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call)\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l752\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:752\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"formatSnak\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l713\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:713\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"formatStatement\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l297\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:297\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"formatOneStatement\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l557\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:557\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"formatStatements\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l1298\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:1298\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"wikidata\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Cite\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l111\"\u003EModule:Cite:111\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"ValueFromItem\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Cite\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l200\"\u003EModule:Cite:200\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"GetItemValue\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Cite\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l323\"\u003EModule:Cite:323\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"gettitle\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Cite\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l483\"\u003EModule:Cite:483\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"getreftable\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Cite\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l645\"\u003EModule:Cite:645\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"citeitem2\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l590\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:590\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"formatReferences\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l426\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:426\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"formatOneStatement\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l557\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:557\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"formatStatements\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l1271\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:1271\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"chunk\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Emw.lua:527\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E[C]\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E[C]\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"getAllExpandedArguments\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Emw.lua:196\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E[C]\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"pairs\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Arguments\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l207\"\u003EModule:Arguments:207\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"mergeArgs\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Arguments\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l320\"\u003EModule:Arguments:320\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E[C]\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"pairs\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:TableTools\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l92\"\u003EModule:TableTools:92\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"numKeys\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:TableTools\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l187\"\u003EModule:TableTools:187\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"compressSparseArray\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Separated_entries\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l15\"\u003EModule:Separated_entries:15\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E(tail call)\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Emw.lua:527\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E[C]\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E[C]\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"getExpandedArgument\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Emw.lua:177\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Unsubst\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l26\"\u003EModule:Unsubst:26\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"chunk\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Emw.lua:527\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E[C]\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003C/ol\u003E" ,"ScribuntoErrors-043a4827": "\u003Cp\u003ELua error in Module:Wikidata2/monolingualtext at line 4: assign to undeclared variable 'fetchName'.\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBacktrace:\u003C/p\u003E\u003Col class=\"scribunto-trace\"\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E[C]\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"error\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Estrict.lua:21\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2/monolingualtext\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l4\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2/monolingualtext:4\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"\u0026#95;main\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l1047\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:1047\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E(tail call)\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l752\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:752\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E(tail call)\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l297\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:297\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"formatOneStatement\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l557\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:557\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"formatStatements\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l1298\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:1298\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"wikidata\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Cite\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l198\"\u003EModule:Cite:198\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"GetItemValue\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Cite\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l323\"\u003EModule:Cite:323\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"gettitle\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Cite\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l483\"\u003EModule:Cite:483\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"getreftable\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Cite\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l645\"\u003EModule:Cite:645\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"citeitem2\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l590\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:590\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"formatReferences\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l426\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:426\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"formatOneStatement\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l557\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:557\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"formatStatements\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l1271\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:1271\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"chunk\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Emw.lua:527\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E[C]\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E[C]\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"getAllExpandedArguments\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Emw.lua:196\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E[C]\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"pairs\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Arguments\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l207\"\u003EModule:Arguments:207\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"mergeArgs\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Arguments\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l320\"\u003EModule:Arguments:320\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E[C]\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"pairs\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:TableTools\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l92\"\u003EModule:TableTools:92\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"numKeys\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:TableTools\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l187\"\u003EModule:TableTools:187\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"compressSparseArray\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Separated_entries\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l15\"\u003EModule:Separated_entries:15\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E(tail call)\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Emw.lua:527\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E[C]\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E[C]\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"getExpandedArgument\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Emw.lua:177\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Unsubst\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l26\"\u003EModule:Unsubst:26\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"chunk\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Emw.lua:527\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E[C]\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003C/ol\u003E" ,"ScribuntoErrors-bccc910b": "\u003Cp\u003ELua error in Module:Wikidata2/monolingualtext at line 4: assign to undeclared variable 'fetchName'.