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</div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">National Association of the Deaf (United States)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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المتحدة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Association_of_the_Deaf" title="National Association of the Deaf – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="National Association of the Deaf" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Association_of_the_Deaf" title="National Association of the Deaf – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="National Association of the Deaf" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=National_Association_of_the_Deaf_(United_States)&params=38.9978611_N_77.0310896_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°59′52″N</span> <span class="longitude">77°01′52″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.9978611°N 77.0310896°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.9978611; -77.0310896</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">U.S. nonprofit organization</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">National Association of the Deaf</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><div style="background-color:#086797"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Association_of_the_Deaf_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/National_Association_of_the_Deaf_logo.png/220px-National_Association_of_the_Deaf_logo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/National_Association_of_the_Deaf_logo.png/330px-National_Association_of_the_Deaf_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/National_Association_of_the_Deaf_logo.png/440px-National_Association_of_the_Deaf_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="1234" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data note">August 25, 1880<span class="noprint">; 144 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1880-08-25</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nonprofit_organization" title="Nonprofit organization">Nonprofit organization</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Taxpayer_Identification_Number" title="Taxpayer Identification Number">Tax ID no.</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">94-1358295<sup id="cite_ref-990-2023_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-990-2023-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Legal status</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/501(c)(3)" class="mw-redirect" title="501(c)(3)">501(c)(3)</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Focus</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Deaf" class="mw-redirect" title="Deaf">Deaf</a> issues, promote <a href="/wiki/Accessibility#Disabilities" title="Accessibility">equal accessibility</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/MOS:BROKENSECTIONLINKS" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:BROKENSECTIONLINKS"><span title="Anchor "Accessibility#Disabilities" links to a specific web page: "Disabilities". The anchor (Disabilities) has been deleted. (2024-06-04)">broken anchor</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Spring,_Maryland" title="Silver Spring, Maryland">Silver Spring, Maryland</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=National_Association_of_the_Deaf_(United_States)&params=38.9978611_N_77.0310896_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°59′52″N</span> <span class="longitude">77°01′52″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.9978611°N 77.0310896°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.9978611; -77.0310896</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served </div></th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/President_(corporate_title)" title="President (corporate title)">President</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">Lisa Rose<sup id="cite_ref-board_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-board-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">Bobbie Beth Scoggins (interim)<sup id="cite_ref-staff_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-staff-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data">$4,485,930<sup id="cite_ref-990-2023_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-990-2023-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Expenses</th><td class="infobox-data">$4,933,975<sup id="cite_ref-990-2023_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-990-2023-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><a href="/wiki/Financial_endowment" title="Financial endowment">Endowment</a></th><td class="infobox-data">$290,573 <sub>(2021)</sub><sup id="cite_ref-990-2023_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-990-2023-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Employees</th><td class="infobox-data">28<sup id="cite_ref-990-2023_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-990-2023-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Volunteers</th><td class="infobox-data">25<sup id="cite_ref-990-2023_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-990-2023-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nad.org/">nad.org</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Formerly called</div></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">National Association of Deaf Mutes<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>National Association of the Deaf</b> (<b>NAD</b>) is an organization for the promotion of the rights of deaf people in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. NAD was founded in <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a>, Ohio, in 1880 as a <a href="/wiki/Non-profit_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-profit organization">non-profit organization</a> run by <a href="/wiki/Deaf_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Deaf people">Deaf people</a> to advocate for deaf rights, its first president being Robert P. McGregor of Ohio. It includes associations from all 50 states and <a href="/wiki/Washington,_DC" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington, DC">Washington, DC</a>, and is the US member of the <a href="/wiki/World_Federation_of_the_Deaf" title="World Federation of the Deaf">World Federation of the Deaf</a>, which has over 120 national associations of Deaf people as members. It has its headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Silver_Spring,_Maryland" title="Silver Spring, Maryland">Silver Spring, Maryland</a>. </p><p>All of its presidents were late-deafened until 1980; Gertrude "Gertie" Galloway was the first President who was born Deaf (and she was also the first female President). NAD previously hosted the Miss Deaf America Ambassador Program (MDAAP) as well as the Youth Ambassador programs, both of which have been discontinued. The association holds biennial conventions. It has advocated for deaf rights in all aspects of life, from public transportation to education. