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Default for EU is false, and default for non-EU is true. */ if (isEU) { try { if (typeof __cmp === "function") { __cmp("getVendorConsents", {}, function(c) { var consent = false; if (Array.isArray(c.purposeConsents)) { consent = c.purposeConsents.indexOf("3:true") !== -1; } else if (typeof c.purposeConsents === "object") { consent = c.purposeConsents[3]; } if (consent !== false && consent !== true) consent = false; setFpbGPTPersonalization(consent); }); } else { setFpbGPTPersonalization(false); } } catch (error) { console.error("personalization: ", error); setFpbGPTPersonalization(false); } } else { setFpbGPTPersonalization(true); } }; var setFpbGPTPersonalization = function setFpbGPTPersonalization( personalized, googletag ) { /* FPB Wait until DFP is ready and push personalization to DPT. */ googletag = googletag || window.googletag; googletag.cmd.push(function() { if (!window.dfpReady) { console.log("Awaiting DFP setup."); setTimeout(setFpbGPTPersonalization, 100, personalized); } else { console.log("Doing personalization."); if (personalized) { googletag.pubads().setRequestNonPersonalizedAds(0); } else { googletag.pubads().setRequestNonPersonalizedAds(1); } } }); }; /**-------------- Targeting runtime setup --------------*/ pageTargeting.ref = window.document.referrer.search( "dictionary.com|thesaurus.com|reference.com|lexico.com" ) > -1 ? "organic" : "direct"; pageTargeting.lang = window.navigator.userLanguage || window.navigator.language; pageTargeting.pv = typeof SCCookie !== "undefined" ? SCCookie.getPageViewCount() + "" : ""; pageTargeting.rpv = Math.floor(Math.random() * 100 + 1).toString(); pageTargeting.sid = ""; pageTargeting.bid = ""; var bidRpvThreshold = 4; window.adlerData.shouldSetLoki = pageTargeting.rpv > bidRpvThreshold; var apstagSlots = (function(slotConfigs) { var slots = slotConfigs.reduce(function(accumulator, currentValue) { accumulator.push({ slotID: currentValue.placement, sizes: currentValue.sizes }); return accumulator; }, []); return slots; })(slotConfigs); var FAILSAFE_TIMEOUT = 5000; // this timeout should be more than OpenWrap timeout var googletag = googletag || {}; googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; var adSlots = adSlots || { slots: {} }; </script><script>window.performance.mark('gptLoadStart');</script><script async="async" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111223604js_/https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js" onload="(function() { window.performance.mark('gptLoadEnd'); window.performance.measure('gptLoad', 'gptLoadStart', 'gptLoadEnd'); var timing = window.performance.getEntriesByName('gptLoad')[0].duration; window.dataLayer.push({ event: 'gptLoad', page: page, timing: timing }); })()"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111223604js_/https://ads.pubmatic.com/AdServer/js/pwt/103207/1484/pwt.js"></script><script>determineConsent(); window.dataLayer.push({ event: "initialDetermineConsentInvocationComplete", timing: generateFormattedTime(), sessionId: sessionId }); function initAdserver(wasCalledByFailsafe) { if ( window.initAdserverFlag !== true && (wasCalledByFailsafe === true || (PWT.a9_BidsReceived && PWT.ow_BidsReceived && window.adlerData.mup.values && window.adlerData.rtf.values)) ) { window.dataLayer.push({ event: "initAdServerRun", timing: generateFormattedTime(), sessionId: sessionId }); window.initAdserverFlag = true; if (!PWT.ow_Bids) { var owBackup = []; for (var i = 0; i < slotConfigs.length; i++) { owBackup.push({ adUnitIndex: "" + i, adUnitId: slotConfigs[i].code, bidData: { kvp: {} }, code: slotConfigs[i].placement, divId: slotConfigs[i].placement }); } PWT.ow_Bids = owBackup; } if (!PWT.a9_Bids) { PWT.a9_Bids = []; } processMupFpbValues(PWT.ow_Bids); processRtfFpbValues(PWT.ow_Bids, PWT.a9_Bids, allSlotConfigs, window.adlerData.shouldSetLoki); PWT.addKeyValuePairsToGPTSlots(PWT.ow_Bids); PWT.a9_BidsReceived = PWT.ow_BidsReceived = false; PWT.a9_Bids = PWT.ow_Bids = undefined; googletag.pubads().refresh(PWT.requestBidSlots); window.performance.mark("adStackEnd"); window.performance.measure("adStack", "adStackStart", "adStackEnd"); window.performance.clearMarks(); window.performance.clearMeasures(); } } googletag.cmd.push(function() { window.dataLayer.push({ event: "setupDFP", timing: generateFormattedTime(), sessionId: sessionId }); /**-------------- Set page level targeting for DFP --------------*/ (function setPageLevelTargeting(googletag) { /* Both Bidders Set targeting params pertaining to all slots on page. */ googletag = googletag || window.googletag; Object.keys(pageTargeting).forEach(function(pageTarget) { if ( Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(pageTargeting, pageTarget) ) { (function(key, value) { googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.pubads().setTargeting(key, value); }); })(pageTarget, pageTargeting[pageTarget]); } }); googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.pubads().setTargeting('odo_l', 'en'); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("odo_hw", "vagabond"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting('odo_c', ['']); googletag.pubads().setTargeting('odo_t', ['']); }); })(googletag); /**-------------- Set ad slot level targeting for DFP --------------*/ if (typeof slotConfigs === "object") { (function setAdSlotTargeting(googletag) { /* Both Bidders 1. Define initial (static) slots for DPT. 2. Add listeners for events relevant to analytics. 