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Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follia_(m%C3%BAsica)" title="Follia (música) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Follia (música)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folia" title="Folia – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Folia" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Folia" title="La Folia – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="La Folia" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folia" title="Folia – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Folia" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fol%C3%ADa" title="Folía – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Folía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="فلیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فلیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folia" title="Folia – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Folia" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follia_(tema_musicale)" title="Follia (tema musicale) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Follia (tema musicale)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follia" title="Follia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Follia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Folia" title="La Folia – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="La Folia" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2" title="フォリア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フォリア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_folia" title="La folia – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="La folia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Folia" title="La Folia – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="La Folia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Fol%C3%ADa" title="La Folía – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="La Folía" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folia" title="Folia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Folia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Фолия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фолия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folia" title="Folia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Folia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_folia" title="La folia – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="La folia" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follia" title="Follia – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Follia" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Фолія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фолія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of musical composition</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Folia_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Folia (disambiguation)">Folia (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Folium_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Folium (disambiguation)">Folium (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p><i><b>La Folía</b></i> (Spanish), or <i><b>Follies</b></i> (English), also known as <i><b>folies d'Espagne</b></i> (French), <i><b>La Follia</b></i> (Italian), and <i><b>Folia</b></i> (Portuguese), is one of the oldest remembered European <a href="/wiki/Theme_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theme (music)">musical themes</a>, or primary material, generally <a href="/wiki/Melody" title="Melody">melodic</a>, of a <a href="/wiki/Musical_composition" title="Musical composition">composition</a>, on record. The theme exists in two versions, referred to as <b>early</b> and <b>late <i>folias</i></b>, the earlier being faster. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Later_Folia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Later_Folia.png/350px-Later_Folia.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Later_Folia.png/525px-Later_Folia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Later_Folia.png/700px-Later_Folia.png 2x" data-file-width="845" data-file-height="264" /></a><figcaption>"The 'later' <i>folia</i>", a harmonic-metric scheme consisting of two eight-bar <a href="/wiki/Phrase_(music)" title="Phrase (music)">phrases</a>, was first used in approximately 1670.<sup id="cite_ref-Hudson_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hudson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Key_signature" title="Key signature">key signature</a>, showing just one flat for G minor (instead of two), follows a Baroque period practice. <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/f9\/Later_Folia_2.mid\/Later_Folia_2.mid.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Play"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Later Folia 2.mid"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f9/Later_Folia_2.mid/Later_Folia_2.mid.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Play</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Later_Folia_2.mid" title="File:Later Folia 2.mid">ⓘ</a></sup></span></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Early_Folia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Early_Folia.png/350px-Early_Folia.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Early_Folia.png/525px-Early_Folia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Early_Folia.png/700px-Early_Folia.png 2x" data-file-width="837" data-file-height="203" /></a><figcaption>Early folia<sup id="cite_ref-Esses_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Esses-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/8c\/Early_Folia.mid\/Early_Folia.mid.