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gases</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: flue gases"> <meta name="keywords" content="flue gases"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="flue gases"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 714</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: flue gases</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">714</span> Temperature Effects on CO₂ Intake of MIL-101 and ZIF-301</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ba-Shammakh">M. Ba-Shammakh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising materials for CO₂ capture and they have high adsorption capacity towards CO₂. In this study, two different metal organic frameworks (i.e. MIL-101 and ZIF-301) were tested for different flue gases that have different CO₂ fractions. In addition, the effect of temperature was investigated for MIL-101 and ZIF-301. The results show that MIL-101 performs well for pure CO₂ stream while its intake decreases dramatically for other flue gases that have variable CO₂ fraction ranging from 5 to 15 %. The second material (ZIF-301) showed a better result in all flue gases and higher CO₂ intake compared to MIL-101 even at high temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO%E2%82%82%20capture" title="CO₂ capture">CO₂ capture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Metal%20Organic%20Frameworks%20%28MOFs%29" title=" Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs)"> Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MIL-101" title=" MIL-101"> MIL-101</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZIF-301" title=" ZIF-301"> ZIF-301</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73035/temperature-effects-on-co2-intake-of-mil-101-and-zif-301" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73035.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">713</span> Characterization of Fresh, Charcoal Flue Gas Treated and Boiled Beef Samples Using FTIR For Consumption Safety</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Catherine%20W.%20Njeru">Catherine W. Njeru</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clarence%20Murithi%20W."> Clarence Murithi W.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isaac%20W.%20%20Mwangi"> Isaac W. Mwangi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruth%20Wanjau"> Ruth Wanjau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grace%20N.%20Kiriro"> Grace N. Kiriro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gerald%20W.%20Mbugua"> Gerald W. Mbugua</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Flesh from animals is one of the most nutritious food materials that is rich in Vitamin B12, B3 (Niacin), B6, iron, zinc, selenium, and plenty of other vitamins and minerals and a high content of fats Meat consumption projection indicates an increase from 5.5 to 13.3 million tons by 2025 and this demand has been associated with livestock revolution. This study used charcoal flue gases sourced from the combustion of charcoal briquettes to prolong beef shelf life. The FT-IR technique is based on the specific absorption of infrared radiation by carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide molecules. The characterization of the functional groups was done using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (Shimadzu IR Tracer-100). The fresh, treated and boiled beef was ground with potassium bromide (KBr) into pellets and analyzed using FT-IR at a range of 400-3600 cm-1. The reaction of fresh, charcoal flue gas treated and boiled beef samples are as shown in the FT-IR spectrums. The fresh and boiled beef spectrums are similar, while the charcoal flue-treated beef samples show distinct peaks at 2100 and 2290 cm-1, which correspond to carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, respectively. The study proposes the use of FT-IR in the determination of beef for consumption quality studies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FT-IR" title="FT-IR">FT-IR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charcoal%20flue%20gases" title=" charcoal flue gases"> charcoal flue gases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beef" title=" beef"> beef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charcoal%20flue%20gases" title=" charcoal flue gases"> charcoal flue gases</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192426/characterization-of-fresh-charcoal-flue-gas-treated-and-boiled-beef-samples-using-ftir-for-consumption-safety" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192426.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">23</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">712</span> Flue Gas Characterisation for Conversion to Chemicals and Fuels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adesola%20O.%20Orimoloye">Adesola O. Orimoloye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edward%20Gobina"> Edward Gobina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Flue gas is the most prevalent source of carbon dioxide off-gas from numerous processes globally. Among the lion's share of this flue gas is the ever-present electric power plant, primarily fuelled by coal, and then secondly, natural gas. The carbon dioxide found in coal fired power plant off gas is among the dirtiest forms of carbon dioxide, even with many of the improvements in the plants; still this will yield sulphur and nitrogen compounds; among other rather nasty compounds and elements; all let to the atmosphere. This presentation will focus on the characterization of carbon dioxide-rich flue gas sources with a view of eventual conversion to chemicals and fuels using novel membrane reactors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flue%20gas" title="flue gas">flue gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20dioxide" title=" carbon dioxide"> carbon dioxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane" title=" membrane"> membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalyst" title=" catalyst"> catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=syngas" title=" syngas"> syngas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25313/flue-gas-characterisation-for-conversion-to-chemicals-and-fuels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25313.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">523</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">711</span> Biodiesel Fuel Properties of Mixed Culture Microalgae under Different CO₂ Concentration from Coal Fired Flue Gas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ambreen%20Aslam">Ambreen Aslam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahira%20Aziz%20Mughal"> Tahira Aziz Mughal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Skye%20R.%20Thomas-Hall"> Skye R. Thomas-Hall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peer%20M.%20Schenk"> Peer M. Schenk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biodiesel is an alternative to petroleum-derived fuel mainly composed of fatty acid from oleaginous microalgae feedstock. Microalgae produced fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) as they can store high levels of lipids without competing for food productivity. After lipid extraction and esterification, fatty acid profile from algae feedstock possessed the abundance of fatty acids with carbon chain length specifically C16 and C18. The qualitative analysis of FAME was done by cultivating mix microalgae consortia under three different CO₂ concentrations (1%, 3%, and 5.5%) from a coal fired flue gas. FAME content (280.3 µg/mL) and productivity (18.69 µg/mL/D) was higher under 1% CO₂ (flue gas) as compare to other treatments. Whereas, Mixed C. (F) supplemented with 5.5% CO₂ (50% flue gas) had higher SFA (36.28%) and UFA (63.72%) which improve the oxidative stability of biodiesel. Subsequently, low Iodine value (136.3 gI₂/100g) and higher Cetane number (52) of Mixed C.+P (F) were found to be in accordance with European (EN 14214) standard under 5.5% CO₂ along with 50mM phosphate buffer. Experimental results revealed that sufficient phosphate reduced FAME productivity but significantly enhance biodiesel quality. This research aimed to develop an integrated approach of utilizing flue gas (as CO₂ source) for significant improvement in biodiesel quality under surplus phosphorus. CO₂ sequestration from industrial flue gas not only reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions but also ensure sustainability and eco-friendliness of the biodiesel production process through microalgae. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiesel%20analysis" title="biodiesel analysis">biodiesel analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20dioxide" title=" carbon dioxide"> carbon dioxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coal%20fired%20flue%20gas" title=" coal fired flue gas"> coal fired flue gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FAME%20productivity" title=" FAME productivity"> FAME productivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatty%20acid%20profile" title=" fatty acid profile"> fatty acid profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20properties" title=" fuel properties"> fuel properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid%20content" title=" lipid content"> lipid content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20culture%20microalgae" title=" mixed culture microalgae"> mixed culture microalgae</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67538/biodiesel-fuel-properties-of-mixed-culture-microalgae-under-different-co2-concentration-from-coal-fired-flue-gas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67538.