\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBacktrace:\u003C/p\u003E\u003Col class=\"scribunto-trace\"\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E[C]\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"error\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Estrict.lua:21\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2/monolingualtext\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l4\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2/monolingualtext:4\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"\u0026#95;main\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l1047\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:1047\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E(tail call)\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l752\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:752\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"formatSnak\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l713\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:713\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"formatStatement\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l297\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:297\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"formatOneStatement\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l557\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:557\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"formatStatements\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2/P106\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l7\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2/P106:7\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"formatGenderLabelForEntityId\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2/P106\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l33\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2/P106:33\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"fun\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l1065\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:1065\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"formatDatavalue\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l752\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:752\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"formatSnak\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l713\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:713\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"formatStatement\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l297\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:297\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"formatOneStatement\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l557\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:557\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"formatStatements\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikidata2\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l1271\"\u003EModule:Wikidata2:1271\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"chunk\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Emw.lua:527\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E[C]\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E[C]\u003C/strong\u003E: in function \"getExpandedArgument\"\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Emw.lua:177\u003C/strong\u003E:\u0026#160;?\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"//ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Unsubst\u0026amp;action=edit#mw-ce-l26\"\u003EModule:Unsubst:26\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E: in function 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ننوتل</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%9A%D9%88%D8%AF:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%DA%89%DB%90" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ونډې</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%90" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>خبرې 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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">مالومات</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">څنګپټې ته ورسئ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">پټول</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">پیل</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-د_ژوند_لومړي_وختونه_او_زده_کړې" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#د_ژوند_لومړي_وختونه_او_زده_کړې"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۱</span> <span>د ژوند لومړي وختونه او زده کړې</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-د_ژوند_لومړي_وختونه_او_زده_کړې-sublist" class="cdx-button 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<header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="مالومات" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">اډون هبل</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ليکنه په بله ژبه کي وګورئ. دا ليکنه په ۹۷ ژبو کې شتون لري." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-97" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">۹۷ ژبې</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – افریکانسي" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="افریکانسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84" title="إدوين هابل – عربي" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إدوين هابل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="عربي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84" title="ادوين هابل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ادوين هابل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2" title="এডৱিন হাবল – اسامي" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="এডৱিন হাবল" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="اسامي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – استورياني" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="استورياني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edvin_Habbl" title="Edvin Habbl – اذربایجاني" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Edvin Habbl" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="اذربایجاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84" title="ادوین هابل – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ادوین هابل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%8D%D0%BB_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB" title="Эдвін Паўэл Хабл – بېلاروسي" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эдвін Паўэл Хабл" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="بېلاروسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B4%D1%9E%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB" title="Эдўін Габл – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Эдўін Габл" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D1%8A%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%BB" title="Едуин Хъбъл – بلغاري" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Едуин Хъбъл" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="بلغاري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2" title="এডউইন হাবল – بنگالي" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এডউইন হাবল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="بنگالي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – بوسني" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="بوسني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – کټلاني" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="کټلاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – چېکي" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="چېکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Powell_Hubble" title="Edwin Powell Hubble – ويلشي" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Edwin Powell Hubble" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ويلشي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – ډنمارکي" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ډنمارکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – الماني" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="الماني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%88%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B9%CE%BD_%CE%A7%CE%B1%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BB" title="Έντγουιν Χαμπλ – یوناني" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Έντγουιν Χαμπλ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="یوناني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – انګليسي" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="انګليسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – اسپرانتو" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="اسپرانتو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – هسپانوي" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="هسپانوي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – حبشي" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="حبشي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – باسکي" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="باسکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84" title="ادوین هابل – فارسي" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ادوین هابل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="فارسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – فینلنډي" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="فینلنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – فرانسوي" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="فرانسوي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – لوېديځ فريشي" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="لوېديځ فريشي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – ائيرلېنډي" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ائيرلېنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – ګلېشيايي" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ګلېشيايي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%93%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%91%D7%9C" title="אדווין האבל – عبراني" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אדווין האבל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="عبراني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2" title="ऍडविन हबल – هندي" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ऍडविन हबल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="هندي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – کروايشيايي" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="کروايشيايي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – هنګري" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="هنګري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%A4%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%AC" title="Էդվին Հաբլ – آرمينيايي" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էդվին Հաբլ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="آرمينيايي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Powell_Hubble" title="Edwin Powell Hubble – انډونېزي" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Edwin Powell Hubble" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="انډونېزي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – اڊو" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="اڊو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – ايسلنډي" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ايسلنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – ایټالوي" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ایټالوي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%89%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8F%E3%83%83%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB" title="エドウィン・ハッブル – جاپاني" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エドウィン・ハッブル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="جاپاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ედუინ ჰაბლი – جورجيائي" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ედუინ ჰაბლი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="جورجيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%BB" title="Эдвин Хаббл – قازق" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Эдвин Хаббл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="قازق" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%93%9C%EC%9C%88_%ED%97%88%EB%B8%94" title="에드윈 허블 – کوریایی" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에드윈 허블" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="کوریایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – کردي" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="کردي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – کورنيشي" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="کورنيشي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%BB" title="Эдвин Хаббл – کرغيزي" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Эдвин Хаббл" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="کرغيزي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwinus_Hubble" title="Edwinus Hubble – لاتیني" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Edwinus Hubble" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="لاتیني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – لوګزامبورګي" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="لوګزامبورګي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Powell_Hubble" title="Edwin Powell Hubble – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Edwin Powell Hubble" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – ليتواني" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ليتواني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edv%C4%ABns_Habls" title="Edvīns Habls – لېټواني" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Edvīns Habls" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="لېټواني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – ملغاسي" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="ملغاسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB" title="Едвин Хабл – مقدوني" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Едвин Хабл" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="مقدوني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BE" title="എഡ്വിൻ ഹബിൾ – مالايالم" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എഡ്വിൻ ഹബിൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="مالايالم" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2" title="एडविन हबल – مراټهي" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="एडविन हबल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="مراټهي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – ملایا" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="ملایا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – مالټايي" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="مالټايي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%9F%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="အက်ဒွင် ဟပ်ဘယ် – برمایی" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အက်ဒွင် ဟပ်ဘယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="برمایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – هالېنډي" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="هالېنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – ناروېئي (نائنورسک)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="ناروېئي (نائنورسک)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – ناروېئي (بوکمال)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ناروېئي (بوکمال)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – اوکسيټاني" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="اوکسيټاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B2" title="ਐਡਵਿਨ ਹਬਲ – پنجابي" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਐਡਵਿਨ ਹਬਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="پنجابي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – پمپانگا" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="پمپانگا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – پولنډي" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="پولنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%88%D9%88%D9%86_%DB%81%D8%A8%D9%84" title="ایڈون ہبل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایڈون ہبل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Powell_Hubble" title="Edwin Powell Hubble – پورتګالي" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Edwin Powell Hubble" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="پورتګالي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – رومانیایی" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="رومانیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – اروماني" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="اروماني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%BB,_%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Хаббл, Эдвин – روسي" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хаббл, Эдвин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="روسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – سیلیسي" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="سیلیسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – سرب-کروشيايي" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="سرب-کروشيايي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – سلوواکي" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="سلوواکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Powell_Hubble" title="Edwin Powell Hubble – سلوواني" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Edwin Powell Hubble" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="سلوواني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – الباني" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="الباني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB" title="Едвин Хабл – سربيائي" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Едвин Хабл" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="سربيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – سوډاني" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="سوډاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – سویډنی" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="سویډنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – سواهېلي" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="سواهېلي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B9%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="எட்வின் ஹபிள் – تامل" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எட்வின் ஹபிள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="تامل" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D2%B2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%BB" title="Эдвин Ҳаббл – تاجکي" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Эдвин Ҳаббл" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="تاجکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5" title="เอ็ดวิน ฮับเบิล – تايلېنډي" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอ็ดวิน ฮับเบิล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="تايلېنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – ترکي" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ترکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%BB" title="Едвін Габбл – اوکرايني" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Едвін Габбл" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="اوکرايني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%88%D9%88%D9%86_%DB%81%D8%A8%D9%84" title="ایڈون ہبل – اردو" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایڈون ہبل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="اردو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – اوزبکي" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="اوزبکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – وېتنامي" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="وېتنامي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – وارۍ" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="وارۍ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%8B%83" title="哈勃 – وو چینایی" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="哈勃" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="وو چینایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ედუინ ჰაბლი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ედუინ ჰაბლი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble – یوروبا" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Edwin Hubble" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="یوروبا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E5%8B%83" title="愛德文·哈勃 – چیني" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="愛德文·哈勃" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="چیني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%8B%83" title="哈勃 – کانټوني" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="哈勃" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="کانټوني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43027#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="د ژبو خپلمنځي تړنې سمول" class="wbc-editpage">تړنې سمول</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="نوم-تشيالونه"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%89%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%84" title="د مخ مېنځپانگه کتل [c]" accesskey="c"><span>مخ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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</div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> چاپول/صادرول </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D8%A7%DA%89%D9%88%D9%86+%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%84"><span>يو کتاب جوړول</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D8%A7%DA%89%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%84&action=show-download-screen"><span>د PDF په بڼه ښکته کول</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%DA%89%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%84&printable=yes" title="د دې مخ چاپي بڼه [p]" accesskey="p"><span>چاپي بڼه</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> په نورو پروژو کې </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Powell_Hubble" hreflang="en"><span>ويکيمېډيا کامنز</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43027" title="د نښلېدلي اومتوک زېرمتون توکي سره تړنه [g]" accesskey="g"><span>ويکي‌ډېټا توکی</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ښکارېدونکې بڼه"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ښکارېدونکې بڼه</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">څنګپټې ته