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<span>Description</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Occurrence_and_origin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Occurrence_and_origin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Occurrence and origin</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Occurrence_and_origin-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Occurrence and origin subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Occurrence_and_origin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_dolomite_problem_and_primary_dolomite" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_dolomite_problem_and_primary_dolomite"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>The dolomite problem and primary dolomite</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_dolomite_problem_and_primary_dolomite-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dedolomitization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dedolomitization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Dedolomitization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dedolomitization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caves_in_dolomite_rock" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caves_in_dolomite_rock"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Caves in dolomite rock</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Caves_in_dolomite_rock-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Caves in dolomite rock subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Caves_in_dolomite_rock-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dolomite_speleothems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dolomite_speleothems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Dolomite speleothems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dolomite_speleothems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External 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Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolomitstoa" title="Dolomitstoa – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Dolomitstoa" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolomia" title="Dolomia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dolomia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolomit_(hornina)" title="Dolomit (hornina) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dolomit (hornina)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolomit_(bjergart)" title="Dolomit (bjergart) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Dolomit (bjergart)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolomit_(Gestein)" title="Dolomit (Gestein) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dolomit (Gestein)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolokivi" title="Dolokivi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Dolokivi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolom%C3%ADa" title="Dolomía – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dolomía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA_(%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF)" title="دولومیت (سنگ) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دولومیت (سنگ)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolomie" title="Dolomie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dolomie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolom%C3%ADa" title="Dolomía – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Dolomía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%ED%9A%8C%EC%95%94" title="고회암 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="고회암" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolostone" title="Dolostone – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dolostone" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolomia" title="Dolomia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dolomia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%98" title="דולומיט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דולומיט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolomit" title="Dolomit – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Dolomit" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolomitk%C5%91" title="Dolomitkő – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Dolomitkő" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolosteen" title="Dolosteen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dolosteen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%A6%E7%81%B0%E5%B2%A9" title="苦灰岩 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="苦灰岩" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolomia" title="Dolomia – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Dolomia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolomit" title="Dolomit – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Dolomit" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolomit_(ska%C5%82a)" title="Dolomit (skała) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dolomit (skała)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolomito" title="Dolomito – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dolomito" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolomit_(roc%C4%83)" title="Dolomit (rocă) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Dolomit (rocă)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolomit_(hornina)" title="Dolomit (hornina) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dolomit (hornina)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolomit" title="Dolomit – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dolomit" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%82_(%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0)" title="Доломіт (гірська порода) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Доломіт (гірська порода)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BA%91%E5%B2%A9" title="白云岩 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="白云岩" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1134814#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> 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searchaux" style="display:none">Sedimentary carbonate rock that contains a high percentage of the mineral dolomite</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:7092_pieskovna_Dolinka_pri_Hradisti_pod_Vratnom_dolomit.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/7092_pieskovna_Dolinka_pri_Hradisti_pod_Vratnom_dolomit.JPG/260px-7092_pieskovna_Dolinka_pri_Hradisti_pod_Vratnom_dolomit.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="347" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/7092_pieskovna_Dolinka_pri_Hradisti_pod_Vratnom_dolomit.JPG/390px-7092_pieskovna_Dolinka_pri_Hradisti_pod_Vratnom_dolomit.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/7092_pieskovna_Dolinka_pri_Hradisti_pod_Vratnom_dolomit.JPG/520px-7092_pieskovna_Dolinka_pri_Hradisti_pod_Vratnom_dolomit.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a><figcaption>Triassic dolomitic rocks from <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canadian_Horseshoe_Falls_with_city_of_Niagara_Falls,_Ontario_in_background.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Canadian_Horseshoe_Falls_with_city_of_Niagara_Falls%2C_Ontario_in_background.jpg/220px-Canadian_Horseshoe_Falls_with_city_of_Niagara_Falls%2C_Ontario_in_background.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Canadian_Horseshoe_Falls_with_city_of_Niagara_Falls%2C_Ontario_in_background.jpg/330px-Canadian_Horseshoe_Falls_with_city_of_Niagara_Falls%2C_Ontario_in_background.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Canadian_Horseshoe_Falls_with_city_of_Niagara_Falls%2C_Ontario_in_background.jpg/440px-Canadian_Horseshoe_Falls_with_city_of_Niagara_Falls%2C_Ontario_in_background.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Erosion of dolomite over weaker shale created the <a href="/wiki/Niagara_Escarpment" title="Niagara Escarpment">Niagara Escarpment</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sthenarocalymene_celebra_-_Arthropoda,_Trilobita,_Polymerida,_Calymenidae_-_Silurian_-_Ohio,_USA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Sthenarocalymene_celebra_-_Arthropoda%2C_Trilobita%2C_Polymerida%2C_Calymenidae_-_Silurian_-_Ohio%2C_USA.jpg/220px-Sthenarocalymene_celebra_-_Arthropoda%2C_Trilobita%2C_Polymerida%2C_Calymenidae_-_Silurian_-_Ohio%2C_USA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Sthenarocalymene_celebra_-_Arthropoda%2C_Trilobita%2C_Polymerida%2C_Calymenidae_-_Silurian_-_Ohio%2C_USA.jpg/330px-Sthenarocalymene_celebra_-_Arthropoda%2C_Trilobita%2C_Polymerida%2C_Calymenidae_-_Silurian_-_Ohio%2C_USA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Sthenarocalymene_celebra_-_Arthropoda%2C_Trilobita%2C_Polymerida%2C_Calymenidae_-_Silurian_-_Ohio%2C_USA.jpg/440px-Sthenarocalymene_celebra_-_Arthropoda%2C_Trilobita%2C_Polymerida%2C_Calymenidae_-_Silurian_-_Ohio%2C_USA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Trilobite" title="Trilobite">Trilobite</a> fossil preserved as an internal cast in <a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">Silurian</a> dolomite from southwestern Ohio, US</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cirque_de_Mour%C3%A8ze,_H%C3%A9rault_32.