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class="sc-b42e7a8f-0 haItSe"><div class="sc-b42e7a8f-1 cjDa-dM"><time dateTime="2025-02-16T10:00:00.000Z" class="sc-b42e7a8f-2 bGezbH">4 days ago</time><div class="sc-b42e7a8f-3 cFXrjb"></div></div><div data-testid="byline-new-contributors" class="sc-b42e7a8f-12 fcCDwR"><div class="sc-b42e7a8f-5 evAEAB"><div><span class="sc-b42e7a8f-7 khDNZq">Jocelyn Timperley</span><div class="sc-b42e7a8f-8 jtKrhe"><span><a href="https://twitter.com/jloistf" target="_blank" class="sc-b42e7a8f-10 cSeenu">@jloistf</a></span></div></div></div></div><div class="sc-b42e7a8f-4 cVwCpL"></div></div></div><figure><div data-component="image-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 ejjhCR"><div data-testid="hero-image" class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160xn/p0krbrqr.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240xn/p0krbrqr.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320xn/p0krbrqr.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0krbrqr.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640xn/p0krbrqr.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800xn/p0krbrqr.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024xn/p0krbrqr.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376xn/p0krbrqr.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920xn/p0krbrqr.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0krbrqr.jpg.webp" alt="Trust for Public Land A landscape image showing grass, patches of trees and forest and a road (Credit: Trust for Public Land)" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/><span class="sc-a34861b-2 fxQYxK">Trust for Public Land</span></div></div><div data-component="caption-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ"><figcaption class="sc-8353772e-0 cvNhQw">Creating San Geronimo Commons was a "once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to create a climate-resilient ecosystem", says Erica Williams (Credit: Trust for Public Land)</figcaption></div></figure><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe"><b id="from-scotland-to-california,-golf-courses-are-being-rewilded-–-with-lofty-aims-to-benefit-both-people-and-nature." class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf">From Scotland to California, golf courses are being rewilded – with lofty aims to benefit both people and nature.</b></p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Sinking into nature comes easy at <a target="_blank" href="https://www.lochalsh.uk/projects/theplock/" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">the Plock of Kyle</a>. I visit this tiny wedge of parkland on the west coast of Scotland, just across the bridge from the Isle of Skye, on a rainy day in late September, and park ranger Heather Beaton and I spend the afternoon wandering around its various ecosystems-in-miniature.</p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">We clamber over rocks at one of its little hidden natural harbours. We freeze as black darter dragonflies land on her pink shoe by a pond. And we bend to peer at circles of huge mushrooms which have sprung up overnight in its tiny woodland.</p></div><div data-component="quote-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><div class="sc-9967660-0 WkJHg"><div class="sc-9967660-1 dBFvZy"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="1em" height="1em" category="personalisation" icon="quote" class="sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou"><path d="M9.83967 17.2131C9.205 17.2131 8.62967 17.3124 8.07567 17.5058C8.63767 13.3384 10.9143 10.0091 14.7517 6.88708H10.0903C6.281 10.2704 4.00033 14.6318 4.00033 20.0451C4.00033 24.4311 6.35567 26.9371 9.78967 26.9371C13.0223 26.9371 14.9023 24.5564 14.9023 21.9751C14.9023 19.2184 12.7217 17.2131 9.83967 17.2131Z"></path><path d="M22.2957 17.2131C21.6611 17.2131 21.0864 17.3124 20.5317 17.5058C21.0931 13.3384 23.3704 10.0091 27.2077 6.88708H22.5464C18.7371 10.2704 16.4811 14.6318 16.4811 20.0451C16.4811 24.4311 18.8117 26.9371 22.2457 26.9371C25.4784 26.9371 27.3584 24.5564 27.3584 21.9751C27.3584 19.2184 25.1777 17.2131 22.2957 17.2131Z"></path></svg></div><span class="sc-9967660-2 bBAxiJ">All of these habitats had fallen into serious disarray until a few years ago – most of this area used to be a golf course – Heather Beaton</span></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">A wildflower meadow, ponds, scrub habitat, coastline and even an area of <a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20220802-climate-change-the-promise-and-danger-of-scotlands-peat" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">peat bog</a> can be found on this little 60-acre (24-hectare) plot, which boasts roe deer, otters, lizards, eels and a huge array of insects and birds. "We do describe it as a microcosm of Scotland," says Beaton. "If you think of all of the major habitats of Scotland, we've got them here on the Plock, just in miniature." It's an impression she works to cultivate. "The more little pockets we have, the more chance a person has to... end up having a nature experience," she says.</p></div><div data-component="ad-slot" data-testid="ad-unit" class="sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG"><div data-testid="dotcom-mid_1" id="dotcom-mid_1" class="dotcom-ad"></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">All of these habitats had fallen into serious disarray until a few years ago, says Beaton. In fact, most of this area used to be a golf course.</p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">The Plock is part of a small but significant global trend of land once used for golf being turned back over to nature. From <a target="_blank" href="https://www.tpl.org/our-work/san-geronimo-commons" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">California</a> to <a target="_blank" href="https://natlands.org/news/new-garden-golf-course-to-become-public-park/" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Pennsylvania</a> and <a target="_blank" href="https://yoursay.bayside.vic.gov.au/elsternwick-nature-reserve" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Australia</a> to <a target="_blank" href="https://www.vancouverislandfreedaily.com/local-news/project-brings-nature-accessibility-to-site-of-former-saanich-golf-course-7248019" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Canada</a>, these projects are reaping in some big rewards for both biodiversity and local people.</p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">But what does it take to rewild a golf course? Could this be a key to both supporting biodiversity and helping more people get the<a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/future/article/20241224-why-spending-more-time-in-nature-can-help-you-feel-less-lonely" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB"> immense benefits that come with interacting with nature</a>? And what do we win – and lose – in the process?</p></div><figure><div data-component="image-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 jFCfG"><div data-testid="image" class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160xn/p0krbn2q.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240xn/p0krbn2q.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320xn/p0krbn2q.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0krbn2q.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640xn/p0krbn2q.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800xn/p0krbn2q.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024xn/p0krbn2q.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376xn/p0krbn2q.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920xn/p0krbn2q.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0krbn2q.jpg.webp" alt="Jocelyn Timperley Plock ranger Heather Beaton the ex-golf course as a 'microcosm' of Scotland due to its many varied mini habitats (Credit: Jocelyn Timperley)" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/><span class="sc-a34861b-2 fxQYxK">Jocelyn Timperley</span></div></div><div data-component="caption-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ"><figcaption class="sc-8353772e-0 cvNhQw">Plock ranger Heather Beaton the ex-golf course as a 'microcosm' of Scotland due to its many varied mini habitats (Credit: Jocelyn Timperley)</figcaption></div></figure><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Huge swathes of land are used for golf. According to <a target="_blank" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.15376" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">one recent study</a>, many countries across the world, including the UK and the US, use far more land for golf courses than they do for wind or solar energy. The US has the most courses of any country by far: its 16,300 golf courses occupy an estimated <a target="_blank" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.15376" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">8,000 sq km</a> (2 million acres), an area <a target="_blank" href="https://wilderness.net/practitioners/wilderness-areas/summary-reports/acreage-by-state.php" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">around a third of the size of Vermont</a>.</p></div><div data-component="ad-slot" data-testid="ad-unit" class="sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG"><div data-testid="dotcom-mid_2" id="dotcom-mid_2" class="dotcom-ad"></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Golf <a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/travel/article/20230717-the-little-known-courses-that-made-modern-golf" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">emerged as a sport</a> in my home country of Scotland in the 15th-17th Centuries, and for a time was relatively widely played, with courses <a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/travel/article/20230717-the-little-known-courses-that-made-modern-golf" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">often shared spaces</a> used for walking and other activities as well as golf. Over the last century or so, however, it has widely emerged as the sport of the most affluent in society.</p></div><div data-component="quote-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><div class="sc-9967660-0 WkJHg"><div class="sc-9967660-1 dBFvZy"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="1em" height="1em" category="personalisation" icon="quote" class="sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou"><path d="M9.83967 17.2131C9.205 17.2131 8.62967 17.3124 8.07567 17.5058C8.63767 13.3384 10.9143 10.0091 14.7517 6.88708H10.0903C6.281 10.2704 4.00033 14.6318 4.00033 20.0451C4.00033 24.4311 6.35567 26.9371 9.78967 26.9371C13.0223 26.9371 14.9023 24.5564 14.9023 21.9751C14.9023 19.2184 12.7217 17.2131 9.83967 17.2131Z"></path><path d="M22.2957 17.2131C21.6611 17.2131 21.0864 17.3124 20.5317 17.5058C21.0931 13.3384 23.3704 10.0091 27.2077 6.88708H22.5464C18.7371 10.2704 16.4811 14.6318 16.4811 20.0451C16.4811 24.4311 18.8117 26.9371 22.2457 26.9371C25.4784 26.9371 27.3584 24.5564 27.3584 21.9751C27.3584 19.2184 25.1777 17.2131 22.2957 17.2131Z"></path></svg></div><span class="sc-9967660-2 bBAxiJ">If you can imagine little nursery kids, so you're talking three, four year olds coming along and planting a wee tree with a spade. When they're 20, this is going to be a woodland – Heather Beaton</span></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Luxury hotels and golf clubs have sprung up across the world, sometimes damaging precious ecosystems in the process. In just one example, in 2017 a <a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-48789620" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">golf course built by now US president Donald Trump</a> in Aberdeenshire was found by a Scottish government watchdog to have "destroyed” the sand dune system it was built on, causing <a target="_blank" href="https://www.nature.scot/doc/reasons-proposed-partial-denotification-foveran-links-sssi" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">permanent habitat loss</a> and loss of its status as a <a target="_blank" href="https://www.nature.scot/professional-advice/protected-areas-and-species/protected-areas/national-designations/sites-special-scientific-interest-sssis" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">site of special scientific interest</a> (SSSI). Responding to a request for comment about these criticisms, Sarah Malone, executive vice president of Trump International, Scotland, called the reports "inaccurate and grossly misleading".</p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">"Nature Scot [Scotland's conservation body] ignored and neglected the dunes under the previous ownership and have barely set foot on this site over the past 20 years," she said. "Their own assessment acknowledged that many attributes of the SSSI – which was, in fact, less than 3% of our vast estate – had flourished since the first golf course was completed in 2012. Trump International's ongoing investment and care of the land is beyond question, as anyone who actually visits the property will attest."</p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">A separate proposal for an 18-hole golf course on another fragile Scottish dune sand ecosystem <a target="_blank" href="https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/business/local/6629448/coul-links-support-at-public-meeting-embo/" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">continues to divide public opinion</a>.</p></div><div data-component="ad-slot" data-testid="ad-unit" class="sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG"><div data-testid="dotcom-mid_3" id="dotcom-mid_3" class="dotcom-ad"></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">There are other environmental impacts of golf courses alongside land use. In the US, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.scga.org/images/uploads/about/19898/2022_golf_course_environmental_profile_report_(1)_compressed.pdf" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">an estimated 1.5 billion gallons (5.7 billion litres) of water a day</a> is used to irrigate golf courses, mostly from lakes and onsite wells. Courses are also treated with <a target="_blank" href="https://www.gcsaa.org/docs/default-source/environment/22_nutrient_report_web.pdf?sfvrsn=952fcd3e_0" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">some 100,000 tonnes of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash a year</a>. Run off from these fertilisers and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969723011142" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">pesticides</a> have been found to cause risks to <a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28810201/" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">humans</a>, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2105692118" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">wildlife</a> and the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.usda.gov/about-usda/news/blog/ars-scientists-explore-ways-minimize-runoff-golf-courses" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">environment</a>.</p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">"Certainly, some of the key environmental concerns with golf over time have involved pesticide spraying, the quantity of water used, especially in times of drought, and the significant amount of land sometimes needed for a golf course," says Brad Millington, associate professor of sport management at Brock University in Ontario, Canada, and co-author of <a target="_blank" href="https://manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk/9781784993276/" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">The greening of golf</a>.</p></div><figure><div data-component="image-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 jFCfG"><div data-testid="image" class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160xn/p0krbn7w.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240xn/p0krbn7w.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320xn/p0krbn7w.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0krbn7w.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640xn/p0krbn7w.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800xn/p0krbn7w.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024xn/p0krbn7w.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376xn/p0krbn7w.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920xn/p0krbn7w.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0krbn7w.jpg.webp" alt="Jocelyn Timperley Vegetation now surrounds what used to be the first tee at The Plock (Credit: Jocelyn Timperley)" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/><span class="sc-a34861b-2 fxQYxK">Jocelyn Timperley</span></div></div><div data-component="caption-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ"><figcaption class="sc-8353772e-0 cvNhQw">Vegetation now surrounds what used to be the first tee at The Plock (Credit: Jocelyn Timperley)</figcaption></div></figure><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">The environmental impact of golf has also developed over time, Millington adds, as humans have developed the capacity to build golf courses "seemingly just about anywhere", no matter the type of land.</p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Golf has increasingly become a target for environmental activists. <a target="_blank" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/feb/25/rio-2016-occupy-takes-swing-at-olympic-golf-course" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Brazilian activists</a> camped out on a highway in Rio de Janeiro ahead of the 2016 Olympics, to protest the city's decision to build a new course on an area of environmental protection. In 2022, climate activists in France filled golf course holes with cement to protest an <a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-62532840" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">exemption from water bans</a> amidst a severe drought. In 2024, Extinction Rebellion activists <a target="_blank" href="https://news.sky.com/story/extinction-rebellion-climate-change-protest-disrupts-pga-golf-tournament-in-connecticut-13157957" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">disrupted the Travellers Championship</a>, a golf competition in Connecticut, spraying coloured smoke and powder and sporting t-shirts reading, "No golf on a dead planet".