ورسئ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">پټول</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">د ويکيپېډيا، وړیا پوهنغونډ له خوا</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="ps" dir="rtl"><table class="infobox_v2 infobox plainlist" cellspacing="3px"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" class="entete humain" style="line-height:1.5em; background-color:#C0C0C0;color:#000000">اډون هبل </th></tr> <tr><th scope="col" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E1E1E1;color:#000000"> </th> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" align="center"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87:Studio_portrait_photograph_of_Edwin_Powell_Hubble_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="اډون هبل"><img alt="اډون هبل" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Studio_portrait_photograph_of_Edwin_Powell_Hubble_%28cropped%29.JPG/261px-Studio_portrait_photograph_of_Edwin_Powell_Hubble_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="261" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Studio_portrait_photograph_of_Edwin_Powell_Hubble_%28cropped%29.JPG/392px-Studio_portrait_photograph_of_Edwin_Powell_Hubble_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Studio_portrait_photograph_of_Edwin_Powell_Hubble_%28cropped%29.JPG/523px-Studio_portrait_photograph_of_Edwin_Powell_Hubble_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="846" data-file-height="1068" /></a></span></div> </td></tr><tr> <td colspan="2"><hr style="height:2px;background-color: #E1E1E1;color:#E1E1E1;" /> </td></tr><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E1E1E1;color:#000000"> د شخص مالومات </th></tr><tr> <th style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row">پيدايښت </th><td style=""> </td></tr><tr> <th style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row">مړینه </th><td style=""> </td></tr><tr> <th style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row">تابعیت </th><td style=""><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87:Flag_of_the_United_States_(1795-1818).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="امریکا متحده ايالات">د امریکا متحده ایالات</a>   <span class="noprint"> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43027#P27" title="ويکيډاټا کې (P27) ځانګړنې بدلې کړئ"><img alt="ويکيډاټا کې (P27) ځانګړنې بدلې کړئ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/13px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/26px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td></tr><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E1E1E1;color:#000000"> عملي ژوند </th> </tr><tr> <th style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row">کار/مسلک </th><td style=""> </td></tr><tr> <th style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8D_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="مورنۍ ژبه">مورنۍ ژبه</a> </th><td style=""><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%B1%DB%90%D8%B2%D9%8A" title="انګرېزي">انګرېزي ژبه</a>   <span class="noprint"> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43027#P103" title="ويکيډاټا کې (P103) ځانګړنې بدلې کړئ"><img alt="ويکيډاټا کې (P103) ځانګړنې بدلې کړئ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/13px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/26px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td></tr><tr> <th style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row">کاروونکي ژبه </th><td style=""><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%B1%DB%90%D8%B2%D9%8A" title="انګرېزي">انګرېزي ژبه</a> <sup id="cite_ref-676362517dc51c14f286b1fd32f75b9039faa861_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-676362517dc51c14f286b1fd32f75b9039faa861-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۶<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>  <span class="noprint"> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43027#P1412" title="ويکيډاټا کې (P1412) ځانګړنې بدلې کړئ"><img alt="ويکيډاټا کې (P1412) ځانګړنې بدلې کړئ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/13px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/26px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td></tr><tr> <th style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row">د کړنې څانګه </th><td style=""><a href="/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86%D9%87" title="ستورپوهنه">ستورپوهنه</a>   <span class="noprint"> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43027#P101" title="ويکيډاټا کې (P101) ځانګړنې بدلې کړئ"><img alt="ويکيډاټا کې (P101) ځانګړنې بدلې کړئ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/13px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/26px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td></tr><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E1E1E1;color:#000000">پوځي خدمت </th> </tr><tr> <th style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row">جګړه/جګړې </th><td style=""><a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%DA%93%D9%86%DB%8D_%D9%86%DA%93%DB%90%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%AC%DA%AF%DA%93%D9%87" title="لومړنۍ نړېواله جگړه">لومړنۍ نړېواله جګړه</a> ،  <a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%87_%D9%86%DA%93%DB%90%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%AC%DA%AB%DA%93%D9%87" title="دويمه نړېواله جګړه">دويمه نړېواله جګړه</a>   <span class="noprint"> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43027#P607" title="ويکيډاټا کې (P607) ځانګړنې بدلې کړئ"><img alt="ويکيډاټا کې (P607) ځانګړنې بدلې کړئ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/13px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/26px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td></tr><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E1E1E1;color:#000000"> لاسليک </th> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" align="center"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87:Edwin_Hubble_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="اډون هبل"><img alt="اډون هبل" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Edwin_Hubble_signature.svg/120px-Edwin_Hubble_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Edwin_Hubble_signature.svg/180px-Edwin_Hubble_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Edwin_Hubble_signature.svg/240px-Edwin_Hubble_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="105" /></a></span></div> </td></tr><tr> <td colspan="2"><hr style="height:2px;background-color: #E1E1E1;color:#E1E1E1;" /> </td></tr><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#E1E1E1;color:#000000">وېبپاڼه </th> </tr><tr> <th style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87:IMDb_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="ربط=انٹرنیٹ مووی ڈیٹابیس"><img alt="ربط=انٹرنیٹ مووی ڈیٹابیس" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/IMDb_logo.svg/40px-IMDb_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/IMDb_logo.svg/60px-IMDb_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/IMDb_logo.svg/80px-IMDb_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> </th><td style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1202965/">مخ پر IMDB باندې</a>  <span class="noprint"> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43027#P345" title="ويکيډاټا کې (P345) ځانګړنې بدلې کړئ"><img alt="ويکيډاټا کې (P345) ځانګړنې بدلې کړئ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/13px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/26px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td></tr><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right;background-color:#F9F9F9;color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wikimedia-logo.svg/16px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wikimedia-logo.svg/24px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wikimedia-logo.svg/32px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024" /></span></span>  <span class="noprint"> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43027#P935" title="ويکيډاټا کې (P935) ځانګړنې بدلې کړئ"><img alt="ويکيډاټا کې (P935) ځانګړنې بدلې کړئ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/13px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/26px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #E1E1E1 dotted; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; text-align: left;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:right;"><a class="external text" href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%DA%89%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%84&action=edit&section=0"><span style="color:#555;">سمول</span></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89%DB%8D:%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%82_%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5" title="کينډۍ لاسوند وګورئ"><img alt="کينډۍ لاسوند وګورئ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></td> </tr></tbody></table> <p>Edwin Powell Hubble چې د ۱۸۸۹ز کال د نومبر له ۲۰ څخه يې د ۱۹۵۳ ز سپټمبر تر ۲۸ مې پورې ژوند کاوه، يو امريکايي ستوري پېژندونکی و. نوموړي له کهکشان څخه د پورته ستوري پېژندنې او مشاهداتي کیهان پېژندنې څانګو په رامنځته کولو کې د پام وړ ونډه ولوبوله. <sup id="cite_ref-NASABio2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASABio2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۷<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-space.com_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-space.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۸<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-futurism_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-futurism-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۹<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hubble ثابته کړه چې، زياتره هغه شيان چې پخوا فکر کېده، د ګرد او ګاز ورېځې به وي او د نيوبولا په توګه ډلبندي شوي وو؛ په اصل کې د شيدو لار (Milky Way) تر شا کهکشانونه وو. نوموړي د کهکشاني او له کهکشان څخه د سترو واټنونو د اندازه کولو لپاره د يوه لرغوني Cepheid د بدلون نورانيت او ضربان دورې (چې په ۱۹۰۸ ز کې د Henrietta Swan Leavitt له لوري وموندل شوه) تر منځ پياوړې سيده اړيکه وکاروله. <sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-udalski99_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-udalski99-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sos08_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sos08-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-freedman2001_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-freedman2001-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-freedman2010_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-freedman2010-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۵<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>هغه ثبوت چمتو کړ، چې د يوه کهکشان تعطيلي چټکتيا له ځمکې څخه د هغې په واټن سره زياتېږي، چې دا ځانګړنه اوس د هغه حقيقت تر څنګ د هبل د قانون په نوم يادېږي، چې دوه کاله وړاندې د Georges Lemitre له خوا په مشاهداتي ډول وړانديز شوی او بيان شوی و. د Hubble او Lemaitre ګډ قانون دلالت کوي چې نړۍ پراخېږي. يوه لسيزه وړاندې امريکايي ستوري پېژندونکي Vesto Slipher هغه لومړنی دليل چمتو کړ، چې د ډېرو دې نيبولا رڼا په پياوړي ډول red-shifted [سره اوښتې وه] چې د لوړې شاته اچونې چټکتياوو څرګندونکې وه. <sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۶<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hubbles_Law_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hubbles_Law-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۷<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۸<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۹<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>د Hubble نوم، د هبل فضا دوربين (Hubble Space Telescope) لپاره په خورا پراخه ډول پېژندل شوی دی، چې د هغه په ټاټوبي Marshfield, Missouri کې په څرګند ډول د ښکاره شوي يوه موډل سره د نوموړي په وياړ نوموړل شوی دی. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="د_ژوند_لومړي_وختونه_او_زده_کړې"><span id=".D8.AF_.DA.98.D9.88.D9.86.D8.AF_.D9.84.D9.88.D9.85.DA.93.D9.8A_.D9.88.D8.AE.D8.AA.D9.88.D9.86.D9.87_.D8.A7.D9.88_.D8.B2.D8.AF.D9.87_.DA.A9.DA.93.DB.90"></span>د ژوند لومړي وختونه او زده کړې</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%DA%89%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%84&action=edit&section=1" title="د سمولو برخه: د ژوند لومړي وختونه او زده کړې"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Edwin Hubble له Virginia Lee Hubble () او John Powell Hubble څخه چې د بيمې اجرائيه رئيس و؛ د Marshfield, Missouri کې زېږېدلی دی او په ۱۹۰۰ ز کال کې Wheaton, Illinois ته ولاړ. نوموړي د ځوانۍ په عمر کې د هغه د معنوي وړتياوو په پرتله د ورزشي وړتياوو له امله د يادونې وړ و، که څه هم هغه له املا پرته په بل هر مضمون کې ښې نمرې تر لاسه کړې. اډون يو ځیرک لوبغاړی و، چې په عالي ښوونځي او پوهنځي دواړو کې يې بېسبال، فوټبال او د منډې لوبې کولې. نوموړي په ۱۹۰۶ ز کال کې د عالي ښوونځي د منډې په يوه سيالۍ او [ډګر ته رسېدنه] کې اووه لومړي او يو درېيم مقام وګټه او د باسکټبال په لوبه کې يې له مرکز څخه تر ویستونکي ساتونکي (shooting guard) پورې په يو لړ ځايونو کې لوبه وکړه. هغه په ۱۹۰۷ ز کال کې د دوی د لومړۍ ناستې سرليک په رسولو کې د شيکاګو پوهنتون د باسکټبال ټيم مشري وکړه. <sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۰<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gale_E._Christianson_1996_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gale_E._Christianson_1996-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="د_لېسانس_زده_کړې"><span id=".D8.AF_.D9.84.DB.90.D8.B3.D8.A7.D9.86.D8.B3_.D8.B2.D8.AF.D9.87_.DA.A9.DA.93.DB.90"></span>د لېسانس زده کړې</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%DA%89%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%84&action=edit&section=2" title="د سمولو برخه: د لېسانس زده کړې"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>د شيکاګو په پوهنتون کې د هبل زده کړې پر حقوقو متمرکزې وې، چې په پايله کې يې په ۱۹۱۰ ز کې د لېسانس درجه تر لاسه کړه. Hubble د Kappa Sigma Fraternity. د رودزعالم  (Rhodes Scholar) په توګه يې درې کالونه د اکسفورډ په Queen’s College کې، د ساينس پر ځای د قانون پوهنې په لوستلو کې تېر کړل او وروسته يې په ادبياتو او هسپانوي کې هم زده کړې پيل کړې، چې په پایله کې يې د ماسټرۍ سند تر لاسه کړ. <sup id="cite_ref-Times_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Times-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>په ۱۹۰۹ز کې د هبل پلار خپله کورنۍ له شيکاګو څخه Shelbyville, Kentucky ته ولېږدوله، چې په يوه کوچني ښارګوټي کې واوسېږي او په يا کې يې Louisville ته نږدې مېشت کړه. پلار يې د ۱۹۱۳ز په ژمي کې هغه مهال مړ شو، چې Edwin لا تر اوسه په انګلېنډ کې و. نوموړي په راتلونکې اوړي کې د خپلې مور، دوو خویندو او کوچني ورور د پالنې په موخه له خپل ورور ويليم سره بېرته کور ته راغی. کورنۍ يې ويليم او اډوين ته د استوګنځي برابرولو په موخه يو ځل بيا د Louisville د Highlands ګاونډ Everett Avenue ته لاړل. <sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۵<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>هبل يو وظيفه پېژندونکی زوی و، چې د کوچنيوالي له وخته له ستورو پېژندنې سره د لېوالتيا تر څنګ يې د خپل پلار غوښتنې ته غاړه کېښوده او لومړی يې د شيکاګو او وروسته په اکسفورډ پوهنتون کې حقوق ولوستل. نوموړي په دې وخت کې د رياضي او ساينس ځيني دورې هم وکړې. په ۱۹۱۳ ز کې د پلار له مړينې څخه وروسته له اکسفورډ څخه منځني لويديځ ته بېرته ولاړ، مګر د حقوقو په برخه کې د کار کولو انګېزه يې نه لرله. د حقوقو پر ځای يې د Indiana د نوي الباني په New Albany عالي ښوونځي کې د هسپانوي، فزيک او رياضياتو تدريس ته مخه وکړه، چې هملته يې د هلکانو د باسکېټبال ډله رهبرې کړه. نوموړی د عالي ښوونځي له يوه کال تدريس څخه وروسته د شيکاګو پوهنتون څخه د خپل پخواني پروفيسور په مرسته د پوهنتون د Yerkes Observatory کې د ستورو پېژندنې د لوستلو په موخه د لېسانس ښوونځي ته شامل شو، چې په ۱۹۱۷ ز کې يې له همدې ځايه د دوکتورا سند تر لاسه کړ. د نوموړي تيزس د «د بې هوښه نيبولا انځوريزې څېړنې» تر سرليک لاندې و. په Yerkes کې يې د هغه وخت د تر ټولو پياوړو دوربينونو څخه يوه ته لاسرسی درلود، چې يو پرمختللی يا نوی ۲۴ انچه (۶۱ سانتي متره) منعکس کوونکې اله يې لرله. <sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۶<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۷<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="د_دوکتورا_زده_کړې"><span id=".D8.AF_.D8.AF.D9.88.DA.A9.D8.AA.D9.88.D8.B1.D8.A7_.D8.B2.D8.AF.D9.87_.DA.A9.DA.93.DB.90"></span>د دوکتورا زده کړې</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%DA%89%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%84&action=edit&section=3" title="د سمولو برخه: د دوکتورا زده کړې"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>وروسته له هغې چې په ۱۹۱۷ ز کې متحده ايالتونو د جرمنې پر وړاندې جنګ اعلان کړ، Hubble په پوځ کې د ګډون کولو په موخه په چټکۍ سره د خپلې دوکتورا تيزس بشپړ کړ. نوموړی د متحده ايالتونو د پوځ لپاره رضاکارانه دنده وکړه او نوې جوړې شوې ۸۶ فرقې ته وګومارل شو، چې هغه د دويمې لوا په ۳۴۳ کنډک کې خدمت وکړ. هغه د تورن تر درجې پورې ورسېد او د ۱۹۱۸ جولای په ۹ مه له هېواده د باندې دندې لپاره غوره وګڼل شو، مګر ۸۶ فرقه هېڅکله له جنګ سره مخامخ نه شوه [جنګ يې ونه کړ]. هبل له لومړي نړيوال جنګ څخه وروسته، يو کال د کمرېج پوهنتون کې تېر کړ، چې د ستوروپوهنې په اړه يې په کې خپله زده کړې نوې کړې. <sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۸<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۹<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="مسلک"><span id=".D9.85.D8.B3.D9.84.DA.A9"></span>مسلک</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%DA%89%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%84&action=edit&section=4" title="د سمولو برخه: مسلک"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hubble ته په ۱۹۱۹ ز کې د کليفورنيا پاساډينا ته نږدې د ستورو کتنځي د بنسټګر او رئيس George Ellery له خوا د ساينس د Mount Wilson  ستورو کتنځي لپاره د Carnegie Institution کې د کارکوونکي په توګه د دندې وړاندیز وشو. نوموړی د خپلې مړينې (۱۹۵۳ز) پورې، د Mount Wilson د کارکوونکي په توګه پاتې شو. هغه له خپلې مړينې څخه لږ وړاندې لومړنی ستوري پېژندونکی شو، چې د کليفورنيا San Diego ته نږدې د Palomar د ستورو کتنځي کې يې د Hale په نوم ۲۰۰ انچه (۵.۱ ملي) منعکس کوونکې الې لرونکی نوی بشپړ شوی دوربين وکاراوه. </p><p>هبل Hubble د امريکا د پوځ لپاره د دويمې نړيوالې جګړې پر مهال د Maryland په Aberdeen Proving Ground کې د يوه ملکي په توګه او د توغېدونکو شيانو د څېړنې لابراتوار د بانديني باليستيک څانګې د مشر په توګه کار وکړ. د يادې دندې په موده کې يې د باندينيو توغېدونکو شيانو د علم په برخه کې ډېرې څېړنې اداره کړې، چې د بمونو او توغنديو ګټور باروت يې زيات کړل. د نوموړي کار د هغه د شخصي پراختيا له امله چې په بانديني باليستيک کې يې د کارول شويو وسايلو لپاره د تجهيزاتو څو توکي رامنځته کړي وو، چې تر ټولو زيات د پام وړ پرمختګ يې د لوړې چټکتيا ساعت کمره وه، چې په الوتکه کې يې د بمونو او ټيټې چټکتيا توغنديو د ځانګړتياوو څېړل شوني کړل. د پام وړ ډيزاين، فعاليت او د بمونو او راکټونو نظامي ګټورتوب له امله، د نوموړي د زده کړو پايلو ته امتياز ورکول کېږي. Hubble ته هلته د کار له امله د (د ستاينې وړ لژين [نظامي عسکر]: Legion of Merit) انعام ورکړل شو. <sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳۰<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="موندنې_(کشفونې)"><span id=".D9.85.D9.88.D9.86.D8.AF.D9.86.DB.90_.28.DA.A9.D8.B4.D9.81.D9.88.D9.86.DB.90.29"></span>موندنې (کشفونې)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%DA%89%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%84&action=edit&section=5" title="د سمولو برخه: موندنې (کشفونې)"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>د نړۍ د شيدو لار د کهکشان تر شا ځي. په ۱۹۱۹ کې د کليفورنيا د Mount Wilson په نامه د ستورو کتنځي ته د Edwin Hubble راتګ، د هوکر ۱۰۰ انچه (۲،۵ ملي متره) دوربين (Hooker Telescope) بشپړېدو سره برابرېږي، چې وروسته د نړۍ تر ټولو ستر دوربين شو. په غه وخت کې د نړۍ متداول نظر دا و، چې د نړۍ په بشپړ ډول د شيدو لار له کهکشان څخه جوړه شوې ده. په Mount Wilson کې د هووکر دوربين په کارولو سره هبل، د Andromeda نيوبولا او Triangulum په ګډون په څو مارپېچ نيبولا کې Cepheid اوښتونکي تشخيص کړل (د ستورو هغه ډول چې له کهکشان څخه د واټن معلومولو په موخه د وسيلې په توګه کارول کېږي). <sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SharovNovikov1993_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SharovNovikov1993-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MB2_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MB2-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳۵<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="سرچینې"><span id=".D8.B3.D8.B1.DA.86.DB.8C.D9.86.DB.90"></span>سرچینې</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%DA%89%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%84&action=edit&section=6" title="د سمولو برخه: سرچینې"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-60f4329374343b1a3ba0e158bda45ae979d6daea-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-60f4329374343b1a3ba0e158bda45ae979d6daea_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110630015230/http://hubble.nasa.gov/overview/hubble_bio.php">https://web.archive.org/web/20110630015230/http://hubble.nasa.gov/overview/hubble_bio.php</a> — آرشيف اصل</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49fdb5fe81b8355b0a67fc010bab1d0476734c67-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49fdb5fe81b8355b0a67fc010bab1d0476734c67_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">پیدا کوونکی: John O'Connor او Edmund Robertson </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3b32094dacfd506a1311472dd04ebf25d448c93a-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3b32094dacfd506a1311472dd04ebf25d448c93a_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">SNAC ARK ID: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6891877">https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6891877</a> — subject named as: Edwin Hubble — د نشر نېټه: ۹ اکتوبر ۲۰۱۷</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-690e2d77227f0e9ea8687071bb69d4d63c610e45-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-690e2d77227f0e9ea8687071bb69d4d63c610e45_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">انسايکلوپېډيا نړيوال پېژند: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/edwin-powell-hubble/">https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/edwin-powell-hubble/</a> — subject named as: HUBBLE EDWIN POWELL — د نشر نېټه: ۹ اکتوبر ۲۰۱۷ — خپرونکی: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5833a886de2560dfce97ecd9d565dbfe42223091-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5833a886de2560dfce97ecd9d565dbfe42223091_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brockhaus Enzyklopädie online ID: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/hubble-edwin-powell">https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/hubble-edwin-powell</a> — subject named as: Edwin Powell Hubble</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-676362517dc51c14f286b1fd32f75b9039faa861-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-676362517dc51c14f286b1fd32f75b9039faa861_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">CONOR.SI ID: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://plus.cobiss.net/cobiss/si/sl/conor/253056355">https://plus.cobiss.net/cobiss/si/sl/conor/253056355</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NASABio2-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NASABio2_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r262776">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110630015230/http://hubble.nasa.gov/overview/hubble_bio.php">"Biography of Edwin Hubble (1889–1953)"</a>. NASA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hubble.nasa.gov/overview/hubble_bio.php">the original</a> on June 30, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">June 21,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biography+of+Edwin+Hubble+%281889%E2%80%931953%29&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhubble.nasa.gov%2Foverview%2Fhubble_bio.