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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Se connectar</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l'edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Mas_discussions" title="La pagina de discussion per aquesta adreça IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Començament</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geografia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Geografia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Topografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Topografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clima" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clima"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Clima</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clima-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mitan_naturau" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mitan_naturau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Mitan naturau</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mitan_naturau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Demografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lengas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lengas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Lengas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lengas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Religions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Istòria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istòria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Istòria</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Istòria-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Istòria</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Istòria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lo_premier_poblament_de_l'illa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lo_premier_poblament_de_l'illa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Lo premier poblament de l'illa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lo_premier_poblament_de_l'illa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_formacion_dau_pòble_malgash" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_formacion_dau_pòble_malgash"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>La formacion dau pòble malgash</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_formacion_dau_pòble_malgash-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lei_premiers_contactes_amb_leis_Europèus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lei_premiers_contactes_amb_leis_Europèus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Lei premiers contactes amb leis Europèus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lei_premiers_contactes_amb_leis_Europèus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lo_Reiaume_Merina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lo_Reiaume_Merina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Lo Reiaume Merina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lo_Reiaume_Merina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_conquista_francesa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_conquista_francesa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>La conquista francesa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_conquista_francesa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-De_la_colonizacion_a_l'insureccion_de_1947" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De_la_colonizacion_a_l'insureccion_de_1947"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>De la colonizacion a l'insureccion de 1947</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-De_la_colonizacion_a_l'insureccion_de_1947-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-De_l'insureccion_de_1947_a_l'independéncia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De_l'insureccion_de_1947_a_l'independéncia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>De l'insureccion de 1947 a l'independéncia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-De_l'insureccion_de_1947_a_l'independéncia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Madagascar_dempuei_l'independéncia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Madagascar_dempuei_l'independéncia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Madagascar dempuei l'independéncia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Madagascar_dempuei_l'independéncia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organizacion_politica_e_territòriala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizacion_politica_e_territòriala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Organizacion politica e territòriala</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organizacion_politica_e_territòriala-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Organizacion politica e territòriala</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organizacion_politica_e_territòriala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Organizacion_politica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizacion_politica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Organizacion politica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organizacion_politica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organizacion_territòriala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizacion_territòriala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Organizacion territòriala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organizacion_territòriala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Simbòls_nacionaus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Simbòls_nacionaus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Simbòls nacionaus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Simbòls_nacionaus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diplomacia_e_defensa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diplomacia_e_defensa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Diplomacia e defensa</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Diplomacia_e_defensa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Diplomacia e defensa</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Diplomacia_e_defensa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Diplomacia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diplomacia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Diplomacia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diplomacia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fòrças_armadas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fòrças_armadas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Fòrças armadas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fòrças_armadas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Revendicacions_territòrialas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revendicacions_territòrialas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Revendicacions territòrialas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revendicacions_territòrialas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Cultura</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cultura-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Cultura</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arquitectura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arquitectura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Arquitectura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arquitectura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Literatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Musica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teatre_e_dança" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teatre_e_dança"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Teatre e dança</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teatre_e_dança-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cinèma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cinèma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Cinèma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cinèma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liames_intèrnes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liames_intèrnes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Liames intèrnes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liames_intèrnes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nòtas_e_referéncias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Nòtas e referéncias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Somari" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Taula de continguts" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Madagascar</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 252 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-252" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">252 lengas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мадагаскар - abkhaz" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Мадагаскар" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhaz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - atjeh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="atjeh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - aleman de Soïssa" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="aleman de Soïssa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9B%E1%8B%B3%E1%8C%8B%E1%88%B5%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%AD" title="ማዳጋስካር - amaric" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ማዳጋስካር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - aragonés" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - anglès antic" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="anglès antic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagasika" title="Madagasika - obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Madagasika" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="माडागास्कार - angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="माडागास्कार" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%BA%D8%B4%D9%82%D8%B1" title="مدغشقر - arabi" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مدغشقر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%DD%A3%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="ماداݣاسكار - arabe marocain" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ماداݣاسكار" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabe marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="مادجاسكار - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مادجاسكار" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0" title="মাদাগাস্কাৰ - assamès" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মাদাগাস্কাৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagasikara" title="Madagasikara - kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Madagasikara" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madaqaskar" title="Madaqaskar - azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Madaqaskar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="ماداقاسکار - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ماداقاسکار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мадагаскар - baixkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мадагаскар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baixkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - balinés" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - bavarès" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskars" title="Madagaskars - samogitien" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Madagaskars" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - batak toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="batak toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мадагаскар - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мадагаскар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мадагаскар - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мадагаскар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мадагаскар - bulgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мадагаскар" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0" title="मेडागास्कर - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मेडागास्कर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="মাদাগাস্কার - bengalin" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মাদাগাস্কার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%B1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="མ་ད་གཱ་སི་ཀར། - tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མ་ད་གཱ་སི་ཀར།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="মাদাগাস্কার - bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মাদাগাস্কার" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - bosniac" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мадагаскар - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Мадагаскар" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мадагаскар - chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Мадагаскар" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - cebuan" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - xeiene" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="xeiene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="ماداگاسکار - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ماداگاسکار" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascara" title="Madagascara - còrs" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Madagascara" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="còrs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - tàtar de Crimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tàtar de Crimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - chèc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - caixubi" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="caixubi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Мадагаскар Республики - chovash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Мадагаскар Республики" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chovash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagasgar" title="Madagasgar - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Madagasgar" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - danés" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - alemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagathkar" title="Madagathkar - dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Madagathkar" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - baix sòrab" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="baix sòrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0" title="मडागास्कर - Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="मडागास्कर" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%89%DE%A6%DE%91%DE%A6%DE%8E%DE%A6%DE%90%DE%B0%DE%86%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%A6" title="މަޑަގަސްކަރަ - divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="މަޑަގަސްކަރަ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malagasi" title="Malagasi - ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Malagasi" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B7" title="Μαδαγασκάρη - grèc" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαδαγασκάρη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - anglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskaro" title="Madagaskaro - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Madagaskaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - espanhòl" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascal" title="Madagascal - extremeny" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Madagascal" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="extremeny" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="ماداگاسکار - perse" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ماداگاسکار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaska" title="Madagaska - ful" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Madagaska" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="ful" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="article recomanat"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - finlandés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madaqasika" title="Madaqasika - fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Madaqasika" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - feroés" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascart%C3%B2" title="Madagascartò - fòn" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Madagascartò" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="fòn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagasc%C3%A2r" title="Madagascâr - francoprovençal" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Madagascâr" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="francoprovençal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - frisó septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisó septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - gagaús" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagaús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - créole guyanais" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="créole guyanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - gaelic escossés" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelic escossés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandagaka" title="Mandagaka - guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mandagaka" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - Ghanaian Pidgin" lang="gpe" hreflang="gpe" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Ghanaian Pidgin" data-language-local-name="Ghanaian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ghanaian Pidgin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%A1%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%B0" title="મડાગાસ્કર - gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મડાગાસ્કર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gur mw-list-item"><a href="https://gur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - gurenne" lang="gur" hreflang="gur" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Farefare" data-language-local-name="gurenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Farefare</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - haussa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haussa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - xinès hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="xinès hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%92%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%A8" title="מדגסקר - ebrèu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מדגסקר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebrèu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0" title="मेडागास्कर - Indi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मेडागास्कर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Indi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - hindi de Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi de Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - naut sorab" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="naut sorab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - crioll d’Haití" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="crioll d’Haití" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaszk%C3%A1r" title="Madagaszkár - ongrés" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Madagaszkár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ongrés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Մադագասկար - armèni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մադագասկար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armèni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BD%D6%84%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Մատակասքար - arménien occidental" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Մատակասքար" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="arménien occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%80%E3%82%AC%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AB" title="マダガスカル - japonés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マダガスカル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagiaska" title="Madagiaska - crioll anglès de Jamaica" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Madagiaska" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="crioll anglès de Jamaica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhagaskar" title="Madhagaskar - javanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Madhagaskar" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="მადაგასკარი - georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მადაგასკარი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - cabil" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madakas%C9%A9kar%C9%A9" title="Madakasɩkarɩ - Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Madakasɩkarɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mada%CC%B1ga%CC%B1si%CC%B1ka" title="Mada̱ga̱si̱ka - tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Mada̱ga̱si̱ka" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malagasi" title="Malagasi - kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Malagasi" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - kikuiu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuiu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мадагаскар - cazac" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мадагаскар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6" title="ម៉ាដាហ្កាស្កា - cambojian" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ម៉ាដាហ្កាស្កា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="cambojian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಮಡಗಾಸ್ಕರ್ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಡಗಾಸ್ಕರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%8B%A4%EA%B0%80%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%B4" title="마다가스카르 - corean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마다가스카르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="corean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - curd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - cornic" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мадагаскар - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мадагаскар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascaria" title="Madagascaria - latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Madagascaria" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - ladin" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - luxemborgés" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemborgés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagasicara" title="Madagasicara - lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Madagasicara" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - limburguès" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - lígur" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="lígur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - ladí" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="ladí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - llombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="llombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagasikari" title="Madagasikari - lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Madagasikari" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskaras" title="Madagaskaras - lituan" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Madagaskaras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskars" title="Madagaskars - latgalien" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Madagaskars" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="latgalien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskara" title="Madagaskara - leton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Madagaskara" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="leton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мадагаскар - mordovià moksa" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Мадагаскар" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mordovià moksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagasikara" title="Madagasikara - malgash" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Madagasikara" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marak%C4%81hia" title="Marakāhia - maòri" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Marakāhia" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maòri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мадагаскар - macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мадагаскар" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BC" title="മഡഗാസ്കർ - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മഡഗാസ്കർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мадагаскар - mongòl" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мадагаскар" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%94" title="ꯃꯦꯗꯒꯥꯁ꯭ꯀꯔ - manipurí" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯃꯦꯗꯒꯥꯁ꯭ꯀꯔ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipurí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0" title="मादागास्कर - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मादागास्कर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мадагаскар - mari occidental" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Мадагаскар" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="mari occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - maltés" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%92%E1%80%AB%E1%80%82%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="မဒါဂတ်စကားနိုင်ငံ - birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မဒါဂတ်စကားနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="ماداگاسکار - mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ماداگاسکار" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - baix alemany" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baix alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - baix saxó" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="baix saxó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0" title="माडागास्कर - nepalés" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="माडागास्कर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0" title="मादागास्कर - newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मादागास्कर" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - norvegian nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegian nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - norvegian bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegian bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - sotho septentrional" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotho septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mag%C3%AD_Bitsee%CA%BC_Nood%C7%AB%CC%81z%C3%AD_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Magí Bitseeʼ Noodǫ́zí Bikéyah - navaho" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Magí Bitseeʼ Noodǫ́zí Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navaho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskaar" title="Madagaskaar - oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Madagaskaar" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мадагаскар - osseta" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Мадагаскар" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osseta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0" title="ਮਾਦਾਗਾਸਕਰ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਾਦਾਗਾਸਕਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - papiament" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiament" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - alemany pennsilvanià" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="alemany pennsilvanià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0" title="मडगास्कर - pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="मडगास्कर" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - polonés" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - piemontès" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%88%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%B1" title="مڈغاسکر - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مڈغاسکر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B7%CE%BD" title="Μαδαγασκάρην - pòntic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Μαδαγασκάρην" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="pòntic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%B1" title="مادغاسکر - pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مادغاسکر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madag%C3%A1scar" title="Madagáscar - portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Madagáscar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathaqaskar" title="Mathaqaskar - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Mathaqaskar" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мадагаскар - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мадагаскар" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagasikari" title="Madagasikari - ruandès" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Madagasikari" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="ruandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0" title="मडगास्कर - sanscrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मडगास्कर" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мадагаскар - iacut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Мадагаскар" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8" title="ᱢᱟᱫᱟᱜᱟᱥᱠᱟᱨ - santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱟᱫᱟᱜᱟᱥᱠᱟᱨ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagasc%C3%A0r" title="Madagascàr - sard" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Madagascàr" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - escossés" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escossés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%8A%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%AA%D8%B1" title="مڊگاسڪر - sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مڊگاسڪر" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - sami septentrional" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagask%C3%A4ra" title="Madagaskära - sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Madagaskära" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mada%C9%A3acqar" title="Madaɣacqar - taixelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Madaɣacqar" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="taixelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%81%A2%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%90%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%81%B5%E1%81%A2%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%9E%E1%81%B5%E1%82%83%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းမၢတ်ႈတႃႇၵၢတ်ႈသၵႃႇ - xan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းမၢတ်ႈတႃႇၵၢတ်ႈသၵႃႇ" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="xan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%A9%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BA" title="මැඩගස්කරය - singalès" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මැඩගස්කරය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - eslovèn" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovèn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - sami d’Inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="sami d’Inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matagadzikwa" title="Matagadzikwa - shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Matagadzikwa" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskari" title="Madagaskari - albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Madagaskari" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мадагаскар - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мадагаскар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMadagasikha" title="IMadagasikha - swazi" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IMadagasikha" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="swazi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - soto del sud" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="soto del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - saterlandais" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - sondanès" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sondanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - suedés" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaska" title="Madagaska - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Madagaska" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - silesià" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silesià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="மடகாசுகர் - tamol" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மடகாசுகர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="మడగాస్కర్ - telogó" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మడగాస్కర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telogó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мадагаскар - tajic" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Мадагаскар" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ประเทศมาดากัสการ์ - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศมาดากัสการ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9B%E1%8B%B3%E1%8C%8B%E1%88%B5%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%AD" title="ማዳጋስካር - tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ማዳጋስካር" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - turcmèn" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turcmèn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - tagal" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - talix" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matakasika" title="Matakasika - tongalès" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Matakasika" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tongalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мадагаскар - tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мадагаскар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matatatihata" title="Matatatihata - tahician" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Matatatihata" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="tahician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мадагаскар - udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Мадагаскар" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="ماداگاسكار - oigor" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ماداگاسكار" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="oigor" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мадагаскар - ucrainés" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мадагаскар" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucrainés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%88%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%B1" title="مڈغاسکر - ordó" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مڈغاسکر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ordó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - ozbèc" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ozbèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - vènet" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vènet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - vepse" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - vietnamian" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar - flamenc occidental" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Madagaskar" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="flamenc occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malagase%C3%A4n" title="Malagaseän - volapuc" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Malagaseän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - való" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="való" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagaskaar" title="Madagaskaar - wòlof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Madagaskaar" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wòlof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%81%94%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0" title="馬達加斯加 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="馬達加斯加" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="მადაგასკარი - mingrelià" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მადაგასკარი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%93%D7%90%D7%92%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A8" title="מאדאגאסקאר - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מאדאגאסקאר" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madag%C3%A1s%C3%ADk%C3%A0" title="Madagásíkà - yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Madagásíkà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madahaskar" title="Madahaskar - zelandès" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Madahaskar" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zelandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B7%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B3%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%99%E2%B4%BD%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%94" title="ⵎⴰⴷⴰⴳⴰⵙⴽⴰⵔ - amazic estàndard marroquí" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵎⴰⴷⴰⴳⴰⵙⴽⴰⵔ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="amazic estàndard marroquí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%BE%BE%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0" title="马达加斯加 - chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="马达加斯加" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%81%94%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0" title="馬達加斯加 - xinès clàssic" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="馬達加斯加" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="xinès clàssic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Madagascar" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%81%94%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0" title="馬達加斯加 - cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="馬達加斯加" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMadagasika" title="IMadagasika - zólo" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IMadagasika" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zólo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1019#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modificar los ligams interlenga" class="wbc-editpage">Modificar los ligams</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espacis de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Veire l’article [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discutir:Madagascar&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussion a prepaus d'aquesta pagina (la pagina existís pas) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">occitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Afichatges"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Madagascar"><span>Legir</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit" title="Modificar aquela pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit" title="Modificar lo còdi font d'aquela pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=history" title="Los autors e versions precedentas d'aquesta pagina. 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2459348">.mw-parser-output .infobox{background:#f9f9f9;color:#000;font-size:90%;line-height:1.6em;float:right;clear:right;margin:.5em 0 .5em 1em;width:22.5em;border:1px solid #c2c2c1;border-spacing:5px}.mw-parser-output .infobox td,.mw-parser-output .infobox th{vertical-align:super;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered th{border:1px solid #c2c2c1}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless th{border:0}@media only screen and (max-width:600px){.mw-parser-output .infobox{border:1px solid #e7e7e7}}.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton button,.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton .mw-collapsible-text{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow th{border:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow th{border:0;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia{border:1px solid #ccd2d9;text-align:left;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .mergedtoprow,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .mergedtoprow{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .mergedrow,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .mergedrow{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .mergedbottomrow,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .mergedbottomrow{border-top:0;border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-geografia-text{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-geografia-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-geografia-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2459348" /> <table class="infobox infobox infobox geografia vcard" style="font-size:90%;width:25em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold">Madagascar <div style="padding-top: 0.25em;font-weight:normal"><small><i>Repoblikan'i Madagasikara<br />République de Madagascar<br /></i></small></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><div style="display:grid; grid-template-columns:auto 50%; align-items:center; text-align:center;"> <div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Flag_of_Madagascar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/120px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/180px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/240px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Seal_of_Madagascar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Seal_of_Madagascar.svg/75px-Seal_of_Madagascar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Seal_of_Madagascar.svg/113px-Seal_of_Madagascar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Seal_of_Madagascar.svg/150px-Seal_of_Madagascar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> </div> <div><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q103019" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q103019">Bandièra</a></div> <div><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q271203" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q271203">Escut d'armas</a></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;"><center><a href="/wiki/Devisa_nacionala" title="Devisa nacionala">Devisa</a>: <i>Tanindrazana, Fahafahana, Fandrosoana</i></center></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;"><center><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Localizacion"><img alt="Localizacion" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/MDG_orthographic.svg/270px-MDG_orthographic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/MDG_orthographic.svg/405px-MDG_orthographic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/MDG_orthographic.svg/540px-MDG_orthographic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></span><figcaption>Localizacion</figcaption></figure></center></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold">Capitala<div class="ib-geografia-text">e ciutat mai granda</div></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"><a href="/wiki/Antananarivo" title="Antananarivo">Antananarivo</a><br /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" title="Mapas, vistas aerianas, etc."><a class="external text" href="http://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=oc&pagename=Madagascar&params=20_S_47_E_"><span class="h-geo geo-dms"><data class="p-latitude" value="-20">20° S</data>, <data class="p-longitude" value="47">47° E</data></span></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold">Forma de govèrn</div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"><a href="/wiki/Republica" title="Republica">Republica</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><div class="ib-geografia-text"><a href="/wiki/Lista_dels_presidents_de_Madagascar" title="Lista dels presidents de Madagascar">President</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Lista_dels_primi%C3%A8rs_ministres_de_Madagascar" title="Lista dels primièrs ministres de Madagascar">Primièr ministre</a></div></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"><a href="/wiki/Andry_Rajoelina" title="Andry Rajoelina">Andry Rajoelina</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Ntsay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian Ntsay (la pagina existís pas)">Christian Ntsay</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Independ%C3%A9ncia" title="Independéncia">Independéncia</a></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Superf%C3%ADcia" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Superfícia">Superfícia</a></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"><a href="/wiki/Lista_dels_pa%C3%AFses_per_superf%C3%ADcia" title="Lista dels païses per superfícia"> 46<sup>en</sup></a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><div class="ib-geografia-text">• Totala </div></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right">587 040 <abbr title="quilometre(s) carrat(s)">km²</abbr></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><div class="ib-geografia-text">• Aiga </div></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"><span class="nowrap">0,95 %</span> %</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Populacion" title="Populacion">Populacion</a></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"><a href="/wiki/Lista_dels_pa%C3%AFses_per_populacion" title="Lista dels païses per populacion">55<sup>en</sup></a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><div class="ib-geografia-text">• Totala (2015)</div></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right">2 381 268 ab.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><div class="ib-geografia-text">• <a href="/wiki/Densitat_de_populacion" title="Densitat de populacion">Densitat</a></div></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right">36.25 ab./<abbr title="quilometre(s) carrat(s)">km²</abbr></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Lista_dels_indicatius_telefonics_internacionals_per_pa%C3%ADs" title="Lista dels indicatius telefonics internacionals per país">Indicatiu telefonic</a></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right">+261</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Domeni_de_primi%C3%A8r_niv%C3%A8l" title="Domeni de primièr nivèl">Domeni internet</a></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"><a href="/wiki/.mg" title=".mg">.mg</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Madagascar</b> es una illa granda e un <a href="/wiki/Estat" title="Estat">estat</a> d'<a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> Orientala. D'una superficia de 587 040 km², sa capitala es <a href="/wiki/Antananarivo" title="Antananarivo">Antananarivo</a>. A una populacion de 23,2 milions d'abitants (2014) quasi unicament eissits dau pòble malgash. Son installacion aguèt luec dins de circonstàncias mau conegudas, probablament dau sègle VII au sègle XVI. Li formèt una tiera de reiaumes independents mai gardèt en partida son unitat culturala, especialament sa <a href="/wiki/Lenga" title="Lenga">lenga</a>. A partir de la fin dau sègle XVI, d'estats poderós acomencèron de si formar. Aqueu procès contunièt fins a l'emergéncia dau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reiaume_Merina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reiaume Merina (la pagina existís pas)">Reiaume Merina</a> que dominèt la quasi totalitat dau territòri malgash au sègle XVIII. Pasmens, deguèt faciar leis ambicions dei poissanças colonialas <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francesa</a> e <a href="/wiki/Reialme_Unit" title="Reialme Unit">britanica</a> que luchèron per establir sa dominacion dins l'illa. Finalament atribuida a <a href="/wiki/Par%C3%ADs" title="París">París</a>, Madagascar venguèt un <a href="/wiki/Protectorat" title="Protectorat">protectorat</a> puei una colonia francesa a la fin dau sègle XIX. Venguèt tornarmai independenta en 1960 amb l'afondrament de l'Empèri Francés. </p><p>Lo gentilici es <b>malgash -a</b>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografia">Geografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modificar la seccion : Geografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Geografia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topografia">Topografia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modificar la seccion : Topografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Topografia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tleft" style="width:545px;"> <div class="thumbinner"> <div style="float:left;margin:1px;width:182px;"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Imerina_countryside_riziere_rice_paddies_Madagascar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="terraced emerald paddy fields checker softly rolling hills" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Imerina_countryside_riziere_rice_paddies_Madagascar.jpg/180px-Imerina_countryside_riziere_rice_paddies_Madagascar.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Imerina_countryside_riziere_rice_paddies_Madagascar.jpg/270px-Imerina_countryside_riziere_rice_paddies_Madagascar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Imerina_countryside_riziere_rice_paddies_Madagascar.jpg/360px-Imerina_countryside_riziere_rice_paddies_Madagascar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="656" /></a></span></div></div> <div style="float:left;margin:1px;width:192px;"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Rainforestmadagascar04.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Hills covered with dense blue green tropical forests" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Rainforestmadagascar04.tif/lossless-page1-190px-Rainforestmadagascar04.tif.png" decoding="async" width="190" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Rainforestmadagascar04.tif/lossless-page1-285px-Rainforestmadagascar04.tif.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Rainforestmadagascar04.tif/lossless-page1-380px-Rainforestmadagascar04.tif.png 2x" data-file-width="1535" data-file-height="945" /></a></span></div></div> <div style="float:left;margin:1px;width:157px;"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Beach_in_Madagascar_with_pirogues_and_palm_trees.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="White sand beach lined with palm trees along a turquoise sea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Beach_in_Madagascar_with_pirogues_and_palm_trees.jpg/155px-Beach_in_Madagascar_with_pirogues_and_palm_trees.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Beach_in_Madagascar_with_pirogues_and_palm_trees.jpg/233px-Beach_in_Madagascar_with_pirogues_and_palm_trees.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Beach_in_Madagascar_with_pirogues_and_palm_trees.jpg/310px-Beach_in_Madagascar_with_pirogues_and_palm_trees.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></div> <div class="thumbcaption" style="clear:left;text-align:left;background:transparent;">Lei risièras sus faissas dei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nautas_T%C3%A8rras_Centralas_(Madagascar)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nautas Tèrras Centralas (Madagascar) (la pagina existís pas)">tèrras autas centralas</a> de Madagascar (senestra) laissan plaça a la selva pluviala tropicala long de la còsta èst (centre) en riba de l'<a href="/wiki/Ocean_Indian" title="Ocean Indian">Ocean Indian</a> (drecha).