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<div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="İçindekiler" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">DNA barkodlama</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Başka bir dildeki sayfaya gidin. 23 dilde mevcut" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 dil</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D9%82%D8%B6%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D9%8A" title="ترميز قضباني للحمض النووي - Arapça" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ترميز قضباني للحمض النووي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNK_barkodiranje" title="DNK barkodiranje - Boşnakça" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="DNK barkodiranje" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Boşnakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_barcoding" title="DNA barcoding - Katalanca" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="DNA barcoding" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA-Barcoding" title="DNA-Barcoding - Almanca" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="DNA-Barcoding" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Almanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_barcoding" title="DNA barcoding - İngilizce" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="DNA barcoding" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="İngilizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3digo_de_barras_de_la_vida" title="Código de barras de la vida - İspanyolca" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Código de barras de la vida" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="İspanyolca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="رمزینه‌گذاری دی‌ان‌ای - Farsça" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رمزینه‌گذاری دی‌ان‌ای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Farsça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA-viivakoodaus" title="DNA-viivakoodaus - Fince" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="DNA-viivakoodaus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcoding_mol%C3%A9culaire" title="Barcoding moléculaire - Fransızca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Barcoding moléculaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Fransızca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kode_batang_DNA" title="Kode batang DNA - Endonezce" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kode batang DNA" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Endonezce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_barcoding" title="DNA barcoding - İtalyanca" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="DNA barcoding" data-language-autonym="İtaliano" data-language-local-name="İtalyanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İtaliano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0" title="DNAバーコーディング - Japonca" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="DNAバーコーディング" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA-barcoding" title="DNA-barcoding - Felemenkçe" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="DNA-barcoding" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Felemenkçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA-strekkoding" title="DNA-strekkoding - Norveççe Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="DNA-strekkoding" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveççe Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barkod_DNA" title="Barkod DNA - Lehçe" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Barkod DNA" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Lehçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_DNA_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%89_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84" title="د DNA بارکوډ کول - Peştuca" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د DNA بارکوډ کول" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Peştuca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3digo_de_barras_de_DNA" title="Código de barras de DNA - Portekizce" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Código de barras de DNA" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portekizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="önerilen madde"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%9D%D0%9A" title="Баркодирование ДНК - Rusça" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Баркодирование ДНК" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_barcoding" title="DNA barcoding - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="DNA barcoding" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA-streckkodning" title="DNA-streckkodning - İsveççe" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="DNA-streckkodning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="İsveççe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%94%D0%9D%D0%9A" title="Штрихкодування ДНК - Ukraynaca" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Штрихкодування ДНК" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraynaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A3_v%E1%BA%A1ch_DNA" title="Mã vạch DNA - Vietnamca" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mã vạch DNA" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA%E6%9D%A1%E5%BD%A2%E7%A0%81" title="DNA条形码 - Çince" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="DNA条形码" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Çince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1154642#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Dillerarası bağlantıları