</p></div><div data-component="ad-slot" data-testid="ad-unit" class="sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG"><div data-testid="dotcom-mid_4" id="dotcom-mid_4" class="dotcom-ad"></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7765/9781526107039.00018/html?lang=en&srsltid=AfmBOoqKy2qc40rJDtnetreqbdvxPtiGIaBgBmRQqXCWyj07gbVhyJK-" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Some anti-golf movements</a> completely reject golf, a view that's become <a target="_blank" href="https://www.reddit.com/r/nongolfers/" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">common to see</a> on <a target="_blank" href="https://www.tiktok.com/tag/antigolf" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">social media</a> in recent years. But the overall impact of any individual golf course depends on a huge array of factors, says Millington: the amount of non-recycled water and pesticides used in maintenance, for example, and what was there before the golf course was built in the first place. </p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">From an environmental standpoint, it's also worth considering what else the land might be used for. Land disused for golf can <a target="_blank" href="https://www.bizjournals.com/cincinnati/news/2023/09/14/country-club-golf-course-challenge-redevelopment.html" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">end up being developed for housing</a> or commercial ventures. And while building housing is important for <a target="_blank" href="https://nationalmortgageprofessional.com/news/us-now-short-45-million-homes" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">many other reasons</a>, concreting over part of the land may well not improve the environmental profile of an ex-golf course, leading <a target="_blank" href="https://www.theguardian.com/society/2023/dec/06/why-building-homes-on-golf-courses-is-a-terrible-idea" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">some to argue brownfield sites</a> should be used instead.</p></div><div data-component="quote-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><div class="sc-9967660-0 WkJHg"><div class="sc-9967660-1 dBFvZy"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="1em" height="1em" category="personalisation" icon="quote" class="sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou"><path d="M9.83967 17.2131C9.205 17.2131 8.62967 17.3124 8.07567 17.5058C8.63767 13.3384 10.9143 10.0091 14.7517 6.88708H10.0903C6.281 10.2704 4.00033 14.6318 4.00033 20.0451C4.00033 24.4311 6.35567 26.9371 9.78967 26.9371C13.0223 26.9371 14.9023 24.5564 14.9023 21.9751C14.9023 19.2184 12.7217 17.2131 9.83967 17.2131Z"></path><path d="M22.2957 17.2131C21.6611 17.2131 21.0864 17.3124 20.5317 17.5058C21.0931 13.3384 23.3704 10.0091 27.2077 6.88708H22.5464C18.7371 10.2704 16.4811 14.6318 16.4811 20.0451C16.4811 24.4311 18.8117 26.9371 22.2457 26.9371C25.4784 26.9371 27.3584 24.5564 27.3584 21.9751C27.3584 19.2184 25.1777 17.2131 22.2957 17.2131Z"></path></svg></div><span class="sc-9967660-2 bBAxiJ">The land covered by golf courses in the US fell by 12% between 2005 and 2021</span></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">During the decades that the Plock was a golf course, meanwhile, some of its natural habitats remained. Most of the woodland here is natural, and the peat bog, while deliberately drained by golfers, also survived, based on the depth of peat, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.nature.scot/sites/default/files/2019-04/Peatland%20Action%20-%20COMMS%20-%20Materials%20-%20LEAFLET%20-%20Carbon%20Facts%20and%20Figures%20leaflet%20screen%20-%20with%20full%20reference%20list%20-%202019%20UPDATE.pdf" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">which accumulates very slowly</a>, Beaton estimates it could be over 1,000 years old.</p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Previously used for farming, the Plock was never a high-end golf course: it first opened for the community in the 1920s by the local lord and lady, says Beaton, and after various ups and downs the course eventually petered out in the mid 2000s. For a time the land was left largely to its own devices. In 2019, the trust which owned the land passed it to the local <a target="_blank" href="https://www.lochalsh.uk/" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Kyle of Lochalsh Community Trust</a>, which opted for it to become parkland. "It was just overgrown and abandoned and just unloved, really severely unloved," says Beaton. "A lot of effort has gone into bringing it back."</p></div><div data-component="ad-slot" data-testid="ad-unit" class="sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG"><div data-testid="dotcom-mid_5" id="dotcom-mid_5" class="dotcom-ad"></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">The main green, previously kept short and highly manicured for golf, had become a dense area of tussocky grass. Now it is managed as a permanent wildflower meadow with over 80 species of flowering plant, from native orchids to pignuts and goldenrods, and heaves with butterflies and other insects. "In the height of summer, it is just beautiful. It's absolutely beautiful," says Beaton.</p></div><figure><div data-component="image-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 jFCfG"><div data-testid="image" class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160xn/p0krbnkf.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240xn/p0krbnkf.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320xn/p0krbnkf.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0krbnkf.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640xn/p0krbnkf.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800xn/p0krbnkf.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024xn/p0krbnkf.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376xn/p0krbnkf.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920xn/p0krbnkf.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0krbnkf.jpg.webp" alt="Jocelyn Timperley The Plock includes several small natural harbours where people can swim in the sea or enjoy the view (Credit: Jocelyn Timperley)" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/><span class="sc-a34861b-2 fxQYxK">Jocelyn Timperley</span></div></div><div data-component="caption-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ"><figcaption class="sc-8353772e-0 cvNhQw">The Plock includes several small natural harbours where people can swim in the sea or enjoy the view (Credit: Jocelyn Timperley)</figcaption></div></figure><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Many of the golf tees, meanwhile, have been reclaimed by scrub and will, in time, naturally become woodland, says Beaton. Fresh water is being brought back, supporting its new otter population. The peatland is being rewetted, a measure which can <a target="_blank" href="https://www.ramsar.org/sites/default/files/documents/library/rtr11_peatland_rewetting_restoration_e.pdf" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">stunt carbon emissions</a> and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0925857418300521" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">bring back species</a>.</p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Beaton, who is in her mid-30s, clearly has an unbridled affection for the Plock. She grew up on a farm in the Scottish borders and previously <a target="_blank" href="https://community.rspb.org.uk/ourwork/b/scotland/posts/an-introduction-to-loch-druidibeg" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">worked as a warden</a> on Uist in the Outer Hebrides, before moving to Kyle of Lochalsh in 2021 to start work as one of the Plock's two rangers. "We just work away to make it as good a place as possible for all the visitors and users, whether human or wildlife," she says.</p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">The struggle, as always, is money. The transformation of the Plock has largely been supported by <a target="_blank" href="https://www.lochalsh.uk/evaluation-for-plock-masterplan-heritage-lottery-funding/" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">grants</a>. The trust has explored other options: charging for scything training, a secondhand shop and community facilities, including a laundrette it runs in the village. But it will need something larger scale to become self-sustaining, says Beaton: likely some kind of onsite tourist accommodation. It also hopes to build a traditional-build longhouse to use as a small museum, ticketed for tourists. "I think the sustainable income is going to be the big challenge," says Beaton. "How we approach that, how we develop that, that is going to be the big question."</p></div><div data-component="ad-slot" data-testid="ad-unit" class="sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG"><div data-testid="dotcom-mid_6" id="dotcom-mid_6" class="dotcom-ad"></div></div><div data-component="quote-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><div class="sc-9967660-0 WkJHg"><div class="sc-9967660-1 dBFvZy"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="1em" height="1em" category="personalisation" icon="quote" class="sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou"><path d="M9.83967 17.2131C9.205 17.2131 8.62967 17.3124 8.07567 17.5058C8.63767 13.3384 10.9143 10.0091 14.7517 6.88708H10.0903C6.281 10.2704 4.00033 14.6318 4.00033 20.0451C4.00033 24.4311 6.35567 26.9371 9.78967 26.9371C13.0223 26.9371 14.9023 24.5564 14.9023 21.9751C14.9023 19.2184 12.7217 17.2131 9.83967 17.2131Z"></path><path d="M22.2957 17.2131C21.6611 17.2131 21.0864 17.3124 20.5317 17.5058C21.0931 13.3384 23.3704 10.0091 27.2077 6.88708H22.5464C18.7371 10.2704 16.4811 14.6318 16.4811 20.0451C16.4811 24.4311 18.8117 26.9371 22.2457 26.9371C25.4784 26.9371 27.3584 24.5564 27.3584 21.9751C27.3584 19.2184 25.1777 17.2131 22.2957 17.2131Z"></path></svg></div><span class="sc-9967660-2 bBAxiJ">You can make a golf course in lots of places… but you can't make something like this – William Roe</span></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Magical as it is, the Plock is certainly miniscule. But it's not an isolated example of an ex-golf course being repurposed for nature. Projects are springing up in <a target="_blank" href="https://www.nature.scot/funding-and-projects/green-infrastructure-strategic-intervention/projects/capital-infrastructure-projects/fernbrae-meadows" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Scotland</a>, the <a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/uk-england-merseyside-64281602" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">wider UK</a> as well as across the Atlantic in <a target="_blank" href="https://www.fllt.org/finger-lakes-land-trust-to-convert-former-golf-course-to-wildlife-habitat-expand-cayuga-lake-conservation-area/" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">the US</a> and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.rewildingmag.com/when-golf-courses-go-wild/" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Canada</a>.</p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">In 2018, The Trust for Public Land (TPL), a US non-profit, bought the 157-acre (64-hectare) <a target="_blank" href="https://www.tpl.org/our-work/san-geronimo-commons" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">San Geronimo Golf Course in California</a> and set about creating a new commons and restoring its wildlife and streams. At the time, the golf course was likely one of the top 10 water users in Marin County, says Erica Williams, who led the TPL's work on the park.</p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">San Geronimo Golf Course was a "once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to create a climate-resilient ecosystem", says Williams, by reconnecting the property's creeks and waterways as well as recreating its historic floodplain.</p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">The trust opened pathways to the public and stopped irrigating the land. It worked with partners to restore the ecosystem of the endangered coho salmon. "The 2024 spawning season brought record numbers of spawning salmon to the San Geronimo Valley watershed, particularly to Larsen Creek," says Williams. <a target="_blank" href="https://inaturalist.ca/check_lists/4332026-San-Geronimo-Commons-Check-List?page=2" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Hundreds of species</a> have been spotted in the park: everything from deer, coyote and bobcats to native egrets, ducks and hawks, along with dozens of native plant species.</p></div><div data-component="ad-slot" data-testid="ad-unit" class="sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG"><div data-testid="dotcom-mid_7" id="dotcom-mid_7" class="dotcom-ad"></div></div><figure><div data-component="image-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 jFCfG"><div data-testid="image" class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160xn/p0krbnpc.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240xn/p0krbnpc.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320xn/p0krbnpc.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0krbnpc.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640xn/p0krbnpc.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800xn/p0krbnpc.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024xn/p0krbnpc.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376xn/p0krbnpc.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920xn/p0krbnpc.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0krbnpc.jpg.webp" alt="Trust for Public Land The Trust for Public Land restored rivers in San Geronimo golf course, resulting in record numbers of spawning salmon in 2024 (Credit: Trust for Public Land)" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/><span class="sc-a34861b-2 fxQYxK">Trust for Public Land</span></div></div><div data-component="caption-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ"><figcaption class="sc-8353772e-0 cvNhQw">The Trust for Public Land restored rivers in San Geronimo golf course, resulting in record numbers of spawning salmon in 2024 (Credit: Trust for Public Land)</figcaption></div></figure><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">While some people did experience the loss of the golf course, many residents and users have expressed "their deep gratitude for this beautiful now publicly accessible landscape", says Williams. "Overall, the public reaction has been quite positive," she says.</p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">In August 2024, the TPL transferred ownership of the San Geronimo Golf Couse, now known as the San Geronimo Commons, to the local government<b id="," class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf">, </b>including <a target="_blank" href="https://www.tpl.org/our-work/san-geronimo-commons" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">land set aside for a future fire station</a>. The TPL has used a similar model of restoration and transfer to public ownership with <a target="_blank" href="https://www.tpl.org/our-work/upper-devereux-slough-ocean-meadows" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">several</a> other <a target="_blank" href="https://www.tpl.org/our-work/palo-corona-regional-park" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">golf courses</a>, usually ones that were becoming financially unviable, says Williams.</p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">In fact, snapping up golf course land for rewilding in the US makes a lot of sense, because <a target="_blank" href="https://www.gcsaa.org/docs/default-source/environment/gcep-property-report-phase-3-final-update-6-27.pdf?sfvrsn=4517cf3e_0" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">the land covered by golf courses</a> has been decreasing for decades, falling by 12% between 2005 and 2021. "Given the climate crisis, there's a good case to use [this land] to address problems such as biodiversity loss," says Millington.</p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe"><b id="more-like-this:" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf">More like this:</b></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe"><a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/future/article/20241105-can-a-decoy-ploy-save-capercaillies-in-the-scottish-highlands" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">• The decoy ploy to save Scotland's elusive capercaillie</a></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe"><a target="_blank" href="" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB"></a><a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/future/article/20250130-the-little-bug-with-a-big-appetite-turning-organic-waste-into-sustainable-fertiliser" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">• How bug poo can help reverse the soil crisis</a></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe"><a target="_blank" href="" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB"></a><a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/future/article/20250107-the-key-climate-and-nature-moments-to-look-out-for-in-2025" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">• Seven big climate and nature moments coming in 2025</a></p></div><div data-component="ad-slot" data-testid="ad-unit" class="sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG"><div data-testid="dotcom-mid_8" id="dotcom-mid_8" class="dotcom-ad"></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Golf course properties are often large, adds Williams, and by design often built within larger natural landscapes near natural features, such as creeks and streams. "They are often relatively flat, with cart paths and trails that allow for public access." Long broad golf course airways can present a unique opportunity for wildlife corridors, she adds. Plus, they tend to consume a lot of water, meaning rewilding can help with significant water conservation.