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vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Uvod" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uvod"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Uvod</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uvod-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Završne_vrijednosti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Završne_vrijednosti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Završne vrijednosti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Završne_vrijednosti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operatori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operatori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Operatori</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Operatori-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Operatori</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Operatori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bjeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bjeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Bjeline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bjeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nadovezivanje:" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nadovezivanje:"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Nadovezivanje:</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nadovezivanje:-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alterniranje:" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alterniranje:"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Alterniranje:</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alterniranje:-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inkrementalni_izbori:" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inkrementalni_izbori:"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Inkrementalni izbori:</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inkrementalni_izbori:-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opseg_vrijednosti:" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opseg_vrijednosti:"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Opseg vrijednosti:</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opseg_vrijednosti:-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grupa_slijeda:" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grupa_slijeda:"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Grupa slijeda:</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grupa_slijeda:-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opetovanje_varijabli:" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opetovanje_varijabli:"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Opetovanje varijabli:</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opetovanje_varijabli:-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specifično_opetovanje:" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specifično_opetovanje:"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Specifično opetovanje:</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specifično_opetovanje:-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izborni_slijed:" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izborni_slijed:"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Izborni slijed:</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izborni_slijed:-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Komentar:" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Komentar:"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>Komentar:</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Komentar:-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prednost_operatora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prednost_operatora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.11</span> <span>Prednost operatora</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prednost_operatora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Osnovna_pravila" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Osnovna_pravila"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.12</span> <span>Osnovna pravila</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Osnovna_pravila-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Primjer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primjer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Primjer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primjer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Povećani Backus-Naurov oblik</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 6 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-6" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">6 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roz%C5%A1%C3%AD%C5%99en%C3%A1_Backusova%E2%80%93Naurova_forma" title="Rozšířená Backusova–Naurova forma – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rozšířená Backusova–Naurova forma" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angereicherte_Backus-Naur-Form" title="Angereicherte Backus-Naur-Form – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Angereicherte Backus-Naur-Form" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augmented_Backus%E2%80%93Naur_form" title="Augmented Backus–Naur form – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Augmented Backus–Naur form" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augmented_Backus-Naur_Form" title="Augmented Backus-Naur Form – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Augmented Backus-Naur Form" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABNF" title="ABNF – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ABNF" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%A9%E5%85%85%E5%B7%B4%E7%A7%91%E6%96%AF%E8%8C%83%E5%BC%8F" title="扩充巴科斯范式 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="扩充巴科斯范式" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q538050#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Poveznice na druge jezike" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi poveznice</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pove%C4%87ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik" title="Pogledaj sadržaj [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stranica</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Razgovor:Pove%C4%87ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Razgovorna stranica (stranica ne postoji) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Promijeni jezičnu varijantu" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">hrvatski</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Pogledi"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pove%C4%87ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pove%C4%87ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pove%C4%87ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kôd ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kôd</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pove%C4%87ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik&action=history" title="Ranije izmjene na ovoj stranici [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vidi povijest</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pomagala" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pomagala</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Pomagala</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Više mogućnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Radnje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pove%C4%87ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pove%C4%87ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pove%C4%87ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kôd ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kôd</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pove%C4%87ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik&action=history"><span>Vidi povijest</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Razno </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:%C5%A0to_vodi_ovamo/Pove%C4%87ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik" title="Popis svih stranica koje sadrže poveznice na ovu stranicu [j]" 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informacija o ovoj stranici"><span>Podatci o stranici</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Citiraj&page=Pove%C4%87ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik&id=6163918&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacije o tome kako citirati ovu stranicu"><span>Citiraj ovu stranicu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Skra%C4%87iva%C4%8D_adresa&url=https%3A%2F%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPove%25C4%2587ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik"><span>Skraćeni URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:QrKodu&url=https%3A%2F%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPove%25C4%2587ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik"><span>Preuzmi QR kôd</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ispis/izvoz </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> 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href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q538050" title="Poveznica na stavku na projektu Wikipodatci [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Stavka na Wikipodatcima</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izgled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hr" dir="ltr"><p><b>Povećani Backus-Naurov oblik</b> (češće kraće samo kao ABNF, od engl. <i>Augmented Backus–Naur form</i>) proširuje <a href="/wiki/Backus-Naurov_oblik" title="Backus-Naurov oblik">Backus-Naurov oblik</a>. </p><p><i>Povećani Backus-Naurov oblik</i> (ABNF) je zasnovan na <a href="/wiki/Backus-Naurov_oblik" title="Backus-Naurov oblik">Backus-Naurovom obliku</a>, ali posjeduje vlastitu sintaksu i produkcijska pravila. Povod za nastanak ovog <a href="/wiki/Metajezik" title="Metajezik">metajezika</a> jest opis formalnog sustava jezika koji je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Komunkacijski_protokol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komunkacijski protokol (stranica ne postoji)">protokol</a> (dvosmjerna specifikacija). Dokumentiran je u <a href="/wiki/RFC" title="RFC">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4234">4234</a> i često služi kao definicijski jezik za <a href="/w/index.php?title=IETF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IETF (stranica ne postoji)">IETF</a> komunikacijske <a href="/wiki/Komunikacijski_protokol" title="Komunikacijski protokol">protokole</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/RFC" title="RFC">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4234">4234</a> ispravlja probleme u i obsoletira <a href="/wiki/RFC" title="RFC">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2234">2234</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uvod">Uvod</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pove%C4%87ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Uvod" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pove%C4%87ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Uvod"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ABNF specifikacija je skup produkcijskih pravila, zapisanih kao <code>pravilo = definicija ; komentar CR LF</code>: gdje je pravilo <a href="/wiki/Nezavr%C5%A1ni_simbol" class="mw-redirect" title="Nezavršni simbol">nezavršni simbol</a> osjetljiv na velika i mala slova, definicija se sastoji od slijedova simbola koji definiraju pravilo, komentar je u svrhu dokumentacije, a pravilo završava znakom vraćanja ne početak reda (CR od engl. <i>carriage return</i>) i znakom prelaska u novi red (LF od engl <i>line feed</i>). </p><p>Imena pravila su neosjetljiva na velika i mala slova: <code><imepravila></code>, <code><Imepravila></code>, <code><IMEPRAVILA></code>, i <code><iMePRaviLA></code> su sve ista pravila. Imena pravila se sastoje od slova nakon kojeg slijede slova, brojevi i crtice. </p><p>Uglate zagrade (“<code><</code>”, “<code>></code>”) se ne zahtijevaju oko imena pravila (kao što se zahtijevaju u BNF notaciji). Međutim, mogu biti korištene za označavanje imena pravila prilikom korištenja u običnom tekstu za isticanje samih imena pravila. </p><p>ABNF se enkodira u 7-bitnom ASCII kodu u 8-bitnom polju čiji je vršni bit postavljen na nulu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Završne_vrijednosti"><span id="Zavr.C5.A1ne_vrijednosti"></span>Završne vrijednosti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pove%C4%87ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Završne vrijednosti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pove%C4%87ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Završne vrijednosti"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Završni su simboli specificirani jednim ili više numeričkih karaktera (znakova). </p><p>Numerički karakteri mogu biti specificirani znakom postotka “<code>%</code>”, nakon kojeg slijedi baza (b = binarna, d = decimalna, i x = heksadecimalna), nakon kojeg slijedi vrijednost, ili nadovezivanje (konkatenacija) vrijednosti (označena sa “<code>.