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">710</span> Characterization of Carbon Dioxide-Rich Flue Gas Sources for Conversion to Chemicals and Fuels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adesola%20Orimoloye">Adesola Orimoloye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edward%20Gobina"> Edward Gobina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Flue gas is the most prevalent source of carbon dioxide off-gas from numerous processes globally. Among the lion's share of this flue gas is the ever - present electric power plant, primarily fuelled by coal, and then secondly, natural gas. The carbon dioxide found in coal fired power plant off gas is among the dirtiest forms of carbon dioxide, even with many of the improvements in the plants; still this will yield sulphur and nitrogen compounds; among other rather nasty compounds and elements; all let to the atmosphere. This presentation will focus on the characterization of carbon dioxide-rich flue gas sources with a view of eventual conversion to chemicals and fuels using novel membrane reactors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Flue%20gas" title="Flue gas">Flue gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20dioxide" title=" carbon dioxide"> carbon dioxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane" title=" membrane"> membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalyst" title=" catalyst"> catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=syngas" title=" syngas"> syngas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24936/characterization-of-carbon-dioxide-rich-flue-gas-sources-for-conversion-to-chemicals-and-fuels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24936.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">674</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">709</span> Energy and Economic Analysis of Heat Recovery from Boiler Exhaust Flue Gas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kemal%20Comakli">Kemal Comakli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meryem%20Terhan"> Meryem Terhan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the potential of heat recovery from waste flue gas was examined in 60 MW district heating system of a university, and fuel saving was aimed by using the recovered heat in the system as a source again. Various scenarios are intended to make use of waste heat. For this purpose, actual operation data of the system were taken. Besides, the heat recovery units that consist of heat exchangers such as flue gas condensers, economizers or air pre-heaters were designed theoretically for each scenario. Energy analysis of natural gas-fired boiler’s exhaust flue gas in the system, and economic analysis of heat recovery units to predict payback periods were done. According to calculation results, the waste heat loss ratio from boiler flue gas in the system was obtained as average 16%. Thanks to the heat recovery units, thermal efficiency of the system can be increased, and fuel saving can be provided. At the same time, a huge amount of green gas emission can be decreased by installing the heat recovery units. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20recovery%20from%20flue%20gas" title="heat recovery from flue gas">heat recovery from flue gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20analysis%20of%20flue%20gas" title=" energy analysis of flue gas"> energy analysis of flue gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economical%20analysis" title=" economical analysis"> economical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=payback%20period" title=" payback period"> payback period</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45052/energy-and-economic-analysis-of-heat-recovery-from-boiler-exhaust-flue-gas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45052.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">708</span> Experimental Investigation of Absorbent Regeneration Techniques to Lower the Cost of Combined CO₂ and SO₂ Capture Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bharti%20Garg">Bharti Garg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashleigh%20Cousins"> Ashleigh Cousins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pauline%20Pearson"> Pauline Pearson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vincent%20Verheyen"> Vincent Verheyen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20Feron"> Paul Feron</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The presence of SO₂ in power plant flue gases makes flue gas desulfurization (FGD) an essential requirement prior to post combustion CO₂ (PCC) removal facilities. Although most of the power plants worldwide deploy FGD in order to comply with environmental regulations, generally the achieved SO₂ levels are not sufficiently low for the flue gases to enter the PCC unit. The SO₂ level in the flue gases needs to be less than 10 ppm to effectively operate the PCC installation. The existing FGD units alone cannot bring down the SO₂ levels to or below 10 ppm as required for CO₂ capture. It might require an additional scrubber along with the existing FGD unit to bring the SO₂ to the desired levels. The absence of FGD units in Australian power plants brings an additional challenge. SO₂ concentrations in Australian power station flue gas emissions are in the range of 100-600 ppm. This imposes a serious barrier on the implementation of standard PCC technologies in Australia. CSIRO’s developed CS-Cap process is a unique solution to capture SO₂ and CO₂ in a single column with single absorbent which can potentially bring cost-effectiveness to the commercial deployment of carbon capture in Australia, by removing the need for FGD. Estimated savings of removing SO₂ through a similar process as CS-Cap is around 200 MMUSD for a 500 MW Australian power plant. Pilot plant trials conducted to generate the proof of concept resulted in 100% removal of SO₂ from flue gas without utilising standard limestone-based FGD. In this work, removal of absorbed sulfur from aqueous amine absorbents generated in the pilot plant trials has been investigated by reactive crystallisation and thermal reclamation. More than 95% of the aqueous amines can be reclaimed back from the sulfur loaded absorbent via reactive crystallisation. However, the recovery of amines through thermal reclamation is limited and depends on the sulfur loading on the spent absorbent. The initial experimental work revealed that reactive crystallisation is a better fit for CS-Cap’s sulfur-rich absorbent especially when it is also capable of generating K₂SO₄ crystals of highly saleable quality ~ 99%. Initial cost estimation carried on both the technologies resulted in almost similar capital expenditure; however, the operating cost is considerably higher in thermal reclaimer than that in crystalliser. The experimental data generated in the laboratory from both the regeneration techniques have been used to generate the simulation model in Aspen Plus. The simulation model illustrates the economic benefits which could be gained by removing flue gas desulfurization prior to standard PCC unit and replacing it with a CS-Cap absorber column co-capturing CO₂ and SO₂, and it's absorbent regeneration system which would be either reactive crystallisation or thermal reclamation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combined%20capture" title="combined capture">combined capture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20analysis" title=" cost analysis"> cost analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystallisation" title=" crystallisation"> crystallisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CS-Cap" title=" CS-Cap"> CS-Cap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flue%20gas%20desulfurisation" title=" flue gas desulfurisation"> flue gas desulfurisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regeneration" title=" regeneration"> regeneration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sulfur" title=" sulfur"> sulfur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20reclamation" title=" thermal reclamation "> thermal reclamation </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100335/experimental-investigation-of-absorbent-regeneration-techniques-to-lower-the-cost-of-combined-co2-and-so2-capture-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100335.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">707</span> The Effect of Flue Gas Condensation on the Exergy Efficiency and Economic Performance of a Waste-To-Energy Plant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francis%20Chinweuba%20Eboh">Francis Chinweuba Eboh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobias%20Richards"> Tobias Richards</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, a waste-to-energy combined heat and power plant under construction was modelled and simulated with the Aspen Plus software. The base case process plant was evaluated and compared when integrated with flue gas condensation (FGC) in order to find out the impact of the exergy efficiency and economic feasibility as well as the effect of overall system exergy losses and revenue generated in the investigated plant. The economic evaluations were carried out using the vendor cost data from Aspen process economic analyser. The results indicate that 4 % increase in the exergy efficiency and 29 % reduction in the exergy loss in the flue gas were obtained when the flue gas condensation was incorporated. Furthermore, with the integrated FGC, the net present values (NPV) and income generated in the base process plant were increased by 29 % and 10 % respectively after 20 years of operation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20feasibility" title="economic feasibility">economic feasibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exergy%20efficiency" title=" exergy efficiency"> exergy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exergy%20losses" title=" exergy losses"> exergy losses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flue%20gas%20condensation" title=" flue gas condensation"> flue gas condensation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste-to-energy" title=" waste-to-energy"> waste-to-energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108189/the-effect-of-flue-gas-condensation-on-the-exergy-efficiency-and-economic-performance-of-a-waste-to-energy-plant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108189.