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Neoplasia maligna - Wikipedia
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</a> </li> <li id="toc-Caratteristiche" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caratteristiche"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Caratteristiche</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caratteristiche-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Storia_ed_epidemiologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storia_ed_epidemiologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Storia ed epidemiologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Storia_ed_epidemiologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eziologia_e_patogenesi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eziologia_e_patogenesi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Eziologia e patogenesi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eziologia_e_patogenesi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Segni_e_sintomi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Segni_e_sintomi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Segni e sintomi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Segni_e_sintomi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trattamento" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trattamento"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Trattamento</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Trattamento-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Trattamento</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Trattamento-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cure_palliative" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cure_palliative"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Cure palliative</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cure_palliative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prognosi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prognosi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Prognosi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prognosi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Risvolti_psicologici" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Risvolti_psicologici"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Risvolti psicologici</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Risvolti_psicologici-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Neoplasia maligna</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 165 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-165" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">165 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanker" title="Kanker - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kanker" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krebs_(Medizin)" title="Krebs (Medizin) - tedesco svizzero" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Krebs (Medizin)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="tedesco svizzero" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AB%E1%8A%95%E1%88%B0%E1%88%AD" title="ካንሰር - amarico" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ካንሰር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amarico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1ncer" title="Cáncer - aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cáncer" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97" title="कर्कट रोग - angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="कर्कट रोग" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سرطان - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سرطان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%AC%DC%A0%DC%97%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܬܠܗܝܐ - aramaico" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܬܠܗܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="aramaico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سرطان - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سرطان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97" title="কৰ্কট ৰোগ - assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কৰ্কট ৰোগ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1ncanu" title="Cáncanu - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cáncanu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%C9%99r%C3%A7%C9%99ng_x%C9%99st%C9%99liyi" title="Xərçəng xəstəliyi - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xərçəng xəstəliyi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سرطان - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سرطان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Яман шеш - baschiro" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Яман шеш" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baschiro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vie%C5%BE%C4%ABs_(l%C4%97ga)" title="Viežīs (lėga) - samogitico" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Viežīs (lėga)" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanser" title="Kanser - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kanser" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Злаякасная пухліна - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Злаякасная пухліна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA_(%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5)" title="Рак (захворваньне) - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рак (захворваньне)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA_(%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82)" title="Рак (болест) - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Рак (болест)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0" title="कैंसर - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कैंसर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="ক্যান্সার - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ক্যান্সার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="འབྲས་སྐྲན། - tibetano" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="འབྲས་སྐྲན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krign-bev" title="Krign-bev - bretone" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Krign-bev" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rak_(bolest)" title="Rak (bolest) - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rak (bolest)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Хорото хабдар - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хорото хабдар" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A0ncer" title="Càncer - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Càncer" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%A0ng" title="Ngàng - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ngàng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8E%D8%B1%D9%BE%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%95" title="شێرپەنجە - curdo centrale" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شێرپەنجە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo centrale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakovina" title="Rakovina - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rakovina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canser" title="Canser - gallese" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Canser" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%A6ft" title="Kræft - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kræft" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krebs_(Medizin)" title="Krebs (Medizin) - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Krebs (Medizin)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qanser" title="Qanser - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Qanser" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97" title="कर्कट रोग - Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="कर्कट रोग" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%86%DE%AC%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%90%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%AA" title="ކެންސަރު - divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ކެންސަރު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Καρκίνος - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καρκίνος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Cancer" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kancero" title="Kancero - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kancero" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1ncer" title="Cáncer - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cáncer" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4hk_(haigus)" title="Vähk (haigus) - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vähk (haigus)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minbizi" title="Minbizi - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Minbizi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancru" title="Cancru - estremegno" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Cancru" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="estremegno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سرطان - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سرطان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa%27%C9%93ere" title="Sa'ɓere - fulah" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Sa'ɓere" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fulah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sy%C3%B6p%C3%A4" title="Syöpä - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Syöpä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4hkt%C3%B5bi" title="Vähktõbi - võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Vähktõbi" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cancer" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreeft" title="Kreeft - frisone settentrionale" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kreeft" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisone settentrionale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanker" title="Kanker - frisone occidentale" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kanker" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisone occidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ailse" title="Ailse - irlandese" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ailse" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%8C" title="癌 - gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="癌" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kans%C3%A8r" title="Kansèr - Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Kansèr" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aillse" title="Aillse - gaelico scozzese" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Aillse" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelico scozzese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancro" title="Cancro - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cancro" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akyt%C3%A3%27ai" title="Akytã'ai - guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Akytã'ai" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%97_(%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%B0)" title="કર્કરોગ (કેન્સર) - gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="કર્કરોગ (કેન્સર)" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kans%E1%BA%B9%E1%BA%B9-z%E1%BB%8D%CC%80n" title="Kansẹẹ-zọ̀n - Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Kansẹẹ-zọ̀n" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanghyr" title="Kanghyr - mannese" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Kanghyr" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mannese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sankara" title="Sankara - hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Sankara" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%A0m" title="Ngàm - hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ngàm" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%9F_(%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%94)" title="סרטן (מחלה) - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סרטן (מחלה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97" title="कर्कट रोग - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कर्कट रोग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer - hindi figiano" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Cancer" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi figiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rak_(bolest)" title="Rak (bolest) - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rak (bolest)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kans%C3%A8" title="Kansè - creolo haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kansè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="creolo haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A1k_(betegs%C3%A9g)" title="Rák (betegség) - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rák (betegség)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%A1%D5%B2%D6%81%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B2" title="Քաղցկեղ - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քաղցկեղ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%A1%D5%B2%D6%81%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B2" title="Քաղցկեղ - Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Քաղցկեղ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancere" title="Cancere - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Cancere" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riman" title="Riman - iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Riman" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanker" title="Kanker - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kanker" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanser" title="Kanser - ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kanser" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%81" title="Боглус - ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Боглус" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kancero" title="Kancero - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kancero" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krabbamein" title="Krabbamein - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Krabbamein" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%82%AA%E6%80%A7%E8%85%AB%E7%98%8D" title="悪性腫瘍 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="悪性腫瘍" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiansa" title="Kiansa - creolo giamaicano" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Kiansa" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="creolo giamaicano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanker" title="Kanker - giavanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kanker" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="giavanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94" title="სიმსივნე - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სიმსივნე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C9%A9j%C9%9B%C9%96%C9%9B_k%CA%8Ad%C9%94%C5%8B_(Cancer_-_maladie)" title="Pɩjɛɖɛ kʊdɔŋ (Cancer - maladie) - Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Pɩjɛɖɛ kʊdɔŋ (Cancer - maladie)" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%96_%D1%96%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Қатерлі ісік - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қатерлі ісік" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕ್ಯಾನ್ಸರ್ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕ್ಯಾನ್ಸರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%94" title="암 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="암" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%8E%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8E%D8%B1" title="کَنسَر - kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="کَنسَر" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9E%C3%AArpence" title="Şêrpence - curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Şêrpence" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_(morbus)" title="Cancer (morbus) - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cancer (morbus)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kriibs_(Krankheet)" title="Kriibs (Krankheet) - lussemburghese" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kriibs (Krankheet)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lussemburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Рак - lesgo" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Рак" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lesgo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokolo" title="Kokolo - ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Kokolo" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaanker" title="Kaanker - limburghese" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kaanker" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancher_(medesina)" title="Cancher (medesina) - lombardo" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cancher (medesina)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%97%C5%BEys_(liga)" title="Vėžys (liga) - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vėžys (liga)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%93zis_(slim%C4%ABba)" title="Vēzis (slimība) - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vēzis (slimība)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA_(%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82)" title="Рак (болест) - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Рак (болест)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%82" title="അർബുദം - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അർബുദം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Хорт хавдар - mongolo" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хорт хавдар" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%81%8A_%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B2" title="ကေန်သာ၊ ယဲ - Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ကေန်သာ၊ ယဲ" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97" title="कर्करोग - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कर्करोग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barah" title="Barah - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Barah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%82%E1%80%AB" title="ကင်ဆာရောဂါ - birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကင်ဆာရောဂါ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreevt_(Medizin)" title="Kreevt (Medizin) - basso tedesco" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kreevt (Medizin)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="basso tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaanker" title="Kaanker - basso tedesco olandese" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Kaanker" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="basso tedesco olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0" title="क्यान्सर - nepalese" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="क्यान्सर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0" title="क्यान्सर - newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="क्यान्सर" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanker" title="Kanker - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kanker" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreft" title="Kreft - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kreft" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreft" title="Kreft - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kreft" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A0ncer" title="Càncer - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Càncer" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruakku" title="Ruakku - Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Ruakku" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaansarii" title="Kaansarii - oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Kaansarii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%9F_%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%97" title="କର୍କଟ ରୋଗ - odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କର୍କଟ ରୋଗ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0" title="ਕੈਂਸਰ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੈਂਸਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer - pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Cancer" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowotw%C3%B3r_z%C5%82o%C5%9Bliwy" title="Nowotwór złośliwy - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nowotwór złośliwy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سرطان - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سرطان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سرطان - pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سرطان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voce in vetrina"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A2ncer" title="Câncer - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Câncer" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apanqara_unquy" title="Apanqara unquy - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Apanqara unquy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cancer" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Злокачественная опухоль - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Злокачественная опухоль" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Раковіна - ruteno" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Раковіна" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruteno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%83" title="कर्कटरोगः - sanscrito" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="कर्कटरोगः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrito" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer - scozzese" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Cancer" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scozzese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%B1" title="ڪينسر - sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪينسر" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boras" title="Boras - sami del nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Boras" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami del nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rak_(medicina)" title="Rak (medicina) - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rak (medicina)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%85%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F" title="පිළිකා - singalese" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පිළිකා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cancer" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhubn%C3%BD_n%C3%A1dor" title="Zhubný nádor - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zhubný nádor" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%B1" title="کینسر - Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="کینسر" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rak_(bolezen)" title="Rak (bolezen) - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rak (bolezen)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gomarara_(Chirwere)" title="Gomarara (Chirwere) - shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Gomarara (Chirwere)" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansar" title="Kansar - somalo" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Kansar" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanceri" title="Kanceri - albanese" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kanceri" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA_(%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82)" title="Рак (болест) - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рак (болест)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangker" title="Kangker - sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kangker" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Cancer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saratani" title="Saratani - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Saratani" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/ugang" title="ugang - Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="ugang" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D" title="புற்றுநோய் - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புற்றுநோய்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕ್ಯಾನ್ಸರ್ - tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಕ್ಯಾನ್ಸರ್" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="కాన్సర్ - telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కాన్సర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Саратон - tagico" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Саратон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tagico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%87" title="มะเร็ง - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มะเร็ง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanser" title="Kanser - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kanser" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kensa" title="Kensa - tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Kensa" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanser" title="Kanser - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kanser" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fukuzana" title="Fukuzana - tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Fukuzana" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Яман шеш - tataro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Яман шеш" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tataro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokoram" title="Kokoram - ci" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Kokoram" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="ci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Злоякісна пухлина - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Злоякісна пухлина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B6%DB%81)" title="سرطان (عارضہ) - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سرطان (عارضہ)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraton_(kasallik)" title="Saraton (kasallik) - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Saraton (kasallik)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A0ncaro" title="Càncaro - veneto" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Càncaro" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voce in vetrina"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ung_th%C6%B0" title="Ung thư - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ung thư" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanser" title="Kanser - volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Kanser" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnant_m%C3%A5" title="Magnant må - vallone" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Magnant må" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanser" title="Kanser - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kanser" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%8C" title="癌 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="癌" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D" title="კიბო - mengrelio" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კიბო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mengrelio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="קענסער - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קענסער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bingh%27aizcwng" title="Bingh'aizcwng - zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" 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title="Eziologia">Eziologia</a></th><td>causa di cancro e infectious causes of cancer </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2">Classificazione e risorse esterne (<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>)</th></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Classificazione_ICD" title="Classificazione ICD">ICD-O</a></th><td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://codes.iarc.fr/search.php?cx=009987501641899931167%3A2_7lsevqpdm&cof=FORID%3A9&ie=UTF-8&ie=ISO-8859-1&oe=ISO-8859-1&sa=&q=8000/3">8000/3</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Classificazione_ICD" title="Classificazione ICD">ICD-10</a></th><td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2010/en#/C00-C97">C00-C97</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a></th><td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001289.htm">001289</a> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2">Eponimi</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2">granchio<br /><a href="/wiki/Crustacea" title="Crustacea">Crostacei</a> </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_piede2 noprint nomobile metadata" colspan="2"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078" class="extiw" title="d:Q12078"><span title="Modifica i dati della voce Neoplasia maligna su Wikidata">Modifica dati su Wikidata</span></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Template:Malattia/man" title="Template:Malattia/man"><span title="Manuale del template Malattia">Manuale</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Le <b>neoplasie maligne</b>, o <b>tumori maligni</b>, chiamate generalmente <b>cancro</b>, sono rappresentate da masse cellulari (costituite non solo da cellule "neoplastiche" ma anche da componente connettivale in genere) con determinate caratteristiche, elencate <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Caratteristiche">di seguito</a>. </p><p>La differenza su cui si basa la distinzione tra un tumore maligno e <a href="/wiki/Neoplasia_benigna" title="Neoplasia benigna">tumore benigno</a> è che il primo è in grado di invadere i tessuti circostanti e potenzialmente di <a href="/wiki/Metastasi" title="Metastasi">metastatizzare</a>, mentre invece il tumore benigno per definizione non invade<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Chiaramente ci sono altre differenze ma di tipo correlativo come, ad esempio, il fatto che i tumori maligni in genere presentino un grado di <a href="/wiki/Displasia" title="Displasia">displasia</a> maggiore e proliferino più velocemente. </p><p>Sono noti centinaia di tipi di cancro che colpiscono gli esseri umani.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nei <a href="/wiki/Primo_mondo" title="Primo mondo">paesi sviluppati</a> il cancro è una delle prime cause di morte. </p><p>Coloro che sopravvivono al cancro sono a maggior rischio di sviluppare un secondo tumore primario per circa il doppio rispetto a coloro a cui non è mai stato diagnosticato.<sup id="cite_ref-isbn1-55009-213-82_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isbn1-55009-213-82-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> L'aumento del rischio si ritiene sia dovuto principalmente ai fattori di rischio che hanno prodotto il primo tumore, in parte a causa del trattamento per il primo cancro e anche per via di una maggiore osservanza di <i><a href="/wiki/Screening" title="Screening">screening</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-isbn1-55009-213-82_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isbn1-55009-213-82-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Caratteristiche">Caratteristiche</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neoplasia_maligna&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Caratteristiche" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neoplasia_maligna&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Caratteristiche"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tutte le cellule cancerose mostrano i <a href="/wiki/The_Hallmarks_of_Cancer" title="The Hallmarks of Cancer">sei segni distintivi del cancro</a> (attualmente lo stesso Weinberg ne ha aggiunte altre 4), cioè caratteristiche che contraddistinguono le cellule cancerose rispetto alle cellule sane: <sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Le cellule cancerose non richiedono stimolazione esterna per la propria proliferazione cellulare</li> <li>Non sono sensibili a segnali inibitori che in condizioni normali limiterebbero la loro crescita</li> <li>Sono resistenti a morte cellulare programmata (<a href="/wiki/Apoptosi" title="Apoptosi">apoptosi</a>)</li> <li>Possono dividersi indefinitamente</li> <li>Stimolano la crescita di <a href="/wiki/Vasi_sanguigni" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasi sanguigni">vasi sanguigni</a> per apportare nutrienti</li> <li>Invadono i tessuti circostanti e si diffondono in siti lontani</li></ul> <p>Secondo il modello classico la progressione da cellula normale a cellula che può formare una massa rilevabile, fino al cancro vero e proprio, coinvolge più fasi, note come progressione maligna o <a href="/wiki/Cancerogenesi" class="mw-redirect" title="Cancerogenesi">cancerogenesi</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>; attualmente è generalmente accettato che ci sono dei casi molto rari in cui la cancerogenesi è estremamente rapida . </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storia_ed_epidemiologia">Storia ed epidemiologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neoplasia_maligna&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Storia ed epidemiologia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neoplasia_maligna&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Storia ed epidemiologia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130657691">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .vedi-anche{font-size:95%}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139142988">.mw-parser-output .hatnote-content{align-items:center;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{font-style:italic}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote{border:1px solid #CCC;display:flex;margin:.5em 0;padding:.2em .5em}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{padding-left:.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{padding-right:8px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{height:auto;width:16px}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new{color:#d73333}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new:visited{color:#a55858}</style> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Storia_dell%27oncologia" title="Storia dell'oncologia">Storia dell'oncologia</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>Il cancro è esistito in tutta la storia umana.<sup id="cite_ref-Hist1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hist1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La prima testimonianza scritta che riguarda il cancro è datata intorno al <a href="/wiki/XXXI_secolo_a.C." title="XXXI secolo a.C.">3000 a.C.