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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Between_the_wars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Between the wars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Between_the_wars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_fields" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_fields"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>List fields</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_fields-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_US_coastal_fortifications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_US_coastal_fortifications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>List of US coastal fortifications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_US_coastal_fortifications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p>The United States and the colonies that preceded it built numerous <a href="/wiki/Coastal_defense_and_fortification" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastal defense and fortification">coastal defenses</a> to defend major cities, ports and straits from the colonial era through World War II. Some listed were built by other nations and are now on United States territory. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="United_States_fortification_programs">United States fortification programs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_coastal_fortifications_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: United States fortification programs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Seacoast_defense_in_the_United_States" title="Seacoast defense in the United States">Seacoast defense in the United States</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial_period_through_1885">Colonial period through 1885</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_coastal_fortifications_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Colonial period through 1885"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stad_Amsterdam_in_Nieuw_Nederland_(City_Amsterdam_in_New_Netherland)_Castello_Plan_1660.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Stad_Amsterdam_in_Nieuw_Nederland_%28City_Amsterdam_in_New_Netherland%29_Castello_Plan_1660.jpg/220px-Stad_Amsterdam_in_Nieuw_Nederland_%28City_Amsterdam_in_New_Netherland%29_Castello_Plan_1660.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Stad_Amsterdam_in_Nieuw_Nederland_%28City_Amsterdam_in_New_Netherland%29_Castello_Plan_1660.jpg/330px-Stad_Amsterdam_in_Nieuw_Nederland_%28City_Amsterdam_in_New_Netherland%29_Castello_Plan_1660.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Stad_Amsterdam_in_Nieuw_Nederland_%28City_Amsterdam_in_New_Netherland%29_Castello_Plan_1660.jpg/440px-Stad_Amsterdam_in_Nieuw_Nederland_%28City_Amsterdam_in_New_Netherland%29_Castello_Plan_1660.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2916" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fort_Amsterdam" title="Fort Amsterdam">Fort Amsterdam</a>, the quadrangular structure (left) in this 1660 image stood at the southern tip of <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Manhattan Island">Manhattan Island</a>, defending <a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam" title="New Amsterdam">New Amsterdam</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plan_of_Fort_Norfolk_1860.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Plan_of_Fort_Norfolk_1860.jpg/220px-Plan_of_Fort_Norfolk_1860.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Plan_of_Fort_Norfolk_1860.jpg/330px-Plan_of_Fort_Norfolk_1860.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Plan_of_Fort_Norfolk_1860.jpg/440px-Plan_of_Fort_Norfolk_1860.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2896" data-file-height="1888" /></a><figcaption>Fort Norfolk in 1861, a first system fort upgraded as part of the second system</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Freiheitsstatue_NYC_full.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Freiheitsstatue_NYC_full.jpg/220px-Freiheitsstatue_NYC_full.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Freiheitsstatue_NYC_full.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="304" data-file-height="461" /></a><figcaption>The Statue of Liberty is built on top of Fort Wood of the second system</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_view_of_Fort_Adams._-_Fort_Hamilton,_Rose_Island,_Newport,_Newport_County,_RI_HAER_RI-58-5.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Aerial_view_of_Fort_Adams._-_Fort_Hamilton%2C_Rose_Island%2C_Newport%2C_Newport_County%2C_RI_HAER_RI-58-5.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Aerial_view_of_Fort_Adams._-_Fort_Hamilton%2C_Rose_Island%2C_Newport%2C_Newport_County%2C_RI_HAER_RI-58-5.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Aerial_view_of_Fort_Adams._-_Fort_Hamilton%2C_Rose_Island%2C_Newport%2C_Newport_County%2C_RI_HAER_RI-58-5.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Aerial_view_of_Fort_Adams._-_Fort_Hamilton%2C_Rose_Island%2C_Newport%2C_Newport_County%2C_RI_HAER_RI-58-5.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Aerial_view_of_Fort_Adams._-_Fort_Hamilton%2C_Rose_Island%2C_Newport%2C_Newport_County%2C_RI_HAER_RI-58-5.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Aerial_view_of_Fort_Adams._-_Fort_Hamilton%2C_Rose_Island%2C_Newport%2C_Newport_County%2C_RI_HAER_RI-58-5.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5128" data-file-height="3692" /></a><figcaption>Fort Adams, one of the largest third system forts</figcaption></figure> <p>In the American colonies and the United States, coastal forts were generally more heavily constructed than inland forts, and mounted heavier weapons comparable to those on potential attacking ships. Coastal forts built from 1794 through 1867 were generally grouped into three time periods by later historians; these were marked by significant federal fortification programs with most forts built in a particular style. Forts of the first and second systems were generally <a href="/wiki/Earthwork_(military)" class="mw-redirect" title="Earthwork (military)">earthwork</a> <a href="/wiki/Star_fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Star fort">star forts</a> with some masonry reinforcement, mounting one tier of cannon, usually on the roof of the fort or behind low earthworks. Along with new forts, a few masonry forts of the colonial period were rebuilt under the first system, which was built from 1794 through 1801.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWade201115–21_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWade201115–21-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second system began construction in 1802, due to tensions with Britain and France that ultimately led to the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWade2011115–120_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWade2011115–120-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis197921–36_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis197921–36-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Forts of the first two systems were usually completed in two to five years, due to their simple designs. The third system, developed after <a href="/wiki/Burning_of_Washington" title="Burning of Washington">Washington, D.C. was captured and burned</a> in the War of 1812 with its second system fort bypassed, had much larger forts than the previous systems. These were built primarily of masonry, typically with two or three tiers of <a href="/wiki/Cannon" title="Cannon">cannon</a>; two forts were completed with four tiers. All but the top tier of guns were in <a href="/wiki/Casemate" title="Casemate">casemates</a> protected by masonry. These were the largest masonry forts built by the United States, with many designed by US Army engineer <a href="/wiki/Joseph_G._Totten" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph G. Totten">Joseph G. Totten</a> assisted by French military engineer <a href="/wiki/Simon_Bernard" title="Simon Bernard">Simon Bernard</a>. All forts built by the federal government were designed and constructed by the <a href="/wiki/US_Army_Corps_of_Engineers" class="mw-redirect" title="US Army Corps of Engineers">US Army Corps of Engineers</a>; however, some forts were built entirely with state or local resources. Until 1901 federal forts were garrisoned by various <a href="/wiki/Early_U.S._Artillery_formations" title="Early U.S. Artillery formations">artillery units</a>; following the Civil War most units at the forts were designated as heavy artillery batteries.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerhow2015423–424_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerhow2015423–424-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although designs varied, most were <a href="/wiki/Bastion" title="Bastion">bastioned</a> <a href="/wiki/Polygonal_fort" title="Polygonal fort">polygonal forts</a>, having a large seacoast armament with musketry <a href="/wiki/Arrowslit" title="Arrowslit">loopholes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Howitzer" title="Howitzer">howitzer</a> positions to defend against land attacks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerhow201523–42_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerhow201523–42-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis197937–45_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis197937–45-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeaver_II20182–8_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeaver_II20182–8-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Work on the third system forts began in 1819. These forts took decades to build, and many were incomplete when funding was cut off in 1867, especially those begun during the American Civil War. Several forts had their designs modified during the Civil War for faster completion, but this did not always result in a functional fort by 1867. Earthworks built during the war are not included in this list. The <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Pulaski" title="Siege of Fort Pulaski">siege of Fort Pulaski</a> in April 1862 showed that masonry forts were vulnerable to modern rifled cannon, though the Union did not act on this until after the war. In 1867 funding for masonry forts was cut off, and work began on new batteries with earth protection, reinforced with masonry and often near previous forts. However, in 1876 funding was cut off again, with most of these batteries unfinished.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerhow201554–55_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerhow201554–55-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis197968–71_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis197968–71-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeaver_II201814–15_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeaver_II201814–15-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Endicott_program_through_World_War_I">Endicott program through World War I</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_coastal_fortifications_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Endicott program through World War I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seacoast-Battery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Seacoast-Battery.jpg/220px-Seacoast-Battery.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Seacoast-Battery.jpg/330px-Seacoast-Battery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Seacoast-Battery.jpg/440px-Seacoast-Battery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="751" data-file-height="522" /></a><figcaption>Endicott Program battery with two guns on disappearing carriages</figcaption></figure><p>In 1885 the <a href="/wiki/Board_of_Fortifications" title="Board of Fortifications">Board of Fortifications</a>, chaired by Secretary of War <a href="/wiki/William_C._Endicott" class="mw-redirect" title="William C. Endicott">William C. Endicott</a>, met to lay the groundwork for a new coast defense system. New defenses were recommended for 27 harbors and river estuaries; most of the board's recommendations were implemented in what was often called the Endicott Program. This included new rifled guns ranging from <a href="/wiki/3-inch_gun_M1898" class="mw-redirect" title="3-inch gun M1898">3-inch (76 mm)</a> to <a href="/wiki/12-inch_gun_M1888" class="mw-redirect" title="12-inch gun M1888">12-inch (305 mm)</a>, most of them to be on <a href="/wiki/Disappearing_carriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Disappearing carriage">disappearing carriages</a> in new reinforced concrete emplacements faced with earth. The combination of earth-faced emplacements and disappearing carriages was intended to conceal the guns from an enemy; the airplane had not been invented yet.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/12-inch_coast_defense_mortar" title="12-inch coast defense mortar">12-inch (305 mm) rifled mortars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Submarine_mines_in_United_States_harbor_defense" title="Submarine mines in United States harbor defense">controlled minefields</a> were also part of the program. A number of Endicott batteries were built near (and sometimes in) previous forts. Since everything had to be designed and built from the ground up, progress was slow until the Spanish–American War of 1898 potentially threatened the U.S. east coast with bombardment by the Spanish fleet. Only a few new batteries were complete by then, and emergency batteries were hastily built and armed with Civil War-era weapons, along with some new <a href="/wiki/8-inch_gun_M1888" title="8-inch gun M1888">8-inch (203 mm) guns</a> intended for Endicott batteries but mounted on old-style carriages, plus some smaller rapid-fire guns purchased from the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerhow201586–87,_92–93,_180–183_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerhow201586–87,_92–93,_180–183-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1901 the artillery batteries were redesignated, with the light batteries becoming numbered artillery batteries and the heavy batteries at the forts becoming coast artillery companies, all still part of the Artillery Corps. In 1907 the coast artillery companies were split off as the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Coast_Artillery_Corps" title="United States Army Coast Artillery Corps">United States Army Coast Artillery Corps</a>, with the light batteries becoming the <a href="/wiki/Field_Artillery_Branch_(United_States)" title="Field Artillery Branch (United States)">Field Artillery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerhow2015425–427_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerhow2015425–427-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Endicott forts were fully funded during and after the Spanish–American War, and were substantially complete by 1906. In 1905 the Taft Board met to decide on further improvements. The United States had acquired Hawaii and the Philippines in 1898, along with the Panama Canal Zone in 1903. The Taft Board made fire control improvements at several harbor defenses, and decided on new defenses in the three new territories as well as Los Angeles, California. Since the Japanese were building capital ships armed with 14-inch (356 mm) guns, <a href="/wiki/14-inch_gun_M1907" title="14-inch gun M1907">new weapons</a> of this caliber were developed and emplaced in the four new defenses, though not at any existing defenses. In 1917, with World War I in progress and all major powers in possession of <a href="/wiki/Dreadnought_battleship" class="mw-redirect" title="Dreadnought battleship">dreadnought battleships</a>, the Army decided on a new type of battery. This would have two 12-inch (305 mm) guns in open emplacements on high-angle (35° elevation) barbette carriages to increase their range. Existing 12-inch guns were used for these batteries, eleven of which were in the continental United States (in most cases at existing forts), with two in Panama, one in Hawaii, and two one-gun batteries in the Philippines. The initial lack of protection from air attack was a significant problem with these batteries; their only concealment was camouflage and being set back from the coast, although their <a href="/wiki/Magazine_(artillery)" title="Magazine (artillery)">magazines</a> were in bunkers. Most of these batteries were completed circa 1920.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerhow2015154–155,_227–228_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerhow2015154–155,_227–228-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis197975–89_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis197975–89-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Between_the_wars">Between the wars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_coastal_fortifications_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Between the wars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:12in-gun-barbette-CAJ192211.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/12in-gun-barbette-CAJ192211.jpg/220px-12in-gun-barbette-CAJ192211.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/12in-gun-barbette-CAJ192211.jpg/330px-12in-gun-barbette-CAJ192211.