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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Scientology" title="Category:Scientology">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Scientology" title="Scientology">Scientology</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scientology" title="PAC Base, Los Angeles"><img alt="PAC Base, Los Angeles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Church_of_Scientology_building_in_Los_Angeles%2C_Fountain_Avenue.jpg/110px-Church_of_Scientology_building_in_Los_Angeles%2C_Fountain_Avenue.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Church_of_Scientology_building_in_Los_Angeles%2C_Fountain_Avenue.jpg/165px-Church_of_Scientology_building_in_Los_Angeles%2C_Fountain_Avenue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Church_of_Scientology_building_in_Los_Angeles%2C_Fountain_Avenue.jpg/220px-Church_of_Scientology_building_in_Los_Angeles%2C_Fountain_Avenue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="714" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#CEE0F2; color:black;"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li>General</li></ul></div></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scientology" title="Scientology">Scientology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dianetics" title="Dianetics">Dianetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Scientology" title="Timeline of Scientology">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Dianetics_and_Scientology" title="History of Dianetics and Scientology">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Ron_Hubbard" title="L. Ron Hubbard">L. Ron Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Scientology" title="Bibliography of Scientology">Publications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Scientology" title="Glossary of Scientology">Glossary</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#CEE0F2; color:black;"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scientology_beliefs_and_practices" title="Scientology beliefs and practices">Beliefs and practices</a></li></ul></div></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thetan" title="Thetan">Thetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auditing_(Scientology)" title="Auditing (Scientology)">Auditing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bridge_to_Total_Freedom" title="The Bridge to Total Freedom">Bridge to Total Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operating_Thetan" title="Operating Thetan">OT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenu" title="Xenu">Xenu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology_ethics_and_justice" title="Scientology ethics and justice">Ethics and justice</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#CEE0F2; color:black;"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scientology" title="Church of Scientology">Church of Scientology</a></li></ul></div></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scientology_officials" title="Scientology officials">Officials and staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Org" title="Sea Org">Sea Org</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Miscavige" title="David Miscavige">David Miscavige</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#CEE0F2; color:black;"> <a href="/wiki/Scientology_controversies" title="Scientology controversies">Controversies</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scientology_and_law" title="Scientology and law">Litigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology_status_by_country" title="Scientology status by country">Status by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suppressive_person" title="Suppressive person">Suppressive person</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disconnection_(Scientology)" title="Disconnection (Scientology)">Disconnection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_game_(Scientology)" title="Fair game (Scientology)">Fair game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehabilitation_Project_Force" title="Rehabilitation Project Force">RPF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hole_(Scientology)" title="The Hole (Scientology)">The Hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Special_Affairs" title="Office of Special Affairs">Office of Special Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Guardian%27s_Office_operations" title="List of Guardian's Office operations">Guardian's Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology_and_psychiatry" title="Scientology and psychiatry">War on psychiatry</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <a href="/wiki/Category:Scientology" title="Category:Scientology">More</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The intersection of <b>Scientology and abortion</b> has a controversial history which began with Scientology founder <a href="/wiki/L._Ron_Hubbard" title="L. Ron Hubbard">L. Ron Hubbard</a>'s discussion of abortion in his 1950 book <i><a href="/wiki/Dianetics:_The_Modern_Science_of_Mental_Health" title="Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health">Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health</a></i>. Hubbard wrote in <i>Dianetics</i> that abortion and attempts at abortion could cause trauma to the <a href="/wiki/Fetus" title="Fetus">fetus</a> and to the mother in both spiritual and physical ways. Scientologists came to believe that attempted abortions could cause traumatic experiences felt by the fetus, which would later be remembered as memories referred to in Scientology as "<a href="/wiki/Engram_(Dianetics)" title="Engram (Dianetics)">engrams</a>". In the Scientology technique called <a href="/wiki/Auditing_(Scientology)" title="Auditing (Scientology)">Auditing</a>, Scientologists are frequently queried regarding their sexual feelings and behaviors. These questions about Scientologists' sexual behavior are often posed to members during "security checks", a specific form of auditing sessions where individuals are required to document their divergence from the organization's ethics. One of the questions asked in these security checks is, "Have you ever been involved in an abortion?". </p><p>A female former member of Scientology's elite organization called the <a href="/wiki/Sea_Org" title="Sea Org">Sea Org</a> discussed the views of Scientology concerning abortion with <a href="/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology">sociologist</a> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Kent" title="Stephen A. Kent">Stephen A. Kent</a>. She told Kent that while the Sea Org operated at sea during the mid-1970s, women understood that they were not to have children. She stated to Kent that women on the ships were pressured into having abortions. In 1994, former Scientologist and Sea Org member Mary Tabayoyon filed a legal declaration in which she said that while at Scientology's base in <a href="/wiki/Hemet,_California" title="Hemet, California">Hemet, California</a>, members of the Sea Org were instructed not to have children, and were coerced to have abortions. In 1999, former Scientologist Jesse Prince told <i><a href="/wiki/The_Press-Enterprise_(California)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Press-Enterprise (California)">The Press-Enterprise</a></i> that after his wife Monika became pregnant while both were working at the Scientology complex <a href="/wiki/Golden_Era_Productions" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Era Productions">Golden Era Productions</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gilman_Hot_Springs,_California" title="Gilman Hot Springs, California">Gilman Hot Springs, California</a>, she was ordered to have an abortion in order for the couple to remain in the Sea Org. Scientology representatives at the time asserted that Prince's wife chose of her own volition to have an abortion, and was not forced to do so. </p><p>In 2001, former Scientologist <a href="/wiki/Astra_Woodcraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Astra Woodcraft">Astra Woodcraft</a> told the <i><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle" title="San Francisco Chronicle">San Francisco Chronicle</a></i> that if a woman gets pregnant while in the Sea Org, she will either be sent to a lower-level organization of Scientology, or be pressured to have an abortion. In April 2008, Woodcraft appeared along with Scientology leader <a href="/wiki/David_Miscavige" title="David Miscavige">David Miscavige</a>'s niece <a href="/wiki/Jenna_Miscavige_Hill" title="Jenna Miscavige Hill">Jenna Miscavige Hill</a> on the <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a> program <i><a href="/wiki/Nightline_(U.S._news_program)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nightline (U.S. news program)">Nightline</a></i>, and both asserted that Sea Org members who become pregnant are told to either leave or get an abortion. <a href="/wiki/Claire_Headley" class="mw-redirect" title="Claire Headley">Claire Headley</a> was an employee at Scientology's facility <a href="/wiki/Golden_Era_Productions" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Era Productions">Golden Era Productions</a> from 1991 to 2005 and a Scientologist and Sea Org member. In 2009, she filed a lawsuit against Golden Era Productions in which she asserted she was forced to undergo two abortions in order to keep her position with her employer.<sup id="cite_ref-reitman-bk_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reitman-bk-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scientology representative <a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Davis" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas W. Davis">Tommy Davis</a> described her lawsuit as "utterly meritless", and said that Scientologists who sign up for the Sea Org know that they are "becoming a part of a highly dedicated, highly disciplined, very regulated lifestyle as part of a religious order". Laura DeCrescenzo filed a lawsuit in 2009 against Scientology, in which she asserted that she was forced to have an abortion at age 17. </p><p>In commentary on Scientology and practices in the Sea Org, new religious movements scholar <a href="/wiki/J._Gordon_Melton" title="J. Gordon Melton">J. Gordon Melton</a> told the <i>San Francisco Chronicle</i> that members of the Sea Org are discouraged from having children. Melton wrote in a contribution in the book <i>New Religious Movements and Religious Liberty in America</i> that he had yet to see documents confirming whether Scientology had a policy demanding that pregnant members of the Sea Org get an abortion. In an article for the <i><a href="/wiki/Marburg_Journal_of_Religion" title="Marburg Journal of Religion">Marburg Journal of Religion</a></i>, Stephen A. Kent wrote that "researchers should not be surprised to learn of pressures that Sea Org women felt to either abort pregnancies or give-up children for adoption". Kent commented, "Sea Org obligations override many personal and family obligations and responsibilities, and devotion to the Scientology cause often appears to take priority over the needs of children." </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="L._Ron_Hubbard's_views"><span id="L._Ron_Hubbard.27s_views"></span>L. Ron Hubbard's views</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ; color: #202122;background-color: #c6dbf7;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>"The child on whom the abortion is attempted is condemned to live with <i>murderers</i>..." </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="right-aligned" style=""> —<a href="/wiki/L._Ron_Hubbard" title="L. Ron Hubbard">L. Ron Hubbard</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Dianetics:_The_Modern_Science_of_Mental_Health" title="Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health">Dianetics</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-hubbard_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hubbard-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div> </div> <p>Scientology founder <a href="/wiki/L._Ron_Hubbard" title="L. Ron Hubbard">L. Ron Hubbard</a> wrote in <i><a href="/wiki/Dianetics:_The_Modern_Science_of_Mental_Health" title="Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health">Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health</a></i> that abortion and attempts at abortion could cause trauma to the fetus and to the mother in both spiritual and physical ways.<sup id="cite_ref-town_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-town-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Petersburg Times">St. Petersburg Times</a></i> reported on how Hubbard's views from <i>Dianetics</i> affect Scientology practitioners, "Abortion is therefore rare among Scientologists, recognizing that even the fetus may have already been occupied by a spiritual being. In some instances, abortion might be chosen of health concerns of the mother or other personal factors."<sup id="cite_ref-town_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-town-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hubbard asserted, "It is a scientific fact that abortion attempts are the most important factor in aberration", and stated "Attempted abortion is very common. ... Twenty or thirty abortion attempts are not uncommon in the aberree."<sup id="cite_ref-atack_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atack-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He believed that attempted abortions led to <a href="/wiki/Peptic_ulcer" class="mw-redirect" title="Peptic ulcer">ulcers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-atack_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atack-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hubbard wrote in <i>Dianetics</i>, "The child on whom the abortion is attempted is condemned to live with <i>murderers</i> whom he reactively knows to be murderers through all this weak and helpless youth!".<sup id="cite_ref-hubbard_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hubbard-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He asserted: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>A large proportion of allegedly feeble-minded children are actually attempted abortion cases, whose engrams place them in fear paralysis or regressive palsy and which command them not to grow but to be where they are forever. However many billions America spends yearly on institutions for the insane and jails for the criminals are spent primarily because of attempted abortions done by some sex-blocked mother to whom children are a curse, not a blessing of God.<sup id="cite_ref-hubbard_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hubbard-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-malko_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-malko-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In a 1950 article in <i>Look</i> magazine, Albert Q. Maisel wrote, "Unlike many religious groups, the proponents of dianetics have nothing against birth control. But the greatest of all crimes and the root of most evils, as they see it, is the attempt—or even just the verbal wish—to cause the abortion of a child already conceived. They object here, not so much on moral grounds, as because such attempts—or such wishes and thoughts—load down the time track with the basic-basic demon engram.<sup id="cite_ref-maisel_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maisel-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his 1951 book <i><a href="/wiki/Science_of_Survival" title="Science of Survival">Science of Survival</a></i>, Hubbard wrote that a mother who reached a status of 1.1 ("Covert hostility") on the "<a href="/wiki/Emotional_tone_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Emotional tone scale">tone scale</a>" listed in the book would "attempt the abortion of her child", and that any woman who attempted an abortion would occupy this level or below.<sup id="cite_ref-scienceofsurvival_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scienceofsurvival-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such a woman, he wrote, "can be expected to be unreliable, inconstant and promiscuous; and the child is looked upon as evidence of this promiscuity."