</div></div></div> <p>L'illa de Madagascar a una superficia d'environ 587 000 km². D'una longor de 1 600 km, si situa entre 12 e 26° de <a href="/wiki/Latitud" title="Latitud">latitud</a> sud e a una largor que pòu agantar 500 km. Es separada de l'<a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> continentala per lo <a href="/wiki/Canau_de_Mo%C3%A7ambic" class="mw-redirect" title="Canau de Moçambic">Canau de Moçambic</a> que sa prefondor pòu passar 3 000 m. <a href="/wiki/Geologia" title="Geologia">Geologicament</a>, es eissida de <a href="/wiki/Gondwana" title="Gondwana">Gondwana</a> e sa basa es un sòcle precambrian que cuebre lei dos tèrç de sa superficia. En causa de l'erosion, es generalament fach de còlas mai certanei regions son marcadas per de relèus pus importants d'origina granitica e volcanica que forman lei Tèrras Autas (au dessüs de 1 000 m) e lo Grand Desbauç Orientau. Si troba la cima pus auta de l'illa (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsaratanana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsaratanana (la pagina existís pas)">Tsaratanana</a>, 2 886 m). A l'oèst, si troba dos grands bacins sedimentaris que presentan un relèu de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuesta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cuesta (la pagina existís pas)">cuesta</a> amb de gres e de cauquiers. </p><p>Madagascar presenta un ret idrografic complèx format d'un nombre important de rius qu'an un perfieu similar. An una fònt situada dins lei regions d'altitud e un escorrement relativament rapide en direccion de l'<a href="/wiki/Ocean_Indian" title="Ocean Indian">Ocean Indian</a>, especialament dins la partida orientala de l'illa onte lo plan costier a una largor febla. Dins la partida occidentala, la preséncia dei bacins sedimentaris aumenta la longor dei rius e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangoky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mangoky (la pagina existís pas)">Mangoky</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Betsiboka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Betsiboka (la pagina existís pas)">Betsiboka</a> passan 500 km. En causa dau clima tropicau malgasha, aquelei rius an de debits que presentan de variacions fòrtas dins lo corrent de l'annada. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clima">Clima</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modificar la seccion : Clima" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Clima"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Madagascar pòu èsser devesida entre cinc zònas climaticas principalas : </p> <ul><li>au nòrd e au nòrd-oèst, lei precipitacions li son abondosas durant la <a href="/wiki/Mosson" class="mw-disambig" title="Mosson">mosson</a> (decembre-abriu). Lo clima li es de tipe <a href="/wiki/Clima_tropical" title="Clima tropical">tropicau</a> amb de temperaturas situadas entre 15 e 37°C.</li> <li>lòng de la costat èst, lo clima li es tanben tropicau. Dins aquò, a la particularitat d'èsser expausat tota l'<a href="/wiki/Annada" title="Annada">annada</a> a l'influéncia deis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alisi (la pagina existís pas)">alisis</a>. De genier a març, l'endrech pòu tanben èsser tocat per de <a href="/wiki/Ciclon_tropical" title="Ciclon tropical">ciclons</a>.</li> <li>a l'oèst, la màger part dau territòri receu mens de plueias e presenta un clima tropicau amb de <a href="/wiki/Savana" title="Savana">savanas</a>. Lei temperaturas li varian entre 10 e 37°C.</li> <li>dins lo centre de l'illa, lei Tèrras Autas, sustot situadas entre 1 000 e 1 250 m, an un clima subtropicau amb de plueias estivencas. La temperatura mejana es d'environ 20°C.</li> <li>dins lo sud extrèm, lo clima es de tipe subdesertic. Li es pus sec e lei plueias pus raras amb una amplitud termica importanta entre -6 e 40°C.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mitan_naturau">Mitan naturau</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modificar la seccion : Mitan naturau" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Mitan naturau"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Fianarantsoa-people.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Fianarantsoa-people.jpg/220px-Fianarantsoa-people.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Fianarantsoa-people.jpg/330px-Fianarantsoa-people.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Fianarantsoa-people.jpg/440px-Fianarantsoa-people.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2120" data-file-height="1452" /></a><figcaption>La deforestacion e l'erosion daus sòls son doas grandas causas de degradacion environamentala.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Ground_chameleon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Ground_chameleon.jpg/220px-Ground_chameleon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Ground_chameleon.jpg/330px-Ground_chameleon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Ground_chameleon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="406" data-file-height="325" /></a><figcaption>Madagascar abriga una dei faunas endemicas pus ricas au monde, en via rapida de regression.</figcaption></figure> <p>Fòrça espandit entre l'<a href="/wiki/Eq%C3%BCator" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Eqüator">eqüator</a> e lo <a href="/wiki/Tropic_del_Capric%C3%B2rne" title="Tropic del Capricòrne">Tropic dau Capricòrne</a>, Madagascar presenta una paleta de paisatges d'una diversitat prodigiosa. Escuèlhs de <a href="/wiki/Coralh" title="Coralh">coralh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plaja" title="Plaja">plajas</a> de sabla fina, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbre_del_viatjaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arbre del viatjaire (la pagina existís pas)">arbres dau viatjaire</a>, bòscs de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adansonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adansonia (la pagina existís pas)">baobabs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mangr%C3%B2va" title="Mangròva">mangròvas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sabana" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabana">sabanas</a>. La còsta nòrd-oèst es protegida per una barrièra coraliana coma un atòl. Lo litorau orientau es una cadena de bauçs coronats d'arbres gigants. A l'interior, au nòrd, de combas fertilas ; au sud, una brossa d'espinós ; au centre, de montanhas. </p><p>L'illa serva pas pus qu'un partida dau <a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%B2sc_primari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bòsc primari (la pagina existís pas)">bòsc primari</a> originau, mas demòra un deis endrech pus rics en tèrmes de <a href="/wiki/Biodiversitat" title="Biodiversitat">biodiversitat</a> sus la planèta, amb nombrosas espècias de fauna e de flòra <a href="/wiki/Endemisme" title="Endemisme">endemicas</a>. </p><p>En 2003, <a href="/wiki/Marc_Ravalomanana" title="Marc Ravalomanana">Marc Ravalomanana</a> anoncièt que triplariá la superfícia deis airaus protegits de l’illa per aténher sièis milions d’<a href="/wiki/Ectara" title="Ectara">ectaras</a>. En <a href="/wiki/Decembre" title="Decembre">decembre</a> de <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>, lo país creèt un milion d’ectaras d’airaus protegits novèus. En 2007, pus d’un milion d’ectaras suplementàrias (siá un totau de <span class="nowrap">3,7 milions</span> d’ectaras) qu'enclau : </p> <ul><li>lo <i>corredor biologic / corredor forestier</i> « Fandriana-Vondrozo » ;</li> <li>lo complèxe de lacs, ribièras e bòsc de zonas umidas de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Complexe_Mahavavy_Kinkony&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Complexe Mahavavy Kinkony (la pagina existís pas)">Mahavavy-Kinkony</a> (còsta nòrd-oèst) dins lo Districte de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsinjo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitsinjo (la pagina existís pas)">Mitsinjo</a> (Sud-èst) e enclausent lo segond lac pus grand dau país, a aperaquí <span class="nowrap">80 km</span> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahajanga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahajanga (la pagina existís pas)">Mahajanga</a>. Malgrat la preséncia de l’industria sucrièra Sirama, aqueu complèxe es d'una extrêma richessa en <a href="/wiki/Biodiversitat" title="Biodiversitat">biodiversitat</a> e associa la ribièra de Mahavavy, lo lac Kinkony, lo bòsc de Tsiombikibo, la baia de Boeny Aranta e lei <a href="/wiki/Mangr%C3%B2va" title="Mangròva">mangròvas</a> litoralas. Sus 30 espècias de peis, cinc son endemicas ; sur <span class="nowrap">18 espècias</span> de reptils, 12 son endemicas ; sus <span class="nowrap">133 espècias</span> d’aucèus, 57 son terrèstras dont <span class="nowrap">45 endemica</span> e 76 son aqüaticas dont 23 son endemicas ; quatre lemurids, un rosegaire e un carnivòr benefician tanben de proteccion ;</li> <li>lo bòsc sèc centrau de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Menabe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Menabe (la pagina existís pas)">Menabe</a> (sud-oèst de l'illa).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demografia">Demografia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modificar la seccion : Demografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Demografia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La populacion malgasha èra estimada a 23,2 milions d'abitants en 2014. Son estructura es caracteristica d'un país paure amb una populacion jova (95,8% deis abitants an mens de 55 ans), una esperança de vida limitada a 63,8 ans, un taus de feconditat aut (4,29 enfants per frema) e una aumentacion anuala importanta (+2,6%). L'urbanizacion es tanben limitada (34,5%) mai en aumentacion rapida (+4,6%). La talha dei vilas es donc limitada e solament dètz passavan 50 000 abitants en 2014. Lei pus importantas èran la capitala <a href="/wiki/Antananarivo" title="Antananarivo">Antananarivo</a> (1,4 milion d'abitants), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toamasina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toamasina (la pagina existís pas)">Toamasina</a> (206 000), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antsirabe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antsirabe (la pagina existís pas)">Antsirabe</a> (186 000), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fianarantsoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fianarantsoa (la pagina existís pas)">Fianarantsoa</a> (167 000), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahajanga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahajanga (la pagina existís pas)">Mahajanga</a> (155 000) e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toliara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toliara (la pagina existís pas)">Toliara</a> (115 000). </p><p>La composicion etnica dau país pòu èsser considerada coma omogenèa car lo pòble malgash forma la totalitat de la populacion e parla la meteissa lenga. Pasmens, dins lei fachs, se destria mai d'un sotagrop etnic au sen d'aqueu pòble (oficialament 18). Aquelei divisions son la consequéncia deis independéncias localas dei diferentei populacions avans leis unificacions merina e francesa dei sègles XVIII e XIX. Son basadas sus de trachs culturaus e geografics. Pasmens, la primautat merina e la politica coloniala de <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> que s'apielèt sus l'infrastructura merina per administrar l'illa a creat una division pron importanta entre grops dei Tèrras Autas e dau rèsta de l'illa. </p><p>Dempuei l'independéncia, lei diferéncias entre sotagrops son vengudas pus feblas dins la vida vidanta mai l'apartenéncia etnica demora un objècte de fiertat per una partida importanta de la populacion. En particular, foguèt pron fòrt per devesir constitucionalament lo territòri malgash entre sièis regions autonòmas fins a 2007. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lengas">Lengas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modificar la seccion : Lengas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=6" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Lengas"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Madagascar a doas <a href="/wiki/Lenga_oficiala" title="Lenga oficiala">lengas oficialas</a> que son lo <a href="/wiki/Malgash_(lenga)" title="Malgash (lenga)">malgash</a> e lo <a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">francés</a>. La premiera es parlada per la totalitat de la populacion. La segonda es sustot la lenga deis elèits e es mestrejada per environ 20% deis abitants. Pasmens, aquela proporcion sembla fòrça lentament demenir dempuei l'independéncia. De 2007 a 2010, una temptativa aguèt luec per apondre l'<a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">anglés</a> coma tresena lenga oficiala e atraire leis investiments estrangiers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religions">Religions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modificar la seccion : Religions" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=7" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Religions"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La populacion malgasha es devesida entre quatre grops principaus regardant lei creissenças religiosas. Dos son relativament ben identificats. Aperaquí 20% de la populacion es ansin atèa ò agnostica e 7% <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">musulmana</a>. En revènge, la definicion dei dos autrei blòts (environ 75%) es fòrça malaisada en causa de l'interpenetracion dei tradicions <a href="/wiki/Cristianisme" title="Cristianisme">crestianas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Catolicisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Catolicisme">catolicas</a> ò <a href="/wiki/Protestantisme" title="Protestantisme">protestantas</a>) e <a href="/wiki/Animisme" title="Animisme">animistas</a>. Exemple d'aquela dificultat, la part deis animistas au sen de la populacion de Madagascar varia segon leis estudis e lei critèris considerats de 20 a 50%. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istòria"><span id="Ist.C3.B2ria"></span>Istòria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modificar la seccion : Istòria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=8" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Istòria"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lo_premier_poblament_de_l'illa"><span id="Lo_premier_poblament_de_l.27illa"></span>Lo premier poblament de l'illa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modificar la seccion : Lo premier poblament de l'illa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=9" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Lo premier poblament de l'illa"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Malagasy_girls_Madagascar_Merina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Malagasy_girls_Madagascar_Merina.jpg/220px-Malagasy_girls_Madagascar_Merina.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Malagasy_girls_Madagascar_Merina.jpg/330px-Malagasy_girls_Madagascar_Merina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Malagasy_girls_Madagascar_Merina.jpg/440px-Malagasy_girls_Madagascar_Merina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Lei malgahs an de originas mescladas austronesiana (Asia dau sud èst) e Banto (Africa de l'èst).</figcaption></figure> <p>Lei premiers movements de poblament de Madagascar son fòrça malaisats de depintar en causa de la manca d'informacions claras sus l'origina dau pòble malgash. D'estudis linguïstics mostran d'originas <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">oceanencas</a> e <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">africanas</a> e l'<a href="/wiki/Arqueologia" title="Arqueologia">arqueologia</a> indica d'una faiçon quasi segura l'abséncia de poblament uman de l'illa avans son arribada. Pasmens, en l'abséncia d'elements suplementaris novèus, uneis ipotèsis existisson que lei principalei son : </p> <ul><li>una migracion de marchands venguts deis illas d'<a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> actuala. D'efèct, existiá un comèrci actiau entre l'<a href="/wiki/Archip%C3%A8la" title="Archipèla">archipèla</a> dau Sud-Èst Asiatic e lo sud d'<a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia">Índia</a>. Per la seguida, s'estendèt en direccion de l'Africa Orientala e es possible que Madagascar ne'n faguèsse partida. Puei, aquò auriá entraïnat l'installacion permanenta de certanei marchands dins l'illa.</li> <li>una tiera de migracions de populacions totjorn vengudas d'<a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> actuala entre lei sègles V e VII. Lei rasons d'aquela installacion son desconegudas e l'ipotèsi es principalament basada sus d'indicis linguïstics. Après lo sègle VII, lei migracions aurián contuniat fins au sègle XIII.</li> <li>una expansion lenta de populacions marchandas, totjorn vengudas d'<a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> actuala, que s'installèron pauc a pauc lòng dau litorau de l'<a href="/wiki/Ocean_Indian" title="Ocean Indian">Ocean Indian</a> e se mestissèron amb lei pòbles locaus. Segon aquela ipotèsi, lo poblament de Madagascar seriá donc lo fach d'una populacion d'origina oceanenca parcialament mestissada.