</a> e si trova sul più antico trattato di medicina giunto fino a noi, il <a href="/wiki/Papiro_Edwin_Smith" title="Papiro Edwin Smith">papiro Edwin Smith</a>, che descrive il <a href="/wiki/Cancro_della_mammella" class="mw-redirect" title="Cancro della mammella">cancro della mammella</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hist1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hist1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>La parola deriva dal greco antico <i>καρκίνος</i> (<i>karkinos</i>), che significa <a href="/wiki/Granchio" class="mw-redirect" title="Granchio">granchio</a>. I medici greci <a href="/wiki/Ippocrate" title="Ippocrate">Ippocrate</a> e <a href="/wiki/Galeno" title="Galeno">Galeno</a>, avevano osservato che i tumori in stadio avanzato formano proiezioni spesso <a href="/wiki/Necrosi" title="Necrosi">necrotiche</a> all'interno del tessuto sano che danno un'immagine simile alle chele di un granchio:<sup id="cite_ref-Hist1_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hist1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> «le <a href="/wiki/Vena" title="Vena">vene</a> tese su tutti i lati, come un granchio ha le sue zampe».<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Aulo_Cornelio_Celso" title="Aulo Cornelio Celso">Celso</a> (<a href="/wiki/I_secolo" title="I secolo">I secolo</a>) tradusse <i>carcinos</i> nel nome <a href="/wiki/Lingua_latina" title="Lingua latina">latino</a> <i>cancer</i>, che significa granchio e raccomandò la <a href="/wiki/Chirurgia" title="Chirurgia">chirurgia</a> come trattamento.<sup id="cite_ref-Hist1_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hist1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Galeno" title="Galeno">Galeno</a> (II secolo), in disaccordo con l'uso della chirurgia, consigliò, invece, la somministrazione di purganti.<sup id="cite_ref-Hist1_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hist1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Queste raccomandazioni rimasero, in gran parte valide nella medicina antica, per un millennio.<sup id="cite_ref-Hist1_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hist1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nei secoli <a href="/wiki/XV_secolo" title="XV secolo">XV</a>, <a href="/wiki/XVI_secolo" title="XVI secolo">XVI</a> e <a href="/wiki/XVII_secolo" title="XVII secolo">XVII secolo</a>, diventò più accettabile per i medici <a href="/wiki/Autopsia" title="Autopsia">sezionare i corpi</a> al fine di scoprire la causa della morte.<sup id="cite_ref-Hist1_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hist1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Il professore tedesco <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Fabry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilhelm Fabry (la pagina non esiste)">Wilhelm Fabry</a> ritenne che il <a href="/wiki/Cancro_al_seno" class="mw-redirect" title="Cancro al seno">cancro al seno</a> fosse causato da un <a href="/wiki/Coagulo" title="Coagulo">coagulo</a> di <a href="/wiki/Latte_materno" title="Latte materno">latte</a> in un <a href="/wiki/Dotto_galattoforo" title="Dotto galattoforo">dotto galattoforo</a>. Il professore <a href="/wiki/Paesi_Bassi" title="Paesi Bassi">olandese</a> <a href="/wiki/Franciscus_Sylvius" title="Franciscus Sylvius">Franciscus Sylvius</a>, un seguace di <a href="/wiki/Cartesio" title="Cartesio">Cartesio</a>, credeva che tutte le malattie fossero il risultato di processi chimici e che il <a href="/wiki/Sistema_linfoide" title="Sistema linfoide">fluido linfatico</a> <a href="/wiki/Acido" title="Acido">acido</a> fosse la causa del cancro. Il suo contemporaneo <a href="/wiki/Nicolaes_Tulp" title="Nicolaes Tulp">Nicolaes Tulp</a> riteneva, invece, che fosse un <a href="/wiki/Veleno" title="Veleno">veleno</a> che si diffonde lentamente, concludendo che fosse contagioso.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Il medico John Hill, nel <a href="/wiki/1761" title="1761">1761</a>, associò l'<a href="/wiki/Tabacco_da_fiuto" title="Tabacco da fiuto">aspirazione del tabacco</a> come causa di cancro al <a href="/wiki/Naso" title="Naso">naso</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hist1_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hist1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ciò è stato seguito dalla relazione del <a href="/wiki/1775" title="1775">1775</a> del chirurgo <a href="/wiki/Percivall_Pott" title="Percivall Pott">Percivall Pott</a> che rilevava che il cancro dello <a href="/wiki/Scroto" title="Scroto">scroto</a> fosse una malattia comune tra gli <a href="/wiki/Spazzacamini" class="mw-redirect" title="Spazzacamini">spazzacamini</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hist1_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hist1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Con la diffusione dell'utilizzo del <a href="/wiki/Microscopio" title="Microscopio">microscopio</a>, avvenuta nel <a href="/wiki/XVIII_secolo" title="XVIII secolo">XVIII secolo</a>, è stato scoperto che il "veleno cancro" si diffonde dal tumore primario attraverso i <a href="/wiki/Linfonodi" class="mw-redirect" title="Linfonodi">linfonodi</a> ad altri siti (le metastasi). Questa caratteristica della malattia è stata determinata, tra il <a href="/wiki/1871" title="1871">1871</a> e il <a href="/wiki/1874" title="1874">1874</a>, dal chirurgo inglese <a href="/w/index.php?title=Campbell_De_Morgan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Campbell De Morgan (la pagina non esiste)">Campbell De Morgan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nel <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>, i costi complessivi relativi alla cura del cancro negli <a href="/wiki/Stati_Uniti" class="mw-redirect" title="Stati Uniti">Stati Uniti</a>, tra cui il trattamento e la mortalità delle spese indirette (come ad esempio la perdita di produttività sul posto di lavoro), sono stati stimati in 226,8 miliardi di dollari. Nel <a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a>, il 32% degli ispanici e il 10% dei minori di 17 anni o più giovani mancava di assicurazione sanitaria; "i pazienti non assicurati e quelli appartenenti a minoranze etniche hanno notevolmente più probabilità di ricevere una diagnosi tardiva di cancro, quando il trattamento può essere più difficoltoso e più costoso".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I tassi di tumori maligni infantili sono aumentati dello 0,6% all'anno, tra il 1975 e il 2002 negli Stati Uniti<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, e del 1,1% l'anno tra il 1978 e il 1997 in <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eziologia_e_patogenesi">Eziologia e patogenesi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neoplasia_maligna&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Eziologia e patogenesi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neoplasia_maligna&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Eziologia e patogenesi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139255918">.mw-parser-output .avviso-mini{border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#fbfbfb;margin-bottom:.5em;padding:0 2px 0 3px;margin:5px 10%;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .avviso-mini>div:first-of-type{margin:2px 2px 2px 0}.mw-parser-output .avviso-mini .mw-collapsible-content{padding:2px 0 0 7px}.mw-parser-output .avviso-mini-informazioni{border-left:10px solid #1e90ff}.mw-parser-output .avviso-mini-contenuto{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .avviso-mini-stile{border-left:10px solid #f4c430}.mw-parser-output .avviso-mini-statico{border-left:10px solid limegreen}.mw-parser-output .avviso-mini-struttura{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .avviso-mini-generico{border-left:10px solid #bba}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .avviso-mini{border:none;margin-bottom:1px;padding:inherit}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .avviso-mini .mbox-text-div{font-style:normal}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .avviso-mini>div{padding:8px 8px 8px 32px!important;position:relative}</style><div class="ambox avviso-mini noprint metadata avviso-mini-informazioni plainlinks"> <div class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-div" style="display:flex; flex-direction:row; align-items:center; column-gap:5px;"><span class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Quill-Nuvola.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sezione vuota"><img alt="Sezione vuota" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Quill-Nuvola.svg/20px-Quill-Nuvola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Quill-Nuvola.svg/30px-Quill-Nuvola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Quill-Nuvola.svg/40px-Quill-Nuvola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="50" /></a></span></span><span style="width:100%"><b>Questa sezione  sull'argomento medicina è ancora vuota</b>. <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neoplasia_maligna&action=edit">Aiutaci</a> a scriverla!