<sup id="cite_ref-scienceofsurvival_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scienceofsurvival-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <i>The World's Religions: The Study of Religion, Traditional and New Religion</i>, "early Dianetics enthusiasts believed that attempted abortion of the fetus by its mother caused "traumatic experiences in intra-uterine life".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stephen J. Hunt noted in <i>Alternative Religions</i> that Scientologists believe certain events in one's life may trigger a memory referred to in Scientology as an "engram".<sup id="cite_ref-hunt_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hunt-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hunt wrote, "The engram may be triggered by association of events and objects. Although the conscious mind will eventually forget an incident, the reactive mind stores every detail. According to Hubbard, some of the most powerful engrams are constructed while still in the womb. The unborn child hears the angry words of parents caught up in marital disputes or perhaps talk of abortion.<sup id="cite_ref-hunt_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hunt-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scientology_practice">Scientology practice</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Auditing">Auditing</h3></div> <p>In the Scientology technique called <a href="/wiki/Auditing_(Scientology)" title="Auditing (Scientology)">Auditing</a>, Scientologists are frequently queried regarding their sexual feelings and behaviors.<sup id="cite_ref-reitman_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reitman-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These questions about Scientologists' sexual behavior are often posed to members during "<a href="/wiki/List_of_Scientology_security_checks" title="List of Scientology security checks">security checks</a>", a specific form of auditing sessions where individuals are required to document their divergence from the organization's ethics.<sup id="cite_ref-reitman_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reitman-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scientologists on the spiritual pathway known as "<a href="/wiki/The_Bridge_to_Total_Freedom" title="The Bridge to Total Freedom">The Bridge to Total Freedom</a>" are given security checks, and those of the level called <a href="/wiki/Operating_Thetan" title="Operating Thetan">Operating Thetan</a> receive these checks once every six months.<sup id="cite_ref-reitman_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reitman-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Scientology_officials" title="Scientology officials">Scientology officials</a> explained that the security checks are given "to make sure they're using the tech correctly".<sup id="cite_ref-reitman_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reitman-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the sexual questions asked in the Scientology security checks include, "Have you ever practiced sex with animals?", "Have you ever practiced sodomy?", "Have you ever slept with a member of a race of another color?", and "Have you ever been involved in an abortion?".<sup id="cite_ref-reitman_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reitman-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sea_Org">Sea Org</h3></div> <p>In a 1987 interview with <a href="/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology">sociologist</a> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Kent" title="Stephen A. Kent">Stephen A. Kent</a>, a former member of Scientology's elite organization called the <a href="/wiki/Sea_Org" title="Sea Org">Sea Org</a> discussed the views of Scientology with regard to abortion in the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-kent_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kent-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the mid-1970s, the Sea Org operated on vessels at sea.<sup id="cite_ref-kent_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kent-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Women understood that it was not permitted to raise children on board the ships.<sup id="cite_ref-kent_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kent-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to woman interviewed by Kent, these women on board the Sea Org ships were pressured to undergo abortions.<sup id="cite_ref-kent_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kent-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "On the ship, I know of a lot of people that had abortions, because they didn't want to leave the ship. It wasn't like anybody said 'You have got to get an abortion.' It was more an implied thing. If you don't you're going to leave," said the woman to Kent.<sup id="cite_ref-kent_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kent-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mary Tabayoyon joined Scientology in 1967 and became a member of the Sea Org in 1971, later leaving Scientology in 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-kent_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kent-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tabayoyon filed a legal declaration on August 26, 1994 in the case <i>Church of Scientology International vs. Steven Fishman and Uwe Geertz</i>, describing Scientology's practices on having children in the Sea Org.<sup id="cite_ref-kent_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kent-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She said that while at Scientology's base in <a href="/wiki/Hemet,_California" title="Hemet, California">Hemet, California</a>, "members of the Sea Org were forbidden to have any more children if they were to stay on post[,] and the Hubbard technology was applied to coercively persuade us to have abortions so that we could remain on post".<sup id="cite_ref-kent_12-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kent-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Tabayoyon this pressure was exerted during a Scientology procedure known as "ethics handling", where individuals were instructed to go along with L. Ron Hubbard's policies as well as those of Scientology.<sup id="cite_ref-kent_12-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kent-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tabayoyon said "[I] gave up my child due to my greatly misguided obligation and dedication to the Sea Org".<sup id="cite_ref-kent_12-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kent-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She stated she made the decision to give up her child because she was "indoctrinated to believe that I should never put my own personal desires ahead of the accomplishment of the purpose of the Sea Org".<sup id="cite_ref-kent_12-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kent-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1999, former Scientologist Jesse Prince told <i><a href="/wiki/The_Press-Enterprise_(California)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Press-Enterprise (California)">The Press-Enterprise</a></i> that after his wife Monika became pregnant while both were working at the Scientology complex <a href="/wiki/Golden_Era_Productions" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Era Productions">Golden Era Productions</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gilman_Hot_Springs,_California" title="Gilman Hot Springs, California">Gilman Hot Springs, California</a>, she was ordered to have an abortion in order for the couple to remain in the Sea Org.<sup id="cite_ref-exchurchmemberfights_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exchurchmemberfights-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "The order devastated both my wife and me. Our dedication as Sea Org members clashed violently with our intentions as parents and we went through a personal nightmare," said Prince in an <a href="/wiki/Affidavit" title="Affidavit">affidavit</a> filed in a legal case in <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-exchurchmemberfights_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exchurchmemberfights-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scientology representatives at the time asserted that Prince's wife chose of her own volition to have an abortion, and was not forced to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-exchurchmemberfights_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exchurchmemberfights-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prince said that his wife was never the same after her abortion, and decided she wanted to leave Scientology.<sup id="cite_ref-exchurchmemberfights_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exchurchmemberfights-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The couple left Scientology in 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-exchurchmemberfights_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exchurchmemberfights-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Golden Era Productions general manager Ken Hoden told <i>The Press-Enterprise</i> that per Scientology policy, employees are not allowed to work at the <a href="/wiki/Gold_Base" title="Gold Base">Gilman Hot Springs facility</a> if they have children under six years of age because the difficult work schedule would not permit the parents to spend sufficient time with their children.<sup id="cite_ref-exchurchmemberfights_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exchurchmemberfights-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "We don't think it's right for parents to spend time away from their kids. Every person that says they have been coerced are saying it for another reason. Nobody is coerced into doing anything in the Church of Scientology. The purpose of Scientology is to increase a person's self-determinism," said Hoden.<sup id="cite_ref-exchurchmemberfights_13-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exchurchmemberfights-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The director of public affairs for the Church of Scientology International, Aron Mason, said Prince's statements were motivated by financial reasons, and stated to <i>The Press-Enterprise</i>, "He is only existing because he gets paid to say the party line for people who are anti-Scientologists."<sup id="cite_ref-exchurchmemberfights_13-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exchurchmemberfights-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Betty Hardin, a former worker in the finance department at Golden Era Productions, has described routinely driving pregnant women to the <a href="/wiki/Planned_Parenthood" title="Planned Parenthood">Planned Parenthood</a> center in <a href="/wiki/Riverside,_California" title="Riverside, California">Riverside, California</a>, to obtain abortions and follow-up treatment.<sup id="cite_ref-voltz_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-voltz-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Hardin, she eventually got out of being the driver for the "abortion run" because the anti-abortion activists who often picketed the Planned Parenthood center saw her so often that they came to recognize her.<sup id="cite_ref-voltz_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-voltz-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2008_02_London_-_Placard_inspired_by_Mary_Tabayoyon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/2008_02_London_-_Placard_inspired_by_Mary_Tabayoyon.jpg/220px-2008_02_London_-_Placard_inspired_by_Mary_Tabayoyon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/2008_02_London_-_Placard_inspired_by_Mary_Tabayoyon.jpg/330px-2008_02_London_-_Placard_inspired_by_Mary_Tabayoyon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/2008_02_London_-_Placard_inspired_by_Mary_Tabayoyon.jpg/440px-2008_02_London_-_Placard_inspired_by_Mary_Tabayoyon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="802" /></a><figcaption>A protester holds a sign which reads: "C[hurch] o[f] S[cientology] forces its female members to get abortions". (February 10, 2008)</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2001, former Scientologist <a href="/wiki/Astra_Woodcraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Astra Woodcraft">Astra Woodcraft</a> told the <i><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle" title="San Francisco Chronicle">San Francisco Chronicle</a></i> that she decided to attempt to get pregnant because she thought this would help her get out of Scientology, due to its practices with regard to abortion.<sup id="cite_ref-leavingthefold_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leavingthefold-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "If you get pregnant, they'll send you to one of their smaller, lower-level organizations. In reality, you're very heavily pressured to get an abortion, but I figured it was my only way to get out," said Woodcraft.<sup id="cite_ref-leavingthefold_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leavingthefold-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A bio page on a website Woodcraft created in 2008 said she "left Scientology for good when the church tried to pressure her to have an abortion".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scientology leaders told the <i>San Francisco Chronicle</i> that the organization does not have a policy on abortion, but instead leaves the decision up to the individual.<sup id="cite_ref-leavingthefold_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leavingthefold-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2003, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i> reported that "Forced abortions, beatings, starvation are considered tools of discipline in this church."<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2005, a former high-ranking member of the Sea Org told the <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Post" title="New York Post">New York Post</a></i>, "It is estimated that there have been some 1,500 abortions carried out by women in the Sea Organization since the implementation of a rule in the late '80s that members could not remain in the organization if they decided to have children. And if members who have been in the Sea Organization for, say, 10 years do decide to have kids, they are dismissed with no more than $1,000" as a <a href="/wiki/Severance_package" title="Severance package">severance package</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Former Scientologist and Sea Org member Karen Pressley recounted to <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Morton_(writer)" title="Andrew Morton (writer)">Andrew Morton</a> in the 2008 book <i><a href="/wiki/Tom_Cruise:_An_Unauthorized_Biography" title="Tom Cruise: An Unauthorized Biography">Tom Cruise: An Unauthorized Biography</a></i> that she was often asked by fellow Scientologists for loans so that they could get an abortion and remain in the Sea Org.<sup id="cite_ref-msnbcmorton_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msnbcmorton-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-morton_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morton-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "I had a real problem because I don't believe in abortion," said Pressley.<sup id="cite_ref-msnbcmorton_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msnbcmorton-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-morton_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morton-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She repeated the allegation in a book she wrote, detailing her escape from Scientology.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Morton wrote that "Scientology officials reject as 'simply false' the assertion that Sea Org women are encouraged, as a matter of policy, to have abortions."