</p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Of course, closure is not the only way to bring nature back into golf courses. In some cases, the TPL has <a target="_blank" href="https://www.tpl.org/our-work/applewood-golf-course" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">saved golf courses</a> that were <a target="_blank" href="https://www.tpl.org/blog/colwood-park" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">otherwise set for closure</a>, and worked to <a target="_blank" href="https://www.tpl.org/blog/when-private-golf-courses-land-rough-communities-tee-public-parks" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">open up the game to everyone</a> while also managing the land in a way that works for wildlife. On many actively used golf courses around the world, greenskeepers are making efforts to <a target="_blank" href="https://www.usga.org/course-care/green-section-record.html#sectionFilters=research" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">manage the land to better support nature</a>, which is <a target="_blank" href="https://www.syngentagolf.com/how-courses-are-blending-golf-nature" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">often cheaper too</a>.</p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">In fact, in the US <a target="_blank" href="https://www.gcsaa.org/docs/default-source/environment/22_nutrient_report_web.pdf?sfvrsn=952fcd3e_0" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">fertiliser</a> and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.scga.org/images/uploads/about/19898/2022_golf_course_environmental_profile_report_(1)_compressed.pdf" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">water use</a> in golf have substantially decreased in recent decades – in part due to course closures, but largely due to management changes.</p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Naturalised areas, sections of the golf course that <a target="_blank" href="https://www.usga.org/content/usga/home-page/articles/2019/04/3-things-naturalized-areas-golf.html" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">aren't so heavily maintained</a>, have also been on the rise. In 2015 survey, <a target="_blank" href="https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2134/cftm2016.10.0066" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">46% of US golf courses said</a> they had increased the land dedicated to naturalised areas over the past decade, with just 5% saying they had decreased it.</p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">"This can be done to reduce maintenance costs but there can be an environmental angle as well, such as enabling wildlife to flourish," says Millington.</p></div><div data-component="ad-slot" data-testid="ad-unit" class="sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG"><div data-testid="dotcom-mid_9" id="dotcom-mid_9" class="dotcom-ad"></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">However, while many golfers support wilding efforts on non-play areas, there can be <a target="_blank" href="https://www.usga.org/content/usga/home-page/articles/2019/04/3-things-naturalized-areas-golf.html" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">trade offs in terms of playability</a> of having more dense vegetation around.</p></div><figure><div data-component="image-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 jFCfG"><div data-testid="image" class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160xn/p0krbnvb.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240xn/p0krbnvb.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320xn/p0krbnvb.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0krbnvb.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640xn/p0krbnvb.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800xn/p0krbnvb.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024xn/p0krbnvb.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376xn/p0krbnvb.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920xn/p0krbnvb.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0krbnvb.jpg.webp" alt="Jocelyn Timperley Golf courses that are being made a little wilder can offer lessons for other types of land as well, says Plock ranger Heather Beaton (Credit: Jocelyn Timperley)" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/><span class="sc-a34861b-2 fxQYxK">Jocelyn Timperley</span></div></div><div data-component="caption-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ"><figcaption class="sc-8353772e-0 cvNhQw">Golf courses that are being made a little wilder can offer lessons for other types of land as well, says Plock ranger Heather Beaton (Credit: Jocelyn Timperley)</figcaption></div></figure><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Golf courses that are being made a little wilder can offer lessons for other types of land as well. "I do think there's ways of introducing nature into manicured landscapes,” says Beaton. "You can do it in cities, you can do it in any sort of any land."</p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Because ultimately, what managers of many rewilded golf courses tend to emphasise is the benefit to local people. At San Geronimo, people from across the San Francisco Bay Area come to hike, bike, walk their dogs and ride horses, says Williams. "One thing that is absolutely wonderful to see is the multigenerational use, made possible by the property's gentle terrain. I've seen family members, young and old, walking together on the land."</p></div><div data-component="callout-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 eLrdPC"><section class="sc-e11d1f0-0 eVThlc"><div class="sc-e11d1f0-1 kDQByp"><p class="sc-e11d1f0-3 enuiUn">Carbon Count</p><div class="sc-e11d1f0-2 ewSByo"><div class="sc-e11d1f0-4 fzKnud"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe"><i id="the-emissions-from-travel-it-took-to-report-this-story-were-3.8kg-co2.-the-digital-emissions-from-this-story-are-an-estimated-1.2g-to-3.6g-co2-per-page-view." class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog">The emissions from travel it took to report this story were 3.8kg CO2. The digital emissions from this story are an estimated 1.2g to 3.6g CO2 per page view. </i><a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200131-why-and-how-does-future-planet-count-carbon" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB"><i id="find-out-more-about-how-we-calculated-this-figure-here." class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog">Find out more about how we calculated this figure here.</i></a></p></div></div></div></section></div><div data-component="ad-slot" data-testid="ad-unit" class="sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG"><div data-testid="dotcom-mid_10" id="dotcom-mid_10" class="dotcom-ad"></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">At the Plock, nestled helpfully close to the town of Kyle of Lochalsh, paths now wind through the tightly knit ecosystems, many of them disabled-friendly. The Plock runs guided walks, a mental health support group and scything classes (useful for locals with big gardens or crofts who want to cut away overgrown bracken).</p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">It also hosts groups of local schoolchildren, who sometimes help with restoration efforts. "If you can imagine little nursery kids, so you're talking three, four year olds coming along and planting a wee tree with a spade," Beaton says of one recent visit. "And then I had to come back afterwards and just make sure they were properly in the ground. But you know, they did that. When they're 20, this is going to be a woodland."</p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Leaving the Plock after my walk with Beaton, I meet William Roe, a local who comes here to walk his two Hungarian vizsla dogs almost every day. I ask him whether it’s a shame to have lost the golf course, but he shakes his head. "You can make a golf course in lots of places… but you can't make something like this." There are oak trees here, he adds, that are more than 200 years old. "And that just tells you that this place has been special for a long time, and I hope it will be forever more," he says.</p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe"><i id="jocelyn-timperley-is-a-senior-reporter-for-bbc-future.-you-can-find-her-on-x" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog">Jocelyn Timperley is a senior reporter for BBC Future. You can find her on X </i><a target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/jloistf" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB"><i id="@jloistf" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog">@jloistf</i></a><i id="." class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog">.</i></p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">--</p></div><div data-component="ad-slot" data-testid="ad-unit" class="sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG"><div data-testid="dotcom-mid_11" id="dotcom-mid_11" class="dotcom-ad"></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe"><i id="for-essential-climate-news-and-hopeful-developments-to-your-inbox,-sign-up-to-the" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog">For essential climate news and hopeful developments to your inbox, sign up to the </i><a target="_self" 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data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-3df0d64d-0 kMyFYO">Climate</a></div><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/future/tags/biodiversity" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-3df0d64d-0 kMyFYO">Biodiversity</a></div><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/future/tags/sports" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-3df0d64d-0 kMyFYO">Sports</a></div><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/future/tags/pollution" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-3df0d64d-0 kMyFYO">Pollution</a></div><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/future/tags/features" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-3df0d64d-0 kMyFYO">Features</a></div></div></div></article><aside data-testid="texas-section-outer" data-analytics-group="true" data-analytics_group_type="texas-20" data-analytics_group_position="1" data-analytics_group_item_count="20" data-analytics_group_name="Watch" class="sc-ba42a659-1 cYqRar"><div data-testid="texas-section" class="sc-ba42a659-2 jqWjKw"><div class="sc-7a382a26-2 lhbHDZ"><div class="sc-7a382a26-1 vyVNI"><hr data-testid="texas-line" class="sc-7a382a26-0 cZNAZj"/></div><div data-testid="section-title-wrapper" class="sc-7a382a26-3 gOPBZn"><div><div class="sc-7a382a26-7 jlJwDB"><span data-testid="texas-title" class="sc-7a382a26-4 gtFsyR">Watch</span></div></div></div></div><div data-testid="texas-grid" class="sc-8a8cf983-0 iYKspt"><div class="sc-8a8cf983-1 gaQDrT"><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0kp4ktl/bovine-language-studying-how-cows-talk-to-each-other" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 bZpnTf"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0ks7y5b.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0ks7y5b.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0ks7y5b.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0ks7y5b.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0ks7y5b.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0ks7y5b.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0ks7y5b.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0ks7y5b.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0ks7y5b.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0ks7y5b.jpg.webp" alt="Cows might have their own language" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Bovine language: Studying how cows talk to each other</h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">Leonie Cornips, a sociolinguist at the Meertens Institute in Amsterdam, turns her attention from humans to cows.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">22 hrs ago</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Future Planet</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0kgbhr9/raja-the-elephant-asking-for-a-road-toll" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 bZpnTf"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0kmn3fl.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0kmn3fl.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0kmn3fl.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0kmn3fl.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0kmn3fl.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0kmn3fl.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0kmn3fl.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0kmn3fl.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0kmn3fl.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0kmn3fl.jpg.webp" alt="Roger the elephant asking for a road toll" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Raja the elephant asking for a road toll</h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">In Sri Lanka, a charming elephant cheekily halts traffic for treats. </p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">29 Jan 2025</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Earth</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0kg9vy3/inside-the-hidden-world-of-rhino-romance" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 bZpnTf"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0klpfx9.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0klpfx9.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0klpfx9.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0klpfx9.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0klpfx9.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0klpfx9.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0klpfx9.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0klpfx9.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0klpfx9.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0klpfx9.jpg.webp" alt="Inside the hidden world of rhino romance" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Inside the hidden world of rhino romance</h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">Watch two rhinoceroses involved in a game of 'kiss and chase'.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">24 Jan 2025</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Earth</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0kgb8bw/a-mother-tiger-on-a-fierce-hunt-to-feed-her-cubs" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 bZpnTf"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0kjwjj4.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0kjwjj4.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0kjwjj4.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0kjwjj4.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0kjwjj4.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0kjwjj4.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0kjwjj4.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0kjwjj4.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0kjwjj4.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0kjwjj4.jpg.webp" alt="Mother tiger hunts to feed her grown-up cubs" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">A mother tiger on a fierce hunt to feed her cubs</h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">While her three offspring take a leisurely bath, this Bengal tiger mother must find food for the entire family.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">16 Jan 2025</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Earth</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0kg9pkz/how-foxes-outsmart-world-s-heaviest-raptor-in-quest-for-food" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 bZpnTf"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0kh59tp.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0kh59tp.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0kh59tp.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0kh59tp.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0kh59tp.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0kh59tp.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0kh59tp.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0kh59tp.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0kh59tp.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0kh59tp.jpg.webp" alt="How foxes outsmart birds in the quest for food" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">How foxes outsmart world's heaviest raptor in quest for food</h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">Watch red foxes challenge the Steller's sea eagle, the world's heaviest raptor, as they search for food in Japan.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">8 Jan 2025</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Earth</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0kfz5wq/mum-saves-baby-seal-with-a-clever-trick" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 bZpnTf"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0kg006p.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0kg006p.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0kg006p.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0kg006p.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0kg006p.