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Play"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Early Folia.mid"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8c/Early_Folia.mid/Early_Folia.mid.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Play</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Early_Folia.mid" title="File:Early Folia.mid">ⓘ</a></sup></span>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Early_Folia_b.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Early_Folia_b.png/350px-Early_Folia_b.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Early_Folia_b.png/525px-Early_Folia_b.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Early_Folia_b.png/700px-Early_Folia_b.png 2x" data-file-width="1664" data-file-height="569" /></a><figcaption>Early folia variant<sup id="cite_ref-Esses_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Esses-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-3" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/4\/41\/Early_Folia_b.mid\/Early_Folia_b.mid.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Play"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Early Folia b.mid"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/41/Early_Folia_b.mid/Early_Folia_b.mid.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Play</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Early_Folia_b.mid" title="File:Early Folia b.mid">ⓘ</a></sup></span>.</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to its musical form, style and etymology of the name, it has been suggested that the melody arose as a dance in the mid or late fifteenth century throughout the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a>, either in <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> or in the area of the old <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Kingdom of León">Kingdom of León</a>, or maybe in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Valencia" title="Kingdom of Valencia">Kingdom of Valencia</a>. </p><p>The epithet "Folia" has several meanings in music. </p><p>Western <a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">classical music</a> features both "early Folia", which can take different shapes, and the better-known "later Folia" (also known as "Follia" with double l in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, "Folies d'Espagne" in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, and "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Faronel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faronel (page does not exist)">Faronel</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Farinel" class="extiw" title="fr:Michel Farinel">fr</a>]</span>'s <a href="/wiki/Ostinato" title="Ostinato">Ground</a>" in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>). Recent research suggests that the origin of the folia framework lies in the application of a specific compositional and improvisational method to simple melodies in minor mode. Thus, the essence of the "early Folia" was not a specific theme or a fixed sequence of chords but rather a compositional-improvisational process which could generate these sequences of chords.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "later Folia" is a standard <a href="/wiki/Chord_progression" title="Chord progression">chord progression</a> (i-V-i-VII / III-VII-[i or VI]-V / i-V-i-VII / III-VII-[i or VI7]-V[4-3sus]-i) and usually features a standard or "stock" <a href="/wiki/Bassline_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Bassline (disambiguation)">melody line</a>, a slow <a href="/wiki/Sarabande" title="Sarabande">sarabande</a> in triple meter, as its initial theme. This theme generally appears at the start and end of a given "folia" composition, serving as "bookends" for a set of variations within which both the melodic line and even the meter may vary. In turn, written sets of variations on the "later Folia" may contain sections consisting of more freely structured music, even in the semblance of partial or pure <a href="/wiki/Improvisation_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Improvisation (music)">improvisation</a> (a practice which might be compared in structural concept, if very different in musical material, to the performance in <a href="/wiki/Twelve-bar_blues" title="Twelve-bar blues">twelve-bar blues</a> and other standard chord progressions that became common in the twentieth century.) </p><p>Several sources report that <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully">Jean-Baptiste Lully</a> was the first composer to formalize the standard chord progression and melodic line.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other sources note that the chord progression eventually associated with the "later Folia" appeared in musical sources almost a century before the first documented use of the "Folia" name. The progression emerged between the end of the 15th century and the beginning of the 16th century in vocal repertory found in both Italian ("Canzoniere di Montecassino", "Canzoniere di Perugia" and in the <a href="/wiki/Frottola" title="Frottola">frottola</a> repertoire) and Spanish sources (mainly in the "<a href="/wiki/Cancionero_Musical_de_Palacio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cancionero Musical de Palacio">Cancionero Musical de Palacio</a>" and, some years later, in the <a href="/wiki/Ensalada_(music)" title="Ensalada (music)">ensaladas</a> repertoire). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Later_Folia_b.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Later_Folia_b.png/350px-Later_Folia_b.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Later_Folia_b.png/525px-Later_Folia_b.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Later_Folia_b.png/700px-Later_Folia_b.png 2x" data-file-width="818" data-file-height="170" /></a><figcaption>Later folia variant.