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Cirque_de_Mour%C3%A8ze%2C_H%C3%A9rault_32.jpg/220px-Cirque_de_Mour%C3%A8ze%2C_H%C3%A9rault_32.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Cirque_de_Mour%C3%A8ze%2C_H%C3%A9rault_32.jpg/330px-Cirque_de_Mour%C3%A8ze%2C_H%C3%A9rault_32.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Cirque_de_Mour%C3%A8ze%2C_H%C3%A9rault_32.jpg/440px-Cirque_de_Mour%C3%A8ze%2C_H%C3%A9rault_32.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4280" data-file-height="2675" /></a><figcaption>Erosion of dolomitic rocks in <a href="/wiki/Mour%C3%A8ze" title="Mourèze">Mourèze</a>, Hérault, France</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Dolomite</b> (also known as <b>dolomite rock</b>, <b>dolostone</b> or <b>dolomitic rock</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Sedimentary_rock" title="Sedimentary rock">sedimentary</a> <a href="/wiki/Carbonate_rock" title="Carbonate rock">carbonate rock</a> that contains a high percentage of the <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineral</a> <a href="/wiki/Dolomite_(mineral)" title="Dolomite (mineral)">dolomite</a>, CaMg(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>. It occurs widely, often in association with <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Evaporite" title="Evaporite">evaporites</a>, though it is less abundant than limestone and rare in <a href="/wiki/Cenozoic" title="Cenozoic">Cenozoic</a> rock beds (beds less than about 66 million years in age). One of the first geologists to distinguish dolomite from limestone was Déodat Gratet de Dolomieu; a French mineralogist and geologist whom it is named after. He recognized and described the distinct characteristics of dolomite in the late 18th century, differentiating it from limestone. </p><p>Most dolomite was formed as a magnesium replacement of limestone or of <a href="/wiki/Lime_(mineral)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lime (mineral)">lime</a> mud before <a href="/wiki/Lithification" title="Lithification">lithification</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The geological process of conversion of <a href="/wiki/Calcite" title="Calcite">calcite</a> to dolomite is known as <a href="/wiki/Dolomitization" title="Dolomitization">dolomitization</a> and any intermediate product is known as <b>dolomitic limestone</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Geology_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geology-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "dolomite problem" refers to the vast worldwide depositions of dolomite in the past geologic record in contrast to the limited amounts of dolomite formed in modern times.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recent research has revealed sulfate-reducing bacteria living in anoxic conditions precipitate dolomite which indicates that some past dolomite deposits may be due to microbial activity.<sup id="cite_ref-VasconcelosEtal_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VasconcelosEtal-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PetrashEtal_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PetrashEtal-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dolomite is resistant to <a href="/wiki/Erosion" title="Erosion">erosion</a> and can either contain <a href="/wiki/Bed_(geology)" title="Bed (geology)">bedded layers</a> or be unbedded. It is less soluble than limestone in weakly <a href="/wiki/Acidic" class="mw-redirect" title="Acidic">acidic</a> <a href="/wiki/Groundwater" title="Groundwater">groundwater</a>, but it can still develop solution features (<a href="/wiki/Karst" title="Karst">karst</a>) over time. Dolomite rock can act as an oil and natural gas reservoir. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolomite_(rock)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dolomite takes its name from the 18th-century French <a href="/wiki/Mineralogy" title="Mineralogy">mineralogist</a> <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9odat_Gratet_de_Dolomieu" title="Déodat Gratet de Dolomieu">Déodat Gratet de Dolomieu</a> (1750–1801), who was one of the first to describe the mineral.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term <i>dolomite</i> refers to both the calcium-magnesium carbonate mineral and to sedimentary rock formed predominantly of this mineral. The term <i>dolostone</i> was introduced in 1948 to avoid confusion between the two. However, the usage of the term <i>dolostone</i> is controversial, because the name <i>dolomite</i> was first applied to the rock during the late 18th century and thus has technical precedence. The use of the term <i>dolostone</i> was not recommended by the <i>Glossary of Geology</i> published by the <a href="/wiki/American_Geological_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="American Geological Institute">American Geological Institute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Glossary2005_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glossary2005-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In old <a href="/wiki/USGS" class="mw-redirect" title="USGS">USGS</a> publications, dolomite was referred to as <i>magnesian <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a></i>, a term now reserved for <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a>-deficient dolomites or magnesium-rich limestones. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolomite_(rock)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dolomite rock is defined as <a href="/wiki/Sedimentary_rock" title="Sedimentary rock">sedimentary</a> <a href="/wiki/Carbonate_rock" title="Carbonate rock">carbonate rock</a> composed of more than 50% mineral <a href="/wiki/Dolomite_(mineral)" title="Dolomite (mineral)">dolomite</a>. Dolomite is characterized by its nearly ideal 1:1 <a href="/wiki/Stoichiometric_ratio" class="mw-redirect" title="Stoichiometric ratio">stoichiometric ratio</a> of magnesium to calcium. It is distinct from high-magnesium limestone in that the magnesium and calcium form ordered layers within the individual dolomite mineral grains, rather than being arranged at random, as they are in high-magnesium calcite grains.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In natural dolomite, magnesium is typically between 44 and 50 percent of total magnesium plus calcium, indicating some substitution of calcium into the magnesium layers. A small amount of <a href="/wiki/Ferrous_iron" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrous iron">ferrous iron</a> typically substitutes for magnesium, particularly in more ancient dolomites.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carbonate rock tends to be either almost all calcite or almost all dolomite, with intermediate compositions being quite uncommon.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlattTracy1996318_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlattTracy1996318-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dolomite outcrops are recognized in the <a href="/wiki/Field_work" class="mw-redirect" title="Field work">field</a> by their softness (mineral dolomite has a Mohs hardness of 4 or less, well below common silicate minerals) and because dolomite bubbles feebly when a drop of dilute <a href="/wiki/Hydrochloric_acid" title="Hydrochloric acid">hydrochloric acid</a> is dropped on it. This distinguishes dolomite from limestone, which is also soft but reacts vigorously with dilute hydrochloric acid. Dolomite usually weathers to a characteristic dull yellow-brown color due to the presence of ferrous iron. This is released and oxidized as the dolomite weathers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlattTracy1996295_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlattTracy1996295-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dolomite is usually granular in appearance, with a <a href="/wiki/Texture_(geology)" title="Texture (geology)">texture</a> resembling grains of <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoggs2006167–168_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoggs2006167–168-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the microscope, <a href="/wiki/Thin_section" title="Thin section">thin sections</a> of dolomite usually show individual grains that are well-shaped <a href="/wiki/Rhombohedron" title="Rhombohedron">rhombs</a>, with considerable pore space. As a result, subsurface dolomite is generally more porous than subsurface limestone and makes up 80% of carbonate rock <a href="/wiki/Petroleum_reservoir" title="Petroleum reservoir">petroleum reservoirs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlattMiddletonMurray1980529–530_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlattMiddletonMurray1980529–530-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This texture contrasts with limestone, which is usually a mixture of grains, micrite (very fine-grained carbonate mud) and sparry cement. The optical properties of calcite and mineral dolomite are difficult to distinguish, but calcite almost never crystallizes as regular rhombs, and calcite is stained by <a href="/wiki/Alizarin_Red_S" title="Alizarin Red S">Alizarin Red S</a> while dolomite grains are not.