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mission_statement">Mission statement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_the_Deaf_(United_States)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Mission statement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The mission of the National Association of the Deaf is "to preserve, protect and promote the civil, human and linguistic rights of deaf and hard of hearing people in the United States of America."<sup id="cite_ref-nad._Abou_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nad._Abou-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While it works for Deaf people, it also works to promote knowledge about the rights, culture, and language of Deaf people to hearing people. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Activities">Activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_the_Deaf_(United_States)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The NAD advocates for any issues that are associated with deaf rights. Early on, it worked to preserve <a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">sign language</a>, especially under <a href="/wiki/George_Veditz" title="George Veditz">George Veditz</a>. During his time as president, Veditz and other members of the NAD used the new film technology to capture individuals signing so that their language would never be lost. </p><p>Although African-Americans were not permitted to be members until later, starting in the early 20th century, the NAD advocated for <a href="/wiki/Vocational_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Vocational training">vocational training</a> for the "Colored Deaf" population. Because of the lack of rights afforded to blacks in NAD, several groups were formed, included <a href="/wiki/National_Black_Deaf_Advocates" title="National Black Deaf Advocates">National Black Deaf Advocates</a>. </p><p>The NAD has also fought to keep deaf teachers teaching deaf students and for the opening of deaf residential schools across the country. </p><p>In 1909, President <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a> signed a law allowing deaf individuals to take civil service exams only after the NAD fought to have this as a law. </p><p>NAD was a strong advocate for having captioned films and, in 1958, President <a href="/wiki/Dwight_Eisenhower" class="mw-redirect" title="Dwight Eisenhower">Dwight Eisenhower</a> signed a law requiring films to be captioned. </p><p>The NAD supported the students and faculty of <a href="/wiki/Gallaudet_University" title="Gallaudet University">Gallaudet University</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Deaf_President_Now" title="Deaf President Now">Deaf President Now</a> protests of 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Americans_with_Disabilities_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Americans with Disabilities Act">Americans with Disabilities Act</a> (ADA) of 1990 was also fought for by the NAD. Most recently, the NAD has advocated for professional sports stadiums to provide captioning for the referees calls and for announcers' comments. The association has worked to require insurance companies to have deaf people as clients and for landlords to have deaf tenants. Hotels are now required to provide "deaf-friendly" alarm clocks and smoke detectors because of the NAD's persistence in the matter. </p><p>The NAD fights for the right of deaf individuals to be able to use <a href="/wiki/American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">American Sign Language</a> and to be provided an interpreter.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NAD website gives information on the rights of deaf individuals have and how to go about gaining them. </p><p>The biennial NAD conference includes awarding of various awards.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Complaint_with_University_of_California,_Berkeley"><span id="Complaint_with_University_of_California.2C_Berkeley"></span>Complaint with University of California, Berkeley</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_the_Deaf_(United_States)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Complaint with University of California, Berkeley"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2014, NAD filed a complaint with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice_Civil_Rights_Division" title="United States Department of Justice Civil Rights Division">United States Department of Justice Civil Rights Division</a> alleging that thousands of lectures and other course content that had been made freely available via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> and <a href="/wiki/ITunes" title="ITunes">iTunes</a> by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a> violated the <a href="/wiki/Americans_with_Disabilities_Act_of_1990" title="Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990">Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990</a> because numerous lectures in the university's <a href="/wiki/Massive_open_online_course" title="Massive open online course">Massive open online course</a> program featured automatically generated captions, which contained inaccuracies. In 2016, the Department of Justice concluded that the content would violate the ADA unless it was updated to conform to the current <a href="/wiki/Web_Content_Accessibility_Guidelines" title="Web Content Accessibility Guidelines">Web Content Accessibility Guidelines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response, a university spokesperson stated that the costs of "captioning alone would exceed a million dollars" and that the university would comply with the DOJ order by removing all of the content from public access.