</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Segni_e_sintomi">Segni e sintomi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neoplasia_maligna&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Segni e sintomi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neoplasia_maligna&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Segni e sintomi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139255918"><div class="ambox avviso-mini noprint metadata avviso-mini-informazioni plainlinks"> <div class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-div" style="display:flex; flex-direction:row; align-items:center; column-gap:5px;"><span class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Quill-Nuvola.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sezione vuota"><img alt="Sezione vuota" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Quill-Nuvola.svg/20px-Quill-Nuvola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Quill-Nuvola.svg/30px-Quill-Nuvola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Quill-Nuvola.svg/40px-Quill-Nuvola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="50" /></a></span></span><span style="width:100%"><b>Questa sezione  sull'argomento medicina è ancora vuota</b>. <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neoplasia_maligna&action=edit">Aiutaci</a> a scriverla!</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trattamento">Trattamento</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neoplasia_maligna&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Trattamento" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neoplasia_maligna&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Trattamento"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cure_palliative">Cure palliative</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neoplasia_maligna&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Cure palliative" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neoplasia_maligna&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Cure palliative"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Cure_palliative" title="Cure palliative">Cure palliative</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PCA-01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/PCA-01.JPG/220px-PCA-01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/PCA-01.JPG/330px-PCA-01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/PCA-01.JPG/440px-PCA-01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Pompa <a href="/wiki/Analgesia_controllata_dal_paziente" title="Analgesia controllata dal paziente">PCA</a> ad infusione per <a href="/wiki/Analgesia" title="Analgesia">analgesia</a> controllata dal paziente, configurata per la somministrazione <a href="/wiki/Epidurale" class="mw-redirect" title="Epidurale">epidurale</a> di <a href="/wiki/Bupivacaina" title="Bupivacaina">bupivacaina</a> e <a href="/wiki/Fentanyl" title="Fentanyl">fentanyl</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Le cure palliative sono un approccio alla gestione dei sintomi che mira a ridurre il disagio fisico, emotivo, spirituale e psicosociale delle persone affette da una neoplasia grave, generalmente a carattere maligno. A differenza di un trattamento che ha lo scopo di uccidere direttamente le cellule cancerose, l'obiettivo principale delle cure palliative è quello di far sentire meglio la persona. </p><p>Le cure palliative sono spesso confuse con gli <i><a href="/wiki/Hospice" class="mw-redirect" title="Hospice">hospice</a></i> e quindi collegate al momento in cui per il paziente si avvicina la fine della vita. Come gli <i>hospice</i>, le cure palliative cercano di aiutare l'ammalato a far fronte alle esigenze immediate e ad aumentare il suo comfort. Tuttavia, a differenza degli <i>hospice</i>, le cure palliative non richiedono alle persone di interrompere il trattamento volto a prolungare la loro vita o per la cura del cancro. </p><p>Diverse linee guida mediche raccomandano l'adesione alle cure palliative per le persone in cui il cancro ha prodotto gravi sintomi (<a href="/wiki/Dolore_oncologico" title="Dolore oncologico">dolore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dispnea" title="Dispnea">dispnea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Affaticamento" class="mw-redirect" title="Affaticamento">affaticamento</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nausea" title="Nausea">nausea</a>) o che hanno bisogno di aiuto per affrontare la loro malattia. Nelle persone che presentano una malattia metastatica al momento della prima diagnosi, gli <a href="/wiki/Oncologo" class="mw-redirect" title="Oncologo">oncologi</a> dovrebbero prendere in considerazione immediatamente una cura palliativa. Inoltre, essa dovrebbe essere valutata in tutti i pazienti con una prognosi inferiore ai 12 mesi, anche con la continuazione del trattamento aggressivo.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>L'uso supervisionato di <a href="/wiki/Psilocibina" title="Psilocibina">psilocibina</a> nel trattamento dell'ansia e della depressione in pazienti con cancro potenzialmente letale è stato studiato e ha mostrato riduzione dei sintomi.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prognosi">Prognosi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neoplasia_maligna&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Prognosi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neoplasia_maligna&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Prognosi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Coloro che sopravvivono al cancro sono a maggior rischio di sviluppare un secondo tumore primario per circa il doppio rispetto a coloro a cui non è mai stato diagnosticato.<sup id="cite_ref-isbn1-55009-213-82_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isbn1-55009-213-82-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> L'aumento del rischio si ritiene sia dovuto principalmente ai fattori di rischio che hanno prodotto il primo tumore, in parte a causa del trattamento per il primo cancro e anche per via di una maggiore osservanza di <i><a href="/wiki/Screening" title="Screening">screening</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-isbn1-55009-213-82_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isbn1-55009-213-82-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Risvolti_psicologici">Risvolti psicologici</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neoplasia_maligna&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Risvolti psicologici" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neoplasia_maligna&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Risvolti psicologici"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Anche se molte malattie, come l'<a href="/wiki/Insufficienza_cardiaca" title="Insufficienza cardiaca">insufficienza cardiaca</a>, possono avere una <a href="/wiki/Prognosi" title="Prognosi">prognosi</a> peggiore rispetto alla maggior parte dei casi neoplastici, il cancro è un argomento che suscita paura e spesso è considerato <a href="/wiki/Tab%C3%B9" title="Tabù">tabù</a>. L'eufemismo, "dopo una lunga malattia", è ancora di uso comune ad indicare un decesso dovuto ad un cancro, ciò riflette una <a href="/wiki/Stigma_(sociologia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stigma (sociologia)">stigma</a> evidente.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La profonda convinzione che il cancro sia esclusivamente una malattia fortemente debilitante e solitamente mortale, si riflette nei sistemi scelti per redigere le statistiche: infatti, le forme comuni di <a href="/wiki/Tumore_cutaneo" title="Tumore cutaneo">cancro alla pelle</a> non melanoma, che rappresentano circa un terzo di tutti i casi di cancro registrati in tutto il mondo ma che contano pochi decessi<sup id="cite_ref-Bolognia_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bolognia-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, sono escluse dalle statistiche, poiché sono facilmente curabili e vengono spesso trattati in un'unica e breve procedura ambulatoriale.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Il cancro è considerato come una malattia che deve essere "combattuta" e spesso si sente parlare di "guerra al cancro". Queste <a href="/wiki/Metafore" class="mw-redirect" title="Metafore">metafore</a> militari sono particolarmente comuni e sottolineano sia lo stato precario della salute della persona interessata sia la necessità per l'individuo di adottare azioni immediate e decisive per se stesso, piuttosto che di ritardare o ignorare la malattia. Queste metafore tendono anche a razionalizzare gli eventuali trattamenti radicali e distruttivi.