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlattTracy1996319_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlattTracy1996319-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dolomite rock consisting of well-formed grains with planar surfaces is described as <i>planar</i> or <i>idiotopic</i> dolomite, while dolomite consisting of poorly-formed grains with irregular surfaces is described as <i>nonplanar</i> or <i>xenotopic</i> dolomite.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoggs2006167–168_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoggs2006167–168-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The latter likely forms by recrystallization of existing dolomite at elevated temperature (over 50 to 100 °C (122 to 212 °F)).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlattTracy1996319_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlattTracy1996319-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The texture of dolomite often shows that it is secondary, formed by replacement of calcium by magnesium in limestone. The preservation of the original limestone texture can range from almost perfectly preserved to completely destroyed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoggs2006168_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoggs2006168-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under a microscope, dolomite rhombs are sometimes seen to replace <a href="/wiki/Oolite" title="Oolite">oolites</a> or skeletal particles of the original limestone.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlattMiddletonMurray1980512–513_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlattMiddletonMurray1980512–513-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is sometimes selective replacement of fossils, with the fossil remaining mostly calcite and the surrounding matrix composed of dolomite grains. Sometimes dolomite rhombs are seen cut across the fossil outline. However, some dolomite shows no textural indications that it was formed by replacement of limestone.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlattTracy1996319_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlattTracy1996319-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Occurrence_and_origin">Occurrence and origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolomite_(rock)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Occurrence and origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Dolomitization" title="Dolomitization">Dolomitization</a></div> <p>Dolomite is widespread in its occurrences, though not as common as limestone.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoggs2006169_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoggs2006169-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is typically found in association with limestone or <a href="/wiki/Evaporite" title="Evaporite">evaporite</a> beds and is often <a href="/wiki/Interbedded" class="mw-redirect" title="Interbedded">interbedded</a> with limestone.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoggs2006182_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoggs2006182-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is no consistent trend in its abundance with age, but most dolomite appears to have formed at high stands of sea level. Little dolomite is found in <a href="/wiki/Cenozoic" title="Cenozoic">Cenozoic</a> beds (beds less than 65 million years old), which has been a time of generally low sea levels.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlattTracy1996317–318_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlattTracy1996317–318-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Times of high sea level also tend to be times of a <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_Earth" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenhouse Earth">greenhouse Earth</a>, and it is possible that greenhouse conditions are the trigger for dolomite formation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoggs2006187–188_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoggs2006187–188-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many dolomites show clear textural indications that they are secondary dolomites, formed by replacement of limestone. However, although much research has gone into understanding this process of <i>dolomitization</i>, the process remains poorly understood. There are also fine-grained dolomites showing no textural indications that they formed by replacement, and it is uncertain whether they formed by replacement of limestone that left no textural traces or are true primary dolomites. This <i>dolomite problem</i> was first recognized over two centuries ago but is still not fully resolved.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoggs2006182_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoggs2006182-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The dolomitization reaction </p> <dl><dd><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1123817410">.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su{display:inline-block;font-size:80%;line-height:1;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su>span{display:block;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output sub.template-chem2-sub{font-size:80%;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output sup.template-chem2-sup{font-size:80%;vertical-align:0.65em}</style><span class="chemf nowrap">2CaCO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub> + Mg<sup>2+</sup> → CaMg(CO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub> + Ca<sup>2+</sup></span></dd></dl> <p>is thermodynamically favorable, with a <a href="/wiki/Gibbs_free_energy" title="Gibbs free energy">Gibbs free energy</a> of about -2.2 kcal/mol. In theory, ordinary <a href="/wiki/Seawater" title="Seawater">seawater</a> contains sufficient dissolved magnesium to cause dolomitization. However, because of the very slow rate of diffusion of ions in solid mineral grains at ordinary temperatures, the process can occur only by simultaneous dissolution of calcite and crystallization of dolomite. This in turn requires that large volumes of magnesium-bearing fluids are flushed through the pore space in the dolomitizing limestone.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlattMiddletonMurray1980518–519_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlattMiddletonMurray1980518–519-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several processes have been proposed for dolomitization. </p><p>The hypersaline model (also known as the evaporative reflux model<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlattTracy1996321_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlattTracy1996321-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is based on the observation that dolomite is very commonly found in association with limestone and <a href="/wiki/Evaporite" title="Evaporite">evaporites</a>, with the limestone often interbedded with the dolomite. According to this model, dolomitization takes place in a closed basin where seawater is subject to high rates of evaporation. This results in precipitation of <a href="/wiki/Gypsum" title="Gypsum">gypsum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aragonite" title="Aragonite">aragonite</a>, raising the magnesium to calcium ratio of the remaining brine. The brine is also dense, so it sinks into the pore space of any underlying limestone (<i>seepage refluxion</i>), flushing out the existing pore fluid and causing dolomitization. The <a href="/wiki/Permian_Basin_(North_America)" title="Permian Basin (North America)">Permian Basin</a> of North America has been put forward as an example of an environment in which this process took place.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlattTracy1996321_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlattTracy1996321-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A variant of this model has been proposed for <a href="/wiki/Sabkha" title="Sabkha">sabkha</a> environments in which brine is sucked up into the dolomitizing limestone by evaporation of capillary fluids, a process called <i>evaporative pumping</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlattTracy1996321_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlattTracy1996321-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another model is the mixing-zone or Dorag model, in which <a href="/wiki/Meteoric_water" title="Meteoric water">meteoric water</a> mixes with seawater already present in the pore space, increasing the chemical activity of magnesium relative to calcium and causing dolomitization. The formation of <a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a> dolomite reefs in <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a> has been attributed to this process. However, this model has been heavily criticized,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoggs2006185–186_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoggs2006185–186-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with one 2004 review paper describing it bluntly as "a myth".