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plasma</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: spark plasma"> <meta name="keywords" content="spark plasma"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="spark plasma"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1119</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: spark plasma</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1119</span> The Effects of Spark Plasma on Infectious Wound Healing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erfan%20Ghasemi">Erfan Ghasemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammadreza%20Khani"> Mohammadreza Khani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamidreza%20Mahmoudi"> Hamidreza Mahmoudi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Ali%20Nilforoushzadeh"> Mohammad Ali Nilforoushzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babak%20Shokri"> Babak Shokri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pouria%20Akbartehrani"> Pouria Akbartehrani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Given the global significance of treating infectious wounds, the goal of this study is to use spark plasma as a new treatment for infectious wounds. To generate spark plasma, a high-voltage (7 kV) and high-frequency (75 kHz) source was used. Infectious wounds in the peritoneum of mice were divided into control and plasma-treated groups at random. The plasma-treated animals received plasma radiation every 4 days for 12 days, for 60 seconds each time. On the 15th day after the first session, the wound in the plasma-treated group had completely healed. The spectra of spark plasma emission and tissue properties were studied. The mechanical resistance of the wound healed in the plasma treatment group was considerably higher than in the control group (p<0.05), according to the findings. Furthermore, histological evidence suggests that wound re-epithelialization is faster in comparison to controls. Angiogenesis and fibrosis (collagen production) were also dramatically boosted in the plasma-treated group, whereas the stage of wound healing inflammation was significantly reduced. Plasma therapy accelerated wound healing by causing considerable wound constriction. The results of this investigation show that spark plasma has an influence on the treatment of infectious wounds. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infectious%20wounds" title="infectious wounds">infectious wounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mice" title=" mice"> mice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spark%20plasma" title=" spark plasma"> spark plasma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=treatment" title=" treatment"> treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140938/the-effects-of-spark-plasma-on-infectious-wound-healing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140938.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1118</span> Mechanical Properties of Spark Plasma Sintered 2024 AA Reinforced with TiB₂ and Nano Yttrium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suresh%20Vidyasagar%20Chevuri">Suresh Vidyasagar Chevuri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20B.%20Karunakar%20Chevuri"> D. B. Karunakar Chevuri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main advantages of 'Metal Matrix Nano Composites (MMNCs)' include excellent mechanical performance, good wear resistance, low creep rate, etc. The method of fabrication of MMNCs is quite a challenge, which includes processing techniques like Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS), etc. The objective of the present work is to fabricate aluminum based MMNCs with the addition of small amounts of yttrium using Spark Plasma Sintering and to evaluate their mechanical and microstructure properties. Samples of 2024 AA with yttrium ranging from 0.1% to 0.5 wt% keeping 1 wt% TiB2 constant are fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). The mechanical property like hardness is determined using Vickers hardness testing machine. The metallurgical characterization of the samples is evaluated by Optical Microscopy (OM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Unreinforced 2024 AA sample is also fabricated as a benchmark to compare its properties with that of the composite developed. It is found that the yttrium addition increases the above-mentioned properties to some extent and then decreases gradually when yttrium wt% increases beyond a point between 0.3 and 0.4 wt%. High density is achieved in the samples fabricated by spark plasma sintering when compared to any other fabrication route, and uniform distribution of yttrium is observed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spark%20plasma%20sintering" title="spark plasma sintering">spark plasma sintering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2024%20AA" title=" 2024 AA"> 2024 AA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yttrium%20addition" title=" yttrium addition"> yttrium addition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure%20characterization" title=" microstructure characterization"> microstructure characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65503/mechanical-properties-of-spark-plasma-sintered-2024-aa-reinforced-with-tib2-and-nano-yttrium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65503.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">224</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1117</span> Spark Plasma Sintering of Aluminum-Based Composites Reinforced by Nanocrystalline Carbon-Coated Intermetallic Particles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Z.%20Manuel">B. Z. Manuel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20D.%20Esmeralda"> H. D. Esmeralda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20S.%20Felipe"> H. S. Felipe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20R.%20H%C3%A9ctor"> D. R. Héctor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20de%20la%20Torre%20Sebasti%C3%A1n"> D. de la Torre Sebastián</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20L.%20Diego"> R. L. Diego</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aluminum Matrix Composites reinforced with nanocrystalline Ni3Al carbon-coated intermetallic particles, were synthesized by powder metallurgy. Powder mixture of aluminum with 0.5-volume fraction of reinforcement particles was compacted by spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique and the compared with conventional sintering process. The better results for SPS technique were obtained in 520ºC-5kN-3min.The hardness (70.5±8 HV) and the elastic modulus (95 GPa) were evaluated in function of sintering conditions for SPS technique; it was found that the incorporation of these kind of reinforcement particles in aluminum matrix improve its mechanical properties. The densities were about 94% and 97% of the theoretical density. The carbon coating avoided the interfacial reaction between matrix-particle at high temperature (520°C) without show composition change either intermetallic dissolution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminum%20matrix%20composites" title="aluminum matrix composites">aluminum matrix composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intermetallics" title=" intermetallics"> intermetallics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spark%20plasma%20sintering" title=" spark plasma sintering"> spark plasma sintering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocrystalline" title=" nanocrystalline"> nanocrystalline</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6545/spark-plasma-sintering-of-aluminum-based-composites-reinforced-by-nanocrystalline-carbon-coated-intermetallic-particles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6545.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">452</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1116</span> Novel Ti/Al-Cr-Fe Metal Matrix Composites Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering with Excellent Wear Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruitao%20Li">Ruitao Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhili%20Dong"> Zhili Dong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nay%20Win%20Khun"> Nay Win Khun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khiam%20Aik%20Khor"> Khiam Aik Khor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, microstructure and sintering mechanism as well as wear resistance properties of Ti/Al-Cr-Fe metal matrix composites (MMCs) fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) with Ti as matrix and Al-Cr-Fe as reinforcement were investigated. Phases and microstructure of the sintered samples were analyzed using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Wear resistance properties were tested by ball-on-disk method. An Al3Ti ring forms around each Al-Cr-Fe particle as the bonding layer between Ti and Al-Cr-Fe particles. The Al content in Al-Cr-Fe particles experiences a decrease from 70 at.% to 60 at.% in the sintering process. And these particles consist of quasicrystalline icosahedral AlCrFe and quasicrystal approximants γ-brass Al8(Cr,Fe)5 and Al9(Cr,Fe)4 in the sintered compact. The addition of Al-Cr-Fe particles into the Ti matrix can improve the microhardness by about 40% and the wear resistance is improved by more than 50% due to the increase in the microhardness and the change of wear mechanism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20matrix%20composites" title="metal matrix composites">metal matrix composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spark%20plasma%20sintering" title=" spark plasma sintering"> spark plasma sintering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20transformation" title=" phase transformation"> phase transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wear" title=" wear"> wear</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9410/novel-tial-cr-fe-metal-matrix-composites-prepared-by-spark-plasma-sintering-with-excellent-wear-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9410.