<sup id="cite_ref-Gwyn_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gwyn-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nel <a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a>, un trattamento relativamente popolare e alternativo del cancro, consisteva, in una <a href="/wiki/Terapia" title="Terapia">terapia</a> della parola specializzata, basato sull'idea che il cancro fosse causato da un cattivo atteggiamento.<sup id="cite_ref-Olson_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olson-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Le persone con una "personalità del cancro", risultavano <a href="/wiki/Disturbo_depressivo" title="Disturbo depressivo">depresse</a>, avevano disgusto di sé e paura ad esprimere le proprie emozioni. Si credeva che il cancro fosse una manifestazione del desiderio inconscio. Alcuni <a href="/wiki/Psicoterapeuta" title="Psicoterapeuta">psicoterapeuti</a> ritenevano che il trattamento per cambiare la visione del paziente sulla vita avrebbe avuto effetto curativo sul cancro.<sup id="cite_ref-Olson_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olson-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ciò portava a riversare sulla vittima la colpa di essere la causa del proprio male o di averne impedito la cura.<sup id="cite_ref-Olson_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olson-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inoltre, ciò aumentava l'ansia dei pazienti, in quanto erroneamente ritenevano che le emozioni naturali di tristezza, rabbia o paura potessero accorciare la loro vita.<sup id="cite_ref-Olson_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olson-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La teoria è stata condannata da <a href="/wiki/Susan_Sontag" title="Susan Sontag">Susan Sontag</a>, nel suo libro <i>Malattia come metafora. <a href="/wiki/Aids" class="mw-redirect" title="Aids">Aids</a> e cancro</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Olson_25-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olson-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anche se questa teoria è ormai generalmente considerata come una sciocchezza, l'idea persiste, almeno in parte, in forma ridotta con una diffusa, ma errata, convinzione che mantenere deliberatamente un pensiero positivo, possa aumentare la sopravvivenza.<sup id="cite_ref-Olson_25-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olson-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Questo concetto è particolarmente rilevante nella cultura correlata al cancro al seno.<sup id="cite_ref-Olson_25-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olson-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neoplasia_maligna&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neoplasia_maligna&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer"><span style="font-style:italic;">Cancer</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Organizzazione_mondiale_della_sanit%C3%A0" title="Organizzazione mondiale della sanità">Organizzazione mondiale della sanità</a></span>. <small>URL consultato il 27 novembre 2020</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/understanding/what-is-cancer"><span style="font-style:italic;">What Is Cancer? - National Cancer Institute</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">cancer.gov</span>, 17 settembre 2007. <small>URL consultato il 27 novembre 2020</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-isbn1-55009-213-82-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-isbn1-55009-213-82_3-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-isbn1-55009-213-82_3-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-isbn1-55009-213-82_3-2">c</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-isbn1-55009-213-82_3-3">d</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Rheingold, Susan; Neugut, Alfred; Meadows, Anna, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK20948/"><span style="font-style:italic;">156: Secondary Cancers: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Management</span></a>, in Frei, Emil; Kufe, Donald W.; Holland, James F. 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Wiley, 2007, pp. 207, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-470-01916-6" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-470-01916-6">0-470-01916-6</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gwyn-23"><a href="#cite_ref-Gwyn_23-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Gwyn, Richard, <span style="font-style:italic;">10</span>, in Cameron, Lynne; Low, Graham (a cura di), <span style="font-style:italic;">Researching and applying metaphor</span>, Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press, 1999, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-521-64964-1" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-521-64964-1">0-521-64964-1</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Sulik, Gayle, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pinkribbonbluesh00suli"><span style="font-style:italic;">Pink Ribbon Blues: How Breast Cancer Culture Undermines Women's Health</span></a>, New York, Oxford University Press, 2010, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pinkribbonbluesh00suli/page/n100">78</a>–89, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-19-974045-3" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-19-974045-3">0-19-974045-3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/535493589">535493589</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Olson-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Olson_25-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Olson_25-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Olson_25-2">c</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Olson_25-3">d</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Olson_25-4">e</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Olson_25-5">f</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Olson_25-6">g</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Olson, James Stuart, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bathshebasbreast00olso_873"><span style="font-style:italic;">Bathsheba's Breast: Women, Cancer and History</span></a>, Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bathshebasbreast00olso_873/page/n271">145</a>–170, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-8018-6936-6" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-8018-6936-6">0-8018-6936-6</a>, <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/186453370">186453370</a>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neoplasia_maligna&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neoplasia_maligna&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neoplasia" title="Neoplasia">Neoplasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carcinogenesi" title="Carcinogenesi">Carcinogenesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carcinogeno" title="Carcinogeno">Carcinogeno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oncogene" title="Oncogene">Oncogene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convenzione_sul_cancro_professionale,_1974" title="Convenzione sul cancro professionale, 1974">Convenzione sul cancro professionale, 1974</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neoplasia_maligna&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neoplasia_maligna&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Tumore" class="extiw" title="q:Tumore">Wikiquote</a></li> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Cancer (illness)"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cancer_(illness)?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikiquote"><img alt="Collabora a Wikiquote" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/18px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/36px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="q:">Wikiquote</a> contiene citazioni sulla <b><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Tumore" class="extiw" title="q:Tumore">neoplasia maligna</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file sulla <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cancer_(illness)?uselang=it">neoplasia maligna</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neoplasia_maligna&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neoplasia_maligna&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDizionario_di_medicina" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/cancro_(Dizionario-di-Medicina)/"><span style="font-style:italic;">cancro</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Dizionario di medicina</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>, 2010.