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Milestones">Milestones</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_the_Deaf_(United_States)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Milestones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1896: The first woman (Julia Foley) was elected to the board of the NAD.<sup id="cite_ref-nad.org_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nad.org-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1960: The Junior NAD was established.<sup id="cite_ref-nad.org_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nad.org-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1964: Women members of the NAD were first allowed to vote.<sup id="cite_ref-nad.org_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nad.org-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1965: Black members were first accepted into the NAD.<sup id="cite_ref-nad.org_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nad.org-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1972: The first Miss Deaf America Pageant (called the Miss Deaf America Talent Pageant until 1976)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was held during the NAD Convention in <a href="/wiki/Miami_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Miami Beach">Miami Beach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>; the winner was Ann Billington.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1980: <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Scott_Galloway" title="Gertrude Scott Galloway">Gertrude Galloway</a> became the first female president of the NAD.<sup id="cite_ref-nad.org_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nad.org-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="State_associations">State associations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_the_Deaf_(United_States)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: State associations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>State associations are affiliated with but independent of the NAD. All 50 states and Washington, DC, have state associations, many of which provide a dual membership with the NAD. Some state associations receive their bylaws from the NAD. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_the_Deaf_(United_States)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Americans_with_Disabilities_Act_of_1990" title="Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990">Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehabilitation_Act_of_1973#Section_504" title="Rehabilitation Act of 1973">Rehabilitation Act of 1973#Section 504</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accessibility#Disabilities" title="Accessibility">Disability subsection on Accessibility</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/MOS:BROKENSECTIONLINKS" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:BROKENSECTIONLINKS"><span title="Anchor "Accessibility#Disabilities" links to a specific web page: "Disabilities". The anchor (Disabilities) has been deleted. (2024-06-04)">broken anchor</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deaf_culture" title="Deaf culture">Deaf culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deaf_history" title="Deaf history">Deaf history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_disability_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Timeline of disability rights in the United States">Timeline of disability rights in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_disability_rights_outside_the_United_States" title="Timeline of disability rights outside the United States">Timeline of disability rights outside the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Clerc_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="Laurent Clerc Awards">Laurent Clerc Awards</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_the_Deaf_(United_States)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://egov.maryland.gov/BusinessExpress/EntitySearch/Business">National Association of the Deaf, Inc.: D19614759</a>". <i>Maryland Business Express</i>. Retrieved September 25, 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-990-2023-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-990-2023_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-990-2023_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-990-2023_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-990-2023_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-990-2023_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-990-2023_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-990-2023_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.irs.gov/pub/epostcard/cor/941358295_202103_990_2022011319469784.pdf">Form 990: Return of Organization Exempt from Income Tax</a>". <i>National Organization of the Deaf</i>. <a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Service" title="Internal Revenue Service">Internal Revenue Service</a>. March 31, 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.irs.gov/app/eos/details/">National Association of the Deaf</a>". <i>Tax Exempt Organization Search</i>. <a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Service" title="Internal Revenue Service">Internal Revenue Service</a>. Retrieved September 25, 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-board-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-board_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nad.org/about-us/board/">NAD Board Members</a>". <i>National Association of the Deaf</i>. Retrieved December 2, 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-staff-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-staff_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nad.org/about-us/team/">NAD