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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Markup language</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hproduct"><caption class="infobox-title fn">HyTime</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Hypermedia/Time-based Structuring Language</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data">HyTime</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Native name</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="nickname" lang="en"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Hypermedia/Time-based Structuring Language</li> <li>ISO/IEC 10744:1997</li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Published</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Year started</th><td class="infobox-data">1984<span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1984</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-history_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First published</th><td class="infobox-data">November 1, 1992<span class="noprint">; 32 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1992-11-01</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-hyTime-edition-1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hyTime-edition-1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-history_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Latest version</th><td class="infobox-data">Edition 2<sup id="cite_ref-hyTime-edition-2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hyTime-edition-2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />1997<span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1997</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Organization</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Committee</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC_1" title="ISO/IEC JTC 1">ISO/IEC JTC 1</a> (Edition 1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC_1/SC_34" title="ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34">ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34</a> (Edition 2)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Authors</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Goldfarb" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles F. Goldfarb">Charles F. Goldfarb</a><sup id="cite_ref-history_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Steven R. Newcomb<sup id="cite_ref-history_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Base standards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Generalized_Markup_Language" title="Standard Generalized Markup Language">SGML</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Related standards</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topic_Maps" class="mw-redirect" title="Topic Maps">Topic Maps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a></li> <li><abbr title="Standard Generalized Markup Language"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Generalized_Markup_Language" title="Standard Generalized Markup Language">SGML</a></abbr></li> <li><abbr title="Standard Music Description Language">SMDL</abbr></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Domain</th><td class="infobox-data">Information technology</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">License</th><td class="infobox-data">ISO Sales Agreement<sup id="cite_ref-sales-agreement_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sales-agreement-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/standard/29303.html">www<wbr />.iso<wbr />.org<wbr />/standard<wbr />/29303<wbr />.html</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>HyTime</b> (<i>Hypermedia/Time-based Structuring Language</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Markup_language" title="Markup language">markup language</a> that is an application of <a href="/wiki/SGML" class="mw-redirect" title="SGML">SGML</a>. HyTime defines a set of <a href="/wiki/Hypertext" title="Hypertext">hypertext</a>-oriented element types that, in effect, supplement SGML and allow SGML document authors to build hypertext and multimedia presentations in a standardized way. </p><p>HyTime is an international standard published by the <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a>. The first edition was published in 1992,<sup id="cite_ref-hyTime-edition-1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hyTime-edition-1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the second edition was published in 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-hyTime-edition-2_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hyTime-edition-2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HyTime&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some of the concepts formalized in HyTime were later incorporated into <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> and <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a>: </p> <ul><li>HTML is an application of SGML for <a href="/wiki/Hypertext" title="Hypertext">hypertext</a> document presentations, that assigns specific semantics and processing expectations to a fixed set of element types.</li> <li>XML defines a simplified subset of SGML that focuses on providing an open vocabulary of element types for <a href="/wiki/Data_modeling" title="Data modeling">data modeling</a> and establishes precise expectations for how the <a href="/wiki/Markup_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Markup (computing)">marked-up</a> data is read and subsequently fed to another software application for further processing, but does not assign semantics to the element types or establish expectations for how the data is processed.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XLink" title="XLink">XLink</a> was intended as a simplified version of HyTime for use in the XML world, but has not seen much adoption.</li> <li>Work on applying HyTime to back-of-book indexes eventually led to the development of <a href="/wiki/Topic_Maps" class="mw-redirect" title="Topic Maps">Topic Maps</a>, which eventually became far more successful in its own right than HyTime ever was.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Standard">Standard</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HyTime&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Standard"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The HyTime standard itself is ISO/IEC 10744, first published in 1992 and available from the <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">International Organization for Standardization</a>. It was developed by <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC_1/SC_34" title="ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34">ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34</a> (ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1, Subcommittee 34 - Document description and processing languages).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HyTime&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steven_DeRose" title="Steven DeRose">Steven DeRose</a> and David Durand, "Making Hypermedia Work: A User's Guide to HyTime," Kluwer Academic Publishers 1994 (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output 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(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7923-9432-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7923-9432-1">0-7923-9432-1</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HyTime&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-history-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-history_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGoldfarb1994" class="citation web cs1">Goldfarb, Charles F. (1994-06-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120923160340/http://www.sgmlsource.com/history/hthist.htm">"A Brief History of the Development of SMDL and HyTime"</a>. <i>SGML Source Home Page</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sgmlsource.com/history/hthist.htm">the original</a> on 2012-09-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SGML+Source+Home+Page&rft.atitle=A+Brief+History+of+the+Development+of+SMDL+and+HyTime&rft.date=1994-06-02&rft.aulast=Goldfarb&rft.aufirst=Charles+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sgmlsource.com%2Fhistory%2Fhthist.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyTime" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hyTime-edition-1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hyTime-edition-1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hyTime-edition-1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/standard/18834.html">"ISO - ISO/IEC 10744:1992 - Information technology — Hypermedia/Time-based Structuring Language (HyTime)"</a>. <i>ISO</i>. Edition 1. 1992<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ISO&rft.atitle=ISO+-+ISO%2FIEC+10744%3A1992+-+Information+technology+%E2%80%94+Hypermedia%2FTime-based+Structuring+Language+%28HyTime%29&rft.date=1992&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fstandard%2F18834.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyTime" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hyTime-edition-2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hyTime-edition-2_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hyTime-edition-2_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/standard/29303.html">"ISO - ISO/IEC 10744:1997 - Information technology — Hypermedia/Time-based Structuring Language (HyTime)"</a>. <i>ISO</i>. Edition 2. 1997<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ISO&rft.atitle=ISO+-+ISO%2FIEC+10744%3A1997+-+Information+technology+%E2%80%94+Hypermedia%2FTime-based+Structuring+Language+%28HyTime%29&rft.date=1997&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fstandard%2F29303.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyTime" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sales-agreement-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sales-agreement_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/terms-conditions-licence-agreement.html">"ISO - Terms and conditions - Licence Agreement"</a>. <i>ISO</i>. 2016-11-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ISO&rft.atitle=ISO+-+Terms+and+conditions+-+Licence+Agreement&rft.date=2016-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fterms-conditions-licence-agreement.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyTime" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFISO" class="citation web cs1">ISO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/committee/45374/x/catalogue/p/1/u/0/w/0/d/0">"Standards by ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34 – Document description and processing languages"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Standards+by+ISO%2FIEC+JTC+1%2FSC+34+%E2%80%93+Document+description+and+processing+languages&rft.au=ISO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fcommittee%2F45374%2Fx%2Fcatalogue%2Fp%2F1%2Fu%2F0%2Fw%2F0%2Fd%2F0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyTime" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HyTime&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_ics/catalogue_detail_ics.htm?csnumber=18834">ISO/IEC 10744:1992 - Information technology -- Hypermedia/Time-based Structuring Language (HyTime)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://xml.coverpages.org/hytime.html">Robin Cover's HyTime resource list</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041212070652/http://www.y12.doe.gov/sgml/wg8/document/1957.htm">ISO/IEC 10744 Amendment 1</a> - an amendment to ISO/IEC 10744:1997 Annex A.3</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=84880">Standards: HyTime: A standard for structured hypermedia interchange</a> by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Goldfarb" title="Charles Goldfarb">Charles Goldfarb</a>, from IEEE <i>Computer</i> magazine, vol. 24, iss. 8 (Aug. 1991), pp. 81–84</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sgmlsource.com/history/hthist.htm">A Brief History of the Development of SMDL and HyTime</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120923160340/http://www.sgmlsource.com/history/hthist.htm">Archived</a> 2012-09-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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