3. Set targeting params pertaining to individual slots. */ var adSlotRenderPeriods = {}; googletag = googletag || window.googletag; slotConfigs.forEach(function(slot) { googletag.cmd.push(function() { adSlots.slots[slot.placement] = googletag .defineSlot(slot.code, slot.sizes, slot.placement) .addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag .pubads() .addEventListener("slotRenderEnded", function(event) { if (event.slot === adSlots.slots[slot.placement]) { adSlotRenderPeriods[slot.placement] = Date.now(); } }); googletag .pubads() .addEventListener("slotOnload", function(event) { if (event.slot === adSlots.slots[slot.placement]) { window.dataLayer.push({ event: "gptSlotRenderPeriod", page: page, slotId: slot.placement, code: slot.code, position: slot.targeting.pos, position2: slot.targeting.pos2, time: Date.now() - adSlotRenderPeriods[slot.placement] }); } }); googletag .pubads() .addEventListener("impressionViewable", function(event) { if (event.slot === adSlots.slots[slot.placement]) { window.dataLayer.push({ event: "gptImpressionViewable", page: page, slotId: slot.placement, code: slot.code, position: slot.targeting.pos, position2: slot.targeting.pos2 }); } }); Object.keys(slot.targeting).forEach(function(target) { if ( Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(slot.targeting, target) ) { adSlots.slots[slot.placement].setTargeting( target, slot.targeting[target] ); } }); adSlots.slots[slot.placement].setTargeting("adrefresh", "n"); }); }); })(googletag); } (function pushAdSlots(googletag) { googletag = googletag || window.googletag; googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.pubads().disableInitialLoad(); googletag.enableServices(); window.dfpReady = true; }); })(googletag); googletag.display(); PWT.requestBidSlots = googletag.pubads().getSlots(); if (typeof PWT.requestBids === "function") { const config = PWT.generateConfForGPT( PWT.requestBidSlots ); PWT.requestBids(config, function(adUnitsArray) { PWT.ow_Bids = adUnitsArray; PWT.ow_BidsReceived = true; initAdserver(false); }); } setTimeout(function() { initAdserver(true); }, FAILSAFE_TIMEOUT); }); /**-------------------- A9 --------------------*/ function a9Q(c, r) { window[a9]._Q.push([c, r]); } window.apstag = { init: function init() { for (var _len = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len), _key = 0; _key < _len; _key++) { args[_key] = arguments[_key]; } a9Q('i', args); }, fetchBids: function fetchBids() { for (var _len2 = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len2), _key2 = 0; _key2 < _len2; _key2++) { args[_key2] = arguments[_key2]; } a9Q('f', args); }, setDisplayBids: function setDisplayBids() {}, _Q: [] }; window.performance.mark('apstagLoadStart'); </script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111223604js_/https://c.amazon-adsystem.com/aax2/apstag.js"></script><script>window.performance.mark('apstagLoadEnd'); window.performance.measure('apstagLoad', 'apstagLoadStart', 'apstagLoadEnd'); var timing = window.performance.getEntriesByName('apstagLoad')[0].duration; window.dataLayer.push({ event: 'apstagLoad', page: page, timing: timing }); /**----------------- Initialize apstag (A9) -----------------*/ apstag.init({ pubID: "3067", adServer: "googletag", bidTimeout: 1000 }); window.dataLayer.push({ event: "initialA9RequestInitiated", timing: generateFormattedTime(), sessionId: sessionId }); apstag.fetchBids( { slots: apstagSlots, timeout: 1000 // Make sure this timeout is less than or equal to OpenWrap TimeOut }, function(bids) { googletag.cmd.push(function() { apstag.setDisplayBids(); PWT.a9_Bids = bids; PWT.a9_BidsReceived = true; initAdserver(false); }); } ); /**-------------------------- Mup Fpb integration --------------------------*/ var MAGIC = 0xbeefcafe; function getMupFpbParams(mupFpbSlotConfigs, mupFpbConfig) { var mupParams = {}; mupFpbSlotConfigs.forEach(function(slotConfig) { try { mupParams[slotConfig.placement] = { site: mupFpbConfig.site, geo: mupFpbConfig.adlerGeo || "", platform: mupFpbConfig.detectedDevice, sizes: slotConfig.sizes, position: slotConfig.targeting.pos }; } catch (error) { console.log("Error forming mup params:", error.message); return false; } return true; }); return mupParams; } function getAdlerKey(size) { var keyMap = { "970x250": "adler_a", "300x600": "adler_a", "320x100": "adler_a", "970x90": "adler_b", "728x90": "adler", "300x250": "adler", "320x50": "adler", "160x600": "adler" }; return keyMap[size]; } function parseMupResponse(mupFpbAjaxCall) { try { window.adlerData.mup.values = JSON.parse(mupFpbAjaxCall.responseText); initAdserver(false); } catch (err) { console.log("Error parsing mupResponse: ".concat(err.message)); } } function processMupFpbValues(adUnitsArray) { if (!window.adlerData.mup.values) return false; var mupFpbValues = window.adlerData.mup.values; adUnitsArray.forEach(function(adUnit) { if (adUnit.bidData.kvp.pwtsz) { try { var adlerKey = getAdlerKey(adUnit.bidData.kvp.pwtsz); if ( adlerKey === null || !mupFpbValues[adUnit.code] || !mupFpbValues[adUnit.code][adlerKey] ) { return false; } var markup = mupFpbValues[adUnit.code][adlerKey]; var deobfuscatedMarkup = deobMup(markup.adler); var muv = 100 + deobfuscatedMarkup; var centPwtecp = parseInt( adUnit.bidData.kvp.pwtecp.replace(".", ""), 10 ); var adjustedPwtecp = (centPwtecp * muv) / 10000; adUnit.bidData.kvp.pwtecp = adjustedPwtecp.toFixed(2); adUnit.bidData.kvp.mup = "".concat(deobfuscatedMarkup); } catch (error) { console.log("Error applying mup for:", adUnit.code); return false; } } return true; }); window.adlerData.mup.processed = true; return true; } function callMupFpb(slotConfigs, mupFpbConfig) { var mupFpbReq = new XMLHttpRequest(); mupFpbReq.addEventListener( "load", parseMupResponse.bind(null, mupFpbReq) ); mupFpbReq.open("POST", mupFpbConfig.mupFpbApiEndpoint, true); mupFpbReq.timeout = 1000; mupFpbReq.send( JSON.stringify(getMupFpbParams(slotConfigs, mupFpbConfig)) ); } function reverse(n) { var x = new Uint32Array(1); x[0] = n; x[0] = ((x[0] & 0x0000ffff) << 16) | ((x[0] & 0xffff0000) >>> 16); x[0] = ((x[0] & 0x55555555) << 1) | ((x[0] & 0xaaaaaaaa) >>> 1); x[0] = ((x[0] & 0x33333333) << 2) | ((x[0] & 0xcccccccc) >>> 2); x[0] = ((x[0] & 0x0f0f0f0f) << 4) | ((x[0] & 0xf0f0f0f0) >>> 4); x[0] = ((x[0] & 0x00ff00ff) << 8) | ((x[0] & 0xff00ff00) >>> 8); return x[0]; } function unflip(n) { return reverse(n ^ MAGIC); } function deobMup(encryptedMup) { if (!encryptedMup) { throw new Error( "Missing Mup. Please confirm value is being passed in." ); } var decryptedMup = unflip(parseInt(encryptedMup, 10)); return decryptedMup; } /**-------------- End of Mup Fpb integration --------------*/ /**--------------------- Rtf integration ------------------*/ function setRtfInstrumentationKV(rtfSlotConfigs, status, error) { rtfSlotConfigs.forEach(function(slotConfig) { slotConfig.targeting.adler_status = status; if (error) { slotConfig.targeting.adler_error = error; } }); } function getRtfParams(rtfSlotConfigs, rtfFpbConfig) { var requestParams = {}; var geo = rtfFpbConfig.adlerGeo || ""; if (geo === "") { setRtfInstrumentationKV(rtfSlotConfigs, "nogeo", "nogeo"); } rtfSlotConfigs.forEach(function(slotConfig) { try { requestParams[slotConfig.placement] = { site: rtfFpbConfig.site, geo: geo, platform: rtfFpbConfig.detectedDevice, sizes: slotConfig.sizes, position: slotConfig.targeting.pos }; } catch (error) { console.log("Error forming rtf params:", error.message); return false; } return true; }); return requestParams; } function rtfFallback(rtfSlotConfigs, event) { setRtfInstrumentationKV(rtfSlotConfigs, event.type); } function injectRtfValue(adUnit, rtfSlotConfigs) { var rtfFpbValues = window.adlerData.rtf.values; rtfSlotConfigs.forEach(function(slotConfig) { if (slotConfig.placement !== adUnit.code) return false; if (!rtfFpbValues[slotConfig.placement]) { slotConfig.targeting.adler_status = "nofloor"; } else { slotConfig.targeting.adler = rtfFpbValues[slotConfig.placement].adler; slotConfig.targeting.adler_a = rtfFpbValues[slotConfig.placement].adler_a; slotConfig.targeting.adler_b = rtfFpbValues[slotConfig.placement].adler_b; slotConfig.targeting.adler_status = "ok"; } return true; }); } function parseRtfValues(rtfAjaxCall, rtfSlotConfigs) { try { window.adlerData.rtf.values = JSON.parse(rtfAjaxCall.responseText); initAdserver(false); } catch (err) { setRtfInstrumentationKV(rtfSlotConfigs, "parse", err.message); } } function processRtfFpbValues( pubmaticAdUnitsArray, a9BidsArray, rtfSlotConfigs, shouldSetLoki ) { if (!window.adlerData.rtf.values) return false; var rtfFpbValues = window.adlerData.rtf.values; var a9NoBidValues = ["0", "1", "2"]; for (var i = 0; i < pubmaticAdUnitsArray.length; i += 1) { var adUnit = pubmaticAdUnitsArray[i]; var noA9bidForSlot = false; for (var j = 0; j < a9BidsArray.length; j += 1) { var a9Bid = a9BidsArray[j]; if ( a9Bid.slotID === pubmaticAdUnitsArray[i].code && (!a9Bid.amznbid || a9NoBidValues.indexOf(a9Bid.amznbid) !== -1) ) { noA9bidForSlot = true; break; } } if ( !adUnit.bidData.kvp.pwtsz && (noA9bidForSlot || a9BidsArray.length === 0) && shouldSetLoki ) { try { if (!rtfFpbValues[adUnit.code]) { return false; } var rtfValue = rtfFpbValues[adUnit.code].adler_a || rtfFpbValues[adUnit.code].adler; adUnit.bidData.kvp.pwtpid = "loki"; adUnit.bidData.kvp.pwtecp = rtfValue; adUnit.bidData.kvp.pwtbst = "1"; injectRtfValue(adUnit, rtfSlotConfigs); } catch (error) { console.log("Error applying rtf for:", adUnit.code); } } } window.adlerData.rtf.processed = true; return true; } function callRTFFpb(slotConfigs, rtfFpbConfig) { var rtfReq = new XMLHttpRequest(); rtfReq.addEventListener( "load", parseRtfValues.bind(null, rtfReq, slotConfigs) ); rtfReq.addEventListener("timeout", rtfFallback.bind(null, slotConfigs)); rtfReq.addEventListener("error", rtfFallback.bind(null, slotConfigs)); rtfReq.open("POST", rtfFpbConfig.rtfFpbApiEndpoint, true); rtfReq.timeout = 1000; rtfReq.send(JSON.stringify(getRtfParams(slotConfigs, rtfFpbConfig))); } /**------------------ End of Rtf integration ------------------*/ googletag.cmd.push(function() { callMupFpb(allSlotConfigs, mupFpbConfiguration); callRTFFpb(allSlotConfigs, rtfFpbConfig); }); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var testAdParam = {}; var mupData = undefined; var updatePageTargeting = function(pageTargeting, testParam) { pageTargeting.spe = 'n'; pageTargeting.kw = ''; pageTargeting.loc = mupFpbConfiguration && mupFpbConfiguration.adlerGeo ? mupFpbConfiguration.adlerGeo : ''; pageTargeting.rpv = Math.floor(Math.random() * 100 + 1).toString(); pageTargeting.evince = 'ad'; pageTargeting.ref = 'organic'; pageTargeting.lang = window.navigator.userLanguage || window.navigator.language; pageTargeting.dow = new Date().getDay().toString(); pageTargeting.pv = typeof SCCookie !== "undefined" ? SCCookie.getPageViewCount() + "" : ""; if (mupData) { pageTargeting.mup = mupData.profileNumber; } window.adlerData.shouldSetLoki = pageTargeting.rpv > bidRpvThreshold; const objs = [pageTargeting, testParam]; const targeting = objs.reduce(function(r, o) { Object.keys(o).forEach(function(key) { r[key] = o[key]; }); return r; }); return targeting; } function refreshAds(event) { var refreshSlotConfigs = event.detail.slotConfigs.concat(event.detail.lazySlotConfigs); var pageTargeting = updatePageTargeting(event.detail.pageTargeting, testAdParam); window.performance.mark('adStackStart'); (function refreshLazySlots(lazySlotConfigs) { window.refreshLazyAds = lazySlotConfigs.map(function(slot) { return { placement: slot.placement, refresh: true }; }); })(event.detail.lazySlotConfigs); // Clear old state window.initAdserverFlag = false; // Delete old config googletag.destroySlots(); callMupFpb(refreshSlotConfigs, mupFpbConfiguration); callRTFFpb(refreshSlotConfigs, rtfFpbConfig); determineConsent(); /**---------- Set page level targeting for DFP ----------*/ (function setPageLevelTargeting(googletag) { /* Both Bidders Set targeting params pertaining to all slots on page. */ googletag = googletag || window.googletag; Object.keys(pageTargeting).forEach(function(pageTarget) { if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(pageTargeting, pageTarget)) { (function(key, value) { googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.pubads().setTargeting(key, value); }); })(pageTarget, pageTargeting[pageTarget]); } }); })(googletag); /**---------- Set ad slot level targeting for DFP ----------*/ if (typeof event.detail.slotConfigs === "object") { (function setSpecificAdSlotTargeting(googletag, specificSlotConfigs) { var refresh = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : false; /* FPB 1. Define initial (static) slots for DPT. 2. Add listeners for events relevant to analytics. 