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photodiode.</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: single photodiode."> <meta name="keywords" content="single photodiode."> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="single photodiode."> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 4596</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: single photodiode.</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4446</span> Banking Union: A New Step towards Completing the Economic and Monetary Union</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marijana%20Ivanov">Marijana Ivanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roman%20%C5%A0ubi%C4%87"> Roman Šubić</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The single rulebook together with the Single Supervisory Mechanism and the Single Resolution Mechanism - as two main pillars of the banking union, represent important steps towards completing the Economic and Monetary Union. It should provide a consistent application of common rules and administrative standards for supervision, recovery and resolution of banks – with the final aim that a former practice of the bail-out is replaced with the bail-in system through which bank failures will be resolved by their own funds, i.e. with minimal costs for taxpayers and real economy. It has to reduce the financial fragmentation recorded in the years of crisis as the result of divergent behaviors in risk premium, lending activities, and interest rates between the core and the periphery. In addition, it should strengthen the effectiveness of monetary transmission channels, in particular the credit channels and overflows of liquidity on the single interbank money market. However, contrary to all the positive expectations related to the future functioning of the banking union, low and unbalanced economic growth rates remain a challenge for the maintenance of financial stability in the euro area, and this problem cannot be resolved just by a single supervision. In many countries bank assets exceed their GDP by several times, and large banks are still a matter of concern because of their systemic importance for individual countries and the euro zone as a whole. The creation of the SSM and the SRM should increase transparency of the banking system in the euro area and restore confidence that have been disturbed during the depression. It would provide a new opportunity to strengthen economic and financial systems in the peripheral countries. On the other hand, there is a potential threat that future focus of the ECB, resolution mechanism and other relevant institutions will be extremely oriented to the large and significant banks (whereby one half of them operate in the core and most important euro area countries), while it is questionable to what extent the common resolution funds will be used for rescue of less important institutions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banking%20union" title="banking union">banking union</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20integration" title=" financial integration"> financial integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20supervision%20mechanism%20%28SSM%29" title=" single supervision mechanism (SSM)"> single supervision mechanism (SSM)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22823/banking-union-a-new-step-towards-completing-the-economic-and-monetary-union" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22823.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">470</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4445</span> Utility Assessment Model for Wireless Technology in Construction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yassir%20AbdelRazig">Yassir AbdelRazig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amine%20Ghanem"> Amine Ghanem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Construction projects are information intensive in nature and involve many activities that are related to each other. Wireless technologies can be used to improve the accuracy and timeliness of data collected from construction sites and shares it with appropriate parties. Nonetheless, the construction industry tends to be conservative and shows hesitation to adopt new technologies. A main concern for owners, contractors or any person in charge on a job site is the cost of the technology in question. Wireless technologies are not cheap. There are a lot of expenses to be taken into consideration, and a study should be completed to make sure that the importance and savings resulting from the usage of this technology is worth the expenses. This research attempts to assess the effectiveness of using the appropriate wireless technologies based on criteria such as performance, reliability, and risk. The assessment is based on a utility function model that breaks down the selection issue into alternatives attribute. Then the attributes are assigned weights and single attributes are measured. Finally, single attribute are combined to develop one single aggregate utility index for each alternative. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytic%20hierarchy%20process" title="analytic hierarchy process">analytic hierarchy process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20theory" title=" decision theory"> decision theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=utility%20function" title=" utility function"> utility function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20technologies" title=" wireless technologies"> wireless technologies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28639/utility-assessment-model-for-wireless-technology-in-construction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28639.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4444</span> Correlation between Dynamic Knee Valgus with Isometric Hip External Rotators Strength during Single Leg Landing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Fawzy">Ahmed Fawzy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Ayad"> Khaled Ayad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gh.%20M.%20Koura"> Gh. M. Koura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Reda"> W. Reda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The excessive frontal plane motion of the lower extremity during sports activities is thought to be a contributing factor to many traumatic and overuse injuries of the knee joint, little is known about the biomechanical factors that contribute to this loading pattern. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate if there is a relationship between hip external rotators isometric strength and the value of frontal plane projection angle (FPPA) during single leg landing tasks in normal male subjects. Methods: One hundred (male) subjects free from lower extremity injuries for at least six months ago participated in this study. Their mean age was (23.25 ± 2.88) years, mean weight was (74.76 ± 13.54) (Kg), mean height was (174.23 ± 6.56) (Cm). The knee frontal plane projection angle was measured by digital video camera using single leg landing task. Hip external rotators isometric strength were assessed by portable hand held dynamometer. Muscle strength had been normalized to the body weight to obtain more accurate measurements. Results: The results demonstrated that there was no significant relationship between hip external rotators isometric strength and the value of FPPA during single leg landing tasks in normal male subjects. Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is no relationship between hip external rotators isometric strength and the value of FPPA during functional activities in normal male subjects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2-dimensional%20motion%20analysis" title="2-dimensional motion analysis">2-dimensional motion analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hip%20strength" title=" hip strength"> hip strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinematics" title=" kinematics"> kinematics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knee%20injuries" title=" knee injuries"> knee injuries</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55037/correlation-between-dynamic-knee-valgus-with-isometric-hip-external-rotators-strength-during-single-leg-landing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55037.