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/12in-gun-barbette-CAJ192211.jpg/440px-12in-gun-barbette-CAJ192211.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="650" /></a><figcaption>12-inch gun on long-range barbette carriage</figcaption></figure> <p>Following World War I, the Army attempted further improvements, but in the peacetime funding climate little could be done. A new <a href="/wiki/16-inch_gun_M1919" class="mw-redirect" title="16-inch gun M1919">16-inch (406 mm) gun</a> was adopted, on a new barbette carriage with 65° elevation to allow plunging fire. However, with funding limited only eleven weapons of this caliber could be deployed by 1927; one on a disappearing carriage, four <a href="/wiki/16-inch_howitzer_M1920" title="16-inch howitzer M1920">16-inch howitzers</a>, and the remainder in batteries similar to the 12-inch weapons, all at new forts except the disappearing weapon. The ports protected by these included Boston, New York City, the entrance to the Chesapeake Bay near Norfolk, Virginia, and Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The Navy provided twenty <a href="/wiki/16%22/50_caliber_Mark_2_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="16"/50 caliber Mark 2 gun">16-inch guns</a> intended for cancelled battleships in the 1920s; six of these were deployed in Hawaii and Panama by 1935.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerhow2015154–155,_170–179,_227–228_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerhow2015154–155,_170–179,_227–228-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis1979100–115_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis1979100–115-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_coastal_fortifications_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:16-inch-Casemated.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/16-inch-Casemated.jpg/220px-16-inch-Casemated.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/16-inch-Casemated.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="322" data-file-height="302" /></a><figcaption>16-inch casemated gun, typical World War II installation</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1938 construction began on two <a href="/wiki/Casemate" title="Casemate">casemated</a> batteries for 16-inch (406 mm) guns near San Francisco; the casemates protected the guns against air attack. After the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall of France">Fall of France</a> in 1940, the Army's Harbor Defense Board met to consider the future of coast defenses. The board decided to replace the turn-of-the-century defenses with new casemated 16-inch gun batteries with two guns each, typically one or two batteries per <a href="/wiki/Harbor_Defense_Command" title="Harbor Defense Command">harbor defense command</a>; most previous 16-inch batteries were also to be casemated. Due to their range advantage over previous weapons, most 16-inch batteries were at new forts, usually called "military reservations" to conceal their purpose. The long-range 12-inch batteries were retained and casemated, with a few built new. Due to circumstances requiring development of a new 16-inch gun for new battleships, the Navy released about 50 additional 1920s <a href="/wiki/16%22/50_caliber_Mark_2_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="16"/50 caliber Mark 2 gun">16-inch guns</a>. The 16-inch batteries would be complemented by <a href="/wiki/6-inch_gun_M1903" class="mw-redirect" title="6-inch gun M1903">6-inch (152 mm) guns</a> on new high-angle shielded barbette mounts with magazine bunkers, and new <a href="/wiki/90_mm_Gun_M1/M2/M3" class="mw-redirect" title="90 mm Gun M1/M2/M3">90 mm (3.5-inch) dual-purpose gun</a> batteries. Due to the diminishing threat of enemy surface attack as World War II progressed, especially on the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">east coast</a>, of 38 16-inch batteries proposed only 21 were completed, and not all of these were armed. As the 16-inch batteries were completed the older heavy weapons at the harbor defense commands were scrapped, though some 6-inch and 3-inch guns were retained. Following World War II essentially all remaining gun defenses were scrapped by 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerhow2015174–177,_227–231_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerhow2015174–177,_227–231-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis1979115–125_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis1979115–125-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_fields">List fields</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_coastal_fortifications_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: List fields"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>State: The state in which the fort is located.</li> <li>Name: The fort name, including prior names or names of prior forts on the site.</li> <li>Location: The town, island, or other place name the fort itself is or was located at.</li> <li>City or area defended: The port city, river <a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">estuary</a> or <a href="/wiki/River_delta" title="River delta">delta</a>, or other general area the fort defended. For 1895 and later forts, this is the name of the <a href="/wiki/Coast_Defense_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Coast Defense Command">Coast Defense Command</a> (<a href="/wiki/Harbor_Defense_Command" title="Harbor Defense Command">Harbor Defense Command</a> after 1925) the fort was part of. "The" preceding a place name means the area defended is a river estuary or delta.</li> <li>Era(s): Periods in which major defensive or armament-related construction took place at the fort. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Colonial history of the United States">Colonial</a>: Prior to 1775, or built by a country other than the US.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">Revolutionary War</a>: 1775–1793.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seacoast_defense_in_the_United_States" title="Seacoast defense in the United States">First System</a>: 1794–1801.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seacoast_defense_in_the_United_States" title="Seacoast defense in the United States">Second System</a>: 1802–1815.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>: 1812–1815.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seacoast_defense_in_the_United_States" title="Seacoast defense in the United States">Third System</a>: 1816–1860.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>: 1861–1867.</li> <li>1870s: 1868–1879.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Fortifications" title="Board of Fortifications">Endicott</a>: 1885–1904.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Fortifications" title="Board of Fortifications">Taft</a>: 1905–1916.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>: 1917–1918.</li> <li>Interwar: 1919–1939.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>: 1940–1945.</li></ul></li> <li>Activated: Year in which the first coastal fort on the site entered service, usually when completed or first garrisoned. Many forts were garrisoned but never completed.</li> <li>Deactivated as coastal fort: Year the fort was disarmed (periods of <a href="/wiki/Caretaker_(military)" title="Caretaker (military)">caretaker</a> status are not noted).</li> <li>Deactivated as military post: Year the fort site was abandoned by the Armed Forces.</li></ul> <p>For new construction in World War II, locations with 6-inch guns are included only where they were the primary defenses in the area. All forts with completed 16-inch batteries are listed, but some were never armed. There were numerous other locations not listed with 155 mm, 6-inch, or 90 mm guns, some of which were called "Forts" while others were called "Military Reservations". </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_US_coastal_fortifications">List of US coastal fortifications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_coastal_fortifications_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: List of US coastal fortifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>State </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Location </th> <th>City or area defended </th> <th>Era(s) </th> <th>Activated </th> <th>Deactivated as coastal fort </th> <th>Deactivated as military post </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></td> <td>Fort Charlotte/<a href="/wiki/Fort_Conde" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Conde">Fort Conde</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mobile,_Alabama" title="Mobile, Alabama">Mobile</a></td> <td>Mobile</td> <td>Colonial</td> <td>1723</td> <td>1820</td> <td>1820</td> <td>4/5 scale replica on site </td></tr> <tr> <td>Alabama</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Gaines_(Alabama)" title="Fort Gaines (Alabama)">Fort Gaines</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dauphin_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Dauphin Island">Dauphin Island</a></td> <td>Mobile</td> <td>Third System, Endicott</td> <td>1821</td> <td>1928</td> <td>1947</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Alabama</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Morgan_(Alabama)" title="Fort Morgan (Alabama)">Fort Morgan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Fort_Bowyer" title="Fort Bowyer">Fort Bowyer</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mobile_Point" title="Mobile Point">Mobile Point</a></td> <td>Mobile</td> <td>Second System, Third System, Endicott</td> <td>1814</td> <td>1928</td> <td>1947</td> <td>Rearmed with <a href="/wiki/Panama_mount" title="Panama mount">Panama mounts</a> in WWII </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Schwatka" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Schwatka">Fort Schwatka</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Harbor" title="Dutch Harbor">Dutch Harbor</a></td> <td>Dutch Harbor</td> <td>World War II</td> <td>1944</td> <td>1950</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_Learnard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fort Learnard (page does not exist)">Fort Learnard</a></td> <td>Eider Point, <a href="/wiki/Unalaska,_Alaska" title="Unalaska, Alaska">Unalaska</a></td> <td>Dutch Harbor</td> <td>World War II</td> <td>1944</td> <td>1950</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Alaska</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_J._H._Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fort J. H. Smith (page does not exist)">Fort J. H. Smith</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chiniak,_Alaska" title="Chiniak, Alaska">Chiniak</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kodiak,_Alaska" title="Kodiak, Alaska">Kodiak</a></td> <td>World War II</td> <td>1944</td> <td>1950</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Alaska</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Abercrombie_State_Historical_Park" title="Fort Abercrombie State Historical Park">Fort Abercrombie</a></td> <td>Miller Point, <a href="/wiki/Kodiak_Island,_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Kodiak Island, Alaska">Kodiak Island</a></td> <td>Kodiak</td> <td>World War II</td> <td>1944</td> <td>1950</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Alaska</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_Tidball&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fort Tidball (page does not exist)">Fort Tidball</a></td> <td>Castle Bluffs, Long Island</td> <td>Kodiak</td> <td>World War II</td> <td>1944</td> <td>1950</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Alaska</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_McGilvray" title="Fort McGilvray">Fort McGilvray</a></td> <td>Caines Head</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seward,_Alaska" title="Seward, Alaska">Seward</a></td> <td>World War II</td> <td>1943</td> <td>1944</td> <td></td> <td>6" battery not completed </td></tr> <tr> <td>Alaska</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_Bulkley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fort Bulkley (page does not exist)">Fort Bulkley</a></td> <td>Rugged Island</td> <td>Seward</td> <td>World War II</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>6" battery not completed </td></tr> <tr> <td>Alaska</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sitka_Naval_Operating_Base_and_U.S._Army_Coastal_Defenses" title="Sitka Naval Operating Base and U.S. Army Coastal Defenses">Fort Rousseau</a></td> <td>Makhnati Island</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sitka,_Alaska" title="Sitka, Alaska">Sitka</a></td> <td>World War II</td> <td>1944</td> <td>1950</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Alaska</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_Babcock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fort Babcock (page does not exist)">Fort Babcock</a></td> <td>Shoals Point, Kruzof Island</td> <td>Sitka</td> <td>World War II</td> <td>1944</td> <td>1950</td> <td></td> <td>6" battery not completed </td></tr> <tr> <td>Alaska</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_Peirce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fort Peirce (page does not exist)">Fort Peirce</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Biorka_Island" title="Biorka Island">Biorka Island</a></td> <td>Sitka</td> <td>World War II</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>6" battery not completed </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Rosecrans" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Rosecrans">Fort Rosecrans</a>/<a href="/wiki/Fort_Guijarros" title="Fort Guijarros">Fort Guijarros</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a></td> <td>San Diego</td> <td>Colonial, Endicott, Taft, World War II</td> <td>1797</td> <td>1950</td> <td></td> <td>Part of fort is now <a href="/wiki/Naval_Base_Point_Loma" title="Naval Base Point Loma">Naval Base Point Loma</a>, part is <a href="/wiki/Cabrillo_National_Monument" title="Cabrillo National Monument">Cabrillo National Monument</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Emory" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Emory">Fort Emory</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a></td> <td>San Diego</td> <td>World War II</td> <td>1943</td> <td>1946</td> <td></td> <td>Fort site is on <a href="/wiki/Naval_Amphibious_Base_Coronado" title="Naval Amphibious Base Coronado">Naval Amphibious Base Coronado</a>, batteries demolished </td></tr> <tr> <td>California</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_MacArthur" title="Fort MacArthur">Fort MacArthur</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Pedro,_Los_Angeles,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Pedro, Los Angeles, California">San Pedro</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></td> <td>Taft, Interwar, World War II</td> <td>1917</td> <td>1948</td> <td></td> <td>Museum on site </td></tr> <tr> <td>California</td> <td>White Point Military Reservation</td> <td>San Pedro</td> <td>Los Angeles</td> <td>World War II</td> <td>1943</td> <td>1948</td> <td></td> <td>Adjacent to Fort MacArthur, World War II 16-inch battery on site </td></tr> <tr> <td>California</td> <td>Bolsa Chica Military Reservation</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Huntington_Beach,_California" title="Huntington Beach, California">Huntington Beach</a></td> <td>Los Angeles</td> <td>World War II</td> <td>1942</td> <td>1948</td> <td></td> <td>16-inch battery demolished </td></tr> <tr> <td>California</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Presidio_of_San_Francisco" title="Presidio of San Francisco">Presidio of San Francisco</a>/Fort Winfield Scott</td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a></td> <td>San Francisco</td> <td>Colonial, Endicott</td> <td>1776</td> <td>1945</td> <td>1994</td> <td>Extensively re-used by various exhibits, organizations, and businesses </td></tr> <tr> <td>California</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Point,_San_Francisco" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Point, San Francisco">Fort Point</a>/<a href="/wiki/Fort_Winfield_Scott" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Winfield Scott">Fort Winfield Scott</a>/Castillo de San Joaquin</td> <td>San Francisco</td> <td>San Francisco</td> <td>Colonial, Third System</td> <td>1794</td> <td>1900</td> <td>1970</td> <td>National park </td></tr> <tr> <td>California</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Alcatraz" title="Fort Alcatraz">Fort Alcatraz</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alcatraz_Island" title="Alcatraz Island">Alcatraz Island</a></td> <td>San Francisco</td> <td>Third System, 1870s</td> <td>1858</td> <td>1876</td> <td>1934</td> <td>National park, fort mostly buried by prison construction, a few casemates remain </td></tr> <tr> <td>California</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Angel_Island_(California)#Fort_McDowell" title="Angel Island (California)">Fort McDowell</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Angel_Island_(California)" title="Angel Island (California)">Angel Island</a></td> <td>San Francisco</td> <td>Endicott</td> <td>1901</td> <td>1915</td> <td>1962</td> <td>State park </td></tr> <tr> <td>California</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Mason" title="Fort