3. Set targeting params pertaining to individual slots. */ var adSlotRenderPeriods = {}; googletag = googletag || window.googletag; specificSlotConfigs.forEach(function(slot) { googletag.cmd.push(function() { adSlots.slots[slot.placement] = googletag.defineSlot(slot.code, slot.sizes, slot.placement).addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRenderEnded', function(event) { if (event.slot === adSlots.slots[slot.placement]) { adSlotRenderPeriods[slot.placement] = Date.now(); } }); googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotOnload', function(event) { if (event.slot === adSlots.slots[slot.placement]) { window.dataLayer.push({ event: 'gptSlotRenderPeriod', page: page, slotId: slot.placement, code: slot.code, position: slot.targeting.pos, position2: slot.targeting.pos2, time: Date.now() - adSlotRenderPeriods[slot.placement] }); } }); googletag.pubads().addEventListener('impressionViewable', function(event) { if (event.slot === adSlots.slots[slot.placement]) { window.dataLayer.push({ event: 'gptImpressionViewable', page: page, slotId: slot.placement, code: slot.code, position: slot.targeting.pos, position2: slot.targeting.pos2 }); } }); Object.keys(slot.targeting).forEach(function(target) { if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(slot.targeting, target)) { adSlots.slots[slot.placement].setTargeting(target, slot.targeting[target]); } }); adSlots.slots[slot.placement].setTargeting('adrefresh', refresh ? 'y' : 'n'); }); }); })(googletag, event.detail.slotConfigs, event.detail.isNotPageTransition); } (function pushAdSlots(googletag) { googletag = googletag || window.googletag; googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.pubads().disableInitialLoad(); googletag.enableServices(); window.dfpReady = true; }); })(googletag); googletag.display(); PWT.requestBidSlots = googletag.pubads().getSlots(); if (typeof PWT.requestBids === 'function') { const config = PWT.generateConfForGPT(PWT.requestBidSlots); PWT.requestBids( config, function(adUnitsArray) { PWT.ow_Bids = adUnitsArray; PWT.ow_BidsReceived = true; initAdserver(false); } ); } apstag.fetchBids({ slots: apstagSlots, timeout: 1000 // Make sure this timeout is less than or equal to OpenWrap TimeOut }, function(bids) { googletag.cmd.push(function() { apstag.setDisplayBids(); PWT.a9_Bids = bids; PWT.a9_BidsReceived = true; initAdserver(false); }); }); } function requestLazyAd(event) { var results = {}; var lazyInitAdserver = function(slot) { if (results.a9_BidsReceived && results.ow_BidsReceived && window.adlerData.mup.values && window.adlerData.rtf.values) { if (!results.ow_Bids) { var owBackup = []; for (var i = 0; i < slotConfigs.length; i++) { owBackup.push({ adUnitIndex: '' + i, adUnitId: slotConfigs[i].code, bidData: { kvp: {} }, code: slotConfigs[i].placement, divId: slotConfigs[i].placement, }); } results.ow_Bids = owBackup; } if (!results.a9_Bids) { results.a9_Bids = []; } processMupFpbValues(results.ow_Bids); processRtfFpbValues(results.ow_Bids, results.a9_Bids, allSlotConfigs, window.adlerData.shouldSetLoki); PWT.addKeyValuePairsToGPTSlots(results.ow_Bids); googletag.display(slotConfig.placement); googletag.pubads().refresh([slot]); } } var slotConfig = lazySlotConfigs.find( (function(config) { return config.placement === event.detail; }) ); if (slotConfig && googletag) { var apstagSlot = (function formatApstagSlot(slot) { var slots = [{ slotID: slot.placement, sizes: slot.sizes }]; return slots; })(slotConfig); googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.destroySlots([adSlots.slots[slotConfig.placement]]); adSlots.slots[slotConfig.placement] = null; const slot = googletag.defineSlot( slotConfig.code, slotConfig.sizes, slotConfig.placement ); if (slot) { adSlots.slots[slotConfig.placement] = slot.addService( googletag.pubads() ); Object.keys(slotConfig.targeting).forEach(function(key) { adSlots.slots[slotConfig.placement].setTargeting( key, slotConfig.targeting[key] ); }); if (typeof PWT.requestBids === 'function') { const config = PWT.generateConfForGPT([slot]); PWT.requestBids( config, function(adUnitsArray) { results.ow_Bids = adUnitsArray; results.ow_BidsReceived = true; lazyInitAdserver(slot); } ); } apstag.fetchBids( { slots: apstagSlot, timeout: 1000 }, (function(bids) { googletag.cmd.push(function() { apstag.setDisplayBids(); results.a9_Bids = bids; results.a9_BidsReceived = true; lazyInitAdserver(slot); }); }) ); } }); } }; 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class="kBoxContent"><ul><li><span>à</span></li><li><span>á</span></li><li><span>â</span></li><li><span>ä</span></li><li><span>ã</span></li><li><span>ă</span></li><li><span>ā</span></li><li><span>ç</span></li><li><span>č</span></li><li><span>è</span></li><li><span>é</span></li><li><span>ê</span></li><li><span>ë</span></li><li><span>ē</span></li><li><span>ģ</span></li><li><span>ì</span></li><li><span>í</span></li><li><span>î</span></li><li><span>ï</span></li><li><span>ī</span></li><li><span>ķ</span></li><li><span>ļ</span></li><li><span>ñ</span></li><li><span>ň</span></li><li><span>ņ</span></li><li><span>ò</span></li><li><span>ó</span></li><li><span>ô</span></li><li><span>ö</span></li><li><span>õ</span></li><li><span>ş</span></li><li><span>š</span></li><li><span>ţ</span></li><li><span>ù</span></li><li><span>ú</span></li><li><span>û</span></li><li><span>ü</span></li><li><span>ū</span></li><li><span>ý</span></li><li><span>ž</span></li><li><span>æ</span></li><li><span>œ</span></li><li><span>ß</span></li></ul><i 