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-4" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/d4\/Later_Folia_b.mid\/Later_Folia_b.mid.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Play"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Later Folia b.mid"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d4/Later_Folia_b.mid/Later_Folia_b.mid.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Play</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Later_Folia_b.mid" title="File:Later Folia b.mid">ⓘ</a></sup></span></figcaption></figure> <p>The framework of the "Later Folia", in the key of G <a href="/wiki/Minor_and_major" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor and major">minor</a>, the key that is often used for the "later Folia"; one chord per bar except for the cadential penultimate bar. </p><p>The basic 16-bar chord progression:<sup id="cite_ref-Hudson_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hudson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>Gm (i)</td> <td>D<sup>7</sup> (V<sup>7</sup>)</td> <td>Gm (i)</td> <td>F (VII)</td> <td>Bb (III)</td> <td>F (VII)</td> <td>Gm (i)</td> <td>D<sup>7</sup> (V<sup>7</sup>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gm (i)</td> <td>D<sup>7</sup> (V<sup>7</sup>)</td> <td>Gm (i)</td> <td>F (VII)</td> <td>Bb (III)</td> <td>F (VII)</td> <td>Gm (i)  D<sup>7</sup> (V<sup>7</sup>)</td> <td>Gm (i) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_significance">Historical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Historical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="28" data-mwtitle="Beethoven_Symphony_No._5_Movement_2,_La_Folia_Variation_(measures_166_-_183).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Beethoven_Symphony_No._5_Movement_2,_La_Folia_Variation_(measures_166_-_183).ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Beethoven_Symphony_No._5_Movement_2%2C_La_Folia_Variation_%28measures_166_-_183%29.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fe/Beethoven_Symphony_No._5_Movement_2%2C_La_Folia_Variation_%28measures_166_-_183%29.ogg/Beethoven_Symphony_No._5_Movement_2%2C_La_Folia_Variation_%28measures_166_-_183%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>A selection from Beethoven's Symphony No. 5, the 2nd movement, illustrating a use of La Folia starting at bar 166 of the movement</figcaption></figure> <p>Over the course of three centuries, more than 150 composers have used it in their works. The first publications of this theme date from the middle of the 16th century, but it is probably much older. Plays of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_theatre#English_Elizabethan_theatre" title="History of theatre">renaissance theatre</a> in Portugal, including works by <a href="/wiki/Gil_Vicente" title="Gil Vicente">Gil Vicente</a>, mention the folia as a dance performed by shepherds or peasants. The possible Portuguese origin was attributed by the 1577 treatise <i>De musica libri septem</i> by <a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Salinas" title="Francisco de Salinas">Francisco de Salinas</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, one of the oldest folías is that of "Rodrigo Martínez", by an anonymous author, already registered in the <a href="/wiki/Cancionero_de_Palacio" title="Cancionero de Palacio">Cancionero de Palacio</a> (1470-1500) in Spain, which includes numerous songs and themes from the time of <a href="/wiki/The_Catholic_Monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="The Catholic Monarchs">the Catholic Monarchs</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully">Jean-Baptiste Lully</a>, along with <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Danican_Philidor_the_elder" class="mw-redirect" title="André Danican Philidor the elder">Philidor <span style="padding-right:0.15em;"><i>l'aîné</i></span></a><sup id="cite_ref-Hudson_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hudson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1672, <a href="/wiki/Arcangelo_Corelli" title="Arcangelo Corelli">Arcangelo Corelli</a> in 1700, <a href="/wiki/Marin_Marais" title="Marin Marais">Marin Marais</a> in 1701, <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Scarlatti" title="Alessandro Scarlatti">Alessandro Scarlatti</a> in 1710, <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi">Antonio Vivaldi</a> in his <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Trio_Sonatas,_Op._1_(Vivaldi)" title="Twelve Trio Sonatas, Op. 1 (Vivaldi)">Opus 1 No. 12</a> of 1705, <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Geminiani" title="Francesco Geminiani">Francesco Geminiani</a> in his Concerto Grosso No. 12 (which was, in fact, part of a collection of direct transcriptions of Corelli's violin sonatas), <a href="/wiki/George_Frideric_Handel" title="George Frideric Handel">George Frideric Handel</a> in the Sarabande of his Keyboard Suite in D minor HWV 437 of 1727, and <a href="/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach" title="Johann Sebastian Bach">Johann Sebastian Bach</a> in his <i><a href="/wiki/Mer_hahn_en_neue_Oberkeet,_BWV_212" title="Mer hahn en neue Oberkeet, BWV 212">Peasants' Cantata</a></i> of 1742 are considered to highlight this "later" folia repeating theme in a brilliant way. <a href="/wiki/Carl_Philipp_Emanuel_Bach" title="Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach">C. P. E. Bach</a> composed a set of 12 variations for keyboard on the tune (H.263). <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Salieri" title="Antonio Salieri">Antonio Salieri</a>'s 26 Variations on La Folia, for orchestra, written towards the end of his career, is one of his finest works. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Purcell" title="Henry Purcell">Henry Purcell</a>, in: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Fairy-Queen" title="The Fairy-Queen">The Fairy-Queen</a></i>, first played in 1692, included a tune with resemblances to the Francesco Geminiani/Arcangelo Corelli: Concerto Grosso n 12; the 12 Corelli concerts were published in 1714, although a 1681 reference exists from <a href="/wiki/Georg_Muffat" title="Georg Muffat">Georg Muffat</a> about having heard the compositions of this "Italian Violin Orpheus" "with extreme pleasure and full of admiration." </p><p>In the 19th century, the Act I ballet of <i><a href="/wiki/Les_Abenc%C3%A9rages" title="Les Abencérages">Les Abencérages</a></i> (1813) by <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Cherubini" title="Luigi Cherubini">Luigi Cherubini</a> is based on the Folia, <a href="/wiki/Franz_Liszt" title="Franz Liszt">Franz Liszt</a> included a version of the Folia in his <i><a href="/wiki/Rhapsodie_espagnole_(Liszt)" title="Rhapsodie espagnole (Liszt)">Rhapsodie Espagnole</a></i>, and <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Ludwig van Beethoven</a> quoted it briefly in the second movement of his <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._5_(Beethoven)#Use_of_La_Folia" title="Symphony No. 5 (Beethoven)">Fifth Symphony</a>. Alfredo Casella used the theme as the basis for his <i>Variations sur une Chaconne</i>. </p><p>La Folia once again regained composers' interest during the 1930s with <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Rachmaninoff" title="Sergei Rachmaninoff">Sergei Rachmaninov</a> in his <i><a href="/wiki/Variations_on_a_Theme_of_Corelli_(Rachmaninoff)" class="mw-redirect" title="Variations on a Theme of Corelli (Rachmaninoff)">Variations on a theme by Corelli</a></i> in 1931 and <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Mar%C3%ADa_Ponce" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuel María Ponce">Manuel María Ponce</a> and his <i>Variations on "Spanish Folia"</i> and <i>Fugue for guitar</i>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:FoliaBoschvanRosenthal.ogg" title="File:FoliaBoschvanRosenthal.ogg"><i>La Folia</i></a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="30" data-mwtitle="FoliaBoschvanRosenthal.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/FoliaBoschvanRosenthal.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/FoliaBoschvanRosenthal.ogg/FoliaBoschvanRosenthal.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Without variations (290KB)</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <p>The Folia melody has also influenced <a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Scandinavian music">Scandinavian</a> folk music. It is said<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (January 2011)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> that around half of the old Swedish tunes are based on La Folia. It is possible to recognize a common structure in many Swedish folk tunes, and it is similar to the Folia structure. Old folk tunes (19th century or older) which do not have this structure often come from parts of Sweden with little influences from upper classes or other countries.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (April 2014)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Folia#Swedish_folk_tunes" title="Talk:Folia">discuss</a></i>]</sup> "<a href="/wiki/Sinclairvisan" title="Sinclairvisan">Sinclairvisan</a>" is set to the tune, as is "Välment sorgesyn", no. 5b from <a href="/wiki/Carl_Michael_Bellman" title="Carl Michael Bellman">Carl Michael Bellman</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Songs_of_Fredman" class="mw-redirect" title="Songs of Fredman">Songs of Fredman</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The final section of <i><a href="/wiki/Force_Majeure_(Tangerine_Dream_album)" title="Force Majeure (Tangerine Dream album)">Force Majeure</a></i> by the electronic music group <a href="/wiki/Tangerine_Dream" title="Tangerine Dream">Tangerine Dream</a> is built upon the later La Follia progression, and is specifically referenced in the fifth track from their 2014 work <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Josephine_The_Mouse_Singer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josephine The Mouse Singer (page does not exist)">Josephine The Mouse Singer</a></i>, titled "Arcangelo Corelli's La Folia." It is also used in the <a href="/wiki/Taize_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="Taize Community">Taizé</a> chant "Laudate Dominum."<sup id="cite_ref-Taize_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taize-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main theme of <a href="/wiki/Vangelis" title="Vangelis">Vangelis</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Paradise_(song)" title="Conquest of Paradise (song)">Conquest of Paradise</a></i> resembles the rhythmic paradigm of la folia intentionally. The chord progression is also used in the Britney Spears song, "<a href="/wiki/Oops!..._I_Did_It_Again_(song)" title="Oops!... I Did It Again (song)">Oops!... I Did It Again</a>", 2000. The Folia is used extensively in <a href="/wiki/Max_Richter" title="Max Richter">Max Richter</a>'s 2017 album <i><a href="/wiki/Max_Richter#Three_Worlds:_Music_from_Woolf_Works_.282017.29" title="Max Richter">Three Worlds: Music from Woolf Works</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bergamesca" class="mw-redirect" title="Bergamesca">Bergamesca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moresca" title="Moresca">Moresca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passamezzo_antico" title="Passamezzo antico">Passamezzo antico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanesca" title="Romanesca">Romanesca</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Hudson-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hudson_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hudson_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hudson_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHudson1973" class="citation journal cs1">Hudson, Richard (January–June 1973). "The Folia Melodies". <i>Acta Musicologica</i>. <b>45</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">98–</span>119. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F932224">10.2307/932224</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0001-6241">0001-6241</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/932224">932224</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Musicologica&rft.atitle=The+Folia+Melodies&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E98-%3C%2Fspan%3E119&rft.date=1973-01%2F1973-06&rft.issn=0001-6241&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F932224%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F932224&rft.aulast=Hudson&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Esses-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Esses_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Esses_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Simpson, Christopher (1665) cited in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEsses1992" class="citation book cs1">Esses, Maurice (1992). <i>Dance and instrumental diferencias in Spain during the 17th and early 18th centuries</i>. Vol. 1. Stuyvesant, NY: Pendragon Press. p. 572. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0945193084" title="Special:BookSources/0945193084"><bdi>0945193084</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dance+and+instrumental+diferencias+in+Spain+during+the+17th+and+early+18th+centuries&rft.place=Stuyvesant%2C+NY&rft.pages=572&rft.pub=Pendragon+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0945193084&rft.aulast=Esses&rft.aufirst=Maurice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFiorentino2013" class="citation book cs1">Fiorentino, Giuseppe (2013). <i>"Folía": El origen de los esquemas armónicos entre tradición oral y transmisión escrita</i>. DeMusica 17. Kassel: Edition Reichenberger. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783937734996" title="Special:BookSources/9783937734996"><bdi>9783937734996</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Fol%C3%ADa%22%3A+El+origen+de+los+esquemas+arm%C3%B3nicos+entre+tradici%C3%B3n+oral+y+transmisi%C3%B3n+escrita&rft.place=Kassel&rft.series=DeMusica+17&rft.pub=Edition+Reichenberger&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9783937734996&rft.aulast=Fiorentino&rft.aufirst=Giuseppe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaull2007" class="citation book cs1">Paull, Jennifer (2007). <i>Cathy Berberian and music's muses</i>. Vouvry, Switzerland: Amoris Imprint. p. 263. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781847538895" title="Special:BookSources/9781847538895"><bdi>9781847538895</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cathy+Berberian+and+music%27s+muses&rft.place=Vouvry%2C+Switzerland&rft.pages=263&rft.pub=Amoris+Imprint&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781847538895&rft.aulast=Paull&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolia" class="Z3988"></span> "One of the earliest known instrumental settings was Lully's <b>Air des Hautbois</b>, written in 1672 for the <b>Bande des Hautbois</b>."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMather1987" class="citation book cs1">Mather, Betty Bang (1987). <i>Dance rhythms of the French Baroque: a handbook for performance</i>. Music--scholarship and performance. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p. 239. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0253316065" title="Special:BookSources/0253316065"><bdi>0253316065</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dance+rhythms+of+the+French+Baroque%3A+a+handbook+for+performance&rft.place=Bloomington&rft.series=Music--scholarship+and+performance&rft.pages=239&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0253316065&rft.aulast=Mather&rft.aufirst=Betty+Bang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolia" class="Z3988"></span> "The earliest instrumental couplet with the standard form is the one that starts Lully's arrangement of 1670 for Louis XIV's ..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Apel, Willi (1969). <i>Harvard Dictionary of Music</i>, p.323. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-37501-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-37501-7">978-0-674-37501-7</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Randel, Don Michael (1999). <i>The Harvard concise dictionary of music and musicians</i>, p.236. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-00084-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-00084-1">978-0-674-00084-1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>"(...) vt ostenditur in vulgaribus, quas Lusitani, Follias, vocant, ad hoc metri genus et ad hunc canendi modum institutis, qualis est illa."</i> (Chapter 6, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://boethius.music.indiana.edu/tml/16th/SALMUS6">page 308</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.folias.nl/htmlx.html">"Which versions of the later Folia have been written down, transcribed or recorded?"</a>. <i>folias.nl</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=folias.nl&rft.atitle=Which+versions+of+the+later+Folia+have+been+written+down%2C+transcribed+or+recorded%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.folias.nl%2Fhtmlx.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Taize-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Taize_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hymnary.org/tune/laudate_dominum_berthier">"Tune: LAUDATE DOMINUM (Berthier)"</a>. <i>Hymnary.