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">225</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4443</span> Optimization of Solar Rankine Cycle by Exergy Analysis and Genetic Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Akbari">R. Akbari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Ehyaei"> M. A. Ehyaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Shahi%20Shavvon"> R. Shahi Shavvon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, solar energy is used for energy purposes such as the use of thermal energy for domestic, industrial and power applications, as well as the conversion of the sunlight into electricity by photovoltaic cells. In this study, the thermodynamic simulation of the solar Rankin cycle with phase change material (paraffin) was first studied. Then energy and exergy analyses were performed. For optimization, a single and multi-objective genetic optimization algorithm to maximize thermal and exergy efficiency was used. The parameters discussed in this paper included the effects of input pressure on turbines, input mass flow to turbines, the surface of converters and collector angles on thermal and exergy efficiency. In the organic Rankin cycle, where solar energy is used as input energy, the fluid selection is considered as a necessary factor to achieve reliable and efficient operation. Therefore, silicon oil is selected for a high-temperature cycle and water for a low-temperature cycle as an operating fluid. The results showed that increasing the mass flow to turbines 1 and 2 would increase thermal efficiency, while it reduces and increases the exergy efficiency in turbines 1 and 2, respectively. Increasing the inlet pressure to the turbine 1 decreases the thermal and exergy efficiency, and increasing the inlet pressure to the turbine 2 increases the thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency. Also, increasing the angle of the collector increased thermal efficiency and exergy. The thermal efficiency of the system was 22.3% which improves to 33.2 and 27.2% in single-objective and multi-objective optimization, respectively. Also, the exergy efficiency of the system was 1.33% which has been improved to 1.719 and 1.529% in single-objective and multi-objective optimization, respectively. These results showed that the thermal and exergy efficiency in a single-objective optimization is greater than the multi-objective optimization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exergy%20analysis" title="exergy analysis">exergy analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title=" genetic algorithm"> genetic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rankine%20cycle" title=" rankine cycle"> rankine cycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20and%20multi-objective%20function" title=" single and multi-objective function"> single and multi-objective function</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110507/optimization-of-solar-rankine-cycle-by-exergy-analysis-and-genetic-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110507.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4442</span> Selection of Pichia kudriavzevii Strain for the Production of Single-Cell Protein from Cassava Processing Waste</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phakamas%20Rachamontree">Phakamas Rachamontree</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Theerawut%20Phusantisampan"> Theerawut Phusantisampan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natthakorn%20Woravutthikul"> Natthakorn Woravutthikul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peerapong%20Pornwongthong"> Peerapong Pornwongthong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malinee%20Sriariyanun"> Malinee Sriariyanun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A total of 115 yeast strains isolated from local cassava processing wastes were measured for crude protein content. Among these strains, the strain MSY-2 possessed the highest protein concentration (>3.5 mg protein/mL). By using molecular identification tools, it was identified to be a strain of Pichia kudriavzevii based on similarity of D1/D2 domain of 26S rDNA region. In this study, to optimize the protein production by MSY-2 strain, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied. The tested parameters were the carbon content, nitrogen content, and incubation time. Here, the value of regression coefficient (R2) = 0.7194 could be explained by the model, which is high to support the significance of the model. Under the optimal condition, the protein content was produced up to 3.77 g per L of the culture and MSY-2 strain contain 66.8 g protein per 100 g of cell dry weight. These results revealed the plausibility of applying the novel strain of yeast in single-cell protein production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20cell%20protein" title="single cell protein">single cell protein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20surface%20methodology" title=" response surface methodology"> response surface methodology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yeast" title=" yeast"> yeast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cassava%20processing%20waste" title=" cassava processing waste"> cassava processing waste</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27179/selection-of-pichia-kudriavzevii-strain-for-the-production-of-single-cell-protein-from-cassava-processing-waste" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27179.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4441</span> A Numerical and Experimental Study on Fast Pyrolysis of Single Wood Particle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Rezaei">Hamid Rezaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaotao%20Bi"> Xiaotao Bi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Jim%20Lim"> C. Jim Lim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anthony%20Lau"> Anthony Lau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahab%20Sokhansanj"> Shahab Sokhansanj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A one-dimensional heat transfer model coupled with the kinetic information has been used to predict the overall pyrolysis mass loss of a single wood particle. The kinetic parameters were determined experimentally and the regime and characteristics of the conversion were evaluated in terms of the particle size and reactor temperature. The order of overall mass loss changed from n=1 at temperatures lower than 350 °C to n=0.5 at temperatures higher that 350 °C. Conversion time analysis showed that particles larger than 0.5 mm were controlled by internal thermal resistances. The valid range of particle size to use the simplified lumped model depends on the fluid temperature around the particles. The critical particle size was 0.6-0.7 mm for the fluid temperature of 500 °C and 0.9-1.0 mm for the fluid temperature of 100 °C. Experimental pyrolysis of moist particles did not show distinct drying and pyrolysis stages. The process was divided into two hypothetical drying and pyrolysis dominated zones and empirical correlations are developed to predict the rate of mass loss in each zone. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrolysis" title="pyrolysis">pyrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinetics" title=" kinetics"> kinetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model" title=" model"> model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20particle" title=" single particle"> single particle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57465/a-numerical-and-experimental-study-on-fast-pyrolysis-of-single-wood-particle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57465.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4440</span> 3 Dimensions Finite Element Analysis of Tunnel-Pile Interaction Scenarios Using Abaqus Software</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haitham%20J.%20M.%20Odeh">Haitham J. M. Odeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper introduced an analysis of the effect of tunneling near pile foundations. Accomplished by three-dimensional finite element modeling. The numerical simulation is conducted using Abaqus finite element software. By examining different Tunnel-pile scenarios. The paper presents the tunnel induced pile responses, Such as pile settlement, pile internal forces, and the comments made on changing the vertical and transversal location of the tunnel related to the piles, the study contains two pile-supported structure cases, single and a group of piles. A comprehensive comparison between real case study results and numerical simulation is presented. The results of the analysis reveal the critical and safe location of tunnel construction and the positive effect of a group of piles existing instead of single piles. Also, demonstrates the changes in pile responses by changing the tunnel location. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile%20responses" title="pile responses">pile responses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20pile" title=" single pile"> single pile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=group%20of%20piles" title=" group of piles"> group of piles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile-tunnel%20interaction" title=" pile-tunnel interaction"> pile-tunnel interaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151131/3-dimensions-finite-element-analysis-of-tunnel-pile-interaction-scenarios-using-abaqus-software" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151131.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4439</span> Laser Registration and Supervisory Control of neuroArm Robotic Surgical System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamidreza%20Hoshyarmanesh">Hamidreza Hoshyarmanesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hosein%20Madieh"> Hosein Madieh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanju%20Lama"> Sanju Lama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yaser%20Maddahi"> Yaser Maddahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Garnette%20R.%20Sutherland"> Garnette R. Sutherland</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kourosh%20Zareinia"> Kourosh Zareinia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper illustrates the concept of an algorithm to register specified markers on the neuroArm surgical manipulators, an image-guided MR-compatible tele-operated robot for microsurgery and stereotaxy. Two range-finding algorithms, namely time-of-flight and phase-shift, are evaluated for registration and supervisory control. The time-of-flight approach is implemented in a semi-field experiment to determine the precise position of a tiny retro-reflective moving object. The moving object simulates a surgical tool tip. The tool is a target that would be connected to the neuroArm end-effector during surgery inside the magnet bore of the MR imaging system. In order to apply flight approach, a 905-nm pulsed laser diode and an avalanche photodiode are utilized as the transmitter and receiver, respectively. For the experiment, a high frequency time to digital converter was designed using a field-programmable gate arrays. In the phase-shift approach, a continuous green laser beam with a wavelength of 530 nm was used as the transmitter. Results showed that a positioning error of 0.1 mm occurred when the scanner-target point distance was set in the range of 2.5 to 3 meters. The effectiveness of this non-contact approach exhibited that the method could be employed as an alternative for conventional mechanical registration arm. Furthermore, the approach is not limited by physical contact and extension of joint angles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20laser%20scanner" title="3D laser scanner">3D laser scanner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intraoperative%20MR%20imaging" title=" intraoperative MR imaging"> intraoperative MR imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuroArm" title=" neuroArm"> neuroArm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real%20time%20registration" title=" real time registration"> real time registration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robot-assisted%20surgery" title=" robot-assisted surgery"> robot-assisted surgery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supervisory%20control" title=" supervisory control"> supervisory control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70477/laser-registration-and-supervisory-control-of-neuroarm-robotic-surgical-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70477.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4438</span> Comparative Analysis of Single Versus Multi-IRS Assisted Multi-User Wireless Communication System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayalew%20Tadese%20Kibret">Ayalew Tadese Kibret</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belayneh%20Sisay%20Alemu"> Belayneh Sisay Alemu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amare%20Kassaw%20Yimer"> Amare Kassaw Yimer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) are considered to be a key enabling technology for sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks. IRSs are electromagnetic (EM) surfaces that are fabricated and have integrated electronics, electronically controlled processes, and particularly wireless communication features. IRSs operate without the need for complex signal processing and the encoding and decoding steps that improve the signal quality at the receiver. Improving vital performance parameters such as energy efficiency (EE) and spectral efficiency (SE) have frequently been the primary goals of research in order to meet the increasing requirements for advanced services in the future 6G communications. In this research, we conduct a comparative analysis on single and multi-IRS wireless communication networks using energy and spectrum efficiency. The energy efficiency versus user distance, energy efficiency versus signal to noise ratio, and spectral efficiency versus user distance are the basis for our result with 1, 2, 4, and 6 IRSs. According to the results of our simulation, in terms of energy and spectral efficiency, six IRS perform better than four, two, and single IRS. Overall, our results suggest that multi-IRS-assisted wireless communication systems outperform single IRS systems in terms of communication performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sixth-generation%20%286G%29" title="sixth-generation (6G)">sixth-generation (6G)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20networks" title=" wireless networks"> wireless networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intelligent%20reflecting%20surfaces" title=" intelligent reflecting surfaces"> intelligent reflecting surfaces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency"> energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectral%20efficiency" title=" spectral efficiency"> spectral efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191794/comparative-analysis-of-single-versus-multi-irs-assisted-multi-user-wireless-communication-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191794.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">26</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4437</span> Nice Stadium: Design of a Flat Single Layer ETFE Roof</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Escoffier">A. Escoffier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Albrecht"> A. Albrecht</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Consigny"> F. Consigny</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to host the Football Euro in 2016, many French cities have launched architectural competitions in recent years to improve the quality of their stadiums. The winning project in Nice was designed by Wilmotte architects together with Elioth structural engineers. It has a capacity of 35,000 seats. Its roof structure consists of a complex 3D shape timber and steel lattice and is covered by 25,000m² of ETFE, 10,500m² of PES-PVC fabric and 8,500m² of photovoltaic panels. This paper focuses on the ETFE part of the cover. The stadium is one of the first constructions to use flat single layer ETFE on such a big area. Due to its relatively recent appearance in France, ETFE structures are not yet covered by any regulations and the existing codes for fabric structures cannot be strictly applied. Rather, they are considered as cladding systems and therefore have to be approved by an “Appréciation Technique d’Expérimentation” (ATEx), during which experimental tests have to be performed. We explain the method that we developed to justify the ETFE, which eventually led to bi-axial tests to clarify the allowable stress in the film. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biaxial%20test" title="biaxial test">biaxial test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creep" title=" creep"> creep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ETFE" title=" ETFE"> ETFE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20layer" title=" single layer"> single layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stadium%20roof" title=" stadium roof"> stadium roof</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7195/nice-stadium-design-of-a-flat-single-layer-etfe-roof" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7195.