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23.646h-3.431v-10.316h3.431v10.316m-1.716-11.726h-.022c-1.151 0-1.895-.793-1.895-1.783 0-1.012.768-1.783 1.939-1.783 1.174 0 1.896.771 1.918 1.783 0 .99-.744 1.783-1.94 1.783m14.08 11.726h-3.43v-5.52c0-1.387-.496-2.333-1.738-2.333-.946 0-1.512.64-1.76 1.255-.091.221-.113.525-.113.836v5.762h-3.429c0 0 .044-9.349 0-10.316h3.429v1.461c.457-.705 1.271-1.703 3.092-1.703 2.256 0 3.949 1.473 3.949 4.642v5.916"/></g></svg></i></a></li> </ul></div> <h2 class="hwg"><span class="hw" data-headword-id="vagabond">vagabond</span></h2><div class="hwg"><div class="entryGroup" id="h70161479766680"><h3 class="pronunciations">Pronunciation <a class="ipaLink" href="/web/20201111223604/https://www.lexico.com/key-to-pronunciation" title="Key to pronunciations"></a><span class="phoneticspelling">/ˈvaɡəbɒnd/</span> <a class="speaker" onclick="this.firstElementChild.play();"><audio src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111223604im_/https://lex-audio.useremarkable.com/mp3/vagabond_gb_1.mp3" preload="none"></audio></a></h3></div></div><p class="associatedTranslation">Translate <a href="/web/20201111223604/https://www.lexico.com/en-es/traducir/vagabond?locale=en">vagabond</a> into Spanish</p></header></div><section class="gramb"><h3 class="ps pos"><span class="pos">noun</span></h3><span class="transitivity"></span><ul class="semb"><li><div class="trg"><p><span class="iteration">1</span><span class="ind">A person who wanders from place to place without a home or job.</span></p><span class="indicators"></span><div class="exg"><div class="ex"><em>‘Vagabond Tales is loosely based around the adventures of a musical vagabond who travels around the world and through time to bring different kinds of music back to the traveling minstrels of Barrage.’</em></div></div><div class="examples"><div class="moreInfo"><button data-behaviour="ga-event" data-value="more example sentences">More example sentences</button></div><div class="exg"><ul class="english-ex"><li class="ex"><em>‘A group of vagabonds and derelicts inhabit a shelter in Moscow, presided over by a fanatical leader who preaches the love of everyone for everyone.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘I am a dogged traveler, the determined vagabond.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘He writes about artisans, peasants, the rural poor, vagabonds, and beggars.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘We're just vagabonds, traveling from one place to another.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Elizabethan England faced a mounting economic problem as the poor became poorer, and a growing army of vagabonds and beggars roamed the streets and countryside.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘A decree of Napoleon in 1808 sent vagabonds to prison and beggars to dépôts de mendicité where they were subjected to forced labour.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘I worked at a racetrack, picked fruit, traveled about as a vagabond.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Throughout the 1920s and 1930s, Eleanor cared for a succession of hoboes, vagabonds, and bums who called at the back door of the large house the family owned on Hamond Street in Chicago.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Beggars, vagabonds, prostitutes, and criminals occupied the bottom of this social order, and might have made up as much as 10 to 20 per cent of the urban population.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Three categories of poor were subsequently recognized: sturdy beggars or vagabonds, regarded as potential trouble-makers, the infirm, and the deserving unemployed.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘I was walking to my campus, it was in 1985, when I saw the body of a vagabond not far from the campus entrance gate.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Those who died on the Marina beach included fishermen, vagabonds, rag-pickers etc. who either had no home to go to or were out doing their bit to earn enough for one proper meal a day.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Where have they gone, those loafing heroes of folk song, those vagabonds who roam from one mill to another and bed down under the stars.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘He then became a vagabond, initially sleeping on the streets or wherever he could find shelter.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Judging by the clothing quality, the individual looked like a vagabond.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘He had found her, a run away vagabond, on the side of the road.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘He is, says his biographer, ‘an old-fashioned theatrical vagabond, travelling light’.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘The carnie is no longer a punchline for a joke but a vanishing breed of vagabond that triggers wanderlust nostalgia, not thoughts of syphilis and criminal misdeeds.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Every European country legislated against vagrancy, often insisting that vagabonds should be returned to their parish of origin, and if necessary whipped or branded to deter them from trying again.’</em></li></ul></div></div><div class="synonyms"><div class="moreInfo"><button data-behaviour="ga-event-synonyms" data-value="expand/collapse">Synonyms</button></div><div class="exg"><div><strong class="syn">itinerant</strong><span class="syn">, wanderer, nomad, wayfarer, traveller, gypsy, rover, tramp, vagrant, drifter, transient, migrant, homeless person, derelict, beachcomber, down-and-out, beggar, person of no fixed abode, person of no fixed address, knight of the road, bird of passage, rolling stone</span></div><a data-behaviour="ga-event-synonyms" data-value="view synonyms" href="/web/20201111223604/https://www.lexico.com/synonym/vagabond">View synonyms</a></div></div><ol class="subSenses"><li class="subSense"><span class="subsenseIteration">1.1</span><span class="sense-registers">informal, dated </span><span class="ind">A dishonest or unprincipled person.