Team Members</a>". <i>National Association of the Deaf</i>. Retrieved December 2, 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/50399177/">National Association of Deaf Mutes</a>". <i> The Brooklyn Daily Eagle</i> (Brooklyn, New York). August 28, 1883. p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nad._Abou-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nad._Abou_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nad.org/about-us/">"About Us"</a>. National Association of the Deaf<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-03-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Us&rft.pub=National+Association+of+the+Deaf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nad.org%2Fabout-us%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Association+of+the+Deaf+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/378160417/">Gallaudet picks president who hears, and hundreds of deaf students protest</a>". <i>Associated Press</i>. The Baltimore Sun (Baltimore, Maryland). p. 3D.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown, Nan (May 5, 1985). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/288674481/">Deaf Awareness Week to be observed locally</a>". <i>The Daily News Leader</i> (Staunton, Virginia). p. A14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nad.org/louisville/recognition-awards">"Recognition Awards"</a>. <i>Nad.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nad.org&rft.atitle=Recognition+Awards&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnad.org%2Flouisville%2Frecognition-awards&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Association+of+the+Deaf+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJustice_Department2016" class="citation web cs1">Justice Department (August 30, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/2016-08-30-UC-Berkeley-LOF.pdf">"Letter from Justice Department to Chancellor Dirks, Mr. Patti, and Mr. Robinson"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Berkeley University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916035315/https://news.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/2016-08-30-UC-Berkeley-LOF.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2018-09-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Letter+from+Justice+Department+to+Chancellor+Dirks%2C+Mr.+Patti%2C+and+Mr.+Robinson&rft.pub=Berkeley+University&rft.date=2016-08-30&rft.au=Justice+Department&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.berkeley.edu%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F09%2F2016-08-30-UC-Berkeley-LOF.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Association+of+the+Deaf+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTom_Lochner2017" class="citation web cs1">Tom Lochner (March 3, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180225205947/https://www.mercurynews.com/2017/03/03/uc-berkeley-to-restrict-access-to-classroom-lecture-videos-and-podcasts/">"UC Berkeley to Restrict Access to Classroom Lecture and Videos Podcasts"</a>. <i>Mercury News</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mercurynews.com/2017/03/03/uc-berkeley-to-restrict-access-to-classroom-lecture-videos-and-podcasts/">the original</a> on 2018-02-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mercury+News&rft.atitle=UC+Berkeley+to+Restrict+Access+to+Classroom+Lecture+and+Videos+Podcasts&rft.date=2017-03-03&rft.au=Tom+Lochner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercurynews.com%2F2017%2F03%2F03%2Fuc-berkeley-to-restrict-access-to-classroom-lecture-videos-and-podcasts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Association+of+the+Deaf+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nad.org-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nad.org_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nad.org_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nad.org_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nad.org_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nad.org_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nad.org/about-us/nad-history/">"NAD History"</a>. <i>National Association of the Deaf</i>. 15 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Association+of+the+Deaf&rft.atitle=NAD+History&rft.date=2017-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nad.org%2Fabout-us%2Fnad-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Association+of+the+Deaf+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/282569357/">Shawnelle Hardman to compete in national pageant</a>". <i>The Springville Herald</i> (Springville, Utah). June 29, 2006. p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gupress.gallaudet.edu/excerpts/WADthree5.html">"Women and Deafness"</a>. <i>Gupress.gallaudet.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gupress.gallaudet.edu&rft.atitle=Women+and+Deafness&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgupress.gallaudet.edu%2Fexcerpts%2FWADthree5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Association+of+the+Deaf+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lifeprint.com/asl101/topics/missdeafamericapageant.htm">"Miss Deaf America Pageant"</a>. <i>Lifeprint.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lifeprint.com&rft.atitle=Miss+Deaf+America+Pageant&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lifeprint.com%2Fasl101%2Ftopics%2Fmissdeafamericapageant.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Association+of+the+Deaf+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_sources">Other sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_the_Deaf_(United_States)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080202170549/http://archives.gallaudet.edu/Timeline.htm">Gallaudet University Archives, Timeline: Gallaudet University and the Deaf Community</a></li> <li>Dunn, Lindsay Moeletsi. Edited by Mervin D. Garretson. "Education, Culture and Community: The Black Deaf Experience." A Deaf American Monograph 45 (1995): 37–41.