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">421</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1115</span> High Temperature Oxidation Resistance of NiCrAl Bond Coat Produced by Spark Plasma Sintering as Thermal Barrier Coatings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Folorunso%20Omoniyi">Folorunso Omoniyi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Olubambi">Peter Olubambi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rotimi%20Sadiku"> Rotimi Sadiku</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thermal barrier coating (TBC) system is used in both aero engines and other gas turbines to offer oxidation protection to superalloy substrate component. In the present work, it shows the ability of a new fabrication technique to develop rapidly new coating composition and microstructure. The compact powders were prepared by Powder Metallurgy method involving powder mixing and the bond coat was synthesized through the application of Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) at 10500C to produce a fully dense (97%) NiCrAl bulk samples. The influence of sintering temperature on the hardness of NiCrAl, done by Micro Vickers hardness tester, was investigated. And Oxidation test was carried out at 1100oC for 20h, 40h, and 100h. The resulting coat was characterized with optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDAX) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Micro XRD analysis after the oxidation test revealed the formation of protective oxides and non-protective oxides. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-temperature%20oxidation" title="high-temperature oxidation">high-temperature oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=powder%20metallurgy" title=" powder metallurgy"> powder metallurgy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spark%20plasma%20sintering" title=" spark plasma sintering"> spark plasma sintering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20barrier%20coating" title=" thermal barrier coating"> thermal barrier coating</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34130/high-temperature-oxidation-resistance-of-nicral-bond-coat-produced-by-spark-plasma-sintering-as-thermal-barrier-coatings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34130.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">504</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1114</span> Microstructures and Mechanical Property of ti6al4v - a Comparison between Selective Laser Melting, Electron Beam Melting and Spark Plasma Sintering </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javad%20Karimi">Javad Karimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prashanth%20Konda%20Gokuldoss"> Prashanth Konda Gokuldoss</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microstructural inhomogeneity in additively manufactured materials affects the material properties. The present study aims in minimizing such microstructural inhomogeneity in Ti6Al4V alloy fabricated using selective laser melting (SLM) from the gas atomized powder. A detailed and systematic study of the effect of remelting on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V manufactured by SLM was compared with electron beam melting and spark plasma sintering. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=additive%20manufacturing" title="additive manufacturing">additive manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selective%20laser%20melting" title=" selective laser melting"> selective laser melting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ti6Al4V" title=" Ti6Al4V"> Ti6Al4V</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129821/microstructures-and-mechanical-property-of-ti6al4v-a-comparison-between-selective-laser-melting-electron-beam-melting-and-spark-plasma-sintering" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129821.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1113</span> Effect of Nano/Micro Alumina Matrix on Alumina-Cubic Boron Nitride Composites Consolidated by Spark Plasma Sintering </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20S.%20Hakeem">A. S. Hakeem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Ahmed"> B. Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ehsan"> M. Ehsan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ibrahim"> A. Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20M.%20Irshad"> H. M. Irshad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Laoui"> T. Laoui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Alumina (Al2O3) - cubic boron nitride (cBN) ceramic composites were sintered by spark plasma sintering (SPS) using α-Al2O3 particle sizes; 150 µm, 150 nm and cBN particle size of 42 µm. Alumina-cBN composites containing 10, 20 and 30wt% cBN with and without Ni coated were sintering at an elevated temperature of 1400°C at a constant uniaxial pressure of 50 MPa. The effect of matrix particle size, cBN and Ni content on mechanical properties and thermal properties, i.e., thermal conductivity, diffusivity, expansion, densification, phase transformation, microstructure, hardness and toughness of the Al2O3-cBN/(Ni) composites under specific sintering conditions were investigated. The highest relative densification of 150 nm-Al2O3 containing 30wt% cBN (Ni coated) composite was 99% at TSPS = 1400°C. In case of 150 µm- Al2O3 compositions, the phase transformation of cBN to hBN were observed, and the relative densification decreased. Thermal conductivity depicts maximum value in case of 150 nm- Al2O3-30wt% cBN-Ni composition. The Vickers hardness of this composition at TSPS = 1400°C also showed the highest value of 29 GPa. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alumina%20composite" title="alumina composite">alumina composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cubic%20boron%20nitride" title=" cubic boron nitride"> cubic boron nitride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20transformation" title=" phase transformation"> phase transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Spark%20plasma%20sintering" title=" Spark plasma sintering "> Spark plasma sintering </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67800/effect-of-nanomicro-alumina-matrix-on-alumina-cubic-boron-nitride-composites-consolidated-by-spark-plasma-sintering" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67800.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1112</span> Numerical Investigation of the Effect of the Spark Plug Gap on Engine-Like Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fernanda%20Pinheiro%20Martins">Fernanda Pinheiro Martins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pedro%20Teixeira%20Lacava"> Pedro Teixeira Lacava</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this research is to analyze the effects of different spark plug conditions in engine-like conditions by applying computational fluid dynamics analysis. The 3D models applied consist of 3-Zones Extended Coherent Flame (ECFM-3Z) and Imposed Stretch Spark Ignition Model (ISSIM), respectively, for the combustion and the spark plug modelling. For this study, it was applied direct injection fuel system in a single cylinder engine operating with E0. The application of realistic operating conditions (load and speed) to the different cases studied will provide a deeper understanding of the effects of the spark plug gap, a result of parts outwearing in most of the cases, to the development of the combustion in engine-like conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engine" title="engine">engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=direct%20injection" title=" direct injection"> direct injection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combustion" title=" combustion"> combustion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spark%20plug" title=" spark plug"> spark plug</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156457/numerical-investigation-of-the-effect-of-the-spark-plug-gap-on-engine-like-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156457.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1111</span> Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide Concentration Produced by Cold Atmospheric Plasma on Inactivation of Escherichia Coli in Water</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zohreh%20Rashmei">Zohreh Rashmei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Plasma inactivation is one of the emerging technologies in biomedical field and has been applied to the inactivation of microorganisms in water. The inactivation effect has been attributed to the presence of active plasma species, i.e. OH, O, O3, H2O2, UV and electric fields, generated by the discharge of plasma. Material and Method: To evaluate germicidal effects of plasma, the electric spark discharge device was used. After the effect of the plasma samples were collected for culture medium agar plate count. In addition to biological experiments, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide was also measured. Results: The results showed that Plasma is able to inactivate a high concentration of E. coli. After a short period of plasma radiation on the surface of water, the amount log8 reduced the microbial load. Starting plasma radiation on the surface of the water, the measurements show of production and increasing the amount of hydrogen peroxide in water. So that at the end of the experiment, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide to about 100 mg / l increased. Conclusion: Increasing the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is directly related to the reduction of microbial load. The results of E. coli culture in media containing certain concentrations of H2O2 showed that E. coli can not to grow in a medium containing more than 2/5 mg/l of H2O2. Surely we can say that the main cause of killing bacteria is a molecule of H2O2. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma" title="plasma">plasma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20peroxide" title=" hydrogen peroxide"> hydrogen peroxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disinfection" title=" disinfection"> disinfection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20coli" title=" E. coli"> E. coli</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123051/effect-of-hydrogen-peroxide-concentration-produced-by-cold-atmospheric-plasma-on-inactivation-of-escherichia-coli-in-water" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123051.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1110</span> Porous Alumina-Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposite Membranes Processed via Spark Plasma Sintering for Heavy Metal Removal from Contaminated Water </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20K.%20Shahzad">H. K. Shahzad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Hussein"> M. A. Hussein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Patel"> F. Patel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Al-Aqeeli"> N. Al-Aqeeli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Laoui"> T. Laoui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of the present study was to use the adsorption mechanism with microfiltration synergistically for efficient heavy metal removal from contaminated water. Alumina (Al2O3) is commonly used for ceramic membranes development while recently carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been considered among the best adsorbent materials for heavy metals. In this work, we combined both of these materials to prepare porous Al2O3-CNTs nanocomposite membranes via Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) technique. Alumina was used as a base matrix while CNTs were added as filler. The SPS process parameters i.e. applied pressure, temperature, heating rate, and holding time were varied to obtain the best combination of porosity (64%, measured according to ASTM c373-14a) and strength (3.2 MPa, measured by diametrical compression test) of the developed membranes. The prepared membranes were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission secondary electron microscopy (FE-SEM), contact angle and porosity measurements. The results showed that properties of the synthesized membranes were highly influenced by the SPS process parameters. FE-SEM images revealed that CNTs were reasonably dispersed in the alumina matrix. The porous membranes were evaluated for their water flux transport as well as their capacity to adsorb heavy metals ions. Selected membranes were able to remove about 97% cadmium from contaminated water. Further work is underway to enhance the removal efficiency of the developed membranes as well as to remove other heavy metals such as arsenic and mercury. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metal%20removal" title="heavy metal removal">heavy metal removal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inorganic%20membrane" title=" inorganic membrane"> inorganic membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposite" title=" nanocomposite"> nanocomposite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spark%20plasma%20sintering" title=" spark plasma sintering"> spark plasma sintering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69249/porous-alumina-carbon-nanotubes-nanocomposite-membranes-processed-via-spark-plasma-sintering-for-heavy-metal-removal-from-contaminated-water" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69249.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1109</span> Influence of Sintering Temperature on Microhardness and Tribological Properties of Equi-Atomic Ti-Al-Mo-Si-W Multicomponent Alloy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rudolf%20L.%20Kanyane">Rudolf L. Kanyane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicolaus%20Malatji"> Nicolaus Malatji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patritia%20A.%20Popoola"> Patritia A. Popoola</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tribological failure of materials during application can lead to catastrophic events which also carry economic penalties. High entropy alloys (HEAs) have shown outstanding tribological properties in applications such as mechanical parts were moving parts under high friction are required. This work aims to investigate the effect of sintering temperature on microhardness properties and tribological properties of novel equiatomic TiAlMoSiW HEAs fabricated via spark plasma sintering. The effect of Spark plasma sintering temperature on morphological evolution and phase formation was also investigated. The microstructure and the phases formed for the developed HEAs were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) respectively. The microhardness and tribological properties were studied using a diamond base microhardness tester Rtec tribometer. The developed HEAs showed improved mechanical properties as the sintering temperature increases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sintering" title="sintering">sintering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20entropy%20alloy" title=" high entropy alloy"> high entropy alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microhardness" title=" microhardness"> microhardness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tribology" title=" tribology"> tribology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103173/influence-of-sintering-temperature-on-microhardness-and-tribological-properties-of-equi-atomic-ti-al-mo-si-w-multicomponent-alloy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103173.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1108</span> Impact of Iron Doping on Induction Heating during Spark Plasma Sintering</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hua%20Tan">Hua Tan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Salamon"> David Salamon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, γ-Al2O3 powders doped with various amounts of iron were sintered via SPS process. Two heating modes – auto and manual mode were applied to observe the role of electrical induction on heating. Temperature, electric current, and pulse pattern were experimented with grade iron γ-Al2O3 powders. Phase transformation of γ to α -Al2O3 serves as a direct indicator of internal temperature, independently on measured outside temperature. That pulsing in SPS is also able to induce internal heating due to its strong electromagnetic field when dopants are conductive metals (e.g., iron) is proofed during SPS. Density and microstructure were investigated to explain the mechanism of induction heating. In addition, the role of electric pulsing and strong electromagnetic field on internal heating (induction heating) were compared and discussed. Internal heating by iron doping within electrically nonconductive samples is able to decrease sintering temperature and save energy, furthermore it is one explanation for unique features of this material fabrication technology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spark%20plasma%20sintering" title="spark plasma sintering">spark plasma sintering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=induction%20heating" title=" induction heating"> induction heating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alumina" title=" alumina"> alumina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54836/impact-of-iron-doping-on-induction-heating-during-spark-plasma-sintering" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54836.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">331</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1107</span> Effect of SPS Parameters on the Densification of ZrB2-Based Composites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Balak">Z. Balak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Zakeri"> M. Zakeri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.R.Rahimipur"> M.R.Rahimipur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Azizieh"> M. Azizieh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Spark Plasma Sintering is a new technique which was used for ultra high temperature ceramics such as ZrB2-based composites in recent years. Taguchi design was applied to explore effective parameters for achieving the highest hardness. Nine factors including SiC, Cf, MoSi2, HfB2 and ZrC content, milling time of Cf and SPS parameters such as temperature, time and pressure in four levels were considered through the Taguchi technique. In this study, only the effect of SPS conditions on densification and hardness were investigated. ZrB2-based composites were prepared by SPS in different temperatures (1600°C,1700°C, 1800°C, 1900°C), times (4min, 8 min, 12 min, 16min) and pressures (10MPa, 20MPa, 30MPa and 40MPa). The effect of SPS parameters on the densification and hardness were investigated. It was found, by increasing the temperature and time, from level 1 to 4, densification improved continuously. Also, the results shows hardness increases continuously by increasing temperature and time. Finally, it is concluded that temperature and time have more significant effect on densification and harness rather than pressure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spark%20plasma%20sintering%20%28SPS%29" title="spark plasma sintering (SPS)">spark plasma sintering (SPS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultra%20high%20temperature%20ceramics%20%28UHTCs%29" title=" ultra high temperature ceramics (UHTCs)"> ultra high temperature ceramics (UHTCs)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=densification" title=" densification"> densification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardness" title=" hardness"> hardness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23666/effect-of-sps-parameters-on-the-densification-of-zrb2-based-composites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23666.