CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="af" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Shanghai - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )afwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","Januarie","Februarie","Maart","April","Mei","Junie","Julie","Augustus","September","Oktober","November","Desember"],"wgRequestId":"ef12a155-3b54-46d2-9c18-b836ae5511ef","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Shanghai","wgTitle":"Shanghai","wgCurRevisionId":2730360,"wgRevisionId":2730360,"wgArticleId":30959,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["AS1-bronne in Engels (VK) (en-gb)","AS1-bronne in Engels (VSA) (en-us)","AS1-bronne in Chinees (zh)","AS1-bronne in Engels (en)","CS1 maint: archived copy as title","Artikels met teks in Chinees","Artikels met BIBSYS-identifiseerders","Artikels met BNE-identifiseerders","Artikels met BNF-identifiseerders","Artikels met GND-identifiseerders","Artikels met ISNI-identifiseerders","Artikels met LCCN-identifiseerders","Artikels met MusicBrainz area-identifiseerders","Artikels met NARA-identifiseerders","Artikels met NDL-identifiseerders","Artikels met NKC-identifiseerders","Artikels met NLA-identifiseerders","Artikels met SUDOC-identifiseerders","Artikels met VIAF-identifiseerders","Artikels met WorldCat-VIAF-identifiseerders","Normdata met 13 elemente","Voorbladartikels","AS1 met skrip van 'n vreemde taal (zh)","AS1-bronne in Chinese (China) (zh-cn)","AS1-bronne in Simplified Chinese (zh-hans)","Kusstede","Nedersettings in die Volksrepubliek China"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"af","wgPageContentLanguage":"af","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Shanghai","wgRelevantArticleId":30959,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"af","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"af"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":90000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q8686","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=af&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=af&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=af&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.22"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Shanghai_montage.png/1200px-Shanghai_montage.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1547"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Shanghai_montage.png/960px-Shanghai_montage.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1031"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="825"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Shanghai - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//af.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Wysig" href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (af)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//af.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.af"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atoomvoer" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Onlangse_wysigings&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="auth.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Shanghai rootpage-Shanghai skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Gaan na inhoud</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Hoofkieslys" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hoofkieslys" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Hoofkieslys </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hoofkieslys</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tuisblad" title="Gaan na die tuisblad [z]" accesskey="z">Tuisblad</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Geselshoekie" title="Agtergrondinligting oor aktuele sake">Geselshoekie</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Onlangse_wysigings" title="'n Lys van onlangse wysigings [r]" accesskey="r">Onlangse wysigings</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">Inligting oor Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Contact-url">Kontakblad</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-SEARCH_" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-SEARCH_--_doen_dit_iets_-- emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> SEARCH  </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Interaksie" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Interaksie" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Interaksie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Hulp" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hulp">Hulp</a></li><li id="n-Leer-hoe-om-te-wysig" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Welkom_nuwelinge">Leer hoe om te wysig</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gebruikersportaal" title="Meer oor die projek, wat jy kan doen, nuttige skakels">Gebruikersportaal</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard">Laai lêer</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Lukraak" title="Laai 'n lukrake bladsye [x]" accesskey="x">Lukrake bladsy</a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Spesiale_bladsye">Spesiale bladsye</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-TOOLBOX_" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-TOOLBOX_--_doen_dit_iets_-- emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> TOOLBOX  </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Tuisblad" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-af.svg" width="118" height="13" style="width: 7.375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Soek" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Deursoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Soek </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Deursoek Wikipedia" aria-label="Deursoek Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Deursoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spesiaal:Soek"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Soek</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Voorkoms" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Voorkoms </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af" class="">Skenkings</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Shanghai" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie." class="">Skep gebruiker</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Shanghai" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Meld aan</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Persoonlike gereedskap </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af">Skenkings</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Shanghai" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."> Skep gebruiker</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Shanghai" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o"> Meld aan</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering">leer meer</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Bydraes</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n">Bespreking</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Inleiding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inleiding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Inleiding </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inleiding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geskiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geskiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Geskiedenis </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geskiedenis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Wissel Geskiedenis subafdeling </button> <ul id="toc-Geskiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1553_tot_1900" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1553_tot_1900"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 1553 tot 1900 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1553_tot_1900-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20ste_eeu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20ste_eeu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 20ste eeu </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20ste_eeu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Demografie </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demografie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Wissel Demografie subafdeling </button> <ul id="toc-Demografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Godsdiens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Godsdiens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Godsdiens </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Godsdiens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Taal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Ekonomie </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ekonomie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Wissel Ekonomie subafdeling </button> <ul id="toc-Ekonomie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Finansies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finansies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Finansies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finansies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Toerisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toerisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Toerisme </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toerisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vryhandelsone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vryhandelsone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Vryhandelsone </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vryhandelsone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vervaardiging" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vervaardiging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Vervaardiging </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vervaardiging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Geografie </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klimaat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klimaat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Klimaat </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klimaat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Onderwys_en_navorsing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Onderwys_en_navorsing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Onderwys en navorsing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Onderwys_en_navorsing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kultuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kultuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Kultuur </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kultuur-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Wissel Kultuur subafdeling </button> <ul id="toc-Kultuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Museums </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kookkuns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kookkuns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Kookkuns </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kookkuns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kuns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kuns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Kuns </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kuns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chinese_opera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chinese_opera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3.1 Chinese opera </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chinese_opera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drama_en_filmbedryf" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drama_en_filmbedryf"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3.2 Drama en filmbedryf </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drama_en_filmbedryf-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mode" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mode"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Mode </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mode-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vervoer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vervoer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Vervoer </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vervoer-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Wissel Vervoer subafdeling </button> <ul id="toc-Vervoer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Openbare_vervoer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Openbare_vervoer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Openbare vervoer </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Openbare_vervoer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paaie_en_snelweë" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paaie_en_snelweë"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Paaie en snelweë </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paaie_en_snelweë-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spoorpendel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spoorpendel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Spoorpendel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spoorpendel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lug_en_see" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lug_en_see"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 Lug en see </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lug_en_see-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Sport </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Wissel Sport subafdeling </button> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sokker_en_basketbal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sokker_en_basketbal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Sokker en basketbal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sokker_en_basketbal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Krieket" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Krieket"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Krieket </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Krieket-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Eksterne skakels </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Verwysings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Inhoudsopgawe" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Wissel die inhoudsopgawe </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Shanghai</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 202 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-202" aria-hidden="true" > 202 tale </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Atsjenees" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Atsjenees" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Switserse Duits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Switserse Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%BB%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8B%E1%8B%AD" title="ሻንጋይ – Amharies" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሻንጋይ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharies" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xangai" title="Xangai – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Xangai" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88" title="शंघाई – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="शंघाई" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A" title="شانغهاي – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شانغهاي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%DD%A3%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A" title="شانݣهاي – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="شانݣهاي" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%89" title="شانجهاى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شانجهاى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87" title="ছাংহাই – Assamees" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ছাংহাই" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamees" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88" title="शाङ्घाई – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="शाङ्घाई" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eanxay" title="Şanxay – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şanxay" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="شانقهای – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="شانقهای" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шанхай – Baskir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Шанхай" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baskir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Balinees" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinees" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0anchajos" title="Šanchajos – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Šanchajos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шанхай – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Шанхай" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шанхай – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Шанхай" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шанхай – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Шанхай" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87" title="সাংহাই – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সাংহাই" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A7%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="ཧྲང་ཧའེ་གྲོང་ཁྱེར། – Tibettaans" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཧྲང་ཧའེ་གྲོང་ཁྱེར།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibettaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0angaj" title="Šangaj – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Šangaj" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шанхай – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Шанхай" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%B4ng-h%C4%81i" title="Siông-hāi – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Siông-hāi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шанхай – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Шанхай" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_(kapital_sa_lalawigan_sa_Pangmasang_Republika_sa_T%C5%9Bina)" title="Shanghai (kapital sa lalawigan sa Pangmasang Republika sa Tśina) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Shanghai (kapital sa lalawigan sa Pangmasang Republika sa Tśina)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Cheyennees" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyennees" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tsetsêhestâhese</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="شانگھای – Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شانگھای" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Ea%C3%B1hay" title="Şañhay – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Şañhay" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0anghaj" title="Šanghaj – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Šanghaj" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шанхай – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Шанхай" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eengay" title="Şengay – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Şengay" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88" title="शाङ्घाई – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="शाङ्घाई" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%B7" title="Σαγκάη – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σαγκάη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Canhajo" title="Ŝanhajo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝanhajo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangh%C3%A1i" title="Shanghái – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Shanghái" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="شانگهای – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شانگهای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagahai" title="Sagahai – Fidjiaans" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Sagahai" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fidjiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Faroëes" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroëes" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghay" title="Shanghay – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Shanghay" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Friuliaans" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shang-hai" title="Shang-hai – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Shang-hai" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7" title="上海 – Gan-Sjinees" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="上海" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Skotse Gallies" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Skotse Gallies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang%C3%A1i" title="Changái – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Changái" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B4ng-h%C3%B3i" title="Sông-hói – Hakka-Sjinees" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sông-hói" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%97%D7%90%D7%99" title="שאנגחאי – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שאנגחאי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88" title="शंघाई – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शंघाई" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0angaj" title="Šangaj – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Šangaj" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Haïtiaans" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanghaj" title="Sanghaj – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sanghaj" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B5" title="Շանհայ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Շանհայ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шанхай – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Шанхай" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjangha%C3%AD" title="Sjanghaí – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sjanghaí" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82" title="上海市 – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="上海市" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/canxais." title="canxais. – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="canxais." data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%98" title="შანხაი – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შანხაი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxay" title="Shanxay – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Shanxay" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca%C5%8Bgay%C9%A9" title="Caŋgayɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Caŋgayɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_(kizunga)" title="Shanghai (kizunga) – Kongolees" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Shanghai (kizunga)" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongolees" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D2%A3%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шаңхай – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Шаңхай" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%83" title="ស៊ាងហៃ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ស៊ាងហៃ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%98%E0%B3%88" title="ಶಾಂಘೈ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಶಾಂಘೈ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" data-language-local-name="Central Kanuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yerwa Kanuri</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%81%ED%95%98%EC%9D%B4%EC%8B%9C" title="상하이시 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="상하이시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шанхай – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Шанхай" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eanghay" title="Şanghay – Koerdies" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Şanghay" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шанхай – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Шанхай" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Kornies" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шанхай – Kirgisies" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Шанхай" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgisies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sciamhaevum" title="Sciamhaevum – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sciamhaevum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шанхай – Lezghies" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Шанхай" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjanghai" title="Sjanghai – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Sjanghai" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Lombardies" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Lingaals" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingaals" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0anchajus" title="Šanchajus – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šanchajus" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0anhaja" title="Šanhaja – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Šanhaja" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88" title="शाङ्घाई – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="शाङ्घाई" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Malgassies" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malgassies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шанхай – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Шанхай" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%98" title="Шангај – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Шангај" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D" title="ഷാങ്ഹായ് – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഷാങ്ഹായ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шанхай – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Шанхай" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF" title="शांघाय – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="शांघाय" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Maltees" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltees" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xangai" title="Xangai – Mirandees" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Xangai" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandees" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ရှန်ဟိုင်းမြို့ – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရှန်ဟိုင်းမြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шанхай – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Шанхай" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="شانگهای – Masanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="شانگهای" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Masanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Nederduits" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjanghai" title="Sjanghai – Nedersaksies" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Sjanghai" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88" title="साङ्घाई – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="साङ्घाई" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87" title="शाङ्हाइ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="शाङ्हाइ" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaangaayi" title="Shaangaayi – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Shaangaayi" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шанхай – Osseties" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Шанхай" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Osseties" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%98%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88" title="ਸ਼ੰਘਾਈ – Pandjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸ਼ੰਘਾਈ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szanghaj" title="Szanghaj – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Szanghaj" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="شنگہائی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="شنگہائی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="شانگهای – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="شانگهای" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xangai" title="Xangai – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Xangai" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schanghai" title="Schanghai – Reto-Romaans" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Schanghai" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Reto-Romaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шанхай – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шанхай" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D2%91%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шанґгай – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Шанґгай" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шанхай – Jakoeties" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Шанхай" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakoeties" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9D%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD" title="ᱥᱟᱝᱜᱷᱟᱭ – Santalies" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱟᱝᱜᱷᱟᱭ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santalies" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Sardinies" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Sisiliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisiliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Skots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="شنگهائي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="شنگهائي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0angaj" title="Šangaj – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Šangaj" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Can%C9%A3hay" title="Canɣhay – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Canɣhay" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92" title="ෂැංහයි – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ෂැංහයි" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0anghaj" title="Šanghaj – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Šanghaj" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0anghaj" title="Šanghaj – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Šanghaj" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangai" title="Shangai – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shangai" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%98" title="Шангај – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Шангај" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Sundanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanees" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szanghaj" title="Szanghaj – Silesies" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Szanghaj" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D" title="சாங்காய் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சாங்காய்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%88" title="షాంగ్హై – Teloegoe" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="షాంగ్హై" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Teloegoe" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шангҳай – Tadjiks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Шангҳай" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadjiks" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%89" title="เซี่ยงไฮ้ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เซี่ยงไฮ้" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eanha%C3%BD" title="Şanhaý – Turkmeens" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Şanhaý" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmeens" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0anxaj" title="Šanxaj – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Šanxaj" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target">Setswana</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sianghai" title="Sianghai – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Sianghai" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eanghay" title="Şanghay – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Şanghay" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eanxay" title="Şanxay – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Şanxay" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangai" title="Shangai – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Shangai" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шанхай – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Шанхай" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%DA%AD%D8%AE%DB%95%D9%8A_%D8%B4%DB%95%DA%BE%D9%89%D8%B1%D9%89" title="شاڭخەي شەھىرى – Uighur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="شاڭخەي شەھىرى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uighur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шанхай – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шанхай" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="شنگھائی – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شنگھائی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxay" title="Shanxay – Oesbekies" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Shanxay" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oesbekies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siangai" title="Siangai – Venesiaans" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Siangai" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venesiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0anhai" title="Šanhai – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Šanhai" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_H%E1%BA%A3i" title="Thượng Hải – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thượng Hải" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_(Tsyin%C3%A4n)" title="Shanghai (Tsyinän) – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Shanghai (Tsyinän)" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82" title="上海市 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="上海市" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Шанхай – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Шанхай" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%98" title="შანხაი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="შანხაი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%99" title="שאנכיי – Jiddisj" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="שאנכיי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisj" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanghaij" title="Sanghaij – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Sanghaij" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82" title="上海市 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="上海市" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82" title="上海市 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="上海市" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C5%8Dng-h%C3%A1i-chh%C4%AB" title="Siōng-hái-chhī – Min Nan-Sjinees" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Siōng-hái-chhī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7" title="上海 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="上海" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai – Zoeloe" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Shanghai" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zoeloe" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8686#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c">Bladsy</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Shanghai" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t">Bespreking</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verander taalvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Afrikaans </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergawes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Shanghai">Lees</a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v">Wysig</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e">Wysig bron</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=history" title="Ouer weergawes van hierdie bladsy [h]" accesskey="h">Wys geskiedenis</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gereedskap" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Gereedskap </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gereedskap</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Shanghai">Lees</a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v">Wysig</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e">Wysig bron</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=history">Wys geskiedenis</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Skakels_hierheen/Shanghai" title="'n Lys bladsye wat hierheen skakel [j]" accesskey="j">Skakels hierheen</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:OnlangseVeranderingsMetSkakels/Shanghai" rel="nofollow" title="Onlangse wysigings aan bladsye wat vanaf hierdie bladsy geskakel is [k]" accesskey="k">Verwante veranderings</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&oldid=2730360" title="'n Permanente skakel na hierdie weergawe van die bladsy">Permanente skakel</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=info" title="More information about this page">Bladinligting</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:CiteThisPage&page=Shanghai&id=2730360&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Inligting oor hoe u hierdie bladsy kan verwys">Haal dié blad aan</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FShanghai">Kry verkorte URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FShanghai">Laai QR-kode af</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Druk/uitvoer </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Shanghai">Skep boek</a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Shanghai&action=show-download-screen">Laai af as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&printable=yes" title="Drukbare weergawe van hierdie bladsy [p]" accesskey="p">Drukbare weergawe</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ander projekte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8686" title="Skakel na gekonnekteerde databank item [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata-item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Voorkoms</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1" style="float:right; empty-cells:show; margin-right:0em; margin-left:1em; margin-bottom:0.5em; background:#ededed;font-size: 95%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" bgcolor="DDDDDD" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;">上海市 (Shànghǎi Shì) Shanghai-munisipaliteit </th></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f9f9f9"> <td align="center" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Shanghai_montage.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Shanghai_montage.png/330px-Shanghai_montage.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="361" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Shanghai_montage.png/500px-Shanghai_montage.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Shanghai_montage.png/960px-Shanghai_montage.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1934" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" bgcolor="DDDDDD">Ligging in die <a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek_China" title="Volksrepubliek China">Volksrepubliek China</a> </th></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f9f9f9"> <td colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#ffffff"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:China_Shanghai.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shanghai is beklemtoon op hierdie kaart"><img alt="Shanghai is beklemtoon op hierdie kaart" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/China_Shanghai.svg/330px-China_Shanghai.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/China_Shanghai.svg/500px-China_Shanghai.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/China_Shanghai.svg/960px-China_Shanghai.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="850" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" bgcolor="DDDDDD">Basiese inligting </th></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f9f9f9"> <td>Oorsprong van die naam:</td> <td>上 shàng – aan, op 海 hǎi – see "aan die see" </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f9f9f9"> <td>Afkorting:</td> <td>申 Shēn </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f9f9f9"> <td><a href="/wiki/Oppervlakte" title="Oppervlakte">Oppervlakte</a>:</td> <td>6 341 <a href="/wiki/Vierkante_kilometer" title="Vierkante kilometer">km²</a> (munisipaliteit) 14 923 km² (metro) 687 km² (water) </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f9f9f9"> <td><a href="/wiki/Bevolking" title="Bevolking">Bevolking</a> (2021):</td> <td>24 890 116 (munisipaliteit) 41 354 149 (metro) </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f9f9f9"> <td><a href="/wiki/Bevolkingsdigtheid" title="Bevolkingsdigtheid">Bevolkingsdigtheid</a> (<a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a>):</td> <td>3 900/km² (munisipaliteit) 2 800/km² (metro) </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f9f9f9"> <td><a href="/wiki/Bruto_Binnelandse_Produk" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruto Binnelandse Produk">BBP</a> (2021):  - per kapita</td> <td>VS$680 miljard (12de) VS$27 342 (3de) </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f9f9f9"> <td>Stads<a href="/wiki/Blom" title="Blom">blom</a>:</td> <td>Yulan magnolia </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f9f9f9"> <td><a href="/wiki/Hoogte_bo_seespie%C3%ABl" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoogte bo seespieël">Hoogte bo seespieël</a>:</td> <td>4 m (13 vt) </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f9f9f9"> <td>Hoogste punt (Sheshan):</td> <td>118 m (387 vt) </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f9f9f9"> <td><a href="/wiki/Poskode" title="Poskode">Poskode</a>:</td> <td>200000 – 2021000 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f9f9f9"> <td>Areakode:</td> <td>+86/21 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f9f9f9"> <td>Nommerplaat-identifikasie:</td> <td>沪A, B, D, E, F, G 沪C (buite die stadsgebied) </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f9f9f9"> <td><a href="/wiki/Tydsone" title="Tydsone">Tydsone</a>:</td> <td><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B08:00" title="UTC+08:00">UTC+8</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f9f9f9"> <td><a href="/wiki/Webwerf" title="Webwerf">Webwerf</a>:</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shanghai.gov.cn/">www.shanghai.gov.cn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" bgcolor="DDDDDD">Regering </th></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f9f9f9"> <td>Administratiewe tipe:</td> <td>Munisipaliteit </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f9f9f9"> <td><a href="/wiki/Kommunistiese_Party_van_China" title="Kommunistiese Party van China">KPC</a> Shanghai- komiteesekretaris:</td> <td>Li Qiang </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f9f9f9"> <td>Burgemeester:</td> <td>Gong Zheng </td></tr></tbody></table> Shanghai (<a href="/wiki/Chinees" title="Chinees">Chinees</a>: 上海;) is 'n megastad in die ooste van <a href="/wiki/China" class="mw-disambig" title="China">China</a> en die grootste <a href="/wiki/Stad" title="Stad">stad</a> van die <a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek_China" title="Volksrepubliek China">Volksrepubliek China</a>. Shanghai is een van die <a href="/wiki/Munisipaliteit" title="Munisipaliteit">munisipaliteite</a> van die Volksrepubliek China, wat gelykstaande is aan 'n provinsie in China se administratiewe struktuur. Die Shanghai-munisipaliteit grens aan die <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsuprovinsie</a> in die noorde en weste, <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiangprovinsie</a> in die weste en suide, en die <a href="/wiki/Oos-Chinese_See" title="Oos-Chinese See">Oos-Chinese See</a> in die ooste. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inleiding">Inleiding</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Inleiding" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Inleiding">wysig bron</a>]</div> Shanghai is 'n hoofvervoersentrum, met dosyne spoorlyne, paaie en hoofweë in alle rigtings. Shanghai vorm die finansiële en kommersiële sentrum van die <a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek_China" title="Volksrepubliek China">Volksrepubliek China</a>. Shanghai is ook een van die vier groot geskiedkundige hoofstede van China. Shanghai word beskryf as die "pronkstuk" van die bloeiende ekonomie van China. Met verskeie argitektoniese style soos <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a> en shikumen, is die stad bekend vir sy hoë geboue, museums en historiese geboue insluitend die City God Temple, Yu-tuin, die China Pavilion en geboue langs die Bund, wat die Oriental Pearl TV-toring insluit. Shanghai is ook bekend vir sy soetgebak, kenmerkende plaaslike taal (Shanghainees) en lewendige internasionale flair. As 'n belangrike internasionale stad is Shanghai die setel van die Nuwe Ontwikkelingsbank, 'n multilaterale ontwikkelingsbank gestig deur die <a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a> state en die stad huisves meer as 70 buitelandse verteenwoordigers en talle nasionale en internasionale geleenthede elke jaar, soos die Shanghai Modeweek, die <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Grand_Prix" title="Chinese Grand Prix">Chinese Grand Prix</a> en ChinaJoy. Shanghai is die toeristestad met die hoogste verdienste in die wêreld,<a href="#cite_note-:1-1">[1]</a> met die sewende meeste vyfster <a href="/wiki/Hotel" title="Hotel">hotelle</a> ter wêreld,<a href="#cite_note-:2-2">[2]</a> en die wêreld se derde hoogste gebou, die Shanghai-toring. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geskiedenis">Geskiedenis</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Geskiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Geskiedenis">wysig bron</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1553_tot_1900">1553 tot 1900</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: 1553 tot 1900" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: 1553 tot 1900">wysig bron</a>]</div> Voordat die stad Shanghai gestig is, was dit 'n dorpie Huating (華亭鎮), deel van Songjiang, wat deur die Suzhou-prefektuur beheer is. Onder die <a href="/wiki/Tang-dinastie" title="Tang-dinastie">Tang-dinastie</a> het dit 'n onafhanklike prefektuur geword, wat sedert die <a href="/wiki/Song-dinastie" title="Song-dinastie">Song-dinastie</a> Shanghai genoem word. 'n Stadsmuur is in 1553 gebou, wat algemeen beskou word as die ontstaan van die stad Shanghai. Tydens die eerste <a href="/wiki/Opiumoorlog" class="mw-redirect" title="Opiumoorlog">Opiumoorlog</a> in die vroeë <a href="/wiki/19de_eeu" title="19de eeu">19de eeu</a> het Engelse troepe Shanghai oorgeneem. Toe die oorlog in 1842 met die Verdrag van Nanking beëindig is, is sommige hawestede vir internasionale handel geopen, insluitend die hawe van Shanghai. In 1850 het die Taiping-opstand begin en in 1853 is Shanghai beset deur 'n <a href="/wiki/Triade_(georganiseerde_misdaad)" title="Triade (georganiseerde misdaad)">triade</a> van rebelle wat hulself die Klein Swaard-genootskap genoem het. Die baie gevegte het die plattelandse gebiede rondom die stad vernietig, maar die buitelandse nedersettings is nie aangeval nie. Baie Chinese, vir wie dit voorheen verbode was om buitelandse nedersettings te betree, het hierheen gevlug. In 1854 is nuwe regulasies uitgereik wat meer grond aan die Chinese inwoners beskikbaar gestel het. In dieselfde jaar is ook die eerste jaarlikse vergadering van die stadsraad van Shanghai gehou om buitelandse nedersettings te bestuur. In 1863 het die Britse en Amerikaanse nedersettings saamgesmelt in die Internasionale Konsessie. Tussen 1850 en 1900 het die bevolking van die stad gegroei van ongeveer 250 000 tot ongeveer 650 000. Die Eerste Sino-Japannese Oorlog (1894–1895) vir mag in <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a> is beëindig met die Verdrag van Shimonoseki. Met hierdie verdrag is China genoodsaak om Korea se onafhanklikheid te erken en sekere gebiede (insluitende <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>) aan <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> af te staan. Dit het ook die opkoms van Japan as 'n bykomende buitelandse mag in Shanghai beteken. Japan het die eerste fabrieke in Shanghai gebou en hierdie voorbeeld is vinnig gevolg deur die ander buitelandse magte wat teenwoordig was. Dit was die begin van die industrialisering van Shanghai. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20ste_eeu">20ste eeu</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: 20ste eeu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: 20ste eeu">wysig bron</a>]</div> Shanghai was nou die belangrikste finansiële stad in die <a href="/wiki/Verre_Ooste" title="Verre Ooste">Verre Ooste</a>. Onder die heerskappy van die Republiek van China is die stad in 1927 'n "spesiale stad" verklaar en in 1930 tot 'n provinsie verhef. Op 28 Januarie 1932 het die <a href="/wiki/Japannese_Keiserlike_Vloot" title="Japannese Keiserlike Vloot">Japannese Keiserlike Vloot</a> tydens die voorval in Shanghai die stad gebombardeer in 'n poging om studentebetogings te onderdruk wat begin het as gevolg van die Manchuria-voorval en die daaropvolgende besetting van Manchuria. Shanghai is in 1937 deur Japan tydens die <a href="/wiki/Slag_van_Sjanghai" title="Slag van Sjanghai">Slag van Shanghai</a> verower en bly onder Japannese besetting tot die oorgawe van Japan in 1945. Tydens die <a href="/wiki/Tweede_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Tweede Wêreldoorlog">Tweede Wêreldoorlog</a> was Shanghai 'n streeksentrum vir vlugtelinge uit <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a>. Teen daardie tyd was dit ook die enigste stad in die wêreld wat sonder voorwaardes vir <a href="/wiki/Jode" title="Jode">Jode</a> oop was. In die eerste dekades van die <a href="/wiki/20ste_eeu" title="20ste eeu">20ste eeu</a> het die bevolking van die stad fenomenale groei getoon. Die bevolking was in 1900 ongeveer 650 000, maar in 1918 is die 1 miljoen punt reeds bereik. In 1940 het die bevolking ontplof tot 3,6 miljoen. Behuisingskonstruksie het nie tred gehou met hierdie groei nie, dus was die lewensomstandighede van die meerderheid van die bevolking ondraaglik. Op 27 Mei 1949 het Shanghai onder die beheer van die <a href="/wiki/Kommunistiese_Party_van_China" title="Kommunistiese Party van China">Kommunistiese Party van China</a> gekom. Shanghai en <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> was die enigste stede wat onafhanklik was in die Republiek van China, wat daardie onafhanklike status behou het. Ander stede het weer onder beheer van die plaaslike provinsies gekom. In die volgende dekade is die grense van die distrikte en provinsies in Shanghai gereeld aangepas. Ná 1949 het die meeste buitelandse maatskappye hul kantore na <a href="/wiki/Hongkong" title="Hongkong">Hongkong</a> verskuif weens die kommunistiese regering wat nou aan bewind gekom het. In die 1950's en 1960's het Shanghai 'n industriële sentrum en 'n linkse revolusionêre vesting geword. Ten spyte hiervan het Shanghai daarin geslaag om hoë produktiwiteit en sosiale stabiliteit gedurende hierdie tyd te handhaaf. Shanghai het in die geskiedenis van die <a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek_China" title="Volksrepubliek China">Volksrepubliek China</a> byna altyd die grootste bydrae tot staatsbelasting gemaak. In die vroeë 1980's het 70-80% van die nasionale belastinginkomste uit Shanghai gekom. Dit het egter verreikende gevolge vir die Shanghai-ekonomie gehad omdat die hoë belastinglas ten koste van kapitaalbou- en instandhoudings- en infrastruktuurbeleggings was. Grootskaalse hervormings is gedurende die 1980's in die suidelike provinsie <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a> deurgevoer. As gevolg van China se hoë finansiële afhanklikheid van Shanghai, is hervormings in Shanghai eers na 1990 begin. Vir 'n lang tyd is Shanghai beskou as 'n intreepunt vir poste binne die sentrale regering van die Volksrepubliek China. In die 1990's is die "Shanghai-kliek" dikwels gebruik, waaronder die president van die Volksrepubliek China, <a href="/wiki/Jiang_Zemin" title="Jiang Zemin">Jiang Zemin</a>, en premier Zhu Rongji. Jiang en Zhu was beide burgemeesters en partysekretarisse van Shanghai in die laat-1980's. Sedert 1992 het Jiang Zemin begin met die hervorming van die Shanghai-belastingbeleid. Die skerp verminderde belastinglas het baie plaaslike en buitelandse maatskappye na die stad gelok en Shanghai 'n sterk ekonomiese sentrum in <a href="/wiki/Oos-Asi%C3%AB" title="Oos-Asië">Oos-Asië</a> gemaak. Sedertdien het die stad 'n ekonomiese groei van 9-15% per jaar gehandhaaf. In die konteks van stedelike uitbreiding is daar ook besluit om nege satellietstede in die One City, Nine Towns-projek te bou. <div class="thumb" style="width:100%;"> <div class="thumbinner"><div style="overflow:auto; overflow-y:hidden; overflow-x:scroll;"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:View_from_World_Financial_Center,_Shanghai_Panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Uitsig op Puxi vanuit die Shanghai Finansiële Wêreldsentrum"><img alt="Uitsig op Puxi vanuit die Shanghai Finansiële Wêreldsentrum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/View_from_World_Financial_Center%2C_Shanghai_Panorama.jpg/750px-View_from_World_Financial_Center%2C_Shanghai_Panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="750" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/View_from_World_Financial_Center%2C_Shanghai_Panorama.jpg/1125px-View_from_World_Financial_Center%2C_Shanghai_Panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/View_from_World_Financial_Center%2C_Shanghai_Panorama.jpg/1500px-View_from_World_Financial_Center%2C_Shanghai_Panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4076" data-file-height="1447" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><center>Uitsig op Puxi vanuit die Shanghai Finansiële Wêreldsentrum</center></div> </div></div> <div class="thumb" style="width:100%;"> <div class="thumbinner"><div style="overflow:auto; overflow-y:hidden; overflow-x:scroll;"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Shanghai_-_Skyline_Sunset_0036.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sonsondergang oor die stadskim"><img alt="Sonsondergang oor die stadskim" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Shanghai_-_Skyline_Sunset_0036.jpg/750px-Shanghai_-_Skyline_Sunset_0036.jpg" decoding="async" width="750" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Shanghai_-_Skyline_Sunset_0036.jpg/1125px-Shanghai_-_Skyline_Sunset_0036.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Shanghai_-_Skyline_Sunset_0036.jpg/1500px-Shanghai_-_Skyline_Sunset_0036.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10309" data-file-height="2817" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><center>Sonsondergang oor die stadskim</center></div> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografie">Demografie</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Demografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Demografie">wysig bron</a>]</div> <table class="toccolours" style="width:15em;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="padding:0.25em">Historiese bevolking</th></tr><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid black;padding:1px;width:3em">Jaar</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid black;padding:1px 2px;text-align:right">Inwoners</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid black;padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Jaarlikse groeikoers">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1954<a href="#cite_note-census-3">[3]</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">6 204 400</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1964<a href="#cite_note-census-3">[3]</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">10 816 500</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.72%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1982<a href="#cite_note-census-3">[3]</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">11 859 700</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.51%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990<a href="#cite_note-census-3">[3]</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">13 341 900</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.48%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2000<a href="#cite_note-census-3">[3]</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">16 407 700</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+2.09%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2010<a href="#cite_note-census-3">[3]</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">23 019 200</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.44%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2015<a href="#cite_note-SHSTAT2018:2.1-4">[4]</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">24 152 700</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.97%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2016<a href="#cite_note-SHSTAT2018:2.1-4">[4]</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">24 197 000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.18%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2017<a href="#cite_note-SHSTAT2018:2.1-4">[4]</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">24 183 300</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.06%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2018<a href="#cite_note-SHECO2018-5">[5]</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">24 237 800</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.23%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2019<a href="#cite_note-SHECO2019-6">[6]</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">24 281 400</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.18%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:left">Bevolkingsgrootte kan beïnvloed word deur veranderinge aan administratiewe afdelings.</td></tr></tbody></table> Sedert 2019 het Shanghai 'n totale bevolking van 24 281 400, insluitend 14 504 300 (59.7%) hukou-houers (plaaslik geregistreer).<a href="#cite_note-SHECO2019-6">[6]</a> volgens die 2010 nasionale sensus, woon 89,3% van Shanghai se bevolking in stedelike areas, en 10,7% woon in landelike areas.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Gebaseer op die bevolking van sy totale administratiewe gebied, is Shanghai die tweede grootste van die vier munisipaliteite van China, na <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a>, maar word oor die algemeen as die grootste Chinese stad beskou omdat die stedelike bevolking van Chongqing baie kleiner is.<a href="#cite_note-chan_paper-8">[8]</a> Volgens <a href="/wiki/OESO" title="OESO">OESO</a>, het Shanghai se <a href="/wiki/Metropolitaanse_gebied" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitaanse gebied">metropolitaanse gebied</a> 'n geskatte bevolking van 34 miljoen.<a href="#cite_note-OECD-9">[9]</a> Volgens Shanghai se Munisipale Statistiekburo is ongeveer 157 900 inwoners in Shanghai buitelanders, insluitend 28 900 <a href="/wiki/Japannese" title="Japannese">Japannese</a>, 21 900 <a href="/wiki/Amerikaners" class="mw-redirect" title="Amerikaners">Amerikaners</a> en 20 800 <a href="/wiki/Koreane" title="Koreane">Koreane</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SHSTAT2018:2.11-10">[10]</a> Die werklike aantal buitelandse burgers in die stad is waarskynlik veel hoër.<a href="#cite_note-wpr-11">[11]</a> Shanghai is ook 'n binnelandse immigrasiestad; 40,3% (9,8 miljoen) van die stad se inwoners is uit ander streke van China afkomstig.<a href="#cite_note-SHECO2019-6">[6]</a> Shanghai-inwoners het 'n lewensverwagting van 83,6 jaar vir die stad se geregistreerde bevolking,<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> die hoogste lewensverwagting van alle stede op die vasteland van China. Dit het ook veroorsaak dat die stad veroudering van die bevolking ervaar het – in 2017 was 33,1% (4,8 miljoen) van die stad se geregistreerde bevolking 60 jaar of ouer.<a href="#cite_note-SHSTAT2018:2.6-13">[13]</a> In 2017 het die Chinese regering bevolkingsaanwasbeheer vir Shanghai geïmplementeer, wat gelei het tot 'n bevolkingsafname van 10 000 mense teen die einde van die jaar.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Godsdiens">Godsdiens</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Godsdiens" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Godsdiens">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Shanghai,_China_(Unsplash_8T9p4FDu590).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Shanghai%2C_China_%28Unsplash_8T9p4FDu590%29.jpg/150px-Shanghai%2C_China_%28Unsplash_8T9p4FDu590%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Shanghai%2C_China_%28Unsplash_8T9p4FDu590%29.jpg/225px-Shanghai%2C_China_%28Unsplash_8T9p4FDu590%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Shanghai%2C_China_%28Unsplash_8T9p4FDu590%29.jpg/300px-Shanghai%2C_China_%28Unsplash_8T9p4FDu590%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="4896" /></a><figcaption>Lugfoto van die goue pagode, Jing'an-tempel</figcaption></figure> Weens sy kosmopolitiese geskiedenis het Shanghai 'n mengsel van godsdienstige erfenis; godsdienstige geboue en instellings is reg oor die stad versprei. Volgens 'n 2012-opname behoort slegs 13,1% van die stad se bevolking aan georganiseerde godsdienste, insluitend <a href="/wiki/Boeddhisme" title="Boeddhisme">Boeddhiste</a> met 10,4%, <a href="/wiki/Protestantisme" title="Protestantisme">Protestante</a> met 1,9%, <a href="/wiki/Katolieke" class="mw-redirect" title="Katolieke">Katolieke</a> met 0,7%, en ander gelowe met 0,1% terwyl die oorblywende 86,9% van die bevolking óf ateïste óf betrokke kan wees by die aanbidding van natuurgode en voorouers of volksgodsdienstige sektes.<a href="#cite_note-CFPS2012-15">[15]</a> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black"> <div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;<div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;<div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 1987.7609902728px; border-left-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 583.79700587526px; border-left-color:Yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 92.7307768331px; border-left-color:#C00000"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#C00000"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#C00000"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Religie in Shanghai (2012) ██ Chinese volksgodsdiens, of ateïs (86.9%)██ <a href="/wiki/Boeddhisme" title="Boeddhisme">Boeddhisme</a> (10.4%)██ <a href="/wiki/Protestantisme" title="Protestantisme">Protestantisme</a> (1.9%)██ <a href="/wiki/Rooms-Katolieke_Kerk" title="Rooms-Katolieke Kerk">Rooms-Katolieke Kerk</a> (0.7%)██ Ander (0.1%) </div> </div></div> Boeddhisme, in sy Chinese variëteite, het 'n teenwoordigheid in Shanghai sedert die Drie Koninkryke-tydperk, waartydens die Longhua-tempel en die Jing'an-tempel gestig is.<a href="#cite_note-Buddhism-16">[16]</a> Nog 'n belangrike tempel is die Jade Buddha Temple, wat vernoem is na 'n groot standbeeld van Boeddha wat in die tempel uit jade gekerf is.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Teen 2014 het Boeddhisme in Shanghai 114 tempels, 1 182 geestelike personeel en 453 300 geregistreerde volgelinge gehad.<a href="#cite_note-Buddhism-16">[16]</a> Die godsdiens het ook sy eie kollege, die Shanghai Buddhist College, en sy eie drukker, Shanghai Buddhological Press.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Katolisisme is in 1608 in Shanghai ingebring deur die Italiaanse sendeling Lazzaro Cattaneo.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Die Apostoliese Vikariaat van Shanghai is in 1933 opgerig, en is verder verhef tot die Bisdom Shanghai in 1946.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Belangrike Katolieke terreine sluit die St. Ignatius-katedraal in Xujiahui in—die grootste Katolieke kerk in die stad,<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> die St. Francis Xavier-kerk, en die She Shan-basiliek.