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<span>Reactions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_and_synthesis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_and_synthesis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History and synthesis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History_and_synthesis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History and synthesis subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History_and_synthesis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Natural_occurrence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_occurrence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Natural occurrence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natural_occurrence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Safety" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Safety"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Safety</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Safety-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Historical uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historical_uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Historical uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historical_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cleaning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cleaning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Cleaning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cleaning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medical_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medical_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Medical uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medical_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Anaesthetic_and_analgesic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anaesthetic_and_analgesic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1</span> <span>Anaesthetic and analgesic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anaesthetic_and_analgesic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parasite_medication" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parasite_medication"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.2</span> <span>Parasite medication</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parasite_medication-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Solvent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Solvent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Solvent</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Solvent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fire_suppression" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fire_suppression"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Fire suppression</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fire_suppression-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Refrigerants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Refrigerants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Refrigerants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Refrigerants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fumigant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fumigant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Fumigant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fumigant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Society_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Society_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Society and culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Society_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Society and culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Society_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Famous_deaths_from_carbon_tetrachloride_poisoning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Famous_deaths_from_carbon_tetrachloride_poisoning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Famous deaths from carbon tetrachloride poisoning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Famous_deaths_from_carbon_tetrachloride_poisoning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Carbon tetrachloride</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 52 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrachloormetaan" title="Tetrachloormetaan – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tetrachloormetaan" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A_%D9%83%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="رباعي كلوريد الكربون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رباعي كلوريد الكربون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetraxlormetan" title="Tetraxlormetan – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tetraxlormetan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="کربون تتراکولورید – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کربون تتراکولورید" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A1" title="কার্বন টেট্রাক্লোরাইড – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কার্বন টেট্রাক্লোরাইড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тетрахлорметан – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тетрахлорметан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetraclorur_de_carboni" title="Tetraclorur de carboni – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tetraclorur de carboni" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrachlormethan" title="Tetrachlormethan – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tetrachlormethan" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetraklorkulstof" title="Tetraklorkulstof – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tetraklorkulstof" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrachlormethan" title="Tetrachlormethan – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tetrachlormethan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetraklorometaan" title="Tetraklorometaan – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tetraklorometaan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%87%CE%BB%CF%89%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Τετραχλωράνθρακας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τετραχλωράνθρακας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloruro_de_carbono(IV)" title="Cloruro de carbono(IV) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cloruro de carbono(IV)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbona_tetraklorido" title="Karbona tetraklorido – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Karbona tetraklorido" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbono_tetrakloruro" title="Karbono tetrakloruro – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Karbono tetrakloruro" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="کربن تتراکلرید – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کربن تتراکلرید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9trachlorom%C3%A9thane" title="Tétrachlorométhane – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tétrachlorométhane" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%97%BC%ED%99%94_%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C" title="사염화 탄소 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사염화 탄소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A5%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Տետրաքլորածխածին – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տետրաքլորածխածին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="टेट्राक्लोरोमिथेन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="टेट्राक्लोरोमिथेन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugljikov_tetraklorid" title="Ugljikov tetraklorid – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ugljikov tetraklorid" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon_tetraklorida" title="Karbon tetraklorida – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Karbon tetraklorida" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetracloruro_di_carbonio" title="Tetracloruro di carbonio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tetracloruro di carbonio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%9F_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A2-%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99" title="פחמן ארבע-כלורי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פחמן ארבע-כלורי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ნახშირბადის ტეტრაქლორიდი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნახშირბადის ტეტრაქლორიდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon_tetraklor%C3%AEd" title="Karbon tetraklorîd – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Karbon tetraklorîd" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrahlorogleklis" title="Tetrahlorogleklis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tetrahlorogleklis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrachloromethan" title="Tetrachloromethan – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Tetrachloromethan" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglies_tetrachloridas" title="Anglies tetrachloridas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Anglies tetrachloridas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%A9n-tetraklorid" title="Szén-tetraklorid – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szén-tetraklorid" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon_tetraklorida" title="Karbon tetraklorida – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Karbon tetraklorida" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrachloormethaan" title="Tetrachloormethaan – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tetrachloormethaan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%A1%A9%E5%8C%96%E7%82%AD%E7%B4%A0" title="四塩化炭素 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="四塩化炭素" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrachlorometan" title="Tetrachlorometan – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tetrachlorometan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetracloreto_de_carbono" title="Tetracloreto de carbono – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tetracloreto de carbono" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetraclorur%C4%83_de_carbon" title="Tetraclorură de carbon – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tetraclorură de carbon" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тетрахлорметан – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тетрахлорметан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_tetrachloride" title="Carbon tetrachloride – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Carbon tetrachloride" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrachl%C3%B3rmet%C3%A1n" title="Tetrachlórmetán – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tetrachlórmetán" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogljikov_tetraklorid" title="Ogljikov tetraklorid – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ogljikov tetraklorid" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugljenik_tetrahlorid" title="Ugljenik tetrahlorid – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ugljenik tetrahlorid" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugljenik_tetrahlorid" title="Ugljenik tetrahlorid – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ugljenik tetrahlorid" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiilitetrakloridi" title="Hiilitetrakloridi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hiilitetrakloridi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koltetraklorid" title="Koltetraklorid – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Koltetraklorid" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="கார்பன் டெட்ராகுளோரைடு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கார்பன் டெட்ராகுளோரைடு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D" title="కార్బన్ టెట్రాక్లోరైడ్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కార్బన్ టెట్రాక్లోరైడ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="คาร์บอนเตตระคลอไรด์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คาร์บอนเตตระคลอไรด์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon_tetraklor%C3%BCr" title="Karbon tetraklorür – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Karbon tetraklorür" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тетрахлорометан – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тетрахлорометан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_tetrachloride" title="Carbon tetrachloride – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Carbon tetrachloride" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="四氯化碳 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="四氯化碳" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="四氯化碳 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="四氯化碳" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q225045#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> 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searchaux" style="display:none">Carbon compound</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the chemokine, see <a href="/wiki/CCL4" title="CCL4">CCL4</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1268415487">.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox{border-collapse:collapse;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td,.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox th{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td+td{width:60%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-chembox figure:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent){background:var(--background-color-inverted,#f8f9fa)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-chembox figure:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent){background:var(--background-color-inverted,#f8f9fa)}}</style> <table class="infobox ib-chembox"> <caption>Carbon tetrachloride </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="borderless" style="text-align:center"> <table border="0" style="width:100%;display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border-right:1px solid #aaa; width:50%;"><figure class="mw-halign-center skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tetrachlormethan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Structural formula of tetrachloride"><img alt="Structural formula of tetrachloride" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Tetrachlormethan.svg/110px-Tetrachlormethan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Tetrachlormethan.svg/165px-Tetrachlormethan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Tetrachlormethan.svg/220px-Tetrachlormethan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="476" /></a><figcaption>Structural formula of tetrachloride</figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="width:50%;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carbon-tetrachloride-3D-vdW.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Space-filling model carbon tetrachloride"><img alt="Space-filling model carbon tetrachloride" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Carbon-tetrachloride-3D-vdW.png/110px-Carbon-tetrachloride-3D-vdW.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Carbon-tetrachloride-3D-vdW.png/165px-Carbon-tetrachloride-3D-vdW.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Carbon-tetrachloride-3D-vdW.png/220px-Carbon-tetrachloride-3D-vdW.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1078" /></a><figcaption>Space-filling model carbon tetrachloride</figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:2px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carbon_Tetrachloride.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Carbon tetrachloride"><img alt="Carbon tetrachloride" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Carbon_Tetrachloride.jpg/220px-Carbon_Tetrachloride.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Carbon_Tetrachloride.jpg/330px-Carbon_Tetrachloride.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Carbon_Tetrachloride.jpg/440px-Carbon_Tetrachloride.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2976" data-file-height="3968" /></a><figcaption>Carbon tetrachloride</figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba;color:inherit; text-align: center;">Names </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Preferred_IUPAC_name" title="Preferred IUPAC name">Preferred IUPAC name</a> <div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; max-width:22em;">Tetrachloromethane</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;">Other names <div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;">Benzinoform<br />carbon(IV) chloride <br />carbon tet<br /><i>Carboneum Tetrachloratum / Carbonei tetrachloridum</i><br /><i>Carboneum Chloratum / Carbonei chlorurum</i><br /> chloride of carbon<br />Freon-10<br />Halon-104 <br />methane tetrachloride <br />methyl tetrachloride <br />Necatorina <br />perchloromethane<br />Refrigerant-10<br /><i>Tetrachloretum Carbonicum</i><br />Tetrachlorocarbon<br /> Tetraform<br />Tetrasol</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba;color:inherit; text-align: center;">Identifiers </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></div> </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="commonchemistry.cas.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=56-23-5">56-23-5</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">3D model (<a href="/wiki/JSmol" class="mw-redirect" title="JSmol">JSmol</a>)</div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=ClC%28Cl%29%28Cl%29Cl">Interactive image</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Abbreviations </td> <td>CTC, TCM, PCM, R-10 </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Beilstein_database" title="Beilstein database">Beilstein Reference</a></div> </td> <td>1098295 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChEBI" title="ChEBI">ChEBI</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=27385">CHEBI:27385</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChEMBL" title="ChEMBL">ChEMBL</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/ChEMBL44814">ChEMBL44814</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.chemspider.