</span><div class="trg"></div><div class="examples"><div class="moreInfo"><button data-behaviour="ga-event" data-value="more example sentences">More example sentences</button></div><div class="exg"><ul class="english-ex"><li class="ex"><em>‘We can't afford first time grants for houses, but we can afford €60m to buy an ego boosting plane for the vagabonds who squandered the boom years.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘The husband arranges her marriage with a person who is considered a vagabond.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘According children V.I.P treatment only helps to groom rogues and vagabonds in the long term.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘I don't attract a clientele of vagabonds and rogues and scurrilous types with evil motives.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘She got married one lunchtime and didn't tell her parents until she was four months pregnant, because my father was an actor, and actors then were kind of vagabonds, you know.’</em></li></ul></div></div><div class="synonyms"><div class="moreInfo"><button data-behaviour="ga-event-synonyms" data-value="expand/collapse">Synonyms</button></div><div class="exg"><div><strong class="syn">scoundrel</strong><span class="syn">, villain, rogue, rascal, brute, animal, weasel, snake, monster, ogre, wretch, devil, good-for-nothing, reprobate, wrongdoer, evil-doer</span></div><a data-behaviour="ga-event-synonyms" data-value="view synonyms" href="/web/20201111223604/https://www.lexico.com/synonym/vagabond">View synonyms</a></div></div></li></ol></div></li></ul></section><section class="gramb"><h3 class="ps pos"><span class="pos">adjective</span></h3><span class="transitivity"></span><span class="grammatical_note">attributive</span> <ul class="semb"><li><div class="trg"><p><span class="iteration"></span><span class="ind">Having no settled home.</span></p><span class="indicators"></span><div class="exg"><div class="ex"><em>‘a vagabond poacher’</em></div></div><div class="examples"><div class="moreInfo"><button data-behaviour="ga-event" data-value="more example sentences">More example sentences</button></div><div class="exg"><ul class="english-ex"><li class="ex"><em>‘Block out the sight of vagabond children hawking tat at traffic intersections.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘I suppose if I were a journalist with some newspaper's or magazine's code of ethics, instead of being a vagabond poet, I might have to be careful about accepting even pens and calendar.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘The extent of his acting ability is further shown in his portrayal of his own vagabond jazz trombonist father.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘The Inn was full of vagabond sailors and people who worked about Cabana Bay.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘He could not survive on his own, a vagabond dog on the run.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘I was a vagabond disk jockey on small stations with little income at age 30.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Born in Texas, and named by an Indian mystic, Devendra is a vagabond artist in the purest sense of the word.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘One advantage the vagabond angler has is the knowledge gained by casting over different venues.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘I can't quit my job and become a vagabond anti-imperial rebel at this stage of my life.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘A vagabond black crow which was found wandering in Kimberley Road a few days ago, is now lodging at the Queen's Park Zoo until someone claims him - for he appears to be a pet.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Niche travel, which is the category we vagabond surfers fall under, is available online too.’</em></li></ul></div></div><div class="synonyms"><div class="moreInfo"><button data-behaviour="ga-event-synonyms" data-value="expand/collapse">Synonyms</button></div><div class="exg"><div><strong class="syn">itinerant</strong><span class="syn">, wandering, nomadic, travelling, ambulatory, mobile, on the move, journeying, roving, roaming, vagrant, transient, floating, migrant, migrating, migratory</span></div><a data-behaviour="ga-event-synonyms" data-value="view synonyms" href="/web/20201111223604/https://www.lexico.com/synonym/vagabond">View synonyms</a></div></div></div></li></ul></section><section class="gramb"><h3 class="ps pos"><span class="pos">verb</span></h3><span class="transitivity"><span class="neutral">[</span>no object<span class="neutral">]</span></span><span class="sense-registers">archaic </span><ul class="semb"><li><div class="trg"><p><span class="iteration"></span><span class="ind">Wander about as or like a vagabond.</span></p><span class="indicators"></span><div class="exg"><div class="ex"><em>‘he went vagabonding about the world’</em></div></div><div class="examples"><div class="moreInfo"><button data-behaviour="ga-event" data-value="more example sentences">More example sentences</button></div><div class="exg"><ul class="english-ex"><li class="ex"><em>‘At home most of the time, I would bundle my baby in his stroller and go vagabonding as and when the weather would allow.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Perhaps not coincidentally, Amelia's vagabonding seems to have run across a few stops of the National Air Races which were underway at the same time.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘He vagabonded his way to Paris and immediately settled into a bohemian life.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘The most savvy travellers I know log onto this site as they vagabond.