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">406</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1106</span> A Second Spark Ignition Timing for the High Power Aircraft Radial Engine Using a CFD Transient Modeling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tytus%20Tulwin">Tytus Tulwin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adam%20Majczak"> Adam Majczak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In aviation most important systems that impact the aircraft flight safety are duplicated. The ASz-62IR aircraft radial engine consists of two spark plugs powered by two separate magnetos. The relative difference in spark timing has an influence on the combustion process. The retardation of the second spark relative to the first spark was analyzed. The CFD simulation was developed as a multicycle transient model. Two independent spark sources imitate two flame fronts after an ignition period. It makes the combustion process shorter but only for certain range of second spark retardation. The model was validated by the in-cylinder pressure comparison. Combustion parameters were analyzed for different second spark retardation values. It was found that the most advantageous ignition timing in means of performance is simultaneous ignition. Nevertheless, for this engine the ignition time of the second spark plug is greatly retarded eliminating the advantageous performance influence. The reason behind this is maintaining high ignition certainty for all engine running conditions and for whole operating rpm range. In aviation the engine reliability is more important than its performance. Introducing electronic ignition system can yield from simultaneous ignition timing by increasing the engine performance and providing good reliability for all flight conditions. This work has been financed by the Polish National Centre for Research and Development, INNOLOT, under Grant Agreement No. INNOLOT/I/1/NCBR/2013. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title="CFD">CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combustion" title=" combustion"> combustion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ignition" title=" ignition"> ignition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=timing" title=" timing"> timing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50254/a-second-spark-ignition-timing-for-the-high-power-aircraft-radial-engine-using-a-cfd-transient-modeling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50254.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1105</span> Crystalline Particles Dispersed Cu-Based Metallic Glassy Composites Fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandrine%20Cardinal">Sandrine Cardinal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean-Marc%20Pelletier"> Jean-Marc Pelletier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guang%20Xie"> Guang Xie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Florian%20Mercier"> Florian Mercier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Florent%20Delmas"> Florent Delmas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bulk metallic glasses exhibit several superior properties, compared to their corresponding crystalline counterpart, such as high strength, high elastic limit or good corrosion resistance. Therefore they can be considered as good candidates for structural applications in many sectors. However, they are generally brittle and do not exhibit plastic deformation at room temperature. These materials are mainly obtained by rapid cooling from a liquid state to prevent crystallization, which limits their size. To overcome these two drawbacks: fragility and limited dimensions, composite metallic glass matrix reinforced by a second phase whose role is to slow crack growth are developed. Concerning the limited size of the pieces, the proposed solution is to get the material from amorphous powders by densifying under load. In this study, Cu50Zr45Al5 bulk metallic glassy matrix composites (MGMCs) containing different volume fraction (Vf) of Zr crystalline particles were manufactured by spark plasma sintering (SPS). Microstructure, thermal stability and mechanical properties of the MGMCs were investigated. Matrix of the composites remains a fully amorphous phase after consolidation at 420°C under 600 MPa. A good dispersion of the particles in the glassy matrix is obtained. Results show that the compressive strength decreases with Vf : 1670 MPa (Vf=0%) to 1300MPa (Vf=30%), the elastic modulus decreases but only slighty respectively 97.3GPa and 94.5 GPa and plasticity is improved from 0 to 4%. Fractographic investigation indicates a good bonding between amorphous and crystalline particles. In conclusion, present study has demonstrated that SPS method is useful for the synthesis of the bulk glassy composites. Large controlled microstructure specimens with interesting ductility can be obtained compared with others methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite" title="composite">composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metallic%20glasses" title=" metallic glasses"> metallic glasses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spark%20plasma%20sintering" title=" spark plasma sintering"> spark plasma sintering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67629/crystalline-particles-dispersed-cu-based-metallic-glassy-composites-fabricated-by-spark-plasma-sintering" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67629.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1104</span> Exchange Bias in Ceramics: From Polyol Made CoFe₂O₄-core@CoO-Shell NPs to Nanostructured Ceramics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Flores-Martinez">N. Flores-Martinez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Franceschin"> G. Franceschin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Gaudisson"> T. Gaudisson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.-M.%20Greneche"> J.-M. Greneche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Valenzuela-Monjaras"> R. Valenzuela-Monjaras</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Ammar"> S. Ammar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tailoring bulk materials keeping their nanoscale properties is the daydream of material scientists. But especially in magnetism, this single desire can revolutionize our everyday life. Now, thanks to the methods of synthesis, based on the combination of colloidal chemistry (CC) to flash sintering (FS), customizing magnets becomes each time more 'easy', 'cheap' and 'clean'. Although by CC we can obtain straightway nanopowders with good magnetic featuring, like exchange bias (EB) phenomenon, it does not result so attractive for applications. Since a solid material is simple to manipulate and integrate in a device, many consolidation methods have been tested aiming to keep the nanopowders characteristics after consolidation. Unfortunately, the lack of structural crystalline arrangement and the grain growth worsen the magnetic properties. In this work, we exhibit, for the first-time author’s best knowledge, the EB in sintered ceramics, starting from CoFe₂O₄-core@CoO-shell NPs obtained by CC. Despite the fact that EB field is about 28 mT in ceramics and it is not yet considered for applications, this work opens an alternative in the permanent magnets fabrication through a FS method, the spark plasma sintering, starting from CC synthesized nanopowders. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=core-shell%20nanoparticles" title="core-shell nanoparticles">core-shell nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exchange%20bias" title=" exchange bias"> exchange bias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanostructured%20ceramics" title=" nanostructured ceramics"> nanostructured ceramics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spark%20plasma%20sintering" title=" spark plasma sintering"> spark plasma sintering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99792/exchange-bias-in-ceramics-from-polyol-made-cofe2o4-core-at-coo-shell-nps-to-nanostructured-ceramics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99792.