değiştir" class="wbc-editpage">Bağlantıları değiştir</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ad alanları"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/DNA_barkodlama" title="İçerik sayfasını göster [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Madde</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:DNA_barkodlama" rel="discussion" title="İçerik ile ilgili tartışma [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Tartışma</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Dil varyantını değiştir" > <label 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Daha fazla seçenek" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Eylemler </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/DNA_barkodlama"><span>Oku</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=DNA_barkodlama&veaction=edit" title="Bu sayfayı değiştir [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Değiştir</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a 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.sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:720px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#82C3D8; padding:0.2em; font-size:160%; font-weight:bold;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">DNA barkodlama</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%C3%87evresel_DNA" title="Çevresel DNA"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/DNA_Barcoding.png/200px-DNA_Barcoding.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/DNA_Barcoding.png/300px-DNA_Barcoding.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/DNA_Barcoding.png/400px-DNA_Barcoding.png 2x" data-file-width="1252" data-file-height="410" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption">  <br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">DNA barkodlama</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metabarkodlama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metabarkodlama (sayfa mevcut değil)">Metabarkodlama</a><br />  </div></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddf;font-size:110%;"> By taxa</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r32637355">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikrobiyal_DNA_barkodlama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikrobiyal DNA barkodlama (sayfa mevcut değil)">Mikrobiyal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mantar_DNA_barkodlama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mantar DNA barkodlama (sayfa mevcut değil)">Mantar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen_DNA_barkodlama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polen DNA barkodlama (sayfa mevcut değil)">Polen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alg_DNA_barkodlama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alg DNA barkodlama (sayfa mevcut değil)">Alg</a></li> <li>Sucul <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sucul_makroomurgas%C4%B1z_DNA_barkodlama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sucul makroomurgasız DNA barkodlama (sayfa mevcut değil)">makroomurgasızlar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bal%C4%B1k_DNA_barkodlama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balık DNA barkodlama (sayfa mevcut değil)">balık</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddf;font-size:110%;"> Diğer</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r32637355"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87evresel_DNA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Çevresel DNA (sayfa mevcut değil)">Çevresel DNA (eDNA)</a><br /> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87evresel_RNA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Çevresel RNA (sayfa mevcut değil)">Çevresel RNA</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r32637355"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metagenomik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metagenomik (sayfa mevcut değil)">Metagenomik</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viral_metagenomi%C4%9Fi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viral metagenomiği (sayfa mevcut değil)">virüsler</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metatranskriptomik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metatranskriptomik (sayfa mevcut değil)">Metatranskriptomik</a></li></ul> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r32637355"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gen_amplifikasyonu" title="Gen amplifikasyonu">Amplifikasyon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polimeraz_zincir_reaksiyonu" title="Polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu">PCR</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shotgun_dizileme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shotgun dizileme (sayfa mevcut değil)">Shotgun dizileme</a></li></ul> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r32637355"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%BCcre_d%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1_RNA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hücre dışı RNA (sayfa mevcut değil)">Hücre dışı RNA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimera_(molek%C3%BCler_biyoloji)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimera (moleküler biyoloji) (sayfa mevcut değil)">Kimera</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sa%C4%9Fl%C4%B1kta_barkod_teknolojisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sağlıkta barkod teknolojisi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Sağlık</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diyet_de%C4%9Ferlendirmesinde_DNA_barkodlamas%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diyet değerlendirmesinde DNA barkodlaması (sayfa mevcut değil)">Diyet değerlendirmesi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ya%C5%9Fam_Barkodu_Konsorsiyumu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yaşam Barkodu Konsorsiyumu (sayfa mevcut değil)">Yaşam Barkodu Konsorsiyumu</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist" style="background-color: #82C3D8; border-color: #A2B8BF"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kategori"><img alt="Kategori" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Symbol_category.svg/16px-Symbol_category.