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hymnary.org&rft.atitle=Tune%3A+LAUDATE+DOMINUM+%28Berthier%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hymnary.org%2Ftune%2Flaudate_dominum_berthier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSolís2017" class="citation web cs1">Solís, Jose (18 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170426183905/http://www.popmatters.com/feature/max-richter-on-how-music-helps-him-understand-the-world/">"Max Richter on How Music Helps Him Understand the World"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PopMatters" title="PopMatters">PopMatters</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.popmatters.com/feature/max-richter-on-how-music-helps-him-understand-the-world/">the original</a> on 26 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2017</span>. <q>I decided to use a piece of historical material as the basis for this, which is the Spanish 16th century tune "La Folia" which I subjected to the same kinds of transformations Orlando undergoes <a href="/wiki/Orlando:_A_Biography" title="Orlando: A Biography">in the novel</a> ... The DNA of "La Folia" travels across time in the <i>Orlando</i> music</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PopMatters&rft.atitle=Max+Richter+on+How+Music+Helps+Him+Understand+the+World&rft.date=2017-04-18&rft.aulast=Sol%C3%ADs&rft.aufirst=Jose&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.popmatters.com%2Ffeature%2Fmax-richter-on-how-music-helps-him-understand-the-world%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFolia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.folias.nl/">La Folia - A Musical Cathedral</a></li> <li>La Folia (1490–1701) - Jordi Savall et al. - Alia Vox 9805 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.classicalacarte.net/Fiches/9805.htm">[1]</a></li> <li>Altre Follie (1500–1750), Hespèrion XXI, Jordi Savall - Alia Vox 9844 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.classicalacarte.net/Fiches/9844.htm">[2]</a></li> <li>El Nuevo Mundo - Folias Criollas, Tembembe Ensamble Continuo, La Capella Reial de Catalunya, Hespèrion XXI, dir. Jordi Savall - Alia Vox AVSA9876 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.classicalacarte.net/Fiches/9876.htm">[3]</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bienmesabe.org/noticia/2007/Diciembre/la-folia-canaria-posibles-origenes-peculiaridades-en-su-forma-en-canarias-y-analisis-de-sus-caracteristicas-en-la-actualidad-i">Possible origins of the Folía of the Canary Islands (in Spanish)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://imslp.org/wiki/List_of_compositions_with_the_theme_%22La_Follia%22">A list of musical scores based on the Folia from the Petrucci Music Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/7023803/_La_folia_in_Late_Eighteenth-_and_Early_Nineteenth-Century_Vienna">John A. Rice, "La folia in Late Eighteenth- and Early Nineteenth-Century Vienna"</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Music_of_Spain" title="Template:Music of Spain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Music_of_Spain" title="Template talk:Music of Spain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Music_of_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Music of Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Music_of_Spain102" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Spain" title="Music of Spain">Music of Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolero_(Spanish_dance)" title="Bolero (Spanish dance)">Bolero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_rumba" title="Catalan rumba">Catalan rumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chirigota" title="Chirigota">Chirigota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copla_(music)" title="Copla (music)">Copla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupl%C3%A9" title="Cuplé">Cuplé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endecha" title="Endecha">Endecha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ensalada_(music)" title="Ensalada (music)">Ensalada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fandango" title="Fandango">Fandango</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Folia</a></li> <li>Isa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1cara" title="Jácara">Jácara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jota_(music)" title="Jota (music)">Jota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mui%C3%B1eira" title="Muiñeira">Muiñeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_flamenco" title="New flamenco">New flamenco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Can%C3%A7%C3%B3" title="Nova Cançó">Nova Cançó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passacaglia" title="Passacaglia">Pasacalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasodoble" title="Pasodoble">Pasodoble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_catal%C3%A0" title="Rock català">Rock català</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_urbano" title="Rock urbano">Rock urbano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seguidilla" title="Seguidilla">Seguidilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevillanas" title="Sevillanas">Sevillana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajaraste" title="Tajaraste">Tajaraste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiento" title="Tiento">Tiento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonadilla" title="Tonadilla">Tonadilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tono_humano" title="Tono humano">Tono humano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villancico" title="Villancico">Villancico</a></li> <li>Xiringüelu</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarzuela" title="Zarzuela">Zarzuela</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9nero_chico" title="Género