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘I think she was happy vagabonding with the couple.’</em></li></ul></div></div><div class="synonyms"><div class="moreInfo"><button data-behaviour="ga-event-synonyms" data-value="expand/collapse">Synonyms</button></div><div class="exg"><div><strong class="syn">wander</strong><span class="syn">, roam, rove, range, travel, travel idly, journey, voyage, globetrot, drift, coast, meander, gad about, gallivant, jaunt, take a trip, go on a trip</span></div><a data-behaviour="ga-event-synonyms" data-value="view synonyms" href="/web/20201111223604/https://www.lexico.com/synonym/vagabond">View synonyms</a></div></div></div></li></ul></section><section class="etymology etym"><h3><strong>Origin</strong></h3><div class="senseInnerWrapper"><p>Middle English (originally denoting a criminal): from Old French, or from Latin vagabundus, from vagari ‘wander’.</p></div></section></div></div></div><aside class="sideBanner"><div class="sideBannerWrap"><div class="banner adUnit"><div id="lexi_serp_dkt_atf_160x600_1"></div><div id=""></div></div></div></aside><aside id="sidebar" class="sidebar extend"><div class="sidebar-content"><div class="banbox-mini"><div class="adUnit "><div id="lexi_serp_dkt_btf_300x250_20"><script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("lexi_serp_dkt_btf_300x250_20"); });</script></div><div id="lexi_serp_mweb_btf_300x250_10"><script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("lexi_serp_mweb_btf_300x250_10"); });</script></div></div></div><div class="dayword"><section><div class="daywordmain"><span class="wotd-title">Word of the day</span><div class="word_spacer"></div><div><div><strong><a class="linkword" id="1285cacf-4aa7-4689-a016-009b84262de3" href="/web/20201111223604/https://www.lexico.com/definition/realo" data-behaviour="ga-event-wotd" data-value="Word">realo</a><div class="rsbtn"><a class="voice" onclick="document.getElementById('3406632f-444e-4db7-883d-419eb7e185ef').play();" data-behaviour="ga-event-wotd" data-value="audio"><svg enable-background="new 0 0 42 42" height="42" viewbox="0 0 42 42" width="42" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g class="orn"><circle cx="21" cy="21" r="21"/><circle class="wh-s" cx="21" cy="21" r="17" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2"/></g><g class="wh"><path d="m14.3 18h-3.8v6h3.8l4.9 4c0 0 1 .9 1 .1v-14.2c0-.7-.9.1-.9.1l-5 4"/><path d="m27.3 29.7c2.6-2.2 4.1-5.4 4.1-8.7s-1.5-6.6-4.1-8.7c-.3-.3-.9-.3-1.1.1-.2.1-.2.3-.2.5 0 .2.1.5.3.6 2.2 1.9 3.5 4.6 3.5 7.5 0 2.9-1.3 5.6-3.5 7.5-.2.2-.3.4-.3.6 0 .2.1.4.2.5.2.4.8.4 1.1.1"/><path d="m28.1 21c0-2.4-1.1-4.7-2.9-6.2-.3-.3-.9-.2-1.2.1-.1.2-.2.3-.2.5 0 .2.1.5.3.6 1.5 1.2 2.3 3.1 2.3 5 0 1.9-.9 3.7-2.3 5-.2.2-.3.4-.3.6 0 .2.1.4.2.5.3.3.8.4 1.2.1 1.9-1.5 2.9-3.8 2.9-6.2"/><path d="m24.8 21c0-1.4-.6-2.8-1.8-3.7-.3-.3-.9-.2-1.2.1-.1.2-.2.3-.2.5 0 .2.1.5.3.6.7.6 1.2 1.5 1.2 2.5 0 1-.4 1.9-1.2 2.5-.2.2-.3.4-.3.6 0 .2.1.4.2.5.3.3.8.4 1.2.1 1.2-.9 1.8-2.3 1.8-3.7"/></g></svg></a></div><audio id="3406632f-444e-4db7-883d-419eb7e185ef" preload="none" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111223604im_/https://lex-audio.useremarkable.com/mp3/realo_gb_1.mp3"></audio></strong><p class="word_type phonetic_spelling">/ ˈriːələʊ /</p><p class="word_type pos">noun</p></div></div><div class="cta"><a id="3406632f-444e-4db7-883d-419eb7e185ef" href="/web/20201111223604/https://www.lexico.com/definition/realo" data-behaviour="ga-event-wotd" data-value="Word">See definitions & examples</a></div></div></section></div><div class="news layout"><section><a href="/web/20201111223604/https://www.lexico.com/explore/foreign-words-and-phrases" data-behaviour="ga-event" data-value="Sidebar - story 1"><div class="box-img" data-ratiox="2.35" data-ratioy="1"><img alt="Foreign words and phrases now used in english min" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111223604/https://s3.amazonaws.com/lexico.useremarkable.com/production/images/uploads/7310/medium/foreign-words-and-phrases-now-used-in-english-min.jpg" class="lazy" src="data:image/png;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs="/></div><article><span class="article-title">These Foreign Words And Phrases Are Now Used In English</span></article></a></section><section><a href="/web/20201111223604/https://www.lexico.com/explore/does-english-have-most-words" data-behaviour="ga-event" data-value="Sidebar - story 2"><div class="box-img" data-ratiox="2.35" data-ratioy="1"><img alt="Language questions min" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111223604/https://s3.amazonaws.com/lexico.useremarkable.com/production/images/uploads/7321/medium/language-questions-min.jpg" class="lazy" src="data:image/png;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs="/></div><article><span class="article-title">Does English Have More Words Than Any Other Language?</span></article></a></section></div><div class="quiz-panel-odo"><div class="quiz-panel" id="quiz_87"><div class="quizTitle">'Bare' or 'Bear'?</div><form class="simple_form new_quiz_response" id="new_quiz_response" action="/web/20201111223604/https://www.lexico.com/quiz_responses" accept-charset="UTF-8" data-remote="true" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓"/><input type="hidden" name="quiz_id" id="quiz_id" value="87"/><div class="questions"><div class="question first current"><p class="question-text">Which of the following is correct?</p><ul class="options"><li class="radio question_option" data-behaviour="ga-event-quiz" data-value="clicks"><input type="radio" name="quiz_option_id" id="quiz_option_id_5412" value="5412"/><label class="option_text" for="quiz_option_id_5412">he bore a deep grudge</label></li><li class="radio question_option" data-behaviour="ga-event-quiz" data-value="clicks"><input type="radio" name="quiz_option_id" id="quiz_option_id_5413" value="5413"/><label class="option_text" for="quiz_option_id_5413">he bared a deep grudge</label></li></ul></div><div class="question"><p class="question-text">Which of the following is correct?