</code>”). Na primjer, znak vraćanja na početak reda, CR (od engl. <i>carriage return</i>), je specificiran kodom <code>%d13</code> u decimalnoj bazi ili <code>%x0D</code> u heksadecimalnoj. CR nakon kojeg slijedi znak prelaska u novi red - LF (od engl. <i>line feed</i>) se može specificirati nadovezivanjem kao <code>%d13.10</code>. </p><p>Literalni tekst je specificiran uporabom stringa zatvorenog u navodnike (<code>"</code>). Ovi stringovi su neosjetljivi na velika i mala slova i korišteni skup karaktera iz US-ASCII. Stoga će string “abc” spariti “abc”, “Abc”, “aBc”, “abC”, “ABc”, “AbC”, “aBC”, i “ABC”. Za sparivanje osjetljivo na velika i mala slova se moraju koristiti eksplicitni karakteri: za sparivanje “aBc” definicija će biti <code>%d97 %d66 %d99</code>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operatori">Operatori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pove%C4%87ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Operatori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pove%C4%87ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Operatori"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bjeline">Bjeline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pove%C4%87ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak: Bjeline" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pove%C4%87ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Bjeline"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bjeline se koriste za razdvajanje definicijskih elemenata: prazni znak mora biti eksplicitno uključen da bi se prepoznao kao graničnik. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nadovezivanje:">Nadovezivanje:</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pove%C4%87ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak: Nadovezivanje:" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pove%C4%87ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Nadovezivanje:"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><code>Pravilo1 Pravilo2</code> </p><p>Pravilo može biti definirano listanjem slijeda imena pravila. Da bi se spario string “aba” sljedeća pravila mogu biti korištena: </p> <ol><li><code>fu = %x61 ; a</code></li> <li><code>bar = %x62 ; b</code></li> <li><code>mumble = fu bar fu</code></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alterniranje:">Alterniranje:</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pove%C4%87ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odlomak: Alterniranje:" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pove%C4%87ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Alterniranje:"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><code>Pravilo1 / Pravilo2</code> </p><p>Pravilo može biti definirano listanjem alternativnih pravila razdvojenih kosom crtom (“<code>/</code>”). </p><p>Da bi se prihvatilo pravilo <fu> ili pravilo <bar> može se konstruirati sljedeće pravilo: </p> <ol><li><code>fubar = fu / bar</code></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inkrementalni_izbori:">Inkrementalni izbori:</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pove%C4%87ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odlomak: Inkrementalni izbori:" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pove%C4%87ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik&action=edit&section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Inkrementalni izbori:"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><code>Pravilo1 =/ Pravilo2</code> </p><p>Dodani izbori mogu biti dodani u pravilo uporabom koda “<code>=/</code>” između imena pravila i definicije. </p><p>Pravilo </p> <ol><li><code>skuppravila = izbor1 / izbor2 / izbor3 / izbor4 / izbor5</code></li></ol> <p>je istovjetno sljedećima </p> <ol><li><code>skuppravila = izbor1 / izbor2</code></li> <li><code>skuppravila =/ izbor3</code></li> <li><code>skuppravila =/ izbor4 / izbor5</code></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opseg_vrijednosti:">Opseg vrijednosti:</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pove%C4%87ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odlomak: Opseg vrijednosti:" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pove%C4%87ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik&action=edit&section=8" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Opseg vrijednosti:"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><code>%c##-##</code> </p><p>Opseg numeričkih vrijednosti se može specificirati uporabom crtice (“<code>-</code>”). </p><p>Pravilo </p> <ol><li><code>OKTALNO = "0" / "1" / "2" / "3" / "4" / "5" / "6" / "7"</code></li></ol> <p>je istovjetno sljedećem pravilu: </p> <ol><li><code>OKTALNO = %x30-37</code></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grupa_slijeda:">Grupa slijeda:</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pove%C4%87ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odlomak: Grupa slijeda:" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pove%C4%87ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik&action=edit&section=9" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Grupa slijeda:"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><code>(Pravilo1 Pravilo2)</code> </p><p>Elementi mogu biti smješteni u zagrade kako bi se grupirala pravila u definiciji. </p><p>Da bi se sparili stringovi “elem fubar snafu” ili “elem tarfu snafu”, sljedeće pravilo može biti konstruirano: </p> <ol><li><code>grupa = elem (fubar / tarfu) snafu</code></li></ol> <p>Kako bi se sparili stringovi “elem fubar” ili “tarfu snafu”, sljedeće pravilo može biti konstruirano: </p> <ol><li><code>grupa = elem fubar / tarfu snafu</code></li> <li><code>grupa = (elem fubar) / (tarfu snafu)</code></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opetovanje_varijabli:">Opetovanje varijabli:</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pove%C4%87ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Uredi odlomak: Opetovanje varijabli:" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pove%C4%87ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik&action=edit&section=10" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Opetovanje varijabli:"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><code>n*nPravilo</code> </p><p>Kako bi se naznačilo opetovanje elementa, koristi se oblik <code><a>*<b>element</code>. Izborni <code><a></code> daje minimalan broj elemenata koji se mogu uključiti, s pretpostavljenom vrijednošću jednakom 0. Izborni <code><b></code> daje maksimalan broj uključenih elemenata, bez pretpostavljene gornje granice. </p><p>Valja koristiti <code>*element</code> za nula illi više elemenata, <code>1*element</code> za jedan ili više elemenata, i <code>2*3element</code> za dva ili tri elementa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Specifično_opetovanje:"><span id="Specifi.C4.8Dno_opetovanje:"></span>Specifično opetovanje:</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pove%C4%87ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Uredi odlomak: Specifično opetovanje:" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pove%C4%87ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik&action=edit&section=11" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Specifično opetovanje:"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><code>nPravilo</code> </p><p>Kako bi se naznačio eksplicitan broj elemenata, koristi se oblik <code><a>element</code> i koji je istovjetan sa <code><a>*<a>element</code>. </p><p>Valja koristiti <code>2ZNAMENKA</code> da bi se dobile dvije numeričke znamenke i <code>3ZNAMENKA</code> kako bi se dobile tri numeričke znamenke. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Izborni_slijed:">Izborni slijed:</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pove%C4%87ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Uredi odlomak: Izborni slijed:" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pove%C4%87ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik&action=edit&section=12" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izborni slijed:"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><code>[Pravilo]</code> </p><p>Kako bi se naznačio izborni (opcionalni) element, sljedeće konstrukcije su istovjetne: </p> <ol><li><code>[fubar snafu]</code></li> <li><code>*1(fubar snafu)</code></li> <li><code>0*1(fubar snafu)</code></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Komentar:">Komentar:</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pove%C4%87ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Uredi odlomak: Komentar:" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pove%C4%87ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik&action=edit&section=13" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Komentar:"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><code>; komentar</code> </p><p>Točka-zarez (“<code>;</code>”) započinje komentar koji se nastavlja do kraja linije. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prednost_operatora">Prednost operatora</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pove%C4%87ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Uredi odlomak: Prednost operatora" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pove%C4%87ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik&action=edit&section=14" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Prednost operatora"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sljedeći operatori imaju danu prednost od najjačeg do najslabijeg vezanja: </p> <ol><li>Stringovi, Oblikovanje Imena</li> <li>Komentari</li> <li>Opseg vrijednosti</li> <li>Opetovanje</li> <li>Grupiranje, Izborni</li> <li>Nadovezivanje</li> <li>Alternativa</li></ol> <p>Uporaba operatora alternirana s nadovezivanjem može biti zbunjujuća i preporučuje se uporaba grupiranja kako bi se grupe nadovezivanja učinile eksplicitnima. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Osnovna_pravila">Osnovna pravila</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pove%C4%87ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Uredi odlomak: Osnovna pravila" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pove%C4%87ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik&action=edit&section=15" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Osnovna pravila"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Osnovna pravila su definirana u ABNF standardu. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="background-color: #efefef;"> <th>Pravilo</th> <th>Formalna definicija</th> <th>Značenje </th></tr> <tr> <td>ALPHA</td> <td>%x41-5A / %x61-7A</td> <td>velika i mala <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> slova (A-Z a-z) </td></tr> <tr> <td>DIGIT</td> <td>%x30-39</td> <td>decimalne znamenke (0-9) </td></tr> <tr> <td>HEXDIG</td> <td>DIGIT / "A" / "B" / "C" / "D" / "E" / "F"</td> <td>heksadecimalne znamenke (0-9 A-F) </td></tr> <tr> <td>DQUOTE</td> <td>%x22</td> <td>dvostruki navodnik </td></tr> <tr> <td>SP</td> <td>%x20</td> <td>znak praznine (engl. <i>space</i>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>HTAB</td> <td>%x09</td> <td>horizontalni <i>tab</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>WSP</td> <td>SP / HTAB</td> <td>znak praznine i horizontalni <i>tab</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>LWSP</td> <td>*(WSP / CRLF WSP)</td> <td>linearna bjelina (nakon znaka za novi red) </td></tr> <tr> <td>VCHAR</td> <td>%x21-7E</td> <td>vidljivi (ispisivi) znakovi </td></tr> <tr> <td>CHAR</td> <td>%x01-7F</td> <td>bilo koji 7-bitni US-ASCII znak, isključujući NUL </td></tr> <tr> <td>OCTET</td> <td>%x00-FF</td> <td>8 bitova podataka </td></tr> <tr> <td>CTL</td> <td>%x00-1F / %x7F</td> <td>kontrolni znakovi </td></tr> <tr> <td>CR</td> <td>%x0D</td> <td>znak vraćanja na početak reda (engl. <i>carriage return</i>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>LF</td> <td>%x0A</td> <td>znak prelaska u novi red (engl. <i>linefeed</i>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRLF</td> <td>CR LF</td> <td>Standardni internetski znak za prelazak u novi red </td></tr> <tr> <td>BIT</td> <td>"0" / "1"</td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Primjer">Primjer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pove%C4%87ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Uredi odlomak: Primjer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pove%C4%87ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik&action=edit&section=16" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Primjer"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Primjer poštanskih adresa dan u članku o Backus-Naurovom obliku se može specificirati kao: <code> </code></p><code><pre>poštanska-adresa = ime-dio ulica pbroj-dio ime-dio = *(osobni-dio SP) prezime [SP jr-dio] CRLF ime-dio =/ osobni-dio CRLF osobni-dio = ime / (inicijal ".") ime = *ALPHA inicijal = ALPHA prezime = *ALPHA jr-dio = ("Jr." / "Sr." / 1*("I" / "V" / "X")) street = [stan-broj SP] kućni-broj SP ime-ulice CRLF stan-broj = 1*4DIGIT kućni-broj = 1*8(DIGIT / ALPHA) ime-ulice = 1*VCHAR pbroj-dio = ime-grada "," SP država 1*2SP poštanski-broj CRLF ime-grada = 1*(ALPHA / SP) država = 2ALPHA poštanski-broj = 5DIGIT ["-" 4DIGIT] </pre></code><code></code><p><code></code> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pove%C4%87ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Uredi odlomak: Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pove%C4%87ani_Backus-Naurov_oblik&action=edit&section=17" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RFC" title="RFC">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4234">4234</a> Augmented BNF for Syntax Specifications: ABNF</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RFC" title="RFC">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2234">2234</a> Augmented BNF for Syntax Specifications: ABNF (obsoletno)</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Dobavljeno iz "<a dir="ltr" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Povećani_Backus-Naurov_oblik&oldid=6163918">https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Povećani_Backus-Naurov_oblik&oldid=6163918</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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