chico">Género chico</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_music" title="Romani music">Romani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Flamenco" title="Flamenco">Flamenco</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Palo_(flamenco)" title="Palo (flamenco)">palos</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alegr%C3%ADas" title="Alegrías">Alegrías</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albore%C3%A1" title="Alboreá">Alboreá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bambera" title="Bambera">Bambera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buler%C3%ADas" title="Bulerías">Bulerías</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cante_flamenco" title="Cante flamenco">Cante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cante_jondo" title="Cante jondo">Cante jondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantes_a_palo_seco" title="Cantes a palo seco">Cantes a palo seco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantes_libres" title="Cantes libres">Cantes libres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canti%C3%B1as" title="Cantiñas">Cantiñas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campanilleros" title="Campanilleros">Campanilleros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartageneras" title="Cartageneras">Cartageneras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farruca" title="Farruca">Farruca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco_jazz" title="Flamenco jazz">Flamenco jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrot%C3%ADn" title="Garrotín">Garrotín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grana%C3%ADna" title="Granaína">Granaína</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guajiras_(Flamenco)" title="Guajiras (Flamenco)">Guajiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malague%C3%B1as_(flamenco_style)" title="Malagueñas (flamenco style)">Malagueñas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinetes" title="Martinetes">Martinetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peteneras" title="Peteneras">Peteneras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo_(flamenco_palo)" title="Polo (flamenco palo)">Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumba_flamenca" title="Rumba flamenca">Rumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeta_(flamenco)" title="Saeta (flamenco)">Saeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siguiriyas" title="Siguiriyas">Siguiriyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sole%C3%A1" title="Soleá">Soleá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sole%C3%A1_por_Buler%C3%ADas" class="mw-redirect" title="Soleá por Bulerías">Soleá por Bulerías</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tango_(flamenco)" title="Tango (flamenco)">Tango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarantas" title="Tarantas">Tarantas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tientos_(Flamenco)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tientos (Flamenco)">Tientos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ton%C3%A1s" title="Tonás">Tonás</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdiales" title="Verdiales">Verdiales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambra" title="Zambra">Zambra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_music#Spain" title="Romani music">Romani (Gypsy)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:C._F._Martin_Spanish-style_guitar_(c.1845),_Martin_Style_3-17_(1859)_-_C.F._Martin_Guitar_Factory_2012-08-06_-_011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/C._F._Martin_Spanish-style_guitar_%28c.1845%29%2C_Martin_Style_3-17_%281859%29_-_C.F._Martin_Guitar_Factory_2012-08-06_-_011.jpg/100px-C._F._Martin_Spanish-style_guitar_%28c.1845%29%2C_Martin_Style_3-17_%281859%29_-_C.F._Martin_Guitar_Factory_2012-08-06_-_011.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/C._F._Martin_Spanish-style_guitar_%28c.1845%29%2C_Martin_Style_3-17_%281859%29_-_C.F._Martin_Guitar_Factory_2012-08-06_-_011.jpg/150px-C._F._Martin_Spanish-style_guitar_%28c.1845%29%2C_Martin_Style_3-17_%281859%29_-_C.F._Martin_Guitar_Factory_2012-08-06_-_011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/C._F._Martin_Spanish-style_guitar_%28c.1845%29%2C_Martin_Style_3-17_%281859%29_-_C.F._Martin_Guitar_Factory_2012-08-06_-_011.jpg/200px-C._F._Martin_Spanish-style_guitar_%28c.1845%29%2C_Martin_Style_3-17_%281859%29_-_C.F._Martin_Guitar_Factory_2012-08-06_-_011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="4752" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music by region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Andalusia" title="Music of Andalusia">Andalusia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Aragon" title="Music of Aragon">Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Balearic_Islands" title="Music of the Balearic Islands">Balearic Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_music" title="Basque music">Basque Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Canary_Islands" title="Music of the Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Castile_and_Leon" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Castile and Leon">Castile and Leon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Catalonia" title="Music of Catalonia">Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Extremadura" title="Music of Extremadura">Extremadura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_music_of_Galicia,_Cantabria_and_Asturias" title="Traditional music of Galicia, Cantabria and Asturias">Galicia, Cantabria and Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Murcia" title="Music