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1103</span> Study of the Influence of Refractory Nitride Additives on Hydrogen Storage Properties of Ti6Al4V-Based Materials Produced by Spark Plasma Sintering</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Olorunfemi%20Abe">John Olorunfemi Abe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olawale%20Muhammed%20Popoola"> Olawale Muhammed Popoola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abimbola%20Patricia%20Idowu%20Popoola"> Abimbola Patricia Idowu Popoola</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hydrogen is an appealing alternative to fossil fuels because of its abundance, low weight, high energy density, and relative lack of contaminants. However, its low density presents a number of storage challenges. Therefore, this work studies the influence of refractory nitride additives consisting of 5 wt. % each of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), titanium nitride (TiN), and aluminum nitride (AlN) on hydrogen storage and electrochemical characteristics of Ti6Al4V-based materials produced by spark plasma sintering. The microstructure and phase constituents of the sintered materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (in conjunction with energy-dispersive spectroscopy) and X-ray diffraction, respectively. Pressure-composition-temperature (PCT) measurements were used to assess the hydrogen absorption/desorption behavior, kinetics, and storage capacities of the sintered materials, respectively. The pure Ti6Al4V alloy displayed a two-phase (α+β) microstructure, while the modified composites exhibited apparent microstructural modifications with the appearance of nitride-rich secondary phases. It is found that the diffusion process controls the kinetics of the hydrogen absorption. Thus, a faster rate of hydrogen absorption at elevated temperatures ensued. The additives acted as catalysts, lowered the activation energy and accelerated the rate of hydrogen sorption in the composites relative to the monolithic alloy. Ti6Al4V-5 wt. % h-BN appears to be the most promising candidate for hydrogen storage (2.28 wt. %), followed by Ti6Al4V-5 wt. % TiN (2.09 wt. %), whereas Ti6Al4V-5 wt. % AlN shows the least hydrogen storage performance (1.35 wt. %). Accordingly, the developed hydride system (Ti6Al4V-5h-BN) may be competitive for use in applications involving short-range continuous vehicles (~50-100km) as well as stationary applications such as electrochemical devices, large-scale storage cylinders in hydrogen production locations, and hydrogen filling stations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20storage" title="hydrogen storage">hydrogen storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ti6Al4V%20hydride%20system" title=" Ti6Al4V hydride system"> Ti6Al4V hydride system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure-composition-temperature%20measurements" title=" pressure-composition-temperature measurements"> pressure-composition-temperature measurements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=refractory%20nitride%20additives" title=" refractory nitride additives"> refractory nitride additives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spark%20plasma%20sintering" title=" spark plasma sintering"> spark plasma sintering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ti6Al4V-based%20materials" title=" Ti6Al4V-based materials"> Ti6Al4V-based materials</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182054/study-of-the-influence-of-refractory-nitride-additives-on-hydrogen-storage-properties-of-ti6al4v-based-materials-produced-by-spark-plasma-sintering" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182054.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1102</span> Biocompatibility and Electrochemical Assessment of Biomedical Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn Produced by Spark Plasma Sintering</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jerman%20Madonsela">Jerman Madonsela</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wallace%20%20Matizamhuka"> Wallace Matizamhuka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akiko%20%20Yamamoto"> Akiko Yamamoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ronald%20Machaka"> Ronald Machaka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brendon%20Shongwe"> Brendon Shongwe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, biocompatibility evaluation of nanostructured near beta Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn (Ti2448) alloy with non-toxic elements produced utilizing Spark plasma sintering (SPS) of very fine microsized powders attained through mechanical alloying was performed. The results were compared with pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) alloy. Cell proliferation test was performed using murine osteoblastic cells, MC3T3-E1 at two cell densities; 400 and 4000 cells/mL for 7 days incubation. Pure titanium took a lead under both conditions suggesting that the presence of other oxide layers influence cell proliferation. No significant difference in cell proliferation was observed between Ti64 and Ti2448. Potentiodynamic measurement in Hanks, 0.9% NaCl and cell culture medium showed no distinct difference on the anodic polarization curves of the three alloys, indicating that the same anodic reaction occurred on their surface but with different rates. However, Ti2448 showed better corrosion resistance in cell culture medium with a slightly lower corrosion rate of 2.96 nA/cm2 compared to 4.86 nA/cm2 and 5.62 nA/cm2 of Ti and Ti64 respectively. Ti2448 adsorbed less protein as compared to Ti and Ti64 though no notable difference in surface wettability was observed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biocompatibility" title="biocompatibility">biocompatibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osteoblast" title=" osteoblast"> osteoblast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion" title=" corrosion"> corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20wettability" title=" surface wettability"> surface wettability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein%20adsorption" title=" protein adsorption"> protein adsorption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93233/biocompatibility-and-electrochemical-assessment-of-biomedical-ti-24nb-4zr-8sn-produced-by-spark-plasma-sintering" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93233.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">222</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1101</span> Magnetic Field Generation in Inhomogeneous Plasma via Ponderomotive Force</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatemeh%20Shahi">Fatemeh Shahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Sharifian"> Mehdi Sharifian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laia%20Shahrassai"> Laia Shahrassai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elham%20Eskandari%20A."> Elham Eskandari A.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A new mechanism is reported here for magnetic field generation in laser-plasma interaction by means of nonlinear ponderomotive force. The plasma considered here is unmagnetized inhomogeneous plasma with an exponentially decreasing profile. A damped periodic magnetic field with a relatively lower frequency is obtained using the ponderomotive force exerted on plasma electrons. Finally, with an electric field and by using Faraday’s law, the magnetic field profile in the plasma has been obtained. Because of the negative exponential density profile, the generated magnetic field is relatively slowly oscillating and damped through the plasma. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20field%20generation" title="magnetic field generation">magnetic field generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser-plasma%20interaction" title=" laser-plasma interaction"> laser-plasma interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ponderomotive%20force" title=" ponderomotive force"> ponderomotive force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhomogeneous%20plasma" title=" inhomogeneous plasma"> inhomogeneous plasma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134152/magnetic-field-generation-in-inhomogeneous-plasma-via-ponderomotive-force" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134152.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">293</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1100</span> Condition for Plasma Instability and Stability Approaches</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ratna%20Sen">Ratna Sen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As due to very high temperature of Plasma it is very difficult to confine it for sufficient time so that nuclear fusion reactions to take place, As we know Plasma escapes faster than the binary collision rates. We studied the ball analogy and the ‘energy principle’ and calculated the total potential energy for the whole Plasma. If δ ⃗w is negative, that is decrease in potential energy then the plasma will be unstable. We also discussed different approaches of stability analysis such as Nyquist Method, MHD approximation and Vlasov approach of plasma stability. So that by using magnetic field configurations we can able to create a stable Plasma in Tokamak for generating energy for future generations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jello" title="jello">jello</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20field%20configuration" title=" magnetic field configuration"> magnetic field configuration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MHD%20approximation" title=" MHD approximation"> MHD approximation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20principle" title=" energy principle"> energy principle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50172/condition-for-plasma-instability-and-stability-approaches" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50172.