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0kg006p.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0kg006p.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0kg006p.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0kg006p.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0kg006p.jpg.webp" alt="A baby seal saved by its mum" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Mum saves baby seal with a clever trick</h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">Watch as David Attenborough reveals the unique behaviour of a mother seal to protect her pup in icy waters.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">31 Dec 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Earth</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0kcdnx2/mountain-goats-a-death-defying-battle-to-mate" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 bZpnTf"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0kcf193.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0kcf193.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0kcf193.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0kcf193.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0kcf193.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0kcf193.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0kcf193.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0kcf193.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0kcf193.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0kcf193.jpg.webp" alt="A death-defying battle for mating" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Mountain goats: A death-defying battle to mate</h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">Watch the world's largest species of goat fight for the right to mate, teetering on the edge of perilous drops.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">17 Dec 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Earth</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0kbdxh2/the-near-miraculous-escape-of-a-cave-swift" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 bZpnTf"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0kbf3f4.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0kbf3f4.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0kbf3f4.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0kbf3f4.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0kbf3f4.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0kbf3f4.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0kbf3f4.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0kbf3f4.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0kbf3f4.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0kbf3f4.jpg.webp" alt="A near miraculous escape" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">The near miraculous escape of a cave swift</h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">The Tam Nam Lod Cave is home to over a quarter of a million swifts. But there are hidden dangers.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">12 Dec 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Earth</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0kb73d9/these-animal-photos-won-funniest-of-the-year" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 bZpnTf"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0kb94qx.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0kb94qx.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0kb94qx.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0kb94qx.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0kb94qx.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0kb94qx.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0kb94qx.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0kb94qx.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0kb94qx.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0kb94qx.jpg.webp" alt="Watch the funniest animal photos of the year" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">These animal photos won funniest of the year</h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">The Comedy Wildlife Photography Awards held their annual ceremony, crowning the funniest animal photos of 2024.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">11 Dec 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Future Planet</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0k6x6lp/meet-the-mudskipper-the-remarkable-fish-that-lives-on-land" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 bZpnTf"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0k8j94s.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0k8j94s.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0k8j94s.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k8j94s.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0k8j94s.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0k8j94s.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0k8j94s.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0k8j94s.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0k8j94s.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0k8j94s.jpg.webp" alt="Meet the mudskipper: The remarkable fish that live on land" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Meet the 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category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Inside the world's largest hurricane simulator</h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">At the University of Miami, a large indoor air-sea interaction test facility measures the impact of storms.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">27 Aug 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Earth</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0jkkyc6/in-australia-sea-lions-help-researchers-map-the-ocean-floor" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 bZpnTf"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0jklf59.png.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0jklf59.png.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0jklf59.png.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jklf59.png.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0jklf59.png.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0jklf59.png.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0jklf59.png.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0jklf59.png.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0jklf59.png.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jklf59.png.webp" alt="Screenshot 2024 08 20 at 2 00 51 PM min" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">In Australia, sea lions help researchers map the ocean floor</h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">Researchers in Australia put cameras on sea lions' backs to help them map the elusive ocean floor.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">21 Aug 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Earth</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0cj109h/the-deadly-plants-hiding-in-your-garden" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 bZpnTf"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0chx468.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0chx468.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0chx468.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0chx468.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0chx468.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0chx468.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0chx468.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0chx468.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0chx468.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0chx468.jpg.webp" alt="B5 X2 WA" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">The deadly plants hiding in your garden</h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">The Poison Garden at the Alnwick Garden has around 100 toxic, intoxicating, and narcotic plants.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">20 Aug 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Nature</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0jgsff2/the-scientists-drilling-into-an-active-icelandic-volcano" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 bZpnTf"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0jhk026.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0jhk026.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0jhk026.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jhk026.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0jhk026.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0jhk026.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0jhk026.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0jhk026.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0jhk026.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jhk026.jpg.webp" alt="The scientists drilling into an anctive Icelandic volcano" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">The scientists drilling into an active Icelandic volcano</h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">Scientists are preparing to drill into the rock of an Icelandic volcano to learn more about how volcanoes behave.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">17 Aug 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Climate solutions</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0cjxx9x/earth-s-spectacular-and-remote-capital-of-lightning" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 bZpnTf"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0ck00fw.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0ck00fw.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0ck00fw.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0ck00fw.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0ck00fw.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0ck00fw.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0ck00fw.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0ck00fw.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0ck00fw.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0ck00fw.jpg.webp" alt="Catatumbo lightning" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Earth's spectacular and remote 'capital' of lightning</h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">With storms occurring between 140 to 160 nights a year, it's no wonder the area is a world record holder.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">6 Aug 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">World of wonder</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0jg7gxh/less-is-more-can-degrowth-save-the-world-" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 bZpnTf"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0jhy6cw.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0jhy6cw.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0jhy6cw.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jhy6cw.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0jhy6cw.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0jhy6cw.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0jhy6cw.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0jhy6cw.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0jhy6cw.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jhy6cw.jpg.webp" alt="Less is more: Can degrowth save the world?" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Less is more: Can degrowth save the world?</h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">The degrowth movement questions the feasibility of the idea of endless economic growth on a finite planet.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">3 Aug 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Business</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0jfr9y6/why-is-the-seine-only-kind-of-clean-" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 bZpnTf"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0jfrc8h.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0jfrc8h.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0jfrc8h.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jfrc8h.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0jfrc8h.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0jfrc8h.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0jfrc8h.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0jfrc8h.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0jfrc8h.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0jfrc8h.jpg.webp" alt="Why is the Seine only 'kind of clean'?" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Why is the Seine only 'kind of clean'?</h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">Despite big investments, the river is still unsafe after heavy rains. Did all the money go down the drain?</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">1 Aug 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Earth</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></aside><aside data-testid="alaska-section-outer" data-analytics-group="true" data-analytics_group_type="alaska-5" data-analytics_group_position="2" data-analytics_group_item_count="5" data-analytics_group_name="More" class="sc-ba42a659-1 GdVOW"><div data-testid="alaska-section" class="sc-ba42a659-2 jqWjKw"><div class="sc-7a382a26-2 lhbHDZ"><div class="sc-7a382a26-1 vyVNI"><hr data-testid="alaska-line" class="sc-7a382a26-0 iphYZF"/></div><div data-testid="section-title-wrapper" class="sc-7a382a26-3 gOPBZn"><div><div class="sc-7a382a26-7 jlJwDB"><span data-testid="alaska-title" class="sc-7a382a26-4 gQxUVz">More</span></div></div></div></div><div class="sc-da05643e-0 kbaPPZ"><div data-testid="alaska-grid" class="sc-93223220-0 sc-da05643e-1 fiJvSm djXsFQ"><div data-testid="liverpool-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/news/articles/c5ym3r0m186o" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div class="sc-ae29827d-4 ypQFr"><div class="sc-ae29827d-1 hAmwyA"><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 bFzmvn"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 bCFJJn">45 mins ago</span></div></div><div data-testid="liverpool-article" class="sc-ae29827d-3 khCtOO"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-ae29827d-5 jVhDCQ"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-ae29827d-2 bgogNC"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 600px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/36e3/live/f06dfc00-eef6-11ef-a319-fb4e7360c4ec.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/36e3/live/f06dfc00-eef6-11ef-a319-fb4e7360c4ec.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/36e3/live/f06dfc00-eef6-11ef-a319-fb4e7360c4ec.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/36e3/live/f06dfc00-eef6-11ef-a319-fb4e7360c4ec.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/36e3/live/f06dfc00-eef6-11ef-a319-fb4e7360c4ec.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/cpsprodpb/36e3/live/f06dfc00-eef6-11ef-a319-fb4e7360c4ec.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1536/cpsprodpb/36e3/live/f06dfc00-eef6-11ef-a319-fb4e7360c4ec.jpg.webp 1536w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/36e3/live/f06dfc00-eef6-11ef-a319-fb4e7360c4ec.jpg.webp" alt="Drops of water on a green leaf" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-ae29827d-6 dzMUxv"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 gTeoVH"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 gRBdkE">City dwellers urged to dig for biodiversity</h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-ae29827d-0 cNPpME">A council wants residents to help them plant "mini forests" in Peterborough.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 kZsXRf"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 bffMcX">45 mins ago</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 eQhLId"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 bHkTZK">Peterborough</span></div></div></div></div></a></div></div><div data-testid="liverpool-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/news/articles/cn9vlqypnvno" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div class="sc-ae29827d-4 ypQFr"><div class="sc-ae29827d-1 hAmwyA"><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 bFzmvn"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 bCFJJn">49 mins ago</span></div></div><div data-testid="liverpool-article" class="sc-ae29827d-3 khCtOO"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-ae29827d-5 jVhDCQ"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-ae29827d-2 bgogNC"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 600px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/e356/live/025099f0-eeb6-11ef-b768-7fded6d3f1bf.png.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/e356/live/025099f0-eeb6-11ef-b768-7fded6d3f1bf.png.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/e356/live/025099f0-eeb6-11ef-b768-7fded6d3f1bf.png.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/e356/live/025099f0-eeb6-11ef-b768-7fded6d3f1bf.png.webp 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It says: "special price 13p" on it." class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-ae29827d-6 dzMUxv"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 gTeoVH"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 gRBdkE">Forty-year-old chocolate wrapper found in river</h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-ae29827d-0 cNPpME">The Tees Rivers Trust says the discovery in the River Leven is "certainly not unusual".