<sup id="cite_ref-msnbcmorton_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msnbcmorton-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-morton_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morton-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2008, Astra Woodcraft appeared on the <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a> program <i><a href="/wiki/Nightline_(U.S._news_program)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nightline (U.S. news program)">Nightline</a></i> along with <a href="/wiki/Jenna_Miscavige_Hill" title="Jenna Miscavige Hill">Jenna Miscavige Hill</a>, the niece of Scientology leader <a href="/wiki/David_Miscavige" title="David Miscavige">David Miscavige</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nightlinetranscript_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nightlinetranscript-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fletcher_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fletcher-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Astra Woodcraft said that when she was about 17 years old, Scientology came up with a policy that Sea Org members could not have children.<sup id="cite_ref-nightlinetranscript_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nightlinetranscript-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fletcher_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fletcher-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "If you get pregnant when you're in the Sea Org, you either have to leave or you get an abortion. I know people who have gotten like up to four abortions," said Hill.<sup id="cite_ref-nightlinetranscript_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nightlinetranscript-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fletcher_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fletcher-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Astra's father Lawrence Woodcraft told <i>Nightline</i>, "She was very upset when she was about 16 or 17 and told me they suddenly decided to change the rules and Sea Org members were no longer allowed to have children."<sup id="cite_ref-nightlinetranscript_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nightlinetranscript-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fletcher_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fletcher-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two years later, Astra became pregnant, and she said that she was asked about this by a high-ranking member of the Sea Org, "A very high-level Sea Org member one day saw me and asked me what I was doing and I said I was leaving and I said I was pregnant and he said, 'Oh, is it too late for an abortion?' I didn't even know what to say in response."<sup id="cite_ref-nightlinetranscript_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nightlinetranscript-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fletcher_23-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fletcher-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Former Scientologist and actor <a href="/wiki/Jason_Beghe" title="Jason Beghe">Jason Beghe</a> and former Scientologist and Sea Org member Marc Headley commented on issues of Scientology and abortion in September 2008 at a conference in Hamburg, Germany sponsored by Germany’s Department of Interior Affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-headley_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-headley-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "It is against the codes of Sea Org to have children. If a female staff member for some reason was married, and got pregnant, then she's basically forced or convinced to have an abortion. If she refuses to have an abortion, then she will be offloaded from the Sea Organization and in most cases, declared; and she will not be able to speak to any of her family or friends that are Scientologists," said Headley.<sup id="cite_ref-headley_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-headley-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, husband and wife Marc and Claire Headley filed lawsuits against Scientology's Golden Era Productions, asserting the organization participated in <a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking" title="Human trafficking">human trafficking</a> and violated <a href="/wiki/United_States_labor_law" title="United States labor law">United States labor law</a> on the state and federal level.<sup id="cite_ref-perrault_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-perrault-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Claire Headley was an employee at Golden Era Productions from 1991 to 2005, and stated in the lawsuit that she worked "long, hard hours for illegal wages, was forced to have (two) abortions to keep her job and was subjected to violations of personal rights and liberties for the purpose of obtaining forced labor."<sup id="cite_ref-perrault_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-perrault-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scientology representative <a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Davis" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas W. Davis">Tommy Davis</a> described the Headleys' lawsuits as "utterly meritless" in a statement to <i>The Press-Enterprise</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-perrault_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-perrault-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Davis said that "As members of the religious order called the Sea Organization, we have dedicated our lives to the service of the Scientology religion."<sup id="cite_ref-perrault_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-perrault-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He told <i>The Press-Enterprise</i>, "Here's the thing that's so disingenuous about (the lawsuits). When you join the Sea Organization, you know you are voluntarily signing up and becoming a part of a highly dedicated, highly disciplined, very regulated lifestyle as part of a religious order. It's tough. It's not meant to be easy."<sup id="cite_ref-perrault_26-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-perrault-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Laura DeCrescenzo <a href="/wiki/Scientology_and_law#DeCrescenzo" title="Scientology and law">filed a lawsuit in 2009</a> against Scientology, in which she asserted the organization had engaged in "human trafficking, obstructing justice, employment violations, discrimination and violation of privacy".<sup id="cite_ref-courthouse_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-courthouse-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "There are two very different versions of Scientology. There is the Scientology as presented to the outside world and there is a different Scientology in which plaintiff lived and worked for approximately 13 years. In the Scientology world plaintiff experienced, 12-year-old children are taken from their homes, asked to sign employment contracts and put to work. Pregnant women are coerced to have abortions," wrote DeCrescenzo in her complaint.<sup id="cite_ref-courthouse_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-courthouse-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She asserted in the complaint that while in Scientology she was "coerced to have an abortion".<sup id="cite_ref-courthouse_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-courthouse-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The complaint stated, "At age 12, plaintiff signed her first 'Contract of Employment.' She left school, home and family to work for the Church of Scientology International. This required that plaintiff move to another state. She was married to a co-worker at age 16, became pregnant while still a minor and was coerced by CSI to have an abortion at age 17."<sup id="cite_ref-courthouse_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-courthouse-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2009, <a href="/wiki/Investigative_journalism" title="Investigative journalism">investigative journalist</a> Nathan Baca of <a href="/wiki/KESQ-TV" title="KESQ-TV">KESQ-TV</a> interviewed former Scientologist Maureen Bolstad.<sup id="cite_ref-tortuous_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tortuous-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bolstad said that women who worked at Scientology's headquarters were forced to have abortions, or faced being declared a "<a href="/wiki/Suppressive_Person" class="mw-redirect" title="Suppressive Person">Suppressive Person</a>" by the organization's management.<sup id="cite_ref-tortuous_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tortuous-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-coercedabortions_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coercedabortions-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bolstand told Baca, "If a woman gets pregnant, and does not abort the child, then they are declared a suppressive person. Because, it kind of started out gradually. At first, the thing was, the Church of Scientology International did not want to pay for child care."<sup id="cite_ref-coercedabortions_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coercedabortions-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> L. Ron Hubbard stated those declared suppressive persons, "cannot be granted the rights ordinarily accorded rational beings".<sup id="cite_ref-coercedabortions_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coercedabortions-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of their protest movement against Scientology, in June 2009 the group <a href="/wiki/Anonymous_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anonymous (group)">Anonymous</a> released a statement highlighting what it referred to as "abuses in the Sea Org", including "Child labor, coerced abortions, harsh working conditions, human trafficking, cruel punishment, disconnection of families", and asserted a "Cadet Org" for children within the Sea Org "was disbanded as unnecessary when abortions were made mandatory for Sea Org women."<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Australian politician <a href="/wiki/Nick_Xenophon" title="Nick Xenophon">Nick Xenophon</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Independent_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politician)">independent</a> member of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Senate" title="Australian Senate">Australian Senate</a>, gave a speech to the Australian Parliament in November 2009, about statements he had received from former Scientologists.<sup id="cite_ref-tedmanson_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tedmanson-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He said that he had been told members of the organization had coerced pregnant female employees to have abortions.<sup id="cite_ref-tedmanson_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tedmanson-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "I am deeply concerned about this organisation and the devastating impact it can have on its followers," said Senator Xenophon, and he requested that the Australian Senate begin an investigation into Scientology.<sup id="cite_ref-tedmanson_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tedmanson-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the letters presented by Senator Xenophon, the organization was involved in "ordering" its members to have abortions.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Former Scientologist <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Saxton" title="Aaron Saxton">Aaron Saxton</a> sent a letter to Senator Xenophon stating he had participated in coercing pregnant women within the organization to have abortions.<sup id="cite_ref-collins_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-collins-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Aaron says women who fell pregnant were taken to offices and bullied to have an abortion. If they refused, they faced demotion and hard labour. Aaron says one staff member used a coat hanger and self-aborted her child for fear of punishment," said Senator Xenophon.<sup id="cite_ref-oloughlin_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oloughlin-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carmel Underwood, another former Scientologist, said she had been put under "extreme pressure" to have an abortion,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that she was placed into a "disappearing programme", after refusing.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Underwood was the executive director of Scientology's branch in Sydney.<sup id="cite_ref-oloughlin_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oloughlin-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Former Scientologists Anna and Dean Detheridge of Sydney had been Scientology staffers for 17 years, and according to Senator Xenophon they had been "subjected to physical and mental abuse during their time with the organisation".<sup id="cite_ref-oloughlin_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oloughlin-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Senator said that, "Anna and Dean also provided evidence where information they and others have revealed to the church have been used to blackmail and control. They also provided more information about coerced abortions."<sup id="cite_ref-oloughlin_34-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oloughlin-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mike Ferriss, the head of Scientology in New Zealand, denied the claims of forced abortions, saying to <i>3 News</i> "There are no forced abortions in Scientology and if Aaron Saxton or anyone else coerced someone into having an abortion then they are way outside of the Church's policy and ethical conduct. We respect human life and the rights of mother's and families in such matters. The Church does not intervene."<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2010, former Scientologist Janette Lang stated that at age 20 she became pregnant by her boyfriend while in the organization,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and her boyfriend's Scientology supervisors "coerced them into terminating the pregnancy".<sup id="cite_ref-janettelang_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-janettelang-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "We fought for a week, I was devastated, I felt abused, I was lost and eventually I gave in. It was my baby, my body and my choice, and all of that was taken away from me by Scientology," said Lang.<sup id="cite_ref-janettelang_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-janettelang-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lang explained why she chose this time to come forward, "I'm speaking out today because the time has come for victims of Scientology to be heard."<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scientology spokesperson Virginia Stewart rejected the statements made by Janette Lang, and asserted, "The Church of Scientology considers the family unit and children to be of the utmost importance and does not condone nor force anyone to undertake any medical procedure whatsoever."<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commentary">Commentary</h2></div> <p>In his book <i><a href="/wiki/A_Piece_of_Blue_Sky" title="A Piece of Blue Sky">A Piece of Blue Sky</a></i>, author Jon Atack commented, "A rather peculiar aspect of <i>Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health</i> was Hubbard's emphasis on 'attempted abortions.<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>"<sup id="cite_ref-atack_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atack-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Atack pointed out that Hubbard thought attempted abortions caused ulcers, and noted, "He had been suffering from a duodenal ulcer since 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-atack_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atack-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Author George Malko wrote in <i><a href="/wiki/Scientology:_The_Now_Religion" title="Scientology: The Now Religion">Scientology: The Now Religion</a></i> that "Hubbard's extensive discussion of things sexual, his concern with abortions, beatings, coitus under duress, flatulence which causes pressure on the foetus, certain cloacal references, all suggest to me a fascination which borders on the obsessive, as if he possessed a deep-seated hatred of women. All of them are being beaten, most of them prove to be unfaithful, few babies are wanted."