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4436</span> The Application of Pareto Local Search to the Single-Objective Quadratic Assignment Problem</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20Alsheddy">Abdullah Alsheddy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the employment of Pareto optimality as a strategy to help (single-objective) local search escaping local optima. Instead of local search, Pareto local search is applied to solve the quadratic assignment problem which is multi-objectivized by adding a helper objective. The additional objective is defined as a function of the primary one with augmented penalties that are dynamically updated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pareto%20optimization" title="Pareto optimization">Pareto optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-objectivization" title=" multi-objectivization"> multi-objectivization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quadratic%20assignment%20problem" title=" quadratic assignment problem"> quadratic assignment problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20search" title=" local search"> local search</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9877/the-application-of-pareto-local-search-to-the-single-objective-quadratic-assignment-problem" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9877.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">466</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4435</span> Laser Beam Bending via Lenses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Remzi%20Yildirim">Remzi Yildirim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatih.%20V.%20%C3%87elebi"> Fatih. V. Çelebi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Haldun%20G%C3%B6kta%C5%9F"> H. Haldun Göktaş</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Behzat%20%C5%9Eahin"> A. Behzat Şahin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is about a single component cylindrical structured lens with gradient curve which we used for bending laser beams. It operates under atmospheric conditions and bends the laser beam independent of temperature, pressure, polarity, polarization, magnetic field, electric field, radioactivity, and gravity. A single piece cylindrical lens that can bend laser beams is invented. Lenses are made of transparent, tinted or colored glasses and used for undermining or absorbing the energy of the laser beams. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser" title="laser">laser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending" title=" bending"> bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lens" title=" lens"> lens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light" title=" light"> light</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20optics" title=" nonlinear optics"> nonlinear optics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22254/laser-beam-bending-via-lenses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22254.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">488</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4434</span> Laser Light Bending via Lenses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Remzi%20Yildirim">Remzi Yildirim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatih%20V.%20%C3%87elebi"> Fatih V. Çelebi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Haldun%20G%C3%B6kta%C5%9F"> H. Haldun Göktaş</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Behzat%20%C5%9Eahin"> A. Behzat Şahin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is about a single component cylindrical structured lens with gradient curve which we used for bending laser beams. It operates under atmospheric conditions and bends the laser beam independent of temperature, pressure, polarity, polarization, magnetic field, electric field, radioactivity, and gravity. A single piece cylindrical lens that can bend laser beams is invented. Lenses are made of transparent, tinted or colored glasses and used for undermining or absorbing the energy of the laser beams. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser" title="laser">laser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending" title=" bending"> bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lens" title=" lens"> lens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light" title=" light"> light</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20optics" title=" nonlinear optics"> nonlinear optics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22251/laser-light-bending-via-lenses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22251.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">703</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4433</span> A Robust Optimization Model for the Single-Depot Capacitated Location-Routing Problem</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdolsalam%20Ghaderi">Abdolsalam Ghaderi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the single-depot capacitated location-routing problem under uncertainty is presented. The problem aims to find the optimal location of a single depot and the routing of vehicles to serve the customers when the parameters may change under different circumstances. This problem has many applications, especially in the area of supply chain management and distribution systems. To get closer to real-world situations, travel time of vehicles, the fixed cost of vehicles usage and customers’ demand are considered as a source of uncertainty. A combined approach including robust optimization and stochastic programming was presented to deal with the uncertainty in the problem at hand. For this purpose, a mixed integer programming model is developed and a heuristic algorithm based on Variable Neighborhood Search(VNS) is presented to solve the model. Finally, the computational results are presented and future research directions are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=location-routing%20problem" title="location-routing problem">location-routing problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robust%20optimization" title=" robust optimization"> robust optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stochastic%20programming" title=" stochastic programming"> stochastic programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variable%20neighborhood%20search" title=" variable neighborhood search"> variable neighborhood search</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83797/a-robust-optimization-model-for-the-single-depot-capacitated-location-routing-problem" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83797.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">270</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4432</span> Improving Cell Type Identification of Single Cell Data by Iterative Graph-Based Noise Filtering</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Annika%20Stechemesser">Annika Stechemesser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachel%20Pounds"> Rachel Pounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emma%20Lucas"> Emma Lucas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chris%20Dawson"> Chris Dawson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julia%20Lipecki"> Julia Lipecki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pavle%20Vrljicak"> Pavle Vrljicak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Brosens"> Jan Brosens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sean%20Kehoe"> Sean Kehoe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jason%20Yap"> Jason Yap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lawrence%20Young"> Lawrence Young</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sascha%20Ott"> Sascha Ott</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Advances in technology make it now possible to retrieve the genetic information of thousands of single cancerous cells. One of the key challenges in single cell analysis of cancerous tissue is to determine the number of different cell types and their characteristic genes within the sample to better understand the tumors and their reaction to different treatments. For this analysis to be possible, it is crucial to filter out background noise as it can severely blur the downstream analysis and give misleading results. In-depth analysis of the state-of-the-art filtering methods for single cell data showed that they do, in some cases, not separate noisy and normal cells sufficiently. We introduced an algorithm that filters and clusters single cell data simultaneously without relying on certain genes or thresholds chosen by eye. It detects communities in a Shared Nearest Neighbor similarity network, which captures the similarities and dissimilarities of the cells by optimizing the modularity and then identifies and removes vertices with a weak clustering belonging. This strategy is based on the fact that noisy data instances are very likely to be similar to true cell types but do not match any of these wells. Once the clustering is complete, we apply a set of evaluation metrics on the cluster level and accept or reject clusters based on the outcome. The performance of our algorithm was tested on three datasets and led to convincing results. We were able to replicate the results on a Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells dataset. Furthermore, we applied the algorithm to two samples of ovarian cancer from the same patient before and after chemotherapy. Comparing the standard approach to our algorithm, we found a hidden cell type in the ovarian postchemotherapy data with interesting marker genes that are potentially relevant for medical research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer%20research" title="cancer research">cancer research</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graph%20theory" title=" graph theory"> graph theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20cell%20analysis" title=" single cell analysis"> single cell analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114686/improving-cell-type-identification-of-single-cell-data-by-iterative-graph-based-noise-filtering" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114686.