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Ander vorme van Christenskap in Shanghai sluit in Oosters-Ortodokse minderhede en, sedert 1996, geregistreerde Christelike Protestantse kerke. Alhoewel dit tans 'n fraksie van die godsdienstige bevolking in Shanghai uitmaak, het Jode 'n invloedryke rol in die stad se geskiedenis gespeel. Nadat die Verdrag van Nanking die <a href="/wiki/Eerste_Opiumoorlog" title="Eerste Opiumoorlog">Eerste Opiumoorlog</a> in 1842 beëindig het, is die stad oopgestel vir westerse bevolkings en handelaars het na Shanghai gereis vir sy ryk sakepotensiaal, insluitend baie prominente Joodse gesinne. Die Sassoons het groot rykdom in die opium- en tekstielbedrywe versamel en hul status versterk deur baie van die geboue te finansier wat ikonies in Shanghai se luglyn geword het, soos die Cathay Hotel in 1929.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Die Hardoons was nog 'n prominente Baghdadi Joodse familie wat hul besigheidsukses gebruik het om Shanghai in die 20ste eeu te definieer. Die hoof van die familie, Silas Hardoon, een van die rykste mense in die wêreld gedurende die 1800's, het Nanjingweg gefinansier, wat toe departementele winkels in die Internasionale Nedersetting gehuisves het, wat nou een van die besigste winkelsentrums ter wêreld is. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taal">Taal</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Taal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Taal">wysig bron</a>]</div> Die volkstaal wat in die stad gepraat word, is Shanghainees, 'n dialek van die Taihu Wu-subgroep van die <a href="/wiki/Wu" title="Wu">Wu</a>-taalfamilie. Dit is anders as die amptelike Chinese dialek, Standaard Chinees (Standaard Noord-Mandaryns), wat wedersyds onverstaanbaar is met Wu-Chinees.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Moderne Shanghainees is gebaseer op ander dialekte van Taihu Wu: Suzhounees, Ningbonees, en die plaaslike dialek van die Songjiang Prefektuur.<a href="#cite_note-CZMShanghainese-25">[25]</a> Voor sy uitbreiding was die taal wat in Shanghai gepraat is ondergeskik aan dié wat rondom Jiaxing en later <a href="/wiki/Suzhou" class="mw-disambig" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a> gepraat is,<a href="#cite_note-CZMShanghainese-25">[25]</a> en was bekend as "die plaaslike taal", wat nou slegs in voorstede gebesig word.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> In die laat 19de eeu, het middestad-Shanghainees (上海闲话) voorgekom, en het vinnige veranderinge ondergaan en Suzhounees vinnig vervang as die verkose dialek van die Yangtzerivier-delta streek. Destyds was die meeste van die stad se inwoners immigrante uit die twee aangrensende provinsies, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, dus was Shanghainees meestal 'n baster tussen Suidelike Jiangsu- en Ningbo-dialekte. Na 1949, het Putonghua (Standaard Mandaryn) ook 'n groot impak op Shanghainese gehad as gevolg van streng bevordering deur die regering.<a href="#cite_note-CZMShanghainese-25">[25]</a>Sedert die 1990's het baie migrante buite die Wu-sprekende streek na Shanghai gekom vir onderwys en werk. Hulle kon dikwels nie die plaaslike taal praat nie en gebruik daarom Putonghua as 'n <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a>. Omdat Putonghua en Engels meer bevoordeel was, het Shanghainees begin afneem, en vlotheid onder jong sprekers het verswak. In onlangse jare was daar bewegings binne die stad om die plaaslike taal te bevorder en te beskerm teen vervaging.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomie">Ekonomie</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Wysig afdeling: Ekonomie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Ekonomie">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Shanghai_Nights.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Shanghai_Nights.jpg/250px-Shanghai_Nights.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Shanghai_Nights.jpg/330px-Shanghai_Nights.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Shanghai_Nights.jpg/500px-Shanghai_Nights.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Die Shanghai Citi Bank-gebou vertoon 'n ligpaneel wat lui "Ek is lief vir Shanghai."</figcaption></figure> Shanghai word beskryf as die "pronkstuk" van die bloeiende ekonomie van China.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Die stad is 'n globale sentrum vir finansies en innovasie,<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> en 'n nasionale sentrum vir handel en vervoer,<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> met die wêreld se besigste houerhawe — die hawe van Shanghai.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Vanaf 2019 het Shanghai 'n BBP van CN¥3,82 triljoen (VS$539 miljard) gehad wat 3,85% van China se BBP uitmaak,<a href="#cite_note-CHINAGDP2019-35">[35]</a> en 'n BBP per capita van CN¥157 138 (VS$22 186).<a href="#cite_note-SHECO2019-6">[6]</a> Vanaf 2020 was die ekonomie van Shanghai na raming $1 biljard (PPP), wat dit die mees produktiewe metrogebied van China maak en onder die top tien grootste metropolitaanse ekonomieë in die wêreld rangskik.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Shanghai se ses grootste nywerhede — kleinhandel, finansies, IT, eiendom, masjienvervaardiging en motorvervaardiging — beslaan ongeveer die helfte van die stad se BBP.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> In 2021 was die gemiddelde jaarlikse besteebare inkomste van Shanghai se inwoners CN¥78 027 (VS$12 287) per capita, wat dit een van die rykste stede in China maak,<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> maar ook die duurste stad op die vasteland van China om in te woon volgens 'n 2017-studie deur die Economist Intelligence Unit.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> In 2021 was Shanghai die duurste stad ter wêreld.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Shanghai is die 5de rykste stad in die wêreld, met 'n totale rykdom wat $1,8 biljard beloop,<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> en huisves die vyfde meeste miljardêrs volgens Forbes.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Shanghai se nominale BBP sal na verwagting VS$1,3 biljard in 2035 bereik (eerste plek in China), wat dit een van die wêreld se Top 5 groot stede in terme van GRP maak volgens 'n studie deur Oxford Economics.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finansies">Finansies</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Wysig afdeling: Finansies" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Finansies">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Pudong_district_roads_traffic_skyscrapers,_Shanghai.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Pudong_district_roads_traffic_skyscrapers%2C_Shanghai.JPG/220px-Pudong_district_roads_traffic_skyscrapers%2C_Shanghai.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Pudong_district_roads_traffic_skyscrapers%2C_Shanghai.JPG/330px-Pudong_district_roads_traffic_skyscrapers%2C_Shanghai.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Pudong_district_roads_traffic_skyscrapers%2C_Shanghai.JPG/440px-Pudong_district_roads_traffic_skyscrapers%2C_Shanghai.JPG 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="412" /></a><figcaption>Die Shanghaise Effektebeurs is een van die grootste beurse ter wêreld.</figcaption></figure> Shanghai is 'n globale finansiële sentrum, en beklee die eerste plek in die hele Asië en Oseanië-streek en derde wêreldwyd (na New York en Londen) in die 28ste uitgawe van die Global Financial Centres Index.<a href="#cite_note-GFCI2-45">[45]</a> Shanghai is ook 'n groot spil van die Chinese en globale tegnologie-industrie en die tuiste van 'n groot afskop-ekosisteem. Teen 2019 het die Shanghai Aandelebeurs 'n markkapitalisasie van VS$4,02 biljard gehad, wat dit die grootste aandelebeurs in China en die vierde grootste aandelebeurs ter wêreld maak.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> In 2009 was die handelsvolume van ses sleutelkommoditeite (insluitend rubber, koper en sink) op die Shanghai-termynbeurs almal wêreldwyd eerste geplaas.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Teen die einde van 2017 het Shanghai 1 491 finansiële instellings gehad, waarvan 251 buitelandse beleggings was.<a href="#cite_note-hktdc.com-48">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toerisme">Toerisme</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Wysig afdeling: Toerisme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Toerisme">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Shanghainanjingroadpic4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Shanghainanjingroadpic4.jpg/250px-Shanghainanjingroadpic4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Shanghainanjingroadpic4.jpg/330px-Shanghainanjingroadpic4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Shanghainanjingroadpic4.jpg/500px-Shanghainanjingroadpic4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="528" data-file-height="704" /></a><figcaption>Die Nanjing Voetgangerstraat het 'n rits hotelle in Shanghai</figcaption></figure> Toerisme is 'n groot bedryf van Shanghai. In 2017 het die aantal binnelandse toeriste met 7,5% tot 318 miljoen toegeneem, terwyl die aantal oorsese toeriste met 2,2% tot 8,73 miljoen toegeneem het.<a href="#cite_note-hktdc.com-48">[48]</a> In 2017 was Shanghai die toeristestad met die hoogste verdienste ter wêreld, wat na verwagting tot 2027 gehandhaaf sal word.<a href="#cite_note-:1-1">[1]</a> Shanghai het 71 vyfsterhotelle, 61 viersterhotelle, 1 758 reisagentskappe, 113 gegradeerde toeristeaantreklikhede en 34 rooi toeristeaantreklikhede in 2017 gehad.<a href="#cite_note-SHECO2019-6">[6]</a> Die konferensie- en vergadersektor groei ook. Volgens die Internasionale Kongres- en Konvensievereniging het Shanghai 82 internasionale vergaderings in 2018 aangebied, 'n toename van 34% sedert 2017.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vryhandelsone">Vryhandelsone</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Wysig afdeling: Vryhandelsone" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Vryhandelsone">wysig bron</a>]</div> Shanghai huisves die eerste vryhandelsone op die vasteland van China[162] en beslaan 'n gebied van 240,22 km² met die integrasie van vier bestaande gebonde sones—Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Logistics Park, Yangshan Free Trade Port Area, en Pudong Airport Comprehensive Free Trade Zone.[164][165] Verskeie voorkeurbeleide is geïmplementeer om buitelandse beleggings in verskeie nywerhede na die sone te lok. Omdat die sone nie tegnies as Chinese gebied vir belastingdoeleindes beskou word nie, is kommoditeite wat die sone binnekom vrygestel van belasting en doeaneklaring.[166] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vervaardiging">Vervaardiging</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Wysig afdeling: Vervaardiging" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Vervaardiging">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:F-22P_PNS_Zulfiquar.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/F-22P_PNS_Zulfiquar.JPG/250px-F-22P_PNS_Zulfiquar.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/F-22P_PNS_Zulfiquar.JPG/330px-F-22P_PNS_Zulfiquar.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/F-22P_PNS_Zulfiquar.JPG/500px-F-22P_PNS_Zulfiquar.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>'n Fregat van die Pakistanse Vloot, gebou deur Hudong–Zhonghua.</figcaption></figure> As een van die belangrikste industriële sentrums van China, speel Shanghai 'n sleutelrol in huishoudelike vervaardiging en swaar nywerhede. Verskeie nywerheidsones—insluitend Shanghai Hongqiao Ekonomiese en Tegnologiese Ontwikkelingsone, Jinqiao Ekonomiese Uitvoerverwerkingsone, Minhang Ekonomiese en Tegnologiese Ontwikkelingsone, en Shanghai Caohejing Hoëtegnologieontwikkelingsone—is ruggrate van Shanghai se sekondêre sektor. Shanghai is die tuiste van China se grootste staalvervaardiger Baosteel Group, China se grootste skeepsboubasis Hudong-Zhonghua Shipbuilding Group, en een van China se oudste skeepsbouers, die Jiangnan Shipyard.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Motorvervaardiging is nog 'n belangrike bedryf. Die Shanghai-gebaseerde SAIC Motor is een van die drie grootste motormaatskappye in China, en het strategiese vennootskappe met <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen" title="Volkswagen">Volkswagen</a> en <a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a>.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografie">Geografie</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Wysig afdeling: Geografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Geografie">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Sprawling_Shanghai_2016-07-20.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Sprawling_Shanghai_2016-07-20.jpg/250px-Sprawling_Shanghai_2016-07-20.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Sprawling_Shanghai_2016-07-20.jpg/330px-Sprawling_Shanghai_2016-07-20.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Sprawling_Shanghai_2016-07-20.jpg/500px-Sprawling_Shanghai_2016-07-20.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="4500" /></a><figcaption>Die stedelike gebied van Shanghai in 2016, saam met sy grootste eilande. Van noordwes na suidoos: Chongming, Changxing, Hengsha, en die Jiuduansha banke van Pudong. Die Yangtze se natuurlike sedimentafvoer kan gesien word.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Urban-Rural_Population_and_Land_Area_Estimates,_v2,_2010_Shanghai,_China_(13874137394).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Urban-Rural_Population_and_Land_Area_Estimates%2C_v2%2C_2010_Shanghai%2C_China_%2813874137394%29.jpg/220px-Urban-Rural_Population_and_Land_Area_Estimates%2C_v2%2C_2010_Shanghai%2C_China_%2813874137394%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Urban-Rural_Population_and_Land_Area_Estimates%2C_v2%2C_2010_Shanghai%2C_China_%2813874137394%29.jpg/330px-Urban-Rural_Population_and_Land_Area_Estimates%2C_v2%2C_2010_Shanghai%2C_China_%2813874137394%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Urban-Rural_Population_and_Land_Area_Estimates%2C_v2%2C_2010_Shanghai%2C_China_%2813874137394%29.jpg/440px-Urban-Rural_Population_and_Land_Area_Estimates%2C_v2%2C_2010_Shanghai%2C_China_%2813874137394%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3180" data-file-height="2416" /></a><figcaption>Bevolkingsdigtheid en laagliggende kussones in die Shanghai-gebied. Shanghai is veral kwesbaar vir <a href="/wiki/Seevlakstyging" title="Seevlakstyging">seevlakstyging</a>.</figcaption></figure> Shanghai is aan die <a href="/wiki/Yangtze" title="Yangtze">Yangtze</a>-riviermond van China se ooskus geleë, met die Yangtze-rivier in die noorde en Hangzhou-baai in die suide, en die <a href="/wiki/Oos-Chinese_See" title="Oos-Chinese See">Oos-Chinese See</a> aan die ooste. Die land is gevorm deur die Yangtze se natuurlike afsettings en moderne grondherwinningsprojekte. As gevolg hiervan het dit sanderige grond, en wolkekrabbers moet met diep betonstapels gebou word om te verhoed dat dit in die sagte grond wegsak.<a href="#cite_note-SHChroniclesEnvir-54">[54]</a> Shanghai is op 'n alluviale vlakte geleë. As gevolg daarvan is die oorgrote meerderheid van sy 6 340,5 km2 grondgebied plat, met 'n gemiddelde hoogte van 4 m.<a href="#cite_note-topo-55">[55]</a> Getyvlak-ekosisteme bestaan rondom die riviermonding, maar hulle is lank gelede reeds vir landboudoeleindes herwin.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Die stad se paar heuwels, soos Sheshan-heuwel, lê in die suidweste, en sy hoogste punt is die piek van Dajinshan-eiland (103 m) in Hangzhou-baai.<a href="#cite_note-topo-55">[55]</a> Shanghai het baie riviere, kanale, strome en mere, en dit is bekend vir sy ryk waterbronne as deel van die Tai-meer <a href="/wiki/Opvanggebied" title="Opvanggebied">opvanggebied</a>.<a href="#cite_note-waterresources-57">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Klimaat">Klimaat</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Wysig afdeling: Klimaat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Klimaat">wysig bron</a>]</div> Shanghai het 'n vogtige subtropiese klimaat (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen-klimaatklassifikasie" title="Köppen-klimaatklassifikasie">Cfa</a>), met 'n gemiddelde jaarlikse temperatuur van 15,8 °C vir stedelike distrikte en 15,2–15,7 °C vir voorstede.<a href="#cite_note-SHChroniclesEnvir-54">[54]</a> Die stad beleef vier afsonderlike seisoene. Winters is gematig tot koud en klam—noordwestewinde uit <a href="/wiki/Siberi%C3%AB" title="Siberië">Siberië</a> kan veroorsaak dat nagtemperature tot onder vriespunt daal. Elke jaar is daar gemiddeld 6,2 dae met sneeuval en 2,8 dae met sneeubedekking.<a href="#cite_note-SHChroniclesEnvir-54">[54]</a> Somers is warm en vogtig, en af en toe reënbuie of donderstorms kan verwag word. Gemiddeld oorskry 8,7 dae jaarliks 35 °C. In die somer en die begin van die herfs is die stad vatbaar vir <a href="/wiki/Tifoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Tifoon">tifone</a>.<a href="#cite_note-wiphatelegraph-58">[58]</a> Die aangenaamste seisoene is oor die algemeen lente, hoewel wisselvallig en dikwels reënerig, en herfs, wat gewoonlik sonnig en droog is. Met die maandelikse persentasie moontlike sonskyn wat wissel van 34% in Maart tot 54% in Augustus, ontvang die stad jaarliks 1 895 ure helder sonskyn. Uiterste waardes sedert 1951 het gewissel van -10,1 °C op 31 Januarie 1977 tot 40,9 °C op 21 Julie 2017 by 'n weerstasie in Xujiahui.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Onderwys_en_navorsing">Onderwys en navorsing</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Wysig afdeling: Onderwys en navorsing" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Onderwys en navorsing">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Xuhui_Liberary_Scene_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Xuhui_Liberary_Scene_01.jpg/250px-Xuhui_Liberary_Scene_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Xuhui_Liberary_Scene_01.jpg/330px-Xuhui_Liberary_Scene_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="426" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Shanghai Jiao Tong Universiteit se biblioteek</figcaption></figure> Shanghai is 'n internasionale sentrum van navorsing en ontwikkeling en is 5de in die hele Asië- en 2de in die Oseanië-streek (na Beijing) volgens wetenskaplike navorsingsuitsette, soos nagespeur deur die Natuurindeks.<a href="#cite_note-:3-61">[61]</a> Dit is ook 'n belangrike sentrum van hoër onderwys in China. Teen die einde van 2019 het Shanghai 64 universiteite en kolleges, 929 sekondêre skole, 698 laerskole en 31 spesiale skole gehad. 'n Aantal van China se mees gesogte universiteite wat op die wêreldwye universiteitsranglys verskyn, is in Shanghai geleë. Shanghai is 'n setel van twee lede (Fudan Universiteit en Shanghai Jiao Tong Universiteit) van die C9-liga, 'n alliansie van elite Chinese universiteite wat omvattende en toonaangewende onderwys bied,<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> en hierdie twee universiteite is gerangskik in die wêreldwye top 100 navorsing omvattende universiteite volgens die mees invloedryke universiteitsranglys in die wêreld soos QS Rankings, Shanghai Rankings, en Times Higher Education Rankings.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> Die ander twee lede van die "Projek 985", Tongji Universiteit en East China Normal University, is ook gebaseer in Shanghai en internasionaal; hulle word beskou as van die mees gerespekteerde Chinese universiteite deur die Times Higher Education World Reputation Rankings waar hulle wêreldwyd 150-175ste gerangskik het.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> In Shanghai bestaan daar nege jaar van gratis verpligte onderwys – insluitend vyf jaar primêre onderwys en vier jaar junior sekondêre onderwys, met 'n bruto inskrywingsverhouding van meer as 99,9%. Die stad se verpligte onderwysstelsel is van die beste ter wêreld: in 2009 en 2012 het 15-jarige studente van Shanghai die eerste plek ingeneem in alle vakke (wiskunde, lees en wetenskap) in die Program vir Internasionale Studente-assessering, 'n wêreldwye studie van akademiese prestasie uitgevoer deur die <a href="/wiki/OESO" title="OESO">OESO</a>.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Die opeenvolgende driejaar- senior sekondêre onderwys word hoog aangeslaan, en gebruik die Senior Hoërskool-toelatingseksamen (Zhongkao) as 'n keuringsproses, met 'n bruto inskrywingsverhouding van 98%.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kultuur">Kultuur</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Wysig afdeling: Kultuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Kultuur">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:China_Pavilion_of_Expo_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/China_Pavilion_of_Expo_2010.jpg/220px-China_Pavilion_of_Expo_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/China_Pavilion_of_Expo_2010.jpg/330px-China_Pavilion_of_Expo_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/China_Pavilion_of_Expo_2010.jpg/440px-China_Pavilion_of_Expo_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Die China Kunsmuseum in Pudong</figcaption></figure> Die kultuur van Shanghai is gevorm deur 'n kombinasie van die nabygeleë Wuyue-kultuur en die "Oos ontmoet Wes" Haipai-kultuur. Wuyue-kultuur se invloed word gemanifesteer in die Shanghainese taal — wat dialektiese elemente van nabygeleë Jiaxing, Suzhou en Ningbo bevat—en Shanghai-kookkuns, wat deur Jiangsu- en Zhejiang-kookkuns beïnvloed is.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> Haipai-kultuur het ontstaan nadat Shanghai 'n welvarende hawe in die vroeë 20ste eeu geword het, met talle buitelanders van Europa, Amerika, Japan en Indië wat hul intrek in die stad geneem het.