<sup id="cite_ref-atack_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atack-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-malko_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-malko-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hubbard's interest in abortions was criticized in the 1965 <a href="/wiki/Anderson_Report" title="Anderson Report">Anderson Report</a> as "a morbid preoccupation with matters relating to abnormal behaviour of women" and "a prurient and distinctly unhealthy attachment to abortions, rape, perversion, and similar matters."<sup id="cite_ref-Anderson-44_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anderson-44-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176" /><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ; color: #202122;background-color: #c6dbf7;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>"Children take people off-line, so they discourage members of the Sea Org from having children." </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="right-aligned" style=""> —<a href="/wiki/J._Gordon_Melton" title="J. Gordon Melton">J. Gordon Melton</a><sup id="cite_ref-leavingthefold_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leavingthefold-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div> </div> <p>New religions scholar <a href="/wiki/J._Gordon_Melton" title="J. Gordon Melton">J. Gordon Melton</a> told the <i>San Francisco Chronicle</i> that Scientology discourages members of the Sea Org from having children.<sup id="cite_ref-leavingthefold_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leavingthefold-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "They don't look at children as a resource, but as a problem. Children take people off-line, so they discourage members of the Sea Org from having children," said Melton.<sup id="cite_ref-leavingthefold_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leavingthefold-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the book <i>New Religious Movements and Religious Liberty in America</i>, Melton contributed a chapter, "A Contemporary Ordered Religious Community: The Sea Organization".<sup id="cite_ref-davis_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-davis-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the piece, Melton commented on statements he had seen about Scientology and abortion in "anti-Scientology literature".<sup id="cite_ref-davis_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-davis-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Melton wrote, "It has been asserted in some anti-Scientology literature that the Church had, at least for a time period, demanded that any female Sea Org members who became pregnant obtain an abortion. I have been unable to find any verification of that allegation."<sup id="cite_ref-davis_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-davis-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Melton went on to assert, "Given the nature of the church, were this ever to have become a policy of the Sea Org, there would have undoutedly been a paper trail of documents which, if they existed, have never been produced."<sup id="cite_ref-davis_43-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-davis-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In an article in the <i><a href="/wiki/Marburg_Journal_of_Religion" title="Marburg Journal of Religion">Marburg Journal of Religion</a></i>, Stephen A. Kent discussed Scientology and abortion, writing "Because the attitude among some Sea Org leadership appears to be that children hinder adults from performing their vital assignments, researchers should not be surprised to learn of pressures that Sea Org women felt to either abort pregnancies or give-up children for adoption."<sup id="cite_ref-kent_12-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kent-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He commented, "Taken together, the interviews, legal declarations, media accounts, and internal documents present troubling glimpses into the lives of Scientology's most committed members. Sea Org obligations override many personal and family obligations and responsibilities, and devotion to the Scientology cause often appears to take priority over the needs of children."<sup id="cite_ref-kent_12-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kent-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a 1998 speech, attorney and Scientology critic Graham E. Berry commented on Mary Tabayoyan's affidavit about Scientology and abortion, "Mary Tabayoyan has testified as to how she and other Scientologists were ordered to have abortions; and I have argued before a court that that constitutes instructions to commit murder. At the very least, it denies a woman freedom of choice with regard to abortion. And why does Scientology do this? Because children require "Family Time" and "Family Time" interferes with production; the production of things that produce money."<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a May 2009 speech before the cult monitoring organization <a href="/wiki/FECRIS" class="mw-redirect" title="FECRIS">FECRIS</a>, Berry cited "forced abortions" among what he referred to as "Scientology’s many secular abuses and crimes".<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li>Scientology's <a href="/wiki/Scientology_beliefs_and_practices#The_eight_dynamics" title="Scientology beliefs and practices">second-dynamic</a> topics: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scientology_and_gender" title="Scientology and gender">Scientology and gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology_and_sexual_orientation" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientology and sexual orientation">Scientology and sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology_and_sex" title="Scientology and sex">Scientology and sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology_and_marriage" title="Scientology and marriage">Scientology and marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_birth" title="Silent birth">Silent birth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_abortion" title="Religion and abortion">Religion and abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_debate" title="Abortion debate">Abortion debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minors_and_abortion" title="Minors and abortion">Minors and abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paternal_rights_and_abortion" title="Paternal rights and abortion">Paternal rights and abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-induced_abortion" title="Self-induced abortion">Self-induced abortion</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-reitman-bk-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-reitman-bk_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFReitman2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Janet_Reitman" class="mw-redirect" title="Janet Reitman">Reitman, Janet</a> (2011). <a href="/wiki/Inside_Scientology:_The_Story_of_America%27s_Most_Secretive_Religion" title="Inside Scientology: The Story of America's Most Secretive Religion"><i>Inside Scientology: The Story of America's Most Secretive Religion</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin_Harcourt" title="Houghton Mifflin Harcourt">Houghton Mifflin Harcourt</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">323–</span>25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780618883028" title="Special:BookSources/9780618883028"><bdi>9780618883028</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL24881847M">24881847M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inside+Scientology%3A+The+Story+of+America%27s+Most+Secretive+Religion&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E323-%3C%2Fspan%3E25&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL24881847M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=9780618883028&rft.aulast=Reitman&rft.aufirst=Janet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientology+and+abortion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hubbard-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hubbard_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hubbard_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hubbard_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHubbard1950" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/L._Ron_Hubbard" title="L. Ron Hubbard">Hubbard, L. Ron</a> (1950). <i><a href="/wiki/Dianetics:_The_Modern_Science_of_Mental_Health" title="Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health">Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health</a></i>. Bridge Publications, Inc. pp. <span class="nowrap">194–</span>95. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88404-632-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88404-632-5"><bdi>978-0-88404-632-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dianetics%3A+The+Modern+Science+of+Mental+Health&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E194-%3C%2Fspan%3E95&rft.pub=Bridge+Publications%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1950&rft.isbn=978-0-88404-632-5&rft.aulast=Hubbard&rft.aufirst=L.+Ron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientology+and+abortion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-town-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-town_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-town_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTimes_Staff_Writer2004" class="citation news cs1">Times Staff Writer (July 18, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sptimes.com/2004/07/18/Tampabay/About_Scientology.shtml">"Scientology's town: About Scientology"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Petersburg Times">St. Petersburg Times</a></i>. www.sptimes.com. p. 11A<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 7,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=St.+Petersburg+Times&rft.atitle=Scientology%27s+town%3A+About+Scientology&rft.pages=11A&rft.date=2004-07-18&rft.au=Times+Staff+Writer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sptimes.com%2F2004%2F07%2F18%2FTampabay%2FAbout_Scientology.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientology+and+abortion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-atack-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-atack_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-atack_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-atack_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-atack_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-atack_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAtack1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jon_Atack" class="mw-redirect" title="Jon Atack">Atack, Jon</a> (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pieceofblueskysc00atac/"><i>A Piece of Blue Sky: Scientology, Dianetics and L. Ron Hubbard Exposed</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Lyle_Stuart" title="Lyle Stuart">Lyle Stuart Books</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">111–</span>112. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/081840499X" title="Special:BookSources/081840499X"><bdi>081840499X</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL9429654M">9429654M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Piece+of+Blue+Sky%3A+Scientology%2C+Dianetics+and+L.+Ron+Hubbard+Exposed&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E111-%3C%2Fspan%3E112&rft.pub=Lyle+Stuart+Books&rft.date=1990&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL9429654M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=081840499X&rft.aulast=Atack&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpieceofblueskysc00atac%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientology+and+abortion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-malko-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-malko_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-malko_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMalko1970" class="citation book cs1">Malko, George (1970). <a href="/wiki/Scientology:_The_Now_Religion" title="Scientology: The Now Religion"><i>Scientology: The Now Religion</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Delacorte_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Delacorte Press">Delacorte Press</a>. p. 52. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL5444962M">5444962M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scientology%3A+The+Now+Religion&rft.pages=52&rft.pub=Delacorte+Press&rft.date=1970&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL5444962M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.aulast=Malko&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientology+and+abortion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-maisel-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-maisel_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMaisel1950" class="citation news cs1">Maisel, Albert Q. (December 5, 1950). "Dianetics: Science or Hoax? Half a million laymen have swallowed this poor man's psychiatry. Now they're set to try it on others". <i>Look Magazine</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Look+Magazine&rft.atitle=Dianetics%3A+Science+or+Hoax%3F+Half+a+million+laymen+have+swallowed+this+poor+man%27s+psychiatry.+Now+they%27re+set+to+try+it+on+others.&rft.date=1950-12-05&rft.aulast=Maisel&rft.aufirst=Albert+Q.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientology+and+abortion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-scienceofsurvival-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-scienceofsurvival_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-scienceofsurvival_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHubbard1951" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/L._Ron_Hubbard" title="L. Ron Hubbard">Hubbard, L. Ron</a> (1951). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/scienceofsurviva00lron_0/page/118"><i>Science of Survival</i></a>. Church of Scientology of California American Saint Hill Organization. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/scienceofsurviva00lron_0/page/118">118</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88404-001-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-88404-001-1"><bdi>0-88404-001-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Science+of+Survival&rft.pages=118&rft.pub=Church+of+Scientology+of+California+American+Saint+Hill+Organization&rft.date=1951&rft.isbn=0-88404-001-1&rft.aulast=Hubbard&rft.aufirst=L.+Ron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fscienceofsurviva00lron_0%2Fpage%2F118&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientology+and+abortion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFClarke1991" class="citation book cs1">Clarke, Peter (1991). <i>The World's Religions: The Study of Religion, Traditional and New Religion</i>. Routledge. p. 158. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-06432-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-06432-5"><bdi>0-415-06432-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World%27s+Religions%3A+The+Study+of+Religion%2C+Traditional+and+New+Religion&rft.pages=158&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-415-06432-5&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientology+and+abortion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hunt-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hunt_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hunt_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHunt2003" class="citation book cs1">Hunt, Stephen J. (2003). <i>Alternative Religions: A Sociological Introduction</i>. Ashgate Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">194–</span>195. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7546-3410-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7546-3410-8"><bdi>0-7546-3410-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alternative+Religions%3A+A+Sociological+Introduction&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E194-%3C%2Fspan%3E195&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-7546-3410-8&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=Stephen+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientology+and+abortion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reitman-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-reitman_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reitman_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reitman_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reitman_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reitman_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReitman2006" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Janet_Reitman" class="mw-redirect" title="Janet Reitman">Reitman, Janet</a> (February 23, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/inside-scientology-103288/">"Inside Scientology"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090430200426/http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/story/9363363/inside_scientology/print">Archived</a> from the original on April 30, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=Inside+Scientology&rft.date=2006-02-23&rft.aulast=Reitman&rft.aufirst=Janet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fculture%2Fculture-news%2Finside-scientology-103288%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientology+and+abortion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKick2003" class="citation book cs1">Kick, Russell (2003). <i>Abuse Your Illusions</i>. The Disinformation Company. p. 335. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9713942-4-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-9713942-4-5"><bdi>0-9713942-4-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Abuse+Your+Illusions&rft.pages=335&rft.pub=The+Disinformation+Company&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-9713942-4-5&rft.aulast=Kick&rft.aufirst=Russell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientology+and+abortion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kent-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kent_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kent_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kent_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kent_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kent_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kent_12-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kent_12-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kent_12-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kent_12-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kent_12-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kent_12-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kent_12-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kent_12-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKent1999" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Kent" title="Stephen A. Kent">Kent, Stephen A.</a> (July 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiv.ub.uni-marburg.de/mjr/kent.html">"Scientology -- Is this a Religion?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Marburg_Journal_of_Religion" title="Marburg Journal of Religion">Marburg Journal of Religion</a></i>. <b>4</b> (1). archiv.ub.uni-marburg.de<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 7,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marburg+Journal+of+Religion&rft.atitle=Scientology+--+Is+this+a+Religion%3F&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.date=1999-07&rft.aulast=Kent&rft.aufirst=Stephen+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiv.ub.uni-marburg.de%2Fmjr%2Fkent.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientology+and+abortion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-exchurchmemberfights-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-exchurchmemberfights_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-exchurchmemberfights_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-exchurchmemberfights_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-exchurchmemberfights_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-exchurchmemberfights_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-exchurchmemberfights_13-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-exchurchmemberfights_13-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-exchurchmemberfights_13-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThurston1999" class="citation news cs1">Thurston, Susan (January 31, 1999). "Ex-church member fights for right to speak out Scientology officials deny claim his wife was ordered to have abortion". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Press-Enterprise_(California)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Press-Enterprise (California)">The Press-Enterprise</a></i>. The Press-Enterprise Co. p. A03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Press-Enterprise&rft.atitle=Ex-church+member+fights+for+right+to+speak+out+Scientology+officials+deny+claim+his+wife+was+ordered+to+have+abortion&rft.pages=A03&rft.date=1999-01-31&rft.aulast=Thurston&rft.aufirst=Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientology+and+abortion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-voltz-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-voltz_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-voltz_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVoltz1995" class="citation book cs1">Voltz, Tom (1995). <i>Scientology und (k)ein Ende</i>. Walter. p. 170. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-530-89980-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-530-89980-1"><bdi>978-3-530-89980-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scientology+und+%28k%29ein+Ende&rft.pages=170&rft.pub=Walter&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-3-530-89980-1&rft.aulast=Voltz&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientology+and+abortion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-leavingthefold-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-leavingthefold_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-leavingthefold_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-leavingthefold_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-leavingthefold_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-leavingthefold_15-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-leavingthefold_15-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLattin2001" class="citation news cs1">Lattin, Don (February 12, 2001). "Leaving the Fold - Third-generation Scientologist grows disillusioned with faith". <i><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle" title="San Francisco Chronicle">San Francisco Chronicle</a></i>. 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State of Victoria. p. 44.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Report+of+the+Board+of+Inquiry+into+Scientology&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=State+of+Victoria&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Kevin+Victor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientology+and+abortion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-davis-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-davis_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-davis_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-davis_43-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-davis_43-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavisBarry_Hankins2003" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Derek; Barry Hankins (2003). <i>New Religious Movements and Religious Liberty in America</i>. Baylor University Press. pp. 53, 191. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-918954-92-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-918954-92-4"><bdi>0-918954-92-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Religious+Movements+and+Religious+Liberty+in+America&rft.pages=53%2C+191&rft.pub=Baylor+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-918954-92-4&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Derek&rft.au=Barry+Hankins&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientology+and+abortion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBerry1998" class="citation news cs1">Berry, Graham E. (March 30, 1998). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Dark_Side_of_Scientology">"The Dark Side of Scientology"</a>. <i>Phoenix Television, Hamburg, Germany</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phoenix+Television%2C+Hamburg%2C+Germany&rft.atitle=The+Dark+Side+of+Scientology&rft.date=1998-03-30&rft.aulast=Berry&rft.aufirst=Graham+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FThe_Dark_Side_of_Scientology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientology+and+abortion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBerry2009" class="citation news cs1">Berry, Graham E. (May 15, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://griess.st1.at/gsk/fecris/spb/Berry%20EN.htm">"Why the United States must investigate the crimes, abuses and frauds of the Scientology enterprise"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FECRIS" class="mw-redirect" title="FECRIS">FECRIS</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FECRIS&rft.atitle=Why+the+United+States+must+investigate+the+crimes%2C+abuses+and+frauds+of+the+Scientology+enterprise&rft.date=2009-05-15&rft.aulast=Berry&rft.aufirst=Graham+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgriess.st1.at%2Fgsk%2Ffecris%2Fspb%2FBerry%2520EN.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientology+and+abortion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChildsThomas_C._Tobin2010" class="citation news cs1">Childs, Joe; Thomas C. Tobin (June 13, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100613074600/http://www.tampabay.com/news/scientology/church-of-scientology-no-kids-allowed/1101759">"Church of Scientology: No kids allowed"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Petersburg Times">St. Petersburg Times</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tampabay.com/news/scientology/church-of-scientology-no-kids-allowed/1101759">the original</a> on June 13, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 13,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=St.+Petersburg+Times&rft.atitle=Church+of+Scientology%3A+No+kids+allowed&rft.date=2010-06-13&rft.aulast=Childs&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft.au=Thomas+C.+Tobin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tampabay.com%2Fnews%2Fscientology%2Fchurch-of-scientology-no-kids-allowed%2F1101759&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientology+and+abortion" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCooper1971" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paulette_Cooper" title="Paulette Cooper">Cooper, Paulette</a> (1971). <a href="/wiki/The_Scandal_of_Scientology" title="The Scandal of Scientology"><i>The Scandal of Scientology</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Tower_Publications" title="Tower Publications">Tower Publications</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">32–</span>33, 88, <span class="nowrap">94–</span>95. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/921001">921001</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL39467941M">39467941M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Scandal+of+Scientology&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E32-%3C%2Fspan%3E33%2C+88%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E94-%3C%2Fspan%3E95&rft.pub=Tower+Publications&rft.date=1971&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F921001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL39467941M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Paulette&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientology+and+abortion" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMiller1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Russell_Miller" title="Russell Miller">Miller, Russell</a> (1987). <a href="/wiki/Bare-faced_Messiah" title="Bare-faced Messiah"><i>Bare-faced Messiah : The True Story of L. Ron Hubbard</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Holt_and_Company" title="Henry Holt and Company">Henry Holt and Company</a>. pp. 140, 233, <span class="nowrap">271–</span>273, 366. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0805006540" title="Special:BookSources/0805006540"><bdi>0805006540</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL26305813M">26305813M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bare-faced+Messiah+%3A+The+True+Story+of+L.+Ron+Hubbard&rft.pages=140%2C+233%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E271-%3C%2Fspan%3E273%2C+366&rft.pub=Henry+Holt+and+Company&rft.date=1987&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL26305813M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=0805006540&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Russell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientology+and+abortion" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHernandez2010" class="citation news cs1">Hernandez, Miriam (February 12, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abc7.com/archive/7274685/">"Ex-Scientologists to expose alleged abuse"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/KABC-TV" title="KABC-TV">KABC-TV</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 13,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=KABC-TV&rft.atitle=Ex-Scientologists+to+expose+alleged+abuse&rft.date=2010-02-12&rft.aulast=Hernandez&rft.aufirst=Miriam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabc7.com%2Farchive%2F7274685%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientology+and+abortion" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHubbard1981" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/L._Ron_Hubbard" title="L. Ron Hubbard">Hubbard, L. Ron</a> (1981). <i>The Second Dynamic</i>. <a href="/wiki/Heron_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Heron Books">Heron Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0897390032" title="Special:BookSources/0897390032"><bdi>0897390032</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL3793635M">3793635M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Second+Dynamic&rft.pub=Heron+Books&rft.date=1981&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL3793635M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=0897390032&rft.aulast=Hubbard&rft.aufirst=L.+Ron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientology+and+abortion" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMiller1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Russell_Miller" title="Russell Miller">Miller, Russell</a> (1987). <a href="/wiki/Bare-faced_Messiah" title="Bare-faced Messiah"><i>Bare-faced Messiah : The True Story of L. Ron Hubbard</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Holt_and_Company" title="Henry Holt and Company">Henry Holt and Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0805006540" title="Special:BookSources/0805006540"><bdi>0805006540</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL26305813M">26305813M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bare-faced+Messiah+%3A+The+True+Story+of+L.+Ron+Hubbard&rft.pub=Henry+Holt+and+Company&rft.date=1987&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL26305813M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=0805006540&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Russell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientology+and+abortion" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReichelt1997" class="citation book cs1">Reichelt, Peter (1997). <i>Helnwein und Scientology</i>. <a href="/wiki/Mannheim" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a>, Germany: Brockmann und Reichelt. pp. <span class="nowrap">249–</span>280. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-923801-93-9" title="Special:BookSources/3-923801-93-9"><bdi>3-923801-93-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Helnwein+und+Scientology&rft.place=Mannheim%2C+Germany&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E249-%3C%2Fspan%3E280&rft.pub=Brockmann+und+Reichelt&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=3-923801-93-9&rft.aulast=Reichelt&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientology+and+abortion" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTimes_staff2010" class="citation news cs1">Times staff (June 13, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tampabay.com/news/scientology/scientology-and-abortion/1102036/">"Scientology and abortion"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Petersburg Times">St. Petersburg Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 13,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=St.