Mason">Fort Mason</a></td> <td>San Francisco</td> <td>San Francisco</td> <td>Civil War, Endicott</td> <td>1864</td> <td>1910</td> <td>1972</td> <td>Part of <a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_National_Recreation_Area" title="Golden Gate National Recreation Area">Golden Gate National Recreation Area</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>California</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Baker" title="Fort Baker">Fort Baker</a>/Lime Point Mil Res</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marin_Headlands" title="Marin Headlands">Marin Headlands</a></td> <td>San Francisco</td> <td>1870s, Endicott</td> <td>1876</td> <td>1946</td> <td>2000</td> <td>Part of Golden Gate National Recreation Area </td></tr> <tr> <td>California</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Barry" title="Fort Barry">Fort Barry</a></td> <td>Marin Headlands</td> <td>San Francisco</td> <td>Endicott, Taft, Interwar, World War II</td> <td>1905</td> <td>1948</td> <td>1974</td> <td>Part of Golden Gate National Recreation Area </td></tr> <tr> <td>California</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Cronkhite" title="Fort Cronkhite">Fort Cronkhite</a></td> <td>Marin Headlands</td> <td>San Francisco</td> <td>Interwar</td> <td>1940</td> <td>1948</td> <td>1974</td> <td>16-inch gun at Battery Townsley, part of Golden Gate National Recreation Area </td></tr> <tr> <td>California</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Funston" title="Fort Funston">Fort Funston</a>/Lake Merced Mil Res</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lake_Merced" title="Lake Merced">Lake Merced</a></td> <td>San Francisco</td> <td>Interwar</td> <td>1939</td> <td>1948</td> <td>1963</td> <td>Part of Golden Gate National Recreation Area </td></tr> <tr> <td>California</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Miley_Military_Reservation" title="Fort Miley Military Reservation">Fort Miley</a></td> <td>Point Lobos, San Francisco</td> <td>San Francisco</td> <td>Endicott, World War II</td> <td>1898</td> <td>1949</td> <td>1949</td> <td>Part of Golden Gate National Recreation Area </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Griswold" title="Fort Griswold">Fort Griswold</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Groton,_Connecticut" title="Groton, Connecticut">Groton</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_London,_Connecticut" title="New London, Connecticut">New London</a></td> <td>Revolutionary War, Third System</td> <td>1778</td> <td>1903</td> <td>1903</td> <td>Restored, open to public, state park </td></tr> <tr> <td>Connecticut</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Trumbull" title="Fort Trumbull">Fort Trumbull</a></td> <td>New London</td> <td>New London</td> <td>Revolutionary War, Second System, Third System</td> <td>1777</td> <td>1900?</td> <td>1996</td> <td>Preserved, open to public, state park </td></tr> <tr> <td>Connecticut</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Nathan_Hale" title="Fort Nathan Hale">Fort Nathan Hale</a>/Black Rock Fort</td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven</a></td> <td>New Haven</td> <td>Colonial, Revolutionary War, Second System, Civil War</td> <td>1657</td> <td>1866</td> <td>1890</td> <td>State park, forts on site are mostly reconstructions </td></tr> <tr> <td>Connecticut</td> <td>Fort Black Rock/Fort Union</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Black_Rock,_Bridgeport" title="Black Rock, Bridgeport">Black Rock</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fairfield,_Connecticut" title="Fairfield, Connecticut">Fairfield</a></td> <td>Revolutionary War, War of 1812, Spanish–American War</td> <td>1776</td> <td>1899</td> <td>1899</td> <td>Site now in Bridgeport, replaced by Fort Union in 1813 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Connecticut</td> <td>Fort Saybrook/Fort Fenwick</td> <td>Old Saybrook</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Old_Saybrook,_Connecticut" title="Old Saybrook, Connecticut">Old Saybrook</a></td> <td>Colonial, Revolutionary War, War of 1812</td> <td>1635</td> <td>1815</td> <td>1815</td> <td>Park on site, no remains </td></tr> <tr> <td>Connecticut</td> <td>Long Point Fort</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stonington_(borough),_Connecticut" title="Stonington (borough), Connecticut">Stonington Borough</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stonington,_Connecticut" title="Stonington, Connecticut">Stonington</a></td> <td>Revolutionary War, War of 1812, Spanish–American War</td> <td>1775</td> <td>1899</td> <td>1899</td> <td>Withstood a War of 1812 bombardment, two cannons remain in the town </td></tr> <tr> <td>Connecticut</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Stamford_Site" title="Fort Stamford Site">Fort Stamford</a></td> <td>Stamford</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stamford,_Connecticut" title="Stamford, Connecticut">Stamford</a></td> <td>Revolutionary War</td> <td>1781</td> <td>1783</td> <td>1783</td> <td>Site is preserved </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Delaware" title="Fort Delaware">Fort Delaware</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pea_Patch_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Pea Patch Island">Pea Patch Island</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harbor_Defenses_of_the_Delaware" title="Harbor Defenses of the Delaware">The Delaware</a></td> <td>Third System, Endicott</td> <td>1824</td> <td>1942</td> <td>1944</td> <td>First masonry fort completed 1824, demolished after a fire in 1831, state park </td></tr> <tr> <td>Delaware</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_DuPont" title="Fort DuPont">Fort DuPont</a>/Ten Gun Battery/Fort Reynolds</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware_City,_Delaware" title="Delaware City, Delaware">Delaware City</a></td> <td>The Delaware</td> <td>Civil War, Endicott</td> <td>1864</td> <td>1942</td> <td>1945</td> <td>State park, National Guard armory </td></tr> <tr> <td>Delaware</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Saulsbury" title="Fort Saulsbury">Fort Saulsbury</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Slaughter_Beach,_Delaware" title="Slaughter Beach, Delaware">Slaughter Beach</a></td> <td>The Delaware</td> <td>Interwar</td> <td>1924</td> <td>1946</td> <td>1948</td> <td>Privately owned, two 12-inch long range batteries, never casemated </td></tr> <tr> <td>Delaware</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Miles" title="Fort Miles">Fort Miles</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cape_Henlopen" title="Cape Henlopen">Cape Henlopen</a></td> <td>The Delaware</td> <td>World War II</td> <td>1943</td> <td>1948</td> <td>1996</td> <td>State park, batteries well-preserved </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Second System, Third System, Civil War, 1870s, Endicott</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Fort_Washington_Park" title="Fort Washington Park">Fort Washington</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fort_Foote" title="Fort Foote">Fort Foote</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>; <a href="/wiki/Battery_Rodgers" title="Battery Rodgers">Battery Rodgers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fort_Hunt_Park" title="Fort Hunt Park">Fort Hunt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Clinch" title="Fort Clinch">Fort Clinch</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Island" title="Amelia Island">Amelia Island</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/St._Marys_River_(Florida%E2%80%93Georgia)" title="St. Marys River (Florida–Georgia)">The St. Marys</a></td> <td>Third System</td> <td>1861</td> <td>1900</td> <td>1935</td> <td>State park </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Castillo_de_San_Marcos" title="Castillo de San Marcos">Castillo de San Marcos</a>/Fort Marion</td> <td><a href="/wiki/St._Augustine,_Florida" title="St. Augustine, Florida">St. Augustine</a></td> <td>St. Augustine</td> <td>Colonial, Third System</td> <td>1672</td> <td>1866</td> <td>1933</td> <td>National park </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Matanzas_National_Monument" title="Fort Matanzas National Monument">Fort Matanzas</a></td> <td>St. Augustine</td> <td>St. Augustine</td> <td>Colonial</td> <td>1742</td> <td>1822</td> <td>1933</td> <td>National Monument </td></tr> <tr> <td>Florida</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Taylor" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Taylor">Fort Taylor</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Key_West" title="Key West">Key West</a></td> <td>Key West</td> <td>Third System, Endicott</td> <td>1860</td> <td>1946</td> <td>1974</td> <td>State park </td></tr> <tr> <td>Florida</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Jefferson,_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Jefferson, Florida">Fort Jefferson</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dry_Tortugas" class="mw-redirect" title="Dry Tortugas">Dry Tortugas</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida_Keys" title="Florida Keys">Florida Keys</a></td> <td>Third System</td> <td>1861</td> <td>1888</td> <td>1888</td> <td>National park </td></tr> <tr> <td>Florida</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Brooke" title="Fort Brooke">Fort Brooke</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tampa" class="mw-redirect" title="Tampa">Tampa</a></td> <td>Tampa</td> <td>Wooden fort</td> <td>1824</td> <td>1883</td> <td>1883</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tampa_Bay_History_Center" title="Tampa Bay History Center">Tampa Bay History Center</a> now on site </td></tr> <tr> <td>Florida</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Dade" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Dade">Fort Dade</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Egmont_Key_State_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Egmont Key State Park">Egmont Key</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tampa_Bay" title="Tampa Bay">Tampa Bay</a></td> <td>Endicott</td> <td>1899</td> <td>1926</td> <td>1946</td> <td>State park </td></tr> <tr> <td>Florida</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_De_Soto" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort De Soto">Fort De Soto</a></td> <td>Mullet Key</td> <td>Tampa Bay</td> <td>Endicott</td> <td>1902</td> <td>1921</td> <td>1944</td> <td>State park, rearmed with <a href="/wiki/Panama_mount" title="Panama mount">Panama mounts</a> in WWII, guns and mortars on site </td></tr> <tr> <td>Florida</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Barrancas" title="Fort Barrancas">Fort Barrancas</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pensacola,_Florida" title="Pensacola, Florida">Pensacola</a></td> <td>Pensacola</td> <td>Colonial, Third System</td> <td>1787</td> <td>1900?</td> <td>1971</td> <td>National park, now on <a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_Pensacola" title="Naval Air Station Pensacola">Naval Air Station Pensacola</a>, Advanced Redoubt nearby </td></tr> <tr> <td>Florida</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_George_(Pensacola,_Florida)" title="Fort George (Pensacola, Florida)">Fort George</a>/Fort St. Michael</td> <td>Pensacola</td> <td>Pensacola</td> <td>Colonial</td> <td>1772</td> <td>1814</td> <td>1814?</td> <td>Partial reconstruction on site </td></tr> <tr> <td>Florida</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Pickens" title="Fort Pickens">Fort Pickens</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa_Island,_Florida" title="Santa Rosa Island, Florida">Santa Rosa Island</a></td> <td>Pensacola</td> <td>Third System, Endicott, Interwar</td> <td>1834</td> <td>1947</td> <td>1947</td> <td>Part of <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Islands_National_Seashore" title="Gulf Islands National Seashore">Gulf Islands National Seashore</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Florida</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_McRee" title="Fort McRee">Fort McRee</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Perdido_Key" title="Perdido Key">Perdido Key</a></td> <td>Pensacola</td> <td>Third System, Endicott</td> <td>1839</td> <td>1920</td> <td>1947</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Pulaski_National_Monument" title="Fort Pulaski National Monument">Fort Pulaski</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cockspur_Island" title="Cockspur Island">Cockspur Island</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Savannah,_Georgia" title="Savannah, Georgia">Savannah</a></td> <td>Third System, 1870s</td> <td>1847</td> <td>1900?</td> <td>1924</td> <td>National Monument </td></tr> <tr> <td>Georgia</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Screven" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Screven">Fort Screven</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tybee_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Tybee Island">Tybee Island</a></td> <td>Savannah</td> <td>Endicott</td> <td>1899</td> <td>1920</td> <td>1944</td> <td>rearmed with <a href="/wiki/Panama_mount" title="Panama mount">Panama mounts</a> in WWII, museum on site </td></tr> <tr> <td>Georgia</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_James_Jackson" title="Fort James Jackson">Fort James Jackson</a>/Fort Oglethorpe</td> <td>Savannah</td> <td>Savannah</td> <td>Second System, Third System</td> <td>1812</td> <td>1905</td> <td>1905</td> <td>National Historic Landmark </td></tr> <tr> <td>Georgia</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_McAllister_Historic_State_Park" title="Fort McAllister Historic State Park">Fort McAllister Historic State Park</a>/Fort McAllister</td> <td>Richmond Hill</td> <td>Savannah</td> <td>Civil War</td> <td>1861</td> <td>1865?</td> <td>1865?</td> <td>Confederate-built, state park </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Georgia</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_Greene_(Georgia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fort Greene (Georgia) (page does not exist)">Fort Greene</a></td> <td>Cockspur Island</td> <td>Savannah</td> <td>First System</td> <td>1796</td> <td>1804</td> <td>1804</td> <td>Destroyed by hurricane 1804 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Georgia</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Peter" title="Battle of Fort Peter">Fort at Point Petre</a>/Fort Point Peter</td> <td><a href="/wiki/St._Marys,_Georgia" title="St. Marys, Georgia">St. Marys</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/St._Marys_River_(Florida%E2%80%93Georgia)" title="St. Marys River (Florida–Georgia)">The St. Marys</a></td> <td>First System</td> <td>1800</td> <td>1815</td> <td>1870</td> <td>Burned by British 1815 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_Fort_Elizabeth" title="Russian Fort Elizabeth">Fort Elizabeth</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Waimea,_Kauai_County,_Hawaii" title="Waimea, Kauai County, Hawaii">Waimea</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kauai" title="Kauai">Kauai</a></td> <td>Colonial</td> <td>1817</td> <td>1853</td> <td>1853</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a>-built, occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Hawaii">Kingdom of Hawaii</a> within a year, now state park </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hawaii</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Ruger" title="Fort Ruger">Fort Ruger</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Diamond_Head,_Hawaii" title="Diamond Head, Hawaii">Diamond Head</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu</a></td> <td>Taft, Interwar, World War II</td> <td>1910</td> <td>1946</td> <td>1974</td> <td>Part of <a href="/wiki/Diamond_Head,_Hawaii" title="Diamond Head, Hawaii">Diamond Head State Monument</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hawaii</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Armstrong_(Hawaii)" title="Fort Armstrong (Hawaii)">Fort Armstrong</a></td> <td>Honolulu</td> <td>Honolulu</td> <td>Taft, Interwar, World War II</td> <td>1911</td> <td>1949</td> <td>1974</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hawaii</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_DeRussy_(Hawaii)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort DeRussy (Hawaii)">Fort DeRussy</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Waikiki" title="Waikiki">Waikiki</a></td> <td>Honolulu</td> <td>Taft</td> <td>1913</td> <td>1946</td> <td></td> <td>Military rec center, museum on site </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hawaii</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_Barrette&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fort Barrette (page does not exist)">Fort Barrette</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kapolei,_Hawaii" title="Kapolei, Hawaii">Kapolei</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor">Pearl Harbor</a></td> <td>Interwar</td> <td>1937</td> <td>1948</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hawaii</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_Weaver&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fort Weaver (page does not exist)">Fort Weaver</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Puuloa,_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Puuloa, Hawaii">Puuloa</a></td> <td>Pearl