</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 kZsXRf"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 bffMcX">49 mins ago</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 eQhLId"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 bHkTZK">Tees</span></div></div></div></div></a></div></div><div data-testid="liverpool-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/news/articles/cvgw3l7p79po" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div class="sc-ae29827d-4 ypQFr"><div class="sc-ae29827d-1 hAmwyA"><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 bFzmvn"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 bCFJJn">2 hrs ago</span></div></div><div data-testid="liverpool-article" class="sc-ae29827d-3 khCtOO"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-ae29827d-5 jVhDCQ"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-ae29827d-2 bgogNC"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 600px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/ca78/live/16b17fe0-eed9-11ef-b7c5-c772dd3549de.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/ca78/live/16b17fe0-eed9-11ef-b7c5-c772dd3549de.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/ca78/live/16b17fe0-eed9-11ef-b7c5-c772dd3549de.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/ca78/live/16b17fe0-eed9-11ef-b7c5-c772dd3549de.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/ca78/live/16b17fe0-eed9-11ef-b7c5-c772dd3549de.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/cpsprodpb/ca78/live/16b17fe0-eed9-11ef-b7c5-c772dd3549de.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1536/cpsprodpb/ca78/live/16b17fe0-eed9-11ef-b7c5-c772dd3549de.jpg.webp 1536w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/ca78/live/16b17fe0-eed9-11ef-b7c5-c772dd3549de.jpg.webp" alt="An aerial image showing a dense collection of homes and a dirt playing field in the Flor de Poblacion encampment in Alto Hospicio, Chile. The ground looks dry and dusty and there are barren mountains in the background " class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-ae29827d-6 dzMUxv"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 gTeoVH"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 gRBdkE">Fog harvesting could provide water for arid cities</h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-ae29827d-0 cNPpME">Research in Chile could help to provide drinking water for some of the world's most arid places.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 kZsXRf"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 bffMcX">2 hrs ago</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 eQhLId"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 bHkTZK">Latin America</span></div></div></div></div></a></div></div><div data-testid="liverpool-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/news/articles/cp8yn2r84j5o" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div class="sc-ae29827d-4 ypQFr"><div class="sc-ae29827d-1 hAmwyA"><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 bFzmvn"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 bCFJJn">12 hrs ago</span></div></div><div data-testid="liverpool-article" class="sc-ae29827d-3 khCtOO"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-ae29827d-5 jVhDCQ"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-ae29827d-2 bgogNC"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 600px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/5fb9/live/efa864e0-eeb0-11ef-a819-277e390a7a08.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/5fb9/live/efa864e0-eeb0-11ef-a819-277e390a7a08.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/5fb9/live/efa864e0-eeb0-11ef-a819-277e390a7a08.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/5fb9/live/efa864e0-eeb0-11ef-a819-277e390a7a08.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/5fb9/live/efa864e0-eeb0-11ef-a819-277e390a7a08.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/cpsprodpb/5fb9/live/efa864e0-eeb0-11ef-a819-277e390a7a08.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1536/cpsprodpb/5fb9/live/efa864e0-eeb0-11ef-a819-277e390a7a08.jpg.webp 1536w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/5fb9/live/efa864e0-eeb0-11ef-a819-277e390a7a08.jpg.webp" alt="The front of Rumsey's Chocoloterie in Thame. The black awning displays the shop's name, and several tables and chairs are seen out the front. The building is a Georgian red brick terrace, with a light blue front door." class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-ae29827d-6 dzMUxv"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 gTeoVH"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 gRBdkE">The chocolatiers battling soaring cocoa prices </h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-ae29827d-0 cNPpME">Kate Rumsey says rising wholesale prices have been caused by climate change and crop disease.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 kZsXRf"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 bffMcX">12 hrs ago</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 eQhLId"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 bHkTZK">England</span></div></div></div></div></a></div></div><div data-component="ad-slot" data-testid="ad-unit" class="sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG"><div data-testid="dotcom-mid_12" id="dotcom-mid_12" class="dotcom-ad"></div></div><div data-testid="liverpool-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/news/articles/cy4ly8vde85o" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div class="sc-ae29827d-4 ypQFr"><div class="sc-ae29827d-1 hAmwyA"><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 bFzmvn"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 bCFJJn">15 hrs ago</span></div></div><div data-testid="liverpool-article" class="sc-ae29827d-3 fKfpeF"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-ae29827d-5 jVhDCQ"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-ae29827d-2 bgogNC"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 600px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/23a1/live/b77d4660-eed5-11ef-b7c5-c772dd3549de.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/23a1/live/b77d4660-eed5-11ef-b7c5-c772dd3549de.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/23a1/live/b77d4660-eed5-11ef-b7c5-c772dd3549de.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/23a1/live/b77d4660-eed5-11ef-b7c5-c772dd3549de.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/23a1/live/b77d4660-eed5-11ef-b7c5-c772dd3549de.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/cpsprodpb/23a1/live/b77d4660-eed5-11ef-b7c5-c772dd3549de.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1536/cpsprodpb/23a1/live/b77d4660-eed5-11ef-b7c5-c772dd3549de.jpg.webp 1536w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/23a1/live/b77d4660-eed5-11ef-b7c5-c772dd3549de.jpg.webp" alt="View of the Aletsch Glacier. Ice sweeps round from right to left, with mountains either side. Above is a blue sky with some clouds." class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-ae29827d-6 dzMUxv"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 gTeoVH"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 gRBdkE">World's glaciers melting faster than ever recorded</h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-ae29827d-0 cNPpME">The planet's glaciers have lost 5% of their ice in little over 20 years, according to a major study.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 kZsXRf"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 bffMcX">15 hrs ago</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 eQhLId"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 bHkTZK">Climate</span></div></div></div></div></a></div></div></div></div></div></aside><div class="zephr_meter_beta"></div><div class="zephr_story_beta"></div></main><hr data-testid="main-footer-divider" 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All rights reserved. <i id="" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog"> </i>The<i id="bbc" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog"> BBC </i>is<i id="not-responsible-for-the-content-of-external-sites." class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog"> not responsible for the content of external sites.</i> <a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/editorialguidelines/guidance/feeds-and-links" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB"><b id="read-about-our-approach-to-external-linking." class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf">Read about our approach to external linking.</b></a></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe"> </p></div></footer></div></div><script id="__NEXT_DATA__" type="application/json">{"props":{"pageProps":{"page":{"@\"future\",\"article\",\"20250214-from-scotland-to-california-the-rewilded-golf-courses-where-wildlife-thrives\",":{"id":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:future/article/20250214-from-scotland-to-california-the-rewilded-golf-courses-where-wildlife-thrives","contents":[{"type":"headline","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The rewilded golf courses teeming with life","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"timestamp","model":{"timestamp":1739700000000}},{"type":"byline","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"contributor","model":{"topicUrl":"future/author/jocelyn-timperley","blocks":[{"type":"name","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"By Jocelyn Timperley","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"By Jocelyn Timperley","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"link","model":{"locator":"urn:bbc:twitter:user:@jloistf","blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"@jloistf","blocks":[{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"@jloistf","locator":"https://twitter.com/jloistf","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"@jloistf","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"timestamp","model":{"timestamp":1739700000000}}]}},{"type":"image","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"caption","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Creating San Geronimo Commons was a \"once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to create a climate-resilient ecosystem\", says Erica Williams (Credit: Trust for Public Land)","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Creating San Geronimo Commons was a \"once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to create a climate-resilient ecosystem\", says Erica Williams (Credit: Trust for Public Land)","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"altText","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"A landscape image showing grass, patches of trees and forest and a road (Credit: Trust for Public Land)","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"A landscape image showing grass, patches of trees and forest and a road (Credit: Trust for Public Land)","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"rawImage","model":{"height":1126,"width":2003,"locator":"/p0krbrqr.jpg","originCode":"ic","copyrightHolder":"Trust for Public Land"}}],"emphasiseImage":true}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"From Scotland to California, golf courses are being rewilded – with lofty aims to benefit both people and nature.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"From Scotland to California, golf courses are being rewilded – with lofty aims to benefit both people and nature.","attributes":["bold"]}}]}}],"bodyIntro":true}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Sinking into nature comes easy at the Plock of Kyle. I visit this tiny wedge of parkland on the west coast of Scotland, just across the bridge from the Isle of Skye, on a rainy day in late September, and park ranger Heather Beaton and I spend the afternoon wandering around its various ecosystems-in-miniature.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Sinking into nature comes easy at ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"the Plock of Kyle","locator":"https://www.lochalsh.uk/projects/theplock/","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"the Plock of Kyle","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":". I visit this tiny wedge of parkland on the west coast of Scotland, just across the bridge from the Isle of Skye, on a rainy day in late September, and park ranger Heather Beaton and I spend the afternoon wandering around its various ecosystems-in-miniature.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"We clamber over rocks at one of its little hidden natural harbours. We freeze as black darter dragonflies land on her pink shoe by a pond. And we bend to peer at circles of huge mushrooms which have sprung up overnight in its tiny woodland.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"We clamber over rocks at one of its little hidden natural harbours. We freeze as black darter dragonflies land on her pink shoe by a pond. And we bend to peer at circles of huge mushrooms which have sprung up overnight in its tiny woodland.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"quote","model":{"text":"All of these habitats had fallen into serious disarray until a few years ago – most of this area used to be a golf course – Heather Beaton","quoteSource":"","quoteSourceTitle":""}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"A wildflower meadow, ponds, scrub habitat, coastline and even an area of peat bog can be found on this little 60-acre (24-hectare) plot, which boasts roe deer, otters, lizards, eels and a huge array of insects and birds. \"We do describe it as a microcosm of Scotland,\" says Beaton. \"If you think of all of the major habitats of Scotland, we've got them here on the Plock, just in miniature.\" It's an impression she works to cultivate. \"The more little pockets we have, the more chance a person has to... end up having a nature experience,\" she says.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"A wildflower meadow, ponds, scrub habitat, coastline and even an area of ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"peat bog","locator":"https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20220802-climate-change-the-promise-and-danger-of-scotlands-peat","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"peat bog","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" can be found on this little 60-acre (24-hectare) plot, which boasts roe deer, otters, lizards, eels and a huge array of insects and birds. \"We do describe it as a microcosm of Scotland,\" says Beaton. \"If you think of all of the major habitats of Scotland, we've got them here on the Plock, just in miniature.\" It's an impression she works to cultivate. \"The more little pockets we have, the more chance a person has to... end up having a nature experience,\" she says.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"advertisement","model":{"adType":"horizontal"},"incrementedType":"mid_1"},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"All of these habitats had fallen into serious disarray until a few years ago, says Beaton. In fact, most of this area used to be a golf course.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"All of these habitats had fallen into serious disarray until a few years ago, says Beaton. In fact, most of this area used to be a golf course.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"The Plock is part of a small but significant global trend of land once used for golf being turned back over to nature. From California to Pennsylvania and Australia to Canada, these projects are reaping in some big rewards for both biodiversity and local people.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The Plock is part of a small but significant global trend of land once used for golf being turned back over to nature. From ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"California","locator":"https://www.tpl.org/our-work/san-geronimo-commons","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"California","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" to ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Pennsylvania","locator":"https://natlands.org/news/new-garden-golf-course-to-become-public-park/","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Pennsylvania","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" and ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Australia","locator":"https://yoursay.bayside.vic.gov.au/elsternwick-nature-reserve","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Australia","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" to ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Canada","locator":"https://www.vancouverislandfreedaily.com/local-news/project-brings-nature-accessibility-to-site-of-former-saanich-golf-course-7248019","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Canada","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":", these projects are reaping in some big rewards for both biodiversity and local people.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"But what does it take to rewild a golf course? Could this be a key to both supporting biodiversity and helping more people get the immense benefits that come with interacting with nature? And what do we win – and lose – in the process?","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"But what does it take to rewild a golf course? Could this be a key to both supporting biodiversity and helping more people get the","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":" immense benefits that come with interacting with nature","locator":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/future/article/20241224-why-spending-more-time-in-nature-can-help-you-feel-less-lonely","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" immense benefits that come with interacting with nature","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"? And what do we win – and lose – in the process?","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"image","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"caption","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Plock ranger Heather Beaton the ex-golf course as a 'microcosm' of Scotland due to its many varied mini habitats (Credit: Jocelyn Timperley)","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Plock ranger Heather Beaton the ex-golf course as a 'microcosm' of Scotland due to its many varied mini habitats (Credit: Jocelyn Timperley)","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"altText","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Plock ranger Heather Beaton the ex-golf course as a 'microcosm' of Scotland due to its many varied mini habitats (Credit: Jocelyn Timperley)","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Plock ranger Heather Beaton the ex-golf course as a 'microcosm' of Scotland due to its many varied mini habitats (Credit: Jocelyn Timperley)","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"rawImage","model":{"height":1080,"width":1920,"locator":"/p0krbn2q.jpg","originCode":"ic","copyrightHolder":"Jocelyn Timperley"}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Huge swathes of land are used for golf. According to one recent study, many countries across the world, including the UK and the US, use far more land for golf courses than they do for wind or solar energy. The US has the most courses of any country by far: its 16,300 golf courses occupy an estimated 8,000 sq km (2 million acres), an area around a third of the size of Vermont.