+Petersburg+Times&rft.atitle=Scientology+and+abortion&rft.date=2010-06-13&rft.au=Times+staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tampabay.com%2Fnews%2Fscientology%2Fscientology-and-abortion%2F1102036%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientology+and+abortion" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Scientology_and_abortion" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Scientology and abortion">Scientology and abortion</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090917132733/http://www.sptimes.com/2004/07/18/Tampabay/About_Scientology.shtml">"Scientology positions - Abortion"</a>. <a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Petersburg Times">St. Petersburg Times</a>. July 18, 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sptimes.com/2004/07/18/Tampabay/About_Scientology.shtml">the original</a> on September 17, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scientology+positions+-+Abortion&rft.pub=St.+Petersburg+Times&rft.date=2004-07-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sptimes.com%2F2004%2F07%2F18%2FTampabay%2FAbout_Scientology.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientology+and+abortion" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091120071101/http://www.caic.org.au/psyther/sci/abortion.htm">"Forced Abortions in Scientology: Mary Tabayoyon affidavit"</a>. <i>Cult Awareness and Information Centre</i>. August 26, 1994. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.caic.org.au/psyther/sci/abortion.htm">the original</a> on November 20, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cult+Awareness+and+Information+Centre&rft.atitle=Forced+Abortions+in+Scientology%3A+Mary+Tabayoyon+affidavit&rft.date=1994-08-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.caic.org.au%2Fpsyther%2Fsci%2Fabortion.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientology+and+abortion" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xenu.net/archive/personal_story/jesse_prince/forced_abortion/">"New Hampshire picket and forced abortions"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Clambake" title="Operation Clambake">Operation Clambake</a></i>. September 7, 1998.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Operation+Clambake&rft.atitle=New+Hampshire+picket+and+forced+abortions&rft.date=1998-09-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.xenu.net%2Farchive%2Fpersonal_story%2Fjesse_prince%2Fforced_abortion%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScientology+and+abortion" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Scientology_beliefs_and_practices" title="Scientology beliefs and practices">Beliefs and<br />practices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auditing_(Scientology)" title="Auditing (Scientology)">Auditing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Scientology" title="Bibliography of Scientology">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bridge_to_Total_Freedom" title="The Bridge to Total Freedom">Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear_(Scientology)" title="Clear (Scientology)">Clear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dianetics" title="Dianetics">Dianetics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dianetics:_The_Modern_Science_of_Mental_Health" title="Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health"><i>Dianetics</i> (book)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disconnection_(Scientology)" title="Disconnection (Scientology)">Disconnection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-meter" title="E-meter">E-meter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engram_(Dianetics)" title="Engram (Dianetics)">Engram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology_ethics_and_justice" title="Scientology ethics and justice">Ethics and justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Scientology" title="Glossary of Scientology">Glossary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scientology_terminology" title="Scientology terminology">Terminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Implant_(Scientology)" title="Implant (Scientology)">Implant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incident_(Scientology)" title="Incident (Scientology)">Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keeping_Scientology_Working" title="Keeping Scientology Working">Keeping Scientology Working</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcab_Confederacy" title="Marcab Confederacy">Marcab Confederacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology_and_marriage" title="Scientology and marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MEST_(Scientology)" title="MEST (Scientology)">MEST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operating_Thetan" title="Operating Thetan">Operating Thetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OT_VIII" title="OT VIII">OT VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactive_mind" title="Reactive mind">Reactive mind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology_and_religious_groups" title="Scientology and religious groups">Scientology and religious groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reincarnation#Scientology" title="Reincarnation">Reincarnation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scientology_security_checks" title="List of Scientology security checks">Sec Check</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology_and_sex" title="Scientology and sex">Sex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scientology_and_gender" title="Scientology and gender">Gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology_and_homosexuality" title="Scientology and homosexuality">Homosexuality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_birth" title="Silent birth">Silent birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_opera_in_Scientology" title="Space opera in Scientology">Space opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Study_Technology" title="Study Technology">Study Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thetan" title="Thetan">Thetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Training_routines_(Scientology)" title="Training routines (Scientology)">Training routines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenu" title="Xenu">Xenu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Dianetics_and_Scientology" title="History of Dianetics and Scientology">History</a> and<br /> <a href="/wiki/Scientology_controversies" title="Scientology controversies">controversies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Mental_Health_Enabling_Act" title="Alaska Mental Health Enabling Act">Alaska Mental Health Enabling Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_books_critical_of_Scientology" title="Bibliography of books critical of Scientology">Books critical of Scientology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scientology_editing_on_Wikipedia" title="Church of Scientology editing on Wikipedia">Church of Scientology editing on Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clearwater_Hearings" title="Clearwater Hearings">Clearwater Hearings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Elli_Perkins" title="Murder of Elli Perkins">Death of Elli Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Kaja_Ballo" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Kaja Ballo">Death of Kaja Ballo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Lisa_McPherson" title="Death of Lisa McPherson">Death of Lisa McPherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_game_(Scientology)" title="Fair game (Scientology)">Fair game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishman_Affidavit" title="Fishman Affidavit">Fishman Affidavit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Guardian%27s_Office_operations" title="List of Guardian's Office operations">Guardian's Office operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Henson" title="Keith Henson">Keith Henson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology_and_the_Internet" title="Scientology and the Internet">The Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Clambake" title="Operation Clambake">Operation Clambake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Freakout" title="Operation Freakout">Operation Freakout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Snow_White" title="Operation Snow White">Operation Snow White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Chanology" title="Project Chanology">Project Chanology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Normandy" title="Project Normandy">Project Normandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R2-45" title="R2-45">R2-45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology_and_psychiatry" title="Scientology and psychiatry">Psychiatry</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scientology_and_Me" title="Scientology and Me">Scientology and Me</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology_as_a_business" title="Scientology as a business">Scientology as a business</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Secrets_of_Scientology" title="The Secrets of Scientology">The Secrets of Scientology</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suppressive_person" title="Suppressive person">Suppressive person</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_status_of_Scientology_in_the_United_States" title="Tax status of Scientology in the United States">Tax status in the US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hole_(Scientology)" title="The Hole (Scientology)">The Hole</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Thriving_Cult_of_Greed_and_Power" title="The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power">The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Scientology" title="Timeline of Scientology">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government reports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anderson_Report" title="Anderson Report">Anderson Report</a> (AUS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumbleton%E2%80%93Powles_Report" title="Dumbleton–Powles Report">Dumbleton–Powles Report</a> (NZ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foster_Report" title="Foster Report">Foster Report</a> (UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lee_Report" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lee Report">Lee Report</a> (CAN)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scientology_and_law" title="Scientology and law">Litigation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/R_v_Registrar_General,_ex_p_Segerdal" title="R v Registrar General, ex p Segerdal">R v Registrar General, ex p Segerdal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hubbard_v_Vosper" title="Hubbard v Vosper">Hubbard v Vosper</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Hubbard" title="United States v. Hubbard">United States v. Hubbard</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/X._and_Church_of_Scientology_v._Sweden" title="X. and Church of Scientology v. Sweden">X. and Church of Scientology v. Sweden</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scientology_v._Sweden" title="Church of Scientology v. Sweden">Church of Scientology v. Sweden</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wollersheim_v._Church_of_Scientology" class="mw-redirect" title="Wollersheim v. Church of Scientology">Wollersheim v. Church of Scientology</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hernandez_v._Commissioner" title="Hernandez v. Commissioner">Hernandez v. Commissioner</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Era_Publications_International_ApS_v._Carol_Publishing_Group_and_Jonathan_Caven-Atack" title="New Era Publications International ApS v. Carol Publishing Group and Jonathan Caven-Atack">New Era Publications International ApS v. Carol Publishing Group and Jonathan Caven-Atack</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scientology_of_California_v._Armstrong" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of Scientology of California v. Armstrong">Church of Scientology of California v. Armstrong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/R_v_Church_of_Scientology_of_Toronto" title="R v Church of Scientology of Toronto">R. v. Church of Scientology of Toronto</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fishman_Affidavit" title="Fishman Affidavit">Church of Scientology Intl. v. Fishman and Geertz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hill_v_Church_of_Scientology_of_Toronto" title="Hill v Church of Scientology of Toronto">Hill v. Church of Scientology of Toronto</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Religious_Technology_Center_v_Lerma" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious Technology Center v Lerma">Religious Technology Center v Lerma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Religious_Technology_Center_v._Netcom_On-Line_Communication_Services,_Inc." title="Religious Technology Center v. Netcom On-Line Communication Services, Inc.">Religious Technology Center v. Netcom On-Line Communication Services, Inc.</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Thriving_Cult_of_Greed_and_Power" title="The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power">Church of Scientology Intl. v. Time Warner, Inc., et al.</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arenz,_R%C3%B6der_and_Dagmar_v._Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Arenz, Röder and Dagmar v. Germany">Arenz, Röder and Dagmar v. Germany</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scientology_Moscow_v._Russia" title="Church of Scientology Moscow v. Russia">Church of Scientology Moscow v. Russia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Headley_v._Church_of_Scientology_International" title="Headley v. Church of Scientology International">Headley v. Church of Scientology International</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scientology_organizations" title="List of Scientology organizations">Organizations</a><br />(and <a href="/wiki/Scientology_properties" title="Scientology properties">properties</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cadet_Org" title="Cadet Org">Cadet Org</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celebrity_Centre" title="Celebrity Centre">Celebrity Centre</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_%C3%89lys%C3%A9e" title="Château Élysée">Château Élysée</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scientology" title="Church of Scientology">Church of Scientology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scientology_International" title="Church of Scientology International">Church of Scientology International</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guaranty_Building_(Hollywood,_California)" title="Guaranty Building (Hollywood, California)">Guaranty Building</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Spiritual_Technology" title="Church of Spiritual Technology">Church of Spiritual Technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trementina_Base" title="Trementina Base">Trementina Base</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scientology_Flag_Service_Organization" title="Church of Scientology Flag Service Organization">Flag Service Organization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_Building" title="Flag Building">Flag Building/Super Power Building</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_Ship_Service_Org" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag Ship Service Org">Flag Ship Service Org</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freewinds" title="Freewinds">Freewinds</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founding_Church_of_Scientology" class="mw-redirect" title="Founding Church of Scientology">Founding Church of Scientology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaxy_Press" title="Galaxy Press">Galaxy Press</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Security_Trust" title="Security Trust">Author Services