<sup id="cite_ref-machel-2004_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-machel-2004-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2021 paper argued that the mixing zone serves as domain of intense microbial activity which promotes dolomitization.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A third model postulates that normal seawater is the dolomitizing fluid, and the necessary large volumes are flushed through the dolomitizing limestone through tidal pumping. Dolomite formation at <a href="/wiki/Sugarloaf_Key" title="Sugarloaf Key">Sugarloaf Key</a>, Florida, may be an example of this process. A similar process might occur during rises in sea level, as large volumes of water move through limestone platform rock.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoggs2006186–187_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoggs2006186–187-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Regardless of the mechanism of dolomitization, the tendency of carbonate rock to be either almost all calcite or almost all dolomite suggests that, once the process is started, it completes rapidly.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlattMiddletonMurray1980517–518_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlattMiddletonMurray1980517–518-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The process likely occurs at shallow depths of burial, under 100 meters (330 ft), where there is an inexhaustible supply of magnesium-rich seawater and the original limestone is more likely to be porous. On the other hand, dolomitization can proceed rapidly at the greater temperatures characterizing deeper burial, if a mechanism exists to flush magnesium-bearing fluids through the beds.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlattTracy1996322–323_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlattTracy1996322–323-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mineral dolomite has a 12% to 13% smaller volume than calcite per alkali cation. Thus dolomitization likely increases porosity and contributes to the sugary texture of dolomite.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlattMiddletonMurray1980529–530_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlattMiddletonMurray1980529–530-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_dolomite_problem_and_primary_dolomite">The dolomite problem and primary dolomite</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolomite_(rock)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The dolomite problem and primary dolomite"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dolomite is supersaturated in normal seawater by a factor of greater than ten, but dolomite is not seen to precipitate in the oceans. Likewise, geologists have not been successful at precipitating dolomite from seawater at normal temperatures and pressures in laboratory experiments. This is likely due to a very high <a href="/wiki/Activation_energy" title="Activation energy">activation energy</a> for <a href="/wiki/Nucleating" class="mw-redirect" title="Nucleating">nucleating</a> crystals of dolomite.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlattTracy1996323_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlattTracy1996323-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The magnesium ion is a relatively small ion, and it acquires a tightly bound <a href="/wiki/Hydration_shell" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydration shell">hydration shell</a> when dissolved in water. In other words, the magnesium ion is surrounded by a clump of water molecules that are strongly attracted to its positive charge. Calcium is a larger ion and this reduces the strength of binding of its hydration shell, so it is much easier for a calcium ion than a magnesium ion to shed its hydration shell and bind to a growing crystal. It is also more difficult to nucleate a seed crystal of ordered dolomite than disordered high-magnesium calcite. As a result, attempts to precipitate dolomite from seawater precipitate high-magnesium calcite instead. This substance, which has an excess of calcium over magnesium and lacks calcium-magnesium ordering, is sometimes called <i> protodolomite</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlattTracy1996323_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlattTracy1996323-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Raising the temperature makes it easier for magnesium to shed its hydration shell, and dolomite can be precipitated from seawater at temperatures in excess of 60 °C (140 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoggs2006182–183_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoggs2006182–183-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Protodolomite also rapidly converts to dolomite at temperatures of 250 °C (482 °F) or higher.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlattMiddletonMurray1980510–511_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlattMiddletonMurray1980510–511-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The high temperatures necessary for the formation of dolomite helps explain the rarity of Cenozoic dolomites, since Cenozoic seawater temperatures seldom exceeded 40 °C.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is possible that microorganisms are capable of precipitating primary dolomite.<sup id="cite_ref-PetrashEtal_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PetrashEtal-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was first demonstrated in samples collected at <a href="/wiki/Lagoa_Vermelha" title="Lagoa Vermelha">Lagoa Vermelha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a><sup id="cite_ref-VasconcelosEtal_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VasconcelosEtal-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in association with <a href="/wiki/Sulfate-reducing_bacteria" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulfate-reducing bacteria">sulfate-reducing bacteria</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Desulfovibrio" title="Desulfovibrio">Desulfovibrio</a></i>), leading to the hypothesis that <a href="/wiki/Sulfate_ion" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulfate ion">sulfate ion</a> inhibits dolomite nucleation. Later laboratory experiments suggest bacteria can precipitate dolomite independently of the sulfate concentration.<sup id="cite_ref-SanchezRomanEtal_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SanchezRomanEtal-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With time other pathways of interaction between microbial activity and dolomite formation have been added to the discord regarding their role in modulation and generation of <a href="/wiki/Polysaccharides" class="mw-redirect" title="Polysaccharides">polysaccharides</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">manganese</a><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">zinc</a><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> within the porewater. Meanwhile, a contrary view held by other researchers is that microorganisms precipitate only high-magnesium calcite but leave open the question of whether this can lead to precipitation of dolomite.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dedolomitization">Dedolomitization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolomite_(rock)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Dedolomitization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dolomitization can sometimes be reversed, and a dolomite bed converted back to limestone. This is indicated by a texture of <a href="/wiki/Pseudomorph" title="Pseudomorph">pseudomorphs</a> of mineral dolomite that have been replaced with calcite. Dedolomitized limestone is typically associated with gypsum or oxidized <a href="/wiki/Pyrite" title="Pyrite">pyrite</a>, and dedolomitization is thought to occur at very shallow depths through infiltration of surface water with a very high ratio of calcium to magnesium. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlattMiddletonMurray1980531–532_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlattMiddletonMurray1980531–532-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolomite_(rock)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saaremaa_dolomiit_1994_(04).