Harbor</td> <td>Interwar</td> <td>1924</td> <td>1948</td> <td>1948</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hawaii</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Kamehameha" title="Fort Kamehameha">Fort Kamehameha</a></td> <td>Queen Emma Point</td> <td>Pearl Harbor</td> <td>Taft, Interwar</td> <td>1913</td> <td>1949</td> <td></td> <td>Now part of <a href="/wiki/Hickam_Air_Force_Base" title="Hickam Air Force Base">Hickam AFB</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hawaii</td> <td>Battery Arizona</td> <td>Kahe Point</td> <td>Pearl Harbor</td> <td>World War II</td> <td>1945</td> <td>1946</td> <td>1948</td> <td>Site of a gun turret from <a href="/wiki/USS_Arizona" title="USS Arizona">USS <i>Arizona</i> (BB-39)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hawaii</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Hase" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Hase">Fort Hase</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mokapu_Point" title="Mokapu Point">Mokapu Point</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kaneohe_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaneohe Bay">Kaneohe Bay</a></td> <td>World War II</td> <td>1942</td> <td>1948</td> <td></td> <td>Now part of <a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Base_Hawaii" title="Marine Corps Base Hawaii">Marine Corps Base Hawaii</a>, includes site of a gun turret from <a href="/wiki/USS_Arizona" title="USS Arizona">USS <i>Arizona</i> (BB-39)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Jackson,_Louisiana" title="Fort Jackson, Louisiana">Fort Jackson</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Triumph,_Louisiana" title="Triumph, Louisiana">Triumph</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">The Mississippi</a></td> <td>Third System, Endicott</td> <td>1832</td> <td>1920</td> <td>1922</td> <td>Parish park </td></tr> <tr> <td>Louisiana</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_St._Philip" title="Fort St. Philip">Fort St. Philip</a>/Fort San Felipe</td> <td>Triumph</td> <td>The Mississippi</td> <td>Colonial, Second System, Endicott</td> <td>1795</td> <td>1920</td> <td>1922</td> <td>Privately held </td></tr> <tr> <td>Louisiana</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Livingston,_Louisiana" title="Fort Livingston, Louisiana">Fort Livingston</a></td> <td>Grand Terre Island</td> <td>The Mississippi</td> <td>Third System</td> <td>1861</td> <td>1889</td> <td>1889</td> <td>Ruined </td></tr> <tr> <td>Louisiana</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Pike" title="Fort Pike">Fort Pike</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a></td> <td>New Orleans</td> <td>Third System</td> <td>1827</td> <td>1884</td> <td>1890</td> <td>State historic site </td></tr> <tr> <td>Louisiana</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Macomb" title="Fort Macomb">Fort Macomb</a>/Fort Wood</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chef_Menteur_Pass" title="Chef Menteur Pass">Chef Menteur Pass</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a></td> <td>Third System</td> <td>1827</td> <td>1867</td> <td>1871</td> <td>State historic site </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Sullivan_(Maine)" title="Fort Sullivan (Maine)">Fort Sullivan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eastport,_Maine" title="Eastport, Maine">Eastport</a></td> <td>Eastport</td> <td>Second System</td> <td>1809</td> <td>1873</td> <td>1877</td> <td>National historic site </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maine</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_O%27Brien" title="Fort O'Brien">Fort O'Brien</a>/Fort Machias</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Machiasport,_Maine" title="Machiasport, Maine">Machiasport</a></td> <td>Machiasport</td> <td>Revolutionary War, Second System, Civil War</td> <td>1775</td> <td>1865</td> <td>1865</td> <td>State park </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maine</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_George_(Castine,_Maine)" title="Fort George (Castine, Maine)">Fort George</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Castine,_Maine" title="Castine, Maine">Castine</a></td> <td>Castine</td> <td>Colonial (Revolutionary War, War of 1812)</td> <td>1779</td> <td>1819</td> <td>1819</td> <td>State park, British-built in both wars </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maine</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Edgecomb" title="Fort Edgecomb">Fort Edgecomb</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edgecomb,_Maine" title="Edgecomb, Maine">Edgecomb</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wiscasset,_Maine" title="Wiscasset, Maine">Wiscasset</a></td> <td>Second System</td> <td>1809</td> <td>1816</td> <td>1865</td> <td>State historic site </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maine</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Knox_(Maine)" title="Fort Knox (Maine)">Fort Knox</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prospect,_Maine" title="Prospect, Maine">Prospect</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Penobscot_River" title="Penobscot River">The Penobscot</a></td> <td>Third System</td> <td>1863</td> <td>1916</td> <td>1923</td> <td>State park </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maine</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Pownall" title="Fort Pownall">Fort Pownall</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stockton_Springs,_Maine" title="Stockton Springs, Maine">Stockton Springs</a></td> <td>The Penobscot</td> <td>Colonial, Revolutionary War</td> <td>1759</td> <td>1776</td> <td>1776</td> <td>State park, foundations remain </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maine</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Popham" title="Fort Popham">Fort Popham</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Phippsburg,_Maine" title="Phippsburg, Maine">Phippsburg</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Coast_Defenses_of_the_Kennebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Coast Defenses of the Kennebec">The Kennebec</a></td> <td>Third System, Endicott</td> <td>1863</td> <td>1904</td> <td>1924</td> <td>State park, used to support <a href="/wiki/Fort_Baldwin" title="Fort Baldwin">Fort Baldwin</a> in WWII </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maine</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Baldwin" title="Fort Baldwin">Fort Baldwin</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Phippsburg,_Maine" title="Phippsburg, Maine">Phippsburg</a></td> <td>The Kennebec</td> <td>Taft</td> <td>1908</td> <td>1924</td> <td>1945</td> <td>State park, rearmed with <a href="/wiki/Panama_mount" title="Panama mount">Panama mounts</a> in WWII </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maine</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Allen_(Maine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Allen (Maine)">Fort Allen</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Portland,_Maine" title="Portland, Maine">Portland</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harbor_Defenses_of_Portland" title="Harbor Defenses of Portland">Portland</a></td> <td>Revolutionary War, War of 1812</td> <td>1775</td> <td>1815</td> <td>1821</td> <td>City park, a few earthworks remain </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maine</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Sumner_(Maine)" title="Fort Sumner (Maine)">Fort Sumner</a></td> <td>Portland</td> <td>Portland</td> <td>First System</td> <td>1794</td> <td>1815</td> <td>1821</td> <td>City park, nothing remains </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maine</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Preble" title="Fort Preble">Fort Preble</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Portland,_Maine" title="South Portland, Maine">South Portland</a></td> <td>Portland</td> <td>Second System, Third System, Civil War, 1870s, Endicott</td> <td>1808</td> <td>1946</td> <td>1950</td> <td>Now <a href="/wiki/Southern_Maine_Community_College" title="Southern Maine Community College">Southern Maine Community College</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maine</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Scammel" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Scammel">Fort Scammel</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/House_Island_(Maine)" title="House Island (Maine)">House Island</a></td> <td>Portland</td> <td>Second System, Third System, 1870s</td> <td>1808</td> <td>1902</td> <td>1919?</td> <td>Private island </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maine</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Gorges" title="Fort Gorges">Fort Gorges</a></td> <td>Hog Island Ledge</td> <td>Portland</td> <td>Third System</td> <td>1865</td> <td>1898</td> <td>1959</td> <td>10-inch <a href="/wiki/Parrott_rifle" title="Parrott rifle">Parrott rifle</a> on roof of fort </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maine</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Williams_(Maine)" title="Fort Williams (Maine)">Fort Williams</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cape_Elizabeth,_Maine" title="Cape Elizabeth, Maine">Cape Elizabeth</a></td> <td>Portland</td> <td>Endicott</td> <td>1898</td> <td>1946</td> <td>1962</td> <td>Town park, most batteries buried </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maine</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Levett" title="Fort Levett">Fort Levett</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cushing_Island,_Maine" class="mw-redirect" title="Cushing Island, Maine">Cushing Island</a></td> <td>Portland</td> <td>Endicott, Interwar</td> <td>1903</td> <td>1948</td> <td>1950?</td> <td>Private island </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maine</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_McKinley_(Maine)" title="Fort McKinley (Maine)">Fort McKinley</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Great_Diamond_Island,_Maine" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Diamond Island, Maine">Great Diamond Island</a></td> <td>Portland</td> <td>Endicott</td> <td>1901</td> <td>1947</td> <td>1950?</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maine</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Lyon_(Maine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Lyon (Maine)">Fort Lyon</a></td> <td>Cow Island</td> <td>Portland</td> <td>Taft</td> <td>1907</td> <td>1946</td> <td>1950?</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maine</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peaks_Island_Military_Reservation" class="mw-redirect" title="Peaks Island Military Reservation">Peaks Island Military Reservation</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peaks_Island" title="Peaks Island">Peaks Island</a></td> <td>Portland</td> <td>World War II</td> <td>1945</td> <td>1948</td> <td>1950?</td> <td>16-inch <a href="/wiki/Battery_Steele" title="Battery Steele">Battery Steele</a> is a national historic site </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maine</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_McClary" title="Fort McClary">Fort McClary</a>/Fort William</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kittery,_Maine" title="Kittery, Maine">Kittery</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harbor_Defenses_of_Portsmouth" title="Harbor Defenses of Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a></td> <td>Colonial, Second System, Third System</td> <td>1689</td> <td>1904</td> <td>1918</td> <td>State historic site </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maine</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Foster_(Kittery,_Maine)" title="Fort Foster (Kittery, Maine)">Fort Foster</a></td> <td>Kittery</td> <td>Portsmouth</td> <td>Endicott</td> <td>1901</td> <td>1946</td> <td>1948</td> <td>Town park </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maine</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Sullivan_(Kittery,_Maine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Sullivan (Kittery, Maine)">Fort Sullivan</a></td> <td>Kittery</td> <td>Portsmouth</td> <td>Revolutionary War, Civil War</td> <td>1775</td> <td>1865</td> <td></td> <td>No remains, site was near <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_Naval_Prison" title="Portsmouth Naval Prison">Portsmouth Naval Prison</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_McHenry" title="Fort McHenry">Fort McHenry</a>/Fort Whetstone</td> <td>Whetstone Point, <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a></td> <td>Baltimore</td> <td>Revolutionary War, First System, 1870s</td> <td>1800</td> <td>1912</td> <td>1925</td> <td>National park, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baltimore" title="Battle of Baltimore">attack on fort</a> in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a> inspired "<a href="/wiki/The_Star-Spangled_Banner" title="The Star-Spangled Banner">The Star-Spangled Banner</a>", great cannon collection </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maryland</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Carroll" title="Fort Carroll">Fort Carroll</a></td> <td>Soller's Point Flats, <a href="/wiki/Patapsco_River" title="Patapsco River">Patapsco River</a></td> <td>Baltimore</td> <td>Third System, Endicott</td> <td>1847</td> <td>1920</td> <td>1923</td> <td>On an island near the <a href="/wiki/Francis_Scott_Key_Bridge_(Baltimore)" title="Francis Scott Key Bridge (Baltimore)">Key Bridge</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maryland</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Howard_(Maryland)" title="Fort Howard (Maryland)">Fort Howard</a></td> <td>North Point/<a href="/wiki/Fort_Howard,_Maryland" title="Fort Howard, Maryland">Fort Howard</a></td> <td>Baltimore</td> <td>Endicott</td> <td>1899</td> <td>1927</td> <td>1971</td> <td>Park, <a href="/wiki/Veterans_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Veterans Administration">Veterans Administration</a> hospital </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maryland</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Armistead" title="Fort Armistead">Fort Armistead</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hawkins_Point,_Baltimore" title="Hawkins Point, Baltimore">Hawkins Point</a></td> <td>Baltimore</td> <td>Endicott</td> <td>1900</td> <td>1920</td> <td>1947</td> <td>City park </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maryland</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Smallwood_Park" title="Fort Smallwood Park">Fort Smallwood</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Riviera_Beach,_Maryland" title="Riviera Beach, Maryland">Riviera Beach</a></td> <td>Baltimore</td> <td>Endicott</td> <td>1900</td> <td>1927</td> <td>1928</td> <td>County park </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maryland</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_Madison_(Maryland)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fort Madison (Maryland) (page does not exist)">Fort Madison</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Academy" title="United States Naval Academy">United States Naval Academy</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Annapolis,_Maryland" title="Annapolis, Maryland">Annapolis</a></td> <td>Second System</td> <td>1808</td> <td>1873</td> <td></td> <td>Demolished 1909 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maryland</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Severn" title="Fort Severn">Fort Severn</a></td> <td>United States Naval Academy</td> <td>Annapolis</td> <td>Second System</td> <td>1808</td> <td>1865</td> <td></td> <td>Demolished 1909 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maryland</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Washington_Park" title="Fort Washington Park">Fort Washington</a>/Fort Warburton</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Washington,_Maryland" title="Fort Washington, Maryland">Fort Washington</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Potomac_River" title="Potomac River">The Potomac</a></td> <td>Second System, Third System, 1870s, Endicott</td> <td>1809</td> <td>1929</td> <td>1946</td> <td>National park, Second System fort destroyed in <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maryland</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Foote" title="Fort Foote">Fort Foote</a></td> <td>Fort Washington</td> <td>The Potomac</td> <td>Civil War</td> <td>1863</td> <td>1902</td> <td>1946</td> <td>National park </td></tr> <tr> <td>Massachusetts</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_at_Salisbury_Point" title="Fort at Salisbury Point">Fort at Salisbury Point</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Beach_State_Reservation" title="Salisbury Beach State Reservation">Salisbury Beach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salisbury,_Massachusetts" title="Salisbury, Massachusetts">Salisbury</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Merrimack_River" title="Merrimack River">The Merrimack</a></td> <td>Civil War</td> <td>1863</td> <td>1865</td> <td>1865</td> <td>No remains due to beach erosion </td></tr> <tr> <td>Massachusetts</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Philip" title="Fort Philip">Fort Philip</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plum_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Plum Island (Massachusetts)">Plum Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newburyport,_Massachusetts" title="Newburyport, Massachusetts">Newburyport</a></td> <td>The Merrimack</td> <td>Revolutionary War, Second System</td> <td>1776</td> <td>1815</td> <td>1815</td> <td>No remains due to beach erosion </td></tr> <tr> <td>Massachusetts</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Point_Fort" title="Eastern Point Fort">Eastern Point Fort</a></td> <td>Eastern Point, <a href="/wiki/Gloucester,_Massachusetts" title="Gloucester, Massachusetts">Gloucester</a></td> <td>Gloucester</td> <td>Civil War</td> <td>1863</td> <td>1867</td> <td>1867</td> <td>Part of fort remains </td></tr> <tr> <td>Massachusetts</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Defiance_(Massachusetts)" title="Fort Defiance (Massachusetts)">Fort Defiance</a>/Fort at Gloucester/Fort Lillie/Fort Anne</td> <td>Fort Point, Gloucester</td> <td>Gloucester</td> <td>Colonial, First System, Second System</td> <td>1703</td> <td>1865</td> <td>1920?