building</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Base" title="Gold Base">Golden Era Productions (Gold Base)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubbard_Association_of_Scientologists_International" title="Hubbard Association of Scientologists International">Hubbard Association of Scientologists International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Scientologists" title="International Association of Scientologists">International Association of Scientologists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Special_Affairs" title="Office of Special Affairs">Office of Special Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Technology_Center" title="Religious Technology Center">Religious Technology Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehabilitation_Project_Force" title="Rehabilitation Project Force">Rehabilitation Project Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Hill_Manor" title="Saint Hill Manor">Saint Hill Manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology_Missions_International" title="Scientology Missions International">Scientology Missions International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Org" title="Sea Org">Sea Org</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Scientology_by_country" title="Category:Scientology by country">Countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scientology_status_by_country" title="Scientology status by country">Status by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology_in_Australia" title="Scientology in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology_in_Belgium" title="Scientology in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology_in_Canada" title="Scientology in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology_in_Egypt" title="Scientology in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology_in_France" title="Scientology in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology_in_Germany" title="Scientology in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology_in_the_Netherlands" title="Scientology in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology_in_New_Zealand" title="Scientology in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology_in_Norway" title="Scientology in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology_in_Pakistan" title="Scientology in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology_in_Russia" title="Scientology in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Scientology in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology_in_the_United_States" title="Scientology in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scientology_officials" title="Scientology officials">Officials</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L._Ron_Hubbard" title="L. Ron Hubbard">L. Ron Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Sue_Hubbard" title="Mary Sue Hubbard">Mary Sue Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Miscavige" title="David Miscavige">David Miscavige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelly_Miscavige" title="Shelly Miscavige">Shelly Miscavige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Adams_(American_football)" title="Bob Adams (American football)">Bob Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carmichael_(Scientology)" title="John Carmichael (Scientology)">John Carmichael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Davis_(Scientology)" title="Tommy Davis (Scientology)">Tommy Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Feshbach" title="Jessica Feshbach">Jessica Feshbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Gaiman" title="David Gaiman">David Gaiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leisa_Goodman" title="Leisa Goodman">Leisa Goodman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heber_Jentzsch" title="Heber Jentzsch">Heber Jentzsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendrick_Moxon" title="Kendrick Moxon">Kendrick Moxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karin_Pouw" title="Karin Pouw">Karin Pouw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Rathbun" title="Mark Rathbun">Mark Rathbun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Rinder" title="Mike Rinder">Mike Rinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Stith" title="Michelle Stith">Michelle Stith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Weiland" title="Kurt Weiland">Kurt Weiland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Scientology_organizations" title="Category:Scientology organizations">Affiliated <br />organizations<br />and recruitment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Better_Living_and_Education" title="Association for Better Living and Education">Association for Better Living and Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applied_Scholastics" title="Applied Scholastics">Applied Scholastics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology_and_celebrities" title="Scientology and celebrities">Celebrities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizens_Commission_on_Human_Rights" title="Citizens Commission on Human Rights">Citizens Commission on Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concerned_Businessmen%27s_Association_of_America" title="Concerned Businessmen's Association of America">Concerned Businessmen's Association of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminon" title="Criminon">Criminon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Cult_Awareness_Network" title="New Cult Awareness Network">Cult Awareness Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Delphian_School" class="mw-redirect" title="The Delphian School">The Delphian School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Zone_(Scientology)" title="Free Zone (Scientology)">Free Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology_front_groups" title="Scientology front groups">Front groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSCN-TV" title="KSCN-TV">KSCN-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moxon_%26_Kobrin" title="Moxon & Kobrin">Moxon & Kobrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narconon" title="Narconon">Narconon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Rescue_Workers_Detoxification_Project" title="New York Rescue Workers Detoxification Project">New York Rescue Workers Detoxification Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Capacity_Analysis" title="Oxford Capacity Analysis">Oxford Capacity Analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safe_Environment_Fund" title="Safe Environment Fund">Safe Environment Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology_Network" title="Scientology Network">Scientology Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Chance_Program" title="Second Chance Program">Second Chance Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trademarks_owned_by_the_Church_of_Scientology_and_its_affiliates" title="List of trademarks owned by the Church of Scientology and its affiliates">Trademarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volunteer_Ministers" title="Volunteer Ministers">Volunteer Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Way_to_Happiness" title="The Way to Happiness">The Way to Happiness Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Institute_of_Scientology_Enterprises" title="World Institute of Scientology Enterprises">World Institute of Scientology Enterprises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_for_Human_Rights_International" title="Youth for Human Rights International">Youth for Human Rights International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scientology_in_popular_culture" title="Scientology in popular culture">Popular <br />culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ali%27s_Smile:_Naked_Scientology" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali's Smile: Naked Scientology">Ali's Smile: Naked Scientology</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Being_Tom_Cruise" title="Being Tom Cruise">Being Tom Cruise</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bowfinger" title="Bowfinger">Bowfinger</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bridge_(2006_drama_film)" title="The Bridge (2006 drama film)">The Bridge</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Going_Clear_(book)" title="Going Clear (book)">Going Clear</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Going_Clear_(film)" title="Going Clear (film)">film</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leah_Remini:_Scientology_and_the_Aftermath" title="Leah Remini: Scientology and the Aftermath">Leah Remini: Scientology and the Aftermath</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Master_(2012_film)" title="The Master (2012 film)">The Master</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Scientology_Movie" title="My Scientology Movie">My Scientology Movie</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Profit_(film)" title="The Profit (film)">The Profit</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trapped_in_the_Closet_(South_Park)" title="Trapped in the Closet (South Park)">South Park</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Token_of_My_Extreme" title="A Token of My Extreme">A Token of My Extreme</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Very_Merry_Unauthorized_Children%27s_Scientology_Pageant" title="A Very Merry Unauthorized Children's Scientology Pageant">A Very Merry Unauthorized Children's Scientology Pageant</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/We_Stand_Tall" title="We Stand Tall">We Stand Tall</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Scientology" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Special:Search/Scientology"><span style="color:#002BB8;">Wikibooks</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Scientology" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Scientology"><span style="color:#002BB8;">Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Scientology" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Category:Scientology"><span style="color:#002BB8;">Wikinews</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Scientology" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Scientology"><span style="color:#002BB8;">Wikiquote</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Category:Scientology" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Category:Scientology"><span style="color:#002BB8;">Wikisource</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Church_of_Scientology" class="extiw" title="wikiversity:Church of Scientology"><span style="color:#002BB8;">Wikiversity</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Scientology" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Scientology"><span style="color:#002BB8;">Wiktionary</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Abortion220" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Abortion" title="Template:Abortion"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Abortion" title="Template talk:Abortion"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Abortion" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Abortion"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Abortion220" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">Abortion</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Definitions_of_abortion" title="Definitions of abortion">Definitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_abortion" title="History of abortion">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Methods_of_abortion" title="Category:Methods of abortion">Methods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_debate" title="Abortion debate">Abortion debate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_aspects_of_the_abortion_debate" title="Philosophical aspects of the abortion debate">Philosophical aspects</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_law" title="Abortion law">Abortion law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion-rights_movements" class="mw-redirect" title="Abortion-rights movements">Abortion-rights movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-abortion_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-abortion movement">Anti-abortion movements</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_and_mental_health" title="Abortion and mental health">Abortion and mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beginning_of_human_personhood" title="Beginning of human personhood">Beginning of human personhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beginning_of_pregnancy_controversy" title="Beginning of pregnancy controversy">Beginning of pregnancy controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion%E2%80%93breast_cancer_hypothesis" title="Abortion–breast cancer hypothesis">Abortion-breast cancer hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-abortion_violence" title="Anti-abortion violence">Anti-abortion violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_under_communism" title="Abortion under communism">Abortion under communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birth_control" title="Birth control">Birth control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crisis_pregnancy_center" title="Crisis pregnancy center">Crisis pregnancy center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_aspects_of_abortion" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethical aspects of abortion">Ethical aspects of abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenics" title="Eugenics">Eugenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fetal_rights" title="Fetal rights">Fetal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_abortion" title="Forced abortion">Forced abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetics_and_abortion" title="Genetics and abortion">Genetics and abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late-term_abortion" class="mw-redirect" title="Late-term abortion">Late-term abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legalized_abortion_and_crime_effect" title="Legalized abortion and crime effect">Legalized abortion and crime effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_abortion" title="Libertarian perspectives on abortion">Libertarian perspectives on abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limit_of_viability" class="mw-redirect" title="Limit of viability">Limit of viability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malthusianism" title="Malthusianism">Malthusianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Men's rights">Men's rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minors_and_abortion" title="Minors and abortion">Minors and abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misinformation_related_to_abortion" title="Misinformation related to abortion">Misinformation related to abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalism" title="Natalism">Natalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-child_policy" title="One-child policy">One-child policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paternal_rights_and_abortion" title="Paternal rights and abortion">Paternal rights and abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-abortion_care" title="Post-abortion care">Post-abortion care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prenatal_development" title="Prenatal development">Prenatal development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_rights" title="Reproductive rights">Reproductive rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-induced_abortion" title="Self-induced abortion">Self-induced abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-selective_abortion" title="Sex-selective abortion">Sex-selective abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidewalk_counseling" title="Sidewalk counseling">Sidewalk counseling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Societal_attitudes_towards_abortion" title="Societal attitudes towards abortion">Societal attitudes towards abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_perspectives_on_abortion" title="Socialist perspectives on abortion">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Termination_for_medical_reasons" title="Termination