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.5730.html">5730</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ECHA_InfoCard" class="mw-redirect" title="ECHA InfoCard"><span title="echa.europa.eu">ECHA InfoCard</span></a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.000.239">100.000.239</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q225045#P2566" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/European_Community_number" title="European Community number"><span title="European Community number (chemical identifier)">EC Number</span></a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>200-262-8</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Gmelin_database" title="Gmelin database">Gmelin Reference</a></div> </td> <td>2347 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.kegg.jp"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kegg.jp/entry/C07561">C07561</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> <abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5943">5943</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/RTECS" class="mw-redirect" title="RTECS">RTECS number</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>FG4900000</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifier" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier">UNII</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="precision.fda.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/CL2T97X0V0">CL2T97X0V0</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/UN_number" title="UN number">UN number</a> </td> <td>1846 </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/CompTox_Chemicals_Dashboard" title="CompTox Chemicals Dashboard">CompTox Dashboard</a> <span style="font-weight:normal">(<abbr title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</abbr>)</span></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="comptox.epa.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID8020250">DTXSID8020250</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q225045#P3117" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; text-align:left; font-weight:normal;"><div><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Identifier" title="International Chemical Identifier">InChI</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.5em; text-align:left;"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/CCl4/c2-1(3,4)5<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key: VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.5em; text-align:left;"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1/CCl4/c2-1(3,4)5</div><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key: VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYAV</div></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; text-align:left; font-weight:normal;"><div><a href="/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified molecular-input line-entry system">SMILES</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.6em; word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl</div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba;color:inherit; text-align: center;">Properties </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Chemical formula</a></div> </td> <td><span title="Carbon">C</span><span title="Chlorine">Cl</span><sub>4</sub> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">Molar mass</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002153810000000000♠"></span>153.81</span> g·mol<sup>−1</sup>   </td></tr> <tr> <td>Appearance </td> <td>Colourless liquid </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Odor" title="Odor">Odor</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chloroform" title="Chloroform">chloroform</a>-like odor </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">Density</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>1.5867<span class="nowrap"> </span>g·cm<sup>−3</sup> (liquid)</li><li>1.831<span class="nowrap"> </span>g·cm<sup>−3</sup> at −186<span class="nowrap"> </span>°C (solid)</li><li>1.809<span class="nowrap"> </span>g·cm<sup>−3</sup> at −80<span class="nowrap"> </span>°C (solid)</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Melting_point" title="Melting point">Melting point</a> </td> <td>−22.92 °C (−9.26 °F; 250.23 K) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Boiling_point" title="Boiling point">Boiling point</a> </td> <td>76.72 °C (170.10 °F; 349.87 K) </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Aqueous_solution" title="Aqueous solution">Solubility in water</a></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>0.097<span class="nowrap"> </span>g/100 mL (0<span class="nowrap"> </span>°C)</li><li>0.081<span class="nowrap"> </span>g/100 mL (25<span class="nowrap"> </span>°C)</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Solubility" title="Solubility">Solubility</a> </td> <td>Soluble in <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">alcohol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diethyl_ether" title="Diethyl ether">ether</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chloroform" title="Chloroform">chloroform</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benzene" title="Benzene">benzene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naphtha" title="Naphtha">naphtha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carbon_disulfide" title="Carbon disulfide">CS<sub>2</sub></a>, <a href="/wiki/Formic_acid" title="Formic acid">formic acid</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Partition_coefficient" title="Partition coefficient">log <i>P</i></a> </td> <td>2.64 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vapor_pressure" title="Vapor pressure">Vapor pressure</a> </td> <td>11.94<span class="nowrap"> </span>kPa at 20<span class="nowrap"> </span>°C </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Henry%27s_law" title="Henry's law">Henry's law<br />constant</a> (<i>k</i><sub>H</sub>)</div> </td> <td>2.76×10<sup>−2</sup><span class="nowrap"> </span>atm·m<sup>3</sup>/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_susceptibility" title="Magnetic susceptibility">Magnetic susceptibility</a> (χ)</div> </td> <td>−66.60×10<sup>−6</sup><span class="nowrap"> </span>cm<sup>3</sup>/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thermal_conductivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermal conductivity">Thermal conductivity</a> </td> <td>0.1036<span class="nowrap"> </span>W/m·K (300<span class="nowrap"> </span>K)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Refractive_index" title="Refractive index">Refractive index</a> (<i>n</i><sub>D</sub>)</div> </td> <td>1.4607 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Viscosity" title="Viscosity">Viscosity</a> </td> <td>0.86<span class="nowrap"> </span>mPa·s<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dipole#Molecular_dipoles" title="Dipole">Dipole moment</a></div> </td> <td>0 D </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba;color:inherit; text-align: center;">Structure </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_structure" title="Crystal structure">Crystal structure</a></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monoclinic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monoclinic">Monoclinic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Coordination_geometry" title="Coordination geometry">Coordination geometry</a></div> </td> <td>Tetragonal </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Molecular_geometry" title="Molecular geometry">Molecular shape</a></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tetrahedron" title="Tetrahedron">Tetrahedral</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dipole#Molecular_dipoles" title="Dipole">Dipole moment</a></div> </td> <td>0<span class="nowrap"> </span>D </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba;color:inherit; text-align: center;">Thermochemistry </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Heat_capacity" title="Heat capacity">Heat capacity</a> <span style="font-size:112%;">(<i>C</i>)</span></div> </td> <td>132.6<span class="nowrap"> </span>J/mol·K </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_molar_entropy" title="Standard molar entropy">Std molar<br />entropy</a> <span style="font-size:112%;">(<i>S</i><sup>⦵</sup><sub>298</sub>)</span></div> </td> <td>214.39<span class="nowrap"> </span>J/mol·K </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_enthalpy_change_of_formation" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard enthalpy change of formation">Std enthalpy of<br />formation</a> <span style="font-size:112%;">(Δ<sub>f</sub><i>H</i><sup>⦵</sup><sub>298</sub>)</span></div> </td> <td>−95.6<span class="nowrap"> </span>kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Gibbs_free_energy#Standard_energy_change_of_formation" title="Gibbs free energy">Gibbs free energy</a> <span style="font-size:112%;">(Δ<sub>f</sub><i>G</i><sup>⦵</sup>)</span></div> </td> <td>−87.34<span class="nowrap"> </span>kJ/mol<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba;color:inherit; text-align: center;">Hazards </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background-color:#eaeaea;color:inherit;"><b><a href="/wiki/Occupational_safety_and_health" title="Occupational safety and health">Occupational safety and health</a></b> (OHS/OSH): </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Main hazards</div> </td> <td>extremely toxic to the liver and kidneys, potential occupational carcinogen, harmful to the <a href="/wiki/Ozone_layer" title="Ozone layer">ozone layer</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background-color:#eaeaea;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Globally_Harmonized_System_of_Classification_and_Labelling_of_Chemicals" title="Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals"><b>GHS</b> labelling</a>: </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/GHS_hazard_pictograms" title="GHS hazard pictograms">Pictograms</a></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GHS-pictogram-skull.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="GHS06: Toxic"><img alt="GHS06: Toxic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/GHS-pictogram-skull.svg/50px-GHS-pictogram-skull.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/GHS-pictogram-skull.svg/75px-GHS-pictogram-skull.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/GHS-pictogram-skull.svg/100px-GHS-pictogram-skull.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="724" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="GHS08: Health hazard"><img alt="GHS08: Health hazard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg/50px-GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg/75px-GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg/100px-GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="724" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Globally_Harmonized_System_of_Classification_and_Labelling_of_Chemicals#Signal_word" title="Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals">Signal word</a></div> </td> <td><b>Danger</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/GHS_hazard_statements" title="GHS hazard statements">Hazard statements</a></div> </td> <td><abbr class="abbr" title="H301: Toxic if swallowed">H301</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="H302: Harmful if swallowed">H302</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="H311: Toxic in contact with skin">H311</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="H331: Toxic if inhaled">H331</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="H351: Suspected of causing cancer">H351</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure">H372</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="H412: Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects">H412</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="H420: Harms public health and the environment by destroying ozone in the upper atmosphere">H420</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/GHS_precautionary_statements" title="GHS precautionary statements">Precautionary statements</a></div> </td> <td><abbr class="abbr" title="P201: Obtain special instructions before use.">P201</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P202: Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.">P202</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.">P260</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P261: Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.">P261</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling.">P264</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P270: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.">P270</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P271: Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.">P271</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P273: Avoid release to the environment.">P273</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.">P280</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P281: Use personal protective equipment as required.">P281</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P301+P310: IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.">P301+P310</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P302+P352: IF ON SKIN: Wash with soap and water.">P302+P352</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P304+P340: IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.">P304+P340</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P308+P313: IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention.">P308+P313</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P311: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.">P311</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P312: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.">P312</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P314: Get Medical advice/attention if you feel unwell.">P314</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P321: Specific treatment (see ... on this label).">P321</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P322: Specific measures (see ... on this label).">P322</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P330: Rinse mouth.">P330</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P361: Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.">P361</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P363: Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.">P363</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P403+P233: Store in a well ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.">P403+P233</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P405: Store locked up.">P405</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...">P501</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P502: Refer to manufacturer or supplier for information on recovery or recycling.">P502</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/NFPA_704" title="NFPA 704"><b>NFPA 704</b></a> (fire diamond) </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1170367383">.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-ref{float:right;padding:1px;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-container{width:82px;font-family:sans-serif;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-container-ref{float:left;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-images{float:left;font-size:20px;text-align:center;position:relative;height:80px;width:80px;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-map{position:absolute;height:80px;width:80px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond .noresize{margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-code{line-height:1em;text-align:center;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-code>a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-blue{width:13px;top:31px;left:15px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-red{width:12px;top:12px;left:35px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-yellow{width:13px;top:31px;left:54px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-image{position:relative;top:51px;left:0}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-text{vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;line-height:80%;position:absolute;top:52px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-text a>span{position:absolute;color:black}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-wors{font-size:15px;width:23px;left:29px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-wox{font-size:15px;font-stretch:condensed;width:21px;line-height:80%;top:-4px;left:29px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-abcp{font-size:13.5px;font-stretch:condensed;width:28px;left:26px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-ac{font-size:10px;width:30px;left:25px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-strike{text-decoration:line-through}</style><div class="nfpa-704-diamond notheme"><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-container"><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-images nounderlines"> <div class="nfpa-704-diamond-map"><figure class="noresize" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="NFPA 704 four-colored diamond" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/80px-NFPA_704.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/120px-NFPA_704.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/160px-NFPA_704.