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Saaremaa_dolomiit_1994_%2804%29.jpg/220px-Saaremaa_dolomiit_1994_%2804%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Saaremaa_dolomiit_1994_%2804%29.jpg/330px-Saaremaa_dolomiit_1994_%2804%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Saaremaa_dolomiit_1994_%2804%29.jpg/440px-Saaremaa_dolomiit_1994_%2804%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1888" data-file-height="1246" /></a><figcaption>Cutting dolomite in 1994. <a href="/wiki/Saaremaa" title="Saaremaa">Saaremaa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Dolomite is used for many of the same purposes as limestone, including as <a href="/wiki/Construction_aggregate" title="Construction aggregate">construction aggregate</a>; in agriculture to neutralize soil acidity and supply calcium and magnesium; as a source of <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a>; as <a href="/wiki/Dimension_stone" title="Dimension stone">dimension stone</a>; as a <a href="/wiki/Filler_(materials)" title="Filler (materials)">filler</a> in fertilizers and other products; as a flux in <a href="/wiki/Metallurgy" title="Metallurgy">metallurgy</a>; and in <a href="/wiki/Glass_manufacturing" class="mw-redirect" title="Glass manufacturing">glass manufacturing</a>. It cannot substitute for limestone in chemical processes that require a high-calcium limestone, such as manufacture of <a href="/wiki/Sodium_carbonate" title="Sodium carbonate">sodium carbonate</a>. Dolomite is used for production of magnesium chemicals, such as <a href="/wiki/Epsom_salt" class="mw-redirect" title="Epsom salt">Epsom salt</a>, and is used as a magnesium supplement.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also used in the manufacture of <a href="/wiki/Refractory_materials" class="mw-redirect" title="Refractory materials">refractory materials</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Caves_in_dolomite_rock">Caves in dolomite rock</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolomite_(rock)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Caves in dolomite rock"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As with limestone <a href="/wiki/Cave" title="Cave">caves</a>, natural caves and solution tubes typically form in dolomite rock as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_(chemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissolution (chemistry)">dissolution</a> by weak carbonic acid.<sup id="cite_ref-Hill&Forti1997_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hill&Forti1997-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-White&Culver2005_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White&Culver2005-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Caves can also, less commonly, form through dissolution of rock by <a href="/wiki/Sulfuric_acid" title="Sulfuric acid">sulfuric acid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Calcium_carbonate" title="Calcium carbonate">Calcium carbonate</a> <a href="/wiki/Speleothem" title="Speleothem">speleothems</a> (secondary deposits) in the forms of <a href="/wiki/Stalactite" title="Stalactite">stalactites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stalagmite" title="Stalagmite">stalagmites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flowstone" title="Flowstone">flowstone</a> etc., can also form in caves within dolomite rock. “Dolomite is a common rock type, but a relatively uncommon mineral in speleothems”.<sup id="cite_ref-Hill&Forti1997_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hill&Forti1997-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both the 'Union Internationale de Spéléologie' (UIS) and the American 'National Speleological Society' (NSS), extensively use in their publications, the terms "dolomite" or "dolomite rock" when referring to the natural bedrock containing a high percentage of CaMg(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> in which natural caves or solution tubes have formed.<sup id="cite_ref-Hill&Forti1997_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hill&Forti1997-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Culver&White_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Culver&White-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dolomite_speleothems">Dolomite speleothems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolomite_(rock)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Dolomite speleothems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Both calcium and magnesium go into solution when dolomite rock is dissolved. The <a href="/wiki/Speleothem" title="Speleothem">speleothem</a> precipitation sequence is: <a href="/wiki/Calcite" title="Calcite">calcite</a>, Mg-calcite, <a href="/wiki/Aragonite" title="Aragonite">aragonite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huntite" title="Huntite">huntite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hydromagnesite" title="Hydromagnesite">hydromagnesite</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hill&Forti1997_45-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hill&Forti1997-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Culver&White_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Culver&White-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hence, the most common speleothem (secondary deposit) in caves within dolomite rock <a href="/wiki/Karst" title="Karst">karst</a>, is calcium carbonate in the most stable <a href="/wiki/Polymorphism_(materials_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Polymorphism (materials science)">polymorph</a> form of calcite. Speleothem types known to have a dolomite constituent include: coatings, crusts, <a href="/wiki/Moonmilk" title="Moonmilk">moonmilk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flowstone" title="Flowstone">flowstone</a>, coralloids, powder, spar and rafts.<sup id="cite_ref-Hill&Forti1997_45-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hill&Forti1997-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although there are reports of dolomite speleothems known to exist in a number of caves around the world, they are usually in relatively small quantities and form in very fine-grained deposits.<sup id="cite_ref-Hill&Forti1997_45-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hill&Forti1997-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Culver&White_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Culver&White-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolomite_(rock)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diagenesis" title="Diagenesis">Diagenesis</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolomite_(rock)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFZengerMazzullo1982" class="citation book cs1">Zenger, D. 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"Formation of ordered dolomite in anaerobic photosynthetic biofilms". <i><a href="/wiki/Geology_(journal)" title="Geology (journal)">Geology</a></i>. <b>47</b> (6): 509–512. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019Geo....47..509D">2019Geo....47..509D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1130%2FG45821.1">10.1130/G45821.1</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1%2F126802">1721.1/126802</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146426700">146426700</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geology&rft.atitle=Formation+of+ordered+dolomite+in+anaerobic+photosynthetic+biofilms&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=509-512&rft.date=2019-06-01&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1721.1%2F126802&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A146426700%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1130%2FG45821.1&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2019Geo....47..509D&rft.aulast=Daye&rft.aufirst=Mirna&rft.au=Higgins%2C+John&rft.au=Bosak%2C+Tanja&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolomite+%28rock%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiBialikWangYang2019" class="citation journal cs1">Li, Weiqiang; Bialik, Or M.; Wang, Xiaomin; Yang, Tao; Hu, Zhongya; Huang, Qingyu; Zhao, Shugao; Waldmann, Nicolas D. 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"Effects of early diagenesis on Mg isotopes in dolomite: The roles of Mn(IV)-reduction and recrystallization". <i><a href="/wiki/Geochimica_et_Cosmochimica_Acta" title="Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta">Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta</a></i>. <b>250</b>: 1–17. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019GeCoA.250....1L">2019GeCoA.250....1L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.gca.2019.01.029">10.1016/j.gca.2019.01.029</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:134838668">134838668</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta&rft.atitle=Effects+of+early+diagenesis+on+Mg+isotopes+in+dolomite%3A+The+roles+of+Mn%28IV%29-reduction+and+recrystallization&rft.volume=250&rft.pages=1-17&rft.date=2019-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A134838668%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.gca.2019.01.029&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2019GeCoA.250....1L&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Weiqiang&rft.au=Bialik%2C+Or+M.