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">190</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">706</span> Thermodynamic Cycle Using Cyclopentane for Waste Heat Recovery Power Generation from Clinker Cooler Exhaust Flue Gas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vijayakumar%20Kunche">Vijayakumar Kunche</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Waste heat recovery from Pre Heater exhaust gases and Clinker cooler vent gases is now common place in Cement Industry. Most common practice is to use Steam Rankine cycle for heat to power conversion. In this process, waste heat from the flue gas is recovered through a Heat Recovery steam generator where steam is generated and fed to a conventional Steam turbine generator. However steam Rankine cycle tends to have lesser efficiency for smaller power plants with less than 5MW capacity and where the steam temperature at the inlet of the turbine is less than 350 deg C. further a steam Rankine cycle needs treated water and maintenance intensive. These problems can be overcome by using Thermodynamic cycle using Cyclopentane vapour in place of steam. This innovative cycle is best suited for Heat recovery in cement plants and results in best possible heat to power conversion efficiency. This paper discusses about Heat Recovery Power generation using innovative thermal cycle which uses Cyclopentane vapour in place of water- steam. And how this technology has been adopted for a Clinker cooler hot gas from mid-tap. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clinker%20cooler" title="clinker cooler">clinker cooler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency"> energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20rankine%20cycle" title=" organic rankine cycle"> organic rankine cycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20heat%20recovery" title=" waste heat recovery"> waste heat recovery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86064/thermodynamic-cycle-using-cyclopentane-for-waste-heat-recovery-power-generation-from-clinker-cooler-exhaust-flue-gas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86064.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">236</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">705</span> Tests and Comparison of Two Mobile Industrial Analytical Systems for Mercury Speciation in Flue Gas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karel%20Borovec">Karel Borovec</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jerzy%20Gorecki"> Jerzy Gorecki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tadeas%20Ochodek"> Tadeas Ochodek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Combustion of solid fuels is one of the main sources of mercury in the environment. To reduce the amount of mercury emitted to the atmosphere, it is necessary to modify or optimize old purification technologies or introduce the new ones. Effective reduction of mercury level in the flue gas requires the use of speciation systems for mercury form determination. This paper describes tests and provides comparison of two industrial portable and continuous systems for mercury speciation in the flue gas: Durag HM-1400 TRX with a speciation module and the Portable Continuous Mercury Speciation System based on the SGM-8 mercury speciation set, made by Nippon Instruments Corporation. Additionally, the paper describes a few analytical problems that were encountered during a two-year period of using the systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=continuous%20measurement" title="continuous measurement">continuous measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flue%20gas" title=" flue gas"> flue gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercury%20determination" title=" mercury determination"> mercury determination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speciation" title=" speciation"> speciation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78204/tests-and-comparison-of-two-mobile-industrial-analytical-systems-for-mercury-speciation-in-flue-gas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78204.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">704</span> Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization Using a New O-Element Design Which Replaces the Venturi Scrubber</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Lestinsky">P. Lestinsky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Jecha"> D. Jecha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Brummer"> V. Brummer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Stehlik"> P. Stehlik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Scrubbing by a liquid spraying is one of the most effective processes used for removal of fine particles and soluble gas pollutants (such as SO2, HCl, HF) from the flue gas. There are many configurations of scrubbers designed to provide contact between the liquid and gas stream for effectively capturing particles or soluble gas pollutants, such as spray plates, packed bed towers, jet scrubbers, cyclones, vortex and venturi scrubbers. The primary function of venturi scrubber is the capture of fine particles as well as HCl, HF or SO2 removal with effect of the flue gas temperature decrease before input to the absorption column. In this paper, sulfur dioxide (SO2) from flue gas was captured using new design replacing venturi scrubber (1st degree of wet scrubbing). The flue gas was prepared by the combustion of the carbon disulfide solution in toluene (1:1 vol.) in the flame in the reactor. Such prepared flue gas with temperature around 150 °C was processed in designed laboratory O-element scrubber. Water was used as absorbent liquid. The efficiency of SO2 removal, pressure drop and temperature drop were measured on our experimental device. The dependence of these variables on liquid-gas ratio was observed. The average temperature drop was in the range from 150 °C to 40 °C. The pressure drop was increased with increasing of a liquid-gas ratio, but not as much as for the common venturi scrubber designs. The efficiency of SO2 removal was up to 70 %. The pressure drop of our new designed wet scrubber is similar to commonly used venturi scrubbers; nevertheless the influence of amount of the liquid on pressure drop is not so significant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=desulphurization" title="desulphurization">desulphurization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absorption" title=" absorption"> absorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flue%20gas" title=" flue gas"> flue gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling"> modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22035/wet-flue-gas-desulfurization-using-a-new-o-element-design-which-replaces-the-venturi-scrubber" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22035.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">399</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">703</span> Non-Centrifugal Cane Sugar Production: Heat Transfer Study to Optimize the Use of Energy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fabian%20Velasquez">Fabian Velasquez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Espitia"> John Espitia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Henry%20Hernadez"> Henry Hernadez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sebastian%20Escobar"> Sebastian Escobar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jader%20Rodriguez"> Jader Rodriguez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Non-centrifuged cane sugar (NCS) is a concentrated product obtained through the evaporation of water contain from sugarcane juice inopen heat exchangers (OE). The heat supplied to the evaporation stages is obtained from the cane bagasse through the thermochemical process of combustion, where the thermal energy released is transferred to OE by the flue gas. Therefore, the optimization of energy usage becomes essential for the proper design of the production process. For optimize the energy use, it is necessary modeling and simulation of heat transfer between the combustion gases and the juice and to understand the major mechanisms involved in the heat transfer. The main objective of this work was simulated heat transfer phenomena between the flue gas and open heat exchangers using Computational Fluid Dynamics model (CFD). The simulation results were compared to field measured data. Numerical results about temperature profile along the flue gas pipeline at the measurement points are in good accordance with field measurements. Thus, this study could be of special interest in design NCS production process and the optimization of the use of energy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20modeling" title="mathematical modeling">mathematical modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20variables" title=" design variables"> design variables</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title=" computational fluid dynamics"> computational fluid dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overall%20thermal%20efficiency" title=" overall thermal efficiency"> overall thermal efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146794/non-centrifugal-cane-sugar-production-heat-transfer-study-to-optimize-the-use-of-energy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146794.