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Symbol_category.svg/24px-Symbol_category.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Symbol_category.svg/32px-Symbol_category.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kategori:DNA_barkodlama" title="Kategori:DNA barkodlama">Kategori</a></span></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25548259">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:DNA_barkodlama" title="Şablon:DNA barkodlama"><abbr title="Bu şablonu görüntüle">g</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon_tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:DNA_barkodlama" title="Şablon tartışma:DNA barkodlama"><abbr title="Bu şablonu tartış">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eablon:DNA_barkodlama&action=edit"><abbr title="Bu şablonu değiştir">d</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>DNA barkodlama</b>, <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a>'nın belirli, kısa bir bölümü kullanılarak yapılan bir <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCr" title="Tür">tür</a> tanımlama yöntemidir. Organizmaların <a href="/wiki/Genom" title="Genom">genomlarındaki</a> küçük farklılıklardan faydalanarak tıpkı marketlerde satılan ürünlerin de üzerinde olduğu gibi o türe ait bir <a href="/wiki/Barkod" title="Barkod">barkod</a> oluşturulabilir.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bu "barkodlar" bazenleri bilinmeyen türleri tanımlamak, mümkün olduğu kadar çok <a href="/wiki/Takson" title="Takson">taksonu</a> kataloglamak veya tür sınırlarını belirlemek için geleneksel taksonomiyle karşılaştırmak amacıyla kullanılır.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Farklı <a href="/wiki/Canl%C4%B1" title="Canlı">organizma</a> gruplarını barkod kullanarak tanımlamak için farklı gen bölgeleri kullanılır. Hayvanlar ve bazı <a href="/wiki/Protistler" title="Protistler">protistler</a> için en yaygın kullanılan barkod bölgesi, <a href="/wiki/Mitokondriyal_DNA" title="Mitokondriyal DNA">mitokondriyal DNA</a>'da bulunan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sitokrom_c_oksidaz_alt_birimi_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sitokrom c oksidaz alt birimi I (sayfa mevcut değil)">sitokrom <i>c</i> oksidaz I</a> (COI veya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sitokrom_c_oksidaz_alt_birimi_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sitokrom c oksidaz alt birimi I (sayfa mevcut değil)">COX1</a>) geninin bir kısmıdır. DNA barkodlaması için uygun diğer genler, mantarlar için sıklıkla kullanılan <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0nternal_transcribed_spacer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İnternal transcribed spacer (sayfa mevcut değil)">internal transcribed spacer</a> (ITS) <a href="/wiki/Ribozomal_RNA" title="Ribozomal RNA">rRNA</a> ve bitkiler için kullanılan <a href="/w/index.php?title=RuBisCO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RuBisCO (sayfa mevcut değil)">RuBisCO</a>'dur.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schoch-eal-2012_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schoch-eal-2012-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mikroorganizma" title="Mikroorganizma">Mikroorganizmalar</a> farklı gen bölgeleri kullanılarak tespit edilir. Örneğin <a href="/w/index.php?title=16S_ribozomal_RNA%27s%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="16S ribozomal RNA'sı (sayfa mevcut değil)">16S rRNA</a> geni prokaryotların tanımlanmasında yaygın olarak kullanılırken, <a href="/w/index.php?title=18S_ribozomal_RNA%27s%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="18S ribozomal RNA'sı (sayfa mevcut değil)">18S rRNA</a> geni çoğunlukla mikrobiyal <a href="/wiki/%C3%96karyot" title="Ökaryot">ökaryotların</a> saptanması için kullanılır. Bu gen bölgeleri, türler arası varyasyona göre daha az tür içi varyasyona sahip oldukları için seçilmiştir ve "Barcoding Gap" olarak da bilinir.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>DNA barkodlama, çiçekleri veya meyveleri mevcut olmadığında bile bitkinin yapraklarının tanımlanması; polen yayan hayvanların vücutlarında toplanan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen_DNA_barkodlamas%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polen DNA barkodlaması (sayfa mevcut değil)">polenlerin</a> tanımlanması; yetişkinlere göre daha az tanısal karaktere sahip olabilen böcek larvalarının tanımlanması veya bir hayvanın mide içeriğine, tükürüğüne veya dışkısına göre beslenmesinin araştırılması gibi uygulamaları içerir.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Barkodlama, birden fazla organizmanın DNA'sını içeren bir numuneden organizmaları tanımlamak için kullanıldığında, <b>DNA metabar kodlaması</b> terimi kullanılır.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Örneğin, su kalitesini değerlendirmek için nehirlerdeki ve akarsulardaki diatom topluluklarının <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yosun_DNA_barkodlamas%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yosun DNA barkodlaması (sayfa mevcut değil)">DNA metabar kodlamasının</a> kullanılması.