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Huge swathes of land are used for golf. According to ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"one recent study","locator":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.15376","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"one recent study","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":", many countries across the world, including the UK and the US, use far more land for golf courses than they do for wind or solar energy. The US has the most courses of any country by far: its 16,300 golf courses occupy an estimated ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"8,000 sq km","locator":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.15376","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"8,000 sq km","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" (2 million acres), an area ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"around a third of the size of Vermont","locator":"https://wilderness.net/practitioners/wilderness-areas/summary-reports/acreage-by-state.php","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"around a third of the size of Vermont","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":".","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"advertisement","model":{"adType":"horizontal"},"incrementedType":"mid_2"},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Golf emerged as a sport in my home country of Scotland in the 15th-17th Centuries, and for a time was relatively widely played, with courses often shared spaces used for walking and other activities as well as golf. Over the last century or so, however, it has widely emerged as the sport of the most affluent in society.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Golf ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"emerged as a sport","locator":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/travel/article/20230717-the-little-known-courses-that-made-modern-golf","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"emerged as a sport","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" in my home country of Scotland in the 15th-17th Centuries, and for a time was relatively widely played, with courses ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"often shared spaces","locator":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/travel/article/20230717-the-little-known-courses-that-made-modern-golf","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"often shared spaces","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" used for walking and other activities as well as golf. Over the last century or so, however, it has widely emerged as the sport of the most affluent in society.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"quote","model":{"text":"If you can imagine little nursery kids, so you're talking three, four year olds coming along and planting a wee tree with a spade. When they're 20, this is going to be a woodland – Heather Beaton","quoteSource":"","quoteSourceTitle":""}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Luxury hotels and golf clubs have sprung up across the world, sometimes damaging precious ecosystems in the process. In just one example, in 2017 a golf course built by now US president Donald Trump in Aberdeenshire was found by a Scottish government watchdog to have \"destroyed” the sand dune system it was built on, causing permanent habitat loss and loss of its status as a site of special scientific interest (SSSI). Responding to a request for comment about these criticisms, Sarah Malone, executive vice president of Trump International, Scotland, called the reports \"inaccurate and grossly misleading\".","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Luxury hotels and golf clubs have sprung up across the world, sometimes damaging precious ecosystems in the process. In just one example, in 2017 a ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"golf course built by now US president Donald Trump","locator":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-48789620","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"golf course built by now US president Donald Trump","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" in Aberdeenshire was found by a Scottish government watchdog to have \"destroyed” the sand dune system it was built on, causing ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"permanent habitat loss","locator":"https://www.nature.scot/doc/reasons-proposed-partial-denotification-foveran-links-sssi","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"permanent habitat loss","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" and loss of its status as a ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"site of special scientific interest","locator":"https://www.nature.scot/professional-advice/protected-areas-and-species/protected-areas/national-designations/sites-special-scientific-interest-sssis","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"site of special scientific interest","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" (SSSI). Responding to a request for comment about these criticisms, Sarah Malone, executive vice president of Trump International, Scotland, called the reports \"inaccurate and grossly misleading\".","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"\"Nature Scot [Scotland's conservation body] ignored and neglected the dunes under the previous ownership and have barely set foot on this site over the past 20 years,\" she said. \"Their own assessment acknowledged that many attributes of the SSSI – which was, in fact, less than 3% of our vast estate – had flourished since the first golf course was completed in 2012. Trump International's ongoing investment and care of the land is beyond question, as anyone who actually visits the property will attest.\"","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"\"Nature Scot [Scotland's conservation body] ignored and neglected the dunes under the previous ownership and have barely set foot on this site over the past 20 years,\" she said. \"Their own assessment acknowledged that many attributes of the SSSI – which was, in fact, less than 3% of our vast estate – had flourished since the first golf course was completed in 2012. Trump International's ongoing investment and care of the land is beyond question, as anyone who actually visits the property will attest.\"","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"A separate proposal for an 18-hole golf course on another fragile Scottish dune sand ecosystem continues to divide public opinion.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"A separate proposal for an 18-hole golf course on another fragile Scottish dune sand ecosystem ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"continues to divide public opinion","locator":"https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/business/local/6629448/coul-links-support-at-public-meeting-embo/","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"continues to divide public opinion","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":".","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"advertisement","model":{"adType":"horizontal"},"incrementedType":"mid_3"},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"There are other environmental impacts of golf courses alongside land use. In the US, an estimated 1.5 billion gallons (5.7 billion litres) of water a day is used to irrigate golf courses, mostly from lakes and onsite wells. Courses are also treated with some 100,000 tonnes of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash a year. Run off from these fertilisers and pesticides have been found to cause risks to humans, wildlife and the environment.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"There are other environmental impacts of golf courses alongside land use. In the US, ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"an estimated 1.5 billion gallons (5.7 billion litres) of water a day","locator":"https://www.scga.org/images/uploads/about/19898/2022_golf_course_environmental_profile_report_(1)_compressed.pdf","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"an estimated 1.5 billion gallons (5.7 billion litres) of water a day","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" is used to irrigate golf courses, mostly from lakes and onsite wells. Courses are also treated with ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"some 100,000 tonnes of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash a year","locator":"https://www.gcsaa.org/docs/default-source/environment/22_nutrient_report_web.pdf?sfvrsn=952fcd3e_0","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"some 100,000 tonnes of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash a year","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":". Run off from these fertilisers and ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"pesticides","locator":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969723011142","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"pesticides","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" have been found to cause risks to ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"humans","locator":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28810201/","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"humans","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":", ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"wildlife","locator":"https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2105692118","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"wildlife","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" and the ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"environment","locator":"https://www.usda.gov/about-usda/news/blog/ars-scientists-explore-ways-minimize-runoff-golf-courses","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"environment","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":".","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"\"Certainly, some of the key environmental concerns with golf over time have involved pesticide spraying, the quantity of water used, especially in times of drought, and the significant amount of land sometimes needed for a golf course,\" says Brad Millington, associate professor of sport management at Brock University in Ontario, Canada, and co-author of The greening of golf.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"\"Certainly, some of the key environmental concerns with golf over time have involved pesticide spraying, the quantity of water used, especially in times of drought, and the significant amount of land sometimes needed for a golf course,\" says Brad Millington, associate professor of sport management at Brock University in Ontario, Canada, and co-author of ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"The greening of golf","locator":"https://manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk/9781784993276/","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The greening of golf","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":".","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"image","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"caption","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Vegetation now surrounds what used to be the first tee at The Plock (Credit: Jocelyn Timperley)","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Vegetation now surrounds what used to be the first tee at The Plock (Credit: Jocelyn Timperley)","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"altText","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Vegetation now surrounds what used to be the first tee at The Plock (Credit: Jocelyn Timperley)","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Vegetation now surrounds what used to be the first tee at The Plock (Credit: Jocelyn Timperley)","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"rawImage","model":{"height":1200,"width":1920,"locator":"/p0krbn7w.jpg","originCode":"ic","copyrightHolder":"Jocelyn Timperley"}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"The environmental impact of golf has also developed over time, Millington adds, as humans have developed the capacity to build golf courses \"seemingly just about anywhere\", no matter the type of land.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The environmental impact of golf has also developed over time, Millington adds, as humans have developed the capacity to build golf courses \"seemingly just about anywhere\", no matter the type of land.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Golf has increasingly become a target for environmental activists. Brazilian activists camped out on a highway in Rio de Janeiro ahead of the 2016 Olympics, to protest the city's decision to build a new course on an area of environmental protection. In 2022, climate activists in France filled golf course holes with cement to protest an exemption from water bans amidst a severe drought. In 2024, Extinction Rebellion activists disrupted the Travellers Championship, a golf competition in Connecticut, spraying coloured smoke and powder and sporting t-shirts reading, \"No golf on a dead planet\".","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Golf has increasingly become a target for environmental activists. ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Brazilian activists","locator":"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/feb/25/rio-2016-occupy-takes-swing-at-olympic-golf-course","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Brazilian activists","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" camped out on a highway in Rio de Janeiro ahead of the 2016 Olympics, to protest the city's decision to build a new course on an area of environmental protection. In 2022, climate activists in France filled golf course holes with cement to protest an ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"exemption from water bans","locator":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-62532840","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"exemption from water bans","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" amidst a severe drought. In 2024, Extinction Rebellion activists ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"disrupted the Travellers Championship","locator":"https://news.sky.com/story/extinction-rebellion-climate-change-protest-disrupts-pga-golf-tournament-in-connecticut-13157957","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"disrupted the Travellers Championship","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":", a golf competition","attributes":[]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" in Connecticut, spraying coloured smoke and powder and sporting t-shirts reading, \"No golf on a dead planet\".","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"advertisement","model":{"adType":"horizontal"},"incrementedType":"mid_4"},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Some anti-golf movements completely reject golf, a view that's become common to see on social media in recent years. But the overall impact of any individual golf course depends on a huge array of factors, says Millington: the amount of non-recycled water and pesticides used in maintenance, for example, and what was there before the golf course was built in the first place. ","blocks":[{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Some anti-golf movements","locator":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7765/9781526107039.00018/html?lang=en\u0026srsltid=AfmBOoqKy2qc40rJDtnetreqbdvxPtiGIaBgBmRQqXCWyj07gbVhyJK-","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Some anti-golf movements","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" completely reject golf, a view that's become ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"common to see","locator":"https://www.reddit.com/r/nongolfers/","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"common to see","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" on ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"social media","locator":"https://www.tiktok.com/tag/antigolf","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"social media","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" in recent years. But the overall impact of any individual golf course depends on a huge array of factors, says Millington: the amount of non-recycled water and pesticides used in maintenance, for example, and what was there before the golf course was built in the first place. ","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"From an environmental standpoint, it's also worth considering what else the land might be used for. Land disused for golf can end up being developed for housing or commercial ventures. And while building housing is important for many other reasons, concreting over part of the land may well not improve the environmental profile of an ex-golf course, leading some to argue brownfield sites should be used instead.