</td> <td>Burned in 1833 and rebuilt 1851, but probably not to Third System standards; nothing remains </td></tr> <tr> <td>Massachusetts</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stage_Fort" title="Stage Fort">Stage Fort</a>/Fort Gloucester/Fort Conant/others</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stage_Fort_Park" title="Stage Fort Park">Stage Fort Park</a>, Gloucester</td> <td>Gloucester</td> <td>Colonial, Revolutionary War, Civil War</td> <td>1635</td> <td>1865</td> <td>1898</td> <td>Reconstructed, city park </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Pickering" title="Fort Pickering">Fort Pickering</a>/Salem Barracks/Fort Anne/Fort William</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Winter_Island" title="Winter Island">Winter Island</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salem,_Massachusetts" title="Salem, Massachusetts">Salem</a></td> <td>Colonial, First System, Second System, Civil War</td> <td>1655</td> <td>1900</td> <td>1971</td> <td>Part of Winter Island Marine Park </td></tr> <tr> <td>Massachusetts</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Miller_(Massachusetts)" title="Fort Miller (Massachusetts)">Fort Miller</a>/Fort Darby/Darby's Fort</td> <td>Naugus Head, Marblehead</td> <td>Marblehead</td> <td>Colonial, Revolutionary War, Second System, Civil War, Spanish–American War</td> <td>1632</td> <td>1900?</td> <td>1900?</td> <td>Demolished </td></tr> <tr> <td>Massachusetts</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Sewall" title="Fort Sewall">Fort Sewall</a>/Gale's Head Fort</td> <td>Gale's Head, <a href="/wiki/Marblehead,_Massachusetts" title="Marblehead, Massachusetts">Marblehead</a></td> <td>Marblehead</td> <td>Colonial, Revolutionary War, First System, Second System, Civil War</td> <td>1634</td> <td>1892</td> <td>1922</td> <td>City park </td></tr> <tr> <td>Massachusetts</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Independence_(Massachusetts)" title="Fort Independence (Massachusetts)">Fort Independence</a>/Castle William/Fort Adams</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Castle_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Castle Island (Massachusetts)">Castle Island</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harbor_Defenses_of_Boston" title="Harbor Defenses of Boston">Boston</a></td> <td>Colonial, Revolutionary War, First System, Third System</td> <td>1634</td> <td>1908</td> <td>1946</td> <td>National Historic Site </td></tr> <tr> <td>Massachusetts</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Warren_(Massachusetts)" title="Fort Warren (Massachusetts)">Fort Warren</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georges_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Georges Island (Massachusetts)">Georges Island</a></td> <td>Boston</td> <td>Third System, Endicott</td> <td>1861</td> <td>1945</td> <td>1958</td> <td>Part of <a href="/wiki/Boston_Harbor_Islands_National_Recreation_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area">Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Massachusetts</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Winthrop" title="Fort Winthrop">Fort Winthrop</a>/Fort Warren</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Governors_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Governors Island (Massachusetts)">Governors Island</a></td> <td>Boston</td> <td>Second System, Third System, 1870s</td> <td>1808</td> <td>1905</td> <td>1905?</td> <td>Island now part of <a href="/wiki/Logan_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Logan Airport">Logan Airport</a>, renamed Fort Winthrop 1833, magazine explosion 1902, demolished 1941 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Massachusetts</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Banks_(Massachusetts)" title="Fort Banks (Massachusetts)">Fort Banks</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Winthrop,_Massachusetts" title="Winthrop, Massachusetts">Winthrop</a></td> <td>Boston</td> <td>Endicott</td> <td>1896</td> <td>1943</td> <td>1947</td> <td>Partially re-used </td></tr> <tr> <td>Massachusetts</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Heath" title="Fort Heath">Fort Heath</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grovers_Cliff" title="Grovers Cliff">Grovers Cliff</a></td> <td>Boston</td> <td>Endicott</td> <td>1901</td> <td>1946</td> <td>1969</td> <td>Batteries demolished, town park </td></tr> <tr> <td>Massachusetts</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Standish_(Boston,_Massachusetts)" title="Fort Standish (Boston, Massachusetts)">Fort Standish</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lovells_Island" title="Lovells Island">Lovells Island</a></td> <td>Boston</td> <td>Endicott</td> <td>1904</td> <td>1947</td> <td>1947</td> <td>Part of <a href="/wiki/Boston_Harbor_Islands_National_Recreation_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area">Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Massachusetts</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Strong" title="Fort Strong">Fort Strong</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Long_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Long Island (Massachusetts)">Long Island</a></td> <td>Boston</td> <td>Endicott</td> <td>1899</td> <td>1947</td> <td>1961</td> <td>Bridge demolished </td></tr> <tr> <td>Massachusetts</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Andrews" title="Fort Andrews">Fort Andrews</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peddocks_Island" title="Peddocks Island">Peddocks Island</a></td> <td>Boston</td> <td>Endicott</td> <td>1904</td> <td>1947</td> <td>1957</td> <td>City park </td></tr> <tr> <td>Massachusetts</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Revere" title="Fort Revere">Fort Revere</a>/Fort Independence</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hull,_Massachusetts" title="Hull, Massachusetts">Hull</a></td> <td>Boston</td> <td>Revolutionary War, Endicott</td> <td>1776</td> <td>1946</td> <td>1950?</td> <td>Probably inactive 1782–1901, regional park </td></tr> <tr> <td>Massachusetts</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Duvall" title="Fort Duvall">Fort Duvall</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spinnaker_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Spinnaker Island (Massachusetts)">Spinnaker Island</a>/Hog Island</td> <td>Boston</td> <td>Interwar</td> <td>1927</td> <td>1948</td> <td>1974</td> <td>Built on, gated island community </td></tr> <tr> <td>Massachusetts</td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Point_Military_Reservation" title="East Point Military Reservation">East Point Military Reservation</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nahant,_Massachusetts" title="Nahant, Massachusetts">Nahant</a></td> <td>Boston</td> <td>World War II</td> <td>1943</td> <td>1948</td> <td>1962</td> <td>Part of <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_University" title="Northeastern University">Northeastern University</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Massachusetts</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Ruckman" title="Fort Ruckman">Fort Ruckman</a></td> <td>Nahant</td> <td>Boston</td> <td>Interwar</td> <td>1924</td> <td>1946</td> <td>1962</td> <td>Partly buried, town park </td></tr> <tr> <td>Massachusetts</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Dawes" title="Fort Dawes">Fort Dawes</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Deer_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Deer Island (Massachusetts)">Deer Island</a></td> <td>Boston</td> <td>World War II</td> <td>1944</td> <td>1948</td> <td>1963</td> <td>Not armed, demolished for wastewater plant </td></tr> <tr> <td>Massachusetts</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Andrew" title="Fort Andrew">Fort Andrew</a>/Gurnet Fort</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gurnet_Point" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurnet Point">Gurnet Point</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plymouth,_Massachusetts" title="Plymouth, Massachusetts">Plymouth</a></td> <td>Plymouth</td> <td>Revolutionary War, Second System, Civil War</td> <td>1776</td> <td>1869</td> <td>1926</td> <td>Earthworks remain, <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Light" title="Plymouth Light">Plymouth Light</a> on site, private property </td></tr> <tr> <td>Massachusetts</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Standish_(Plymouth,_Massachusetts)" title="Fort Standish (Plymouth, Massachusetts)">Fort Standish</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saquish" title="Saquish">Saquish</a> Head, Plymouth</td> <td>Plymouth</td> <td>Civil War</td> <td>1863</td> <td>1870</td> <td>1925</td> <td>Earthworks remain, private property </td></tr> <tr> <td>Massachusetts</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Rodman" title="Fort Rodman">Fort Rodman</a>/Fort at Clark's Point</td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Bedford,_Massachusetts" title="New Bedford, Massachusetts">New Bedford</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harbor_Defenses_of_New_Bedford" title="Harbor Defenses of New Bedford">New Bedford</a></td> <td>Third System, Endicott</td> <td>1863</td> <td>1946</td> <td>1975?</td> <td>Town park </td></tr> <tr> <td>Massachusetts</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Rodman" title="Fort Rodman">Fort Taber</a></td> <td>New Bedford</td> <td>New Bedford</td> <td>Civil War</td> <td>1861</td> <td>1863</td> <td>1865</td> <td>Built and garrisoned with city resources near Fort Rodman and named after mayor, town park </td></tr> <tr> <td>Massachusetts</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Phoenix" title="Fort Phoenix">Fort Phoenix</a>/Fort Fearing</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fairhaven,_Massachusetts" title="Fairhaven, Massachusetts">Fairhaven</a></td> <td>New Bedford</td> <td>Revolutionary War, First System, Second System</td> <td>1775</td> <td>1866?</td> <td>1922</td> <td>Built and rebuilt with state resources, state park </td></tr> <tr> <td>Massachusetts</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Acushnet_Fort" title="Acushnet Fort">Acushnet Fort</a></td> <td>Eldridge Point, New Bedford</td> <td>New Bedford</td> <td>Revolutionary War, Second System</td> <td>1776</td> <td>1815?</td> <td>1820?</td> <td>Location uncertain, possibly at later Fort Taber/Fort Rodman </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Massachusetts_(Mississippi)" title="Fort Massachusetts (Mississippi)">Fort Massachusetts</a>/Fort on Ship Island/Fort Twiggs</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ship_Island_(Mississippi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ship Island (Mississippi)">West Ship Island</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gulfport,_Mississippi" title="Gulfport, Mississippi">Gulfport</a></td> <td>Third System, Civil War</td> <td>1861</td> <td>1903</td> <td></td> <td>Part of <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Islands_National_Seashore" title="Gulf Islands National Seashore">Gulf Islands National Seashore</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Constitution">Fort Constitution</a>/Fort Castle/Fort William and Mary</td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Castle,_New_Hampshire" title="New Castle, New Hampshire">New Castle Island</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harbor_Defenses_of_Portsmouth" title="Harbor Defenses of Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a></td> <td>Colonial, First System, Second System, Civil War, Endicott</td> <td>1631</td> <td>1942</td> <td></td> <td>Coast Guard station and state park </td></tr> <tr> <td>New Hampshire</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Stark" title="Fort Stark">Fort Stark</a>/Battery Cumberland</td> <td>Jerry's Point/Jaffrey's Point, New Castle Island</td> <td>Portsmouth</td> <td>Colonial, Revolutionary War, First System, 1870s, Endicott</td> <td>1746</td> <td>1945</td> <td>1983</td> <td>State historic site, unique HECP remains </td></tr> <tr> <td>New Hampshire</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Washington_(New_Hampshire)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Washington (New Hampshire)">Fort Washington</a></td> <td>Peirce's Island, Portsmouth</td> <td>Portsmouth</td> <td>Revolutionary War</td> <td>1775</td> <td>1815</td> <td>1815</td> <td>Some earthworks remain near water treatment plant </td></tr> <tr> <td>New Hampshire</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Dearborn_(New_Hampshire)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Dearborn (New Hampshire)">Fort Dearborn</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rye,_New_Hampshire" title="Rye, New Hampshire">Rye</a></td> <td>Portsmouth</td> <td>World War II</td> <td>1942</td> <td>1948</td> <td>1959</td> <td>State park </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Hancock,_New_Jersey" title="Fort Hancock, New Jersey">Fort Hancock</a>/Fort on Sandy Hook</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Hook,_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandy Hook, New Jersey">Sandy Hook</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harbor_Defenses_of_Southern_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Harbor Defenses of Southern New York">Southern New York</a></td> <td>Third System, Endicott, Taft, Interwar</td> <td>1865</td> <td>1948</td> <td>1974</td> <td>Third System fort mostly demolished, adjacent to former <a href="/wiki/Sandy_Hook_Proving_Ground" title="Sandy Hook Proving Ground">Sandy Hook Proving Ground</a>, part of <a href="/wiki/Gateway_National_Recreation_Area" title="Gateway National Recreation Area">Gateway National Recreation Area</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>New Jersey</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Highlands_Military_Reservation" class="mw-redirect" title="Highlands Military Reservation">Highlands Military Reservation</a>/<a href="/wiki/Navesink_Military_Reservation" class="mw-redirect" title="Navesink Military Reservation">Navesink Military Reservation</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Highlands,_New_Jersey" title="Highlands, New Jersey">Highlands</a></td> <td>Southern New York</td> <td>World War I, World War II</td> <td>1917</td> <td>1949</td> <td>1974</td> <td>Now <a href="/wiki/Hartshorne_Woods_Park" title="Hartshorne Woods Park">Hartshorne Woods Park</a>, 16-inch gun on site </td></tr> <tr> <td>New Jersey</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Lee_Historic_Park" title="Fort Lee Historic Park">Fort Lee</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Lee,_New_Jersey" title="Fort Lee, New Jersey">Fort Lee</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Palisades" class="mw-redirect" title="Hudson Palisades">Palisades</a></td> <td>Revolutionary War</td> <td>1776</td> <td>1783?</td> <td>1783?</td> <td>Site now Monument Park with museum </td></tr> <tr> <td>New Jersey</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Billingsport" title="Fort Billingsport">Fort Billingsport</a>/Fort Billings</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Billingsport,_New_Jersey" title="Billingsport, New Jersey">Billingsport</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harbor_Defenses_of_the_Delaware" title="Harbor Defenses of the Delaware">Philadelphia</a></td> <td>Revolutionary War</td> <td>1777</td> <td>1781</td> <td>1834</td> <td>Destroyed 1777, rebuilt 1778, local park, no remains </td></tr> <tr> <td>New Jersey</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Mercer" title="Fort Mercer">Fort Mercer</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Park,_New_Jersey" title="National Park, New Jersey">National Park</a>/Red Bank</td> <td>Philadelphia</td> <td>Revolutionary War</td> <td>1777</td> <td>1781?</td> <td>1781?