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">702</span> Dissolution of South African Limestone for Wet Flue Gas Desulphurization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lawrence%20Koech">Lawrence Koech</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ray%20Everson"> Ray Everson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hein%20Neomagus"> Hein Neomagus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hilary%20Rutto"> Hilary Rutto </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wet Flue gas desulphurization (FGD) systems are commonly used to remove sulphur dioxide from flue gas by contacting it with limestone in aqueous phase which is obtained by dissolution. Dissolution is important as it affects the overall performance of a wet FGD system. In the present study, effects of pH, stirring speed, solid to liquid ratio and acid concentration on the dissolution of limestone using an organic acid (adipic acid) were investigated. This was investigated using the pH stat apparatus. Calcium ions were analyzed at the end of each experiment using Atomic Absorption (AAS) machine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=desulphurization" title="desulphurization">desulphurization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limestone" title=" limestone"> limestone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dissolution" title=" dissolution"> dissolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pH%20stat%20apparatus" title=" pH stat apparatus"> pH stat apparatus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18656/dissolution-of-south-african-limestone-for-wet-flue-gas-desulphurization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18656.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">461</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">701</span> CO₂ Absorption Studies Using Amine Solvents with Fourier Transform Infrared Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Avoseh%20Funmilola">Avoseh Funmilola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osman%20Khalid"> Osman Khalid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wayne%20Nelson"> Wayne Nelson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paramespri%20Naidoo"> Paramespri Naidoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deresh%20Ramjugernath"> Deresh Ramjugernath</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increasing global atmospheric temperature is of great concern and this has led to the development of technologies to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Flue gas emissions from fossil fuel combustion are major sources of greenhouse gases. One of the ways to reduce the emission of CO₂ from flue gases is by post combustion capture process and this can be done by absorbing the gas into suitable chemical solvents before emitting the gas into the atmosphere. Alkanolamines are promising solvents for this capture process. Vapour liquid equilibrium of CO₂-alkanolamine systems is often represented by CO₂ loading and partial pressure of CO₂ without considering the liquid phase. The liquid phase of this system is a complex one comprising of 9 species. Online analysis of the process is important to monitor the concentrations of the liquid phase reacting and product species. Liquid phase analysis of CO₂-diethanolamine (DEA) solution was performed by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. A robust Calibration was performed for the CO₂-aqueous DEA system prior to an online monitoring experiment. The partial least square regression method was used for the analysis of the calibration spectra obtained. The models obtained were used for prediction of DEA and CO₂ concentrations in the online monitoring experiment. The experiment was performed with a newly built recirculating experimental set up in the laboratory. The set up consist of a 750 ml equilibrium cell and ATR-FTIR liquid flow cell. Measurements were performed at 400°C. The results obtained indicated that the FTIR spectroscopy combined with Partial least square method is an effective tool for online monitoring of speciation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ATR-FTIR" title="ATR-FTIR">ATR-FTIR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO%E2%82%82%20capture" title=" CO₂ capture"> CO₂ capture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20analysis" title=" online analysis"> online analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PLS%20regression" title=" PLS regression"> PLS regression</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83063/co2-absorption-studies-using-amine-solvents-with-fourier-transform-infrared-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83063.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">197</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">700</span> Polygeneration Solar Air Drying </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Binoy%20Chandra%20Sarma">Binoy Chandra Sarma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20K.%20Deb"> S. K. Deb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over 85% of industrial dryers are of the convective type with hot air or direct flue gases as the drying medium. Over 99% of the applications involve removal of water. In this study, the performance of a solar air heater with the recovery of the absorbed heat by the metallic concentrator sheet itself besides the normal heat accumulated by the receiver at the focus of the concentrator for generating drying air by convection at a low to medium temperature range is discussed. The system performance through thermal analysis & the performance of a model achieving the required temperature range is also investigate in this study. Over 85% of industrial dryers are of the convective type with hot air or direct flue gases as the drying medium. Over 99% of the applications involve removal of water. In this study, the performance of a solar air heater with the recovery of the absorbed heat by the metallic concentrator sheet itself besides the normal heat accumulated by the receiver at the focus of the concentrator for generating drying air by convection at a low to medium temperature range is discussed. The system performance through thermal analysis & the performance of a model achieving the required temperature range is also investigate in this study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dryer" title="dryer">dryer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polygeneration" title=" polygeneration"> polygeneration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture" title=" moisture"> moisture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equilibrium" title=" equilibrium"> equilibrium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=humidity" title=" humidity"> humidity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21607/polygeneration-solar-air-drying" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21607.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">396</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">699</span> Growth Performance Of fresh Water Microalgae Chlorella sp. Exposed to Carbon Dioxide </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Titin%20Handayani">Titin Handayani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adi%20Mulyanto"> Adi Mulyanto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fajar%20Eko%20Priyanto"> Fajar Eko Priyanto </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is generally recognized, that algae could be an interesting option for reducing CO₂ emissions. Based on light and CO₂, algae can be used for the production various economically interesting products. Current algae cultivation techniques, however, still present a number of limitations. Efficient feeding of CO₂, especially on a large scale, is one of them. Current methods for CO₂ feeding to algae cultures rely on the sparging pure CO₂ or directly from flue gas. The limiting factor in this system is the solubility of CO₂ in water, which demands a considerable amount of energy for an effective gas to liquid transfer and leads to losses to the atmosphere. Due to the current ineffective methods for CO₂ introduction into algae ponds very large surface areas would be required for enough ponds to capture a considerable amount of the CO₂. The purpose of this study is to assess technology to capture carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions generated by industry by utilizing of microalgae Chlorella sp. The microalgae were cultivated in a bioreactor culture pond raceway type. The result is expected to be useful in mitigating the effects of greenhouse gases in reducing the CO₂ emissions. The research activities include: (1) Characterization of boiler flue gas, (2) Operation of culture pond, (3) Sampling and sample analysis. The results of this study showed that the initial assessment absorption of the flue gas by microalgae using 1000 L raceway pond completed by heat exchanger were quite promising. The transfer of CO₂ into the pond culture system was run well. This identified from the success of cooling the boiler flue gas from the temperature of about 200 °C to below ambient temperature. Except for the temperature, the gas bubbles into the culture media were quite fine. Therefore, the contact between the gas and the media was well performed. The efficiency of CO₂ absorption by Chlorella sp reached 6.68 % with an average CO₂ loading of 0.29 g/L/day. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chlorella%20sp." title="Chlorella sp.">Chlorella sp.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO2%20emission" title=" CO2 emission"> CO2 emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20exchange" title=" heat exchange"> heat exchange</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgae" title=" microalgae"> microalgae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=milk%20industry" title=" milk industry"> milk industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=raceway%20pond" title=" raceway pond"> raceway pond</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72241/growth-performance-of-fresh-water-microalgae-chlorella-sp-exposed-to-carbon-dioxide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72241.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">217</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">698</span> Polymer Spiral Film Gas-Liquid Heat Exchanger for Waste Heat Recovery in Exhaust Gases</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20R.