&rft.au=Wang%2C+Xiaomin&rft.au=Yang%2C+Tao&rft.au=Hu%2C+Zhongya&rft.au=Huang%2C+Qingyu&rft.au=Zhao%2C+Shugao&rft.au=Waldmann%2C+Nicolas+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolomite+%28rock%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVandeginsteSnellHallSteer2019" class="citation journal cs1">Vandeginste, Veerle; Snell, Oliver; Hall, Matthew R.; Steer, Elisabeth; Vandeginste, Arne (December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6478858">"Acceleration of dolomitization by zinc in saline waters"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_Communications" title="Nature Communications">Nature Communications</a></i>. <b>10</b> (1): 1851. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019NatCo..10.1851V">2019NatCo..10.1851V</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41467-019-09870-y">10.1038/s41467-019-09870-y</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6478858">6478858</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31015437">31015437</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Communications&rft.atitle=Acceleration+of+dolomitization+by+zinc+in+saline+waters&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1851&rft.date=2019-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6478858%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31015437&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41467-019-09870-y&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2019NatCo..10.1851V&rft.aulast=Vandeginste&rft.aufirst=Veerle&rft.au=Snell%2C+Oliver&rft.au=Hall%2C+Matthew+R.&rft.au=Steer%2C+Elisabeth&rft.au=Vandeginste%2C+Arne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6478858&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolomite+%28rock%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreggBishKaczmarekMachel2015" class="citation journal cs1">Gregg, Jay M.; Bish, David L.; Kaczmarek, Stephen E.; Machel, Hans G. (October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fsed.12202">"Mineralogy, nucleation and growth of dolomite in the laboratory and sedimentary environment: A review"</a>. <i>Sedimentology</i>. <b>62</b> (6): 1749–1769. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fsed.12202">10.1111/sed.12202</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:130135125">130135125</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sedimentology&rft.atitle=Mineralogy%2C+nucleation+and+growth+of+dolomite+in+the+laboratory+and+sedimentary+environment%3A+A+review&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1749-1769&rft.date=2015-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fsed.12202&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A130135125%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Gregg&rft.aufirst=Jay+M.&rft.au=Bish%2C+David+L.&rft.au=Kaczmarek%2C+Stephen+E.&rft.au=Machel%2C+Hans+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fsed.12202&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolomite+%28rock%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlattMiddletonMurray1980531–532-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlattMiddletonMurray1980531–532_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlattMiddletonMurray1980">Blatt, Middleton & Murray 1980</a>, pp. 531–532.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLamar1961" class="citation journal cs1">Lamar, J.E. (1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/bitstream/handle/2142/42725/usesoflimestoned321lama.pdf?sequence=2">"Uses of limestone and dolomite"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Illinois State Geological Survey Circular</i>. <b>321</b><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Illinois+State+Geological+Survey+Circular&rft.atitle=Uses+of+limestone+and+dolomite&rft.volume=321&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=Lamar&rft.aufirst=J.E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ideals.illinois.edu%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F2142%2F42725%2Fusesoflimestoned321lama.pdf%3Fsequence%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolomite+%28rock%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClancyBenson2009" class="citation book cs1">Clancy, T.A.; Benson, D.J. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XqVGQTIQh0gC&dq=uses+of+dolomite&pg=PA119">"Refractory Dolomite Raw Materials"</a>. <i>Raw Materials for Refractories Conference</i>. Vol. 38. John Wiley & Sons. p. 119. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780470320488" title="Special:BookSources/9780470320488"><bdi>9780470320488</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Refractory+Dolomite+Raw+Materials&rft.btitle=Raw+Materials+for+Refractories+Conference&rft.pages=119&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780470320488&rft.aulast=Clancy&rft.aufirst=T.A.&rft.au=Benson%2C+D.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXqVGQTIQh0gC%26dq%3Duses%2Bof%2Bdolomite%26pg%3DPA119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolomite+%28rock%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hill&Forti1997-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hill&Forti1997_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hill&Forti1997_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hill&Forti1997_45-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hill&Forti1997_45-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hill&Forti1997_45-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hill&Forti1997_45-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hill, C A and Forti, P, (1997). Cave Minerals of the World, Second editions. [Huntsville, Alabama: National Speleological Society Inc.] pp 14, 142, 143, 144 & 150, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-879961-07-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-879961-07-5">1-879961-07-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-White&Culver2005-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-White&Culver2005_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">White W.B and Culver D.C., (2005) Chapter "Caves, Definitions of", Encyclopedia of Caves, edited by Culver D.C and White W.B., <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-12-406061-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-12-406061-7">0-12-406061-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolyakProvencio2000" class="citation journal cs1">Polyak, Victor J.; Provencio, Paula (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242359913">"By-product materials related to H2S-H2SO4-influenced speleogenesis of Carlsbad, Lechuguilla, and other caves of the Guadalupe Mountains, New Mexico"</a>. <i>Journal of Cave and Karst Studies</i>. <b>63</b> (1): 23–32<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Cave+and+Karst+Studies&rft.atitle=By-product+materials+related+to+H2S-H2SO4-influenced+speleogenesis+of+Carlsbad%2C+Lechuguilla%2C+and+other+caves+of+the+Guadalupe+Mountains%2C+New+Mexico&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=23-32&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Polyak&rft.aufirst=Victor+J.&rft.au=Provencio%2C+Paula&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F242359913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolomite+%28rock%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Culver&White-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Culver&White_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Culver&White_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Culver&White_48-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Encyclopedia of Caves, (2005). Edited by Culver D.C and White W.B., <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-12-406061-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-12-406061-7">0-12-406061-7</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolomite_(rock)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlattTracy1996" class="citation book cs1">Blatt, Harvey; Tracy, Robert J. (1996). <i>Petrology; Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic</i> (2nd ed.). W. H. Freeman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7167-2438-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7167-2438-3"><bdi>0-7167-2438-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Petrology%3B+Igneous%2C+Sedimentary%2C+and+Metamorphic&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=W.+H.+Freeman&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-7167-2438-3&rft.aulast=Blatt&rft.aufirst=Harvey&rft.au=Tracy%2C+Robert+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolomite+%28rock%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTuckerV._P.1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Tucker" title="Maurice Tucker">Tucker, M. E.</a>; V. P., Wright (1990). <i>Carbonate Sedimentology</i>. Blackwell Scientific Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-632-01472-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-632-01472-5"><bdi>0-632-01472-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Carbonate+Sedimentology&rft.pub=Blackwell+Scientific+Publications&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-632-01472-5&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=M.+E.&rft.au=V.+P.