</td> <td>County park </td></tr> <tr> <td>New Jersey</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Mott_(New_Jersey)" title="Fort Mott (New Jersey)">Fort Mott</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pennsville_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Pennsville Township, New Jersey">Pennsville</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harbor_Defenses_of_the_Delaware" title="Harbor Defenses of the Delaware">The Delaware</a></td> <td>1870s, Endicott</td> <td>1899</td> <td>1943</td> <td>1947</td> <td>1870s work incomplete, state park, near <a href="/wiki/Fort_Delaware" title="Fort Delaware">Fort Delaware</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>New Jersey</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>See New York entries for Fort Wood, <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Island" title="Liberty Island">Liberty Island</a>/Bedloe's Island and Fort Gibson, <a href="/wiki/Ellis_Island" title="Ellis Island">Ellis Island</a>/Oyster Island </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Amsterdam" title="Fort Amsterdam">Fort Amsterdam</a>/<a href="/wiki/Fort_George,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort George, New York">Fort George</a>/other names</td> <td>Lower <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harbor_Defenses_of_New_York" title="Harbor Defenses of New York">New York City</a></td> <td>Colonial</td> <td>1626</td> <td>1788</td> <td>1790</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton_U.S._Custom_House" title="Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House">Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House</a> now on site </td></tr> <tr> <td>New York</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Washington_(Manhattan)" title="Fort Washington (Manhattan)">Fort Washington</a>/Fort Knyphausen</td> <td>Manhattan</td> <td>Upper Manhattan</td> <td>Revolutionary War</td> <td>1776</td> <td>1783?</td> <td>1783?</td> <td>Site is now <a href="/wiki/Bennett_Park_(New_York_City)" title="Bennett Park (New York City)">Bennett Park</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>New York</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Jay" title="Fort Jay">Fort Jay</a>/<a href="/wiki/Fort_Columbus" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Columbus">Fort Columbus</a>/Nutten Island batteries</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Governors_Island" title="Governors Island">Governors Island</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></td> <td>Revolutionary War, First System, Second System, Civil War</td> <td>1776</td> <td>1904</td> <td>1997</td> <td>Rebuilt and renamed Fort Columbus 1808–1904, national park </td></tr> <tr> <td>New York</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Castle_Williams" title="Castle Williams">Castle Williams</a></td> <td>Governors Island</td> <td>New York City</td> <td>Second System</td> <td>1811</td> <td>1895</td> <td>1997</td> <td>National park </td></tr> <tr> <td>New York</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wood_(New_York_and_New_Jersey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Wood (New York and New Jersey)">Fort Wood</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Island" title="Liberty Island">Liberty Island</a>/Bedloe's Island</td> <td>New York City</td> <td>Second System</td> <td>1811</td> <td>1885</td> <td>1937</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty" title="Statue of Liberty">Statue of Liberty</a> built on top of fort, national park </td></tr> <tr> <td>New York</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Gibson_(New_York_and_New_Jersey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Gibson (New York and New Jersey)">Fort Gibson</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ellis_Island" title="Ellis Island">Ellis Island</a>/Oyster Island</td> <td>New York City</td> <td>First System, Second System</td> <td>1795</td> <td>1861</td> <td>1892</td> <td>National park, fort demolished </td></tr> <tr> <td>New York</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Castle_Clinton" title="Castle Clinton">Castle Clinton</a>/Fort Clinton</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Battery_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Battery Park">Battery Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a></td> <td>New York City</td> <td>Second System</td> <td>1809</td> <td>1821</td> <td>1821</td> <td>City park </td></tr> <tr> <td>New York</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Lafayette" title="Fort Lafayette">Fort Lafayette</a>/Fort Diamond</td> <td>Hendricks Reef, <a href="/wiki/The_Narrows" title="The Narrows">The Narrows</a></td> <td>New York City</td> <td>Second System</td> <td>1818</td> <td>1898</td> <td>1948</td> <td>Offshore of <a href="/wiki/Fort_Hamilton" title="Fort Hamilton">Fort Hamilton</a>, demolished in 1960 for the <a href="/wiki/Verrazano-Narrows_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Verrazano-Narrows Bridge">Verrazano-Narrows Bridge</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>New York</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Gansevoort" title="Fort Gansevoort">Fort Gansevoort</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gansevoort_Street" class="mw-redirect" title="Gansevoort Street">Gansevoort Street</a>, Manhattan</td> <td>New York City</td> <td>Second System</td> <td>1812</td> <td>1849</td> <td>1854</td> <td>demolished, was near west end of Gansevoort Street </td></tr> <tr> <td>New York</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Hamilton" title="Fort Hamilton">Fort Hamilton</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Hamilton,_Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Hamilton, Brooklyn">Fort Hamilton, Brooklyn</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harbor_Defenses_of_Southern_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Harbor Defenses of Southern New York">Southern New York</a></td> <td>Third System, Endicott</td> <td>1831</td> <td>1948</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harbor_Defense_Museum" title="Harbor Defense Museum">Harbor Defense Museum</a> in fort, National Guard and Reserve base, 20-inch <a href="/wiki/Rodman_gun" title="Rodman gun">Rodman gun</a> in nearby park </td></tr> <tr> <td>New York</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wadsworth" title="Fort Wadsworth">Fort Wadsworth</a>/<a href="/wiki/Fort_Tompkins_(Staten_Island)" title="Fort Tompkins (Staten Island)">Fort Tompkins</a>/Fort Richmond (<a href="/wiki/Battery_Weed" title="Battery Weed">Battery Weed</a>)/<a href="/wiki/Flagstaff_Fort" title="Flagstaff Fort">Flagstaff Fort</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a></td> <td>Southern New York</td> <td>Colonial, Revolutionary War, Second System, Third System, Endicott</td> <td>1636</td> <td>1944</td> <td>1994</td> <td>Part of <a href="/wiki/Gateway_National_Recreation_Area" title="Gateway National Recreation Area">Gateway National Recreation Area</a>, history of forts on site is complex </td></tr> <tr> <td>New York</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Tilden" title="Fort Tilden">Fort Tilden</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rockaway,_Queens" title="Rockaway, Queens">Rockaway, Queens</a></td> <td>Southern New York</td> <td>World War I, Interwar</td> <td>1917</td> <td>1948</td> <td>1974</td> <td>Part of <a href="/wiki/Gateway_National_Recreation_Area" title="Gateway National Recreation Area">Gateway National Recreation Area</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>New York</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Slocum_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Slocum (New York)">Fort Slocum</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Davids_Island_(New_York)" title="Davids Island (New York)">Davids Island</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harbor_Defenses_of_Eastern_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Harbor Defenses of Eastern New York">Eastern New York</a></td> <td>Endicott</td> <td>1897</td> <td>1919</td> <td>1965</td> <td>Mostly demolished, no routine access to island </td></tr> <tr> <td>New York</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Schuyler" title="Fort Schuyler">Fort Schuyler</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Throgs_Neck" class="mw-redirect" title="Throgs Neck">Throgs Neck</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">The Bronx</a></td> <td>Eastern New York</td> <td>Third System, Endicott</td> <td>1856</td> <td>1934</td> <td>1934</td> <td><a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York_Maritime_College" title="State University of New York Maritime College">State University of New York Maritime College</a>, Third System fort re-used as offices and classrooms </td></tr> <tr> <td>New York</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Totten_(Queens)" title="Fort Totten (Queens)">Fort Totten</a>/Fort at Willet's Point/Camp Morgan</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bayside,_Queens" title="Bayside, Queens">Bayside, Queens</a></td> <td>Eastern New York</td> <td>Third System, 1870s, Endicott</td> <td>1862</td> <td>1935</td> <td>1995</td> <td>Police and fire training center, other uses </td></tr> <tr> <td>New York</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_H._G._Wright" title="Fort H. G. Wright">Fort H. G. Wright</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fishers_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishers Island">Fishers Island</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harbor_Defenses_of_Long_Island_Sound" title="Harbor Defenses of Long Island Sound">Long Island Sound</a></td> <td>Endicott, World War II</td> <td>1901</td> <td>1946</td> <td>1948</td> <td>Part of fort is a town brush dump </td></tr> <tr> <td>New York</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Michie" title="Fort Michie">Fort Michie</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Great_Gull_Island" title="Great Gull Island">Great Gull Island</a></td> <td>Long Island Sound</td> <td>Endicott, Interwar</td> <td>1900</td> <td>1947</td> <td>1948</td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="American Museum of Natural History">American Museum of Natural History</a> bird sanctuary, has unique 16-inch disappearing emplacement </td></tr> <tr> <td>New York</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Terry" title="Fort Terry">Fort Terry</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plum_Island_(New_York)" title="Plum Island (New York)">Plum Island</a></td> <td>Long Island Sound</td> <td>Endicott, World War II</td> <td>1900</td> <td>1944</td> <td>1954</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plum_Island_Animal_Disease_Center" title="Plum Island Animal Disease Center">USDA animal disease research center</a>, future uncertain </td></tr> <tr> <td>New York</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gardiners_Point_Island" title="Gardiners Point Island">Fort Tyler</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gardiners_Point_Island" title="Gardiners Point Island">Gardiners Point Island</a></td> <td>Long Island Sound</td> <td>Endicott</td> <td>1898</td> <td>1928?</td> <td>1946?</td> <td>WWII target range, island is shifting and fort is breaking up </td></tr> <tr> <td>New York</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Camp_Hero" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp Hero">Camp Hero</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montauk_Point" class="mw-redirect" title="Montauk Point">Montauk Point</a></td> <td>Long Island Sound</td> <td>World War II</td> <td>1944</td> <td>1948</td> <td>1981</td> <td>Large decommissioned <a href="/wiki/AN/FPS-35" title="AN/FPS-35">AN/FPS-35</a> radar on site </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Fisher" title="Fort Fisher">Fort Fisher</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Federal_Point,_North_Carolina" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Point, North Carolina">Federal Point</a>/<a href="/wiki/Pleasure_Island_(North_Carolina)" title="Pleasure Island (North Carolina)">Pleasure Island</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wilmington,_North_Carolina" title="Wilmington, North Carolina">Wilmington</a></td> <td>Civil War</td> <td>1862</td> <td>1865</td> <td>1865</td> <td>Confederate-built </td></tr> <tr> <td>North Carolina</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Caswell" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Caswell">Fort Caswell</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oak_Island_(North_Carolina)" title="Oak Island (North Carolina)">Oak Island</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cape_Fear_River" title="Cape Fear River">The Cape Fear</a></td> <td>Third System, Endicott</td> <td>1836</td> <td>1925</td> <td>1948</td> <td>Rearmed with <a href="/wiki/Panama_mount" title="Panama mount">Panama mounts</a> in WWII, <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_Baptist_Assembly" title="North Carolina Baptist Assembly">North Carolina Baptist Assembly</a> camp since 1949 </td></tr> <tr> <td>North Carolina</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Johnston_(North_Carolina)" title="Fort Johnston (North Carolina)">Fort Johnston</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Southport,_North_Carolina" title="Southport, North Carolina">Southport</a></td> <td>Wilmington</td> <td>Colonial, Revolutionary War, First System</td> <td>1749</td> <td>1881</td> <td>2004</td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_Maritime_Museum" title="North Carolina Maritime Museum">North Carolina Maritime Museum</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>North Carolina</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Macon_State_Park" title="Fort Macon State Park">Fort Macon</a>/<a href="/wiki/Fort_Hampton" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Hampton">Fort Hampton</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bogue_Banks" title="Bogue Banks">Bogue Banks</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beaufort,_North_Carolina" title="Beaufort, North Carolina">Beaufort</a></td> <td>Second System, Third System</td> <td>1811</td> <td>1903</td> <td>1946</td> <td>Area rearmed with 155 mm GPF guns in WWII as THD Beaufort, state park </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Stevens_(Oregon)" title="Fort Stevens (Oregon)">Fort Stevens</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hammond,_Oregon" class="mw-redirect" title="Hammond, Oregon">Hammond</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Columbia_River" title="Columbia River">The Columbia</a></td> <td>Endicott</td> <td>1836</td> <td>1925</td> <td>1948</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Fort_Stevens" title="Bombardment of Fort Stevens">Bombarded by Japanese submarine</a> in WWII, state park </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Mifflin" title="Fort Mifflin">Fort Mifflin</a></td> <td>Mud Island/Deep Water Island</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harbor_Defenses_of_the_Delaware" title="Harbor Defenses of the Delaware">Philadelphia</a></td> <td>Colonial, Revolutionary War, First System, 1870s</td> <td>1777</td> <td>1904</td> <td>1962</td> <td>near airport, <a href="/wiki/Submarine_mines_in_United_States_harbor_defense" title="Submarine mines in United States harbor defense">mine casemates</a> built 1876 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Castillo_San_Felipe_del_Morro" title="Castillo San Felipe del Morro">Castillo San Felipe del Morro</a>/Morro Castle/<a href="/wiki/Fort_Brooke,_Puerto_Rico" title="Fort Brooke, Puerto Rico">Fort Brooke</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico" title="San Juan, Puerto Rico">San Juan</a></td> <td>San Juan</td> <td>Colonial, World War I, World War II</td> <td>1539</td> <td>1950?</td> <td>1961</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Puerto Rico</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Amezquita" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Amezquita">Fort Amezquita</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Isla_de_Cabras" title="Isla de Cabras">Isla de Cabras</a></td> <td>San Juan</td> <td>World War II</td> <td>1941</td> <td>1948</td> <td>1950?