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_formacion_dau_pòble_malgash"><span id="La_formacion_dau_p.C3.B2ble_malgash"></span>La formacion dau pòble malgash</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modificar la seccion : La formacion dau pòble malgash" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=10" title="Edita el codi de la secció: La formacion dau pòble malgash"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lei premiereis installacions umanas se situavan lòng dei costats nòrd-oèst e èst que son <a href="/wiki/Clima" title="Clima">clima</a> es pus umid e pus favorable a l'<a href="/wiki/Agricultura" title="Agricultura">agricultura</a>. Puei, dins lo corrent de l'<a href="/wiki/Edat_Mejana" title="Edat Mejana">Edat Mejana</a>, d'autrei pòbles venguèron s'installar dins l'illa. L'assimilacion deis imigrants foguèt generalament rapida e Madagascar gardèt son unitat culturala e linguistica. Pasmens, fins au sègle XVI, de sota-grops, caracterizats per de trachs culturaus pròpris, se formèron pauc a pauc au sen dau pòble malgash. </p><p>Entre lei pòbles que venguèron s'installar dins l'illa, se pòu nòtar : </p> <ul><li>leis Antalaotras qu'èran de marchands <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">musulmans</a> swahilis. S'installèron lòng dau litorau nòrd-èst.</li> <li>lei Rasikajys qu'èran una populacion parcialament islamizada que s'installèt dins lo nòrd.</li> <li>lei Raminias qu'èran tanben una populacion parcialament islamizada. Pasmens, s'installèron dins lo sud de l'illa.</li> <li>leis Antemoros, totjorn una populacion en partida musulmana. S'installèron tanben dins lo sud. Aguent adoptat l'<a href="/wiki/Escritura" title="Escritura">escritura</a> aràbia, l'utilizèron per escriure de libres en malgasha depintant sei tradicions.</li> <li>lei Hovas que venguèron d'Oceania. Desbarquèron sus la costat orientala avans de progressar en direccion de l'interior dau territòri.</li></ul> <p>Au començament dau sègle XVI, lei principalei migracions èran acabadas e la division etnica actuala dau territòri èra quasi en plaça. Aquela estabilitat permetèt la formacion dei premiers estats vertadiers de l'illa. Lo premier reiaume de remarca foguèt aqueu dei Sakalava fondat au començament dau sègle XVII dins lo sud-oèst de l'illa. A son apogèu, dins lo corrent dau sègle seguent, s'estendiá sus un tèrç dau territòri malgash. D'autrei Sakalava fondèron lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reiaume_de_Menabe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reiaume de Menabe (la pagina existís pas)">Reiaume de Menabe</a> dins l'oèst e lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reiaume_de_Boina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reiaume de Boina (la pagina existís pas)">Reiaume de Boina</a> dins lo nòrd-èst. Totjorn dins lei regions meridionalas, lei Zana-Melata fondèron una confederacion poderosa dich <a href="/w/index.php?title=Confederacion_dei_Betsimisaraka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Confederacion dei Betsimisaraka (la pagina existís pas)">Confederacion dei Betsimisaraka</a>. Dins lo centre, lei Hova formèron tanben un reiaume qu'èra una poissança importanta dins l'illa a la fin dau sègle XVI. Dins lo corrent dau sègle XVII, prenguèt lo nom d'Imerina e seis abitants lo nom de Merina. Au sègle XVIII, aquel estat se fragmentèt mai lo sentiment d'unitat demorèt viu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lei_premiers_contactes_amb_leis_Europèus"><span id="Lei_premiers_contactes_amb_leis_Europ.C3.A8us"></span>Lei premiers contactes amb leis Europèus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modificar la seccion : Lei premiers contactes amb leis Europèus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=11" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Lei premiers contactes amb leis Europèus"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lei premiers explorators <a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">europèus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugués</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Anglatèrra">Anglés</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncias_Unidas" title="Províncias Unidas">Olandés</a>) arribèron a <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madagascar</a> au començament dau sègle XVI. Assaièron de crear de comptadors <a href="/wiki/Fortificacion" title="Fortificacion">fortificats</a> sus la costat. Pasmens, l'ostilitat dei Malgashs, lo perilh representat per lei <a href="/wiki/Malauti%C3%A1" title="Malautiá">malautiás</a> <a href="/wiki/Clima_tropical" title="Clima tropical">tropicalas</a> e la manca d'interès comerciaus entraïnèron la revirada d'aquelei projèctes. Au sègle XVII, laissèron la plaça ai <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">Francés</a> que coneissèron un succès pus grand. D'efèct, fondèron Fòrt-Daufin dins lo sud-èst e lo gardèron de 1642 a 1672. Pasmens, en 1664, la Companhiá deis Índias Orientalas que s'ocupava de Fòrt-Daufin decidèt de donar la prioritat au desvolopament de l'illa Borbon entraïnant lo declin de la preséncia <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francesa</a>. Au sègle seguent, la preséncia europèa se limitava donc a l'illa de Santa Mariá (francesa en 1754) e a l'installacion de piratas francés e britanics dins lo nòrd (magerament en Diégo-Suarez). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lo_Reiaume_Merina">Lo Reiaume Merina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modificar la seccion : Lo Reiaume Merina" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=12" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Lo Reiaume Merina"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Andrianampoinimerina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Andrianampoinimerina.jpg/170px-Andrianampoinimerina.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Andrianampoinimerina.jpg/255px-Andrianampoinimerina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Andrianampoinimerina.jpg/340px-Andrianampoinimerina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="398" data-file-height="495" /></a><figcaption>Lo rei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrianampoinimerina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrianampoinimerina (la pagina existís pas)">Andrianampoinimerina</a> (1787–1810)</figcaption></figure> <p>Vèrs la fin dau sègle XIX, lo rèi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrianampoinimerina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrianampoinimerina (la pagina existís pas)">Andrianampoinimerina</a> (<a href="/wiki/1787" class="mw-redirect" title="1787">1787</a>-<a href="/wiki/1810" class="mw-redirect" title="1810">1810</a>) restaurèt l'unitat d'Imerina amb <a href="/wiki/Antananarivo" title="Antananarivo">Antananarivo</a> coma <a href="/wiki/Capitala" title="Capitala">capitala</a>. Puei, acomencèt una politica d'expansion militara en direccion dau sud. Se maufisèt deis estrangiers mai acceptèt de cambiar d'esclaus còntra d'armas de fuec. Son fiu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radama_I%C3%A8r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radama Ièr (la pagina existís pas)">Radama I<sup>èr</sup></a> (<a href="/wiki/1810" class="mw-redirect" title="1810">1810</a>-<a href="/wiki/1828" class="mw-redirect" title="1828">1828</a>) contunièt sa politica d'expansion mai èra mens ostils ais influéncias estrangieras. En <a href="/wiki/1810" class="mw-redirect" title="1810">1810</a>, autorizèt l'installacion d'una mission <a href="/wiki/Reialme_Unit" title="Reialme Unit">britanica</a> en <a href="/wiki/Antananarivo" title="Antananarivo">Antananarivo</a>. Puei, negocièt un acòrdi amb <a href="/wiki/Londres" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Londres">Londres</a> que foguèt signat en 1817. Acceptèt de renonciar au trafec d'<a href="/wiki/Esclavatge" title="Esclavatge">esclaus</a> en cambi d'una ajuda financiera, militara e tecnica. De progrès tecnics importants aguèron donc luec dins lo corrent de son rèine. </p><p>A sa mòrt, foguèt remplaçat per sa frema <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranavalona_I%C3%A8ra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ranavalona Ièra (la pagina existís pas)">Ranavalona I<sup>èra</sup></a> (<a href="/wiki/1828" class="mw-redirect" title="1828">1828</a>-<a href="/wiki/1861" class="mw-redirect" title="1861">1861</a>). Au contrari de son marit, adoptèt una politica <a href="/wiki/Conservatisme" title="Conservatisme">conservatritz</a> que son axe principau èra lo mantenement de la societat e de la <a href="/wiki/Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion">religion</a> tradicionalas. Ordonèt l'expulsion dei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Missionari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Missionari (la pagina existís pas)">missionaris</a> <a href="/wiki/Cristianisme" title="Cristianisme">crestians</a> cargats de la predicacion. Aqueu contèxte aumentèt lei tensions au sen de la societat malgasha e la fin dau rèine foguèt marcada per de violéncias importantas còntra lei crestians de l'illa. Ansin, son fiu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radama_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radama II (la pagina existís pas)">Radama II</a> (<a href="/wiki/1861" class="mw-redirect" title="1861">1861</a>-<a href="/wiki/1863" class="mw-redirect" title="1863">1863</a>), qu'aviá autorizat lo retorn dei missionaris <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a> (<a href="/wiki/Catolicisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Catolicisme">catolics</a>) e <a href="/wiki/Reialme_Unit" title="Reialme Unit">britanics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Protestantisme" title="Protestantisme">protestants</a>), foguèt <a href="/wiki/Assassinat" title="Assassinat">assassinat</a> après solament doas <a href="/wiki/Annada" title="Annada">annadas</a> de rèine. </p><p>Après <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radama_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radama II (la pagina existís pas)">Radama II</a>, très rèinas se succediguèron a la tèsta dau Reiaume Merina : <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rasoherina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rasoherina (la pagina existís pas)">Rasoherina</a> (1863-1868), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranavalona_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ranavalona II (la pagina existís pas)">Ranavalona II</a> (<a href="/wiki/1868" class="mw-redirect" title="1868">1868</a>-<a href="/wiki/1883" class="mw-redirect" title="1883">1883</a>) e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranavalona_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ranavalona III (la pagina existís pas)">Ranavalona III</a> (<a href="/wiki/1883" class="mw-redirect" title="1883">1883</a>-<a href="/wiki/1897" class="mw-redirect" title="1897">1897</a>). Pasmens, durant aqueu periòde, lo cap vertadier dau país foguèt lo Premier Ministre <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rainilaiarivony&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rainilaiarivony (la pagina existís pas)">Rainilaiarivony</a> que venguèt lo marit dei tres sobeiranas. A son iniciativa, una politica de modernizacion accelerada foguèt adoptada amb l'ajuda dei missionaris (en 1869, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rainilaiarivony&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rainilaiarivony (la pagina existís pas)">Rainilaiarivony</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranavalona_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ranavalona II (la pagina existís pas)">Ranavalona II</a> venguèron protestants). Aquò permetèt de bastir d'escòlas, d'espitaus, de crear un <a href="/wiki/Gov%C3%A8rn" title="Govèrn">govèrn</a> modèrne e de formar lei basas d'una administracion centrala. Dins aquò, aquela politica èra sostenguda per l'aumentacion deis <a href="/wiki/Imp%C3%B2st" title="Impòst">impòsts</a> eissits dau sistèma feodau mantengut en plaça sus la màger part dau territòri. De tensions socialas grèvas apareguèron donc dins lo corrent de la segonda mitat dau sègle XIX. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_conquista_francesa">La conquista francesa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modificar la seccion : La conquista francesa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=13" title="Edita el codi de la secció: La conquista francesa"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:LaGuerreAMadagascar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/LaGuerreAMadagascar.jpg/200px-LaGuerreAMadagascar.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/LaGuerreAMadagascar.jpg/300px-LaGuerreAMadagascar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/LaGuerreAMadagascar.jpg/400px-LaGuerreAMadagascar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5300" data-file-height="7976" /></a><figcaption>Cobèrta d'un libre de H. Galli subre la conquista francesa de Madagascar.</figcaption></figure> <p>Au començament deis annadas 1880, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> acomencèt de s'interessar a l'illa a l'iniciativa dei mitans d'afaires e mitans <a href="/wiki/Catolicisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Catolicisme">catolics</a>. Gràcias a sa preséncia anciana lòng dau litorau, <a href="/wiki/Par%C3%ADs" title="París">París</a> capitèt de trobar divèrsei pretèxtes per ocupar militarament lei vilas <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B2rt" class="mw-disambig" title="Pòrt">portuàrias</a> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Majunga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majunga (la pagina existís pas)">Majunga</a> e de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamatave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tamatave (la pagina existís pas)">Tamatave</a> en 1883. Vencut, lo Reiaume Merina foguèt obligit de signar un tractat dur en 1885 qu'impausava lo pagament d'una indemnitat de guèrra fòrça importanta e l'instauracion d'un quasi-<a href="/wiki/Protectorat" title="Protectorat">protectorat</a> francés. Après aquela desfacha, la situacion marrida dei finanças entraïnèt de trèbols grèus dins lo reiaume. En 1890, d'acòrdis <a href="/wiki/Colonialisme" title="Colonialisme">coloniaus</a> francobritanics donèron l'illa ai Francés e laissèron lo Reiaume Merica sensa aliat en fàcia de la poissança francesa. En 1895, una expedicion francesa desbarquèt a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Majunga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majunga (la pagina existís pas)">Majunga</a> e conquistèt <a href="/wiki/Antananarivo" title="Antananarivo">Antananarivo</a> après uech mes de campanha malaisada dins la seuva malgasha. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rainilaiarivony&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rainilaiarivony (la pagina existís pas)">Rainilaiarivony</a> deguèt acceptar la creacion d'un <a href="/wiki/Protectorat" title="Protectorat">protectorat</a> vertadier e foguèt exilat per lei venceires. Puei, en 1897, foguèt de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranavalona_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ranavalona III (la pagina existís pas)">Ranavalona III</a> e Madagascar venguèt oficialament una colonia francesa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="De_la_colonizacion_a_l'insureccion_de_1947"><span id="De_la_colonizacion_a_l.27insureccion_de_1947"></span>De la colonizacion a l'insureccion de 1947</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modificar la seccion : De la colonizacion a l'insureccion de 1947" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=14" title="Edita el codi de la secció: De la colonizacion a l'insureccion de 1947"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Madagascar_-_Peri%C3%B2de_coloniau_(1914).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Madagascar_-_Peri%C3%B2de_coloniau_%281914%29.png/220px-Madagascar_-_Peri%C3%B2de_coloniau_%281914%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Madagascar_-_Peri%C3%B2de_coloniau_%281914%29.png/330px-Madagascar_-_Peri%C3%B2de_coloniau_%281914%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Madagascar_-_Peri%C3%B2de_coloniau_%281914%29.png/440px-Madagascar_-_Peri%C3%B2de_coloniau_%281914%29.png 2x" data-file-width="608" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption>Madagascar durant lo periòde coloniau (1914).