for medical reasons">Termination for medical reasons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxic_abortion" title="Toxic abortion">Toxic abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unsafe_abortion" title="Unsafe abortion">Unsafe abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights" title="Women's rights">Women's rights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Africa" title="Abortion in Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Algeria" title="Abortion in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Angola" title="Abortion in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Benin" title="Abortion in Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Botswana" title="Abortion in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Burkina_Faso" title="Abortion in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Burundi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abortion in Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Cameroon" title="Abortion in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Cape_Verde" title="Abortion in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Abortion in the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Chad" title="Abortion in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_Comoros" title="Abortion in the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Egypt" title="Abortion in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Abortion in Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Eswatini" title="Abortion in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Gabon" title="Abortion in Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_Gambia" title="Abortion in the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Ghana" title="Abortion in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Guinea" title="Abortion in Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Kenya" title="Abortion in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Lesotho" title="Abortion in Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Liberia" title="Abortion in Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Madagascar" title="Abortion in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Malawi" title="Abortion in Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Mauritius" title="Abortion in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Namibia" title="Abortion in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Nigeria" title="Abortion in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Senegal" title="Abortion in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Seychelles" title="Abortion in Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Sierra_Leone" title="Abortion in Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_South_Africa" title="Abortion in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Tanzania" title="Abortion in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Togo" title="Abortion in Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Uganda" title="Abortion in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Zambia" title="Abortion in Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Zimbabwe" title="Abortion in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Afghanistan" title="Abortion in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Armenia" title="Abortion in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Azerbaijan" title="Abortion in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Bahrain" title="Abortion in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Bangladesh" title="Abortion in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Bhutan" title="Abortion in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Brunei" title="Abortion in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Cambodia" title="Abortion in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_China" title="Abortion in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Cyprus" title="Abortion in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Abortion in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_India" title="Abortion in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Iran" title="Abortion in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Israel" title="Abortion in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Japan" title="Abortion in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Kazakhstan" title="Abortion in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_North_Korea" title="Abortion in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_South_Korea" title="Abortion in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Laos" title="Abortion in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Lebanon" title="Abortion in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Malaysia" title="Abortion in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Nepal" title="Abortion in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Abortion in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_Philippines" title="Abortion in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Qatar" title="Abortion in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Abortion in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Singapore" title="Abortion in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Taiwan" title="Abortion in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Timor-Leste" title="Abortion in Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Turkey" title="Abortion in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Abortion in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Vietnam" title="Abortion in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Yemen" title="Abortion in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Europe" title="Abortion in Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Albania" title="Abortion in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Andorra" title="Abortion in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Austria" title="Abortion in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Belarus" title="Abortion in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Belgium" title="Abortion in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Abortion in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Bulgaria" title="Abortion in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Croatia" title="Abortion in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Abortion in Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Denmark" title="Abortion in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Estonia" title="Abortion in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Finland" title="Abortion in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_France" title="Abortion in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Germany" title="Abortion in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Greece" title="Abortion in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Hungary" title="Abortion in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Iceland" title="Abortion in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Abortion in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Italy" title="Abortion in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Kazakhstan" title="Abortion in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Latvia" title="Abortion in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Liechtenstein" title="Abortion in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Lithuania" title="Abortion in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Luxembourg" title="Abortion in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Malta" title="Abortion in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Moldova" title="Abortion in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Monaco" title="Abortion in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Montenegro" title="Abortion in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_Netherlands" title="Abortion in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_North_Macedonia" title="Abortion in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Norway" title="Abortion in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Poland" title="Abortion in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Portugal" title="Abortion in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Romania" title="Abortion in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Russia" title="Abortion in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_San_Marino" title="Abortion in San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Serbia" title="Abortion in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Slovakia" title="Abortion in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Slovenia" title="Abortion in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Spain" title="Abortion in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Sweden" title="Abortion in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Switzerland" title="Abortion in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Ukraine" title="Abortion in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Abortion in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_Bahamas" title="Abortion in the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Belize" title="Abortion in Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Canada" title="Abortion in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Costa_Rica" title="Abortion in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Cuba" title="Abortion in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Abortion in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_El_Salvador" title="Abortion in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Guatemala" title="Abortion in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Honduras" title="Abortion in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Mexico" title="Abortion in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Nicaragua" title="Abortion in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Panama" title="Abortion in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Abortion in Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_law_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Abortion law in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Australia" title="Abortion in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Abortion in the Federated States of Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Fiji" title="Abortion in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Kiribati" title="Abortion in Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_Marshall_Islands" title="Abortion in the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_New_Zealand" title="Abortion in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Abortion in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Samoa" title="Abortion in Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_Solomon_Islands" title="Abortion in the Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Tonga" title="Abortion in Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Tuvalu" title="Abortion in Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Vanuatu" title="Abortion in Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Argentina" title="Abortion in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Bolivia" title="Abortion in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Brazil" title="Abortion in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Chile" title="Abortion in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Colombia" title="Abortion in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Ecuador" title="Abortion in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Guyana" title="Abortion in Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Paraguay" title="Abortion in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Peru" title="Abortion in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Suriname" title="Abortion in Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Uruguay" title="Abortion in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Venezuela" title="Abortion in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Abortion_law" title="Abortion law">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Abortion_case_law" title="Category:Abortion case law">Case law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Abortion_constitutional_law" title="Category:Abortion constitutional law">Constitutional law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_abortion#Legal:_History_of_abortion_law" title="History of abortion">History of abortion law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_law#National_laws" title="Abortion law">Laws by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_protection_of_access_to_abortion" title="Legal protection of access to abortion">Buffer zones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objection_to_abortion" title="Conscientious objection to abortion">Conscientious objection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fetal_rights" title="Fetal rights">Fetal protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-week_abortion_ban" class="mw-redirect" title="Six-week abortion ban">Six-week bans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informed_consent#Abortion" title="Informed consent">Informed consent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late-term_abortion#Legal_restrictions_on_later_abortion" class="mw-redirect" title="Late-term abortion">Late-term restrictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minors_and_abortion" title="Minors and abortion">Parental involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paternal_rights_and_abortion#Men_and_abortion_in_law" title="Paternal rights and abortion">Spousal consent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Methods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_aspiration" title="Vacuum aspiration">Vacuum aspiration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilation_and_evacuation" title="Dilation and evacuation">Dilation and evacuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilation_and_curettage" title="Dilation and curettage">Dilation and curettage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intact_dilation_and_extraction" title="Intact dilation and extraction">Intact D&X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hysterotomy_abortion" title="Hysterotomy abortion">Hysterotomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instillation_abortion" title="Instillation abortion">Instillation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menstrual_extraction" title="Menstrual extraction">Menstrual extraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_abortion" title="Medical abortion">Medical abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortifacient" title="Abortifacient">Abortifacient drugs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Methotrexate" title="Methotrexate">Methotrexate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mifepristone" title="Mifepristone">Mifepristone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misoprostol" title="Misoprostol">Misoprostol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxytocin" title="Oxytocin">Oxytocin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-induced_abortion" title="Self-induced abortion">Self-induced abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unsafe_abortion" title="Unsafe abortion">Unsafe abortion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_abortion" title="Religion and abortion">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_abortion" title="Buddhism and abortion">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_abortion" title="Christianity and abortion">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_abortion" title="Catholic Church and abortion">Catholicism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_abortion" title="Hinduism and abortion">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_abortion" title="Islam and abortion">Islam</a></li> 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