</td> <td>Casemated 12-inch gun battery </td></tr> <tr> <td>Puerto Rico</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_Charles_W._Bundy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fort Charles W. Bundy (page does not exist)">Fort Charles W. Bundy</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Roads_Naval_Station" title="Roosevelt Roads Naval Station">Roosevelt Roads Naval Station</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vieques,_Puerto_Rico" title="Vieques, Puerto Rico">Vieques Sound</a></td> <td>World War II</td> <td>1943</td> <td>1947</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Puerto Rico/<a href="/wiki/St._Thomas,_U.S._Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands">St. Thomas</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Segarra" title="Fort Segarra">Fort Segarra</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Water_Island,_U.S._Virgin_Islands" title="Water Island, U.S. Virgin Islands">Water Island, U.S. Virgin Islands</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vieques,_Puerto_Rico" title="Vieques, Puerto Rico">Vieques Sound</a></td> <td>World War II</td> <td>1944</td> <td>1948</td> <td>1952</td> <td>Incomplete 8-inch gun battery, former chemical warfare test site </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Adams" title="Fort Adams">Fort Adams</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Newport,_Rhode_Island" title="Newport, Rhode Island">Newport</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harbor_Defenses_of_Narragansett_Bay" title="Harbor Defenses of Narragansett Bay">Narragansett Bay</a></td> <td>First System, Third System, 1870s, Endicott</td> <td>1799</td> <td>1943</td> <td>1950</td> <td>State park, major Third System fort and Endicott batteries remain </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rhode Island</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wolcott" title="Fort Wolcott">Fort Wolcott</a>/Fort Liberty/Fort Anne</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Goat_Island_(Rhode_Island)" title="Goat Island (Rhode Island)">Goat Island</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Newport,_Rhode_Island" title="Newport, Rhode Island">Newport</a></td> <td>Colonial, Revolutionary War, First System, Second System</td> <td>1703</td> <td>1836</td> <td>1951</td> <td>Various other names over the years, site of former <a href="/wiki/Naval_Torpedo_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval Torpedo Station">Naval Torpedo Station</a> Newport, nothing remains </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rhode Island</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Conanicut_Battery" title="Conanicut Battery">Conanicut Battery</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Rhode_Island" title="Jamestown, Rhode Island">Jamestown</a></td> <td>Jamestown</td> <td>Revolutionary War</td> <td>1776</td> <td>1783</td> <td>1783</td> <td>Town park, earthworks remain </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rhode Island</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Greene_(Newport,_Rhode_Island)" title="Fort Greene (Newport, Rhode Island)">Fort Greene</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Easton%27s_Point" title="Easton's Point">Easton's Point</a>, Newport</td> <td>Newport</td> <td>First System</td> <td>1794</td> <td>1815?</td> <td>1815?</td> <td>City park </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rhode Island</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Hamilton_Historic_District" title="Fort Hamilton Historic District">Fort Hamilton</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rose_Island_(Rhode_Island)" title="Rose Island (Rhode Island)">Rose Island</a></td> <td>Newport</td> <td>Revolutionary War, First System</td> <td>1780</td> <td>1815?</td> <td>1948?</td> <td>Never completed, National Historic Site </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rhode Island</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Dumpling" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Dumpling">Fort Dumpling</a>/Fort Brown</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Rhode_Island" title="Jamestown, Rhode Island">Jamestown</a></td> <td>Newport</td> <td>Colonial, Revolutionary War, First System</td> <td>1776</td> <td>1824</td> <td>1824?</td> <td>Remains destroyed for <a href="/wiki/Fort_Wetherill" title="Fort Wetherill">Fort Wetherill</a> 1898 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rhode Island</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wetherill" title="Fort Wetherill">Fort Wetherill</a></td> <td>Jamestown</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harbor_Defenses_of_Narragansett_Bay" title="Harbor Defenses of Narragansett Bay">Narragansett Bay</a></td> <td>Endicott, Taft</td> <td>1901</td> <td>1947</td> <td>1947</td> <td>State park, most batteries remain </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rhode Island</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Burnside" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Burnside">Fort Burnside</a></td> <td>Jamestown</td> <td>Narragansett Bay</td> <td>World War II</td> <td>1942</td> <td>1948</td> <td>1948</td> <td>State park, batteries and large HECP (Harbor Entrance Control Post) remain </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rhode Island</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Getty" title="Fort Getty">Fort Getty</a></td> <td>Jamestown</td> <td>Narragansett Bay</td> <td>Taft</td> <td>1910</td> <td>1946</td> <td>1946?</td> <td>Town RV park, mostly buried </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rhode Island</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Greble_(Rhode_Island)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Greble (Rhode Island)">Fort Greble</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Island_(Rhode_Island)" title="Dutch Island (Rhode Island)">Dutch Island</a></td> <td>Narragansett Bay</td> <td>Endicott</td> <td>1901</td> <td>1942</td> <td>1946?</td> <td>State park, uninhabited island sometimes used for National Guard training </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rhode Island</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Kearny_(Rhode_Island)" title="Fort Kearny (Rhode Island)">Fort Kearny</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saunderstown" class="mw-redirect" title="Saunderstown">Saunderstown</a></td> <td>Narragansett Bay</td> <td>Taft</td> <td>1908</td> <td>1943</td> <td>1946?</td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Rhode_Island" title="University of Rhode Island">University of Rhode Island</a> Narragansett Bay campus, nuclear <a href="/wiki/Research_reactor" title="Research reactor">research reactor</a> on top of one battery </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rhode Island</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Varnum" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Varnum">Fort Varnum</a></td> <td>Boston Neck, <a href="/wiki/Narragansett,_Rhode_Island" title="Narragansett, Rhode Island">Narragansett</a></td> <td>Narragansett Bay</td> <td>World War II</td> <td>1942</td> <td>1947</td> <td></td> <td>National Guard training center </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rhode Island</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Greene_(Narragansett,_Rhode_Island)" title="Fort Greene (Narragansett, Rhode Island)">Fort Greene</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Point_Judith" class="mw-redirect" title="Point Judith">Point Judith</a>, Narragansett</td> <td>Narragansett Bay</td> <td>World War II</td> <td>1943</td> <td>1948</td> <td></td> <td>One 16-inch battery is in <a href="/wiki/Fishermen%27s_Memorial_State_Park" title="Fishermen's Memorial State Park">Fishermen's Memorial State Park</a>, part of fort is an Army Reserve center </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rhode Island</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Church_(Rhode_Island)" title="Fort Church (Rhode Island)">Fort Church</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Little_Compton,_Rhode_Island" title="Little Compton, Rhode Island">Little Compton</a></td> <td>Narragansett Bay</td> <td>World War II</td> <td>1942</td> <td>1948</td> <td>1950?</td> <td>Batteries buried </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rhode Island</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Mansfield" title="Fort Mansfield">Fort Mansfield</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Napatree_Point" title="Napatree Point">Napatree Point</a>, <a href="/wiki/Westerly,_Rhode_Island" title="Westerly, Rhode Island">Westerly</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harbor_Defenses_of_Long_Island_Sound" title="Harbor Defenses of Long Island Sound">Long Island Sound</a></td> <td>Endicott</td> <td>1901</td> <td>1917</td> <td>1926</td> <td>Public beach </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Sumter" title="Fort Sumter">Fort Sumter</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charleston_Harbor" title="Charleston Harbor">Charleston Harbor</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Charleston</a></td> <td>Third System, Endicott</td> <td>1860</td> <td>1946</td> <td>1948</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Sumter" title="Battle of Fort Sumter">Bombardment of this fort</a> in April 1861 was the first major action of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, National Historic Monument </td></tr> <tr> <td>South Carolina</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Moultrie" title="Fort Moultrie">Fort Moultrie</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sullivan%27s_Island,_South_Carolina" title="Sullivan's Island, South Carolina">Sullivan's Island</a></td> <td>Charleston</td> <td>Revolutionary War, First System, Second System, 1870s, Endicott, World War II</td> <td>1776</td> <td>1947</td> <td>1948</td> <td>National Historic Monument, great cannon collection </td></tr> <tr> <td>South Carolina</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Johnson_(South_Carolina)" title="Fort Johnson (South Carolina)">Fort Johnson</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/James_Island_(South_Carolina)" title="James Island (South Carolina)">James Island</a></td> <td>Charleston</td> <td>Colonial, First System</td> <td>1704</td> <td>1865?</td> <td>1970?</td> <td>First shot of the Civil War (a signal) fired from this fort, little remains </td></tr> <tr> <td>South Carolina</td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Battery_(Charleston)" title="The Battery (Charleston)">The Battery</a></td> <td>Charleston</td> <td>Charleston</td> <td>Civil War</td> <td>1860</td> <td>1865</td> <td>1865</td> <td>Has gun said to have fired the first effective shot (from Morris Island) of the Civil War </td></tr> <tr> <td>South Carolina</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Castle_Pinckney" title="Castle Pinckney">Castle Pinckney</a>/Fort Pinckney</td> <td>Charleston</td> <td>Charleston</td> <td>First System, Second System</td> <td>1798</td> <td>1878?</td> <td>1933</td> <td>First System fort destroyed by hurricane 1804, access by prior arrangement only </td></tr> <tr> <td>South Carolina</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wagner" title="Fort Wagner">Fort Wagner</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Morris_Island" title="Morris Island">Morris Island</a></td> <td>Charleston</td> <td>Civil War</td> <td>1862</td> <td>1865</td> <td>1865</td> <td>Earthwork, nothing remains </td></tr> <tr> <td>South Carolina</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Fremont" title="Fort Fremont">Fort Fremont</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena_Island_(South_Carolina)" title="Saint Helena Island (South Carolina)">Saint Helena Island</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Port_Royal_Sound" title="Port Royal Sound">Port Royal Sound</a></td> <td>Endicott</td> <td>1899</td> <td>1914</td> <td>1921</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>South Carolina</td> <td>Fort Welles/<a href="/wiki/Fort_Walker_(Hilton_Head)" title="Fort Walker (Hilton Head)">Fort Walker</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hilton_Head_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Hilton Head Island">Hilton Head Island</a></td> <td>Port Royal Sound</td> <td>Civil War, Endicott</td> <td>1861</td> <td>1902</td> <td>1902</td> <td>Had a <a href="/wiki/Dynamite_gun" title="Dynamite gun">dynamite gun</a> emplacement </td></tr> <tr> <td>South Carolina</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Marion_(South_Carolina)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Marion (South Carolina)">Fort Marion</a>/Beaufort Battery/<a href="/wiki/Fort_Lyttelton_Site" title="Fort Lyttelton Site">Fort Lyttelton</a></td> <td>Spanish Point, <a href="/wiki/Port_Royal,_South_Carolina" title="Port Royal, South Carolina">Port Royal</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Port_Royal" title="Port Royal">Port Royal</a></td> <td>Colonial, Second System</td> <td>1764</td> <td>1825</td> <td>1825</td> <td>Archaeological site </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Travis" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Travis">Fort Travis</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Port_Bolivar,_Texas" title="Port Bolivar, Texas">Bolivar Point</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Galveston" class="mw-redirect" title="Galveston">Galveston</a></td> <td>Endicott, Interwar</td> <td>1900</td> <td>1946</td> <td>1947</td> <td>Park </td></tr> <tr> <td>Texas</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_San_Jacinto" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort San Jacinto">Fort San Jacinto</a></td> <td>Fort Point, <a href="/wiki/Galveston_Island" title="Galveston Island">Galveston Island</a></td> <td>Galveston</td> <td>Endicott, World War II</td> <td>1898</td> <td>1946</td> <td>1947</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Texas</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Crockett" title="Fort Crockett">Fort Crockett</a></td> <td>Galveston</td> <td>Galveston</td> <td>Endicott, Interwar</td> <td>1899</td> <td>1946</td> <td>1947</td> <td>Park </td></tr> <tr> <td>Texas</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Travis" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Travis">Fort Travis</a></td> <td>Fort Point, Galveston Island</td> <td>Galveston</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas_Revolution" title="Texas Revolution">Texas Revolution</a></td> <td>1836</td> <td>1844</td> <td>1844</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Monroe" title="Fort Monroe">Fort Monroe</a>/Fort George</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Old_Point_Comfort" title="Old Point Comfort">Old Point Comfort</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hampton,_Virginia" title="Hampton, Virginia">Hampton</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_Bay" title="Chesapeake Bay">Chesapeake Bay</a></td> <td>Colonial, Third System, Endicott</td> <td>1728</td> <td>1943</td> <td>2011</td> <td>Initially named Fortress Monroe until 1832. National park, major fort with Casemate Museum and some Endicott batteries </td></tr> <tr> <td>Virginia</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Norfolk_(Norfolk,_Virginia)" title="Fort Norfolk (Norfolk, Virginia)">Fort Norfolk</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk</a></td> <td>Norfolk</td> <td>First System, Second System</td> <td>1794</td> <td>1880</td> <td></td> <td>Park, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Corps_of_Engineers" title="United States Army Corps of Engineers">Army Corps of Engineers</a> offices </td></tr> <tr> <td>Virginia</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Nelson_(Virginia)" title="Fort Nelson (Virginia)">Fort Nelson</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth,_Virginia" title="Portsmouth, Virginia">Portsmouth</a></td> <td>Norfolk</td> <td>Revolutionary War, First System, Civil War</td> <td>1776</td> <td>1865?</td> <td>1865?