of Murcia">Murcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Navarre_and_La_Rioja" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Navarre and La Rioja">Navarre and La Rioja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Valencia" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Valencia">Valencia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music by genre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_folk_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish folk music">Spanish folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_jazz" title="Spanish jazz">Spanish jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish hip hop">Spanish hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_opera" title="Spanish opera">Spanish opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish rock">Spanish rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music festivals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benidorm_International_Song_Festival" title="Benidorm International Song Festival">Benidorm International Song Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest">Eurovision Song Contest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benidorm_Fest" title="Benidorm Fest">Benidorm Fest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival_Internacional_de_Santander" title="Festival Internacional de Santander">Festival Internacional de Santander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain_in_the_OTI_Festival" title="Spain in the OTI Festival">OTI Festival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musical instruments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alboka" title="Alboka">Alboka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandurria" title="Bandurria">Bandurria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castanets" title="Castanets">Castanets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_shawm" title="Catalan shawm">Catalan shawm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A1caras" title="Chácaras">Chácaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-strung_harp" title="Cross-strung harp">Cross-strung harp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulzaina" title="Dulzaina">Dulzaina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscorn" title="Fiscorn">Fiscorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flabiol" title="Flabiol">Flabiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaita_gastore%C3%B1a" title="Gaita gastoreña">Gaita gastoreña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gralla_(instrument)" title="Gralla (instrument)">Gralla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guitarra_de_canya" title="Guitarra de canya">Guitarra de canya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guitarro_(instrument)" title="Guitarro (instrument)">Guitarro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirikoketa" title="Kirikoketa">Kirikoketa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmas_(music)" title="Palmas (music)">Palmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalterium_(instrument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Psalterium (instrument)">Psalterium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabel_(instrument)" title="Rabel (instrument)">Rabel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambori" title="Tambori">Tambori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timple" title="Timple">Timple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trikiti" title="Trikiti">Trikiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Txalaparta" title="Txalaparta">Txalaparta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Txistu" title="Txistu">Txistu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vihuela" title="Vihuela">Vihuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viol" title="Viol">Viol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xirula" title="Xirula">Xirula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friction_drum" title="Friction drum">Zambomba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_bagpipes#Spain_and_Portugal" title="List of bagpipes">Gaita</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaita_asturiana" title="Gaita asturiana">Asturian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaita_de_boto" title="Gaita de boto">de boto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaita_cabreiresa" title="Gaita cabreiresa">Cabreiresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_gaita" title="Galician gaita">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odrecillo" title="Odrecillo">Odrecillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaita_de_saco" title="Gaita de saco">de saco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaita_sanabresa" title="Gaita sanabresa">Sanabresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sac_de_gemecs" title="Sac de gemecs">Sac de gemecs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xeremia" title="Xeremia">Xeremia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Guitar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_guitar" title="Baroque guitar">Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_guitar" title="Classical guitar">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco_guitar" title="Flamenco guitar">Flamenco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guitarra_latina" title="Guitarra latina">Latina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guitarra_morisca" title="Guitarra morisca">Morisca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music ensembles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cobla" title="Cobla">Cobla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charanga_(Spain)" 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