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%DA%89%D9%88%D9%86+%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%84" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-space.com-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-space.com_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="space.com" class="citation web cs1">Redd, Nola Taylor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.space.com/16095-famous-astronomers.html">"Famous Astronomers | List of Great Scientists in Astronomy"</a>. <i>SPACE.com</i>. Perch<span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SPACE.com&rft.atitle=Famous+Astronomers+%7C+List+of+Great+Scientists+in+Astronomy&rft.aulast=Redd&rft.aufirst=Nola+Taylor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2F16095-famous-astronomers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%DA%89%D9%88%D9%86+%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%84" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-futurism-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-futurism_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="futurism" class="citation web cs1">Reese, Riley. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180407053738/https://futurism.media/most-influential-astronomers-of-all-time">"Most Influential Astronomers of All Time"</a>. <i>Futurism</i>. Jerrick Ventures LLC. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://futurism.media/most-influential-astronomers-of-all-time">the original</a> on April 7, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Futurism&rft.atitle=Most+Influential+Astronomers+of+All+Time&rft.aulast=Reese&rft.aufirst=Riley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffuturism.media%2Fmost-influential-astronomers-of-all-time&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%DA%89%D9%88%D9%86+%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%84" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89%DB%8D:Cite_web" class="mw-redirect" title="کينډۍ:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|خونديځ-تړی=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%9A%D9%88%D8%AF:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="لارښود:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFHubble1926" class="citation journal cs1">Hubble, Edwin (December 1926). "Extragalactic nebulae". <i>Astrophysical Journal</i>. <b>64</b> (64): 321–369. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="بيبکوډ (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1926ApJ....64..321H">1926ApJ....64..321H</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%85%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90%DA%9A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D9%86%DA%9A%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="څيز برېښنايي نښه (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F143018">10.1086/143018</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astrophysical+Journal&rft.atitle=Extragalactic+nebulae&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=64&rft.pages=321-369&rft.date=1926-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F143018&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1926ApJ....64..321H&rft.aulast=Hubble&rft.aufirst=Edwin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%DA%89%D9%88%D9%86+%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%84" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-udalski99-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-udalski99_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFUdalski,_A.Soszynski,_I.Szymanski,_M.Kubiak,_M.1999" class="citation journal cs1">Udalski, A.; Soszynski, I.; Szymanski, M.; Kubiak, M.; Pietrzynski, G.; Wozniak, P.; Zebrun, K. (1999). "The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. Cepheids in the Magellanic Clouds. IV. Catalog of Cepheids from the Large Magellanic Cloud". <i>Acta Astronomica</i>. <b>49</b>: 223–317. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88_(%D9%88%DB%90%D8%A8%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%BC%D9%87)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ارکايو (وېبپاڼه) (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">arXiv</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9908317">astro-ph/9908317</a></span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="بيبکوډ (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999AcA....49..223U">1999AcA....49..223U</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Astronomica&rft.atitle=The+Optical+Gravitational+Lensing+Experiment.+Cepheids+in+the+Magellanic+Clouds.+IV.+Catalog+of+Cepheids+from+the+Large+Magellanic+Cloud&rft.volume=49&rft.pages=223-317&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fastro-ph%2F9908317&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1999AcA....49..223U&rft.au=Udalski%2C+A.&rft.au=Soszynski%2C+I.&rft.au=Szymanski%2C+M.&rft.au=Kubiak%2C+M.&rft.au=Pietrzynski%2C+G.&rft.au=Wozniak%2C+P.&rft.au=Zebrun%2C+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%DA%89%D9%88%D9%86+%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%84" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sos08-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-sos08_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFSoszynski,_I.Poleski,_R.Udalski,_A.Szymanski,_M._K.2008" class="citation journal cs1">Soszynski, I.; Poleski, R.; Udalski, A.; Szymanski, M. K.; Kubiak, M.; Pietrzynski, G.; Wyrzykowski, L.; Szewczyk, O.; Ulaczyk, K. (2008). "The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. The OGLE-III Catalog of Variable Stars. I. Classical Cepheids in the Large Magellanic Cloud". <i>Acta Astronomica</i>. <b>58</b>: 163. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88_(%D9%88%DB%90%D8%A8%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%BC%D9%87)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ارکايو (وېبپاڼه) (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">arXiv</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/0808.2210">0808.2210</a></span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="بيبکوډ (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AcA....58..163S">2008AcA....58..163S</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Astronomica&rft.atitle=The+Optical+Gravitational+Lensing+Experiment.+The+OGLE-III+Catalog+of+Variable+Stars.+I.+Classical+Cepheids+in+the+Large+Magellanic+Cloud&rft.volume=58&rft.pages=163&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F0808.2210&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008AcA....58..163S&rft.au=Soszynski%2C+I.&rft.au=Poleski%2C+R.&rft.au=Udalski%2C+A.&rft.au=Szymanski%2C+M.+K.&rft.au=Kubiak%2C+M.&rft.au=Pietrzynski%2C+G.&rft.au=Wyrzykowski%2C+L.&rft.au=Szewczyk%2C+O.&rft.au=Ulaczyk%2C+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%DA%89%D9%88%D9%86+%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%84" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFLeavitt,_Henrietta_S.1908" class="citation journal cs1">Leavitt, Henrietta S. (1908). "1777 variables in the Magellanic Clouds". <i>Annals of Harvard College Observatory</i>. <b>60</b>: 87. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="بيبکوډ (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1908AnHar..60...87L">1908AnHar..60...87L</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Harvard+College+Observatory&rft.atitle=1777+variables+in+the+Magellanic+Clouds&rft.volume=60&rft.pages=87&rft.date=1908&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1908AnHar..60...87L&rft.au=Leavitt%2C+Henrietta+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%DA%89%D9%88%D9%86+%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%84" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-freedman2001-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-freedman2001_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFFreedmanMadoreGibsonFerrarese2001" class="citation journal cs1">Freedman, Wendy L.; Madore, Barry F.; Gibson, Brad K.; Ferrarese, Laura; Kelson, Daniel D.; Sakai, Shoko; Mould, Jeremy R.; Kennicutt, Jr., Robert C.; Ford, Holland C.; Graham, John A.; Huchra, John P.; Hughes, Shaun M. G.; Illingworth, Garth D.; Macri, Lucas M.; Stetson, Peter B. (2001). "Final Results from the <i>Hubble Space Telescope</i> Key Project to Measure the Hubble Constant". <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. <b>553</b> (1): 47–72. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88_(%D9%88%DB%90%D8%A8%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%BC%D9%87)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ارکايو (وېبپاڼه) (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">arXiv</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0012376">astro-ph/0012376</a></span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="بيبکوډ (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001ApJ...553...47F">2001ApJ...553...47F</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%85%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90%DA%9A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D9%86%DA%9A%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="څيز برېښنايي نښه (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F320638">10.1086/320638</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="سمانتیک اسکالر (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:119097691">119097691</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Astrophysical+Journal&rft.atitle=Final+Results+from+the+Hubble+Space+Telescope+Key+Project+to+Measure+the+Hubble+Constant&rft.volume=553&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=47-72&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fastro-ph%2F0012376&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A119097691%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F320638&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2001ApJ...553...47F&rft.aulast=Freedman&rft.aufirst=Wendy+L.