</p><ul class="options"><li class="radio question_option" data-behaviour="ga-event-quiz" data-value="clicks"><input type="radio" name="quiz_option_id" id="quiz_option_id_5386" value="5386"/><label class="option_text" for="quiz_option_id_5386">she bore no resemblance to her sister</label></li><li class="radio question_option" data-behaviour="ga-event-quiz" data-value="clicks"><input type="radio" name="quiz_option_id" id="quiz_option_id_5387" value="5387"/><label class="option_text" for="quiz_option_id_5387">she bared no resemblance to her sister</label></li></ul></div><div class="question"><p class="question-text">Which of the following is correct?</p><ul class="options"><li class="radio question_option" data-behaviour="ga-event-quiz" data-value="clicks"><input type="radio" name="quiz_option_id" id="quiz_option_id_5373" value="5373"/><label class="option_text" for="quiz_option_id_5373">he bares the brunt of blame</label></li><li class="radio question_option" data-behaviour="ga-event-quiz" data-value="clicks"><input type="radio" name="quiz_option_id" id="quiz_option_id_5372" value="5372"/><label class="option_text" for="quiz_option_id_5372">he bears the brunt of blame</label></li></ul></div><div class="question"><p class="question-text">Which of the following is correct?</p><ul class="options"><li class="radio question_option" data-behaviour="ga-event-quiz" data-value="clicks"><input type="radio" name="quiz_option_id" id="quiz_option_id_5376" value="5376"/><label class="option_text" for="quiz_option_id_5376">the orchards bear more fruit</label></li><li class="radio question_option" data-behaviour="ga-event-quiz" data-value="clicks"><input type="radio" name="quiz_option_id" id="quiz_option_id_5377" value="5377"/><label class="option_text" for="quiz_option_id_5377">the orchards bare more fruit</label></li></ul></div><div class="question"><p class="question-text">Which of the following is correct?</p><ul class="options"><li class="radio question_option" data-behaviour="ga-event-quiz" data-value="clicks"><input type="radio" name="quiz_option_id" id="quiz_option_id_5384" value="5384"/><label class="option_text" for="quiz_option_id_5384">bare-chested young men</label></li><li class="radio question_option" data-behaviour="ga-event-quiz" data-value="clicks"><input type="radio" name="quiz_option_id" id="quiz_option_id_5385" value="5385"/><label class="option_text" for="quiz_option_id_5385">bear-chested young men</label></li></ul></div><div class="question"><p class="question-text">Which of the following is correct?</p><ul class="options"><li class="radio question_option" data-behaviour="ga-event-quiz" data-value="clicks"><input type="radio" name="quiz_option_id" id="quiz_option_id_5367" value="5367"/><label class="option_text" for="quiz_option_id_5367">the right to bare arms</label></li><li class="radio question_option" data-behaviour="ga-event-quiz" data-value="clicks"><input type="radio" name="quiz_option_id" id="quiz_option_id_5366" value="5366"/><label class="option_text" for="quiz_option_id_5366">the right to bear arms</label></li></ul></div><div class="question"><p class="question-text">Which of the following is correct?</p><ul class="options"><li class="radio question_option" data-behaviour="ga-event-quiz" data-value="clicks"><input type="radio" name="quiz_option_id" id="quiz_option_id_5360" value="5360"/><label class="option_text" for="quiz_option_id_5360">she bares her creative soul</label></li><li class="radio question_option" data-behaviour="ga-event-quiz" data-value="clicks"><input type="radio" name="quiz_option_id" id="quiz_option_id_5361" value="5361"/><label class="option_text" for="quiz_option_id_5361">she bears her creative soul</label></li></ul></div><div class="question"><p class="question-text">Which of the following is correct?</p><ul class="options"><li class="radio question_option" data-behaviour="ga-event-quiz" data-value="clicks"><input type="radio" name="quiz_option_id" id="quiz_option_id_5402" value="5402"/><label class="option_text" for="quiz_option_id_5402">it bears the brunt of the weight</label></li><li class="radio question_option" data-behaviour="ga-event-quiz" data-value="clicks"><input type="radio" name="quiz_option_id" id="quiz_option_id_5403" value="5403"/><label class="option_text" for="quiz_option_id_5403">it bares the brunt of the weight</label></li></ul></div><div class="question"><p class="question-text">Which of the following is correct?</p><ul class="options"><li class="radio question_option" data-behaviour="ga-event-quiz" data-value="clicks"><input type="radio" name="quiz_option_id" id="quiz_option_id_5369" value="5369"/><label class="option_text" for="quiz_option_id_5369">it bares up well under strain</label></li><li class="radio question_option" data-behaviour="ga-event-quiz" data-value="clicks"><input type="radio" name="quiz_option_id" id="quiz_option_id_5368" value="5368"/><label class="option_text" for="quiz_option_id_5368">it bears up well under strain</label></li></ul></div><div class="question"><p class="question-text">Which of the following is correct?</p><ul class="options"><li class="radio question_option" data-behaviour="ga-event-quiz" data-value="clicks"><input type="radio" name="quiz_option_id" id="quiz_option_id_5418" value="5418"/><label class="option_text" for="quiz_option_id_5418">the werewolf bared its fangs</label></li><li class="radio question_option" data-behaviour="ga-event-quiz" data-value="clicks"><input type="radio" name="quiz_option_id" id="quiz_option_id_5419" value="5419"/><label class="option_text" for="quiz_option_id_5419">the werewolf bore its fangs</label></li></ul></div><div class="question last"><h3 class="score-message">You scored <span class="final-score"></span>/10 practise 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