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">442</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1099</span> Microstructure and Tribological Properties of AlSi5Cu2/SiC Composite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magdalena%20Su%C5%9Bniak">Magdalena Suśniak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joanna%20Karwan-Baczewska"> Joanna Karwan-Baczewska</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microstructure and tribological properties of AlSi5Cu2 matrix composite reinforced with SiC have been studied by microscopic examination and basic tribological properties. Composite material was produced by the mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. The mixture of AlSi5Cu2 chips with 0, 10, 15 wt. % of SiC powder were placed in 250 ml mixing jar and milled 40 hours. To prevent the extreme cold welding the 1 wt. % of stearic acid was added to the powder mixture as a process control agent. Mechanical alloying provide to obtain composites powder with uniform distribution of SiC in matrix. Composite powders were poured into a graphite and a pulsed electric current was passed through powder under vacuum to consolidate material. Processing conditions were: sintering temperature 450°C, uniaxial pressure 32MPa, time of sintering 5 minutes. After SPS process composite samples indicate higher hardness values, lower weight loss, and lower coefficient of friction as compared with the unreinforced alloy. Light microscope micrograph of the worn surfaces and wear debris revealed that in the unreinforced alloy the prominent wear mechanism was the adhesive wear. In the AlSi5Cu2/SiC composites, by increasing of SiC the wear mechanism changed from adhesive and micro-cutting to abrasive and delamination for composite with 20 SiC wt. %. In all the AlSi5Cu2/SiC composites, abrasive wear was the main wear mechanism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminum%20matrix%20composite" title="aluminum matrix composite">aluminum matrix composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20alloying" title=" mechanical alloying"> mechanical alloying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spark%20plasma%20sintering" title=" spark plasma sintering"> spark plasma sintering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AlSi5Cu2%2FSiC%20composite" title=" AlSi5Cu2/SiC composite"> AlSi5Cu2/SiC composite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14111/microstructure-and-tribological-properties-of-alsi5cu2sic-composite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14111.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">386</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1098</span> Flame Kernel Growth and Related Effects of Spark Plug Electrodes: Fluid Motion Interaction in an Optically Accessible DISI Engine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Schirru">A. Schirru</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Irimescu"> A. Irimescu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Merola"> S. Merola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20d%E2%80%99Adamo"> A. d’Adamo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Fontanesi"> S. Fontanesi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the aspects that are usually neglected during the design phase of an engine is the effect of the spark plug on the flow field inside the combustion chamber. Because of the difficulties in the experimental investigation of the mutual interaction between flow alteration and early flame kernel convection effect inside the engine combustion chamber, CFD-3D simulation is usually exploited in such cases. Experimentally speaking, a particular type of engine has to be used in order to directly observe the flame propagation process. In this study, a double electrode spark plug was fitted into an optically accessible engine and a high-speed camera was used to capture the initial stages of the combustion process. Both the arc and the kernel phases were observed. Then, a morphologic analysis was carried out and the position of the center of mass of the flame, relative to the spark plug position, was calculated. The crossflow orientation was chosen for the spark plug and the kernel growth process was observed for different air-fuel ratios. It was observed that during a normal cycle the flow field between the electrodes tends to transport the arc deforming it. Because of that, the kernel growth phase takes place away from the electrodes and the flame propagates with a preferential direction dictated by the flow field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Combustion" title="Combustion">Combustion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Optically%20Accessible%20Engine" title=" Optically Accessible Engine"> Optically Accessible Engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Spark-Ignition%20Engine" title=" Spark-Ignition Engine"> Spark-Ignition Engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sparl%20Orientation" title=" Sparl Orientation"> Sparl Orientation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kernel%20Growth" title=" Kernel Growth"> Kernel Growth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122902/flame-kernel-growth-and-related-effects-of-spark-plug-electrodes-fluid-motion-interaction-in-an-optically-accessible-disi-engine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122902.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1097</span> Spark Plasma Sintering/Synthesis of Alumina-Graphene Composites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikoloz%20Jalabadze">Nikoloz Jalabadze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roin%20Chedia"> Roin Chedia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lili%20Nadaraia"> Lili Nadaraia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Levan%20Khundadze"> Levan Khundadze</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nanocrystalline materials in powder condition can be manufactured by a number of different methods, however manufacture of composite materials product in the same nanocrystalline state is still a problem because the processes of compaction and synthesis of nanocrystalline powders go with intensive growth of particles – the process which promotes formation of pieces in an ordinary crystalline state instead of being crystallized in the desirable nanocrystalline state. To date spark plasma sintering (SPS) has been considered as the most promising and energy efficient method for producing dense bodies of composite materials. An advantage of the SPS method in comparison with other methods is mainly low temperature and short time of the sintering procedure. That finally gives an opportunity to obtain dense material with nanocrystalline structure. Graphene has recently garnered significant interest as a reinforcing phase in composite materials because of its excellent electrical, thermal and mechanical properties. Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) in particular have attracted much interest as reinforcements for ceramic matrix composites (mostly in Al2O3, Si3N4, TiO2, ZrB2 a. c.). SPS has been shown to fully densify a variety of ceramic systems effectively including Al2O3 and often with improvements in mechanical and functional behavior. Alumina consolidated by SPS has been shown to have superior hardness, fracture toughness, plasticity and optical translucency compared to conventionally processed alumina. Knowledge of how GNPs influence sintering behavior is important to effectively process and manufacture process. In this study, the effects of GNPs on the SPS processing of Al2O3 are investigated by systematically varying sintering temperature, holding time and pressure. Our experiments showed that SPS process is also appropriate for the synthesis of nanocrystalline powders of alumina-graphene composites. Depending on the size of the molds, it is possible to obtain different amount of nanopowders. Investigation of the structure, physical-chemical, mechanical and performance properties of the elaborated composite materials was performed. The results of this study provide a fundamental understanding of the effects of GNP on sintering behavior, thereby providing a foundation for future optimization of the processing of these promising nanocomposite systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alumina%20oxide" title="alumina oxide">alumina oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ceramic%20matrix%20composites" title=" ceramic matrix composites"> ceramic matrix composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene%20nanoplatelets" title=" graphene nanoplatelets"> graphene nanoplatelets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spark-plasma%20sintering" title=" spark-plasma sintering"> spark-plasma sintering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35094/spark-plasma-sinteringsynthesis-of-alumina-graphene-composites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35094.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1096</span> The Effect of Spark Physical Program (Sports, Play and Active Recreation for Kids) on Quality of Life and Spirometry in 6-18-Year-Old Children with Cystic Fibrosis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeedeh%20Eshkil">Saeedeh Eshkil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyedeh%20Farnaz%20Mousavi"> Seyedeh Farnaz Mousavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Reza%20Kianifar"> Hamid Reza Kianifar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Java%20Sayyedi"> Seyed Java Sayyedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Sohrabi"> Mehdi Sohrabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elham%20%20Bakhtiari"> Elham Bakhtiari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morteza%20Mashoughi"> Morteza Mashoughi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ezzat%20Khodashenas"> Ezzat Khodashenas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The effect of the SPARK physical education program on lung function in cystic fibrosis patients is not yet determined.).SPARK is Sports, play and active recreation for kids, including moving skills, aerobic games, jogging or walking, aerobic dance and jump rope. Regarding the high prevalence of cystic fibrosis and its destructive effects on the lungs, the aim of this study is to evaluate lung function and quality of life before and after undergoing the SPARK physical education program in children with cystic fibrosis. Method: In this quasi-experimental study, all patients with cystic fibrosis aged 6-18 years referred to the cystic fibrosis clinic of Dr. Sheikh Hospital were enrolled. The patients went under 12 weeks of SPARK training program (3 sessions per week, each session 45 minutes). The quality of life questionnaire ( Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire includes self-examination, parental ) for patients with cystic fibrosis and spirometry indices (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, FEF25-75) was filled out before and after intervention for all patients. Results The mean and standard deviation of patients' age were 9.85±2.67 years, and 65% of patients were female. The FEV1 was significantly different before and after the SPARK physical education program (P=0.03), and the respiratory component of quality of life significantly increased after intervention (P=0.002). The overall score of quality of life from parents’ point of view was 2.87 ± 0.38, which increased to 2.99 ± 0.38 after the intervention. Conclusion: The SPARK training program may improve the spirometric parameters in children with cystic fibrosis. It also had a significant effect on improving the quality of life of patients, especially in the respiratory component. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cystic%20fibrosis" title="cystic fibrosis">cystic fibrosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pediatrics" title=" pediatrics"> pediatrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SPARK%20motor%20program" title=" SPARK motor program"> SPARK motor program</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spirometry" title=" spirometry"> spirometry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191726/the-effect-of-spark-physical-program-sports-play-and-active-recreation-for-kids-on-quality-of-life-and-spirometry-in-6-18-year-old-children-with-cystic-fibrosis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191726.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">20</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1095</span> Self Tuning Controller for Reducing Cycle to Cycle Variations in SI Engine </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alir%C4%B1za%20Kaleli">Alirıza Kaleli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Akif%20Ceviz"> M. Akif Ceviz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erdo%C4%9Fan%20G%C3%BCner"> Erdoğan Güner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K%C3%B6ksal%20Erent%C3%BCrk"> Köksal Erentürk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The cyclic variations in spark ignition engines occurring especially under specific engine operating conditions make the maximum pressure variable for successive in-cylinder pressure cycles. Minimization of cyclic variations has a great importance in effectively operating near to lean limit, or at low speed and load. The cyclic variations may reduce the power output of the engine, lead to operational instabilities, and result in undesirable engine vibrations and noise. In this study, spark timing is controlled in order to reduce the cyclic variations in spark ignition engines. Firstly, an ARMAX model has developed between spark timing and maximum pressure using system identification techniques. By using this model, the maximum pressure of the next cycle has been predicted. Then, self-tuning minimum variance controller has been designed to change the spark timing for consecutive cycles of the first cylinder of test engine to regulate the in-cylinder maximum pressure. The performance of the proposed controller is illustrated in real time and experimental results show that the controller has a reliable effect on cycle to cycle variations of maximum cylinder pressure when the engine works under low speed conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclic%20variations" title="cyclic variations">cyclic variations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cylinder%20pressure" title=" cylinder pressure"> cylinder pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SI%20engines" title=" SI engines"> SI engines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self%20tuning%20controller" title=" self tuning controller "> self tuning controller </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21971/self-tuning-controller-for-reducing-cycle-to-cycle-variations-in-si-engine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21971.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">481</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1094</span> A Comparative Study Mechanical Properties of Polytetrafluoroethylene Materials Synthesized by Non-Conventional and Conventional Techniques</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Lahlali%20F.%20El%20Haouzi">H. Lahlali F. El Haouzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.M.Al-Baradi"> A.M.Al-Baradi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20El%20Aboudi"> I. El Aboudi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20El%20Azhari"> M. El Azhari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mdarhri"> A. Mdarhri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is a high performance thermoplastic polymer with exceptional physical and chemical properties, such as a high melting temperature, high thermal stability, and very good chemical resistance. Nevertheless, manufacturing PTFE is problematic due to its high melt viscosity (10 12 Pa.s). In practice, it is by now well established that this property presents a serious problem when the classical methods are used to synthesized the dense PTFE materials in particularly hot pressing, high temperature extrusion. In this framework, we use here a new process namely spark plasma sintering (SPS) to elaborate PTFE samples from the micro metric particles powder. It consists in applying simultaneous electric current and pressure directly on the sample powder. By controlling the processing parameters of this technique, a series of PTFE samples are easy obtained and associated to remarkably short time as is reported in an early work. Our central goal in the present study is to understand how the non conventional SPS affects the mechanical properties at room temperature. For this end, a second commercially series of PTFE synthesized by using the extrusion method is investigated. The first data according to the tensile mechanical properties are found to be superior for the first set samples (SPS). However, this trend is not observed for the results obtained from the compression testing. The observed macro-behaviors are correlated to some physical properties of the two series of samples such as their crystallinity or density. Upon a close examination of these properties, we believe the SPS technique can be seen as a promising way to elaborate the polymer having high molecular mass without compromising their mechanical properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PTFE" title="PTFE">PTFE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extrusion" title=" extrusion"> extrusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Spark%20Plasma%20Sintering" title=" Spark Plasma Sintering"> Spark Plasma Sintering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20properties" title=" physical properties"> physical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20behavior" title=" mechanical behavior"> mechanical behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19442/a-comparative-study-mechanical-properties-of-polytetrafluoroethylene-materials-synthesized-by-non-conventional-and-conventional-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19442.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">307</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1093</span> Atmospheric Pressure Microwave Plasma System and Its Applications </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waqas%20A.%20Toor">Waqas A. Toor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anis%20U.%20Baig"> Anis U. Baig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nuaman%20Shafqat"> Nuaman Shafqat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raafia%20Irfan"> Raafia Irfan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Ashraf"> Muhammad Ashraf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A 2.45GHz microwave plasma system and its few applications have been developed. Argon and helium plasma is produced by metallic nozzle and also in a quartz tube at atmospheric pressure, using WR-340 waveguide and its tapered version. The waveguide applicator is also simulated in HFSS and field patterns are analyzed for maximum power absorption in the load. The system is tuned to operate at less than 10% reflected power. Various experimental techniques are used to initiate and sustain the plasma at atmospheric pressure. Plasma of atmospheric air is also produced without using any other shielding gas. The plasma flame is also characterized by its spectrum. Spectral analyses of plasma flame can be used for online analysis of combustion gases produced in industry. The applications of the system include glass and quartz processing, vitrification, emission spectroscopy, plasma coating. Low pressure plasma applications of the system include intense UV light for water purification and ozone generation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HFSS%20high%20frequency%20structure%20simulator" title="HFSS high frequency structure simulator">HFSS high frequency structure simulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Microwave%20plasma" title=" Microwave plasma"> Microwave plasma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UV%20ultraviolet" title=" UV ultraviolet"> UV ultraviolet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WR%20rectangular%20waveguide" title=" WR rectangular waveguide"> WR rectangular waveguide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91066/atmospheric-pressure-microwave-plasma-system-and-its-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91066.