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_the_Deaf_(United_States)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nad.org/">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncihc.org/">National Council for Interpreting in Health Care (United States)</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100905052031/http://www.wfdeaf.org/members.aspx">A complete list of WFD members containing over 120 national associations of deaf people</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div 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movement</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Topics<br /> and events<br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_International_Congress_on_Education_of_the_Deaf" title="Second International Congress on Education of the Deaf">Second International Congress on Education of the Deaf</a>/The Milan Conference (1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehabilitation_Act_of_1973" title="Rehabilitation Act of 1973">Rehabilitation Act of 1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_for_All_Handicapped_Children_Act" title="Education for All Handicapped Children Act">Education for All Handicapped Children Act</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deaf_President_Now" title="Deaf President Now">Deaf President Now</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americans_with_Disabilities_Act_of_1990" title="Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990">Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Rights_of_Persons_with_Disabilities" title="Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities">Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities</a> (2008)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Activists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_R._Newman" title="Lawrence R. Newman">Lawrence R. Newman</a> (b. 1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Miner_Gallaudet" title="Edward Miner Gallaudet">Edward Miner Gallaudet</a> (b. 1837)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Miles" title="Dorothy Miles">Dorothy Miles</a> (b. 1931)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Activist<br /> groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Association_for_Deaf_people" title="Royal Association for Deaf people">Royal Association for Deaf people</a> (est. 1841)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Association of the Deaf (United States)</a> (est. 1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Association_of_the_Deaf_and_Hard_of_Hearing" title="Hungarian Association of the Deaf and Hard of Hearing">Hungarian Association of the Deaf and Hard of Hearing</a> (est. 1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_on_Hearing_Loss" class="mw-redirect" title="Action on Hearing Loss">The Royal National Institute for Deaf people (RNID)</a> (est. 1911, UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_National_Agency_for_the_Deaf" title="Italian National Agency for the Deaf">Italian National Agency for the Deaf</a> (est. 1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Society_of_the_Deaf" title="Ukrainian Society of the Deaf">Ukrainian Society of the Deaf</a> (est. 1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Association_of_the_Deaf" title="Canadian Association of the Deaf">Canadian Association of the Deaf</a> (est. 1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmonton_Association_of_the_Deaf" title="Edmonton Association of the Deaf">Edmonton Association of the Deaf</a> (est. 1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Hard_of_Hearing_Young_People" title="International Federation of Hard of Hearing Young People">International Federation of Hard of Hearing Young People</a> (est. 1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Hard_of_Hearing_People" title="International Federation of Hard of Hearing People">International Federation of Hard of Hearing People</a> (est. 1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Black_Deaf_Advocates" title="National Black Deaf Advocates">National Black Deaf Advocates</a> (est. 1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_of_the_Deaf" title="European Union of the Deaf">European Union of the Deaf</a> (est. 1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Association_of_the_Deaf" title="Pakistan Association of the Deaf">Pakistan Association of the Deaf</a> (est. 1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_Deaf_Youth" title="Action Deaf Youth">Action Deaf Youth</a> (est. 1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comitato_Giovani_Sordi_Italiani" title="Comitato Giovani Sordi Italiani">Comitato Giovani Sordi Italiani</a> (est. 1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Deaf_Federation_Nepal" title="National Deaf Federation Nepal">National Deaf Federation Nepal</a> (est. 1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_the_Deaf_(India)" title="National Association of the Deaf (India)">National Association of the Deaf (India)</a> (est. 2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Qatari_Center_of_Social_Cultural_for_the_Deaf" title="The Qatari Center of Social Cultural for the Deaf">The Qatari Center of Social Cultural for the Deaf</a> (est. 2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_des_sourds_et_malentendants_socialistes" title="Section des sourds et malentendants socialistes">Section des sourds et malentendants socialistes</a> (est. 2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Deaf<br /> institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_for_the_deaf" title="List of schools for the deaf">List of schools for the deaf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6970805#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata762" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6970805#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata762" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6970805#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000405207334">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/134791054">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50065505">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007605450905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/204704766">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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