&rft.au=Madore%2C+Barry+F.&rft.au=Gibson%2C+Brad+K.&rft.au=Ferrarese%2C+Laura&rft.au=Kelson%2C+Daniel+D.&rft.au=Sakai%2C+Shoko&rft.au=Mould%2C+Jeremy+R.&rft.au=Kennicutt%2C+Jr.%2C+Robert+C.&rft.au=Ford%2C+Holland+C.&rft.au=Graham%2C+John+A.&rft.au=Huchra%2C+John+P.&rft.au=Hughes%2C+Shaun+M.+G.&rft.au=Illingworth%2C+Garth+D.&rft.au=Macri%2C+Lucas+M.&rft.au=Stetson%2C+Peter+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%DA%89%D9%88%D9%86+%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%84" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-freedman2010-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-freedman2010_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFFreedman,_Wendy_L.Madore,_Barry_F.2010" class="citation journal cs1">Freedman, Wendy L.; Madore, Barry F. (2010). "The Hubble Constant". <i>Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>. <b>48</b>: 673–710. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88_(%D9%88%DB%90%D8%A8%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%BC%D9%87)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ارکايو (وېبپاڼه) (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">arXiv</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/1004.1856">1004.1856</a></span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="بيبکوډ (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010ARA&A..48..673F">2010ARA&A..48..673F</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%85%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90%DA%9A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D9%86%DA%9A%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="څيز برېښنايي نښه (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev-astro-082708-101829">10.1146/annurev-astro-082708-101829</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="سمانتیک اسکالر (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:119263173">119263173</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Astronomy+and+Astrophysics&rft.atitle=The+Hubble+Constant&rft.volume=48&rft.pages=673-710&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1004.1856&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A119263173%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev-astro-082708-101829&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2010ARA%26A..48..673F&rft.au=Freedman%2C+Wendy+L.&rft.au=Madore%2C+Barry+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%DA%89%D9%88%D9%86+%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%84" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.space.com/13616-universe-expansion-discovery-hubble-lemaitre-mystery.html">"Astronomer Sleuth Solves Mystery of Big Cosmos Discovery by Nola Taylor Redd, <i>Space.com</i>, November 14, 2011"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space.com&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space.com (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Space.com</a></i>. November 14, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Space.com&rft.atitle=Astronomer+Sleuth+Solves+Mystery+of+Big+Cosmos+Discovery+by+Nola+Taylor+Redd%2C+Space.com%2C+November+14%2C+2011&rft.date=2011-11-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2F13616-universe-expansion-discovery-hubble-lemaitre-mystery.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%DA%89%D9%88%D9%86+%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%84" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hubbles_Law-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Hubbles_Law_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFHubble1929" class="citation journal cs1">Hubble, Edwin (1929). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC522427">"A relation between distance and radial velocity among extra-galactic nebulae"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proceedings_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">PNAS</a></i>. <b>15</b> (3): 168–173. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="بيبکوډ (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1929PNAS...15..168H">1929PNAS...15..168H</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%85%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90%DA%9A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D9%86%DA%9A%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="څيز برېښنايي نښه (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.15.3.168">10.1073/pnas.15.3.168</a></span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%A8%D9%85%DB%90%DA%89%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%BC%D8%B1%D9%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="پبمېډسنټرل (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC522427">522427</a></span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D8%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="پاب‌مد (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16577160">16577160</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PNAS&rft.atitle=A+relation+between+distance+and+radial+velocity+among+extra-galactic+nebulae&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=168-173&rft.date=1929&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC522427%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16577160&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.15.3.168&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1929PNAS...15..168H&rft.aulast=Hubble&rft.aufirst=Edwin&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC522427&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%DA%89%D9%88%D9%86+%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%84" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFSlipher1917" class="citation journal cs1">Slipher, V.M. (1917). "Proc. Am. Philos. Soc". <b>56</b>: 404–409.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Proc.+Am.+Philos.+Soc.&rft.volume=56&rft.pages=404-409&rft.date=1917&rft.aulast=Slipher&rft.aufirst=V.M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%DA%89%D9%88%D9%86+%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%84" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89%DB%8D:Cite_journal" title="کينډۍ:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%9A%D9%88%D8%AF:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="لارښود:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFSegal1993" class="citation journal cs1">Segal, I.E. (December 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC47932">"Geometric derivation of the chronometric redshift"</a>. <i>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA</i>. <b>90</b> (23): 11114–11116. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="بيبکوډ (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993PNAS...9011114S">1993PNAS...9011114S</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%85%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90%DA%9A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D9%86%DA%9A%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="څيز برېښنايي نښه (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.90.23.11114">10.1073/pnas.90.23.11114</a></span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%A8%D9%85%DB%90%DA%89%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%BC%D8%B1%D9%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="پبمېډسنټرل (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC47932">47932</a></span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D8%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="پاب‌مد (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11607440">11607440</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proc.+Natl.+Acad.+Sci.+USA&rft.atitle=Geometric+derivation+of+the+chronometric+redshift&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=23&rft.pages=11114-11116&rft.date=1993-12&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC47932%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11607440&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.90.23.11114&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1993PNAS...9011114S&rft.aulast=Segal&rft.aufirst=I.E.&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC47932&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%DA%89%D9%88%D9%86+%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%84" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geni.com/people/Virginia-Hubble/366307793650012341">"Virginia Lee Hubble (James) (c.1864 – 1934)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Virginia+Lee+Hubble+%28James%29+%28c.1864+%E2%80%93+1934%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geni.com%2Fpeople%2FVirginia-Hubble%2F366307793650012341&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%DA%89%D9%88%D9%86+%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%84" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFGale_E._Christianson1996" class="citation book cs1">Gale E. Christianson (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Gmdthgi8_CkC&q=eDWIN+HUBBLE"><i>Edwin Hubble: Mariner of the nebulae</i></a>. University of Chicago Press. pp. 13–18. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%86%DA%93%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="د کتاب نړيوال ستندرد شمېره (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%B3%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86%DB%90/9780226105215" class="new" title="ځانگړی:کتاب سرچينې/9780226105215 (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)"><bdi>9780226105215</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edwin+Hubble%3A+Mariner+of+the+nebulae&rft.pages=13-18&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780226105215&rft.au=Gale+E.+Christianson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGmdthgi8_CkC%26q%3DeDWIN%2BHUBBLE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%DA%89%D9%88%D9%86+%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%84" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gale_E._Christianson_1996-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Gale_E._Christianson_1996_22-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFGale_E._Christianson1996" class="citation book cs1">Gale E. Christianson (1996). <i>Edwin Hubble: mariner of the nebulae</i>. University of Chicago Press. p. 362. <q>Grace heard that Enrico Fermi and Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, both members of the Nobel Committee, had joined their colleagues in unanimously voting Hubble the prize in physics, a rumor later confirmed by the astronomers Geoffrey and Margaret Burbidge after speaking with "Chandra.