%2C+Wright&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADolomite+%28rock%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolomite_(rock)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-dolomitic-limestone.htm">What is Dolomitic Limestone?</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rock_type" title="Template:Rock type"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rock_type" title="Template talk:Rock type"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rock_type" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rock type"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Types_of_rocks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Types of rocks</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Igneous_rock" title="Igneous rock">Igneous rock</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adakite" title="Adakite">Adakite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andesite" title="Andesite">Andesite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkali_feldspar_granite" title="Alkali feldspar granite">Alkali feldspar granite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anorthosite" title="Anorthosite">Anorthosite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aplite" title="Aplite">Aplite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">Basalt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alkali_basalt" title="Alkali basalt">Alkali basalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picrite_basalt" title="Picrite basalt">Picrite basalt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basaltic_trachyandesite" class="mw-redirect" title="Basaltic trachyandesite">Basaltic trachyandesite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mugearite" title="Mugearite">Mugearite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshonite" title="Shoshonite">Shoshonite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basanite" title="Basanite">Basanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blairmorite" title="Blairmorite">Blairmorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boninite" title="Boninite">Boninite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbonatite" title="Carbonatite">Carbonatite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charnockite" title="Charnockite">Charnockite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enderbite" title="Enderbite">Enderbite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacite" title="Dacite">Dacite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diabase" title="Diabase">Diabase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diorite" title="Diorite">Diorite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonite" title="Napoleonite">Napoleonite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunite" title="Dunite">Dunite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essexite" title="Essexite">Essexite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foidolite" title="Foidolite">Foidolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabbro" title="Gabbro">Gabbro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">Granite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granodiorite" title="Granodiorite">Granodiorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granophyre" title="Granophyre">Granophyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harzburgite" title="Harzburgite">Harzburgite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornblendite" title="Hornblendite">Hornblendite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyaloclastite" title="Hyaloclastite">Hyaloclastite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandite" title="Icelandite">Icelandite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignimbrite" title="Ignimbrite">Ignimbrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijolite" title="Ijolite">Ijolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimberlite" title="Kimberlite">Kimberlite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komatiite" title="Komatiite">Komatiite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamproite" title="Lamproite">Lamproite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamprophyre" title="Lamprophyre">Lamprophyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latite" title="Latite">Latite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lherzolite" title="Lherzolite">Lherzolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monzogranite" title="Monzogranite">Monzogranite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monzonite" title="Monzonite">Monzonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepheline_syenite" title="Nepheline syenite">Nepheline syenite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephelinite" title="Nephelinite">Nephelinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norite" title="Norite">Norite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsidian" title="Obsidian">Obsidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegmatite" title="Pegmatite">Pegmatite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peridotite" title="Peridotite">Peridotite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonolite" title="Phonolite">Phonolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonotephrite" title="Phonotephrite">Phonotephrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porphyry_(geology)" title="Porphyry (geology)">Porphyry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumice" title="Pumice">Pumice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyroxenite" title="Pyroxenite">Pyroxenite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartz_diorite" title="Quartz diorite">Quartz diorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartz_monzonite" title="Quartz monzonite">Quartz monzonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartzolite" title="Quartzolite">Quartzolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhyodacite" title="Rhyodacite">Rhyodacite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhyolite" title="Rhyolite">Rhyolite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comendite" title="Comendite">Comendite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantellerite" title="Pantellerite">Pantellerite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scoria" title="Scoria">Scoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shonkinite" title="Shonkinite">Shonkinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovite" title="Sovite">Sovite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syenite" title="Syenite">Syenite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachylyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Tachylyte">Tachylyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tephriphonolite" title="Tephriphonolite">Tephriphonolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tephrite" title="Tephrite">Tephrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonalite" title="Tonalite">Tonalite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trachyandesite" title="Trachyandesite">Trachyandesite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benmoreite" title="Benmoreite">Benmoreite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trachybasalt" title="Trachybasalt">Trachybasalt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiite" title="Hawaiite">Hawaiite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trachyte" title="Trachyte">Trachyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troctolite" title="Troctolite">Troctolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trondhjemite" title="Trondhjemite">Trondhjemite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuff" title="Tuff">Tuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Websterite" title="Websterite">Websterite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wehrlite" title="Wehrlite">Wehrlite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sedimentary_rock" title="Sedimentary rock">Sedimentary rock</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argillite" title="Argillite">Argillite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkose" title="Arkose">Arkose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banded_iron_formation" title="Banded iron formation">Banded iron formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breccia" title="Breccia">Breccia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcarenite" title="Calcarenite">Calcarenite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalk" title="Chalk">Chalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chert" title="Chert">Chert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claystone" class="mw-redirect" title="Claystone">Claystone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conglomerate_(geology)" title="Conglomerate (geology)">Conglomerate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coquina" title="Coquina">Coquina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamictite" title="Diamictite">Diamictite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diatomite" class="mw-redirect" title="Diatomite">Diatomite</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dolomite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evaporite" title="Evaporite">Evaporite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flint" title="Flint">Flint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geyserite" title="Geyserite">Geyserite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greywacke" title="Greywacke">Greywacke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gritstone" title="Gritstone">Gritstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itacolumite" title="Itacolumite">Itacolumite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaspillite" title="Jaspillite">Jaspillite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laterite" title="Laterite">Laterite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lignite" title="Lignite">Lignite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">Limestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumachelle" title="Lumachelle">Lumachelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marl" title="Marl">Marl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudstone" title="Mudstone">Mudstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_shale" title="Oil shale">Oil shale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oolite" title="Oolite">Oolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphorite" title="Phosphorite">Phosphorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">Sandstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shale" title="Shale">Shale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siltstone" title="Siltstone">Siltstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvinite" title="Sylvinite">Sylvinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tillite" class="mw-redirect" title="Tillite">Tillite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travertine" title="Travertine">Travertine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tufa" title="Tufa">Tufa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbidite" title="Turbidite">Turbidite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varve" title="Varve">Varve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wackestone" title="Wackestone">Wackestone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metamorphic_rock" title="Metamorphic rock">Metamorphic rock</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthracite" title="Anthracite">Anthracite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphibolite" title="Amphibolite">Amphibolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blueschist" title="Blueschist">Blueschist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cataclasite" title="Cataclasite">Cataclasite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclogite" title="Eclogite">Eclogite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gneiss" title="Gneiss">Gneiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granulite" title="Granulite">Granulite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenschist" title="Greenschist">Greenschist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornfels" title="Hornfels">Hornfels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calcflinta" title="Calcflinta">Calcflinta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itabirite" title="Itabirite">Itabirite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litchfieldite" title="Litchfieldite">Litchfieldite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marble" title="Marble">Marble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migmatite" title="Migmatite">Migmatite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mylonite" title="Mylonite">Mylonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapelite" class="mw-redirect" title="Metapelite">Metapelite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metapsammite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metapsammite (page does not exist)">Metapsammite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllite" title="Phyllite">Phyllite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudotachylite" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudotachylite">Pseudotachylite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartzite" title="Quartzite">Quartzite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schist" title="Schist">Schist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpentinite" title="Serpentinite">Serpentinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skarn" title="Skarn">Skarn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slate" title="Slate">Slate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suevite" title="Suevite">Suevite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talc_carbonate" title="Talc carbonate">Talc carbonate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soapstone" title="Soapstone">Soapstone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tectonite" title="Tectonite">Tectonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiteschist" title="Whiteschist">Whiteschist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specific varieties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adamellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Adamellite">Adamellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appinite" title="Appinite">Appinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aphanite" title="Aphanite">Aphanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borolanite" title="Borolanite">Borolanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larvikite" title="Larvikite">Blue Granite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidosite" title="Epidosite">Epidosite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felsite" title="Felsite">Felsite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flint" title="Flint">Flint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganister" title="Ganister">Ganister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gossan" title="Gossan">Gossan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyaloclastite" title="Hyaloclastite">Hyaloclastite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijolite" title="Ijolite">Ijolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jadeitite" title="Jadeitite">Jadeitite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasperoid" title="Jasperoid">Jasperoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyte" title="Kenyte">Kenyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapis_lazuli" title="Lapis lazuli">Lapis lazuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larvikite" title="Larvikite">Larvikite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litchfieldite" title="Litchfieldite">Litchfieldite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanite" title="Llanite">Llanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxullianite" title="Luxullianite">Luxullianite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangerite" title="Mangerite">Mangerite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novaculite" title="Novaculite">Novaculite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietersite" title="Pietersite">Pietersite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrolite" title="Pyrolite">Pyrolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapakivi_granite" title="Rapakivi granite">Rapakivi granite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhomb_porphyry" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhomb porphyry">Rhomb porphyry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodingite" title="Rodingite">Rodingite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shonkinite" title="Shonkinite">Shonkinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taconite" title="Taconite">Taconite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachylite" title="Tachylite">Tachylite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teschenite" title="Teschenite">Teschenite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theralite" title="Theralite">Theralite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unakite" title="Unakite">Unakite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variolite" title="Variolite">Variolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wad_(mineral)" title="Wad (mineral)">Wad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134814#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4150397-1">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Dolomite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85038887">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Dolomie"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12049619h">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Dolomie"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12049619h">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="dolomit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph119539&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007560208205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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