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" usemap="#ImageMap_7b3d73138c259557" /></span><map name="ImageMap_7b3d73138c259557"><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Blue" shape="poly" coords="23,23,47,47,23,70,0,47" alt="Health 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gas" title="Health 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gas" /><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Red" shape="poly" coords="47,0,70,23,47,47,23,23" alt="Flammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. water" title="Flammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. water" /><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Yellow" shape="poly" coords="70,23,94,47,70,70,47,47" alt="Instability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogen" title="Instability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogen" /><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#White" shape="poly" coords="47,47,70,70,47,94,23,70" alt="Special hazards (white): no code" title="Special hazards (white): no code" /></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-code nfpa-704-diamond-blue"> <a href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Blue" title="NFPA 704"><span title="Health 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gas" class="notheme mw-no-invert">3</span></a></div><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-code nfpa-704-diamond-red"> <a href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Red" title="NFPA 704"><span title="Flammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. water" class="notheme mw-no-invert">0</span></a></div><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-code nfpa-704-diamond-yellow"> <a href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Yellow" title="NFPA 704"><span title="Instability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogen" class="notheme mw-no-invert">0</span></a></div></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Flash_point" title="Flash point">Flash point</a> </td> <td>non-flammable </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background-color:#eaeaea;color:inherit;"><b>Lethal dose</b> or concentration (LD, LC): </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">LD<sub>50</sub> (<a href="/wiki/Lethal_dose#LD50" title="Lethal dose">median dose</a>)</div> </td> <td>7749 mg/kg (oral, mouse); 5760 mg/kg (oral, rabbit); 2350 mg/kg (oral, rat)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">LC<sub>50</sub> (<a href="/wiki/Lethal_dose#LC50" title="Lethal dose">median concentration</a>)</div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>5400<span class="nowrap"> </span>ppm (mammal)</li><li>8000<span class="nowrap"> </span>ppm (rat, 4<span class="nowrap"> </span>hr)</li><li>9526<span class="nowrap"> </span>ppm (mouse, 8<span class="nowrap"> </span>hr)<sup id="cite_ref-IDLH_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IDLH-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">LC<sub>Lo</sub> (<a href="/wiki/Lethal_dose#LCLo" title="Lethal dose">lowest published</a>)</div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>1000<span class="nowrap"> </span>ppm (human)</li><li>20,000<span class="nowrap"> </span>ppm (guinea pig, 2<span class="nowrap"> </span>hr)</li><li>38,110<span class="nowrap"> </span>ppm (cat, 2<span class="nowrap"> </span>hr)</li><li>50,000<span class="nowrap"> </span>ppm (human, 5<span class="nowrap"> </span>min)</li><li>14,620<span class="nowrap"> </span>ppm (dog, 8<span class="nowrap"> </span>hr)<sup id="cite_ref-IDLH_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IDLH-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background-color:#eaeaea;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health" title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health"><b>NIOSH</b></a> (US health exposure limits): </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Permissible_exposure_limit" title="Permissible exposure limit">PEL</a> (Permissible)</div> </td> <td>TWA 10<span class="nowrap"> </span>ppm C 25<span class="nowrap"> </span>ppm 200<span class="nowrap"> </span>ppm (5-minute maximum peak in any 4 hours)<sup id="cite_ref-PGCH_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PGCH-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Recommended_exposure_limit" title="Recommended exposure limit">REL</a> (Recommended)</div> </td> <td>Ca ST 2<span class="nowrap"> </span>ppm (12.6<span class="nowrap"> </span>mg/m<sup>3</sup>) [60-minute]<sup id="cite_ref-PGCH_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PGCH-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/IDLH" class="mw-redirect" title="IDLH">IDLH</a> (Immediate danger)</div> </td> <td>200<span class="nowrap"> </span>ppm<sup id="cite_ref-PGCH_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PGCH-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Safety_data_sheet" title="Safety data sheet">Safety data sheet</a> (SDS) </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080313164233/http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework/cis/products/icsc/dtasht/_icsc00/icsc0024.htm">ICSC 0024</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba;color:inherit; text-align: center;">Related compounds </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Other <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">anions</a></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carbon_tetrafluoride" title="Carbon tetrafluoride">Carbon tetrafluoride</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Carbon_tetrabromide" title="Carbon tetrabromide">Carbon tetrabromide</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Carbon_tetraiodide" title="Carbon tetraiodide">Carbon tetraiodide</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Other <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">cations</a></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Silicon_tetrachloride" title="Silicon tetrachloride">Silicon tetrachloride</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Germanium_tetrachloride" title="Germanium tetrachloride">Germanium tetrachloride</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tin_tetrachloride" class="mw-redirect" title="Tin tetrachloride">Tin tetrachloride</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lead_tetrachloride" class="mw-redirect" title="Lead tetrachloride">Lead tetrachloride</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Related chloromethanes</div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chloromethane" title="Chloromethane">Chloromethane</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Dichloromethane" title="Dichloromethane">Dichloromethane</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Trichloromethane" class="mw-redirect" title="Trichloromethane">Trichloromethane</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba;color:inherit; text-align: center;">Supplementary data page </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Carbon_tetrachloride_(data_page)" title="Carbon tetrachloride (data page)">Carbon tetrachloride (data page)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background:#f8eaba; color:inherit; border:1px solid #a2a9b1;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their <a href="/wiki/Standard_state" title="Standard state">standard state</a> (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).</div> <div style="margin-top: 0.3em;"><div style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/12px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/18px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/24px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> <span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ComparePages&rev1=477000161&page2=Carbon+tetrachloride">verify</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chemicals/Chembox_validation" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation">what is</a> <sup><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span></sup> ?) </div></div> <div style="margin-top: 0.3em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Chemical_infobox#References" title="Wikipedia:Chemical infobox">Infobox references</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chemical compound</div> <p><b>Carbon tetrachloride</b>, also known by many other names (such as <b>carbon tet</b> for short and <b>tetrachloromethane</b>, also <a href="/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of_inorganic_chemistry" title="IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry">recognised by the IUPAC</a>), is a <a href="/wiki/Chemical_compound" title="Chemical compound">chemical compound</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">chemical formula</a> CCl<sub>4</sub>. It is a non-flammable, dense, colourless liquid with a "sweet" <a href="/wiki/Chloroform" title="Chloroform">chloroform</a>-like odour that can be detected at low levels. It was formerly widely used in <a href="/wiki/Fire_extinguisher" title="Fire extinguisher">fire extinguishers</a>, as a precursor to <a href="/wiki/Refrigerant" title="Refrigerant">refrigerants</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Anthelmintic" title="Anthelmintic">anthelmintic</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Cleaning_agent" title="Cleaning agent">cleaning agent</a>, but has since been phased out because of environmental and safety concerns. Exposure to high concentrations of carbon tetrachloride can affect the <a href="/wiki/Central_nervous_system" title="Central nervous system">central nervous system</a> and degenerate the liver and kidneys. Prolonged exposure can be fatal. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Properties">Properties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon_tetrachloride&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Properties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the carbon tetrachloride <a href="/wiki/Molecule" title="Molecule">molecule</a>, four <a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">chlorine</a> <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atoms</a> are positioned symmetrically as corners in a <a href="/wiki/Tetrahedron" title="Tetrahedron">tetrahedral</a> configuration joined to a central <a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">carbon</a> atom by single <a href="/wiki/Covalent_bond" title="Covalent bond">covalent bonds</a>. Because of this symmetric geometry, CCl<sub>4</sub> is non-polar. <a href="/wiki/Methane" title="Methane">Methane gas</a> has the same structure, making carbon tetrachloride a <a href="/wiki/Halomethane" title="Halomethane">halomethane</a>. As a <a href="/wiki/Solvent" title="Solvent">solvent</a>, it is well suited to dissolving other non-polar compounds such as fats and oils. It can also dissolve <a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">iodine</a>. It is <a href="/wiki/Volatility_(chemistry)" title="Volatility (chemistry)">volatile</a>, giving off <a href="/wiki/Vapor" title="Vapor">vapors</a> with an odor characteristic of other chlorinated solvents, somewhat similar to the <a href="/wiki/Tetrachloroethylene" title="Tetrachloroethylene">tetrachloroethylene</a> odor reminiscent of <a href="/wiki/Dry_cleaner" class="mw-redirect" title="Dry cleaner">dry cleaners</a>' shops. </p><p>Solid tetrachloromethane has two <a href="/wiki/Polymorphism_(materials_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Polymorphism (materials science)">polymorphs</a>: crystalline II below −47.5°C (225.6 K) and crystalline I above −47.5°C.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At −47.3°C it has <a href="/wiki/Monoclinic_crystal_system" title="Monoclinic crystal system">monoclinic</a> crystal structure with space group <i>C2/c</i> and <a href="/wiki/Lattice_constants" class="mw-redirect" title="Lattice constants">lattice constants</a> <i>a</i> = 20.3, <i>b</i> = 11.6, <i>c</i> = 19.9 (.10<sup>−1</sup> nm), β = 111°.<sup id="cite_ref-chtas_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chtas-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With a <a href="/wiki/Specific_gravity" class="mw-redirect" title="Specific gravity">specific gravity</a> greater than 1, carbon tetrachloride will be present as a <a href="/wiki/Dense_nonaqueous_phase_liquid" class="mw-redirect" title="Dense nonaqueous phase liquid">dense nonaqueous phase liquid</a> if sufficient quantities are spilt in the environment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reactions">Reactions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon_tetrachloride&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Reactions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite being generally inert, carbon tetrachloride can undergo various reactions. Hydrogen or an acid in the presence of an <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a> catalyst can reduce carbon tetrachloride to chloroform, dichloromethane, chloromethane and even methane.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When its vapours are passed through a red-hot tube, carbon tetrachloride dechlorinates to <a href="/wiki/Tetrachloroethylene" title="Tetrachloroethylene">tetrachloroethylene</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hexachloroethane" title="Hexachloroethane">hexachloroethane</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Carbon tetrachloride, when treated with <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_fluoride" title="Hydrogen fluoride">HF</a>, gives various compounds such as <a href="/wiki/Trichlorofluoromethane" title="Trichlorofluoromethane">trichlorofluoromethane</a> (R-11), <a href="/wiki/Dichlorodifluoromethane" title="Dichlorodifluoromethane">dichlorodifluoromethane</a> (R-12), <a href="/wiki/Chlorotrifluoromethane" title="Chlorotrifluoromethane">chlorotrifluoromethane</a> (R-13) and <a href="/wiki/Carbon_tetrafluoride" title="Carbon tetrafluoride">carbon tetrafluoride</a> with <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_chloride" title="Hydrogen chloride">HCl</a> as the by-product: </p> <dl><dd><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1123817410">.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su{display:inline-block;font-size:80%;line-height:1;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su>span{display:block;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output sub.template-chem2-sub{font-size:80%;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output sup.template-chem2-sup{font-size:80%;vertical-align:0.65em}</style><span class="chemf nowrap">CCl<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub> + HF → CCl<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>F + HCl</span></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">CCl<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub> + 2 HF → CCl<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>F<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub> + 2 HCl</span></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">CCl<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub> + 3 HF → CClF<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub> + 3 HCl</span></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">CCl<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub> + 4 HF → CF<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub> + 4 HCl</span></dd></dl> <p>This was once one of the main uses of carbon tetrachloride, as R-11 and R-12 were widely used as refrigerants. </p><p>An alcohol solution of potassium hydroxide decomposes it to potassium chloride and potassium carbonate in water:<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">CCl<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub> + 6 KOH → 4 KCl + K<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>CO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub> + 3 H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O</span></dd></dl> <p>Carbon is sufficiently <a href="/wiki/Oxophilic" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxophilic">oxophilic</a> that many compounds react to give <a href="/wiki/Phosgene" title="Phosgene">phosgene</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1275448275">.mw-parser-output .defaultleft{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .defaultcenter{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .defaultright{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .col1left td:nth-child(1),.mw-parser-output .col2left td:nth-child(2),.mw-parser-output .col3left td:nth-child(3),.mw-parser-output .col4left td:nth-child(4),.mw-parser-output .col5left td:nth-child(5),.mw-parser-output .col6left td:nth-child(6),.mw-parser-output .col7left td:nth-child(7),.mw-parser-output .col8left td:nth-child(8),.mw-parser-output .col9left td:nth-child(9),.mw-parser-output .col10left td:nth-child(10),.mw-parser-output .col11left td:nth-child(11),.mw-parser-output .col12left td:nth-child(12),.mw-parser-output .col13left td:nth-child(13),.mw-parser-output .col14left td:nth-child(14),.mw-parser-output .col15left td:nth-child(15),.mw-parser-output .col16left td:nth-child(16),.mw-parser-output .col17left td:nth-child(17),.mw-parser-output .col18left td:nth-child(18),.mw-parser-output .col19left td:nth-child(19),.mw-parser-output .col20left td:nth-child(20),.mw-parser-output .col21left td:nth-child(21),.mw-parser-output .col22left td:nth-child(22),.mw-parser-output .col23left td:nth-child(23),.mw-parser-output .col24left td:nth-child(24),.mw-parser-output .col25left td:nth-child(25),.mw-parser-output .col26left td:nth-child(26),.mw-parser-output .col27left td:nth-child(27),.mw-parser-output .col28left td:nth-child(28),.mw-parser-output .col29left td:nth-child(29){text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col1center td:nth-child(1),.mw-parser-output .col2center td:nth-child(2),.mw-parser-output .col3center td:nth-child(3),.mw-parser-output .col4center td:nth-child(4),.mw-parser-output .col5center td:nth-child(5),.mw-parser-output .col6center td:nth-child(6),.mw-parser-output .col7center td:nth-child(7),.mw-parser-output .col8center td:nth-child(8),.mw-parser-output .col9center td:nth-child(9),.mw-parser-output .col10center td:nth-child(10),.mw-parser-output .col11center td:nth-child(11),.mw-parser-output .col12center td:nth-child(12),.mw-parser-output .col13center td:nth-child(13),.mw-parser-output .col14center td:nth-child(14),.mw-parser-output .col15center td:nth-child(15),.mw-parser-output .col16center td:nth-child(16),.mw-parser-output .col17center td:nth-child(17),.mw-parser-output .col18center td:nth-child(18),.mw-parser-output .col19center td:nth-child(19),.mw-parser-output .col20center td:nth-child(20),.mw-parser-output .col21center td:nth-child(21),.mw-parser-output .col22center td:nth-child(22),.mw-parser-output .col23center td:nth-child(23),.mw-parser-output .col24center td:nth-child(24),.mw-parser-output .col25center td:nth-child(25),.mw-parser-output .col26center td:nth-child(26),.mw-parser-output .col27center td:nth-child(27),.mw-parser-output .col28center td:nth-child(28),.mw-parser-output .col29center td:nth-child(29){text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .col1right td:nth-child(1),.mw-parser-output .col2right td:nth-child(2),.mw-parser-output .col3right td:nth-child(3),.mw-parser-output .col4right td:nth-child(4),.mw-parser-output .col5right td:nth-child(5),.mw-parser-output .col6right td:nth-child(6),.mw-parser-output .col7right td:nth-child(7),.mw-parser-output .col8right td:nth-child(8),.mw-parser-output .col9right td:nth-child(9),.mw-parser-output .col10right td:nth-child(10),.mw-parser-output .col11right td:nth-child(11),.mw-parser-output .col12right td:nth-child(12),.mw-parser-output .col13right td:nth-child(13),.mw-parser-output .col14right td:nth-child(14),.mw-parser-output .col15right td:nth-child(15),.mw-parser-output .col16right td:nth-child(16),.mw-parser-output .col17right td:nth-child(17),.mw-parser-output .col18right td:nth-child(18),.mw-parser-output .col19right td:nth-child(19),.mw-parser-output .col20right td:nth-child(20),.mw-parser-output .col21right td:nth-child(21),.mw-parser-output .col22right td:nth-child(22),.mw-parser-output .col23right td:nth-child(23),.mw-parser-output .col24right td:nth-child(24),.mw-parser-output .col25right td:nth-child(25),.mw-parser-output .col26right td:nth-child(26),.mw-parser-output .col27right td:nth-child(27),.mw-parser-output .col28right td:nth-child(28),.mw-parser-output .col29right td:nth-child(29){text-align:right}</style> </p> <table class="wikitable col1right col2center col3left col4right"> <tbody><tr> <th>Reactants</th> <th></th> <th>Products</th> <th>Conditions<sup>cite</sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">CO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></a> + CCl<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></td> <td>→</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">2 COCl<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></td> <td>350°C<sup id="cite_ref-watts_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-watts-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carbon_monoxide" title="Carbon monoxide">CO</a> + CCl<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></td> <td>→</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">COCl<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub> +</span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tetrachloroethylene" title="Tetrachloroethylene">C<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>Cl<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></a></span></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-watts_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-watts-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">2 <a href="/wiki/Sulfuric_anhydride" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulfuric anhydride">SO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></a> + CCl<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></td> <td>→</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">COCl<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub> + <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrosulfuryl_chloride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrosulfuryl chloride (page does not exist)">(SO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>Cl)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O</a></span></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-graham_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-graham-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Phosphoric_anhydride" class="mw-redirect" title="Phosphoric anhydride">P<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">5</sub></a> + CCl<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></td> <td>→</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">COCl<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub> +</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">2</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Phosphoryl_chloride" title="Phosphoryl chloride">POCl<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></a></span></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-graham_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-graham-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">3 <a href="/wiki/Zinc_oxide" title="Zinc oxide">ZnO</a> + 2 CCl<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></td> <td>→</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">COCl<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub> + CO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub> + 3 <a href="/wiki/Zinc_chloride" title="Zinc chloride">ZnCl<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></a></span></td> <td>ZnO dry; 200°C<sup id="cite_ref-watts_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-watts-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Reaction with <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_sulfide" title="Hydrogen sulfide">hydrogen sulfide</a> gives <a href="/wiki/Thiophosgene" title="Thiophosgene">thiophosgene</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-graham_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-graham-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">CCl<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub> + H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>S → CCl<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>S + 2 HCl</span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_synthesis">History and synthesis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon_tetrachloride&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History and synthesis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Carbon tetrachloride was originally synthesized in 1820 by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">Michael Faraday</a>, who named it "protochloride of carbon", by decomposition of <a href="/wiki/Hexachloroethane" title="Hexachloroethane">hexachloroethane</a> ("perchloride of carbon") which he synthesized by chlorination of <a href="/wiki/Ethylene" title="Ethylene">ethylene</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The protochloride of carbon has been previously misidentified as <a href="/wiki/Tetrachloroethylene" title="Tetrachloroethylene">tetrachloroethylene</a> because it can be made with the same reaction of hexachloroethane. Later in the 19th century, the name "protochloride of carbon" was used for tetrachloroethylene, and carbon tetrachloride was called "bichloride of carbon" or "perchloride of carbon". <a href="/wiki/Henri_Victor_Regnault" title="Henri Victor Regnault">Henri Victor Regnault</a> developed another method to synthesise carbon tetrachloride from <a href="/wiki/Chloroform" title="Chloroform">chloroform</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chloroethane" title="Chloroethane">chloroethane</a> or <a href="/wiki/Methanol" title="Methanol">methanol</a> with excess <a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">chlorine</a> in 1839.<sup id="cite_ref-grahamwatts_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grahamwatts-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kolbe made carbon tetrachloride in 1845 by passing chlorine over carbon disulfide through a porcelain tube.<sup id="cite_ref-grahamwatts_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grahamwatts-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to the 1950s, carbon tetrachloride was manufactured by the chlorination of <a href="/wiki/Carbon_disulfide" title="Carbon disulfide">carbon disulfide</a> at 105 to 130 °C:<sup id="cite_ref-Ross_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ross-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>CS<sub>2</sub> + 3 <a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">Cl<sub>2</sub></a> → CCl<sub>4</sub> + <a href="/wiki/Disulfur_dichloride" title="Disulfur dichloride">S<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub></a></dd></dl> <p>But now it is mainly produced from <a href="/wiki/Methane" title="Methane">methane</a>: </p> <dl><dd>CH<sub>4</sub> + 4 Cl<sub>2</sub> → CCl<sub>4</sub> + 4 <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_chloride" title="Hydrogen chloride">HCl</a></dd></dl> <p>The production often utilizes by-products of other <a href="/wiki/Chlorination_reaction" class="mw-redirect" title="Chlorination reaction">chlorination reactions</a>, such as from the syntheses of <a href="/wiki/Dichloromethane" title="Dichloromethane">dichloromethane</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chloroform" title="Chloroform">chloroform</a>. Higher chlorocarbons are also subjected to this process named "chlorinolysis": </p> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Hexachloroethane" title="Hexachloroethane">C<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>6</sub></a> + Cl<sub>2</sub> → 2 CCl<sub>4</sub></dd></dl> <p>The production of carbon tetrachloride has steeply declined since the 1980s because of environmental concerns and the decreased demand for <a href="/wiki/Chlorofluorocarbon" title="Chlorofluorocarbon">CFCs</a>, which were derived from carbon tetrachloride. In 1992, production in the U.S./Europe/Japan was estimated at 720,000 tonnes.<sup id="cite_ref-Ross_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ross-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Natural_occurrence">Natural occurrence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon_tetrachloride&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Natural occurrence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Carbon tetrachloride was discovered along with chloromethane and chloroform in <a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">oceans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marine_algae" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine algae">marine algae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">volcanoes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Natural emissions of carbon tetrachloride are insignificant compared to anthropogenic sources; for example, the <a href="/wiki/Momotombo" title="Momotombo">Momotombo</a> volcano in <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> emits carbon tetrachloride at a <a href="/wiki/Flux" title="Flux">flux</a> of 82 grams per year while the global industrial emissions were at 2 × 10<sup>10</sup> grams per year.<sup id="cite_ref-natural_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-natural-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Carbon tetrachloride was found in <a href="/wiki/Red_algae" title="Red algae">red algae</a>, specifically <i><a href="/wiki/Asparagopsis_taxiformis" title="Asparagopsis taxiformis">Asparagopsis taxiformis</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Asparagopsis_armata" title="Asparagopsis armata">Asparagopsis armata</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was detected in <a href="/wiki/Southern_California" title="Southern California">Southern Californian</a> ecosystems, <a href="/wiki/Salt_lake" title="Salt lake">salt lakes</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kalmykia" title="Kalmykia">Kalmykian</a> steppe and a common <a href="/wiki/Liverwort" class="mw-redirect" title="Liverwort">liverwort</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-natural_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-natural-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Safety">Safety</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon_tetrachloride&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Safety"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At high temperatures in air, it decomposes or burns to produce poisonous <a href="/wiki/Phosgene" title="Phosgene">phosgene</a>. This was a common problem when carbon tetrachloride was used as a fire extinguisher<sup id="cite_ref-Burke_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burke-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and there have been deaths due to its conversion to phosgene reported.<sup id="cite_ref-Fieldner_Katz_Kinney_1920_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fieldner_Katz_Kinney_1920-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Carbon tetrachloride is a suspected human <a href="/wiki/Carcinogen" title="Carcinogen">carcinogen</a> but there is no sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> reports carbon tetrachloride can induce <a href="/wiki/Hepatocellular_carcinoma" title="Hepatocellular carcinoma">hepatocellular carcinomas</a> (hepatomas) in mice and rats. The doses inducing hepatic tumors in mice and rats are higher than those inducing cell toxicity.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/International_Agency_for_Research_on_Cancer" title="International Agency for Research on Cancer">International Agency for Research on Cancer</a> (IARC) classified this compound in <a href="/wiki/List_of_IARC_Group_2B_Agents_-_Possibly_carcinogenic_to_humans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of IARC Group 2B Agents - Possibly carcinogenic to humans">Group 2B</a>, "<i>possibly carcinogenic to humans</i>".<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Carbon tetrachloride is one of the most potent <a href="/wiki/Hepatotoxicity" title="Hepatotoxicity">hepatotoxins</a> (toxic to the liver), so much so that it is widely used in scientific research to evaluate hepatoprotective agents.<sup id="cite_ref-TemaNord_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TemaNord-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Seifert_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seifert-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Exposure to high concentrations of carbon tetrachloride (including vapor) can affect the <a href="/wiki/Central_nervous_system" title="Central nervous system">central nervous system</a> and degenerate the liver<sup id="cite_ref-Seifert_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seifert-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and kidneys,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and prolonged exposure may lead to <a href="/wiki/Coma" title="Coma">coma</a> or death.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chronic exposure to carbon tetrachloride can cause <a href="/wiki/Hepatotoxicity" title="Hepatotoxicity">liver</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Nephrotoxicity" title="Nephrotoxicity">kidney damage</a> and could result in <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Consumption of <a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage" title="Alcoholic beverage">alcohol</a> increases the toxic effects of carbon tetrachloride and may cause more severe organ damage, such as <a href="/wiki/Acute_renal_failure" class="mw-redirect" title="Acute renal failure">acute renal failure</a>, in heavy drinkers. The doses that can cause mild toxicity to non-drinkers can be fatal to drinkers.<sup id="cite_ref-toxprofile_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toxprofile-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The effects of carbon tetrachloride on human health and the environment have been assessed under <a href="/wiki/Registration,_Evaluation,_Authorisation_and_Restriction_of_Chemicals" title="Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals">REACH</a> in 2012 in the context of the substance evaluation by France.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008, a study of common cleaning products found the presence of carbon tetrachloride in "very high concentrations" (up to 101 mg/m<sup>3</sup>) as a result of manufacturers' mixing of surfactants or soap with <a href="/wiki/Sodium_hypochlorite" title="Sodium hypochlorite">sodium hypochlorite</a> (bleach).<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Carbon tetrachloride is also both <a href="/wiki/Ozone_depletion" title="Ozone depletion">ozone-depleting</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas" title="Greenhouse gas">greenhouse gas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, since 1992<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> its atmospheric concentrations have been in decline for the reasons described above (see atmospheric concentration graphs in the <a href="#Gallery">gallery</a>). CCl<sub>4</sub> has an <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_lifetime" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmospheric lifetime">atmospheric lifetime</a> of 85 years.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon_tetrachloride&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Organic_chemistry" title="Organic chemistry">organic chemistry</a>, carbon tetrachloride serves as a source of chlorine in the <a href="/wiki/Appel_reaction" title="Appel reaction">Appel reaction</a>. </p> <dl><dd><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Appel-Reaktion_M-v3.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The mechanism of the Appel reaction"><img alt="The mechanism of the Appel reaction" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Appel-Reaktion_M-v3.svg/450px-Appel-Reaktion_M-v3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Appel-Reaktion_M-v3.svg/675px-Appel-Reaktion_M-v3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Appel-Reaktion_M-v3.svg/900px-Appel-Reaktion_M-v3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1755" data-file-height="589" /></a><figcaption>The mechanism of the Appel reaction</figcaption></figure><div style="clear:left;" class=""></div></dd></dl> <p>Carbon tetrachloride made from heavy <a href="/wiki/Chlorine-37" title="Chlorine-37">chlorine-37</a> has been used in the detection of <a href="/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino">neutrinos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antineutrino" class="mw-redirect" title="Antineutrino">antineutrinos</a>. <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis_Jr." title="Raymond Davis Jr.">Raymond Davis Jr.</a> used carbon tetrachloride in his experiments to detect antineutrinos.