%20Parthiban">S. R. Parthiban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Elajchet%20Senni"> C. Elajchet Senni </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Spiral heat exchangers are known as excellent heat exchanger because of far compact and high heat transfer efficiency. An innovative spiral heat exchanger based on polymer materials is designed for waste heat recovery process. Such a design based on polymer film technology provides better corrosion and chemical resistance compared to conventional metal heat exchangers. Due to the smooth surface of polymer film fouling is reduced. A new arrangement for flow of hot flue gas and cold fluid is employed for design, flue gas flows in axial path while the cold fluid flows in a spiral path. Heat load recovery achieved with the presented heat exchanger is in the range of 1.5 kW thermic but potential heat recovery about 3.5kW might be achievable. To measure the performance of the spiral tube heat exchanger, its model is suitably designed and fabricated so as to perform experimental tests. The paper gives analysis of spiral tube heat exchanger. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spiral%20heat%20exchanger" title="spiral heat exchanger">spiral heat exchanger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer%20based%20materials" title=" polymer based materials"> polymer based materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fouling%20factor" title=" fouling factor"> fouling factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20load" title=" heat load"> heat load</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26811/polymer-spiral-film-gas-liquid-heat-exchanger-for-waste-heat-recovery-in-exhaust-gases" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26811.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">368</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">697</span> Numerical Investigation of Multiphase Flow Structure for the Flue Gas Desulfurization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheng-Jui%20Li">Cheng-Jui Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chien-Chou%20Tseng"> Chien-Chou Tseng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study adopts Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technique to build the multiphase flow numerical model where the interface between the flue gas and desulfurization liquid can be traced by Eulerian-Eulerian model. Inside the tower, the contact of the desulfurization liquid flow from the spray nozzles and flue gas flow can trigger chemical reactions to remove the sulfur dioxide from the exhaust gas. From experimental observations of the industrial scale plant, the desulfurization mechanism depends on the mixing level between the flue gas and the desulfurization liquid. In order to significantly improve the desulfurization efficiency, the mixing efficiency and the residence time can be increased by perforated sieve trays. Hence, the purpose of this research is to investigate the flow structure of sieve trays for the flue gas desulfurization by numerical simulation. In this study, there is an outlet at the top of FGD tower to discharge the clean gas and the FGD tower has a deep tank at the bottom, which is used to collect the slurry liquid. In the major desulfurization zone, the desulfurization liquid and flue gas have a complex mixing flow. Because there are four perforated plates in the major desulfurization zone, which spaced 0.4m from each other, and the spray array is placed above the top sieve tray, which includes 33 nozzles. Each nozzle injects desulfurization liquid that consists of the Mg(OH)2 solution. On each sieve tray, the outside diameter, the hole diameter, and the porosity are 0.6m, 20 mm and 34.3%. The flue gas flows into the FGD tower from the space between the major desulfurization zone and the deep tank can finally become clean. The desulfurization liquid and the liquid slurry goes to the bottom tank and is discharged as waste. When the desulfurization solution flow impacts the sieve tray, the downward momentum will be converted to the upper surface of the sieve tray. As a result, a thin liquid layer can be developed above the sieve tray, which is the so-called the slurry layer. And the volume fraction value within the slurry layer is around 0.3~0.7. Therefore, the liquid phase can't be considered as a discrete phase under the Eulerian-Lagrangian framework. Besides, there is a liquid column through the sieve trays. The downward liquid column becomes narrow as it interacts with the upward gas flow. After the flue gas flows into the major desulfurization zone, the flow direction of the flue gas is upward (+y) in the tube between the liquid column and the solid boundary of the FGD tower. As a result, the flue gas near the liquid column may be rolled down to slurry layer, which developed a vortex or a circulation zone between any two sieve trays. The vortex structure between two sieve trays results in a sufficient large two-phase contact area. It also increases the number of times that the flue gas interacts with the desulfurization liquid. On the other hand, the sieve trays improve the two-phase mixing, which may improve the SO2 removal efficiency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Computational%20Fluid%20Dynamics%20%28CFD%29" title="Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)">Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eulerian-Eulerian%20Model" title=" Eulerian-Eulerian Model"> Eulerian-Eulerian Model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Flue%20Gas%20Desulfurization%20%28FGD%29" title=" Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD)"> Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perforated%20sieve%20tray" title=" perforated sieve tray"> perforated sieve tray</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70051/numerical-investigation-of-multiphase-flow-structure-for-the-flue-gas-desulfurization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70051.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">284</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">696</span> Carbon Dioxide Removal from Off Gases in a Self-Priming Submerged Venturi Scrubber </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manisha%20Bal">Manisha Bal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amit%20Verma"> Amit Verma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20C.%20Meikap"> B. C. Meikap</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is the most abundant waste produced by human activities. It is estimated to be one of the major contributors of greenhouse effect and also considered as a major air pollutant formed by burning of fossil fuels. The main sources of emissions are flue gas from thermal power plants and process industries. It is also a contributor of acid rain. Its exposure through inhalation can lead to health risks. Therefore, control of CO₂ emission in the environment is very necessary. The main focus of this study is on the removal of carbon dioxide from off gases using a self-priming venturi scrubber in submerged conditions using sodium hydroxide as the scrubbing liquid. A self-priming submerged venturi scrubber is an efficient device to remove gaseous pollutants. In submerged condition, venturi scrubber remains submerged in the liquid tank and the liquid enters at the throat section of venturi scrubber due to the pressure difference which includes the hydrostatic pressure of the liquid and static pressure of the gas. The inlet polluted air stream enters through converging section which moves at very high velocity in the throat section and atomizes the liquid droplets. This leads to absorption of CO₂ from the off gases in scrubbing liquid which resulted in removal of CO₂ gas from the off gases. Detailed investigation on the scrubbing of carbon dioxide has been done in this literature. Experiments were conducted at different throat gas velocities, liquid levels in outer cylinder and CO₂ inlet concentrations to study the carbon dioxide removal efficiency. Experimental results give more than 95% removal efficiency of CO₂ in the self priming venturi scrubber which can meet the environmental emission limit of CO₂ to save the human life. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20dioxide" title="carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scrubbing" title=" scrubbing"> scrubbing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution%20control" title=" pollution control"> pollution control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-priming%20venturi%20scrubber" title=" self-priming venturi scrubber"> self-priming venturi scrubber</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100123/carbon-dioxide-removal-from-off-gases-in-a-self-priming-submerged-venturi-scrubber" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100123.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">222</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">695</span> Multi-Layer Silica Alumina Membrane Performance for Flue Gas Separation </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ngozi%20Nwogu">Ngozi Nwogu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Kajama"> Mohammed Kajama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emmanuel%20Anyanwu"> Emmanuel Anyanwu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edward%20Gobina"> Edward Gobina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the objective to create technologically advanced materials to be scientifically applicable, multi-layer silica alumina membranes were molecularly fabricated by continuous surface coating silica layers containing hybrid material onto a ceramic porous substrate for flue gas separation applications. The multi-layer silica alumina membrane was prepared by dip coating technique before further drying in an oven at elevated temperature. The effects of substrate physical appearance, coating quantity, the cross-linking agent, a number of coatings and testing conditions on the gas separation performance of the membrane have been investigated. Scanning electron microscope was used to investigate the development of coating thickness. The membrane shows impressive perm selectivity especially for CO2 and N2 binary mixture representing a stimulated flue gas stream <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20separation" title="gas separation">gas separation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silica%20membrane" title=" silica membrane"> silica membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=separation%20factor" title=" separation factor"> separation factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane%20layer%20thickness" title=" membrane layer thickness"> membrane layer thickness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29152/multi-layer-silica-alumina-membrane-performance-for-flue-gas-separation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29152.