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078#P10022" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) José Costa, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/cancer-disease"><span style="font-style:italic;">cancer</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEnciclopedia_canadese" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/cancer/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Neoplasia maligna</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_canadese" title="Enciclopedia canadese">Enciclopedia canadese</a></span>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078#P5395" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFStanford_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/cancer/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Neoplasia maligna</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy" title="Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy">Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a></span>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078#P3123" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFOpen_Library" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/subjects/cancer"><span style="font-style:italic;">Opere riguardanti Neoplasia maligna</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Library">Open Library</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078#P3847" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Nuovo_soggettario" title="Nuovo soggettario">Thesaurus BNCF</a> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thes.bncf.firenze.sbn.it/termine.php?id=21132">21132</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85019492">sh85019492</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4073781-0">4073781-0</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Spagna" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Spagna">BNE</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="spagnolo">ES</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX526004">XX526004</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://datos.bne.es/resource/XX526004">(data)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Francia" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Francia">BNF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11931105q">cb11931105q</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11931105q">(data)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Israele" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Israele">J9U</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="ebraico">HE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007283224705171">987007283224705171</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_della_Dieta_nazionale_del_Giappone" title="Biblioteca della Dieta nazionale del Giappone">NDL</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="giapponese">JA</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00562220">00562220</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-grow: 1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}</style><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asclepius_staff.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Medicina"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Asclepius_staff.svg/13px-Asclepius_staff.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Asclepius_staff.svg/19px-Asclepius_staff.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Asclepius_staff.svg/25px-Asclepius_staff.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="995" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Medicina" title="Portale:Medicina">Portale Medicina</a></b>: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che trattano di medicina</div></div></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐gbbp4 Cached time: 20241124070841 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.581 seconds Real time usage: 0.817 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3124/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 50053/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1085/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 13/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 31717/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.387/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7407363/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 11/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 738.368 1 -total 38.60% 285.029 1 Template:Malattia 23.85% 176.073 1 Template:Infobox 20.93% 154.569 1 Template:Collegamenti_esterni 15.32% 113.132 12 Template:Wikidata 14.16% 104.530 10 Template:Controllo_Wikidata 6.08% 44.910 9 Template:Cita_web 5.57% 41.150 2 Template:Vedi_anche 5.46% 40.330 2 Template:... 4.29% 31.654 1 Template:Portale --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key itwiki:pcache:idhash:8727100-0!canonical and timestamp 20241124070841 and revision id 140823093. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Estratto da "<a dir="ltr" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neoplasia_maligna&oldid=140823093">https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neoplasia_maligna&oldid=140823093</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Categorie" title="Categoria:Categorie">Categoria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Neoplasie_maligne" title="Categoria:Neoplasie maligne">Neoplasie maligne</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorie nascoste: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P138_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P138 letta da Wikidata">P138 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P563_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P563 letta da Wikidata">P563 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P494_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P494 letta da Wikidata">P494 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P604_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P604 letta da Wikidata">P604 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P1995_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P1995 letta da Wikidata">P1995 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P828_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P828 letta da Wikidata">P828 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Aggiungere_sezioni_-_medicina" title="Categoria:Aggiungere sezioni - medicina">Aggiungere sezioni - medicina</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P10022_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P10022 letta da Wikidata">P10022 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P1417_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P1417 letta da Wikidata">P1417 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P5395_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P5395 letta da Wikidata">P5395 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P3123_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P3123 letta da Wikidata">P3123 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P3847_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P3847 letta da Wikidata">P3847 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_Thesaurus_BNCF" title="Categoria:Voci con codice Thesaurus BNCF">Voci con codice Thesaurus BNCF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_LCCN" title="Categoria:Voci con codice LCCN">Voci con codice LCCN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_GND" title="Categoria:Voci con codice GND">Voci con codice GND</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_BNE" title="Categoria:Voci con codice BNE">Voci con codice BNE</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_BNF" title="Categoria:Voci con codice BNF">Voci con codice BNF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_J9U" title="Categoria:Voci con codice J9U">Voci con codice J9U</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_NDL" title="Categoria:Voci con codice NDL">Voci con codice NDL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_non_biografiche_con_codici_di_controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Categoria:Voci non biografiche con codici di controllo di autorità">Voci non biografiche con codici di controllo di autorità</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Questa pagina è stata modificata per l'ultima volta il 27 ago 2024 alle 11:12.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Il testo è disponibile secondo la <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.it">licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione-Condividi allo stesso modo</a>; possono applicarsi condizioni ulteriori. 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