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"From an environmental standpoint, it's also worth considering what else the land might be used for. Land disused for golf can ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"end up being developed for housing","locator":"https://www.bizjournals.com/cincinnati/news/2023/09/14/country-club-golf-course-challenge-redevelopment.html","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"end up being developed for housing","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" or commercial ventures. And while building housing is important for ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"many other reasons","locator":"https://nationalmortgageprofessional.com/news/us-now-short-45-million-homes","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"many other reasons","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":", concreting over part of the land may well not improve the environmental profile of an ex-golf course, leading ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"some to argue brownfield sites","locator":"https://www.theguardian.com/society/2023/dec/06/why-building-homes-on-golf-courses-is-a-terrible-idea","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"some to argue brownfield sites","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" should be used instead.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"quote","model":{"text":"The land covered by golf courses in the US fell by 12% between 2005 and 2021","quoteSource":"","quoteSourceTitle":""}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"During the decades that the Plock was a golf course, meanwhile, some of its natural habitats remained. Most of the woodland here is natural, and the peat bog, while deliberately drained by golfers, also survived, based on the depth of peat, which accumulates very slowly, Beaton estimates it could be over 1,000 years old.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"During the decades that the Plock was a golf course, meanwhile, some of its natural habitats remained. Most of the woodland here is natural, and the peat bog, while deliberately drained by golfers, also survived, based on the depth of peat, ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"which accumulates very slowly","locator":"https://www.nature.scot/sites/default/files/2019-04/Peatland%20Action%20-%20COMMS%20-%20Materials%20-%20LEAFLET%20-%20Carbon%20Facts%20and%20Figures%20leaflet%20screen%20-%20with%20full%20reference%20list%20-%202019%20UPDATE.pdf","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"which accumulates very slowly","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":", Beaton estimates it could be over 1,000 years old.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Previously used for farming, the Plock was never a high-end golf course: it first opened for the community in the 1920s by the local lord and lady, says Beaton, and after various ups and downs the course eventually petered out in the mid 2000s. For a time the land was left largely to its own devices. In 2019, the trust which owned the land passed it to the local Kyle of Lochalsh Community Trust, which opted for it to become parkland. \"It was just overgrown and abandoned and just unloved, really severely unloved,\" says Beaton. \"A lot of effort has gone into bringing it back.\"","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Previously used for farming, the Plock was never a high-end golf course: it first opened for the community in the 1920s by the local lord and lady, says Beaton, and after various ups and downs the course eventually petered out in the mid 2000s. For a time the land was left largely to its own devices. In 2019, the trust which owned the land passed it to the local ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Kyle of Lochalsh Community Trust","locator":"https://www.lochalsh.uk/","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Kyle of Lochalsh Community Trust","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":", which opted for it to become parkland. \"It was just overgrown and abandoned and just unloved, really severely unloved,\" says Beaton. \"A lot of effort has gone into bringing it back.\"","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"advertisement","model":{"adType":"horizontal"},"incrementedType":"mid_5"},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"The main green, previously kept short and highly manicured for golf, had become a dense area of tussocky grass. Now it is managed as a permanent wildflower meadow with over 80 species of flowering plant, from native orchids to pignuts and goldenrods, and heaves with butterflies and other insects. \"In the height of summer, it is just beautiful. It's absolutely beautiful,\" says Beaton.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The main green, previously kept short and highly manicured for golf, had become a dense area of tussocky grass. Now it is managed as a permanent wildflower meadow with over 80 species of flowering plant, from native orchids to pignuts and goldenrods, and heaves with butterflies and other insects. \"In the height of summer, it is just beautiful. It's absolutely beautiful,\" says Beaton.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"image","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"caption","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"The Plock includes several small natural harbours where people can swim in the sea or enjoy the view (Credit: Jocelyn Timperley)","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The Plock includes several small natural harbours where people can swim in the sea or enjoy the view (Credit: Jocelyn Timperley)","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"altText","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"The Plock includes several small natural harbours where people can swim in the sea or enjoy the view (Credit: Jocelyn Timperley)","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The Plock includes several small natural harbours where people can swim in the sea or enjoy the view (Credit: Jocelyn Timperley)","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"rawImage","model":{"height":1080,"width":1920,"locator":"/p0krbnkf.jpg","originCode":"ic","copyrightHolder":"Jocelyn Timperley"}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Many of the golf tees, meanwhile, have been reclaimed by scrub and will, in time, naturally become woodland, says Beaton. Fresh water is being brought back, supporting its new otter population. The peatland is being rewetted, a measure which can stunt carbon emissions and bring back species.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Many of the golf tees, meanwhile, have been reclaimed by scrub and will, in time, naturally become woodland, says Beaton. Fresh water is being brought back, supporting its new otter population. The peatland is being rewetted, a measure which can ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"stunt carbon emissions","locator":"https://www.ramsar.org/sites/default/files/documents/library/rtr11_peatland_rewetting_restoration_e.pdf","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"stunt carbon emissions","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" and ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"bring back species","locator":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0925857418300521","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"bring back species","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":".","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Beaton, who is in her mid-30s, clearly has an unbridled affection for the Plock. She grew up on a farm in the Scottish borders and previously worked as a warden on Uist in the Outer Hebrides, before moving to Kyle of Lochalsh in 2021 to start work as one of the Plock's two rangers. \"We just work away to make it as good a place as possible for all the visitors and users, whether human or wildlife,\" she says.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Beaton, who is in her mid-30s, clearly has an unbridled affection for the Plock. She grew up on a farm in the Scottish borders and previously ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"worked as a warden","locator":"https://community.rspb.org.uk/ourwork/b/scotland/posts/an-introduction-to-loch-druidibeg","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"worked as a warden","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" on Uist in the Outer Hebrides, before moving to Kyle of Lochalsh in 2021 to start work as one of the Plock's two rangers. \"We just work away to make it as good a place as possible for all the visitors and users, whether human or wildlife,\" she says.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"The struggle, as always, is money. The transformation of the Plock has largely been supported by grants. The trust has explored other options: charging for scything training, a secondhand shop and community facilities, including a laundrette it runs in the village. But it will need something larger scale to become self-sustaining, says Beaton: likely some kind of onsite tourist accommodation. It also hopes to build a traditional-build longhouse to use as a small museum, ticketed for tourists. \"I think the sustainable income is going to be the big challenge,\" says Beaton. \"How we approach that, how we develop that, that is going to be the big question.\"","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The struggle, as always, is money. The transformation of the Plock has largely been supported by ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"grants","locator":"https://www.lochalsh.uk/evaluation-for-plock-masterplan-heritage-lottery-funding/","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"grants","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":". The trust has explored other options: charging for scything training, a secondhand shop and community facilities, including a laundrette it runs in the village. But it will need something larger scale to become self-sustaining, says Beaton: likely some kind of onsite tourist accommodation. It also hopes to build a traditional-build longhouse to use as a small museum, ticketed for tourists. \"I think the sustainable income is going to be the big challenge,\" says Beaton. \"How we approach that, how we develop that, that is going to be the big question.\"","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"advertisement","model":{"adType":"horizontal"},"incrementedType":"mid_6"},{"type":"quote","model":{"text":"You can make a golf course in lots of places… but you can't make something like this – William Roe","quoteSource":"","quoteSourceTitle":""}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Magical as it is, the Plock is certainly miniscule. But it's not an isolated example of an ex-golf course being repurposed for nature. Projects are springing up in Scotland, the wider UK as well as across the Atlantic in the US and Canada.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Magical as it is, the Plock is certainly miniscule. But it's not an isolated example of an ex-golf course being repurposed for nature. Projects are springing up in ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Scotland","locator":"https://www.nature.scot/funding-and-projects/green-infrastructure-strategic-intervention/projects/capital-infrastructure-projects/fernbrae-meadows","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Scotland","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":", the ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"wider UK","locator":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/uk-england-merseyside-64281602","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"wider UK","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" as well as across the Atlantic in ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"the US","locator":"https://www.fllt.org/finger-lakes-land-trust-to-convert-former-golf-course-to-wildlife-habitat-expand-cayuga-lake-conservation-area/","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"the US","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" and ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Canada","locator":"https://www.rewildingmag.com/when-golf-courses-go-wild/","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Canada","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":".","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"In 2018, The Trust for Public Land (TPL), a US non-profit, bought the 157-acre (64-hectare) San Geronimo Golf Course in California and set about creating a new commons and restoring its wildlife and streams. At the time, the golf course was likely one of the top 10 water users in Marin County, says Erica Williams, who led the TPL's work on the park.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"In 2018, The Trust for Public Land (TPL), a US non-profit, bought the 157-acre (64-hectare) ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"San Geronimo Golf Course in California","locator":"https://www.tpl.org/our-work/san-geronimo-commons","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"San Geronimo Golf Course in California","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" and set about creating a new commons and restoring its wildlife and streams. At the time, the golf course was likely one of the top 10 water users in Marin County, says Erica Williams, who led the TPL's work on the park.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"San Geronimo Golf Course was a \"once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to create a climate-resilient ecosystem\", says Williams, by reconnecting the property's creeks and waterways as well as recreating its historic floodplain.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"San Geronimo Golf Course was a \"once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to create a climate-resilient ecosystem\", says Williams, by reconnecting the property's creeks and waterways as well as recreating its historic floodplain.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"The trust opened pathways to the public and stopped irrigating the land. It worked with partners to restore the ecosystem of the endangered coho salmon. \"The 2024 spawning season brought record numbers of spawning salmon to the San Geronimo Valley watershed, particularly to Larsen Creek,\" says Williams. Hundreds of species have been spotted in the park: everything from deer, coyote and bobcats to native egrets, ducks and hawks, along with dozens of native plant species.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The trust opened pathways to the public and stopped irrigating the land. It worked with partners to restore the ecosystem of the endangered coho salmon. \"The 2024 spawning season brought record numbers of spawning salmon to the San Geronimo Valley watershed, particularly to Larsen Creek,\" says Williams. ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Hundreds of species","locator":"https://inaturalist.ca/check_lists/4332026-San-Geronimo-Commons-Check-List?page=2","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Hundreds of species","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" have been spotted in the park: everything from deer, coyote and bobcats to native egrets, ducks and hawks, along with dozens of native plant species.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"advertisement","model":{"adType":"horizontal"},"incrementedType":"mid_7"},{"type":"image","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"caption","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"The Trust for Public Land restored rivers in San Geronimo golf course, resulting in record numbers of spawning salmon in 2024 (Credit: Trust for Public Land)","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The Trust for Public Land restored rivers in San Geronimo golf course, resulting in record numbers of spawning salmon in 2024 (Credit: Trust for Public Land)","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"altText","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"The Trust for Public Land restored rivers in San Geronimo golf course, resulting in record numbers of spawning salmon in 2024 (Credit: Trust for Public Land)","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The Trust for Public Land restored rivers in San Geronimo golf course, resulting in record numbers of spawning salmon in 2024 (Credit: Trust for Public Land)","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"rawImage","model":{"height":1080,"width":1920,"locator":"/p0krbnpc.jpg","originCode":"ic","copyrightHolder":"Trust for Public Land"}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"While some people did experience the loss of the golf course, many residents and users have expressed \"their deep gratitude for this beautiful now publicly accessible landscape\", says Williams. \"Overall, the public reaction has been quite positive,\" she says.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"While some people did experience the loss of the golf course, many residents and users have expressed \"their deep gratitude for this beautiful now publicly accessible landscape\", says Williams. \"Overall, the public reaction has been quite positive,\" she says.