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">415</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">694</span> Numerical Evaluation of the Flow Behavior inside the Scrubber Unit with Engine Exhaust Pipe</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kumaresh%20Selvakumar">Kumaresh Selvakumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Man%20Young%20Kim"> Man Young Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A wet scrubber is an air pollution control device that removes particulate matter and acid gases from waste gas streams found in marine engine exhaust. If the flue gases in the exhaust is employed for CFD simulation, it makes the problem complicate due to the involvement of emissions. Owing to the fact, the scrubber system in this paper is handled with appropriate approach by designing with the flow properties of hot air and water droplet injections to evaluate the flow behavior inside the system. Since the wet scrubber has the capability of operating over wide range of mixture compositions, the current scrubber model with the designing approach doesn’t deviate from the actual behavior of the system. The scrubber design is constructed with engine exhaust pipe with the purpose of measuring the flow properties inside the scrubber by the influence of exhaust pipe characteristics. The flow properties are computed by the thermodynamic variables such as temperature and pressure with the flow velocity. In this work, numerical analyses have been conducted for the flow of fluid in the scrubber system through CFD technique. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wet%20scrubber" title="wet scrubber">wet scrubber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20droplet%20injections" title=" water droplet injections"> water droplet injections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermodynamic%20variables" title=" thermodynamic variables"> thermodynamic variables</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD%20technique" title=" CFD technique"> CFD technique</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37239/numerical-evaluation-of-the-flow-behavior-inside-the-scrubber-unit-with-engine-exhaust-pipe" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37239.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">693</span> A Study on Removal of SO3 in Flue Gas Generated from Power Plant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Y.%20Jo">E. Y. Jo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20M.%20Park"> S. M. Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20S.%20Yeo"> I. S. Yeo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20K.%20Kim"> K. K. Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20J.%20Park"> S. J. Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20K.%20Kim"> Y. K. Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20D.%20Kim"> Y. D. Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20G.%20Park"> C. G. Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> SO3 is created in small quantities during the combustion of fuel that contains sulfur, with the quantity produced a function of the boiler design, fuel sulfur content, excess air level, and the presence of oxidizing agents. Typically, about 1% of the fuel sulfur will be oxidized to SO3, but it can range from 0.5% to 1.5% depending on various factors. Combustion of fuels that contain oxidizing agents, such as certain types of fuel oil or petroleum coke, can result in even higher levels of oxidation. SO3 levels in the flue gas emitted by combustion are very high, which becomes a cause of machinery corrosion or a visible blue plume. Because of that, power plants firing petroleum residues need to installation of SO3 removal system. In this study, SO3 removal system using salt solution was developed and several salts solutions were tested for obtain optimal solution for SO3 removal system. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the operation parameters such as gas-liquid ratio, concentration of salts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flue%20gas%20desulfurization" title="flue gas desulfurization">flue gas desulfurization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=petroleum%20cokes" title=" petroleum cokes"> petroleum cokes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sulfur%20trioxide" title=" Sulfur trioxide"> Sulfur trioxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SO3%20removal" title=" SO3 removal"> SO3 removal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18701/a-study-on-removal-of-so3-in-flue-gas-generated-from-power-plant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18701.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">521</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">692</span> Dissolution of Zeolite as a Sorbent in Flue Gas Desulphurization Process Using a pH Stat Apparatus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hilary%20Rutto">Hilary Rutto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Kabuba"> John Kabuba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sulphur dioxide is a harmful gaseous product that needs to be minimized in the atmosphere. This research work investigates the use of zeolite as a possible additive that can improve the sulphur dioxide capture in wet flue gas desulphurisation dissolution process. This work determines the effect of temperature, solid to liquid ratio, acid concentration and stirring speed on the leaching of zeolite using a pH stat apparatus. The atomic absorption spectrometer was used to measure the calcium ions from the solution. It was found that the dissolution rate of zeolite decreased with increase in solid to liquid ratio and increases with increase in temperature, stirring speed and acid concentration. The activation energy for the dissolution rate of zeolite in hydrochloric acid was found to be 9.29kJ/mol. and therefore the product layer diffusion was the rate limiting step. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcium%20ion" title="calcium ion">calcium ion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pH%20stat%20apparatus" title=" pH stat apparatus"> pH stat apparatus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wet%20flue%20gas%20desulphurization" title=" wet flue gas desulphurization"> wet flue gas desulphurization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zeolite" title=" zeolite"> zeolite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13102/dissolution-of-zeolite-as-a-sorbent-in-flue-gas-desulphurization-process-using-a-ph-stat-apparatus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13102.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">284</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">691</span> Algae for Wastewater Treatment and CO₂ Sequestration along with Recovery of Bio-Oil and Value Added Products</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Kiran%20Kumar">P. Kiran Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Vijaya%20Krishna"> S. Vijaya Krishna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kavita%20Verma1"> Kavita Verma1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Himabindu"> V. Himabindu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Concern about global warming and energy security has led to increased biomass utilization as an alternative feedstock to fossil fuels. Biomass is a promising feedstock since it is abundant and cheap and can be transformed into fuels and chemical products. Microalgae biofuels are likely to have a much lower impact on the environment. Microalgae cultivation using sewage with industrial flue gases is a promising concept for integrated biodiesel production, CO₂ sequestration, and nutrients recovery. Autotrophic, Mixotrophic, and Heterotrophic are the three modes of cultivation for microalgae biomass. Several mechanical and chemical processes are available for the extraction of lipids/oily components from microalgae biomass. In organic solvent extraction methods, a prior drying of biomass and recovery of the solvent is required, which are energy-intensive. Thus, the hydrothermal process overcomes the drawbacks of conventional solvent extraction methods. In the hydrothermal process, the biomass is converted into oily components by processing in a hot, pressurized water environment. In this process, in addition to the lipid fraction of microalgae, other value-added products such as proteins, carbohydrates, and nutrients can also be recovered. In the present study was (Scenedesmus quadricauda) was isolated and cultivated in autotrophic, heterotrophic, and mixotrophically using sewage wastewater and industrial flue gas in batch and continuous mode. The harvested algae biomass from S. quadricauda was used for the recovery of lipids and bio-oil. The lipids were extracted from the algal biomass using sonication as a cell disruption method followed by solvent (Hexane) extraction, and the lipid yield obtained was 8.3 wt% with Palmitic acid, Oleic acid, and Octadeonoic acid as fatty acids. The hydrothermal process was also carried out for extraction of bio-oil, and the yield obtained was 18wt%. The bio-oil compounds such as nitrogenous compounds, organic acids, and esters, phenolics, hydrocarbons, and alkanes were obtained by the hydrothermal process of algal biomass. Nutrients such as NO₃⁻ (68%) and PO₄⁻ (15%) were also recovered along with bio-oil in the hydrothermal process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flue%20gas" title="flue gas">flue gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrothermal%20process" title=" hydrothermal process"> hydrothermal process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgae" title=" microalgae"> microalgae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sewage%20wastewater" title=" sewage wastewater"> sewage wastewater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sonication" title=" sonication"> sonication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125608/algae-for-wastewater-treatment-and-co2-sequestration-along-with-recovery-of-bio-oil-and-value-added-products" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125608.