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Die kultuur versmelt elemente van Westerse kulture met die plaaslike Wuyue-kultuur, en die invloed daarvan strek tot die stad se literatuur, mode, argitektuur, musiek en kookkuns.<a href="#cite_note-The_Culture_of_Shanghai._Beijing-71">[71]</a> Die term Haipai – wat oorspronklik na 'n skilderskool in Shanghai verwys – is in 1920 deur 'n groep Beijing-skrywers geskep om sommige Shanghai-geleerdes te kritiseer omdat hulle kapitalisme en Westerse kultuur bewonder het.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> In die vroeë 21ste eeu is Shanghai erken as 'n nuwe invloed en inspirasie vir <a href="/wiki/Kuberpunk" title="Kuberpunk">kuberpunkkultuur</a>.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Futuristiese strukture, soos die Oriental Pearl-toring en die neonverligte Yan'an verhewe pad, is voorbeelde wat Shanghai se kuberpunk-beeld ’n hupstoot gegee het. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Wysig afdeling: Museums" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Museums">wysig bron</a>]</div> Kulturele aktiwiteite in Shanghai het aansienlike groei beleef sedert 2013, met verskeie nuwe museums wat in die stad geopen is.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> Dit is deels te danke aan die stad se 2018-ontwikkelingsplanne, wat daarop gemik is om van Shanghai "'n uitstekende globale stad" te maak.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> Die Shanghai Museum het een van die grootste versamelings van Chinese artefakte in die wêreld, insluitend 'n groot versameling van antieke Chinese brons en keramiek.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Die China Kunsmuseum, geleë in die voormalige China Pavilion van Expo 2010, is een van die grootste museums in Asië en vertoon 'n geanimeerde replika van die 12de eeuse skildery Langs die Rivier tydens die Qingming-fees.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> Die Shanghai Natuurhistoriese Museum en die Shanghai Wetenskap- en Tegnologiemuseum is noemenswaardige natuurgeskiedenis- en wetenskapmuseums. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kookkuns">Kookkuns</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Wysig afdeling: Kookkuns" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Kookkuns">wysig bron</a>]</div> <dl><dd><div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Die hoofartikel vir hierdie afdeling is: <a href="/wiki/Shanghai-kookkuns" title="Shanghai-kookkuns">Shanghai-kookkuns</a>.</div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Shanghai-style_borscht_at_Deda_Western_Restaurant_(20191114173345).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Shanghai-style_borscht_at_Deda_Western_Restaurant_%2820191114173345%29.jpg/220px-Shanghai-style_borscht_at_Deda_Western_Restaurant_%2820191114173345%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Shanghai-style_borscht_at_Deda_Western_Restaurant_%2820191114173345%29.jpg/330px-Shanghai-style_borscht_at_Deda_Western_Restaurant_%2820191114173345%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Shanghai-style_borscht_at_Deda_Western_Restaurant_%2820191114173345%29.jpg/440px-Shanghai-style_borscht_at_Deda_Western_Restaurant_%2820191114173345%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3827" data-file-height="2551" /></a><figcaption>Tamatiepasta vervang beet in Shanghai-styl borsjt.</figcaption></figure> Benbang-kookkuns (本帮菜)<a href="#cite_note-kankanews-78">[78]</a> het in die 1600's ontstaan, met invloede van omliggende provinsies. Dit beklemtoon die gebruik van speserye terwyl die oorspronklike geure van die rou bestanddele behoue bly. <a href="/wiki/Suiker" title="Suiker">Suiker</a> is 'n belangrike bestanddeel in Benbang-kookkuns, veral wanneer dit in kombinasie met sojasous gebruik word. Kenmerkende geregte van Benbang-kookkuns sluit in Xiaolongbao, rooi gebraaide varklies, en Shanghai harige krap.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Haipai-kookkuns, aan die ander kant, is 'n Westers-beïnvloede kookstyl wat in Shanghai ontstaan het. Dit het elemente van Franse, Britse, Russiese, Duitse en Italiaanse kookkuns geabsorbeer en dit aangepas om by die plaaslike smaak te pas volgens die kenmerke van inheemse bestanddele.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Bekende geregte van Haipai-kookkuns sluit in Shanghai-styl <a href="/wiki/Borsjt" title="Borsjt">borsjt</a> (罗宋汤, "Russiese sop"), bros varkkotelette en Shanghai-slaai.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> Beide die Benbang- en Haipai-kookkunste berei 'n verskeidenheid <a href="/wiki/Seekos" title="Seekos">seekos</a>, insluitend <a href="/wiki/Varswatervis" title="Varswatervis">varswatervis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garnaal" title="Garnaal">garnale</a> en <a href="/wiki/Krap" title="Krap">krappe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kuns">Kuns</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Wysig afdeling: Kuns" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Kuns">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Renxiong_wan04s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Renxiong_wan04s.jpg/250px-Renxiong_wan04s.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Renxiong_wan04s.jpg/330px-Renxiong_wan04s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="767" /></a><figcaption>No. 4 of a Hundred Thousand Scenes deur Ren Xiong, 'n pionier van die Shanghai Chinese Kunsskool, c. 1850</figcaption></figure> Die Songjiang-skool, wat die Huating-skool bevat wat deur Gu Zhengyi gestig is,<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> was 'n klein skilderskool in Shanghai tydens die Ming- en Qing-dinastieë.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> Dit was verteenwoordig deur Dong Qichang.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> Die skool is beskou as 'n uitbreiding van die Wu-skool in Suzhou, die destydse kulturele sentrum van die Jiangnan-streek.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> In die middel van die 19de eeu het die Shanghai-skoolbeweging begin, wat minder gefokus het op die simboliek wat deur die Literati-styl beklemtoon word, maar meer op die visuele inhoud van skilder deur die gebruik van helder kleure. Sekulêre voorwerpe soos blomme en voëls is dikwels as temas gekies.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chinese_opera">Chinese opera</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Wysig afdeling: Chinese opera" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Chinese opera">wysig bron</a>]</div> Tradisionele Chinese opera (Xiqu) het in die laat 19de eeu 'n gewilde bron van openbare vermaak geword. In die vroeë 20ste eeu het monoloog en burleske in Shanghainese verskyn, wat elemente uit tradisionele dramas absorbeer. Die "Great World" het in 1912 geopen en was destyds 'n belangrike verhoog.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> In die 1920's het Pingtan van Suzhou na Shanghai uitgebrei.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> Pingtan-kuns het vinnig ontwikkel tot 103 programme elke dag teen die 1930's as gevolg van die oorvloed kommersiële radiostasies in die stad. Ongeveer dieselfde tyd het 'n Shanghai-styl van die Beijing Opera gevorm. Onder leiding van Zhou Xinfang en Gai Jiaotian het dit baie Xiqu-meesters, soos Mei Lanfang, na die stad gelok.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Drama_en_filmbedryf">Drama en filmbedryf</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Wysig afdeling: Drama en filmbedryf" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Drama en filmbedryf">wysig bron</a>]</div> Drama het in die laat-<a href="/wiki/19de_eeu" title="19de eeu">19de eeu</a> in sendingskole in Shanghai verskyn. Destyds is dit hoofsaaklik in Engels opgevoer. Scandals in Officialdom, opgevoer in 1899, was een van die vroegste opgeneemde toneelstukke.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> In 1907 is Life Among the Lowly (黑奴吁天录) in die Lyceum-teater opgevoer.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> Ná die Nuwe Kultuurbeweging het drama ’n gewilde manier geword vir studente en intellektuele om hul menings uit te druk. Die stad het verskeie groot institute van teateropleiding, insluitend die Shanghai Konservatorium vir Musiek, die Shanghai Dramatiese Kunstesentrum, die Shanghai Operahuis en die Shanghai Teaterakademie. Bekende teaters in Shanghai sluit die Shanghai Grand Theatre, die Oosterse Kunssentrum en die People's Theatre in. Shanghai word beskou as die geboorteplek van die Chinese <a href="/wiki/Rolprent" title="Rolprent">filmbedryf</a>.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> China se eerste kortfilm, The Difficult Couple (1913), en die land se eerste fiktiewe speelfilm, An Orphan Rescues His Grandfather (1923)<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> is albei in Shanghai vervaardig. Shanghai se filmbedryf het gedurende die vroeë 1930's gegroei en verskeie sterre opgelewer. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mode">Mode</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Wysig afdeling: Mode" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Mode">wysig bron</a>]</div> Sedert 2001 het Shanghai twee keer elke jaar in April en Oktober sy eie <a href="/wiki/Modeweek" title="Modeweek">modeweek</a> genaamd Shanghai Fashion Week gehou. Die hooflokaal is in Fuxing Park, en die openings- en sluitingseremonies word in die Shanghai Modesentrum gehou. Die April-sessie is ook deel van die Shanghai Internasionale Modekultuurfees van een maand.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> Shanghai Modeweek word beskou as 'n gebeurtenis van nasionale betekenis wat beide internasionale en Chinese ontwerpers insluit. Die internasionale teenwoordigheid het baie belowende jong Britse mode-ontwerpers ingesluit.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> Die geleentheid word aangebied deur die Shanghai Munisipale Regering en ondersteun deur die Volksrepubliek se Ministerie van Handel.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vervoer">Vervoer</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Wysig afdeling: Vervoer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Vervoer">wysig bron</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Openbare_vervoer">Openbare vervoer</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Wysig afdeling: Openbare vervoer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Openbare vervoer">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:0159_entering_Lianhua_Road_Station_(20180211162025).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/0159_entering_Lianhua_Road_Station_%2820180211162025%29.jpg/220px-0159_entering_Lianhua_Road_Station_%2820180211162025%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/0159_entering_Lianhua_Road_Station_%2820180211162025%29.jpg/330px-0159_entering_Lianhua_Road_Station_%2820180211162025%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/0159_entering_Lianhua_Road_Station_%2820180211162025%29.jpg/440px-0159_entering_Lianhua_Road_Station_%2820180211162025%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4408" data-file-height="2922" /></a><figcaption>Die Shanghai Metro is die wëreld se langste metrostelsel.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Shanghai_Metro_Network_en.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Shanghai_Metro_Network_en.png/220px-Shanghai_Metro_Network_en.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Shanghai_Metro_Network_en.png/330px-Shanghai_Metro_Network_en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Shanghai_Metro_Network_en.png/440px-Shanghai_Metro_Network_en.png 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="4500" /></a><figcaption>Shanghai Metro-netwerk</figcaption></figure> Shanghai het 'n uitgebreide openbare vervoerstelsel wat bestaan uit metro's, busse, veerbote en taxi's, wat almal toeganklik is met 'n Shanghai Openbare Vervoerkaart.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> Shanghai se snelvervoerstelsel, die Shanghai-metro, inkorporeer beide metro- en ligte metrolyne en strek tot in al die stedelike kerndistrikte sowel as naburige voorstedelike distrikte. Teen 2021 is daar 19 metrolyne (die Shanghai maglev-trein en Jinshan-spoorweg uitgesluit), 515 stasies en 803 km se lyne in werking, wat dit die langste netwerk ter wêreld maak. Op 8 Maart 2019 het dit die stad se daaglikse metropassasiersrekord opgestel met 13,3 miljoen.<a href="#cite_note-record-99">[99]</a> Die gemiddelde tarief wissel van CN¥3 (VS$0.48) tot CN¥9 (VS$1.28), afhangende van die reisafstand.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:A_maglev_train_coming_out,_Pudong_International_Airport,_Shanghai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/A_maglev_train_coming_out%2C_Pudong_International_Airport%2C_Shanghai.jpg/220px-A_maglev_train_coming_out%2C_Pudong_International_Airport%2C_Shanghai.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/A_maglev_train_coming_out%2C_Pudong_International_Airport%2C_Shanghai.jpg/330px-A_maglev_train_coming_out%2C_Pudong_International_Airport%2C_Shanghai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/A_maglev_train_coming_out%2C_Pudong_International_Airport%2C_Shanghai.jpg/440px-A_maglev_train_coming_out%2C_Pudong_International_Airport%2C_Shanghai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2338" data-file-height="1259" /></a><figcaption>'n Maglev-trein verlaat Pudong Internasionale Lughawe</figcaption></figure> Die Shanghai-maglev-trein, wat in 2004 geopen is, is die eerste en die vinnigste kommersiële hoëspoed-maglev in die wêreld, met 'n maksimum werkspoed van 430 km/h.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> Die trein kan die rit van 30 km tussen Longyang Road-stasie en Pudong Internasionale Lughawe in 7 minute 20 sekondes aflê,<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> in vergelyking met 32 minute per Metrolyn 2<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> en 30 minute per motor.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> 'n Eenrigtingkaartjie kos CN¥50 (VS$8), of CN¥40 (VS$6,40) vir diegene met vliegtuigkaartjies of openbare vervoerkaarte. 'n Retoerkaartjie kos CN¥80 (VS$12,80), en BBP-kaartjies kos dubbel die standaardtarief.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paaie_en_snelweë">Paaie en snelweë</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Wysig afdeling: Paaie en snelweë" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Paaie en snelweë">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Yan%27an_East_Road_Interchange,_Shanghai,_China_(Unsplash).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Yan%27an_East_Road_Interchange%2C_Shanghai%2C_China_%28Unsplash%29.jpg/220px-Yan%27an_East_Road_Interchange%2C_Shanghai%2C_China_%28Unsplash%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Yan%27an_East_Road_Interchange%2C_Shanghai%2C_China_%28Unsplash%29.jpg/330px-Yan%27an_East_Road_Interchange%2C_Shanghai%2C_China_%28Unsplash%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Yan%27an_East_Road_Interchange%2C_Shanghai%2C_China_%28Unsplash%29.jpg/440px-Yan%27an_East_Road_Interchange%2C_Shanghai%2C_China_%28Unsplash%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3992" data-file-height="2992" /></a><figcaption>Wisseling tussen Yan'an-hoëpad en Noord–Suid-hoëpad</figcaption></figure> Shanghai is 'n belangrike middelpunt van China se snelwegnetwerk. Baie nasionale snelweë (voorvoegsel met die letter G) gaan deur of eindig in Shanghai, insluitend Jinghu Expressway (oorvleuel met Hurong Expressway), Shenhai Expressway, Hushaan Expressway, Huyu Expressway, Hukun Expressway (oorvleuel met Hangzhou Bay Ring Expressway), en Shanghai Ringsnelweg.<a href="#cite_note-expresswayshanghai-106">[106]</a> Teen 2019 het Shanghai 'n totaal van 12 brûe en 14 tonnels wat die Huangpu-rivier oorsteek.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> Die Shanghai Yangtzerivierbrug is die stad se enigste brug-tonnelkompleks oor die <a href="/wiki/Yangtze" title="Yangtze">Yangtzerivier</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spoorpendel">Spoorpendel</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Wysig afdeling: Spoorpendel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Spoorpendel">wysig bron</a>]</div> Shanghai het vier groot spoorwegstasies: Shanghai-treinstasie, Shanghai-Suid-treinstasie, Shanghai-Wes-treinstasie, en Shanghai Hongqiao-treinstasie.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Almal is aan die metronetwerk gekoppel en dien as spilpunte vir die spoorwegnetwerk van China. Shanghai het ongeveer twintig spoorlyne wat onder hierdie stad loop, wat inwoners se lewe in Shanghai grootliks vergemaklik. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lug_en_see">Lug en see</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Wysig afdeling: Lug en see" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: Lug en see">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Shanghai_Pudong_International_Airport_Interior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Shanghai_Pudong_International_Airport_Interior.jpg/220px-Shanghai_Pudong_International_Airport_Interior.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Shanghai_Pudong_International_Airport_Interior.jpg/330px-Shanghai_Pudong_International_Airport_Interior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Shanghai_Pudong_International_Airport_Interior.jpg/440px-Shanghai_Pudong_International_Airport_Interior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="568" /></a><figcaption>Binne <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Pudong_Internasionale_Lughawe" title="Shanghai Pudong Internasionale Lughawe">Shanghai Pudong Internasionale Lughawe</a> Terminaal 1</figcaption></figure> Shanghai is een van die grootste lugvervoerspilpunte in Asië.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> Die stad het twee kommersiële lughawens: <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Pudong_Internasionale_Lughawe" title="Shanghai Pudong Internasionale Lughawe">Shanghai Pudong Internasionale Lughawe</a> en Shanghai Hongqiao Internasionale Lughawe.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> Pudong Lughawe is die primêre internasionale lughawe, terwyl Hongqiao Lughawe hoofsaaklik binnelandse vlugte met kortafstand internasionale vlugte bedryf. In 2018 het Pudong 74,0 miljoen passasiers bedien en 3,8 miljoen ton vrag hanteer, wat dit die negende besigste lughawe volgens passasiersvolume en derde besigste lughawe volgens vragvolume maak.<a href="#cite_note-aerodata-112">[112]</a> Dieselfde jaar het Hongqiao 43,6 miljoen passasiers bedien, wat dit die 19de besigste lughawe volgens passasiersvolume maak.<a href="#cite_note-aerodata-112">[112]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Yangshan-Port-Containers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Yangshan-Port-Containers.jpg/220px-Yangshan-Port-Containers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Yangshan-Port-Containers.jpg/330px-Yangshan-Port-Containers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Yangshan-Port-Containers.jpg/440px-Yangshan-Port-Containers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Shanghai beskik oor die wêreld se besigste houerhawe, die Yangshan Port.</figcaption></figure> Sedert sy opening het die hawe van Shanghai vinnig gegroei tot die grootste hawe in China.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> Yangshan-hawe is in 2005 gebou omdat die rivier nie geskik was om groot houerskepe aan te dok nie. Die hawe is met die vasteland verbind deur die 32-kilometerlange Donghai-brug. Alhoewel die hawe deur die Shanghai International Port Group onder die regering van Shanghai bestuur word, behoort dit administratief aan Shengsi County, Zhejiang.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> Nadat dit die hawe van Singapoer in 2010 verbygesteek het,<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> het die hawe van Shanghai die wêreld se besigste houerhawe geword met 'n jaarlikse TEU-vervoer van 42 miljoen in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-Lloyd's2019-116">[116]</a> Benewens vrag, het die hawe van Shanghai ook 259 bootvaarte en 1,89 miljoen passasiers in 2019 hanteer. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Wysig afdeling: Sport" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section's source code: Sport">wysig bron</a>]</div> Van 2 tot 11 Oktober 2007 het die Spesiale Olimpiese Spele Wêreld Somerspele in die stad plaasgevind. 7 000 atlete met 'n verstandelike gestremdheid het deelgeneem. In 2008 was Shanghai besig om die infrastruktuur op allerhande plekke te verbeter, soos 'n bykomende ringpad, die bou van 'n uitgebreide metro-spoornetwerk en verbeterings aan die spoorweë en hawens. Baie aandag is ook gegee aan die voorbereidings vir die Expo 2010 wat in Shanghai plaasgevind het. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sokker_en_basketbal">Sokker en basketbal</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Wysig afdeling: Sokker en basketbal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section's source code: Sokker en basketbal">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:YaoMingoffense.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/YaoMingoffense.jpg/250px-YaoMingoffense.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/YaoMingoffense.jpg/330px-YaoMingoffense.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/YaoMingoffense.jpg/500px-YaoMingoffense.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1730" data-file-height="1409" /></a><figcaption>Yao Ming is in Shanghai gebore. Hy het sy loopbaan by die Shanghai Sharks begin.