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_uses">Historical uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon_tetrachloride&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Historical uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Carbon tetrachloride was widely used as a <a href="/wiki/Dry_cleaning" title="Dry cleaning">dry cleaning</a> solvent, as a <a href="/wiki/Refrigerant" title="Refrigerant">refrigerant</a>, and in <a href="/wiki/Lava_lamp" title="Lava lamp">lava lamps</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the last case, carbon tetrachloride is a key ingredient that adds weight to the otherwise buoyant wax. </p><p>One speciality use of carbon tetrachloride was in <a href="/wiki/Stamp_collecting" title="Stamp collecting">stamp collecting</a>, to reveal <a href="/wiki/Watermark" title="Watermark">watermarks</a> on postage stamps without damaging them. A small amount of the liquid is placed on the back of a stamp, sitting in a black glass or obsidian tray. The letters or design of the watermark can then be seen clearly. Today, this is done on lit tables without using carbon tetrachloride. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cleaning">Cleaning</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon_tetrachloride&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cleaning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Being a good solvent for many materials (such as grease and tar), carbon tetrachloride was widely used as a cleaning fluid for nearly 70 years. It is nonflammable and nonexplosive and did not leave any odour on the cleaned material, unlike <a href="/wiki/Gasoline" title="Gasoline">gasoline</a>, which was also used for cleaning at the time. It was used as a "safe" alternative to gasoline. It was first marketed as <b>Katharin</b>, in 1890<sup id="cite_ref-recommended_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-recommended-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or 1892<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as <b>Benzinoform</b> later. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Benzinoform_1912.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Benzinoform_1912.png/220px-Benzinoform_1912.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Benzinoform_1912.png/330px-Benzinoform_1912.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Benzinoform_1912.png/440px-Benzinoform_1912.png 2x" data-file-width="1139" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>German advertisement stamp for Benzinoform (carbon tetrachloride) stain remover, 1912</figcaption></figure> <p>Carbon tetrachloride was recommended for regularly cleaning the type slugs of typewriters in office settings in the 1940s.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Carbon tetrachloride was the first chlorinated solvent to be used in <a href="/wiki/Dry-cleaning" class="mw-redirect" title="Dry-cleaning">dry-cleaning</a> and was used until the 1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-drycleaning_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drycleaning-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It had the downsides of being corrosive to the dry-cleaning equipment and causing illness among dry-cleaning operators, and was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Trichloroethylene" title="Trichloroethylene">trichloroethylene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tetrachloroethylene" title="Tetrachloroethylene">tetrachloroethylene</a><sup id="cite_ref-drycleaning_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drycleaning-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Methyl_chloroform" class="mw-redirect" title="Methyl chloroform">methyl chloroform</a> (trichloroethane).<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Carbon tetrachloride was also used as an alternative to petrol (gasoline) in <a href="/wiki/Dry_shampoo" title="Dry shampoo">dry shampoos</a>, from the beginning of 1903 to the 1930s. Several women had fainted from its fumes during the hair wash in barber shops, the hairdressers often used <a href="/wiki/Electric_fan" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric fan">electric fans</a> to blow the fumes away. In 1909, a <a href="/wiki/Baronet" title="Baronet">baronet</a>'s daughter, Helenora Elphinstone-Dalrymple (aged 29), died after having her hair shampooed with carbon tetrachloride.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is assumed that carbon tetrachloride was still used as a dry cleaning solvent in <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a> as of 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medical_uses">Medical uses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon_tetrachloride&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Medical uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Anaesthetic_and_analgesic">Anaesthetic and analgesic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon_tetrachloride&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Anaesthetic and analgesic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Carbon tetrachloride was briefly used as a volatile inhalation anaesthetic and analgesic for intense <a href="/wiki/Menstruation" title="Menstruation">menstruation</a> pains and headaches in the mid-19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-p302_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p302-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its anaesthetic effects were known as early as 1847 or 1848.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was introduced as a safer alternative to <a href="/wiki/Chloroform" title="Chloroform">chloroform</a> by the doctor Protheroe Smith in 1864.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 1865, the Scottish obstetrician who discovered the anaesthetic effects of chloroform on humans, <a href="/wiki/James_Young_Simpson" title="James Young Simpson">James Young Simpson</a>, had experimented with carbon tetrachloride as an anaesthetic.<sup id="cite_ref-Bichloride_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bichloride-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Simpson named the compound "Chlorocarbon" for its similarity to chloroform. His experiments involved injecting carbon tetrachloride into two women's vaginas. Simpson orally consumed carbon tetrachloride and described it as having "the same effect as swallowing a capsule of chloroform".<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because of the higher amount of chlorine atoms (compared to chloroform) in its molecule, carbon tetrachloride has a stronger anaesthetic effect than chloroform and required a smaller amount.<sup id="cite_ref-p302_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p302-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its anaesthetic action was likened to <a href="/wiki/Diethyl_ether" title="Diethyl ether">ether</a>, rather than the related chloroform.<sup id="cite_ref-Bichloride_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bichloride-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is less volatile than chloroform, therefore it was more difficult to apply and needed warm water to evaporate.<sup id="cite_ref-Bichloride_55-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bichloride-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its smell has been described as "fruity",<sup id="cite_ref-Bichloride_55-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bichloride-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> quince-like<sup id="cite_ref-PSmith_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PSmith-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "more pleasant than chloroform",<sup id="cite_ref-p302_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p302-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and had a "pleasant taste".<sup id="cite_ref-Bichloride_55-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bichloride-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carbon tetrachloride for anaesthetic use was made by the chlorination of <a href="/wiki/Carbon_disulfide" title="Carbon disulfide">carbon disulfide</a>. It was used on at least 50 patients, of which most were women in labour.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During anaesthesia, carbon tetrachloride has caused such violent muscular contractions and negative effects on the heart in some patients that it had to be replaced with chloroform or ether.<sup id="cite_ref-Bichloride_55-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bichloride-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Andrews_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Andrews-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such use was experimental and the anaesthetic use of carbon tetrachloride never gained popularity due to its potential toxicity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Parasite_medication">Parasite medication</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon_tetrachloride&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Parasite medication"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Merck_Necatorina.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Merck_Necatorina.png/220px-Merck_Necatorina.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Merck_Necatorina.png/330px-Merck_Necatorina.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Merck_Necatorina.png/440px-Merck_Necatorina.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="1330" /></a><figcaption><i>No hay que desesperarse, la Necatorina salva</i> (do not despair, Necatorina saves) <br /> Advertisement for Merck's Necatorina, Colombia, 1942</figcaption></figure> <p>The veterinary doctor Maurice Crowther Hall (1881-1938) discovered in 1921 that carbon tetrachloride was incredibly effective as an anthelminthic in eradicating hookworm via ingestion. In one of the clinical trials of carbon tetrachloride, it was tested on criminals to determine its safety for use in human beings.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beginning in 1922, capsules of pure carbon tetrachloride were marketed by <a href="/wiki/Merck_Group" title="Merck Group">Merck</a> under the name <b>Necatorina</b> (variants include <b>Neo-necatorina</b> and <b>Necatorine</b>). Necatorina was used as a medication against parasitic diseases in humans. This medication was most prevalently used in <a href="/wiki/Latin_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin American">Latin American</a> countries.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its toxicity was not well understood at the time and toxic effects were attributed to impurities in the capsules rather than carbon tetrachloride itself.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to carbon tetrachloride's toxicity, <a href="/wiki/Tetrachloroethylene" title="Tetrachloroethylene">tetrachloroethylene</a> (which was also investigated by Hall in 1925) replaced its use as an anthelmintic by the 1940s.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Solvent">Solvent</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon_tetrachloride&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Solvent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It once was a popular <a href="/wiki/Solvent" title="Solvent">solvent</a> in organic chemistry, but because of its adverse health effects, it is rarely used today.<sup id="cite_ref-TemaNord_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TemaNord-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is sometimes useful as a solvent for <a href="/wiki/Infrared_spectroscopy" title="Infrared spectroscopy">infrared spectroscopy</a>, because there are no significant absorption bands above 1600 cm<sup>−1</sup>. Because carbon tetrachloride does not have any hydrogen atoms, it was historically used in proton <a href="/wiki/NMR_spectroscopy" class="mw-redirect" title="NMR spectroscopy">NMR spectroscopy</a>. In addition to being toxic, its dissolving power is low.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its use in NMR spectroscopy has been largely superseded by <a href="/wiki/Deuterated_solvents" class="mw-redirect" title="Deuterated solvents">deuterated solvents</a> (mainly <a href="/wiki/Deuterochloroform" class="mw-redirect" title="Deuterochloroform">deuterochloroform</a>). The use of carbon tetrachloride in the determination of oil has been replaced by various other solvents, such as <a href="/wiki/Tetrachloroethylene" title="Tetrachloroethylene">tetrachloroethylene</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TemaNord_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TemaNord-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because it has no C–H bonds, carbon tetrachloride does not easily undergo <a href="/wiki/Free-radical_reaction" title="Free-radical reaction">free-radical reactions</a>. It is a useful solvent for <a href="/wiki/Halogenation" title="Halogenation">halogenations</a> either by the elemental <a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">halogen</a> or by a halogenation reagent such as <a href="/wiki/N-Bromosuccinimide" title="N-Bromosuccinimide"><i>N</i>-bromosuccinimide</a> (these conditions are known as <a href="/wiki/Wohl%E2%80%93Ziegler_bromination" title="Wohl–Ziegler bromination">Wohl–Ziegler bromination</a>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fire_suppression">Fire suppression</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon_tetrachloride&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Fire suppression"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carbon_tetrachloride_1930s_fire_extinguisher.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Carbon_tetrachloride_1930s_fire_extinguisher.jpg/170px-Carbon_tetrachloride_1930s_fire_extinguisher.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Carbon_tetrachloride_1930s_fire_extinguisher.jpg/255px-Carbon_tetrachloride_1930s_fire_extinguisher.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Carbon_tetrachloride_1930s_fire_extinguisher.jpg/340px-Carbon_tetrachloride_1930s_fire_extinguisher.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>A brass Pyrene carbon tetrachloride fire extinguisher</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Snohomish_-_Blackman_House_Museum_-_Comet_fire_extinguisher_02A.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Snohomish_-_Blackman_House_Museum_-_Comet_fire_extinguisher_02A.jpg/220px-Snohomish_-_Blackman_House_Museum_-_Comet_fire_extinguisher_02A.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Snohomish_-_Blackman_House_Museum_-_Comet_fire_extinguisher_02A.jpg/330px-Snohomish_-_Blackman_House_Museum_-_Comet_fire_extinguisher_02A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Snohomish_-_Blackman_House_Museum_-_Comet_fire_extinguisher_02A.jpg/440px-Snohomish_-_Blackman_House_Museum_-_Comet_fire_extinguisher_02A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1930" data-file-height="1738" /></a><figcaption>A Red Comet brand glass globe ("fire grenade") containing carbon tetrachloride</figcaption></figure> <p>Between 1902 and 1908, carbon tetrachloride-based fire extinguishers began to appear in the United States, years after Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-recommended_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-recommended-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1910, the Pyrene Manufacturing Company of Delaware filed a patent to use carbon tetrachloride to extinguish fires.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The liquid was vaporized by the heat of combustion and extinguished flames, an early form of <a href="/wiki/Gaseous_fire_suppression" title="Gaseous fire suppression">gaseous fire suppression</a>. At the time it was believed the gas displaced oxygen in the area near the fire, but later research found that the gas inhibited the chemical chain reaction of the combustion process.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1911, Pyrene patented a small, portable extinguisher that used the chemical.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The extinguisher consisted of a <a href="/wiki/Brass" title="Brass">brass</a> bottle with an integrated hand-pump that was used to expel a jet of liquid toward the fire. As the container was unpressurized, it could easily be refilled after use.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carbon tetrachloride was suitable for liquid and electrical fires and the extinguishers were often carried on aircraft or motor vehicles. However, as early as 1920, there were reports of fatalities caused by the chemical when used to fight a fire in a confined space.<sup id="cite_ref-Fieldner_Katz_Kinney_1920_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fieldner_Katz_Kinney_1920-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the first half of the 20th century, another common fire extinguisher was a single-use, sealed glass globe, a "fire grenade, " filled with carbon tetrachloride or salt water. The bulb could be thrown at the base of the flames to quench the fire. The carbon tetrachloride type could also be installed in a spring-loaded wall fixture with a <a href="/wiki/Solder" title="Solder">solder</a>-based restraint. When the solder melted by high heat, the spring would either break the globe or launch it out of the bracket, allowing the extinguishing agent to be automatically dispersed into the fire.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since carbon tetrachloride freezes at –23 °C, the fire extinguishers would contain only 89-90% carbon tetrachloride and 10% <a href="/wiki/Trichloroethylene" title="Trichloroethylene">trichloroethylene</a> (<a href="/wiki/Melting_point" title="Melting point">m.p.</a> –85 °C) or <a href="/wiki/Chloroform" title="Chloroform">chloroform</a> (m.p. –63 °C) for lowering the extinguishing mixture's freezing point down to temperatures as low as –45 °C. The extinguishers with 10% trichloroethylene would contain 1% <a href="/wiki/Carbon_disulfide" title="Carbon disulfide">carbon disulfide</a> as a stabiliser.