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kaynakça"><span id="Kaynak.C3.A7a"></span>Kaynakça</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DNA_barkodlama&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Kaynakça" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DNA_barkodlama&action=edit&section=1" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Kaynakça"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r32805677">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-count:2}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-count:3}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibol.org/phase1/about-us/what-is-dna-barcoding/">"What is DNA Barcoding?"</a>. iBOL. 7 Mart 2019 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190307131134/http://www.ibol.org/phase1/about-us/what-is-dna-barcoding/">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">26 Mart</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+DNA+Barcoding%3F&rft.pub=iBOL&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibol.org%2Fphase1%2Fabout-us%2Fwhat-is-dna-barcoding%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3ADNA+barkodlama" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Kress, W. John; Erickson, David L., (Ed.) (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-61779-591-6"><i>DNA Barcodes: Methods and Protocols</i></a>. Methods in Molecular Biology (İngilizce). <b>858</b>. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-591-6">10.1007/978-1-61779-591-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-1-61779-590-9" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-1-61779-590-9">978-1-61779-590-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=DNA+Barcodes%3A+Methods+and+Protocols&rft.place=Totowa%2C+NJ&rft.series=Methods+in+Molecular+Biology&rft.pub=Humana+Press&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-1-61779-591-6&rft.isbn=978-1-61779-590-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2F10.1007%2F978-1-61779-591-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3ADNA+barkodlama" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak dergi">Irinyi, L.; Lackner, M.; de Hoog, G. S.; Meyer, W. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2015.04.007">"DNA barcoding of fungi causing infections in humans and animals"</a>. <i>Fungal Biology</i>. <b>120</b> (2). ss. 125-136. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2015.04.007">10.1016/j.funbio.2015.04.007</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed#PubMed_tanımlayıcısı" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26781368">26781368</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DNA+barcoding+of+fungi+causing+infections+in+humans+and+animals&rft.pages=125-136&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.funbio.2015.04.007&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26781368&rft.aulast=Irinyi&rft.aufirst=L.&rft.au=Lackner%2C+M.&rft.au=de+Hoog%2C+G.+S.&rft.au=Meyer%2C+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%2Fj.funbio.2015.04.007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3ADNA+barkodlama" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schoch-eal-2012-4"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-Schoch-eal-2012_4-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak dergi">Schoch, Conrad L.; Seifert, Keith A.; Huhndorf, Sabine; Robert, Vincent; Spouge, John L.; Levesque, C. André; Chen, Wen; Fungal Barcoding Consortium (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/109/16/6241.full.pdf">"Nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region as a universal DNA barcode marker for Fungi"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>. <b>109</b> (16). ss. 6241-6246. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1117018109">10.1073/pnas.1117018109</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Özgürce erişilebilir"><img alt="Özgürce erişilebilir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_S%C3%BCreli_Yay%C4%B1n_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Süreli Yayın Numarası">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0027-8424">0027-8424</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central#PMCID" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3341068">3341068</a> $2</span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed#PubMed_tanımlayıcısı" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22454494">22454494</a>. 7 Temmuz 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200707050303/https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/109/16/6241.full.pdf">arşivlendi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">4 Ocak</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nuclear+ribosomal+internal+transcribed+spacer+%28ITS%29+region+as+a+universal+DNA+barcode+marker+for+Fungi&rft.pages=6241-6246&rft.date=2012&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3341068&rft.issn=0027-8424&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22454494&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.1117018109&rft.aulast=Schoch&rft.aufirst=Conrad+L.&rft.au=Seifert%2C+Keith+A.&rft.au=Huhndorf%2C+Sabine&rft.au=Robert%2C+Vincent&rft.au=Spouge%2C+John+L.&rft.au=Levesque%2C+C.+Andr%C3%A9&rft.au=Chen%2C+Wen&rft.au=Fungal+Barcoding+Consortium&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pnas.org%2Fcontent%2Fpnas%2F109%2F16%2F6241.full.