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">112</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4431</span> Electric Field Effect on the Rise of Single Bubbles during Boiling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Masoudnia">N. Masoudnia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Fatahi"> M. Fatahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An experimental study of saturated pool boiling on a single artificial nucleation site without and with the application of an electric field on the boiling surface has been conducted. N-pentane is boiling on a copper surface and is recorded with a high speed camera providing high quality pictures and movies. The accuracy of the visualization allowed establishing an experimental bubble growth law from a large number of experiments. This law shows that the evaporation rate is decreasing during the bubble growth, and underlines the importance of liquid motion induced by the preceding bubble. Bubble rise is therefore studied: once detached, bubbles accelerate vertically until reaching a maximum velocity in good agreement with a correlation from literature. The bubbles then turn to another direction. The effect of applying an electric field on the boiling surface in finally studied. In addition to changes of the bubble shape, changes are also shown in the liquid plume and the convective structures above the surface. Lower maximum rising velocities were measured in the presence of electric fields, especially with a negative polarity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20bubbles" title="single bubbles">single bubbles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20field" title=" electric field"> electric field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boiling" title=" boiling"> boiling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effect" title=" effect "> effect </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50072/electric-field-effect-on-the-rise-of-single-bubbles-during-boiling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50072.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">270</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4430</span> Performance of an Optical Readout Gas Chamber for Charged Particle Track </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jing%20Hu">Jing Hu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoping%20Ouyang"> Xiaoping Ouyang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We develop an optical readout gas chamber based on avalanche-induced scintillation for energetic charged particles track. The gas chamber is equipped with a Single Anode Wires (SAW) structure to produce intensive electric field when the measured particles are of low yield or even single. In the presence of an intensive electric field around the single anode, primary electrons, resulting from the incident charged particles when depositing the energy along the track, accelerate to the anode effectively and rapidly. For scintillation gasses, this avalanche of electrons induces multiplying photons comparing with the primary scintillation excited directly from particle energy loss. The electric field distribution for different shape of the SAW structure is analyzed, and finally, an optimal one is used to study the optical readout performance. Using CF4 gas and its mixture with the noble gas, the results indicate that the optical readout characteristics of the chamber are attractive for imaging. Moreover, images of particles track including single particle track from 5.485MeV alpha particles are successfully acquired. The track resolution is quite well for the reason that the electrons undergo less diffusion in the intensive electric field. With the simple and ingenious design, the optical readout gas chamber has a high sensitivity. Since neutrons can be converted to charged particles when scattering, this optical readout gas chamber can be applied to neutron measurement for dark matter, fusion research, and others. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20readout" title="optical readout">optical readout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20chamber" title=" gas chamber"> gas chamber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charged%20particle%20track" title=" charged particle track"> charged particle track</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=avalanche-induced%20scintillation" title=" avalanche-induced scintillation"> avalanche-induced scintillation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutron%20measurement" title=" neutron measurement"> neutron measurement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61618/performance-of-an-optical-readout-gas-chamber-for-charged-particle-track" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61618.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">272</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4429</span> Soft Robotic Exoskeletal Glove with Single Motor-Driven Tendon-Based Differential Drive</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Naveed%20Akhter">M. Naveed Akhter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jawad%20Aslam"> Jawad Aslam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omer%20Gillani"> Omer Gillani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To aid and rehabilitate increasing number of patients suffering from spinal cord injury (SCI) and stroke, a lightweight, wearable, and 3D printable exoskeletal glove has been developed. Unlike previously developed metal or fabric-based exoskeletons, this research presents the development of soft exoskeletal glove made of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The drive mechanism consists of a single motor-driven antagonistic tendon to perform extension or flexion of middle and index finger. The tendon-based differential drive has been incorporated to allow for grasping of irregularly shaped objects. The design features easy 3D-printability with TPU without a need for supports. The overall weight of the glove and the actuation unit is approximately 500g. Performance of the glove was tested on a custom test-bench with integrated load cells, and the grip strength was tested to be around 30N per finger while grasping objects of irregular shape. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20printable" title="3D printable">3D printable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20drive" title=" differential drive"> differential drive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exoskeletal%20glove" title=" exoskeletal glove"> exoskeletal glove</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rehabilitation" title=" rehabilitation"> rehabilitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20motor%20driven" title=" single motor driven"> single motor driven</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111299/soft-robotic-exoskeletal-glove-with-single-motor-driven-tendon-based-differential-drive" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111299.