<sup id="cite_ref-recommended_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-recommended-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Refrigerants">Refrigerants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon_tetrachloride&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Refrigerants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prior to the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Protocol" title="Montreal Protocol">Montreal Protocol</a>, large quantities of carbon tetrachloride were used to produce the <a href="/wiki/Chlorofluorocarbon" title="Chlorofluorocarbon">chlorofluorocarbon</a> refrigerants R-11 (<a href="/wiki/Trichlorofluoromethane" title="Trichlorofluoromethane">trichlorofluoromethane</a>) and R-12 (<a href="/wiki/Dichlorodifluoromethane" title="Dichlorodifluoromethane">dichlorodifluoromethane</a>). However, these refrigerants play a role in <a href="/wiki/Ozone_depletion" title="Ozone depletion">ozone depletion</a> and have been phased out. Carbon tetrachloride is still used to manufacture less destructive refrigerants.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fumigant">Fumigant</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon_tetrachloride&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Fumigant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Carbon tetrachloride was widely used as a <a href="/wiki/Fumigant" class="mw-redirect" title="Fumigant">fumigant</a> to kill insect pests in stored grain.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was employed in a mixture known as 80/20, that was 80% carbon tetrachloride and 20% <a href="/wiki/Carbon_disulfide" title="Carbon disulfide">carbon disulfide</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">United States Environmental Protection Agency</a> banned its use in 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another carbon tetrachloride fumigant preparation mixture contained <a href="/wiki/Acrylonitrile" title="Acrylonitrile">acrylonitrile</a>. Carbon tetrachloride reduced the flammability of the mixture. Most common trade names for the preparation were <i>Acritet</i>, <i>Carbacryl</i> and <i>Acrylofume</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most common preparation, <i>Acritet</i>, was prepared with 34 percent acrylonitrile and 66 percent carbon tetrachloride.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society_and_culture">Society and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon_tetrachloride&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Society and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The French writer <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Daumal" title="René Daumal">René Daumal</a> intoxicated himself by inhalation of carbon tetrachloride which he used to kill the beetles he collected, to "encounter other worlds" by voluntarily plunging himself into intoxications close to comatose states.<sup id="cite_ref-Libe2011_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Libe2011-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Carbon tetrachloride is listed (along with <a href="/wiki/Salicylic_acid" title="Salicylic acid">salicylic acid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toluene" title="Toluene">toluene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sodium_tetraborate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sodium tetraborate">sodium tetraborate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silica_gel" title="Silica gel">silica gel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methanol" title="Methanol">methanol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potassium_carbonate" title="Potassium carbonate">potassium carbonate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethyl_acetate" title="Ethyl acetate">ethyl acetate</a> and "BHA") as an ingredient in Peter Parker's (<a href="/wiki/Spider-Man" title="Spider-Man">Spider-Man</a>) custom web fluid formula in the book <i>The Wakanda Files: A Technological Exploration of the Avengers and Beyond</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Australian YouTuber Tom of <i>Explosions&Fire</i> and <i>Extractions&Ire</i> made a video on extracting carbon tetrachloride from an old fire extinguisher in 2019,<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and later experimenting with it by mixing it with <a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">sodium</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the chemical gained a <a href="/wiki/Fan_base" class="mw-redirect" title="Fan base">fan base</a> called "<i>Tet Gang</i>" on social media (especially on <a href="/wiki/Reddit" title="Reddit">Reddit</a>). The channel owner later used carbon tetrachloride-themed designs in the channel's merch.</li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/Ramones" title="Ramones">Ramones</a> song "<a href="/wiki/Carbona_Not_Glue" title="Carbona Not Glue">Carbona Not Glue</a>" released in 1977, the narrator says that <a href="/wiki/Huffing" class="mw-redirect" title="Huffing">huffing</a> the vapours of <i>Carbona</i>, a carbon tetrachloride-based stain remover, was better than huffing glue. They later removed the song from the album as <a href="/wiki/Delta_Carbona_L.P." title="Delta Carbona L.P."><i>Carbona</i></a> was a corporate trademark.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Famous_deaths_from_carbon_tetrachloride_poisoning">Famous deaths from carbon tetrachloride poisoning</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon_tetrachloride&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Famous deaths from carbon tetrachloride poisoning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evalyn_Bostock" title="Evalyn Bostock">Evalyn Bostock</a> (1917–1944), British actress who died from accidentally drinking carbon tetrachloride after mistaking it for her drink while working in a photographic darkroom.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Edwards_(director)" title="Harry Edwards (director)">Harry Edwards</a> (1887–1952), an American director who died from carbon tetrachloride poisoning shortly after directing his first television production.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zilphia_Horton" title="Zilphia Horton">Zilphia Horton</a> (1910–1956), American musician and activist who died from accidentally drinking a glass full of carbon tetrachloride-based typewriter cleaning fluid that she mistook for water.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margo_Jones" title="Margo Jones">Margo Jones</a> (1911–1955), American stage director who was exposed to the fumes of carbon tetrachloride that was used to clean off paint from a carpet. She died a week later from kidney failure.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Beck_(record_producer)" title="Jim Beck (record producer)">Jim Beck</a> (1919–1956), American record producer, died after exposure to carbon tetrachloride fumes while cleaning recording equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Tucker_(singer)" title="Tommy Tucker (singer)">Tommy Tucker</a> (1933–1982), American blues singer, died after using carbon tetrachloride in floor refinishing.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon_tetrachloride&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CCl4_mm.png" class="mw-file-description" title="CCl4 measured by the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) in the lower atmosphere (troposphere) at stations around the world. Abundances are given as pollution-free monthly mean mole fractions in parts-per-trillion."><img alt="CCl4 measured by the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) in the lower atmosphere (troposphere) at stations around the world. Abundances are given as pollution-free monthly mean mole fractions in parts-per-trillion." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/CCl4_mm.png/120px-CCl4_mm.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/CCl4_mm.png/180px-CCl4_mm.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/CCl4_mm.png/240px-CCl4_mm.png 2x" data-file-width="3503" data-file-height="1977" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">CCl<sub>4</sub> measured by the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://agage.mit.edu/">AGAGE</a>) in the lower atmosphere (<a href="/wiki/Troposphere" title="Troposphere">troposphere</a>) at stations around the world. Abundances are given as pollution-free monthly mean mole fractions in <a href="/wiki/Parts-per_notation" title="Parts-per notation">parts-per-trillion</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hats_ccl4_global.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Hemispheric and Global mean concentrations of CCl4 (NOAA/ESRL)."><img alt="Hemispheric and Global mean concentrations of CCl4 (NOAA/ESRL)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Hats_ccl4_global.png/120px-Hats_ccl4_global.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Hats_ccl4_global.png/180px-Hats_ccl4_global.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Hats_ccl4_global.png/240px-Hats_ccl4_global.png 2x" data-file-width="695" data-file-height="406" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hemispheric and Global mean concentrations of CCl<sub>4</sub> (NOAA/ESRL).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AYool_CCl4_history.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Time-series of atmospheric concentrations of CCl4 (Walker et al., 2000)."><img alt="Time-series of atmospheric concentrations of CCl4 (Walker et al., 2000)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/AYool_CCl4_history.png/120px-AYool_CCl4_history.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/AYool_CCl4_history.png/180px-AYool_CCl4_history.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/AYool_CCl4_history.png/240px-AYool_CCl4_history.png 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="1450" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Time-series of atmospheric concentrations of CCl<sub>4</sub> (Walker <i>et al.</i>, 2000).</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon_tetrachloride&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Touloukian, Y.S., Liley, P.E., and Saxena, S.C. Thermophysical properties of matter - the TPRC data series. Volume 3. Thermal conductivity - nonmetallic liquids and gases. 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(1987), <i>The Properties of Gases and Liquids</i>, McGraw-Hill Book Company, p. 442, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-07-051799-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-07-051799-1"><bdi>0-07-051799-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Properties+of+Gases+and+Liquids&rft.pages=442&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Book+Company&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-07-051799-1&rft.aulast=Reid&rft.aufirst=Robert+C.&rft.au=Prausnitz%2C+John+M.&rft.au=Poling%2C+Bruce+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarbon+tetrachloride" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemeo.com/cid/64-699-6/Carbon%20tetrachloride.pdf">"Carbon tetrachloride"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Cheméo</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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He was a licensed real-estate broker and had been an amateur prize fighter as a young man.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Robert+Higginbotham%2C+Singer+Of+Blues+and+Jazz%2C+Dead+at+48&rft.date=1982-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1982%2F01%2F25%2Fnyregion%2Frobert-higginbotham-singer-of-blues-and-jazz-dead-at-48.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarbon+tetrachloride" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon_tetrachloride&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_lang=en&p_card_id=0024&p_version=2">International Chemical Safety Card 0024</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNIOSH_Pocket_Guide_to_Chemical_Hazards" class="citation web cs1">NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0107.html">"#0107"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health" title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health">National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</a> (NIOSH).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%230107&rft.pub=National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health+%28NIOSH%29&rft.au=NIOSH+Pocket+Guide+to+Chemical+Hazards&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fniosh%2Fnpg%2Fnpgd0107.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarbon+tetrachloride" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inchem.org/documents/iarc/vol71/011-carbontetrac.html">"Carbon Tetrachloride (Group 2B)"</a>. <i>International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) – Summaries & Evaluations</i>. <b>71</b>: 401. 1999.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Agency+for+Research+on+Cancer+%28IARC%29+%E2%80%93+Summaries+%26+Evaluations&rft.atitle=Carbon+Tetrachloride+%28Group+2B%29&rft.volume=71&rft.pages=401&rft.date=1999&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inchem.org%2Fdocuments%2Fiarc%2Fvol71%2F011-carbontetrac.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarbon+tetrachloride" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120318072903/http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol71/volume71.pdf">IARC Monograph: "Carbon Tetrachloride"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp30.pdf">Toxicological profile for carbon tetrachloride</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc208.htm">Environmental health criteria for carbon tetrachloride</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070314080434/http://ull.chemistry.uakron.edu/erd/Chemicals/7000/6256.html">Carbon tetrachloride MSDS at Hazardous Chemical Database</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120318171343/http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/eleventh/profiles/s029carb.pdf">Substance profile at ntp.niehs.nih.gov</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chemsub.online.fr/name/carbon_tetrachloride.html">ChemSub Online: Carbon tetrachloride</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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"}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Halomethanes" title="Template:Halomethanes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Halomethanes" title="Template talk:Halomethanes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Halomethanes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Halomethanes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Halomethanes229" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Halomethane" title="Halomethane">Halomethanes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Methane" title="Methane">Unsubstituted</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Methane" title="Methane">CH<sub>4</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monohalomethane" title="Monohalomethane">Monosubstituted</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fluoromethane" title="Fluoromethane">CH<sub>3</sub>F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloromethane" title="Chloromethane">CH<sub>3</sub>Cl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromomethane" title="Bromomethane">CH<sub>3</sub>Br</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iodomethane" title="Iodomethane">CH<sub>3</sub>I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Methyl_astatide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Methyl astatide (page does not exist)">CH<sub>3</sub>At</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dihalomethane" title="Dihalomethane">Disubstituted</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Difluoromethane" title="Difluoromethane">CH<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorofluoromethane" title="Chlorofluoromethane">CH<sub>2</sub>ClF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromofluoromethane" title="Bromofluoromethane">CH<sub>2</sub>BrF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluoroiodomethane" title="Fluoroiodomethane">CH<sub>2</sub>FI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dichloromethane" title="Dichloromethane">CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromochloromethane" title="Bromochloromethane">CH<sub>2</sub>BrCl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloroiodomethane" title="Chloroiodomethane">CH<sub>2</sub>ClI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dibromomethane" title="Dibromomethane">CH<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromoiodomethane" title="Bromoiodomethane">CH<sub>2</sub>BrI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diiodomethane" title="Diiodomethane">CH<sub>2</sub>I<sub>2</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trihalomethane" title="Trihalomethane">Trisubstituted</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fluoroform" title="Fluoroform">CHF<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorodifluoromethane" title="Chlorodifluoromethane">CHClF<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromodifluoromethane" title="Bromodifluoromethane">CHBrF<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Difluoroiodomethane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Difluoroiodomethane (page does not exist)">CHF<sub>2</sub>I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dichlorofluoromethane" title="Dichlorofluoromethane">CHCl<sub>2</sub>F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromochlorofluoromethane" title="Bromochlorofluoromethane">C*HBrClF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chlorofluoroiodomethane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chlorofluoroiodomethane (page does not exist)">C*HClFI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dibromofluoromethane" title="Dibromofluoromethane">CHBr<sub>2</sub>F</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bromofluoroiodomethane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bromofluoroiodomethane (page does not exist)">C*HBrFI</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluorodiiodomethane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluorodiiodomethane (page does not exist)">CHFI<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloroform" title="Chloroform">CHCl<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromodichloromethane" title="Bromodichloromethane">CHBrCl<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dichloroiodomethane" title="Dichloroiodomethane">CHCl<sub>2</sub>I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dibromochloromethane" title="Dibromochloromethane">CHBr<sub>2</sub>Cl</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bromochloroiodomethane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bromochloroiodomethane (page does not exist)">C*HBrClI</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chlorodiiodomethane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chlorodiiodomethane (page does not exist)">CHClI<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromoform" title="Bromoform">CHBr<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dibromoiodomethane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dibromoiodomethane (page does not exist)">CHBr<sub>2</sub>I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bromodiiodomethane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bromodiiodomethane (page does not exist)">CHBrI<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iodoform" title="Iodoform">CHI<sub>3</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tetrahalomethane" title="Tetrahalomethane">Tetrasubstituted</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tetrafluoromethane" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetrafluoromethane">CF<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorotrifluoromethane" title="Chlorotrifluoromethane">CClF<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromotrifluoromethane" title="Bromotrifluoromethane">CBrF<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trifluoroiodomethane" title="Trifluoroiodomethane">CF<sub>3</sub>I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dichlorodifluoromethane" title="Dichlorodifluoromethane">CCl<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromochlorodifluoromethane" title="Bromochlorodifluoromethane">CBrClF<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chlorodifluoroiodomethane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chlorodifluoroiodomethane (page does not exist)">CClF<sub>2</sub>I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dibromodifluoromethane" title="Dibromodifluoromethane">CBr<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bromodifluoroiodomethane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bromodifluoroiodomethane (page does not exist)">CBrF<sub>2</sub>I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Difluorodiiodomethane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Difluorodiiodomethane (page does not exist)">CF<sub>2</sub>I<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichlorofluoromethane" title="Trichlorofluoromethane">CCl<sub>3</sub>F</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bromodichlorofluoromethane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bromodichlorofluoromethane (page does not exist)">CBrCl<sub>2</sub>F</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dichlorofluoroiodomethane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dichlorofluoroiodomethane (page does not exist)">CCl<sub>2</sub>FI</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dibromochlorofluoromethane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dibromochlorofluoromethane (page does not exist)">CBr<sub>2</sub>ClF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromochlorofluoroiodomethane" title="Bromochlorofluoroiodomethane">C*BrClFI</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chlorofluorodiiodomethane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chlorofluorodiiodomethane (page does not exist)">CClFI<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribromofluoromethane" title="Tribromofluoromethane">CBr<sub>3</sub>F</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dibromofluoroiodomethane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dibromofluoroiodomethane (page does not exist)">CBr<sub>2</sub>FI</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bromofluorodiiodomethane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bromofluorodiiodomethane (page does not exist)">CBrFI<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorotriiodomethane" title="Fluorotriiodomethane">CFI<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">CCl<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bromotrichloromethane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bromotrichloromethane (page does not exist)">CBrCl<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trichloroiodomethane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trichloroiodomethane (page does not exist)">CCl<sub>3</sub>I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dibromodichloromethane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dibromodichloromethane (page does not exist)">CBr<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bromodichloroiodomethane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bromodichloroiodomethane (page does not exist)">CBrCl<sub>2</sub>I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dichlorodiiodomethane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dichlorodiiodomethane (page does not exist)">CCl<sub>2</sub>I<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tribromochloromethane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tribromochloromethane (page does not exist)">CBr<sub>3</sub>Cl</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dibromochloroiodomethane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dibromochloroiodomethane (page does not exist)">CBr<sub>2</sub>ClI</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bromochlorodiiodomethane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bromochlorodiiodomethane (page does not exist)">CBrClI<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chlorotriiodomethane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chlorotriiodomethane (page does not exist)">CClI<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrabromomethane" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetrabromomethane">CBr<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tribromoiodomethane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tribromoiodomethane (page does not exist)">CBr<sub>3</sub>I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dibromodiiodomethane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dibromodiiodomethane (page does not exist)">CBr<sub>2</sub>I<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bromotriiodomethane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bromotriiodomethane (page does not exist)">CBrI<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_tetraiodide" title="Carbon tetraiodide">CI<sub>4</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>* <a href="/wiki/Chirality_(chemistry)" title="Chirality (chemistry)">Chiral</a> compound.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Inorganic_compounds_of_carbon_and_related_ions134" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Inorganic_compounds_of_carbon" title="Template:Inorganic compounds of carbon"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Inorganic_compounds_of_carbon" title="Template talk:Inorganic compounds of carbon"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Inorganic_compounds_of_carbon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Inorganic compounds of carbon"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Inorganic_compounds_of_carbon_and_related_ions134" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_inorganic_compounds" title="List of inorganic compounds">Inorganic compounds of</a> <a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">carbon</a> and related ions</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compounds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_monofluoride" title="Carbon monofluoride">CF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_monoxide" title="Carbon monoxide">CO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">CO<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_trioxide" title="Carbon trioxide">CO<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_tetroxide" title="Carbon tetroxide">CO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_pentoxide" title="Carbon pentoxide">CO<sub>5</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_hexoxide" title="Carbon hexoxide">CO<sub>6</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbonyl_sulfide" title="Carbonyl sulfide">COS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_monosulfide" title="Carbon monosulfide">CS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethenedithione" title="Ethenedithione">C<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_disulfide" title="Carbon disulfide">CS<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_diselenide" title="Carbon diselenide">CSe<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_suboxide" title="Carbon suboxide">C<sub>3</sub>O<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_subsulfide" title="Carbon subsulfide">C<sub>3</sub>S<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_carbide" title="Silicon carbide">SiC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Carbon ions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbide" title="Carbide">Carbides</a> [:C≡C:]<sup>2−</sup>, [::C::]<sup>4−</sup>, [:C=C=C:]<sup>4−</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanide" title="Cyanide">Cyanide</a> [:C≡N:]<sup>−</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanate" title="Cyanate">Cyanate</a> [:O−C≡N:]<sup>−</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiocyanate" title="Thiocyanate">Thiocyanate</a> [:S−C≡N:]<sup>−</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulminate" title="Fulminate">Fulminate</a> [:C≡N−O:]<sup>−</sup></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27110079" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q27110079">Thiofulminate</a> [:C≡N−S:]<sup>−</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nanostructures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Graphite_intercalation_compounds" class="mw-redirect" title="Graphite intercalation compounds">Graphite intercalation compounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulleride" title="Fulleride">Fullerides</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oxides and related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oxocarbon" title="Oxocarbon">Oxides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_nitride" title="Carbon nitride">Nitrides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_carbonyl" title="Metal carbonyl">Metal carbonyls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbonic_acid" title="Carbonic acid">Carbonic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicarbonate" title="Bicarbonate">Bicarbonates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbonate" title="Carbonate">Carbonates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Salts_and_covalent_derivatives_of_the_chloride_ion136" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;table-layout:fixed;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chlorides" title="Template:Chlorides"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chlorides" title="Template talk:Chlorides"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chlorides" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chlorides"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Salts_and_covalent_derivatives_of_the_chloride_ion136" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Salts and covalent derivatives of the <a href="/wiki/Chloride" title="Chloride">chloride</a> ion</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"><div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="overflow-x:auto"> <table class="center"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_chloride" title="Hydrogen chloride">HCl</a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;color:inherit;border:none"> </td> <td style="background-color:white;color:inherit;border:none" colspan="11" rowspan="3"> </td> <td style="background-color:white;color:inherit;border:none" colspan="5"> </td> <td>He </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;color:black;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Lithium_chloride" title="Lithium chloride">LiCl</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beryllium_chloride" title="Beryllium chloride">BeCl<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boron_trichloride#Reduction" title="Boron trichloride">B<sub>4</sub>Cl<sub>4</sub></a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dodecaboron_dodecachloride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dodecaboron dodecachloride (page does not exist)">B<sub>12</sub>Cl<sub>12</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Boron_trichloride" title="Boron trichloride">BCl<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Diboron_tetrachloride" title="Diboron tetrachloride">B<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>4</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Borate_chloride" title="Borate chloride">+BO<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dichloroacetylene" title="Dichloroacetylene">C<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tetrachloroethylene" title="Tetrachloroethylene">C<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>4</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Hexachloroethane" title="Hexachloroethane">C<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>6</sub></a><br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">CCl<sub>4</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Carbide_chloride" title="Carbide chloride">+C</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Carbonate_chloride" title="Carbonate chloride">+CO<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_trichloride" title="Nitrogen trichloride">NCl<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chlorine_azide" title="Chlorine azide">ClN<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nitride_chloride" title="Nitride chloride">+N</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nitrate_chlorides" title="Nitrate chlorides">+NO<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chlorine_oxide" title="Chlorine oxide">Cl<sub>x</sub>O<sub>y</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Dichlorine_monoxide" title="Dichlorine monoxide">Cl<sub>2</sub>O</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chlorine_peroxide" title="Chlorine peroxide">Cl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chlorine_monoxide" title="Chlorine monoxide">ClO</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chlorine_dioxide" title="Chlorine dioxide">ClO<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chlorine_perchlorate" title="Chlorine perchlorate">Cl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chloryl_perchlorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Chloryl perchlorate">Cl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Dichlorine_heptoxide" title="Dichlorine heptoxide">Cl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chlorine_tetroxide" title="Chlorine tetroxide">ClO<sub>4</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Oxychloride" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxychloride">+O</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chlorine_monofluoride" title="Chlorine monofluoride">ClF</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chlorine_trifluoride" title="Chlorine trifluoride">ClF<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chlorine_pentafluoride" title="Chlorine pentafluoride">ClF<sub>5</sub></a> </td> <td>Ne </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;color:black;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Sodium_chloride" title="Sodium chloride">NaCl</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_chloride" title="Magnesium chloride">MgCl<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_monochloride" title="Aluminium monochloride">AlCl</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_chloride" title="Aluminium chloride">AlCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dodecachloroneopentasilane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dodecachloroneopentasilane (page does not exist)">Si<sub>5</sub>Cl<sub>12</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Hexachlorodisilane" title="Hexachlorodisilane">Si<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>6</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Silicon_tetrachloride" title="Silicon tetrachloride">SiCl<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Diphosphorus_tetrachloride" title="Diphosphorus tetrachloride">P<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>4</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus_trichloride" title="Phosphorus trichloride">PCl<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus_pentachloride" title="Phosphorus pentachloride">PCl<sub>5</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Phosphide_chloride" title="Phosphide chloride">+P</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Disulfur_dichloride" title="Disulfur dichloride">S<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sulfur_dichloride" title="Sulfur dichloride">SCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sulfur_tetrachloride" title="Sulfur tetrachloride">SCl<sub>4</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sulfate_chloride" title="Sulfate chloride">+SO<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">Cl<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td>Ar </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;color:black;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Potassium_chloride" title="Potassium chloride">KCl</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Calcium(I)_chloride" title="Calcium(I) chloride">CaCl</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Calcium_chloride" title="Calcium chloride">CaCl<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;color:inherit;border:none"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scandium_chloride" title="Scandium chloride">ScCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Titanium(II)_chloride" title="Titanium(II) chloride">TiCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Titanium(III)_chloride" title="Titanium(III) chloride">TiCl<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Titanium_tetrachloride" title="Titanium