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3ADNA+barkodlama" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak dergi">CBOL Plant Working Group; Hollingsworth, P. M.; Forrest, L. L.; Spouge, J. L.; Hajibabaei, M.; Ratnasingham, S.; van der Bank, M.; Chase, M. W.; Cowan, R. S. (4 Ağustos 2009). "A DNA barcode for land plants". <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>. <b>106</b> (31). ss. 12794-12797. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0905845106">10.1073/pnas.0905845106</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Özgürce erişilebilir"><img alt="Özgürce erişilebilir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_S%C3%BCreli_Yay%C4%B1n_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Süreli Yayın Numarası">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0027-8424">0027-8424</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central#PMCID" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2722355">2722355</a> $2</span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed#PubMed_tanımlayıcısı" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19666622">19666622</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+DNA+barcode+for+land+plants&rft.pages=12794-12797&rft.date=2009-08-04&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2722355&rft.issn=0027-8424&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19666622&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.0905845106&rft.au=CBOL+Plant+Working+Group&rft.au=Hollingsworth%2C+P.+M.&rft.au=Forrest%2C+L.+L.&rft.au=Spouge%2C+J.+L.&rft.au=Hajibabaei%2C+M.&rft.au=Ratnasingham%2C+S.&rft.au=van+der+Bank%2C+M.&rft.au=Chase%2C+M.+W.&rft.au=Cowan%2C+R.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3ADNA+barkodlama" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak dergi">Paulay, Gustav; Meyer, Christopher P. (29 Kasım 2005). "DNA Barcoding: Error Rates Based on Comprehensive Sampling". <i>PLOS Biology</i>. <b>3</b> (12). ss. e422. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0030422">10.1371/journal.pbio.0030422</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Özgürce erişilebilir"><img alt="Özgürce erişilebilir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_S%C3%BCreli_Yay%C4%B1n_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Süreli Yayın Numarası">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1545-7885">1545-7885</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central#PMCID" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1287506">1287506</a> $2</span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed#PubMed_tanımlayıcısı" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16336051">16336051</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DNA+Barcoding%3A+Error+Rates+Based+on+Comprehensive+Sampling&rft.pages=e422&rft.date=2005-11-29&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1287506&rft.issn=1545-7885&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16336051&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.0030422&rft.aulast=Paulay&rft.aufirst=Gustav&rft.au=Meyer%2C+Christopher+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3ADNA+barkodlama" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak dergi">Soininen, Eeva M; Valentini, Alice; Coissac, Eric; Miquel, Christian; Gielly, Ludovic; Brochmann, Christian; Brysting, Anne K; Sønstebø, Jørn H; Ims, Rolf A (2009). "Analysing diet of small herbivores: the efficiency of DNA barcoding coupled with high-throughput pyrosequencing for deciphering the composition of complex plant mixtures". <i>Frontiers in Zoology</i>. <b>6</b> (1). s. 16. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-9994-6-16">10.1186/1742-9994-6-16</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Özgürce erişilebilir"><img alt="Özgürce erişilebilir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_S%C3%BCreli_Yay%C4%B1n_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Süreli Yayın Numarası">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1742-9994">1742-9994</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central#PMCID" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2736939">2736939</a> $2</span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed#PubMed_tanımlayıcısı" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19695081">19695081</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Analysing+diet+of+small+herbivores%3A+the+efficiency+of+DNA+barcoding+coupled+with+high-throughput+pyrosequencing+for+deciphering+the+composition+of+complex+plant+mixtures&rft.pages=16&rft.date=2009&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2736939&rft.issn=1742-9994&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19695081&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1742-9994-6-16&rft.aulast=Soininen&rft.aufirst=Eeva+M&rft.au=Valentini%2C+Alice&rft.au=Coissac%2C+Eric&rft.au=Miquel%2C+Christian&rft.au=Gielly%2C+Ludovic&rft.au=Brochmann%2C+Christian&rft.au=Brysting%2C+Anne+K&rft.au=S%C3%B8nsteb%C3%B8%2C+J%C3%B8rn+H&rft.au=Ims%2C+Rolf+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3ADNA+barkodlama" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak dergi">Creer, Simon; Deiner, Kristy; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Serita_Frey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serita Frey (sayfa mevcut değil)">Frey, Serita</a>; Porazinska, Dorota; Taberlet, Pierre; Thomas, W. Kelley; Potter, Caitlin; Bik, Holly M. (2016). Freckleton, Robert (Ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pure.aber.ac.uk/ws/files/27228629/Creer_et_al_2016_Methods_in_Ecology_and_Evolution.pdf">"The ecologist's field guide to sequence-based identification of biodiversity"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Methods in Ecology and Evolution</i>. <b>7</b> (9). ss. 1008-1018. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12574">10.1111/2041-210X.12574</a>. 21 Haziran 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200621161238/http://pure.aber.ac.uk/ws/files/27228629/Creer_et_al_2016_Methods_in_Ecology_and_Evolution.pdf">arşivlendi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">4 Ocak</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+ecologist%27s+field+guide+to+sequence-based+identification+of+biodiversity&rft.pages=1008-1018&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F2041-210X.12574&rft.aulast=Creer&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft.au=Deiner%2C+Kristy&rft.au=Frey%2C+Serita&rft.au=Porazinska%2C+Dorota&rft.au=Taberlet%2C+Pierre&rft.au=Thomas%2C+W.+Kelley&rft.au=Potter%2C+Caitlin&rft.au=Bik%2C+Holly+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpure.aber.ac.uk%2Fws%2Ffiles%2F27228629%2FCreer_et_al_2016_Methods_in_Ecology_and_Evolution.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3ADNA+barkodlama" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak dergi">Leese, Florian; ve diğerleri. (January 2018). "Why We Need Sustainable Networks Bridging Countries, Disciplines, Cultures and Generations for Aquatic Biomonitoring 2.0: A Perspective Derived from the DNAqua-Net COST Action". <i>Advances in Ecological Research</i>. Cilt 58. ss. 63-99. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aecr.2018.01.001">10.1016/bs.aecr.2018.01.001</a>. <a href="/wiki/Handle_Sistemi" title="Handle Sistemi">hdl</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//hdl.handle.net/1822%2F72852">1822/72852</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Özgürce erişilebilir"><img alt="Özgürce erişilebilir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/9780128139493" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/9780128139493">9780128139493</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+We+Need+Sustainable+Networks+Bridging+Countries%2C+Disciplines%2C+Cultures+and+Generations+for+Aquatic+Biomonitoring+2.0%3A+A+Perspective+Derived+from+the+DNAqua-Net+COST+Action&rft.pages=63-99&rft.date=2018-01&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1822%2F72852&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fbs.aecr.2018.01.001&rft.isbn=9780128139493&rft.aulast=Leese&rft.aufirst=Florian&rft.au=Bouchez%2C+Agn%C3%A8s&rft.au=Abarenkov%2C+Kessy&rft.au=Altermatt%2C+Florian&rft.au=Borja%2C+%C3%81ngel&rft.au=Bruce%2C+Kat&rft.au=Ekrem%2C+Torbj%C3%B8rn&rft.au=%C4%8Ciampor%2C+Fedor&rft.au=%C4%8Ciamporov%C3%A1-Za%C5%A5ovi%C4%8Dov%C3%A1%2C+Zuzana&rft.au=Costa%2C+Filipe+O.&rft.au=Duarte%2C+Sofia&rft.au=Elbrecht%2C+Vasco&rft.au=Fontaneto%2C+Diego&rft.au=Franc%2C+Alain&rft.au=Geiger%2C+Matthias+F.&rft.au=Hering%2C+Daniel&rft.au=Kahlert%2C+Maria&rft.au=Kalamuji%C4%87+Stroil%2C+Belma&rft.au=Kelly%2C+Martyn&rft.au=Keskin%2C+Emre&rft.au=Liska%2C+Igor&rft.au=Mergen%2C+Patricia&rft.au=Meissner%2C+Kristian&rft.au=Pawlowski%2C+Jan&rft.au=Penev%2C+Lyubomir&rft.au=Reyjol%2C+Yorick&rft.au=Rotter%2C+Ana&rft.au=Steinke%2C+Dirk&rft.au=Van+Der+Wal%2C+Bas&rft.au=Vitecek%2C+Simon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3ADNA+barkodlama" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak dergi">Vasselon, Valentin; Rimet, Frédéric; Tapolczai, Kálmán; Bouchez, Agnès (2017). "Assessing ecological status with diatoms DNA metabarcoding: Scaling-up on a WFD monitoring network (Mayotte island, France)". <i>Ecological Indicators</i>. Cilt 82. ss. 1-12. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.06.024">10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.06.024</a>. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_S%C3%BCreli_Yay%C4%B1n_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Süreli Yayın Numarası">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1470-160X">1470-160X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Assessing+ecological+status+with+diatoms+DNA+metabarcoding%3A+Scaling-up+on+a+WFD+monitoring+network+%28Mayotte+island%2C+France%29&rft.pages=1-12&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ecolind.2017.06.024&rft.issn=1470-160X&rft.aulast=Vasselon&rft.aufirst=Valentin&rft.au=Rimet%2C+Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric&rft.au=Tapolczai%2C+K%C3%A1lm%C3%A1n&rft.au=Bouchez%2C+Agn%C3%A8s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3ADNA+barkodlama" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dış_bağlantılar"><span id="D.C4.B1.C5.9F_ba.C4.9Flant.C4.B1lar"></span>Dış bağlantılar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DNA_barkodlama&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Dış bağlantılar" 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değil)">Filogenetik ağ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uzun_dal_%C3%A7ekimi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uzun dal çekimi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Uzun dal çekimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klad" title="Klad">Klad</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Evrimsel_basamak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evrimsel basamak (sayfa mevcut değil)">Basamak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_(evrim)" title="Soy (evrim)">Soy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hayalet_soy" title="Hayalet soy">Hayalet soy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayalet_pop%C3%BClasyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hayalet popülasyon (sayfa mevcut değil)">Hayalet popülasyon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Çıkarsama yöntemleri</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maksimum_parsimoni_(filogenetik)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maksimum