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"In August 2024, the TPL transferred ownership of the San Geronimo Golf Couse, now known as the San Geronimo Commons, to the local government, including land set aside for a future fire station. The TPL has used a similar model of restoration and transfer to public ownership with several other golf courses, usually ones that were becoming financially unviable, says Williams.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"In August 2024, the TPL transferred ownership of the San Geronimo Golf Couse, now known as the San Geronimo Commons, to the local government","attributes":[]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":", ","attributes":["bold"]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"including ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"land set aside for a future fire station","locator":"https://www.tpl.org/our-work/san-geronimo-commons","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"land set aside for a future fire station","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":". The TPL has used a similar model of restoration and transfer to public ownership with ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"several","locator":"https://www.tpl.org/our-work/upper-devereux-slough-ocean-meadows","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"several","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" other ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"golf courses","locator":"https://www.tpl.org/our-work/palo-corona-regional-park","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"golf courses","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":", usually ones that were becoming financially unviable, says Williams.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"In fact, snapping up golf course land for rewilding in the US makes a lot of sense, because the land covered by golf courses has been decreasing for decades, falling by 12% between 2005 and 2021. \"Given the climate crisis, there's a good case to use [this land] to address problems such as biodiversity loss,\" says Millington.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"In fact, snapping up golf course land for rewilding in the US makes a lot of sense, because ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"the land covered by golf courses","locator":"https://www.gcsaa.org/docs/default-source/environment/gcep-property-report-phase-3-final-update-6-27.pdf?sfvrsn=4517cf3e_0","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"the land covered by golf courses","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" has been decreasing for decades, falling by 12% between 2005 and 2021. \"Given the climate crisis, there's a good case to use [this land] to address problems such as biodiversity loss,\" says Millington.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"More like this:","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"More like this:","attributes":["bold"]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"• The decoy ploy to save Scotland's elusive capercaillie","blocks":[{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"• The decoy ploy to save Scotland's elusive capercaillie","locator":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/future/article/20241105-can-a-decoy-ploy-save-capercaillies-in-the-scottish-highlands","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"• The decoy ploy to save Scotland's elusive capercaillie","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"• How bug poo can help reverse the soil crisis","blocks":[{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"","locator":"","blocks":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"• How bug poo can help reverse the soil crisis","locator":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/future/article/20250130-the-little-bug-with-a-big-appetite-turning-organic-waste-into-sustainable-fertiliser","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"• How bug poo can help reverse the soil crisis","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"• Seven big climate and nature moments coming in 2025","blocks":[{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"","locator":"","blocks":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"• Seven big climate and nature moments coming in 2025","locator":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/future/article/20250107-the-key-climate-and-nature-moments-to-look-out-for-in-2025","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"• Seven big climate and nature moments coming in 2025","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"advertisement","model":{"adType":"horizontal"},"incrementedType":"mid_8"},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Golf course properties are often large, adds Williams, and by design often built within larger natural landscapes near natural features, such as creeks and streams. \"They are often relatively flat, with cart paths and trails that allow for public access.\" Long broad golf course airways can present a unique opportunity for wildlife corridors, she adds. Plus, they tend to consume a lot of water, meaning rewilding can help with significant water conservation.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Golf course properties are often large, adds Williams, and by design often built within larger natural landscapes near natural features, such as creeks and streams. \"They are often relatively flat, with cart paths and trails that allow for public access.\" Long broad golf course airways can present a unique opportunity for wildlife corridors, she adds. Plus, they tend to consume a lot of water, meaning rewilding can help with significant water conservation.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Of course, closure is not the only way to bring nature back into golf courses. In some cases, the TPL has saved golf courses that were otherwise set for closure, and worked to open up the game to everyone while also managing the land in a way that works for wildlife. On many actively used golf courses around the world, greenskeepers are making efforts to manage the land to better support nature, which is often cheaper too.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Of course, closure is not the only way to bring nature back into golf courses. In some cases, the TPL has ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"saved golf courses","locator":"https://www.tpl.org/our-work/applewood-golf-course","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"saved golf courses","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" that were ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"otherwise set for closure","locator":"https://www.tpl.org/blog/colwood-park","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"otherwise set for closure","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":", and worked to ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"open up the game to everyone","locator":"https://www.tpl.org/blog/when-private-golf-courses-land-rough-communities-tee-public-parks","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"open up the game to everyone","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" while also managing the land in a way that works for wildlife. On many actively used golf courses around the world, greenskeepers are making efforts to ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"manage the land to better support nature","locator":"https://www.usga.org/course-care/green-section-record.html#sectionFilters=research","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"manage the land to better support nature","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":", which is ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"often cheaper too","locator":"https://www.syngentagolf.com/how-courses-are-blending-golf-nature","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"often cheaper too","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":".","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"In fact, in the US fertiliser and water use in golf have substantially decreased in recent decades – in part due to course closures, but largely due to management changes.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"In fact, in the US ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"fertiliser","locator":"https://www.gcsaa.org/docs/default-source/environment/22_nutrient_report_web.pdf?sfvrsn=952fcd3e_0","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"fertiliser","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" and ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"water use","locator":"https://www.scga.org/images/uploads/about/19898/2022_golf_course_environmental_profile_report_(1)_compressed.pdf","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"water use","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" in golf have substantially decreased in recent decades – in part due to course closures, but largely due to management changes.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Naturalised areas, sections of the golf course that aren't so heavily maintained, have also been on the rise. In 2015 survey, 46% of US golf courses said they had increased the land dedicated to naturalised areas over the past decade, with just 5% saying they had decreased it.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Naturalised areas, sections of the golf course that ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"aren't so heavily maintained","locator":"https://www.usga.org/content/usga/home-page/articles/2019/04/3-things-naturalized-areas-golf.html","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"aren't so heavily maintained","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":", have also been on the rise. In 2015 survey, ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"46% of US golf courses said","locator":"https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2134/cftm2016.10.0066","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"46% of US golf courses said","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" they had increased the land dedicated to naturalised areas over the past decade, with just 5% saying they had decreased it.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"\"This can be done to reduce maintenance costs but there can be an environmental angle as well, such as enabling wildlife to flourish,\" says Millington.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"\"This can be done to reduce maintenance costs but there can be an environmental angle as well, such as enabling wildlife to flourish,\" says Millington.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"advertisement","model":{"adType":"horizontal"},"incrementedType":"mid_9"},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"However, while many golfers support wilding efforts on non-play areas, there can be trade offs in terms of playability of having more dense vegetation around.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"However, while many golfers support wilding efforts on non-play areas, there can be ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"trade offs in terms of playability","locator":"https://www.usga.org/content/usga/home-page/articles/2019/04/3-things-naturalized-areas-golf.html","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"trade offs in terms of playability","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" of having more dense vegetation around.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"image","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"caption","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Golf courses that are being made a little wilder can offer lessons for other types of land as well, says Plock ranger Heather Beaton (Credit: Jocelyn Timperley)","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Golf courses that are being made a little wilder can offer lessons for other types of land as well, says Plock ranger Heather Beaton (Credit: Jocelyn Timperley)","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"altText","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Golf courses that are being made a little wilder can offer lessons for other types of land as well, says Plock ranger Heather Beaton (Credit: Jocelyn Timperley)","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Golf courses that are being made a little wilder can offer lessons for other types of land as well, says Plock ranger Heather Beaton (Credit: Jocelyn Timperley)","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"rawImage","model":{"height":1282,"width":1024,"locator":"/p0krbnvb.jpg","originCode":"ic","copyrightHolder":"Jocelyn Timperley"}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Golf courses that are being made a little wilder can offer lessons for other types of land as well. \"I do think there's ways of introducing nature into manicured landscapes,” says Beaton. \"You can do it in cities, you can do it in any sort of any land.\"","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Golf courses that are being made a little wilder can offer lessons for other types of land as well. \"I do think there's ways of introducing nature into manicured landscapes,” says Beaton. \"You can do it in cities, you can do it in any sort of any land.\"","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Because ultimately, what managers of many rewilded golf courses tend to emphasise is the benefit to local people. At San Geronimo, people from across the San Francisco Bay Area come to hike, bike, walk their dogs and ride horses, says Williams. \"One thing that is absolutely wonderful to see is the multigenerational use, made possible by the property's gentle terrain. I've seen family members, young and old, walking together on the land.\"","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Because ultimately, what managers of many rewilded golf courses tend to emphasise is the benefit to local people. At San Geronimo, people from across the San Francisco Bay Area come to hike, bike, walk their dogs and ride horses, says Williams. \"One thing that is absolutely wonderful to see is the multigenerational use, made possible by the property's gentle terrain. 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","attributes":["italic"]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Find out more about how we calculated this figure here.","locator":"https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200131-why-and-how-does-future-planet-count-carbon","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Find out more about how we calculated this figure here.","attributes":["italic"]}}]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"advertisement","model":{"adType":"horizontal"},"incrementedType":"mid_10"},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"At the Plock, nestled helpfully close to the town of Kyle of Lochalsh, paths now wind through the tightly knit ecosystems, many of them disabled-friendly. The Plock runs guided walks, a mental health support group and scything classes (useful for locals with big gardens or crofts who want to cut away overgrown bracken).","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"At the Plock, nestled helpfully close to the town of Kyle of Lochalsh, paths now wind through the tightly knit ecosystems, many of them disabled-friendly. The Plock runs guided walks, a mental health support group and scything classes (useful for locals with big gardens or crofts who want to cut away overgrown bracken).","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"It also hosts groups of local schoolchildren, who sometimes help with restoration efforts. \"If you can imagine little nursery kids, so you're talking three, four year olds coming along and planting a wee tree with a spade,\" Beaton says of one recent visit. \"And then I had to come back afterwards and just make sure they were properly in the ground. But you know, they did that. When they're 20, this is going to be a woodland.\"","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"It also hosts groups of local schoolchildren, who sometimes help with restoration efforts. \"If you can imagine little nursery kids, so you're talking three, four year olds coming along and planting a wee tree with a spade,\" Beaton says of one recent visit. \"And then I had to come back afterwards and just make sure they were properly in the ground. But you know, they did that. When they're 20, this is going to be a woodland.\"","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Leaving the Plock after my walk with Beaton, I meet William Roe, a local who comes here to walk his two Hungarian vizsla dogs almost every day. I ask him whether it’s a shame to have lost the golf course, but he shakes his head. \"You can make a golf course in lots of places… but you can't make something like this.\" There are oak trees here, he adds, that are more than 200 years old. \"And that just tells you that this place has been special for a long time, and I hope it will be forever more,\" he says.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Leaving the Plock after my walk with Beaton, I meet William Roe, a local who comes here to walk his two Hungarian vizsla dogs almost every day. I ask him whether it’s a shame to have lost the golf course, but he shakes his head. \"You can make a golf course in lots of places… but you can't make something like this.\" There are oak trees here, he adds, that are more than 200 years old. \"And that just tells you that this place has been special for a long time, and I hope it will be forever more,\" he says.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Jocelyn Timperley is a senior reporter for BBC Future. You can find her on X @jloistf.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Jocelyn Timperley is a senior reporter for BBC Future. 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