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4428</span> Algorithm Optimization to Sort in Parallel by Decreasing the Number of the Processors in SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data) Systems </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Hosseini">Ali Hosseini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Paralleling is a mechanism to decrease the time necessary to execute the programs. Sorting is one of the important operations to be used in different systems in a way that the proper function of many algorithms and operations depend on sorted data. CRCW_SORT algorithm executes ‘N’ elements sorting in O(1) time on SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data) computers with n^2/2-n/2 number of processors. In this article having presented a mechanism by dividing the input string by the hinge element into two less strings the number of the processors to be used in sorting ‘N’ elements in O(1) time has decreased to n^2/8-n/4 in the best state; by this mechanism the best state is when the hinge element is the middle one and the worst state is when it is minimum. The findings from assessing the proposed algorithm by other methods on data collection and number of the processors indicate that the proposed algorithm uses less processors to sort during execution than other methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CRCW" title="CRCW">CRCW</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SIMD%20%28Single%20Instruction%20Multiple%20Data%29%0D%0Acomputers" title=" SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data) computers"> SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data) computers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parallel%20computers" title=" parallel computers"> parallel computers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=number%20of%20the%0D%0Aprocessors" title=" number of the processors"> number of the processors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29094/algorithm-optimization-to-sort-in-parallel-by-decreasing-the-number-of-the-processors-in-simd-single-instruction-multiple-data-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29094.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">310</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4427</span> Biophysically Motivated Phylogenies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Catherine%20Felce">Catherine Felce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lior%20Pachter"> Lior Pachter</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Current methods for building phylogenetic trees from gene expression data consider mean expression levels. With single-cell technologies, we can leverage more information about cell dynamics by considering the entire distribution of gene expression across cells. Using biophysical modeling, we propose a method for constructing phylogenetic trees from scRNA-seq data, building on Felsenstein's method of continuous characters. This method can highlight genes whose level of expression may be unchanged between species, but whose rates of transcription/decay may have evolved over time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phylogenetics" title="phylogenetics">phylogenetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single-cell" title=" single-cell"> single-cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biophysical%20modeling" title=" biophysical modeling"> biophysical modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transcription" title=" transcription"> transcription</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186016/biophysically-motivated-phylogenies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186016.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">50</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4426</span> The Fabrication of Scintillator Column by Hydraulic Pressure Injection Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chien%20Chon%20Chen">Chien Chon Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chun%20Mei%20Chu"> Chun Mei Chu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chuan%20Ju%20Wang"> Chuan Ju Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chih%20Yuan%20Chen"> Chih Yuan Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ker%20Jer%20Huang"> Ker Jer Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cesiumiodide with Na doping (CsI(Na)) solution or melt is easily forming three- dimension dendrites on the free surface. The defects or bobbles form inside the CsI(Na) during the solution or melt solidification. The defects or bobbles can further effect the x-ray path in the CsI(Na) crystal and decrease the scintillation characteristics of CsI(Na). In order to enhance the CsI(Na) scintillated property we made single crystal of CsI(Na) column in the anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template by hydraulic pressure injection method. It is interesting that when CsI(Na) melt is confined in the small AAO channels, the column grow as stable single column without any dendrites. The high aspect ratio (100~10000) of AAO and nano to sub-micron channel structure which is a suitable template for single of crystal CsI(Na) formation. In this work, a new low-cost approach to fabricate scintillator crystals using anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) rather than Si is reported, which can produce scintillator crystals with a wide range of controllable size to optimize their performance in X-ray detection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cesiumiodide" title="cesiumiodide">cesiumiodide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AAO" title=" AAO"> AAO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scintillator" title=" scintillator"> scintillator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystal" title=" crystal"> crystal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X-ray" title=" X-ray"> X-ray</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4389/the-fabrication-of-scintillator-column-by-hydraulic-pressure-injection-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4389.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">462</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4425</span> Synergistic Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma with Hyaluronic Acid Injection Following Arthrocentesis to Reduce Pain and Improve Function in Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) Osteoarthritis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayman%20Hegab">Ayman Hegab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Increasing evidence supports the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) combined with hyaluronic acid (HA) for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis, which effectively promotes cartilage repair. This study aimed to determine whether injection of PRP+HA following arthrocentesis reduces pain and improves maximum incisal opening. This was a single-blind, prospective, randomized control study. The patients were selected based on the Hegab classification: Group I: patients treated with arthrocentesis followed by a single PRP injection; Group II (Control): patients treated with arthrocentesis followed by a single HA injection; and Group III: patients treated with arthrocentesis followed by a single PRP+HA combination injection. The primary predictor variable was the medication used for injection. The primary outcome variables were the maximum voluntary mouth opening and pain index scores. The secondary outcome variable was joint sounds. All outcome variables were assessed and compared among the three groups at baseline and at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month intervals. Other variables, including patients’ age and sex, were evaluated in relation to the patient outcomes. Injecting PRP+HA showed statistically significant improvement in the primary and secondary treatment outcomes over PRP or HA injection throughout the study period (P<0.005). Injection of PRP+HA following arthrocentesis had significant long-term clinical efficacy regarding pain relief that was considered the main concern of both the patient and clinician. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TMJ" title="TMJ">TMJ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HA" title=" HA"> HA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PRP" title=" PRP"> PRP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osteoarthritis" title=" osteoarthritis"> osteoarthritis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193851/synergistic-effect-of-platelet-rich-plasma-with-hyaluronic-acid-injection-following-arthrocentesis-to-reduce-pain-and-improve-function-in-temporomandibular-joint-tmj-osteoarthritis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193851.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">8</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4424</span> A Combined Meta-Heuristic with Hyper-Heuristic Approach to Single Machine Production Scheduling Problem</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20E.%20Nugraheni">C. E. Nugraheni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Abednego"> L. Abednego</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is concerned with minimization of mean tardiness and flow time in a real single machine production scheduling problem. Two variants of genetic algorithm as meta-heuristic are combined with hyper-heuristic approach are proposed to solve this problem. These methods are used to solve instances generated with real world data from a company. Encouraging results are reported. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyper-heuristics" title="hyper-heuristics">hyper-heuristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evolutionary%20algorithms" title=" evolutionary algorithms"> evolutionary algorithms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production%20scheduling" title=" production scheduling"> production scheduling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meta-heuristic" title=" meta-heuristic"> meta-heuristic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12732/a-combined-meta-heuristic-with-hyper-heuristic-approach-to-single-machine-production-scheduling-problem" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12732.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">381</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4423</span> Single Phase Fluid Flow in Series of Microchannel Connected via Converging-Diverging Section with or without Throat</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abhishek%20Kumar%20Chandra">Abhishek Kumar Chandra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaushal%20Kishor"> Kaushal Kishor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wasim%20Khan"> Wasim Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dhananjay%20Singh"> Dhananjay Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Alam"> M. S. Alam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Single phase fluid flow through series of uniform microchannels connected via transition section (converging-diverging section with or without throat) was analytically and numerically studied to characterize the flow within the channel and in the transition sections. Three sets of microchannels of diameters 100, 184, and 249 μm were considered for investigation. Each set contains 10 numbers of microchannels of length 20 mm, connected to each other in series via transition sections. Transition section consists of either converging-diverging section with throat or without throat. The effect of non-uniformity in microchannels on pressure drop was determined by passing water/air through the set of channels for Reynolds number 50 to 1000. Compressibility and rarefaction effects in transition sections were also tested analytically and numerically for air flow. The analytical and numerical results show that these configurations can be used in enhancement of transport processes. However, converging-diverging section without throat shows superior performance over with throat configuration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contraction-expansion%20flow" title="contraction-expansion flow">contraction-expansion flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integrated%20microchannel" title=" integrated microchannel"> integrated microchannel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microchannel%20network" title=" microchannel network"> microchannel network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20phase%20flow" title=" single phase flow"> single phase flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75976/single-phase-fluid-flow-in-series-of-microchannel-connected-via-converging-diverging-section-with-or-without-throat" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75976.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4422</span> Investigating the Effect of Adding the Window Layer and the Back Surface Field Layer of InₓGa₍₁₋ₓ₎P Material to GaAs Single Junction Solar Cell</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Taghinia">Ahmad Taghinia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Negar%20Gholamishaker"> Negar Gholamishaker</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> GaAs (gallium arsenide) solar cells have gained significant attention for their use in space applications. These solar cells have the potential for efficient energy conversion and are being explored as potential power sources for electronic devices, satellites, and telecommunication equipment. In this study, the aim is to investigate the effect of adding a window layer and a back surface field (BSF) layer made of InₓGa₍₁₋ₓ₎P material to a GaAs single junction solar cell. In this paper, we first obtain the important electrical parameters of a single-junction GaAs solar cell by utilizing a two-dimensional simulator software for virtual investigation of the solar cell; then, we analyze the impact of adding a window layer and a back surface field layer made of InₓGa₍₁₋ₓ₎P on the solar cell. The results show that the incorporation of these layers led to enhancements in Jsc, Voc, FF, and the overall efficiency of the solar cell. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=back%20surface%20field%20layer" title="back surface field layer">back surface field layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20cell" title=" solar cell"> solar cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GaAs" title=" GaAs"> GaAs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=In%E2%82%93Ga%E2%82%8D%E2%82%81%E2%82%8B%E2%82%93%E2%82%8EP" title=" InₓGa₍₁₋ₓ₎P"> InₓGa₍₁₋ₓ₎P</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=window%20layer" title=" window layer"> window layer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170469/investigating-the-effect-of-adding-the-window-layer-and-the-back-surface-field-layer-of-inga1p-material-to-gaas-single-junction-solar-cell" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170469.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4421</span> Growth and Development Parameters of Saanen Kids Raised under Intensive Conditions in Konya/Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vahdetti%CC%87n%20Sariyel">Vahdetti̇n Sariyel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bi%CC%87rol%20Da%C4%9F"> Bi̇rol Dağ</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this research, growth and development parameters in Konya, a private company in Saanen kids reared in intensive conditions in the province were examined. Average birth weights were 3.42, 2.96, 3.57, 3.23 and 2.77 kg for male, female, single, twins and triplets kids. Average weaning weights (three months of age) were 12.65, 12.09, 12.80, 12.65 and 11.68 kg for male, female, single, twins and triplets kids. Average body weights at seven months of age were 20.55, 18.98, 20.12, 20.12 and 19.05 kg for male, female, single, twins and triplets kids respectively. Considering the gender of the live weight factors birth control and rule in favor of the first en ( P <0.01), the second control finally it disappeared statistically significant ( P> 0.05). Main age and the effect of birth weight in the first month, while significant (P < 0.01); The effect of the second month following the live weight of the kid was not significant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saanen%20kids" title="Saanen kids">Saanen kids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth" title=" growth"> growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title=" development"> development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20weight" title=" body weight"> body weight</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48016/growth-and-development-parameters-of-saanen-kids-raised-under-intensive-conditions-in-konyaturkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48016.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">272</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4420</span> Understanding of the Impact of Technology in Collaborative Programming for Children</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadia%20Selene%20Molina-Moreno">Nadia Selene Molina-Moreno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Susana%20Avila-Garcia"> Maria Susana Avila-Garcia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marco%20Bianchetti"> Marco Bianchetti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcelina%20Pantoja-Flores"> Marcelina Pantoja-Flores</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Visual Programming Tools available are a great tool for introducing children to programming and to develop a skill set for algorithmic thinking. On the other hand, collaborative learning and pair programming within the context of programming activities, has demonstrated to have social and learning benefits. However, some of the online tools available for programming for children are not designed to allow simultaneous and equitable participation of the team members since they allow only for a single control point. In this paper, a report the work conducted with children playing a user role is presented. A preliminary study to cull ideas, insights, and design considerations for a formal programming course for children aged 8-10 using collaborative learning as a pedagogical approach was conducted. Three setups were provided: 1) lo-fi prototype, 2) PC, 3) a 46' multi-touch single display groupware limited by the application to a single touch entry. Children were interviewed at the end of the sessions in order to know their opinions about teamwork and the different setups defined. Results are mixed regarding the setup, but they agree to like teamwork. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title="children">children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collaborative%20programming" title=" collaborative programming"> collaborative programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20programming" title=" visual programming"> visual programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-touch%20tabletop" title=" multi-touch tabletop"> multi-touch tabletop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lo-fi%20prototype" title=" lo-fi prototype"> lo-fi prototype</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71685/understanding-of-the-impact-of-technology-in-collaborative-programming-for-children" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71685.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4419</span> Mutiple Medical Landmark Detection on X-Ray Scan Using Reinforcement Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vijaya%20Yuvaram%20Singh%20V%20M">Vijaya Yuvaram Singh V M</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kameshwar%20Rao%20J%20V"> Kameshwar Rao J V</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The challenge with development of neural network based methods for medical is the availability of data. Anatomical landmark detection in the medical domain is a process to find points on the x-ray scan report of the patient. Most of the time this task is done manually by trained professionals as it requires precision and domain knowledge. Traditionally object detection based methods are used for landmark detection. Here, we utilize reinforcement learning and query based method to train a single agent capable of detecting multiple landmarks. A deep Q network agent is trained to detect single and multiple landmarks present on hip and shoulder from x-ray scan of a patient. Here a single agent is trained to find multiple landmark making it superior to having individual agents per landmark. For the initial study, five images of different patients are used as the environment and tested the agents performance on two unseen images. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforcement%20learning" title="reinforcement learning">reinforcement learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20landmark%20detection" title=" medical landmark detection"> medical landmark detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi%20target%20detection" title=" multi target detection"> multi target detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20neural%20network" title=" deep neural network"> deep neural network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127710/mutiple-medical-landmark-detection-on-x-ray-scan-using-reinforcement-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127710.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4418</span> Modelling and Simulation of Hysteresis Current Controlled Single-Phase Grid-Connected Inverter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evren%20Isen">Evren Isen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In grid-connected renewable energy systems, input power is controlled by AC/DC converter or/and DC/DC converter depending on output voltage of input source. The power is injected to DC-link, and DC-link voltage is regulated by inverter controlling the grid current. Inverter performance is considerable in grid-connected renewable energy systems to meet the utility standards. In this paper, modelling and simulation of hysteresis current controlled single-phase grid-connected inverter that is utilized in renewable energy systems, such as wind and solar systems, are presented. 2 kW single-phase grid-connected inverter is simulated in Simulink and modeled in Matlab-m-file. The grid current synchronization is obtained by phase locked loop (PLL) technique in dq synchronous rotating frame. Although dq-PLL can be easily implemented in three-phase systems, there is difficulty to generate β component of grid voltage in single-phase system because single-phase grid voltage exists. Inverse-Park PLL with low-pass filter is used to generate β component for grid angle determination. As grid current is controlled by constant bandwidth hysteresis current control (HCC) technique, average switching frequency and variation of switching frequency in a fundamental period are considered. 3.56% total harmonic distortion value of grid current is achieved with 0.5 A bandwidth. Average value of switching frequency and total harmonic distortion curves for different hysteresis bandwidth are obtained from model in m-file. Average switching frequency is 25.6 kHz while switching frequency varies between 14 kHz-38 kHz in a fundamental period. The average and maximum frequency difference should be considered for selection of solid state switching device, and designing driver circuit. Steady-state and dynamic response performances of the inverter depending on the input power are presented with waveforms. The control algorithm regulates the DC-link voltage by adjusting the output power. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grid-connected%20inverter" title="grid-connected inverter">grid-connected inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hysteresis%20current%20control" title=" hysteresis current control"> hysteresis current control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverter%20modelling" title=" inverter modelling"> inverter modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single-phase%20inverter" title=" single-phase inverter"> single-phase inverter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30568/modelling-and-simulation-of-hysteresis-current-controlled-single-phase-grid-connected-inverter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30568.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">479</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4417</span> Structural Behaviour of Concrete Energy Piles in Thermal Loadings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20H.%20N.%20Gashti">E. H. N. Gashti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Malaska"> M. Malaska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Kujala"> K. Kujala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The thermo-mechanical behaviour of concrete energy pile foundations with different single and double U-tube shapes incorporated was analysed using the Comsol Multi-physics package. For the analysis, a 3D numerical model in real scale of the concrete pile and surrounding soil was simulated regarding actual operation of ground heat exchangers (GHE) and the surrounding ambient temperature. Based on initial ground temperature profile measured in situ, tube inlet temperature was considered to range from 6°C to 0°C (during the contraction process) over a 30-day period. Extra thermal stresses and deformations were calculated during the simulations and differences arising from the use of two different systems (single-tube and double-tube) were analysed. The results revealed no significant difference for extra thermal stresses at the centre of the pile in either system. However, displacements over the pile length were found to be up to 1.5-fold higher in the double-tube system than the single-tube system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete%20energy%20piles" title="concrete energy piles">concrete energy piles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stresses" title=" stresses"> stresses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=displacements" title=" displacements"> displacements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermo-mechanical%20behaviour" title=" thermo-mechanical behaviour"> thermo-mechanical behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil-structure%20interactions" title=" soil-structure interactions"> soil-structure interactions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10541/structural-behaviour-of-concrete-energy-piles-in-thermal-loadings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10541.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">214</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20photodiode.&page=5" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20photodiode.&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20photodiode.&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20photodiode.&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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