</figcaption></figure> <p>Après la conquista francesa, lo generau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Gallieni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Gallieni (la pagina existís pas)">Joseph Gallieni</a> dirigiguèt la colonia de 1896 a 1905 e ne'n creèt leis institucions e lei basas. D'efèct, de 1896 a 1899, s'ocupèt de sometre la totalitat de l'illa que foguèt pacificada après una tiera d'operacions saunosas e destructritz. En particular, deguèt reprimir l'insureccion dei Merinas reialistas partisans de la rèina <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranavalona_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ranavalona III (la pagina existís pas)">Ranavalona III</a> e conquistar lo territòri dei pòbles encara independents dau sud e de l'oèst. Puei, organizèt l'administracion coloniala, acomencèt una politica de grands trabalhs (camin de fèrre... etc.) e impausèt un programa d'ensenhament laïc en <a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">francés</a>. </p><p>Lei successors de Gallieni se preocupèron principalament de la mesa en valor de la <a href="/wiki/Colonialisme" title="Colonialisme">colonia</a>. Favorizèron lo desvolopament d'una <a href="/wiki/Agricultura" title="Agricultura">agricultura</a> d'exportacion (<a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A8" title="Cafè">cafè</a>... etc.) amb lo sostèn de grandei companhiás francesas. En revènge, lei condicions de vida de la màger part de la populacion foguèron totalament negligidas. Lo trabalh fòrçat foguèt mantengut e gaire de païsans malgashs aprofichèron lo desvolopament economic de l'illa. </p><p>Aquela situacion encoratjèt l'oposicion d'una partida de l'elèit merina — principalament l'aristocracia protestanta — que s'organizèt au sen de l'organizacion secrèta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vy_Vato_Sakelila&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vy Vato Sakelila (la pagina existís pas)">Vy Vato Sakelila</a> (VVS)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Foguèron arrestats en 1915 mai lo <a href="/wiki/Nacionalisme" title="Nacionalisme">nacionalisme</a> malgash contunièt d'existir e de s'estendre dins lo corrent de l'entre doas guèrras. En particular, lo jornalista <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Ralaimongo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Ralaimongo (la pagina existís pas)">Jean Ralaimongo</a> creèt un jornau anticolonialista que denonciava leis abús e leis atrocitats de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Colonializacion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colonializacion (la pagina existís pas)">colonializacion</a> e revendicava l'egalitat dei drechs entre Francés e Malgashs. </p><p>Pasmens, aquò mau capitèt e, en 1940, lo sostèn dau governador de la colonia au regime de Vichy agravèt mai lei tensions. D'efèct, l'isolament de l'illa, enceuclada per lei colonias <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">africanas</a> dau <a href="/wiki/Reialme_Unit" title="Reialme Unit">Reiaume Unit</a> entraïnèt una aumentacion dei requisicions e dau trabalhs exigits per lo poder. En 1942, de fòrças aliadas (britanicas e <a href="/wiki/Sud-Africa" title="Sud-Africa">sud-africanas</a> desbarquèron per conquistar l'illa. Mau preparada, aquela expedicion foguèt malaisada mai lei fòrças de Vichy foguèron finalament obligits de capitular. En 1943, la direccion de Madagascar foguèt fisada a un representant de la <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a_Liura" title="França Liura">França Liura</a> que deguèron faciar una agitacion importanta. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="De_l'insureccion_de_1947_a_l'independéncia"><span id="De_l.27insureccion_de_1947_a_l.27independ.C3.A9ncia"></span>De l'insureccion de 1947 a l'independéncia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modificar la seccion : De l'insureccion de 1947 a l'independéncia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=15" title="Edita el codi de la secció: De l'insureccion de 1947 a l'independéncia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lei causas de l'insureccion malgasha de 1947 son totjorn mau conegudas a l'ora d'ara. Relativament organizada, la revòuta troba seis originas dins l'agitacion politica de la fin de la <a href="/wiki/Segonda_Gu%C3%A8rra_Mondiala" title="Segonda Guèrra Mondiala">Segonda Guèrra Mondiala</a>. D'efèct, dos partits politics s'opausèron ais eleccions de 1946. Lo Movement democratic de la revolucion malgasha (MDRM), que revendicava una autonòmia fòrça importanta, ganhèt leis eleccions mai se turtèt a l'oposicion dau Partit dei deseritats de Madagascar (Padesm) pus moderat e fòrça influent dins lei regions maritimas. Aquela oposicion entraïnèt un clima de tensions importantas e favorizèt lei violéncias. D'autra part, lei condicions de vida marridas dei païsans avián entraïnat un maucontentament prefond au sen dei zònas ruralas. A la fin de març, après lei premiers succès de l'insureccion, lo movement prenguèt donc rapidament una gròssa amplor, magerament dins lei regions orientalas. De combats durs se debanèron còntra lei tropas francesas e un nombre important d'atrocitats marquèron lo conflicte que s'acabèt en decembre en 1948. Environ 2 000 soudats, principalament originaris de l'illa, foguèron tuats. Lo nombre d'insurgents mòrts es oficialament de 80 000 sser pus important. </p><p>Designat responsable de la revòta, lo MDRM foguèt dissòus e sei caps arrestats per leis autoritats <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francesas</a>. Puei, lo Padesm foguèt sistematicament favorizat. En 1956, aqueu partit se transformèt per venir lo Partit sociau democrata (PSD). En 1958, se prononcièt per lo mantenement de l'illa dins l'Union Francesa (environ 70% d'òc). Pasmens, maugrat aqueu vòte, Madagascar venguèt oficialament independenta en 1960 dins l'encastre dau movement d'independéncia generau au sen de l'Empèri Coloniau Francés. <a href="/wiki/Philibert_Tsiranana" title="Philibert Tsiranana">Philibert Tsiranana</a>, cap dau PSD, venguèt lo premier president de Madagascar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Madagascar_dempuei_l'independéncia"><span id="Madagascar_dempuei_l.27independ.C3.A9ncia"></span>Madagascar dempuei l'independéncia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modificar la seccion : Madagascar dempuei l'independéncia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=16" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Madagascar dempuei l'independéncia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Philibert_Tsiranana_1962.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Philibert_Tsiranana_1962.jpg/170px-Philibert_Tsiranana_1962.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Philibert_Tsiranana_1962.jpg/255px-Philibert_Tsiranana_1962.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Philibert_Tsiranana_1962.jpg/340px-Philibert_Tsiranana_1962.jpg 2x" data-file-width="531" data-file-height="705" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Philibert_Tsiranana" title="Philibert Tsiranana">Philibert Tsiranana</a>, primièr <a href="/wiki/Lista_dels_presidents_de_Madagascar" title="Lista dels presidents de Madagascar">president de Madagascar</a> (1960–72)</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Philibert_Tsiranana" title="Philibert Tsiranana">Philibert Tsiranana</a> adoptèt una politica de cooperacion larga amb <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>. Pasmens, au començament deis annadas 1970, la crisi economica suscitèt de manifestacions importantas, especialament dins la capitala (estudiants en 1971, estudiants e obriers en 1972). Tsiranana ordonèt la dissolucion dau <a href="/wiki/Gov%C3%A8rn" title="Govèrn">govèrn</a> e fisèt lo poder ai militars dirigits per lo generau Ramanantsoa. Puei, un <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendum</a> aprobèt la suspension de la <a href="/wiki/Constitucion" title="Constitucion">constitucion</a> e leis acòrdis de cooperacion amb <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> foguèron denonciats. </p><p>Après divèrsei luchas intèrnas au sen de la junta, lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Capitani_de_fregata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capitani de fregata (la pagina existís pas)">capitani de fregata</a> <a href="/wiki/Didier_Ratsiraka" title="Didier Ratsiraka">Didier Ratsiraka</a> prenguèt lo poder en 1975. Fondèt la II<sup>a</sup> Republica e engatjèt una politica d'inspiracion <a href="/wiki/Comunisme" title="Comunisme">socialista</a> (renfòrçament dau ròtle de l'Estat dins l'economia) e nacionalista (promoccion dau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malgash&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malgash (la pagina existís pas)">malgash</a> dins l'ensenhament au detriment dau <a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">francés</a>). Pasmens, lei resultats economics foguèron fòrça marrits e l'armada deguèt reprimir d'esmogudas entraïnadas per de <a href="/wiki/Famina" title="Famina">faminas</a> en 1985 e 1986. En 1989, Ratsiraka decidèt donc d'adoptar una politica liberala mai la tension demorèt viva amb l'oposicion. D'efècte, unificats dins un Comitat dei Fòrças vivas, lei movements d'oposicion organizèron regularament de manifestacions gigantas còntra lo president. En 1991, la situacion se desgradèt mai e la policía tirèt sus una manifestacion. Aquò obligiguèt Ratsiraka de durbir de negociacions vertadieras amb l'oposicion. </p><p>En 1992, una constitucion novèla foguèt votada e en 1993, lo cap dau Comitat, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Zafy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert Zafy (la pagina existís pas)">Albert Zafy</a>, foguèt elegit a la presidéncia. Pasmens, son mandat foguèt minat per sei relacions marridas amb l'Assemblada Nacionala. En 1996, lei deputats votèron sa destitucion e Ratsiraka foguèt tornarmai elegit president l'annada venenta. Mau capitèt d'estabilizar la situacion economica dau país e venguèt fòrça impopular dins certanei region. En 2001, l'eleccion presidenciala entraïnèt donc una crisi grèva entre <a href="/wiki/Didier_Ratsiraka" title="Didier Ratsiraka">Ratsiraka</a> e lo premier consòl d'<a href="/wiki/Antananarivo" title="Antananarivo">Antananarivo</a> <a href="/wiki/Marc_Ravalomanana" title="Marc Ravalomanana">Marc Ravalomanana</a> que contestèron lei resultats dau premier torn. En abriu de 2002, après de mes d'afrontaments entre lei partisans dei dos camps, la Cort constitucionala Auta proclamèt l'eleccion de Ravalomanana. Ratsiraka s'exilèt e lo venceire foguèt tornarmai elegit president en 2006. Pasmens, en 2009, una crisi novèla aguèt luec e Ravalomanana deguèt laissar lo poder sota la pression de la populacion e dei militars. Un govèrn de transicion foguèt format fins a d'eleccions presidencialas e legislativas en 2013 que veguèron la victòria de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hery_Rajaonarimampianina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hery Rajaonarimampianina (la pagina existís pas)">Hery Rajaonarimampianina</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organizacion_politica_e_territòriala"><span id="Organizacion_politica_e_territ.C3.B2riala"></span>Organizacion politica e territòriala</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modificar la seccion : Organizacion politica e territòriala" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=17" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Organizacion politica e territòriala"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organizacion_politica">Organizacion politica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Modificar la seccion : Organizacion politica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=18" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Organizacion politica"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Antananarivo06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Antananarivo06.jpg/220px-Antananarivo06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Antananarivo06.jpg/330px-Antananarivo06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Antananarivo06.jpg/440px-Antananarivo06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Antananarivo" title="Antananarivo">Antananarivo</a> es la capitala politica e economica de Madagascar.</figcaption></figure> <p>Madagascar es una <a href="/wiki/Republica" title="Republica">republica</a> <a href="/wiki/Democracia" title="Democracia">democratica</a> semi-presidenciala multipartita qu'aplica lo principi de la seperacion dei poders <a href="/wiki/Poder_executiu" title="Poder executiu">executiu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poder_legislatiu" title="Poder legislatiu">legislatiu</a> e judiciari. Leis institucions, largament inspiradas per aquelei de <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>, son regidas per una <a href="/wiki/Constitucion" title="Constitucion">constitucion</a> adoptada en 2010. Lo cap de l'Estat n'es lo <a href="/wiki/President_de_la_Republica" title="President de la Republica">President de la Republica</a>. </p><p>Lo <a href="/wiki/Poder_executiu" title="Poder executiu">poder executiu</a> es tengut per lo President qu'es elegit au sufragi universau dirècte. Noma lo cap dau <a href="/wiki/Gov%C3%A8rn" title="Govèrn">govèrn</a>, dich Premier Ministre, e lei ministres dau gabinet (que son prepausats per lo Premier Ministre). Lo <a href="/wiki/Poder_legislatiu" title="Poder legislatiu">poder legislatiu</a> es entre lei mans dau govèrn e d'un parlament <a href="/wiki/Bicamerisme" title="Bicamerisme">bicamerau</a> que sa <a href="/wiki/Chambra_auta" title="Chambra auta">chambra auta</a> es dicha Senat e sa <a href="/wiki/Chambra_bassa" title="Chambra bassa">chambra bassa</a> Assemblada Nacionala. Lo Senat es compausat de 33 senators que dos tèrç son elegits au sufragi indirècte per lei províncias e un tèrç es nomat dirèctament per lo President. L'Assemblada es formada de 160 deputats elegits au sufragi universau dirècte. La durada dei mandats de senator e de deputat es de cinc <a href="/wiki/Annada" title="Annada">annadas</a>. Enfin, la justícia es devesida entre diferentei brancas especializadas que sei juridiccions pus autas son la Còrt Suprèma (per la màger part deis afaires), la Còrt Constitucionala Auta (per leis afaires constitucionaus) e la Còrt de Justícia Auta (per leis afaires de traïment dei caps pus importants de l'Estat). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organizacion_territòriala"><span id="Organizacion_territ.C3.B2riala"></span>Organizacion territòriala</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Modificar la seccion : Organizacion territòriala" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=19" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Organizacion territòriala"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'organizacion territòriala de Madagascar es inspirada dau sistèma <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a> amb teoricament cinc nivèus formats de 6 províncias autonòmas (faritany mizakatena), de 22 regions (faritra), de 116 departaments ò districtes (fivondronana), de 1 548 comunas (kaominina) e de 16 969 fonkotanys (fokontany). Pasmens, en causa dei trèbols politics e sociaus deis annadas 1990-2000, la mesa en plaça de totei lei subdivisions es pas encara efectiva. </p><p>Lei províncias autonòmas foguèron en 2000 e d'eleccions se debanèron per formar lei conseus provínciaus. Dins lo corrent de la crisi, cinc províncias sostenguèron lo president Ratsiraka e se declarèron independentas. Aquò entraïnèt sa dissolucion <i>de facto</i> après lo presa dau poder per lo president Ravalomanana. Sa disparicion definitiva foguèt votada en 2007. Lei regions foguèron oficialament creadas en 2004 mai sei competéncias son encara mau definidas. Coma lei departaments an disparegut dei tèxtes de <a href="/wiki/Lei" title="Lei">lèi</a>, lei comunas e sei sudivisions son donc lei soleteis entitats que foncionan normalament a l'ora d'ara. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Simbòls_nacionaus"><span id="Simb.C3.B2ls_nacionaus"></span>Simbòls nacionaus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Modificar la seccion : Simbòls nacionaus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=20" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Simbòls nacionaus"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lei simbòls nacionaus oficiaus de Madagascar son son drapèu, son sagèu, sa devisa e son imne nacionau : </p> <ul><li>lo drapèu malgash foguèt adoptat lo 21 d'octòbre de <a href="/wiki/1958" class="mw-redirect" title="1958">1958</a>. Es format d'una benda blanca verticala representant lo <a href="/wiki/Ris" title="Ris">ris</a>, produccion agricòla importanta dins l'illa) e doas bendas verticalas roja (color de l'argiela ò dau sang de zebú utilizat per certanei ceremònias funeràrias de l'animisme malgash) e verda (color dau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ravenala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ravenala (la pagina existís pas)">ravenala</a>).</li> <li>lo sagèu foguèt adoptat en 1993. Es un disc daurat amb la siloeta dau país en son centre. Dins la partida superiora, li a una representacion estilizada d'un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ravenala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ravenala (la pagina existís pas)">ravenala</a> amb lo nom complèt de l'Estat en malgash. Dins la partida inferiora, li a una tèsta de zebú, d'espigas de <a href="/wiki/Ris" title="Ris">ris</a> e la devisa nacionala.</li> <li>la devisa nacionala es « Tanindrazana, Fahafahana, Fandrosoana » (« Patria, Libertat, Progrès » en <a href="/wiki/Occitan" title="Occitan">occitan</a>).</li> <li>l'imne nacionau es <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ry_Tanindrazanay_malala_%C3%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ry Tanindrazanay malala ô (la pagina existís pas)">Ry Tanindrazanay malala ô</a></i> (« O, Bèla Patria Nòstra » en <a href="/wiki/Occitan" title="Occitan">occitan</a>) adoptat en 1958.</li></ul> <p>Enfin, lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ravenala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ravenala (la pagina existís pas)">ravenala</a> (ò aubre dei viatjaires), qu'es un aubre originari de Madagascar, es sovent utilizat coma simbòl de l'illa. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Flag_of_Madagascar.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapèu de Madagascar."><img alt="Drapèu de Madagascar." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/120px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/180px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/240px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Drapèu de Madagascar.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Seal_of_Madagascar.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sagèu de Madagascar."><img alt="Sagèu de Madagascar." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Seal_of_Madagascar.svg/120px-Seal_of_Madagascar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Seal_of_Madagascar.svg/180px-Seal_of_Madagascar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Seal_of_Madagascar.svg/240px-Seal_of_Madagascar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sagèu de Madagascar.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Penang_Malaysia_Ravenala-madagascariensis-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fotografia d'un aubre dei viatjaires."><img alt="Fotografia d'un aubre dei viatjaires." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Penang_Malaysia_Ravenala-madagascariensis-01.jpg/74px-Penang_Malaysia_Ravenala-madagascariensis-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="74" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Penang_Malaysia_Ravenala-madagascariensis-01.jpg/111px-Penang_Malaysia_Ravenala-madagascariensis-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Penang_Malaysia_Ravenala-madagascariensis-01.jpg/148px-Penang_Malaysia_Ravenala-madagascariensis-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3102" data-file-height="5022" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Fotografia" title="Fotografia">Fotografia</a> d'un aubre dei viatjaires.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diplomacia_e_defensa">Diplomacia e defensa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Modificar la seccion : Diplomacia e defensa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=21" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Diplomacia e defensa"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diplomacia">Diplomacia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Modificar la seccion : Diplomacia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=22" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Diplomacia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Madagascar es un actor diplomatic segondari d'<a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> que sa diplomacia es basat sus quatre axes principaus : lo mantenement de relacions bònas amb leis institucions financieras (<a href="/wiki/FMI" class="mw-redirect" title="FMI">FMI</a>...) e leis estats susceptibles de finançar son desvolopament (<a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>, <a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">Estats Units</a>...), lo renfòrçament de l'integracion regionala amb la participacion a divèrseis organizacions africanas, lo desvolopament de relacions amb <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> (sustot <a href="/wiki/Japon" title="Japon">Japon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republica_Populara_de_China" title="Republica Populara de China">China</a> e <a href="/wiki/Tail%C3%A0ndia" title="Tailàndia">Tailàndia</a>) e la recèrca d'una visibilitat internacionala amb la participacion a d'organizacions internacionalas (<a href="/wiki/Union_Africana" title="Union Africana">Union Africana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francofonia" title="Francofonia">Francofonia</a>...). Après la crisi politica de 2009, lo país foguèt suspendut de mai d'una organizacion mai la situacion s'es normalizada amb l'organizacion d'eleccions a la fin de 2013. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fòrças_armadas"><span id="F.C3.B2r.C3.A7as_armadas"></span>Fòrças armadas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Modificar la seccion : Fòrças armadas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=23" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Fòrças armadas"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lei fòrças armadas de Madagascar son formadas dei Fòrças Armadas Popularas (13 500 òmes en 2010) e de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gendarmari%C3%A1_Nacionala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gendarmariá Nacionala (la pagina existís pas)">Gendarmariá Nacionala</a> (8 100 òmes). Son budget representava 0,69% dau <a href="/wiki/PIB" class="mw-redirect" title="PIB">PIB</a> en 2012 e lo servici èra basat sus lo volontariat. Son eissidas dei fòrças colonialas <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francesas</a> de l'illa e an pas participat a de guèrras importantas dempuei sa creacion. En revènge, aguèron de còps un ròtle important dins leis afaires intèrnes dau país. Sei missions principalas son de sostenir la populacion dins lo cas de catastròfas naturalas, de protegir lo territòri nacionau còntra lei menaças exterioras (sustot la <a href="/wiki/Piratari%C3%A1" title="Piratariá">piratariá</a> de l'Ocean Indian), assegurar la seguritat dins lei regions pus isoladas de l'illa e participar a d'operacions exterioras de mantenement de la <a href="/wiki/Patz" title="Patz">patz</a>. Lei Fòrças Armadas Popularas son devesidas entre una branca terrèstra (13 500 òmes en 2010), una marina militara (500 òmes) e una fòrça aeriana (500 òmes). En causa de l'abséncia d'enemic declarat e de la feblessa economica malgasha, leis armaments son ancians e leugiers (<a href="/wiki/PT-76" title="PT-76">PT-76</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mig-17" title="Mig-17">Mig-17</a>...). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Revendicacions_territòrialas"><span id="Revendicacions_territ.C3.B2rialas"></span>Revendicacions territòrialas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Modificar la seccion : Revendicacions territòrialas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=24" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Revendicacions territòrialas"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Madagascar a de revendicacions sus leis illas <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francesas</a> de <a href="/wiki/Bassas_da_%C3%8Dndia" title="Bassas da Índia">Bassas da Índia</a>, d'<a href="/wiki/Illa_Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Illa Euròpa">Euròpa</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Illa_Juan_de_Nova" title="Illa Juan de Nova">Juan de Nova</a>, dau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Banc_dau_Gueis%C3%A8r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banc dau Gueisèr (la pagina existís pas)">Banc dau Gueisèr</a> e de l'archipèu deis <a href="/wiki/Illas_Gloriosas" title="Illas Gloriosas">Illas Gloriosas</a>. Regardant lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Banc_dau_Gueis%C3%A8r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banc dau Gueisèr (la pagina existís pas)">Banc dau Gueisèr</a>, l'estèu es tanben l'objècte d'una revendicacion dau govèrn <a href="/wiki/Com%C3%B2ras" title="Comòras">comorian</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economia">Economia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Modificar la seccion : Economia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=25" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Economia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Madagascar es un país paure e pauc desvolopat amb un <a href="/wiki/PIB" class="mw-redirect" title="PIB">PIB</a> de 11,2 miliards de dolars en 2014 siá 482 $/ab. L'<a href="/wiki/Agricultura" title="Agricultura">agricultura</a> n'es la basa que forma 28,1% dau PIB e emplega environ 80% de la populacion activa. Sei produccions principalas son lo <a href="/wiki/Ris" title="Ris">ris</a>, lo <a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A8" title="Cafè">cafè</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Vanilha" title="Vanilha">vanilha</a>, lo <a href="/wiki/Sucre" title="Sucre">sucre</a>, lo claveu de giròfle, lo <a href="/wiki/Cacau" class="mw-redirect" title="Cacau">cacau</a>, lo maniòc, la <a href="/wiki/Banana" title="Banana">banana</a> e l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Arachida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arachida (la pagina existís pas)">arachida</a>. La màger part son consomadas localament mai lo país exporta de quantitats importantas de cafè, de vanilha e de sucre. Lo norrigatge, especialament aqueu dau zebú, a tanben un ròtle important dins l'alimentacion deis abitants. L'<a href="/wiki/Industria" class="mw-redirect" title="Industria">industria</a> forma 17,4% dau PIB mai es un sector considerat coma important per lo desvolopament de l'economia malgasha. D'efèct, lo govèrn assaia de desvolopar l'industria miniera per esplechar lei ressorsas mineralas importantas dau territòri. Lo país es ja un exportator de mineraus de <a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%B2me" title="Cròme">cròme</a> mai de projèctes regardant lei resèrvas de <a href="/wiki/Titani" title="Titani">titani</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">carbon</a>, de <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A8rre" title="Fèrre">fèrre</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">cobalt</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Coire" title="Coire">coire</a> e de <a href="/wiki/Niqu%C3%A8l" title="Niquèl">niquèl</a>. Si supausa tanben l'existéncia de jaciments de <a href="/wiki/Petr%C3%B2li" title="Petròli">petròli</a> e de <a href="/wiki/Gas_naturau" title="Gas naturau">gas naturau</a>. Existisse tanben una importanta industria textila liada au còst feble de la man d'òbra locala e una industria agroalimentara que tracta lei produchs locaus coma la vanilha ò lo sucre. Enfin, lei servicis forman 54,5% dau PIB e lo <a href="/wiki/Torisme" title="Torisme">torisme</a> li es considerat coma un axe de desvolopament gràcias a la fauna e a la flòra de l'illa. </p><p>Lei partenaires principaus de l'economia malgasha son <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> (21,6% deis exportacions, 11,9% deis importacions), <a href="/wiki/Republica_Populara_de_China" title="Republica Populara de China">China</a> (19,2% deis importacions, 8,2% deis exportacions), lies <a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">Estats Units d'America</a> (8,2% deis exportacions), <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia">Índia</a> (6,4% eis importacions), <a href="/wiki/Sud-Africa" title="Sud-Africa">Sud-Africa</a> (5,6% deis importacions e 4,1% deis exportacions), lei <a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%AFses_Basses" title="Païses Basses">País Bas</a> (5,3% deis exportacions) e <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">Alemanha</a> (5,1% deis exportacions) e divèrseis estats dau Golf Arabic per leis importacions de <a href="/wiki/Petr%C3%B2li" title="Petròli">petròli</a>. En fòra deis idrocarburs, leis importacions de Madagascar regardan la norridura e lei bens manufacturats. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultura">Cultura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Modificar la seccion : Cultura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=26" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Cultura"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arquitectura">Arquitectura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Modificar la seccion : Arquitectura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=27" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Arquitectura"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'arquitectura tradicionala de Madagascar es particulara en <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> en causa de sa semblança amb l'arquitectura dau sud de <a href="/wiki/Born%C3%A8o" title="Bornèo">Bornèo</a>. Es caracterizada per d'<a href="/wiki/Ostal" title="Ostal">ostaus</a> rectangulars bastits sus <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paufic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paufic (la pagina existís pas)">paufics</a>. Lo paufic centrau a un ròtle important per sostenir la teulissa. Es sovent decorat e es l'objècte de rites especiaus au sen de la religion <a href="/wiki/Animisme" title="Animisme">animista</a> malgasha. Lei materiaus de construccion tradicionaus èran la tèrra dins lo centre, la <a href="/wiki/Fusta" title="Fusta">fusta</a> lòng dau <a href="/wiki/Litorau" title="Litorau">litorau</a> e una mescla dei doi matèrias dins lei regions intermediàrias. Au sègle XIX, d'influéncias estrangieras penetrèron dins l'illa e entraïnèron de materiaus novèus coma la <a href="/wiki/Brica" class="mw-disambig" title="Brica">brica</a>, especialament per l'<a href="/wiki/Aristocracia" title="Aristocracia">aristocracia</a> merina. Enfin, après la fin de la conquista <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francesa</a>, lei corrents principaus de l'arquitectura internacionala se difusèron au sen dei vilas pus importantas. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Zafimaniry_Village_Madagascar.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ostaus tradicionaus de fusta."><img alt="Ostaus tradicionaus de fusta." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Zafimaniry_Village_Madagascar.jpg/120px-Zafimaniry_Village_Madagascar.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Zafimaniry_Village_Madagascar.jpg/180px-Zafimaniry_Village_Madagascar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Zafimaniry_Village_Madagascar.jpg/240px-Zafimaniry_Village_Madagascar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ostaus tradicionaus de <a href="/wiki/Fusta" title="Fusta">fusta</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Landscape_Madagascar_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ostaus de brica dins una zòna rurala."><img alt="Ostaus de brica dins una zòna rurala." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Landscape_Madagascar_02.jpg/120px-Landscape_Madagascar_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Landscape_Madagascar_02.jpg/180px-Landscape_Madagascar_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Landscape_Madagascar_02.jpg/240px-Landscape_Madagascar_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2587" data-file-height="1789" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ostaus de brica dins una zòna rurala.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Ambalavao_house.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ostaus de brica en Antananarivo."><img alt="Ostaus de brica en Antananarivo." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Ambalavao_house.jpg/120px-Ambalavao_house.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Ambalavao_house.jpg/180px-Ambalavao_house.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Ambalavao_house.jpg/240px-Ambalavao_house.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1634" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ostaus de brica en <a href="/wiki/Antananarivo" title="Antananarivo">Antananarivo</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Fancy_Malagasy_Brick_House_in_Antananarivo_Madagascar.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Ostau de brica en Antananarivo que son arquitectura es inspirada per lei palais reiaus de la vila."><img alt="Ostau de brica en Antananarivo que son arquitectura es inspirada per lei palais reiaus de la vila." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Fancy_Malagasy_Brick_House_in_Antananarivo_Madagascar.JPG/120px-Fancy_Malagasy_Brick_House_in_Antananarivo_Madagascar.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Fancy_Malagasy_Brick_House_in_Antananarivo_Madagascar.JPG/180px-Fancy_Malagasy_Brick_House_in_Antananarivo_Madagascar.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Fancy_Malagasy_Brick_House_in_Antananarivo_Madagascar.JPG/240px-Fancy_Malagasy_Brick_House_in_Antananarivo_Madagascar.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ostau de brica en <a href="/wiki/Antananarivo" title="Antananarivo">Antananarivo</a> que son arquitectura es inspirada per lei palais reiaus de la vila.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literatura">Literatura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Modificar la seccion : Literatura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=28" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Literatura"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La literatura malgasha anciana es mau coneguda car èra largament orala e qu'una partida importanta es estada perduda. La poesia, sovent inspiradas per de tematicas mitologicas ò epicas, li aviá un ròtle de remarca. L'òbra majora d'aqueu movement es un poèma epic dich <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibonia (la pagina existís pas)">Ibonia</a></i>. Pasmens, mai d'un racònte foguèt collectat per lei <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">Francés</a> e lei <a href="/wiki/Reialme_Unit" title="Reialme Unit">Britanics</a> au sègle XIX, compres lo famós <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tantara_ny_Andriana_eto_Madagasikara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tantara ny Andriana eto Madagasikara (la pagina existís pas)">Tantara ny Andriana eto Madagasikara</a></i>. Existiá tanben una literatura escricha que fèt son aparicion entre lei sègles VII e X gràcias ai contactes amb lei marchands arabis. L'escritura demorèt lòngtemps l'apanatge d'una partida menora deis elèits e leis escribas se concentrèron sustot sus l'enregistrament dei rites <a href="/wiki/Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion">religiós</a> e dei coneissenças <a href="/wiki/Medecina" title="Medecina">medicalas</a>. </p><p>La literatura modèrna apareguèt après la fin de la conquista <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francesa</a> e l'introduccion de l'influéncia <a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">europèa</a> dins l'illa. Leis escrivans malgashs adoptèron rapidament leis estiles diferents de la literatura occidentala (poesia, opèra, roman, novèlas...). Un nombre important fasiá de l'organizacion culturala <i>Vy Vato Sakelika</i> que teniá tanben d'objectius nacionalistas, çò qu'entraïnèt una repression viva entre 1915 e 1922. Lei tematicas d'aqueleis autors foguèron principalament centradas sus Madagascar e son passat avans la colonizacion e la lenga pus utilizada èra lo <a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">francés</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Joseph_Rabearivelo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Joseph Rabearivelo (la pagina existís pas)">Jean-Joseph Rabearivelo</a> (1901 ò 1903 - 1937) es l'autor pus famós d'aqueu periòde. Dins lo corrent de la segonda mitat dau sègle XX, lo <a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">francés</a> gardèt un ròtle important mai lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malgash&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malgash (la pagina existís pas)">malgash</a> fèt pauc a pauc sa reaparicion. En revènge, lei tematicas evolucionèron per donar una importància pus granda ais influéncias occidentalas e ai racòntes oraus ancians. Aquò entraïnèt un renovelament de la poesia e l'emergéncia d'estiles novèus (<a href="/wiki/Benda_dessenhada" title="Benda dessenhada">benda dessenhada</a> per exemple). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Musica">Musica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Modificar la seccion : Musica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=29" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Musica"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La musica malgasha es fòrça rica gràcias a l'existéncia de desenaus d'estiles musicaus e d'instruments pròpris ai diferentei regions de l'illa. En mai d'aquelei musicas regionalas, la musica de Madagascar es influenciada per de corrents musicaus venguts d'Asia dau Sud-Èst, d'Africa, de la Peninsula Aràbia, d'<a href="/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Anglatèrra">Anglatèrra</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> e deis <a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">Estats Units d'America</a>. Se pòu devesir entre trei categorias que son lei musicas tradicionala, contemporanèa e populara. La musica contemporanèa es una evolucion de la musica tradicionala que foguèt mesclada amb d'instruments modèrnes (guitarra electrica, sintetizader...) e la musica populara es dirèctament inspirada per la musica occidentala actuala (<a href="/wiki/Hip-hop" title="Hip-hop">hip-hop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">reggae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">gospel</a>, folk...). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teatre_e_dança"><span id="Teatre_e_dan.C3.A7a"></span>Teatre e dança</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Modificar la seccion : Teatre e dança" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=30" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Teatre e dança"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Hira_gasy_dancer_Madagascar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Hira_gasy_dancer_Madagascar.jpg/170px-Hira_gasy_dancer_Madagascar.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Hira_gasy_dancer_Madagascar.jpg/255px-Hira_gasy_dancer_Madagascar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Hira_gasy_dancer_Madagascar.jpg/340px-Hira_gasy_dancer_Madagascar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="3712" /></a><figcaption>Dançaire d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiragasy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hiragasy (la pagina existís pas)">Hiragasy</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Madagascar a una tradicion importanta d'espectacles mesclant teatre e dança dichs hiragasys. Un hiragasy dura environ tota la jornada e sei reglas acomencèron d'èsser fixadas a la fin dau sègle XVIII amb la formacion dei premierei tropas permanentas per lo prince merina <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrianampoinimerina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrianampoinimerina (la pagina existís pas)">Andrianampoinimerina</a>. Pauc a pauc, leis actors integrèron pauc a pauc d'elements politics e critics e certanei tropas (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarika_Ramilison_Fenoarivo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarika Ramilison Fenoarivo (la pagina existís pas)">Tarika Ramilison Fenoarivo</a>) venguèron popularas dins una partida importanta de l'illa. La colonizacion entraïnèt l'introduccion dau teatre e d'instruments <a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">europèus</a> (sustot lo <a href="/wiki/Pian%C3%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="Pianò">pianò</a>), de modificacions dau teatre tradicionau de part d'autors coma <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrianary_Ratianarivo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrianary Ratianarivo (la pagina existís pas)">Andrianary Ratianarivo</a> (1895–1949) e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naka_Rabemananatsoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naka Rabemananatsoa (la pagina existís pas)">Naka Rabemananatsoa</a> (1892–1952) e l'emergéncia dau teatre modèrne malgash. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cinèma"><span id="Cin.C3.A8ma"></span>Cinèma</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Modificar la seccion : Cinèma" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=31" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Cinèma"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lo cinèma malgash es pauc desvolopat mai es pas inexistent amb un vintenau de films realizats dempuei 1974. Inspirat per lei cinèmas <a href="/wiki/Nig%C3%A8ria" title="Nigèria">nigerian</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nollywood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nollywood (la pagina existís pas)">Nollywood</a>) e <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a>, se preocupa sustot de la lucha anticoloniala (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tabataba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tabataba (la pagina existís pas)">Tabataba</a></i> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Rajaonarivelo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raymond Rajaonarivelo (la pagina existís pas)">Raymond Rajaonarivelo</a> que foguèt seleccionat au Festeval de Canas de 1988) e de documentaris. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liames_intèrnes"><span id="Liames_int.C3.A8rnes"></span>Liames intèrnes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Modificar la seccion : Liames intèrnes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=32" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Liames intèrnes"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081024185803/http://www.madagascar.gov.mg/">Govèrn de Madagascar</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060214095426/http://www.assemblee-nationale.mg/fr/">Parlament de Madagascar</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Modificar la seccion : Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=33" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Bibliografia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nòtas_e_referéncias"><span id="N.C3.B2tas_e_refer.C3.A9ncias"></span>Nòtas e referéncias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&veaction=edit&section=34" title="Modificar la seccion : Nòtas e referéncias" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madagascar&action=edit&section=34" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Nòtas e referéncias"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">En <a href="/wiki/Occitan" title="Occitan">occitan</a>, Vy, Vato, Sakelila significa <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A8rre" title="Fèrre">Fèrre</a>, Pèira, Ret.</span> </li> </ol> <p><br /> </p> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" data-autocollapse-group="paleta" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand nowrap tnavbar" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8l:Paleta_Pa%C3%AFses_d%27Africa/Tabl%C3%A8u" title="Modèl:Paleta Païses d'Africa/Tablèu"><abbr class="abbr" title="Veire aqueste modèl.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8l:Paleta_Pa%C3%AFses_d%27Africa/Tabl%C3%A8u&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modificar aqueste modèl. Mercé de previsualizar abans de salvar.">m</abbr></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:LocationAfrica.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/LocationAfrica.png/45px-LocationAfrica.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/LocationAfrica.png/68px-LocationAfrica.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/LocationAfrica.png/90px-LocationAfrica.png 2x" data-file-width="2759" data-file-height="1404" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Lista_dels_pa%C3%AFses_del_mond" class="mw-redirect" title="Lista dels païses del mond"><span style="background-color: #333333; color: #FFF;">Païses</span></a> d'<a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa"><span style="background-color: #333333; color: #FFF;">Africa</span></a></span></th> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"><br style="clear:both;line-height:0.5em;" /> <table width="100%" align="center" border="1px" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse:collapse;margin-bottom:1em;border:1px solid #999999;"> <tbody><tr align="center" style="background:#FFFFFF;font-size:90%;"> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Africa_del_N%C3%B2rd" title="Africa del Nòrd">Africa del Nòrd</a></b></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Africa-countries-northern.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Africa-countries-northern.svg/50px-Africa-countries-northern.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Africa-countries-northern.svg/75px-Africa-countries-northern.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Africa-countries-northern.svg/100px-Africa-countries-northern.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="420" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Argeria" title="Argeria">Argeria</a> • <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a> <small><sup>1</sup></small> • <a href="/wiki/Libia" title="Libia">Libia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Marr%C3%B2c" title="Marròc">Marròc</a> <small><sup>3</sup></small> • <a href="/wiki/Maurit%C3%A0nia" title="Mauritània">Mauritània</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sahara_Occidental" title="Sahara Occidental">Sahara Occidental</a> <small><sup>4</sup></small> • <a href="/wiki/Sodan" title="Sodan">Sodan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Africa_de_l%27O%C3%A8st" title="Africa de l'Oèst">Africa de l'Oèst</a></b></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Africa-countries-western.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Africa-countries-western.svg/50px-Africa-countries-western.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Africa-countries-western.svg/75px-Africa-countries-western.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Africa-countries-western.svg/100px-Africa-countries-western.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="420" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cap_Verd" title="Cap Verd">Cap Verd</a> <sup>2</sup> • <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B2sta_d%27Ev%C3%B2ri" title="Còsta d'Evòri">Còsta d'Evòri</a> • <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A0mbia" title="Gàmbia">Gàmbia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Guin%C3%A8a" title="Guinèa">Guinèa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Guin%C3%A8a_Bissau" title="Guinèa Bissau">Guinèa Bissau</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lib%C3%A8ria" title="Libèria">Libèria</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nig%C3%A8r_(pa%C3%ADs)" title="Nigèr (país)">Nigèr</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nig%C3%A8ria" title="Nigèria">Nigèria</a> • <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a> • <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B2go" title="Tògo">Tògo</a> </td></tr> <tr align="center" style="background:#FFFFFF;font-size:90%;"> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Africa_Centrala" title="Africa Centrala">Africa Centrala</a></b></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Africa-countries-central.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Africa-countries-central.svg/50px-Africa-countries-central.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Africa-countries-central.svg/75px-Africa-countries-central.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Africa-countries-central.svg/100px-Africa-countries-central.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="420" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cameron" title="Cameron">Cameron</a> • <a href="/wiki/Centreafrica" class="mw-redirect" title="Centreafrica">Centreafrica</a> • <a href="/wiki/Republica_de_C%C3%B2ngo" title="Republica de Còngo">Republica de Còngo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Republica_Democratica_de_C%C3%B2ngo" title="Republica Democratica de Còngo">Republica Democratica de Còngo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Guin%C3%A8a_Eq%C3%BCatoriala" title="Guinèa Eqüatoriala">Guinèa Eqüatoriala</a> • <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_e_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé e Príncipe">São Tomé e Príncipe</a> • <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a> </td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Africa_de_l%27%C3%88st" title="Africa de l'Èst">Africa de l'Èst</a></b></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Africa-countries-eastern.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Africa-countries-eastern.svg/50px-Africa-countries-eastern.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Africa-countries-eastern.svg/75px-Africa-countries-eastern.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Africa-countries-eastern.svg/100px-Africa-countries-eastern.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="420" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jiboti" title="Jiboti">Jiboti</a> • <a href="/wiki/Eritr%C3%A8a" title="Eritrèa">Eritrèa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Etiopia" title="Etiopia">Etiopia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> • <a href="/wiki/Oganda" title="Oganda">Oganda</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a> • <a href="/wiki/Seich%C3%A8las" title="Seichèlas">Seichèlas</a> <sup>2</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Sodan_del_Sud" title="Sodan del Sud">Sodan del Sud</a> • <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> </td></tr> <tr align="center" style="background:#FFFFFF;font-size:90%;"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Africa_Australa" title="Africa Australa">Africa Australa</a></b><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Africa-countries-southern.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Africa-countries-southern.svg/50px-Africa-countries-southern.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Africa-countries-southern.svg/75px-Africa-countries-southern.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Africa-countries-southern.svg/100px-Africa-countries-southern.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="420" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ang%C3%B2la" title="Angòla">Angòla</a> • <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Union_de_las_Com%C3%B2ras" class="mw-redirect" title="Union de las Comòras">Comòras</a> <sup>2</sup> • <a href="/wiki/ESwatini" title="ESwatini">eSwatini</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madagascar</a> <sup>2</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Maurici" title="Maurici">Maurici</a> <sup>2</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Mo%C3%A7ambic" title="Moçambic">Moçambic</a> • <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sud-Africa" title="Sud-Africa">Sud-Africa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> </td> <td><b>Autras entitats politicas</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Azawad" title="Azawad">Azawad</a> •<a href="/wiki/Sahara_Occidental" title="Sahara Occidental">Sahara Occidental</a> <small><sup>4</sup></small> • <a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a> </td></tr> <tr align="center" style="font-size: 90%;"> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;" colspan="4"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><small><sup>1</sup></small> <small>parcialament african   </small></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><sup>2</sup> <small>país insular   </small></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><small><sup>3</sup></small> <small>non membre de l'<a href="/wiki/Union_Africana" title="Union Africana">Union Africana</a>   </small></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><small><sup>4</sup></small> <small>pas reconegut per l'ensemble de la comunitat internacionala mas membre de l'<a href="/wiki/Union_Africana" title="Union Africana">Union Africana</a></small></span> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr> </tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img 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