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edwin+Hubble%3A+mariner+of+the+nebulae&rft.pages=362&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.au=Gale+E.+Christianson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%DA%89%D9%88%D9%86+%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%84" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Times-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Times_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_D._Lemonick1999" class="citation web cs1">Michael D. Lemonick (March 29, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070319180642/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,990615,00.html">"Astronomer Edwin Hubble"</a>. <i>The Times</i>. UK. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,990615,00.html">the original</a> on March 19, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">May 29,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Astronomer+Edwin+Hubble&rft.date=1999-03-29&rft.au=Michael+D.+Lemonick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C990615%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%DA%89%D9%88%D9%86+%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%84" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Rhodes_Trust" class="citation web cs1">The Rhodes Trust. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716231851/http://www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk/section/rhodes-scholars-complete-list-1903-2009">"Rhodes Scholars: Complete List, 1903–2010"</a>. The Rhodes Trust. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk/section/rhodes-scholars-complete-list-1903-2009">the original</a> on July 16, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">May 29,</span> 2011</span>. <q>Hubble, Edwin – The Queen's College, Illinois (1910)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rhodes+Scholars%3A+Complete+List%2C+1903%E2%80%932010&rft.pub=The+Rhodes+Trust&rft.au=The+Rhodes+Trust&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk%2Fsection%2Frhodes-scholars-complete-list-1903-2009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%DA%89%D9%88%D9%86+%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%84" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_F._Kielkopf" class="citation web cs1">John F. Kielkopf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astro.louisville.edu/education/hubble_in_louisville/index.html">"Edwin Hubble, Family, and Friends in Louisville 1909–1916"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Edwin+Hubble%2C+Family%2C+and+Friends+in+Louisville+1909%E2%80%931916&rft.au=John+F.+Kielkopf&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astro.louisville.edu%2Feducation%2Fhubble_in_louisville%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%DA%89%D9%88%D9%86+%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%84" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFHubble1920" class="citation book cs1">Hubble, Edwin Powell (1920). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/photographicinve00hubbrich"><i>Photographic investigations of faint nebulae</i></a>. Chicago, Ill., The University of Chicago Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2016</span> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Photographic+investigations+of+faint+nebulae&rft.pub=Chicago%2C+Ill.%2C+The+University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1920&rft.aulast=Hubble&rft.aufirst=Edwin+Powell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fphotographicinve00hubbrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%DA%89%D9%88%D9%86+%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%84" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal"> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Edwin-Hubble">Edwin Hubble | American astronomer</a>". <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.type=encyclopediaArticle&rft.title=Edwin+Hubble+%7C+American+astronomer&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FEdwin-Hubble&rft.source=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.language=en"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-jul-greg-uncertainty"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/search/#lnd=1&query=Major+Edwin+Hubble+is+Made+Lieutenant+Colonel&t=965">"Major Edwin Hubble is Made Lieutenant Colonel"</a>. <i>Springfield Missouri Republican</i>. August 11, 1918. p. 6<span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">October 19,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Springfield+Missouri+Republican&rft.atitle=Major+Edwin+Hubble+is+Made+Lieutenant+Colonel&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1918-08-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fsearch%2F%23lnd%3D1%26query%3DMajor%2BEdwin%2BHubble%2Bis%2BMade%2BLieutenant%2BColonel%26t%3D965&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%DA%89%D9%88%D9%86+%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%84" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFGale_E._Christianson1996" class="citation book cs1">Gale E. Christianson (1996). <i>Edwin Hubble: Mariner of the Nebulae</i>. University of Chicago Press. p. 183. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%86%DA%93%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="د کتاب نړيوال ستندرد شمېره (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%B3%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86%DB%90/9780226105215" class="new" title="ځانگړی:کتاب سرچينې/9780226105215 (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)"><bdi>9780226105215</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edwin+Hubble%3A+Mariner+of+the+Nebulae&rft.pages=183&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780226105215&rft.au=Gale+E.+Christianson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%DA%89%D9%88%D9%86+%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%84" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sharov, Alexander S., Igor D. Novikov "Edwin Hubble, The Discoverer of the Big Bang Universe". Cambridge, UK: The Cambridge University Press (1989) p. 101</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">A Science Odyssey:People and Discoveries</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">1929:Edwin Hubble Discovers the universe is expanding</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SharovNovikov1993-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-SharovNovikov1993_33-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFSharovNovikov1993" class="citation book cs1">Sharov, Aleksandr Sergeevich; Novikov, Igor Dmitrievich (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ttEwkEdPc70C&pg=PA34"><i>Edwin Hubble, the discoverer of the Big Bang universe</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 34. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%86%DA%93%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="د کتاب نړيوال ستندرد شمېره (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%B3%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86%DB%90/978-0-521-41617-7" class="new" title="ځانگړی:کتاب سرچينې/978-0-521-41617-7 (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)"><bdi>978-0-521-41617-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">December 31,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edwin+Hubble%2C+the+discoverer+of+the+Big+Bang+universe&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-521-41617-7&rft.aulast=Sharov&rft.aufirst=Aleksandr+Sergeevich&rft.au=Novikov%2C+Igor+Dmitrievich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DttEwkEdPc70C%26pg%3DPA34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%DA%89%D9%88%D9%86+%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%84" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MB2-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-MB2_34-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFMarcia_Bartusiak2010" class="citation book cs1">Marcia Bartusiak (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7XojzXh4_KEC&q=The+Day+We+Found+the+Universe"><i>The Day We Found the Universe</i></a>. Random House Digital, Inc. pp. x–xi. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%86%DA%93%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="د کتاب نړيوال ستندرد شمېره (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%B3%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86%DB%90/9780307276605" class="new" title="ځانگړی:کتاب سرچينې/9780307276605 (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)"><bdi>9780307276605</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Day+We+Found+the+Universe&rft.pages=x-xi&rft.pub=Random+House+Digital%2C+Inc&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780307276605&rft.au=Marcia+Bartusiak&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7XojzXh4_KEC%26q%3DThe%2BDay%2BWe%2BFound%2Bthe%2BUniverse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%DA%89%D9%88%D9%86+%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%84" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFHubble1929" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_Hubble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edwin Hubble (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Hubble, E. P.</a> (1929). "A spiral nebula as a stellar system, Messier 31". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Astrophysical_Journal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Astrophysical Journal (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">The Astrophysical Journal</a></i>. <b>69</b>: 103. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="بيبکوډ (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1929ApJ....69..103H">1929ApJ....69..103H</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%85%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90%DA%9A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D9%86%DA%9A%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="څيز برېښنايي نښه (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F143167">10.1086/143167</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Astrophysical+Journal&rft.atitle=A+spiral+nebula+as+a+stellar+system%2C+Messier+31&rft.volume=69&rft.pages=103&rft.date=1929&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F143167&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1929ApJ....69..103H&rft.aulast=Hubble&rft.aufirst=E.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%DA%89%D9%88%D9%86+%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%84" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=اډون_هبل&oldid=335122">https://ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=اډون_هبل&oldid=335122</a>" نه اخيستل شوی</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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