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1092</span> Simulation of 1D Dielectric Barrier Discharge in Argon Mixtures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lucas%20Wilman%20Crispim">Lucas Wilman Crispim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patr%C3%ADcia%20Hallack"> Patrícia Hallack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maikel%20%20Ballester"> Maikel Ballester</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work aims at modeling electric discharges in gas mixtures. The mathematical model mimics the ignition process in a commercial spark-plug when a high voltage is applied to the plug terminals. A longitudinal unidimensional Cartesian domain is chosen for the simulation region. Energy and mass transfer are considered for a macroscopic fluid representation, while energy transfer in molecular collisions and chemical reactions are contemplated at microscopic level. The macroscopic model is represented by a set of uncoupled partial differential equations. Microscopic effects are studied within a discrete model for electronic and molecular collisions in the frame of ZDPlasKin, a plasma modeling numerical tool. The BOLSIG+ solver is employed in solving the electronic Boltzmann equation. An operator splitting technique is used to separate microscopic and macroscopic models. The simulation gas is a mixture of atomic Argon neutral, excited and ionized. Spatial and temporal evolution of such species and temperature are presented and discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title="CFD">CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20discharge" title=" electronic discharge"> electronic discharge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ignition" title=" ignition"> ignition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spark%20plug" title=" spark plug"> spark plug</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91943/simulation-of-1d-dielectric-barrier-discharge-in-argon-mixtures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91943.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1091</span> Dependence of Densification, Hardness and Wear Behaviors of Ti6Al4V Powders on Sintering Temperature</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adewale%20O.%20Adegbenjo">Adewale O. Adegbenjo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elsie%20Nsiah-Baafi"> Elsie Nsiah-Baafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mxolisi%20B.%20Shongwe"> Mxolisi B. Shongwe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mercy%20Ramakokovhu"> Mercy Ramakokovhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20A.%20Olubambi"> Peter A. Olubambi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The sintering step in powder metallurgy (P/M) processes is very sensitive as it determines to a large extent the properties of the final component produced. Spark plasma sintering over the past decade has been extensively used in consolidating a wide range of materials including metallic alloy powders. This novel, non-conventional sintering method has proven to be advantageous offering full densification of materials, high heating rates, low sintering temperatures, and short sintering cycles over conventional sintering methods. Ti6Al4V has been adjudged the most widely used α+β alloy due to its impressive mechanical performance in service environments, especially in the aerospace and automobile industries being a light metal alloy with the capacity for fuel efficiency needed in these industries. The P/M route has been a promising method for the fabrication of parts made from Ti6Al4V alloy due to its cost and material loss reductions and the ability to produce near net and intricate shapes. However, the use of this alloy has been largely limited owing to its relatively poor hardness and wear properties. The effect of sintering temperature on the densification, hardness, and wear behaviors of spark plasma sintered Ti6Al4V powders was investigated in this present study. Sintering of the alloy powders was performed in the 650–850°C temperature range at a constant heating rate, applied pressure and holding time of 100°C/min, 50 MPa and 5 min, respectively. Density measurements were carried out according to Archimedes’ principle and microhardness tests were performed on sectioned as-polished surfaces at a load of 100gf and dwell time of 15 s. Dry sliding wear tests were performed at varied sliding loads of 5, 15, 25 and 35 N using the ball-on-disc tribometer configuration with WC as the counterface material. Microstructural characterization of the sintered samples and wear tracks were carried out using SEM and EDX techniques. The density and hardness characteristics of sintered samples increased with increasing sintering temperature. Near full densification (99.6% of the theoretical density) and Vickers’ micro-indentation hardness of 360 HV were attained at 850°C. The coefficient of friction (COF) and wear depth improved significantly with increased sintering temperature under all the loading conditions examined, except at 25 N indicating better mechanical properties at high sintering temperatures. Worn surface analyses showed the wear mechanism was a synergy of adhesive and abrasive wears, although the former was prevalent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardness" title="hardness">hardness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=powder%20metallurgy" title=" powder metallurgy"> powder metallurgy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spark%20plasma%20sintering" title=" spark plasma sintering"> spark plasma sintering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wear" title=" wear"> wear</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40521/dependence-of-densification-hardness-and-wear-behaviors-of-ti6al4v-powders-on-sintering-temperature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40521.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">273</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1090</span> Modeling and Optimization of Performance of Four Stroke Spark Ignition Injector Engine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20Okafor">A. A. Okafor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20H.%20Achebe"> C. H. Achebe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20L.%20Chukwuneke"> J. L. Chukwuneke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20G.%20Ozoegwu"> C. G. Ozoegwu </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The performance of an engine whose basic design parameters are known can be predicted with the assistance of simulation programs into the less time, cost and near value of actual. This paper presents a comprehensive mathematical model of the performance parameters of four stroke spark ignition engine. The essence of this research work is to develop a mathematical model for the analysis of engine performance parameters of four stroke spark ignition engine before embarking on full scale construction, this will ensure that only optimal parameters are in the design and development of an engine and also allow to check and develop the design of the engine and it’s operation alternatives in an inexpensive way and less time, instead of using experimental method which requires costly research test beds. To achieve this, equations were derived which describe the performance parameters (sfc, thermal efficiency, mep and A/F). The equations were used to simulate and optimize the engine performance of the model for various engine speeds. The optimal values obtained for the developed bivariate mathematical models are: sfc is 0.2833kg/kwh, efficiency is 28.77% and a/f is 20.75. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bivariate%20models" title="bivariate models">bivariate models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engine%20performance" title=" engine performance"> engine performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injector%20engine" title=" injector engine"> injector engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20parameters" title=" performance parameters"> performance parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spark%20ignition" title=" spark ignition"> spark ignition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21924/modeling-and-optimization-of-performance-of-four-stroke-spark-ignition-injector-engine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21924.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">325</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spark%20plasma&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spark%20plasma&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spark%20plasma&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spark%20plasma&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spark%20plasma&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spark%20plasma&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spark%20plasma&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spark%20plasma&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spark%20plasma&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spark%20plasma&page=37">37</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spark%20plasma&page=38">38</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spark%20plasma&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational 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