parsimoni (filogenetik) (sayfa mevcut değil)">Maksimum parsimoni</a></li> <li>Olasılığa dayalı yöntemler <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enb%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_olabilirlik_kestirimi" title="Enbüyük olabilirlik kestirimi">Enbüyük olabilirlik kestirimi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filogenide_Bayes_%C3%A7%C4%B1karsamas%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filogenide Bayes çıkarsaması (sayfa mevcut değil)">Bayes çıkarsaması</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filogenide_uzakl%C4%B1k_matrisleri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filogenide uzaklık matrisleri (sayfa mevcut değil)">Uzaklık-matris yöntemleri</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kom%C5%9Fu_birle%C5%9Ftirme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komşu birleştirme (sayfa mevcut değil)">Komşu birleştirme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UPGMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UPGMA (sayfa mevcut değil)">UPGMA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filogenide_en_k%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCk_kareler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filogenide en küçük kareler (sayfa mevcut değil)">En küçük kareler</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9C%C3%A7_takson_analizi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Üç takson analizi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Üç takson analizi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Güncel konular</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PhyloCode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PhyloCode (sayfa mevcut değil)">PhyloCode</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">DNA barkodlama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molek%C3%BCler_filojeni" title="Moleküler filojeni">Moleküler filojeni</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phylogenetic_comparative_methods&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phylogenetic comparative methods (sayfa mevcut değil)">Phylogenetic comparative methods</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phylogenetic_niche_conservatism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phylogenetic niche conservatism (sayfa mevcut değil)">Phylogenetic niche conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filogenetik_sinyal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filogenetik sinyal (sayfa mevcut değil)">Filogenetik sinyal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filogenetik_yaz%C4%B1l%C4%B1mlar_listesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filogenetik yazılımlar listesi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Filogenetik yazılımları</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filogenomik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filogenomik (sayfa mevcut değil)">Filogenomik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filoco%C4%9Frafya" title="Filocoğrafya">Filocoğrafya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grup özellikleri</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0lkel_(filogenetik)" title="İlkel (filogenetik)">İlkel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plesiomorfi_ve_simplesiomorfi" title="Plesiomorfi ve simplesiomorfi">Plesiomorfi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plesiomorfi_ve_simplesiomorfi" title="Plesiomorfi ve simplesiomorfi">Simplesiomorfi</a></li></ul></li> <li>Türemiş <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinapomorfi_ve_apomorfi" title="Sinapomorfi ve apomorfi">Apomorfi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinapomorfi_ve_apomorfi" title="Sinapomorfi ve apomorfi">Sinapomorfi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otapomorfi" title="Otapomorfi">Otapomorfi</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grup tipleri</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monofili" title="Monofili">Monofili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parafili_(filogenetik)" title="Parafili (filogenetik)">Parafili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polifili" title="Polifili">Polifili</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adlandırma</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filogenetik_adland%C4%B1rma_sistemi" title="Filogenetik adlandırma sistemi">Filogenetik adlandırma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%A7_grup" title="Taç grup">Taç grup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karde%C5%9F_grup" title="Kardeş grup">Kardeş grup</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bazal_(filogenetik)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bazal (filogenetik) (sayfa mevcut değil)">Bazal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BCpera%C4%9Fa%C3%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Süperağaç (sayfa mevcut değil)">Süperağaç</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kategori"><img alt="Kategori" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Symbol_category.svg/16px-Symbol_category.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Symbol_category.svg/24px-Symbol_category.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Symbol_category.svg/32px-Symbol_category.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Filogenetik" title="Kategori:Filogenetik">Kategori</a></b> - <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons sayfası"><img alt="Commons sayfası" 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