</td> <td>Hospital Point Park near naval hospital, Fort Nelson Park commemorates </td></tr> <tr> <td>Virginia</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Craney_Island_Fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Craney Island Fort">Craney Island Fort</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Craney_Island_(Virginia)" title="Craney Island (Virginia)">Craney Island</a>, Portsmouth</td> <td>Norfolk</td> <td>Second System, Civil War</td> <td>1813</td> <td>1865</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Craney_Island" title="Battle of Craney Island">Battle of Craney Island</a> in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a> fought here </td></tr> <tr> <td>Virginia</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wool" title="Fort Wool">Fort Wool</a>/Fort Calhoun</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rip_Raps" title="Rip Raps">Rip Raps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hampton_Roads" title="Hampton Roads">Hampton Roads</a></td> <td>Chesapeake Bay</td> <td>Third System, Endicott</td> <td>1834</td> <td>1946</td> <td>1967</td> <td>Renamed in 1862, bird sanctuary, no public access </td></tr> <tr> <td>Virginia</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cape_Charles_Air_Force_Station" title="Cape Charles Air Force Station">Fort John Custis</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cape_Charles_(headland)" title="Cape Charles (headland)">Cape Charles</a></td> <td>Chesapeake Bay</td> <td>World War II</td> <td>1942</td> <td>1948</td> <td>1981</td> <td>National wildlife refuge, 16-inch gun on site </td></tr> <tr> <td>Virginia</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Joint_Expeditionary_Base_Fort_Story" title="Joint Expeditionary Base Fort Story">Fort Story</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Beach,_Virginia" title="Virginia Beach, Virginia">Virginia Beach</a></td> <td>Chesapeake Bay</td> <td>World War I, Interwar, World War II</td> <td>1917</td> <td>1948</td> <td></td> <td>Now part of <a href="/wiki/Joint_Expeditionary_Base_Little_Creek%E2%80%93Fort_Story" title="Joint Expeditionary Base Little Creek–Fort Story">Joint Expeditionary Base Little Creek–Fort Story</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Virginia</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Hunt_Park" title="Fort Hunt Park">Fort Hunt</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Hunt,_Virginia" title="Fort Hunt, Virginia">Fort Hunt</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Potomac_River" title="Potomac River">The Potomac</a></td> <td>Endicott</td> <td>1898</td> <td>1920</td> <td>1946</td> <td>National park, batteries well-preserved </td></tr> <tr> <td>Virginia</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Powhatan" title="Fort Powhatan">Fort Powhatan</a>/Fort Hood</td> <td>Windmill Hill, <a href="/wiki/Prince_George_County,_Virginia" title="Prince George County, Virginia">Prince George County</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/James_River" title="James River">The James</a></td> <td>Revolutionary War, Second System, Civil War</td> <td>1779</td> <td>1865</td> <td>1865</td> <td>Abandoned 1830–1861, portions remain </td></tr> <tr> <td>Virginia</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Boykin" title="Fort Boykin">Fort Boykin</a>/The Castle</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Smithfield,_Virginia" title="Smithfield, Virginia">Smithfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight_County,_Virginia" title="Isle of Wight County, Virginia">Isle of Wight County</a></td> <td>The James</td> <td>Colonial, Revolutionary War, War of 1812, Civil War</td> <td>1623</td> <td>1862</td> <td>1865</td> <td>Rebuilt for each war, county park, portions remain </td></tr> <tr> <td>Virginia</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Huger" title="Fort Huger">Fort Huger</a></td> <td>Harden's Bluff, Isle of Wight County</td> <td>The James</td> <td>Civil War</td> <td>1862</td> <td>1862</td> <td>1865</td> <td>County park, portions remain </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Columbia_State_Park" title="Fort Columbia State Park">Fort Columbia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinook,_Washington" title="Chinook, Washington">Chinook</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Columbia_River" title="Columbia River">The Columbia</a></td> <td>Endicott, World War II</td> <td>1898</td> <td>1945</td> <td>1950</td> <td>State park, former Civil Defense bunker </td></tr> <tr> <td>Washington</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Canby_(Washington)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Canby (Washington)">Fort Canby</a>/Fort Cape Disappointment</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cape_Disappointment_(Washington)" title="Cape Disappointment (Washington)">Cape Disappointment</a></td> <td>The Columbia</td> <td>Civil War, Endicott, World War II</td> <td>1864</td> <td>1947</td> <td>1947</td> <td>State park, said to be site of <a href="/wiki/Lewis_and_Clark" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis and Clark">Lewis and Clark</a> arriving at the Pacific </td></tr> <tr> <td>Washington</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Ward_(Washington)" title="Fort Ward (Washington)">Fort Ward</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bainbridge_Island,_Washington" title="Bainbridge Island, Washington">Bainbridge Island</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Puget_Sound" title="Puget Sound">Puget Sound</a></td> <td>Endicott</td> <td>1903</td> <td>1925</td> <td>1958</td> <td>Local park </td></tr> <tr> <td>Washington</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Whitman" title="Fort Whitman">Fort Whitman</a></td> <td>Goat Island</td> <td>Puget Sound</td> <td>Taft</td> <td>1911</td> <td>1943</td> <td>1947</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Washington</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Flagler_State_Park" title="Fort Flagler State Park">Fort Flagler</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marrowstone,_Washington" title="Marrowstone, Washington">Marrowstone Island</a></td> <td>Puget Sound</td> <td>Endicott</td> <td>1902</td> <td>1946</td> <td>1953</td> <td>State park </td></tr> <tr> <td>Washington</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Casey" title="Fort Casey">Fort Casey</a></td> <td>Admiralty Head, <a href="/wiki/Whidbey_Island" title="Whidbey Island">Whidbey Island</a></td> <td>Puget Sound</td> <td>Endicott</td> <td>1899</td> <td>1942</td> <td>1956</td> <td>State park, remounted 10-inch and 3-inch guns from the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Washington</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Worden" title="Fort Worden">Fort Worden</a></td> <td>Point Wilson, <a href="/wiki/Port_Townsend,_Washington" title="Port Townsend, Washington">Port Townsend</a></td> <td>Puget Sound</td> <td>Endicott</td> <td>1900</td> <td>1946</td> <td>1953</td> <td>State park </td></tr> <tr> <td>Washington</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Ebey_State_Park" title="Fort Ebey State Park">Fort Ebey</a></td> <td>Partridge Point, <a href="/wiki/Whidbey_Island" title="Whidbey Island">Whidbey Island</a></td> <td>Puget Sound</td> <td>World War II</td> <td>1943</td> <td>1946</td> <td>1950?</td> <td>State park </td></tr> <tr> <td>Washington</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Camp_Hayden" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp Hayden">Camp Hayden</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Joyce,_Washington" title="Joyce, Washington">Joyce</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cape_Flattery" title="Cape Flattery">Cape Flattery</a></td> <td>World War II</td> <td>1944</td> <td>1948</td> <td>1948</td> <td>State recreation area </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_coastal_fortifications_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seacoast_defense_in_the_United_States" title="Seacoast defense in the United States">Seacoast defense in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbor_Defense_Command" title="Harbor Defense Command">Harbor Defense Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Coast_Artillery_Corps" title="United States Army Coast Artillery Corps">United States Army Coast Artillery Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Corps_of_Engineers" title="United States Army Corps of Engineers">United States Army Corps of Engineers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_forts_in_the_United_States" title="List of forts in the United States">List of forts in the United States</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_coastal_fortifications_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWade201115–21-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWade201115–21_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWade2011">Wade 2011</a>, pp. 15–21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWade2011115–120-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWade2011115–120_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWade2011">Wade 2011</a>, pp. 115–120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis197921–36-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis197921–36_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLewis1979">Lewis 1979</a>, pp. 21–36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerhow2015423–424-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerhow2015423–424_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerhow2015">Berhow 2015</a>, pp. 423–424.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerhow201523–42-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerhow201523–42_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerhow2015">Berhow 2015</a>, pp. 23–42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis197937–45-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis197937–45_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLewis1979">Lewis 1979</a>, pp. 37–45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeaver_II20182–8-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeaver_II20182–8_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeaver_II2018">Weaver II 2018</a>, pp. 2–8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerhow201554–55-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerhow201554–55_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerhow2015">Berhow 2015</a>, pp. 54–55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis197968–71-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis197968–71_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLewis1979">Lewis 1979</a>, pp. 68–71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeaver_II201814–15-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeaver_II201814–15_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeaver_II2018">Weaver II 2018</a>, pp. 14–15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdsg.org/modern-u-s-harbor-defense-construction-1886-191-the-endicott-and-taft-boards/">"Endicott and Taft Boards at CDSG.org"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190110133656/https://cdsg.org/modern-u-s-harbor-defense-construction-1886-191-the-endicott-and-taft-boards/">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-01-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-01-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Endicott+and+Taft+Boards+at+CDSG.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdsg.org%2Fmodern-u-s-harbor-defense-construction-1886-191-the-endicott-and-taft-boards%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+coastal+fortifications+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerhow201586–87,_92–93,_180–183-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerhow201586–87,_92–93,_180–183_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerhow2015">Berhow 2015</a>, pp. 86–87, 92–93, 180–183.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerhow2015425–427-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerhow2015425–427_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerhow2015">Berhow 2015</a>, pp. 425–427.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerhow2015154–155,_227–228-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerhow2015154–155,_227–228_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerhow2015">Berhow 2015</a>, pp. 154–155, 227–228.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis197975–89-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis197975–89_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLewis1979">Lewis 1979</a>, pp. 75–89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerhow2015154–155,_170–179,_227–228-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerhow2015154–155,_170–179,_227–228_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerhow2015">Berhow 2015</a>, pp. 154–155, 170–179, 227–228.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis1979100–115-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis1979100–115_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLewis1979">Lewis 1979</a>, pp. 100–115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerhow2015174–177,_227–231-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerhow2015174–177,_227–231_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerhow2015">Berhow 2015</a>, pp. 174–177, 227–231.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis1979115–125-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis1979115–125_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLewis1979">Lewis 1979</a>, pp. 115–125.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerhow2015" class="citation book cs1">Berhow, Mark A., ed. (2015). <i>American Seacoast Defenses, A Reference Guide</i> (Third ed.). McLean, Virginia: CDSG Press. pp. 52–53, 201–231. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9748167-3-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9748167-3-9"><bdi>978-0-9748167-3-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Seacoast+Defenses%2C+A+Reference+Guide&rft.place=McLean%2C+Virginia&rft.pages=52-53%2C+201-231&rft.edition=Third&rft.pub=CDSG+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-9748167-3-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+coastal+fortifications+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis1979" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, Emanuel Raymond (1979). <i>Seacoast Fortifications of the United States</i>. Annapolis: Leeward Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-929521-11-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-929521-11-4"><bdi>978-0-929521-11-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seacoast+Fortifications+of+the+United+States&rft.place=Annapolis&rft.pub=Leeward+Publications&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-929521-11-4&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Emanuel+Raymond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+coastal+fortifications+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWade2011" class="citation book cs1">Wade, Arthur P. (2011). <i>Artillerists and Engineers: The Beginnings of American Seacoast Fortifications, 1794–1815</i>. CDSG Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9748167-2-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9748167-2-2"><bdi>978-0-9748167-2-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Artillerists+and+Engineers%3A+The+Beginnings+of+American+Seacoast+Fortifications%2C+1794%E2%80%931815&rft.pub=CDSG+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-9748167-2-2&rft.aulast=Wade&rft.aufirst=Arthur+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+coastal+fortifications+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeaver_II2018" class="citation book cs1">Weaver II, John R. (2018). <i>A Legacy in Brick and Stone: American Coastal Defense Forts of the Third System, 1816-1867, 2nd Ed</i>. McLean, VA: Redoubt Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-7323916-1-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-7323916-1-1"><bdi>978-1-7323916-1-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Legacy+in+Brick+and+Stone%3A+American+Coastal+Defense+Forts+of+the+Third+System%2C+1816-1867%2C+2nd+Ed.&rft.place=McLean%2C+VA&rft.pub=Redoubt+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-7323916-1-1&rft.aulast=Weaver+II&rft.aufirst=John+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+coastal+fortifications+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_coastal_fortifications_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Forts_in_the_United_States" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Forts in the United States">Forts in the United States</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cdsg.org/fort-and-battery-list/">List of all US coastal forts and batteries</a> at the Coast Defense Study Group, Inc. website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northamericanforts.com/">American Forts Network, lists forts in the US, former US territories, Canada, and Central America</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fortwiki.com/Fort_Wiki">FortWiki, lists most CONUS and Canadian forts</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/subjects/forts/parks.htm">US National Park Service list of parks with forts</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_coastal_fortifications_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts1988" class="citation book cs1">Roberts, Robert B. (1988). <i>Encyclopedia of Historic Forts: The Military, Pioneer, and Trading Posts of the United States</i>. New York: Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-02-926880-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-02-926880-X"><bdi>0-02-926880-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Historic+Forts%3A+The+Military%2C+Pioneer%2C+and+Trading+Posts+of+the+United+States&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-02-926880-X&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Robert+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+coastal+fortifications+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_coastal_fortifications_of_the_United_States&oldid=1249841415">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_coastal_fortifications_of_the_United_States&oldid=1249841415</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_history_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Military history of the United States">Military history of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coastal_fortifications" title="Category:Coastal fortifications">Coastal fortifications</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fortifications_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Fortifications in the United States">Fortifications in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_military-related_lists" title="Category:United States military-related lists">United States military-related lists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_buildings_and_structures_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Lists of buildings and structures in the United States">Lists of buildings and structures in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_forts" title="Category:Lists of forts">Lists of forts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_installations_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Category:Former installations of the United States Army">Former installations of the United States Army</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_locally_defined" title="Category:Commons category link is locally defined">Commons category link is locally defined</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 7 October 2024, at 03:40<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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