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">690</span> Characterizing Nanoparticles Generated from the Different Working Type and the Stack Flue during 3D Printing Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kai-Jui%20Kou">Kai-Jui Kou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tzu-Ling%20Shen"> Tzu-Ling Shen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying-Fang%20Wang"> Ying-Fang Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objectives of the present study are to characterize nanoparticles generated from the different working type in 3D printing room and the stack flue during 3D printing process. The studied laboratory (10.5 m× 7.2 m × 3.2 m) with a ventilation rate of 500 m³/H is installed a 3D metal printing machine. Direct-reading instrument of a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS, Model 3082, TSI Inc., St. Paul, MN, USA) was used to conduct static sampling for nanoparticle number concentration and particle size distribution measurements. The SMPS obtained particle number concentration at every 3 minutes, the diameter of the SMPS ranged from 11~372 nm when the aerosol and sheath flow rates were set at 0.6 and 6 L/min, respectively. The concentrations of background, printing process, clearing operation, and screening operation were performed in the laboratory. On the other hand, we also conducted nanoparticle measurement on the 3D printing machine's stack flue to understand its emission characteristics. Results show that the nanoparticles emitted from the different operation process were the same distribution in the form of the uni-modal with number median diameter (NMD) as approximately 28.3 nm to 29.6 nm. The number concentrations of nanoparticles were 2.55×10³ count/cm³ in laboratory background, 2.19×10³ count/cm³ during printing process, 2.29×10³ count/cm³ during clearing process, 3.05×10³ count/cm³ during screening process, 2.69×10³ count/cm³ in laboratory background after printing process, and 6.75×10³ outside laboratory, respectively. We found that there are no emission nanoparticles during the printing process. However, the number concentration of stack flue nanoparticles in the ongoing print is 1.13×10⁶ count/cm³, and that of the non-printing is 1.63×10⁴ count/cm³, with a NMD of 458 nm and 29.4 nm, respectively. It can be confirmed that the measured particle size belongs to easily penetrate the filter in theory during the printing process, even though the 3D printer has a high-efficiency filtration device. Therefore, it is recommended that the stack flue of the 3D printer would be equipped with an appropriate dust collection device to prevent the operators from exposing these hazardous particles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticle" title="nanoparticle">nanoparticle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20emission" title=" particle emission"> particle emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20printing" title=" 3D printing"> 3D printing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=number%20concentration" title=" number concentration"> number concentration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96276/characterizing-nanoparticles-generated-from-the-different-working-type-and-the-stack-flue-during-3d-printing-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96276.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">689</span> Removal of Gaseous Pollutant from the Flue Gas in a Submerged Self-Priming Venturi Scrubber</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manisha%20Bal">Manisha Bal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20C.%20Meikap"> B. C. Meikap</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hydrogen chloride is the most common acid gas emitted by the industries. HCl gas is listed as Title III hazardous air pollutant. It causes severe threat to the human health as well as environment. So, removal of HCl from flue gases is very imperative. In the present study, submerged self-priming venturi scrubber is chosen to remove the HCl gas with water as a scrubbing liquid. Venturi scrubber is the most popular device for the removal of gaseous pollutants. Main mechanism behind the venturi scrubber is the polluted gas stream enters at converging section which accelerated to maximum velocity at throat section. A very interesting thing in case of submerged condition, venturi scrubber is submerged inside the liquid tank and liquid is entered at throat section because of suction created due to large pressure drop generated at the throat section. Maximized throat gas velocity atomizes the entered liquid into number of tiny droplets. Gaseous pollutant HCl is absorbed from gas to liquid droplets inside the venturi scrubber due to interaction between the gas and water. Experiments were conducted at different throat gas velocity, water level and inlet concentration of HCl to enhance the HCl removal efficiency. The effect of throat gas velocity, inlet concentration of HCl, and water level on removal efficiency of venturi scrubber has been evaluated. Present system yielded very high removal efficiency for the scrubbing of HCl gas which is more than 90%. It is also concluded that the removal efficiency of HCl increases with increasing throat gas velocity, inlet HCl concentration, and water level height. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20pollution" title="air pollution">air pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HCl%20scrubbing" title=" HCl scrubbing"> HCl scrubbing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass%20transfer" title=" mass transfer"> mass transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-priming%20venturi%20scrubber" title=" self-priming venturi scrubber"> self-priming venturi scrubber</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91400/removal-of-gaseous-pollutant-from-the-flue-gas-in-a-submerged-self-priming-venturi-scrubber" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91400.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">688</span> Application of Flue Gas Recirculation in Fluidized Bed Combustor for Energy Efficiency Enhancement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chien-Song%20Chyang">Chien-Song Chyang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For a fluidized-bed combustion system, excess air ratio (EAR) and superficial velocity are major operating parameters affecting combustion behaviors, and these 2 factors are dependent variables since both fluidizing gas and combustion-supporting agent are air. EAR will change when superficial velocity alters, so that the effect of superficial velocity and/or EAR on combustion behaviors cannot be examined under a specific condition. When stage combustion is executed, one can discuss the effect of EAR under a certain specific superficial velocity, but the flow rate of secondary air and EAR are dependent. In order to investigate the effect of excess air ratio on the combustion behavior of a fluidized combustion system, the flue gas recirculation was adapted by the author in 2007. We can maintain a fixed flow rate of primary gas or secondary gas and change excess oxygen as an independent variable by adjusting the recirculated flue gas appropriately. In another word, we can investigate the effect of excess oxygen on the combustion behavior at a certain primary gas flow, or at a certain hydrodynamics conditions. This technique can be used at a lower turndown ratio to maintain the residual oxygen in the flue gas at a certain value. All the experiments were conducted in a pilot scale fluidized bed combustor. The fluidized bed combustor can be divided into four parts, i.e., windbox, distributor, combustion chamber, and freeboard. The combustion chamber with a cross-section of 0.8 m × 0.4 m was constructed of 6 mm carbon steel lined with 150 mm refractory to reduce heat loss. Above the combustion chamber, the freeboard is 0.64 m in inner diameter. A total of 27 tuyeres with orifices of 5 and 3 mm inside diameters mounted on a 6 mm stainless-steel plate were used as the gas distributor with an open-area-ratio of 0.52%. The Primary gas and secondary gas were fixed at 3 Nm3/min and 1 Nm3/min respectively. The bed temperature was controlled by three heat transfer tubes inserted into the bubbling bed zone. The experimental data shows that bed temperature, CO and NO emissions increase with the stoichiometric oxygen of the primary gas. NO emissions decrease with the stoichiometric oxygen of the primary. Compared with part of primary air substituted with nitrogen, a lower NO emission can be obtained while flue gas recirculation applies as part of primary air. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluidized%20bed%20combustion" title="fluidized bed combustion">fluidized bed combustion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flue%20gas%20circulation" title=" flue gas circulation"> flue gas circulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NO%20emission" title=" NO emission"> NO emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycle" title=" recycle"> recycle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54914/application-of-flue-gas-recirculation-in-fluidized-bed-combustor-for-energy-efficiency-enhancement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54914.