tetrachloride">TiCl<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vanadium(II)_chloride" title="Vanadium(II) chloride">VCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Vanadium(III)_chloride" title="Vanadium(III) chloride">VCl<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Vanadium_tetrachloride" title="Vanadium tetrachloride">VCl<sub>4</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Vanadium(V)_chloride" title="Vanadium(V) chloride">VCl<sub>5</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chromium(II)_chloride" title="Chromium(II) chloride">CrCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chromium(III)_chloride" title="Chromium(III) chloride">CrCl<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chromium(IV)_chloride" title="Chromium(IV) chloride">CrCl<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manganese(II)_chloride" title="Manganese(II) chloride">MnCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Manganese(III)_chloride" title="Manganese(III) chloride">MnCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iron(II)_chloride" title="Iron(II) chloride">FeCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Iron(III)_chloride" title="Iron(III) chloride">FeCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cobalt(II)_chloride" title="Cobalt(II) chloride">CoCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cobalt(III)_chloride" title="Cobalt(III) chloride">CoCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nickel(II)_chloride" title="Nickel(II) chloride">NiCl<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Copper(I)_chloride" title="Copper(I) chloride">CuCl</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Copper(II)_chloride" title="Copper(II) chloride">CuCl<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zinc_chloride" title="Zinc chloride">ZnCl<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallium_monochloride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gallium monochloride (page does not exist)">GaCl</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Gallium_trichloride" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallium trichloride">GaCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Germanium_dichloride" title="Germanium dichloride">GeCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Germanium_tetrachloride" title="Germanium tetrachloride">GeCl<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arsenic_trichloride" title="Arsenic trichloride">AsCl<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Arsenic_pentachloride" title="Arsenic pentachloride">AsCl<sub>5</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Arsenide_chloride" title="Arsenide chloride">+As</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Selenium_monochloride" title="Selenium monochloride">Se<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Selenium_dichloride" title="Selenium dichloride">SeCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Selenium_tetrachloride" title="Selenium tetrachloride">SeCl<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bromine_monochloride" title="Bromine monochloride">BrCl</a> </td> <td>Kr </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;color:black;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Rubidium_chloride" title="Rubidium chloride">RbCl</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Strontium_chloride" title="Strontium chloride">SrCl<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;color:inherit;border:none"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yttrium(III)_chloride" title="Yttrium(III) chloride">YCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zirconium(II)_chloride" class="mw-redirect" title="Zirconium(II) chloride">ZrCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Zirconium(III)_chloride" title="Zirconium(III) chloride">ZrCl<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Zirconium(IV)_chloride" title="Zirconium(IV) chloride">ZrCl<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Niobium(III)_chloride" title="Niobium(III) chloride">NbCl<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Niobium(IV)_chloride" title="Niobium(IV) chloride">NbCl<sub>4</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Niobium(V)_chloride" title="Niobium(V) chloride">NbCl<sub>5</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum(II)_chloride" title="Molybdenum(II) chloride">MoCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum(III)_chloride" title="Molybdenum(III) chloride">MoCl<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum_tetrachloride" title="Molybdenum tetrachloride">MoCl<sub>4</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum(V)_chloride" title="Molybdenum(V) chloride">MoCl<sub>5</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum(VI)_chloride" title="Molybdenum(VI) chloride">MoCl<sub>6</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Technetium_trichloride" class="mw-redirect" title="Technetium trichloride">TcCl<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Technetium(IV)_chloride" title="Technetium(IV) chloride">TcCl<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium(II)_chloride" title="Ruthenium(II) chloride">RuCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium(III)_chloride" title="Ruthenium(III) chloride">RuCl<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium_tetrachloride" title="Ruthenium tetrachloride">RuCl<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rhodium(III)_chloride" title="Rhodium(III) chloride">RhCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Palladium(II)_chloride" title="Palladium(II) chloride">PdCl<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Silver_chloride" title="Silver chloride">AgCl</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cadmium_chloride" title="Cadmium chloride">CdCl<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indium(I)_chloride" title="Indium(I) chloride">InCl</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Indium(II)_chloride" title="Indium(II) chloride">InCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Indium(III)_chloride" title="Indium(III) chloride">InCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tin(II)_chloride" title="Tin(II) chloride">SnCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tin(IV)_chloride" title="Tin(IV) chloride">SnCl<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antimony_trichloride" title="Antimony trichloride">SbCl<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Antimony_pentachloride" title="Antimony pentachloride">SbCl<sub>5</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tritellurium_dichloride" title="Tritellurium dichloride">Te<sub>3</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tellurium_dichloride" title="Tellurium dichloride">TeCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tellurium_tetrachloride" title="Tellurium tetrachloride">TeCl<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iodine_monochloride" title="Iodine monochloride">ICl</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Iodine_trichloride" title="Iodine trichloride">ICl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xenon_monochloride" title="Xenon monochloride">XeCl</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Xenon_dichloride" title="Xenon dichloride">XeCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Xenon_tetrachloride" title="Xenon tetrachloride">XeCl<sub>4</sub></a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;color:black;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Caesium_chloride" title="Caesium chloride">CsCl</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barium_chloride" title="Barium chloride">BaCl<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;color:inherit;border:none">* </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lutetium(III)_chloride" title="Lutetium(III) chloride">LuCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hafnium_tetrachloride" title="Hafnium tetrachloride">HfCl<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tantalum(III)_chloride" title="Tantalum(III) chloride">TaCl<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tantalum(IV)_chloride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tantalum(IV) chloride (page does not exist)">TaCl<sub>4</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tantalum(V)_chloride" title="Tantalum(V) chloride">TaCl<sub>5</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tungsten(II)_chloride" title="Tungsten(II) chloride">WCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tungsten(III)_chloride" title="Tungsten(III) chloride">WCl<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tungsten(IV)_chloride" title="Tungsten(IV) chloride">WCl<sub>4</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tungsten(V)_chloride" title="Tungsten(V) chloride">WCl<sub>5</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tungsten_hexachloride" title="Tungsten hexachloride">WCl<sub>6</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rhenium(III)_chloride" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhenium(III) chloride">ReCl<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Rhenium(IV)_chloride" title="Rhenium(IV) chloride">ReCl<sub>4</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Rhenium_pentachloride" title="Rhenium pentachloride">ReCl<sub>5</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Rhenium(VI)_chloride" title="Rhenium(VI) chloride">ReCl<sub>6</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Osmium(II)_chloride" title="Osmium(II) chloride">OsCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Osmium(III)_chloride" title="Osmium(III) chloride">OsCl<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Osmium(IV)_chloride" title="Osmium(IV) chloride">OsCl<sub>4</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Osmium(V)_chloride" title="Osmium(V) chloride">OsCl<sub>5</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iridium(II)_chloride" title="Iridium(II) chloride">IrCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Iridium(III)_chloride" title="Iridium(III) chloride">IrCl<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Iridium_tetrachloride" title="Iridium tetrachloride">IrCl<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Platinum(II)_chloride" title="Platinum(II) chloride">PtCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Platinum(IV)_chloride" title="Platinum(IV) chloride">PtCl<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gold(I)_chloride" title="Gold(I) chloride">AuCl</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Gold(I,III)_chloride" title="Gold(I,III) chloride">(Au[AuCl<sub>4</sub>])<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Gold(III)_chloride" title="Gold(III) chloride">AuCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mercury(I)_chloride" title="Mercury(I) chloride">Hg<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mercury(II)_chloride" title="Mercury(II) chloride">HgCl<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thallium(I)_chloride" title="Thallium(I) chloride">TlCl</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Thallium_trichloride" class="mw-redirect" title="Thallium trichloride">TlCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lead(II)_chloride" title="Lead(II) chloride">PbCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lead(IV)_chloride" title="Lead(IV) chloride">PbCl<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bismuth_chloride" title="Bismuth chloride">BiCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polonium_dichloride" title="Polonium dichloride">PoCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Polonium_tetrachloride" title="Polonium tetrachloride">PoCl<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Astatine_monochloride" class="mw-redirect" title="Astatine monochloride">AtCl</a> </td> <td>Rn </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;color:black;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Francium_chloride" title="Francium chloride">FrCl</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Radium_chloride" title="Radium chloride">RaCl<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;color:inherit;border:none">** </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium#Chemical" title="Lawrencium">LrCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium#Experimental_chemistry" title="Rutherfordium">RfCl<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dubnium#Experimental_chemistry" title="Dubnium">DbCl<sub>5</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium#Experimental_chemistry" title="Seaborgium">SgO<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bohrium#Experimental_chemistry" title="Bohrium">BhO<sub>3</sub>Cl</a> </td> <td>Hs </td> <td>Mt </td> <td>Ds </td> <td>Rg </td> <td>Cn </td> <td>Nh </td> <td>Fl </td> <td>Mc </td> <td>Lv </td> <td>Ts </td> <td>Og </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:white;color:inherit;border:none" colspan="2" rowspan="3"> </td> <td style="background-color:white;color:inherit;border:none" colspan="20">  </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;color:black;"> <td style="background-color:white;color:inherit;border:none">* </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum(III)_chloride" title="Lanthanum(III) chloride">LaCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cerium(III)_chloride" title="Cerium(III) chloride">CeCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium(III)_chloride" title="Praseodymium(III) chloride">PrCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neodymium(II)_chloride" title="Neodymium(II) chloride">NdCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Neodymium(III)_chloride" title="Neodymium(III) chloride">NdCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Promethium(III)_chloride" title="Promethium(III) chloride">PmCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samarium(II)_chloride" title="Samarium(II) chloride">SmCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Samarium(III)_chloride" title="Samarium(III) chloride">SmCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Europium_dichloride" class="mw-redirect" title="Europium dichloride">EuCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Europium(III)_chloride" title="Europium(III) chloride">EuCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium(III)_chloride" title="Gadolinium(III) chloride">GdCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Terbium(III)_chloride" title="Terbium(III) chloride">TbCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium(II)_chloride" title="Dysprosium(II) chloride">DyCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium(III)_chloride" title="Dysprosium(III) chloride">DyCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Holmium(III)_chloride" title="Holmium(III) chloride">HoCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Erbium(III)_chloride" title="Erbium(III) chloride">ErCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thulium(II)_chloride" title="Thulium(II) chloride">TmCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Thulium(III)_chloride" title="Thulium(III) chloride">TmCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium(II)_chloride" title="Ytterbium(II) chloride">YbCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium(III)_chloride" title="Ytterbium(III) chloride">YbCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;color:black;"> <td style="background-color:white;color:inherit;border:none">** </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Actinium(III)_chloride" title="Actinium(III) chloride">AcCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thorium(III)_chloride" class="mw-redirect" title="Thorium(III) chloride">ThCl<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Thorium(IV)_chloride" title="Thorium(IV) chloride">ThCl<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Protactinium(IV)_chloride" title="Protactinium(IV) chloride">PaCl<sub>4</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Protactinium(V)_chloride" title="Protactinium(V) chloride">PaCl<sub>5</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Uranium(III)_chloride" title="Uranium(III) chloride">UCl<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Uranium_tetrachloride" title="Uranium tetrachloride">UCl<sub>4</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Uranium_pentachloride" title="Uranium pentachloride">UCl<sub>5</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Uranium_hexachloride" title="Uranium hexachloride">UCl<sub>6</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neptunium(III)_chloride" title="Neptunium(III) chloride">NpCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plutonium(III)_chloride" title="Plutonium(III) chloride">PuCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Americium(II)_chloride" title="Americium(II) chloride">AmCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Americium(III)_chloride" title="Americium(III) chloride">AmCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Curium(III)_chloride" title="Curium(III) chloride">CmCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Berkelium(III)_chloride" title="Berkelium(III) chloride">BkCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Californium(III)_chloride" title="Californium(III) chloride">CfCl<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Californium_dichloride" title="Californium dichloride"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">CfCl<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium(II)_chloride" title="Einsteinium(II) chloride">EsCl<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium(III)_chloride" title="Einsteinium(III) chloride">EsCl<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fermium#Chemistry" title="Fermium">FmCl<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium#Chemical" title="Mendelevium">MdCl<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nobelium#Chemical" title="Nobelium">NoCl<sub>2</sub></a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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