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">687</span> Comparison Study on Characterization of Various Fly Ashes for Heavy Metal Adsorption</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Moroydor%20Derun">E. Moroydor Derun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Tugrul"> N. Tugrul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Baran%20Acarali"> N. Baran Acarali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20S.%20Kipcak"> A. S. Kipcak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Piskin"> S. Piskin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fly ash is a waste material of coal firing thermal plants that is released from thermal power plants. It was defined as very fine particles that are drifted upward which are taken up by the flue gases. The emerging amount of fly ash in the world is approximately 600 million tons per year. In our country, it is expected that will be occurred 50 million tons of waste ash per year until 2020. The fly ashes can be evaluated by using as adsorbent material. The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of use of various fly ashes (Tuncbilek, Catalagzi, Orhaneli) like low-cost adsorbents for heavy metal adsorption. First of all, fly ashes were characterized. For this purpose; analyses such as XRD, XRF, SEM and FT-IR were performed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorbent" title="adsorbent">adsorbent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fly%20ash" title=" fly ash"> fly ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metal" title=" heavy metal"> heavy metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste" title=" waste"> waste</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16417/comparison-study-on-characterization-of-various-fly-ashes-for-heavy-metal-adsorption" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16417.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">259</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">686</span> Restored CO₂ from Flue Gas and Utilization by Converting to Methanol by 3 Step Processes: Steam Reforming, Reverse Water Gas Shift and Hydrogenation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rujira%20Jitrwung">Rujira Jitrwung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuntima%20Krekkeitsakul"> Kuntima Krekkeitsakul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weerawat%20Patthaveekongka"> Weerawat Patthaveekongka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chiraphat%20Kumpidet"> Chiraphat Kumpidet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jarukit%20Tepkeaw"> Jarukit Tepkeaw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krissana%20Jaikengdee"> Krissana Jaikengdee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anantachai%20Wannajampa"> Anantachai Wannajampa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Flue gas discharging from coal fired or gas combustion power plant contains around 12% Carbon dioxide (CO₂), 6% Oxygen (O₂), and 82% Nitrogen (N₂).CO₂ is a greenhouse gas which has been concerned to the global warming. Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) is a topic which is a tool to deal with this CO₂ realization. Flue gas is drawn down from the chimney and filtered, then it is compressed to build up the pressure until 8 bar. This compressed flue gas is sent to three stages Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA), which is filled with activated carbon. Experiments were showed the optimum adsorption pressure at 7bar, which CO₂ can be adsorbed step by step in 1st, 2nd, and 3rd stage, obtaining CO₂ concentration 29.8, 66.4, and 96.7 %, respectively. The mixed gas concentration from the last step is composed of 96.7% CO₂,2.7% N₂, and 0.6%O₂. This mixed CO₂product gas obtained from 3 stages PSA contained high concentration CO₂, which is ready to use for methanol synthesis. The mixed CO₂ was experimented in 5 Liter/Day of methanol synthesis reactor skid by 3 step processes as followed steam reforming, reverse water gas shift, and then hydrogenation. The result showed that proportional of mixed CO₂ and CH₄ 70/30, 50/50, 30/70 % (v/v), and 10/90 yielded methanol 2.4, 4.3, 5.6, and 6.0 Liter/day and save CO₂ 40, 30, 20, and 5 % respectively. The optimum condition resulted both methanol yield and CO₂ consumption using CO₂/CH₄ ratio 43/57 % (v/v), which yielded 4.8 Liter/day methanol and save CO₂ 27% comparing with traditional methanol production from methane steam reforming (5 Liter/day)and absent CO₂ consumption. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20capture%20utilization%20and%20storage" title="carbon capture utilization and storage">carbon capture utilization and storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20swing%20adsorption" title=" pressure swing adsorption"> pressure swing adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reforming" title=" reforming"> reforming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reverse%20water%20gas%20shift" title=" reverse water gas shift"> reverse water gas shift</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methanol" title=" methanol"> methanol</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143576/restored-co2-from-flue-gas-and-utilization-by-converting-to-methanol-by-3-step-processes-steam-reforming-reverse-water-gas-shift-and-hydrogenation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143576.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">187</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">685</span> Vapour Liquid Equilibrium Measurement of CO₂ Absorption in Aqueous 2-Aminoethylpiperazine (AEP)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anirban%20Dey">Anirban Dey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sukanta%20Kumar%20Dash"> Sukanta Kumar Dash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bishnupada%20Mandal"> Bishnupada Mandal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Carbondioxide (CO2) is a major greenhouse gas responsible for global warming and fossil fuel power plants are the main emitting sources. Therefore the capture of CO2 is essential to maintain the emission levels according to the standards. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is considered as an important option for stabilization of atmospheric greenhouse gases and minimizing global warming effects. There are three approaches towards CCS: Pre combustion capture where carbon is removed from the fuel prior to combustion, Oxy-fuel combustion, where coal is combusted with oxygen instead of air and Post combustion capture where the fossil fuel is combusted to produce energy and CO2 is removed from the flue gases left after the combustion process. Post combustion technology offers some advantage as existing combustion technologies can still be used without adopting major changes on them. A number of separation processes could be utilized part of post –combustion capture technology. These include (a) Physical absorption (b) Chemical absorption (c) Membrane separation (d) Adsorption. Chemical absorption is one of the most extensively used technologies for large scale CO2 capture systems. The industrially important solvents used are primary amines like Monoethanolamine (MEA) and Diglycolamine (DGA), secondary amines like diethanolamine (DEA) and Diisopropanolamine (DIPA) and tertiary amines like methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and Triethanolamine (TEA). Primary and secondary amines react fast and directly with CO2 to form stable carbamates while Tertiary amines do not react directly with CO2 as in aqueous solution they catalyzes the hydrolysis of CO2 to form a bicarbonate ion and a protonated amine. Concentrated Piperazine (PZ) has been proposed as a better solvent as well as activator for CO2 capture from flue gas with a 10 % energy benefit compared to conventional amines such as MEA. However, the application of concentrated PZ is limited due to its low solubility in water at low temperature and lean CO2 loading. So following the performance of PZ its derivative 2-Aminoethyl piperazine (AEP) which is a cyclic amine can be explored as an activator towards the absorption of CO2. Vapour liquid equilibrium (VLE) in CO2 capture systems is an important factor for the design of separation equipment and gas treating processes. For proper thermodynamic modeling accurate equilibrium data for the solvent system over a wide range of temperatures, pressure and composition is essential. The present work focuses on the determination of VLE data for (AEP + H2O) system at 40 °C for various composition range. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absorption" title="absorption">absorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aminoethyl%20piperazine" title=" aminoethyl piperazine"> aminoethyl piperazine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbondioxide" title=" carbondioxide"> carbondioxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vapour%20liquid%20equilibrium" title=" vapour liquid equilibrium"> vapour liquid equilibrium</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59396/vapour-liquid-equilibrium-measurement-of-co2-absorption-in-aqueous-2-aminoethylpiperazine-aep" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59396.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">267</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flue%20gases&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flue%20gases&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flue%20gases&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flue%20gases&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flue%20gases&page=6">6</a></li> <li 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