</figcaption></figure> Shanghai is die tuiste van verskeie sokkerspanne, insluitend twee in die Chinese Superliga: Shanghai Shenhua<a href="#cite_note-绿地宣布接手申花_朱骏时代宣告终结-117">[117]</a> en Shanghai Port.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> China se topvlak-basketbalspan, die Shanghai Sharks van die Chinese Basketbalvereniging, het Yao Ming ontwikkel voordat hy by die Amerikaanse NBA aangesluit het.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-yao_ming-120">[120]</a> Shanghai se bofbalspan, die Shanghai Golden Eagles, speel in die China bofballiga.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Krieket">Krieket</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Wysig afdeling: Krieket" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section's source code: Krieket">wysig bron</a>]</div> Die Shanghai-krieketklub dateer terug na 1858 toe die eerste aangetekende krieketwedstryd tussen 'n span Britse vlootoffisiere en 'n Shanghai 11 gespeel is. Die klub is in 1994 weer op die been gebring deur uitgewekenes wat in die stad woon en het sedertdien tot meer as 300 lede gegroei. Die Shanghai krieketspan het verskeie internasionale wedstryde tussen 1866 en 1948 gespeel. Met krieket wat amper nie bestaan het in die res van China nie, was hulle vir daardie tydperk die de facto Chinese nasionale krieketspan.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Wysig afdeling: Eksterne skakels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne skakels">wysig bron</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikimedia Commons logo"><img alt="Wikimedia Commons logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> het meer media in die kategorie <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shanghai" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Shanghai">Shanghai</a>.</li> <li>(zh) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shanghai.gov.cn/">Amptelike webwerf van die Munisipaliteit Sjanghai</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings">wysig bron</a>]</div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-3" style="-moz-column-count: 3; -webkit-column-count: 3; column-count: 3; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:1-1">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-0">1,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-1">1,1</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFTöre" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Töre, Özgür. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ftnnews.com/other-news/35281-wttc-reveals-the-world-s-best-performing-tourism-cities">"WTTC reveals the world's best performing tourism cities"</a>. ftnnews.com (in Engels (VK)). Besoek op 7 Augustus 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ftnnews.com&rft.atitle=WTTC+reveals+the+world%27s+best+performing+tourism+cities&rft.aulast=T%C3%B6re&rft.aufirst=%C3%96zg%C3%BCr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fftnnews.com%2Fother-news%2F35281-wttc-reveals-the-world-s-best-performing-tourism-cities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-2"><a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFNagraj2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nagraj, Aarti (7 Maart 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gulfbusiness.com/revealed-worlds-top-10-cities-five-star-hotels/">"Revealed: World's top 10 cities with the most five-star hotels"</a>. Gulf Business (in Engels (VSA)). Besoek op 7 Augustus 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gulf+Business&rft.atitle=Revealed%3A+World%27s+top+10+cities+with+the+most+five-star+hotels&rft.date=2018-03-07&rft.aulast=Nagraj&rft.aufirst=Aarti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgulfbusiness.com%2Frevealed-worlds-top-10-cities-five-star-hotels%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-census-3">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-census_3-0">3,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-census_3-1">3,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-census_3-2">3,2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-census_3-3">3,3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-census_3-4">3,4</a> <a href="#cite_ref-census_3-5">3,5</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130501203925/http://www.stats-sh.gov.cn/tjnj/nje11.htm?d1=2011tjnje%2FE0226.htm">"Basic Statistics on National Population Census"</a>. Shanghai Bureau of Statistics. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats-sh.gov.cn/tjnj/nje11.htm?d1=2011tjnje/E0226.htm">die oorspronklike</a> op 1 Mei 2013. Besoek op 25 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Basic+Statistics+on+National+Population+Census&rft.pub=Shanghai+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats-sh.gov.cn%2Ftjnj%2Fnje11.htm%3Fd1%3D2011tjnje%2FE0226.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SHSTAT2018:2.1-4">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-SHSTAT2018:2.1_4-0">4,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SHSTAT2018:2.1_4-1">4,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SHSTAT2018:2.1_4-2">4,2</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tjj.sh.gov.cn/tjnj/nje18.htm?d1=2018tjnje/E0201.htm">"2.1 Total households, Population, Density of registered Population and life expectancy (1978～2017)"</a>. Shanghai Municipal Statistics Bureau. Besoek op 1 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2.1+Total+households%2C+Population%2C+Density+of+registered+Population+and+life+expectancy+%281978%EF%BD%9E2017%29&rft.pub=Shanghai+Municipal+Statistics+Bureau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftjj.sh.gov.cn%2Ftjnj%2Fnje18.htm%3Fd1%3D2018tjnje%2FE0201.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SHECO2018-5"><a href="#cite_ref-SHECO2018_5-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190502183918/http://www.stats-sh.gov.cn/html/sjfb/201903/1003219.html"><bdi lang="zh">2018年上海市国民经济和社会发展统计公报</bdi></a> [Statistical Communiqué of Shanghai on the 2018 National Economic and Social Development]. tjj.sh.gov.cn (in Chinees). Shanghai Municipal Statistics Bureau. 1 Maart 2019. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tjj.sh.gov.cn/html/sjfb/201903/1003219.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 2 Mei 2019. Besoek op 1 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tjj.sh.gov.cn&rft.atitle=2018%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%92%8C%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5&rft.date=2019-03-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftjj.sh.gov.cn%2Fhtml%2Fsjfb%2F201903%2F1003219.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SHECO2019-6">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-SHECO2019_6-0">6,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SHECO2019_6-1">6,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SHECO2019_6-2">6,2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SHECO2019_6-3">6,3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SHECO2019_6-4">6,4</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREF上海市统计局2020" class="citation web cs1">上海市统计局 (9 Maart 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tjj.sh.gov.cn/tjgb/20200329/05f0f4abb2d448a69e4517f6a6448819.html">"2019年上海市国民经济和社会发展统计公报"</a>. 上海市统计局.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80&rft.atitle=2019%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%92%8C%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5&rft.date=2020-03-09&rft.au=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftjj.sh.gov.cn%2Ftjgb%2F20200329%2F05f0f4abb2d448a69e4517f6a6448819.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110926215836/https://www.stats-sh.gov.cn/fxbg/201109/232747.html"><bdi lang="zh">上海人口分布呈现城市化发展和郊区化安居态势</bdi></a>. Shanghai Statistics Bureau of Statistics. 23 September 2011. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats-sh.gov.cn/fxbg/201109/232747.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 26 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%91%88%E7%8E%B0%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%8C%96%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E5%92%8C%E9%83%8A%E5%8C%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%AE%89%E5%B1%85%E6%80%81%E5%8A%BF&rft.pub=Shanghai+Statistics+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.date=2011-09-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats-sh.gov.cn%2Ffxbg%2F201109%2F232747.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-chan_paper-8"><a href="#cite_ref-chan_paper_8-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFChan2007" class="citation journal cs1">Chan, Kam Wing (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130115173048/http://courses.washington.edu/chinageo/ChanCityDefinitionsEGE2007.pdf">"Misconceptions and Complexities in the Study of China's Cities: Definitions, Statistics, and Implications"</a> (PDF). Eurasian Geography and Economics. 48 (4): 383–412. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2747%2F1538-7216.48.4.383">10.2747/1538-7216.48.4.383</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153676671">153676671</a>. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://courses.washington.edu/chinageo/ChanCityDefinitionsEGE2007.pdf">die oorspronklike</a> (PDF) op 15 Januarie 2013. Besoek op 13 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eurasian+Geography+and+Economics&rft.atitle=Misconceptions+and+Complexities+in+the+Study+of+China%27s+Cities%3A+Definitions%2C+Statistics%2C+and+Implications&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=383-412&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2747%2F1538-7216.48.4.383&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A153676671%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Chan&rft.aufirst=Kam+Wing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcourses.washington.edu%2Fchinageo%2FChanCityDefinitionsEGE2007.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> bl. 395 </li> <li id="cite_note-OECD-9"><a href="#cite_ref-OECD_9-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFJustina2016" class="citation news cs1">Justina, Crabtree (20 September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2016/09/20/biggest-megacities-in-china.html">"A tale of megacities: China's largest metropolises"</a>. CNBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171209044105/https://www.cnbc.com/2016/09/20/biggest-megacities-in-china.html">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 9 Desember 2017. Besoek op 8 Desember 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+tale+of+megacities%3A+China%27s+largest+metropolises&rft.date=2016-09-20&rft.aulast=Justina&rft.aufirst=Crabtree&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2016%2F09%2F20%2Fbiggest-megacities-in-china.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SHSTAT2018:2.11-10"><a href="#cite_ref-SHSTAT2018:2.11_10-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tjj.sh.gov.cn/tjnj/nje18.htm?d1=2018tjnje/E0211.htm">"2.11 Resident Foreigners in Shanghai in main years"</a>. stats-sh.gov.cn. Shanghai Municipal Statistics Bureau. Besoek op 1 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=stats-sh.gov.cn&rft.atitle=2.11+Resident+Foreigners+in+Shanghai+in+main+years&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftjj.sh.gov.cn%2Ftjnj%2Fnje18.htm%3Fd1%3D2018tjnje%2FE0211.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wpr-11"><a href="#cite_ref-wpr_11-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/shanghai-population/">"Shanghai Population 2015 – World Population Review"</a>. worldpopulationreview.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151124061733/http://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/shanghai-population/">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 24 November 2015. Besoek op 23 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=worldpopulationreview.com&rft.atitle=Shanghai+Population+2015+%E2%80%93+World+Population+Review&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldpopulationreview.com%2Fworld-cities%2Fshanghai-population%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xinhuanet.com/2019-02/14/c_1124113873.htm"><bdi lang="zh">上海户籍人口人均期望寿命83.63岁，女性超86岁</bdi></a>. Xinhua News (in Chinese (China)). 14 Februarie 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190822020543/http://www.xinhuanet.com/2019-02/14/c_1124113873.htm">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 22 Augustus 2019. Besoek op 22 Augustus 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Xinhua+News&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E6%88%B7%E7%B1%8D%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E4%BA%BA%E5%9D%87%E6%9C%9F%E6%9C%9B%E5%AF%BF%E5%91%BD83.63%E5%B2%81%EF%BC%8C%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E8%B6%8586%E5%B2%81&rft.date=2019-02-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xinhuanet.com%2F2019-02%2F14%2Fc_1124113873.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SHSTAT2018:2.6-13"><a href="#cite_ref-SHSTAT2018:2.6_13-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tjj.sh.gov.cn/tjnj/nje18.htm?d1=2018tjnje/E0206.htm">"2.6 Age structure of registered population in Districts (2017)"</a>. stats-sh.gov.cn. Shanghai Municipal Statistics Bureau. Besoek op 1 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=stats-sh.gov.cn&rft.atitle=2.6+Age+structure+of+registered+population+in+Districts+%282017%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftjj.sh.gov.cn%2Ftjnj%2Fnje18.htm%3Fd1%3D2018tjnje%2FE0206.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFRoxburgh2018" class="citation web cs1">Roxburgh, Helen (19 Maart 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2018/mar/19/plan-big-city-disease-populations-fall-beijing-shanghai">"China's radical plan to limit the populations of Beijing and Shanghai"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180409171520/https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2018/mar/19/plan-big-city-disease-populations-fall-beijing-shanghai">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 9 April 2018. Besoek op 8 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=China%27s+radical+plan+to+limit+the+populations+of+Beijing+and+Shanghai&rft.date=2018-03-19&rft.aulast=Roxburgh&rft.aufirst=Helen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcities%2F2018%2Fmar%2F19%2Fplan-big-city-disease-populations-fall-beijing-shanghai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CFPS2012-15"><a href="#cite_ref-CFPS2012_15-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140809051625/http://iwr.cass.cn/zjwh/201403/W020140303370398758556.pdf"><bdi lang="zh">当代中国宗教状况报告——基于CFPS（2012）调查数据</bdi></a> [China Family Panel Studies 2012] (PDF). Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. 3 Maart 2014. p. 13. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iwr.cass.cn/zjwh/201403/W020140303370398758556.pdf">die oorspronklike</a> (PDF) op 9 Augustus 2014. Besoek op 7 Augustus 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%BD%93%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%8A%B6%E5%86%B5%E6%8A%A5%E5%91%8A%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%8ECFPS%EF%BC%882012%EF%BC%89%E8%B0%83%E6%9F%A5%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Chinese+Academy+of+Social+Sciences&rft.date=2014-03-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fiwr.cass.cn%2Fzjwh%2F201403%2FW020140303370398758556.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Buddhism-16">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Buddhism_16-0">16,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Buddhism_16-1">16,1</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191023041825/http://mzzj.sh.gov.cn/mzw/zj-fojiao/"><bdi lang="zh">上海市佛教概况</bdi></a> [An overview of Buddhism in Shanghai]. Shanghai Ethnic and Religions (in Chinees). 29 September 2003. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mzzj.sh.gov.cn/mzw/zj-fojiao/">die oorspronklike</a> op 23 Oktober 2019. Besoek op 23 Oktober 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shanghai+Ethnic+and+Religions&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E6%A6%82%E5%86%B5&rft.date=2003-09-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmzzj.sh.gov.cn%2Fmzw%2Fzj-fojiao%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shtong.gov.cn/Newsite/node2/node2245/node75195/node75200/node75234/node75246/userobject1ai90985.html"><bdi lang="zh">第一节玉佛寺</bdi></a> [Chapter One: Jade Buddha Temple]. Office of Shanghai Chronicles (in Chinees). 21 Maart 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191023041827/http://www.shtong.gov.cn/Newsite/node2/node2245/node75195/node75200/node75234/node75246/userobject1ai90985.html">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 23 Oktober 2019. Besoek op 23 Oktober 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+of+Shanghai+Chronicles&rft.atitle=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E8%8A%82+%E7%8E%89%E4%BD%9B%E5%AF%BA&rft.date=2007-03-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shtong.gov.cn%2FNewsite%2Fnode2%2Fnode2245%2Fnode75195%2Fnode75200%2Fnode75234%2Fnode75246%2Fuserobject1ai90985.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191023041826/http://mzzj.sh.gov.cn/mzw/sh-zongjiao/"><bdi lang="zh">上海宗教简介</bdi></a> [Brief introduction to the religions in Shanghai]. Shanghai Ethnic and Religions (in Chinees). 25 Desember 2014. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mzzj.sh.gov.cn/mzw/sh-zongjiao/">die oorspronklike</a> op 23 Oktober 2019. Besoek op 23 Oktober 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shanghai+Ethnic+and+Religions&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B&rft.date=2014-12-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmzzj.sh.gov.cn%2Fmzw%2Fsh-zongjiao%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191023041853/http://mzzj.sh.gov.cn/mzw/zj-tianzhu/"><bdi lang="zh">上海天主教概况</bdi></a> [An overview of Catholicism in Shanghai]. Shanghai Ethnic and Religions (in Chinees). 19 September 2003. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mzzj.sh.gov.cn/mzw/zj-tianzhu/">die oorspronklike</a> op 23 Oktober 2019. Besoek op 24 Oktober 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shanghai+Ethnic+and+Religions&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%A6%82%E5%86%B5&rft.date=2003-09-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmzzj.sh.gov.cn%2Fmzw%2Fzj-tianzhu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191024001012/http://mzzj.sh.gov.cn/mzw/zjtz-jiaoqu/"><bdi lang="zh">天主教上海教区</bdi></a> [Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai]. Shanghai Ethnic and Religions (in Chinees). 19 September 2003. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mzzj.sh.gov.cn/mzw/zjtz-jiaoqu/">die oorspronklike</a> op 24 Oktober 2019. Besoek op 24 Oktober 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shanghai+Ethnic+and+Religions&rft.atitle=%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E6%95%99%E5%8C%BA&rft.date=2003-09-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmzzj.sh.gov.cn%2Fmzw%2Fzjtz-jiaoqu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191024001015/http://www.xuhui.gov.cn/xhbm/bmyu/20180605/014_34a48e8b-6c0a-4ee5-9146-0987d47e7486.htm"><bdi lang="zh">徐家汇天主教堂</bdi></a> [Xujiahui Catholic Church] (in Chinees). Xuhui District People's Government. 6 Mei 2018. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xuhui.gov.cn/xhbm/bmyu/20180605/014_34a48e8b-6c0a-4ee5-9146-0987d47e7486.htm">die oorspronklike</a> op 24 Oktober 2019. Besoek op 24 Oktober 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%BE%90%E5%AE%B6%E6%B1%87%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82&rft.pub=Xuhui+District+People%27s+Government&rft.date=2018-05-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xuhui.gov.cn%2Fxhbm%2Fbmyu%2F20180605%2F014_34a48e8b-6c0a-4ee5-9146-0987d47e7486.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.travelchinaguide.com/cityguides/shanghai/churches.htm">"Famous Churches in Shanghai"</a>. Travel China Guide. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191024001012/https://www.travelchinaguide.com/cityguides/shanghai/churches.htm">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 24 Oktober 2019. Besoek op 24 Oktober 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Travel+China+Guide&rft.atitle=Famous+Churches+in+Shanghai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.travelchinaguide.com%2Fcityguides%2Fshanghai%2Fchurches.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFParker2019" class="citation web cs1">Parker, Rupert (15 Desember 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210506125801/https://www.thejc.com/lifestyle/travel/holidays/the-jews-of-shanghai-china-1.494295">"The Jews of Shanghai"</a>. The JC. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejc.com/lifestyle/travel/holidays/the-jews-of-shanghai-china-1.494295">die oorspronklike</a> op 6 Mei 2021. Besoek op 30 Junie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+JC&rft.atitle=The+Jews+of+Shanghai&rft.date=2019-12-15&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=Rupert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejc.com%2Flifestyle%2Ftravel%2Fholidays%2Fthe-jews-of-shanghai-china-1.494295&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Chinese-languages">"Chinese languages"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180220025100/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Chinese-languages">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 20 Februarie 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Chinese+languages&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FChinese-languages&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CZMShanghainese-25">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-CZMShanghainese_25-0">25,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CZMShanghainese_25-1">25,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CZMShanghainese_25-2">25,2</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFChen" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Chen, Zhongmin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wu-chinese.com/wu-chinese/SH100years.doc"><bdi lang="zh">上海市区话语音一百多年来的演变</bdi></a> [Changes in the downtown Shanghainese pronunciations in the past one hundred years] (in Chinees). p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110820235310/http://wu-chinese.com/wu-chinese/SH100years.doc">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 20 Augustus 2011. Besoek op 24 Oktober 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E5%8C%BA%E8%AF%9D%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E4%B8%80%E7%99%BE%E5%A4%9A%E5%B9%B4%E6%9D%A5%E7%9A%84%E6%BC%94%E5%8F%98&rft.pages=1&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Zhongmin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwu-chinese.com%2Fwu-chinese%2FSH100years.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFYou2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script">You, Rujie (16 Oktober 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shobserver.com/news/detail?id=110722"><bdi lang="zh">“上海闲话”和“本地闲话”为何差别这么大?</bdi></a>. Shanghai Observer. Besoek op 25 Oktober 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shanghai+Observer&rft.atitle=%E2%80%9C%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E9%97%B2%E8%AF%9D%E2%80%9D%E5%92%8C%E2%80%9C%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E9%97%B2%E8%AF%9D%E2%80%9D%E4%B8%BA%E4%BD%95%E5%B7%AE%E5%88%AB%E8%BF%99%E4%B9%88%E5%A4%A7%3F&rft.date=2018-10-16&rft.aulast=You&rft.aufirst=Rujie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shobserver.com%2Fnews%2Fdetail%3Fid%3D110722&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFZat_Liu2010" class="citation news cs1">Zat Liu (20 Augustus 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110903072555/http://www.cnngo.com/shanghai/life/shanghaihua-crisis-680262">"Is Shanghai's local dialect, and culture, in crisis?"</a>. CNN GO. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnngo.com/shanghai/life/shanghaihua-crisis-680262">die oorspronklike</a> op 3 September 2011. Besoek op 5 Junie 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN+GO&rft.atitle=Is+Shanghai%27s+local+dialect%2C+and+culture%2C+in+crisis%3F&rft.date=2010-08-20&rft.au=Zat+Liu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnngo.com%2Fshanghai%2Flife%2Fshanghaihua-crisis-680262&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFJia_Feishang2011" class="citation news cs1">Jia Feishang (13 Mei 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shanghaidaily.com/feature/art-and-culture/Stopping-the-local-dialect-becoming-derelict/shdaily.shtml">"Stopping the local dialect becoming derelict"</a>. Shanghai Daily. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170212091106/http://www.shanghaidaily.com/feature/art-and-culture/Stopping-the-local-dialect-becoming-derelict/shdaily.shtml">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 12 Februarie 2017. Besoek op 11 Februarie 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Shanghai+Daily&rft.atitle=Stopping+the+local+dialect+becoming+derelict&rft.date=2011-05-13&rft.au=Jia+Feishang&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shanghaidaily.com%2Ffeature%2Fart-and-culture%2FStopping-the-local-dialect-becoming-derelict%2Fshdaily.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFHunt2008" class="citation news cs1">Hunt, Katie (21 Mei 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7373394.stm">"Shanghai: China's capitalist showpiece"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080806011156/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7373394.stm">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 6 Augustus 2008. Besoek op 7 Augustus 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Shanghai%3A+China%27s+capitalist+showpiece&rft.date=2008-05-21&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=Katie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fbusiness%2F7373394.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050819054503/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/life/2003/01/27/stories/2003012700170300.htm">"Of Shanghai... and Suzhou"</a>. Business Line. 27 Januarie 2003. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/life/2003/01/27/stories/2003012700170300.htm">die oorspronklike</a> op 19 Augustus 2005. Besoek op 20 Maart 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Line&rft.atitle=Of+Shanghai...+and+Suzhou&rft.date=2003-01-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindubusinessline.com%2Flife%2F2003%2F01%2F27%2Fstories%2F2003012700170300.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zyen.com/media/documents/GFCI_26_Report_v1.0.pdf">"The Global Financial Centres Index 26"</a> (PDF). Z/Yen. September 2019. p. 17. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191003083940/https://www.zyen.com/media/documents/GFCI_26_Report_v1.0.pdf">Geargiveer</a> (PDF) vanaf die oorspronklike op 3 Oktober 2019. Besoek op 20 Oktober 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Z%2FYen&rft.atitle=The+Global+Financial+Centres+Index+26&rft.pages=17&rft.date=2019-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zyen.com%2Fmedia%2Fdocuments%2FGFCI_26_Report_v1.0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFYu2017" class="citation news cs1">Yu, Sheila (7 Maart 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://technode.com/2017/03/07/shanghai-tops-next-global-innovation-hub-ranking">"Shanghai tops next global innovation hub ranking"</a>. TechNode. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190831070105/https://technode.com/2017/03/07/shanghai-tops-next-global-innovation-hub-ranking/">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 31 Augustus 2019. Besoek op 31 Augustus 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TechNode&rft.atitle=Shanghai+tops+next+global+innovation+hub+ranking&rft.date=2017-03-07&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=Sheila&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechnode.com%2F2017%2F03%2F07%2Fshanghai-tops-next-global-innovation-hub-ranking&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scio.gov.cn/ztk/dtzt/07/03/Document/485318/485318.htm">"Dokument by www.scio.gov.cn"</a> (in Chinees). 4 Desember 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190904090216/http://www.scio.gov.cn/ztk/dtzt/07/03/Document/485318/485318.htm">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 4 September 2019. Besoek op 4 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dokument+by+www.scio.gov.cn&rft.date=2009-12-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scio.gov.cn%2Fztk%2Fdtzt%2F07%2F03%2FDocument%2F485318%2F485318.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldshipping.org/about-the-industry/global-trade/top-50-world-container-ports/">"Top 50 World Container Ports"</a>. World Shipping Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120704184751/http://www.worldshipping.org/about-the-industry/global-trade/top-50-world-container-ports">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 4 Julie 2012. Besoek op 15 Oktober 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Shipping+Council&rft.atitle=Top+50+World+Container+Ports&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldshipping.org%2Fabout-the-industry%2Fglobal-trade%2Ftop-50-world-container-ports%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CHINAGDP2019-35"><a href="#cite_ref-CHINAGDP2019_35-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2020-01/18/content_5470531.htm"><bdi lang="zh">2019年我国GDP近百万亿元，增长6.1%</bdi></a>. gov.cn (in Chinese (China)). Government of the People's Republic of China. 18 Januarie 2020. Besoek op 24 Maart 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gov.cn&rft.atitle=2019%E5%B9%B4%E6%88%91%E5%9B%BDGDP%E8%BF%91%E7%99%BE%E4%B8%87%E4%BA%BF%E5%85%83%EF%BC%8C%E5%A2%9E%E9%95%BF6.1%25&rft.date=2020-01-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.cn%2Fxinwen%2F2020-01%2F18%2Fcontent_5470531.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visualcapitalist.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Global-Wealth-PPP-Distribution.html">"Global Wealth PPP Distribution: Who Are The Leaders Of The Global Economy? - Full Size"</a>. www.visualcapitalist.com. Besoek op 22 Januarie 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.visualcapitalist.com&rft.atitle=Global+Wealth+PPP+Distribution%3A+Who+Are+The+Leaders+Of+The+Global+Economy%3F+-+Full+Size&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visualcapitalist.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2021%2F10%2FGlobal-Wealth-PPP-Distribution.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140304223405/http://www.stats-sh.gov.cn/sjfb/201103/84307.html"><bdi lang="zh">主要年份六大支柱产业增加值</bdi></a> (in Chinees). Shanghai Municipal Statistics Bureau. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats-sh.gov.cn/sjfb/201103/84307.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 4 Maart 2014. Besoek op 20 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%BD%E5%85%AD%E5%A4%A7%E6%94%AF%E6%9F%B1%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%9A%E5%A2%9E%E5%8A%A0%E5%80%BC&rft.pub=Shanghai+Municipal+Statistics+Bureau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats-sh.gov.cn%2Fsjfb%2F201103%2F84307.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://subsites.chinadaily.com.cn/ezhejiang/2022-01/21/c_700519.htm">"Zhejiang eclipsed only by Shanghai, Beijing in per capita disposable income"</a>. subsites.chinadaily.com.cn. Besoek op 13 Februarie 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=subsites.chinadaily.com.cn&rft.atitle=Zhejiang+eclipsed+only+by+Shanghai%2C+Beijing+in+per+capita+disposable+income&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsubsites.chinadaily.com.cn%2Fezhejiang%2F2022-01%2F21%2Fc_700519.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mobile.shanghaidaily.com/business/EIU-Chinese-cities-cost-less-to-live-in/shdaily.shtml">EIU: Chinese cities cost less to live in</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170322111115/http://mobile.shanghaidaily.com/business/EIU-Chinese-cities-cost-less-to-live-in/shdaily.shtml">Geargiveer</a> 22 Maart 2017 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Shanghai Daily, Ding Yining, 21 Maart 2017. </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliams" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Williams, Ollie A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/oliverwilliams1/2021/04/09/shanghai-is-now-the-most-expensive-city-in-the-world/">"Shanghai Is Now The Most Expensive City In The World"</a>. Forbes (in Engels). Besoek op 13 Februarie 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Shanghai+Is+Now+The+Most+Expensive+City+In+The+World&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Ollie+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Foliverwilliams1%2F2021%2F04%2F09%2Fshanghai-is-now-the-most-expensive-city-in-the-world%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-04-09/for-the-rich-living-in-asia-is-costlier-than-anywhere-else">"For the Rich, Living in Asia Is Costlier Than Anywhere Else"</a>. Bloomberg.com. 9 April 2021. Besoek op 13 Februarie 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg.com&rft.atitle=For+the+Rich%2C+Living+in+Asia+Is+Costlier+Than+Anywhere+Else&rft.date=2021-04-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2021-04-09%2Ffor-the-rich-living-in-asia-is-costlier-than-anywhere-else&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFWealth" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Wealth, New World. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220122050955/https://newworldwealth.com/reports/f/the-wealthiest-cities-in-the-world-2021">"The Wealthiest Cities in the World 2021"</a>. New World Wealth (in Engels). Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newworldwealth.com/reports/f/the-wealthiest-cities-in-the-world-2021">die oorspronklike</a> op 22 Januarie 2022. Besoek op 22 Januarie 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+World+Wealth&rft.atitle=The+Wealthiest+Cities+in+the+World+2021&rft.aulast=Wealth&rft.aufirst=New+World&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewworldwealth.com%2Freports%2Ff%2Fthe-wealthiest-cities-in-the-world-2021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFMcEvoy" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">McEvoy, Jemima. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/jemimamcevoy/2022/04/05/where-the-richest-live-the-cities-with-the-most-billionaires-2022/">"Where The Richest Live: The Cities With The Most Billionaires 2022"</a>. Forbes (in Engels). Besoek op 23 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Where+The+Richest+Live%3A+The+Cities+With+The+Most+Billionaires+2022&rft.aulast=McEvoy&rft.aufirst=Jemima&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fjemimamcevoy%2F2022%2F04%2F05%2Fwhere-the-richest-live-the-cities-with-the-most-billionaires-2022%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/10/cities-in-2035/">"These will be the most important cities by 2035"</a>. World Economic Forum (in Engels). Besoek op 3 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Economic+Forum&rft.atitle=These+will+be+the+most+important+cities+by+2035&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weforum.org%2Fagenda%2F2019%2F10%2Fcities-in-2035%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GFCI2-45"><a href="#cite_ref-GFCI2_45-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.longfinance.net/programmes/financial-centre-futures/global-financial-centres-index/gfci-28-explore-data/gfci-28-rank/">"GFCI 28 Rank"</a>. Long Finance. Besoek op 27 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Long+Finance&rft.atitle=GFCI+28+Rank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.longfinance.net%2Fprogrammes%2Ffinancial-centre-futures%2Fglobal-financial-centres-index%2Fgfci-28-explore-data%2Fgfci-28-rank%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFShukla2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Shukla, Vikas (19 Februarie 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.valuewalk.com/2019/02/top-10-largest-stock-exchanges/">"Top 10 Largest Stock Exchanges In The World By Market Capitalization"</a>. ValueWalk (in Engels (VSA)). Besoek op 20 Oktober 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ValueWalk&rft.atitle=Top+10+Largest+Stock+Exchanges+In+The+World+By+Market+Capitalization&rft.date=2019-02-19&rft.aulast=Shukla&rft.aufirst=Vikas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.valuewalk.com%2F2019%2F02%2Ftop-10-largest-stock-exchanges%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120118232503/http://english.cntv.cn/english/special/news/20110119/109180.shtml">"The rise of Lujiazui Financial City in Shanghai"</a>. CCTV News – CNTV English. 19 Januarie 2011. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.cntv.cn/english/special/news/20110119/109180.shtml">die oorspronklike</a> op 18 Januarie 2012. Besoek op 17 Mei 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+rise+of+Lujiazui+Financial+City+in+Shanghai&rft.pub=CCTV+News+%E2%80%93+CNTV+English&rft.date=2011-01-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.cntv.cn%2Fenglish%2Fspecial%2Fnews%2F20110119%2F109180.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hktdc.com-48">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-hktdc.com_48-0">48,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hktdc.com_48-1">48,1</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://china-trade-research.hktdc.com/business-news/article/Fast-Facts/SHANGHAI-MUNICIPALITY/ff/en/1/1X000000/1X06BVOR.htm">"Shanghai: Market Profile"</a>. HKTDC Research. 29 Maart 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191020060040/http://china-trade-research.hktdc.com/business-news/article/Fast-Facts/SHANGHAI-MUNICIPALITY/ff/en/1/1X000000/1X06BVOR.htm">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 20 Oktober 2019. Besoek op 20 Oktober 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HKTDC+Research&rft.atitle=Shanghai%3A+Market+Profile&rft.date=2019-03-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchina-trade-research.hktdc.com%2Fbusiness-news%2Farticle%2FFast-Facts%2FSHANGHAI-MUNICIPALITY%2Fff%2Fen%2F1%2F1X000000%2F1X06BVOR.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191021015554/https://www.iccaworld.org/dcps/doc.cfm?docid=2321">"2018 ICCA Statistics Report Country & City Rankings Public Abstract"</a>. International Congress and Convention Association. Junie 2019. p. 28. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iccaworld.org/dcps/doc.cfm?docid=2321">die oorspronklike</a> op 21 Oktober 2019. Besoek op 21 Oktober 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2018+ICCA+Statistics+Report+Country+%26+City+Rankings+Public+Abstract&rft.pages=28&rft.pub=International+Congress+and+Convention+Association&rft.date=2019-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iccaworld.org%2Fdcps%2Fdoc.cfm%3Fdocid%3D2321&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200329021310/https://www.iccaworld.org/dcps/doc.cfm?docid=2241">"2017 ICCA Statistics Report Country & City Rankings Public Abstract"</a>. International Congress and Convention Association. Junie 2018. p. 25. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iccaworld.org/dcps/doc.cfm?docid=2241">die oorspronklike</a> op 29 Maart 2020. Besoek op 21 Oktober 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2017+ICCA+Statistics+Report+Country+%26+City+Rankings+Public+Abstract&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=International+Congress+and+Convention+Association&rft.date=2018-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iccaworld.org%2Fdcps%2Fdoc.cfm%3Fdocid%3D2241&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bw/2009-11/30/content_9074353.htm">"Shipping industry woes"</a>. China Daily. 30 November 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110606062813/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bw/2009-11/30/content_9074353.htm">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 6 Junie 2011. Besoek op 17 Mei 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=China+Daily&rft.atitle=Shipping+industry+woes&rft.date=2009-11-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinadaily.com.cn%2Fbw%2F2009-11%2F30%2Fcontent_9074353.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200104/10/eng20010410_67333.html">"China's Largest Shipbuilding Industry Based in Shanghai"</a>. People's Daily. 10 April 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140116115328/http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200104/10/eng20010410_67333.html">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 16 Januarie 2014. Besoek op 15 Januarie 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=People%27s+Daily&rft.atitle=China%27s+Largest+Shipbuilding+Industry+Based+in+Shanghai&rft.date=2001-04-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.peopledaily.com.cn%2F200104%2F10%2Feng20010410_67333.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110529020940/https://www.saicgroup.com/English/sqjt/gsjs/index.shtml"><bdi lang="zh">上海汽车工业（集团）总公司|上汽集团</bdi></a>. Saicgroup. 18 Augustus 2009. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saicgroup.com/English/sqjt/gsjs/index.shtml">die oorspronklike</a> op 29 Mei 2011. Besoek op 17 Mei 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E6%B1%BD%E8%BD%A6%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%EF%BC%88%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%EF%BC%89%E6%80%BB%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%26%23124%3B%E4%B8%8A%E6%B1%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2&rft.pub=Saicgroup&rft.date=2009-08-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saicgroup.com%2FEnglish%2Fsqjt%2Fgsjs%2Findex.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SHChroniclesEnvir-54">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-SHChroniclesEnvir_54-0">54,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SHChroniclesEnvir_54-1">54,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SHChroniclesEnvir_54-2">54,2</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shtong.gov.cn/dfz_web/DFZ/PianInfo?idnode=4563&tableName=userobject1a&id=-1"><bdi lang="zh">上海通志第二卷自然环境</bdi></a> [General History of Shanghai – Volume 2. Natural environment] (in Chinees). Office of Shanghai Chronicles. 4 Julie 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181025041948/http://www.shtong.gov.cn/dfz_web/DFZ/PianInfo?idnode=4563&tableName=userobject1a&id=-1">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 25 Oktober 2018. Besoek op 5 Oktober 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E9%80%9A%E5%BF%97+%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%B7+%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83&rft.pub=Office+of+Shanghai+Chronicles&rft.date=2008-07-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shtong.gov.cn%2Fdfz_web%2FDFZ%2FPianInfo%3Fidnode%3D4563%26tableName%3Duserobject1a%26id%3D-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-topo-55">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-topo_55-0">55,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-topo_55-1">55,1</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shanghai.gov.cn/shanghai/node23919/node24059/node24061/userobject22ai36485.html">"Topographic Features"</a>. Basic Facts. Shanghai Municipal People's Government. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111003033931/http://www.shanghai.gov.cn/shanghai/node23919/node24059/node24061/userobject22ai36485.html">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 3 Oktober 2011. Besoek op 19 Julie 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Basic+Facts&rft.atitle=Topographic+Features&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shanghai.gov.cn%2Fshanghai%2Fnode23919%2Fnode24059%2Fnode24061%2Fuserobject22ai36485.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFMurrayClemensPhinnPossingham2014" class="citation journal cs1">Murray, N.J.; Clemens, R.S.; Phinn, S.R.; Possingham, H.P.; Fuller, R.A. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1890/130260">"Tracking the rapid loss of tidal wetlands in the Yellow Sea"</a>. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 12 (5): 267–272. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1890%2F130260">10.1890/130260</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+Ecology+and+the+Environment&rft.atitle=Tracking+the+rapid+loss+of+tidal+wetlands+in+the+Yellow+Sea&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=267-272&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1890%2F130260&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=N.J.&rft.au=Clemens%2C+R.S.&rft.au=Phinn%2C+S.R.&rft.au=Possingham%2C+H.P.&rft.au=Fuller%2C+R.A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fesajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1890%2F130260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-waterresources-57"><a href="#cite_ref-waterresources_57-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shanghai.gov.cn/shanghai/node23919/node24059/node24061/userobject22ai36486.html">"Water Resources"</a>. Basic Facts. Shanghai Municipal People's Government. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111003033713/http://www.shanghai.gov.cn/shanghai/node23919/node24059/node24061/userobject22ai36486.html">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 3 Oktober 2011. Besoek op 19 Julie 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Basic+Facts&rft.atitle=Water+Resources&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shanghai.gov.cn%2Fshanghai%2Fnode23919%2Fnode24059%2Fnode24061%2Fuserobject22ai36486.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wiphatelegraph-58"><a href="#cite_ref-wiphatelegraph_58-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFSpencer2008" class="citation news cs1">Spencer, Richard (19 September 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071013183032/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2007%2F09%2F19%2Fwtyphoon119.xml">"1.6m flee Shanghai typhoon"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. UK. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/09/19/wtyphoon119.xml">die oorspronklike</a> op 13 Oktober 2007. Besoek op 20 Maart 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=1.6m+flee+Shanghai+typhoon&rft.date=2008-09-19&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmain.jhtml%3Fxml%3D%2Fnews%2F2007%2F09%2F19%2Fwtyphoon119.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130318113757/http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/dataSetLogger.do?changeFlag=dataLogger">"Archived copy"</a>. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/dataSetLogger.do?changeFlag=dataLogger">die oorspronklike</a> op 18 Maart 2013. Besoek op 18 Februarie 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcdc.cma.gov.cn%2FdataSetLogger.do%3FchangeFlag%3DdataLogger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Cite_web" title="Sjabloon:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Kategorie:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Kategorie:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mherrera.org/temp.htm">"Extreme Temperatures Around the World"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140804202145/http://www.mherrera.org/temp.htm">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 4 Augustus 2014. Besoek op 1 Desember 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Extreme+Temperatures+Around+the+World&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mherrera.org%2Ftemp.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-61"><a href="#cite_ref-:3_61-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fd41586-020-02576-y">"Nature Index's top five science cities, by the numbers"</a>. Nature (in Engels). 585 (7826): S50–S51. 19 September 2020. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020Natur.585S..50.">2020Natur.585S..50.</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fd41586-020-02576-y">10.1038/d41586-020-02576-y</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32951017">32951017</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Nature+Index%27s+top+five+science+cities%2C+by+the+numbers&rft.volume=585&rft.issue=7826&rft.pages=S50-S51&rft.date=2020-09-19&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32951017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fd41586-020-02576-y&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020Natur.585S..50.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252Fd41586-020-02576-y&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/eastern-stars-universities-of-chinas-c9-league-excel-in-select-fields/415193.article">"Eastern stars: Universities of China's C9 League excel in select fields"</a>. Times Higher Education (in Engels). 17 Februarie 2011. Besoek op 25 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Times+Higher+Education&rft.atitle=Eastern+stars%3A+Universities+of+China%27s+C9+League+excel+in+select+fields&rft.date=2011-02-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeshighereducation.com%2Fnews%2Feastern-stars-universities-of-chinas-c9-league-excel-in-select-fields%2F415193.article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeshighereducation.com/student/best-universities/best-universities-shanghai">"Best universities in Shanghai"</a>. Student. 29 Oktober 2020. Besoek op 26 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Student&rft.atitle=Best+universities+in+Shanghai&rft.date=2020-10-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeshighereducation.com%2Fstudent%2Fbest-universities%2Fbest-universities-shanghai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210415020645/http://www.shanghairanking.com/World-University-Rankings-2020/China.html">"World University Rankings – 2020 | China Universities in Top 1000 universities | Academic Ranking of World Universities – 2020 | Shanghai Ranking – 2020"</a>. Shanghairanking.com. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shanghairanking.com/World-University-Rankings-2020/China.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 15 April 2021. Besoek op 26 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shanghairanking.com&rft.atitle=World+University+Rankings+%E2%80%93+2020+%7C+China+Universities+in+Top+1000+universities+%7C+Academic+Ranking+of+World+Universities+%E2%80%93+2020+%7C+Shanghai+Ranking+%E2%80%93+2020&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shanghairanking.com%2FWorld-University-Rankings-2020%2FChina.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2021/reputation-ranking">"World Reputation Rankings"</a>. Times Higher Education (THE) (in Engels). 25 Oktober 2021. Besoek op 29 Oktober 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Times+Higher+Education+%28THE%29&rft.atitle=World+Reputation+Rankings&rft.date=2021-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeshighereducation.com%2Fworld-university-rankings%2F2021%2Freputation-ranking&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFDillon2010" class="citation news cs1">Dillon, Sam (7 Desember 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/07/education/07education.html">"In PISA Test, Top Scores From Shanghai Stun Experts"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110512225939/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/07/education/07education.html">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 12 Mei 2011. Besoek op 17 Mei 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+PISA+Test%2C+Top+Scores+From+Shanghai+Stun+Experts&rft.date=2010-12-07&rft.aulast=Dillon&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F12%2F07%2Feducation%2F07education.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-14812822">"How China is winning the school race"</a>. BBC. 11 Oktober 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181102134543/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-14812822">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 2 November 2018. Besoek op 21 Julie 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=How+China+is+winning+the+school+race&rft.date=2011-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbusiness-14812822&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shanghai.gov.cn/shanghai/download/gongkai/hff1661.pdf"><bdi lang="zh">上海市教育改革和发展“十三五暠规划</bdi></a> (PDF) (in Chinees). Shanghai Municipal Government. 16 Augustus 2016. p. 7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918070130/http://www.shanghai.gov.cn/shanghai/download/gongkai/hff1661.pdf">Geargiveer</a> (PDF) vanaf die oorspronklike op 18 September 2017. Besoek op 26 Oktober 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E5%92%8C%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E2%80%9C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E4%BA%94%E6%9A%A0%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Shanghai+Municipal+Government&rft.date=2016-08-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shanghai.gov.cn%2Fshanghai%2Fdownload%2Fgongkai%2Fhff1661.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.shine.cn/feature/art-and-culture/The-key-ingredients-of-Shanghai-culture/shdaily.shtml">"The key ingredients of Shanghai culture"</a>. Shanghai Daily. 2 Junie 2018. Besoek op 16 Februarie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shanghai+Daily&rft.atitle=The+key+ingredients+of+Shanghai+culture&rft.date=2018-06-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.shine.cn%2Ffeature%2Fart-and-culture%2FThe-key-ingredients-of-Shanghai-culture%2Fshdaily.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.topchinatravel.com/shanghai/shanghai-style-culture.htm">"Shanghai-style Culture"</a>. Top China Travel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191022084025/https://www.topchinatravel.com/shanghai/shanghai-style-culture.htm">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 22 Oktober 2019. Besoek op 22 Oktober 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shanghai-style+Culture&rft.pub=Top+China+Travel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.topchinatravel.com%2Fshanghai%2Fshanghai-style-culture.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Culture_of_Shanghai._Beijing-71"><a href="#cite_ref-The_Culture_of_Shanghai._Beijing_71-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFXu" class="citation web cs1">Xu, S.L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121216011720/http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en/2006-08/28/content_85051_2.htm">"The Culture of Shanghai. Beijing"</a>. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en/2006-08/28/content_85051_2.htm">die oorspronklike</a> op 16 Desember 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Culture+of+Shanghai.+Beijing&rft.aulast=Xu&rft.aufirst=S.L&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinaculture.org%2Fgb%2Fen%2F2006-08%2F28%2Fcontent_85051_2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">↑</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">↑</a> Sahr Johnny, "Cybercity – Sahr Johnny's Shanghai Dream" That's Shanghai, Oktober 2005; quoted online by <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.xyberia.com/">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120114081636/http://www.xyberia.com/">Geargiveer</a> 14 Januarie 2012 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smartshanghai.com/articles/arts/3-new-museums-to-look-out-for-in-2018">"3 New Museums to Look Out for in 2018"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180116004339/http://www.smartshanghai.com/articles/arts/3-new-museums-to-look-out-for-in-2018">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 16 Januarie 2018. Besoek op 15 Januarie 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=3+New+Museums+to+Look+Out+for+in+2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smartshanghai.com%2Farticles%2Farts%2F3-new-museums-to-look-out-for-in-2018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFhermesauto2018" class="citation news cs1">hermesauto (5 Januarie 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/shanghai-releases-blueprint-for-becoming-global-cosmopolis-by-2035">"Shanghai releases blueprint for becoming global cosmopolis by 2035"</a>. The Straits Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180115191835/http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/shanghai-releases-blueprint-for-becoming-global-cosmopolis-by-2035">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 15 Januarie 2018. Besoek op 15 Januarie 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Shanghai+releases+blueprint+for+becoming+global+cosmopolis+by+2035&rft.date=2018-01-05&rft.au=hermesauto&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fasia%2Feast-asia%2Fshanghai-releases-blueprint-for-becoming-global-cosmopolis-by-2035&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20111214-free-art-in-shanghai">"Free Art in Shanghai"</a>. BBC. 18 Desember 2011. Besoek op 6 Augustus 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Free+Art+in+Shanghai&rft.date=2011-12-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Ftravel%2Fstory%2F20111214-free-art-in-shanghai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/shanghai/art-museum.htm">"China Art Museum"</a>. Travel China Guide. Besoek op 6 Augustus 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Travel+China+Guide&rft.atitle=China+Art+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.travelchinaguide.com%2Fattraction%2Fshanghai%2Fart-museum.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kankanews-78"><a href="#cite_ref-kankanews_78-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140704135853/http://shanghai.kankanews.com/c/2014-05-04/0014691475.shtml"><bdi lang="zh">看懂上海：上海本帮菜</bdi></a>. <bdi lang="zh">看看新闻</bdi> (in Chinese (China)). 4 Mei 2014. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shanghai.kankanews.com/c/2014-05-04/0014691475.shtml">die oorspronklike</a> op 4 Julie 2014. Besoek op 31 Augustus 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E7%9C%8B%E6%87%82%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E6%9C%AC%E5%B8%AE%E8%8F%9C&rft.date=2014-05-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fshanghai.kankanews.com%2Fc%2F2014-05-04%2F0014691475.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theculturetrip.com/asia/china/articles/a-brief-intro-to-shanghai-hu-cuisine">"A Brief Intro to Shanghai "Hu" Cuisine"</a>. theculturetrip.com. 21 Desember 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190828111530/https://theculturetrip.com/asia/china/articles/a-brief-intro-to-shanghai-hu-cuisine/">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 28 Augustus 2019. Besoek op 28 Augustus 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=theculturetrip.com&rft.atitle=A+Brief+Intro+to+Shanghai+%22Hu%22+Cuisine&rft.date=2017-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheculturetrip.com%2Fasia%2Fchina%2Farticles%2Fa-brief-intro-to-shanghai-hu-cuisine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">↑</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2647089"><bdi lang="zh">上海故事“吃西菜到红房子”：海派西餐那些事</bdi></a>. The Paper (in Chinees). 19 November 2018. Besoek op 18 Februarie 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Paper&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E6%95%85%E4%BA%8B%E2%80%9C%E5%90%83%E8%A5%BF%E8%8F%9C%E5%88%B0%E7%BA%A2%E6%88%BF%E5%AD%90%E2%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%BE%E8%A5%BF%E9%A4%90%E9%82%A3%E4%BA%9B%E4%BA%8B&rft.date=2018-11-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepaper.cn%2FnewsDetail_forward_2647089&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.travelchinaguide.com/cityguides/shanghai/dining/more.htm">"Shanghai Food"</a>. Travel China Guide (in Chinees). Besoek op 6 Augustus 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Travel+China+Guide&rft.atitle=Shanghai+Food&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.travelchinaguide.com%2Fcityguides%2Fshanghai%2Fdining%2Fmore.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREF崔庆国2009" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">崔庆国 (9 April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.artron.net/20090409/n74083.html"><bdi lang="zh">松江画派：价格与地位不符</bdi></a>. <bdi lang="zh">《鉴宝》</bdi> (in Simplified Chinese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190904234817/https://news.artron.net/20090409/n74083.html">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 4 September 2019. Besoek op 5 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E6%9D%BE%E6%B1%9F%E7%94%BB%E6%B4%BE%EF%BC%9A%E4%BB%B7%E6%A0%BC%E4%B8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E4%BD%8D%E4%B8%8D%E7%AC%A6&rft.date=2009-04-09&rft.au=%E5%B4%94%E5%BA%86%E5%9B%BD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.artron.net%2F20090409%2Fn74083.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shtong.gov.cn/newsite/node2/node2247/node4596/node79720/node79730/userobject1ai102937.html"><bdi lang="zh">上海通志>>第三十八卷文化艺术（上）>>第六章美术、书法、摄影>>节</bdi></a> (in Chinees). Office of Shanghai Chronicles. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150927072850/http://www.shtong.gov.cn/Newsite/node2/node2247/node4596/node79720/node79730/userobject1ai102937.html">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 27 September 2015. Besoek op 20 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E9%80%9A%E5%BF%97%3E%3E%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AB%E5%8D%B7%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%8A%EF%BC%89%3E%3E%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AD%E7%AB%A0%E7%BE%8E%E6%9C%AF%E3%80%81%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95%E3%80%81%E6%91%84%E5%BD%B1%3E%3E%E8%8A%82&rft.pub=Office+of+Shanghai+Chronicles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shtong.gov.cn%2Fnewsite%2Fnode2%2Fnode2247%2Fnode4596%2Fnode79720%2Fnode79730%2Fuserobject1ai102937.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190415050950/http://www.shtong.gov.cn/newsite/node2/node70393/node70403/node72565/node72684/userobject1ai82593.html"><bdi lang="zh">《上海地方志》>>1989年第五期>>"松江画派"源流</bdi></a> (in Chinees). Office of Shanghai Chronicles. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shtong.gov.cn/newsite/node2/node70393/node70403/node72565/node72684/userobject1ai82593.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 15 April 2019. Besoek op 20 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%BF%97%E3%80%8B%3E%3E1989%E5%B9%B4%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E6%9C%9F%3E%3E%22%E6%9D%BE%E6%B1%9F%E7%94%BB%E6%B4%BE%22%E6%BA%90%E6%B5%81&rft.pub=Office+of+Shanghai+Chronicles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shtong.gov.cn%2Fnewsite%2Fnode2%2Fnode70393%2Fnode70403%2Fnode72565%2Fnode72684%2Fuserobject1ai82593.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREF單國霖2005" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">單國霖 (Mei 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190904234819/http://www.mam.gov.mo/MAM_WS/ShowFile.ashx?p=mam2013/pdf_theses/635645338411647.pdf"><bdi lang="zh">董其昌與松江畫派</bdi></a> (PDF). mam.gov.mo (in Chinees). Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mam.gov.mo/MAM_WS/ShowFile.ashx?p=mam2013/pdf_theses/635645338411647.pdf">die oorspronklike</a> (PDF) op 4 September 2019. Besoek op 5 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mam.gov.mo&rft.atitle=%E8%91%A3%E5%85%B6%E6%98%8C%E8%88%87%E6%9D%BE%E6%B1%9F%E7%95%AB%E6%B4%BE&rft.date=2005-05&rft.au=%E5%96%AE%E5%9C%8B%E9%9C%96&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mam.gov.mo%2FMAM_WS%2FShowFile.ashx%3Fp%3Dmam2013%2Fpdf_theses%2F635645338411647.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sohu.com/a/302172277_741281"><bdi lang="zh">海上画派的艺术特点及对后世的影响</bdi></a>. sohu.com (in Chinees). 18 Maart 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190905042208/http://www.sohu.com/a/302172277_741281">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 5 September 2019. Besoek op 5 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sohu.com&rft.atitle=%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%8A%E7%94%BB%E6%B4%BE%E7%9A%84%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF%E7%89%B9%E7%82%B9%E5%8F%8A%E5%AF%B9%E5%90%8E%E4%B8%96%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D&rft.date=2019-03-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sohu.com%2Fa%2F302172277_741281&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120112080014/http://www.ewen.cc/earbook/bkview.asp?bkid=124380&cid=366136"><bdi lang="zh">王无能</bdi></a>. <bdi lang="zh">易文网</bdi>. 30 November 2006. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ewen.cc/earbook/bkview.asp?bkid=124380&cid=366136">die oorspronklike</a> op 12 Januarie 2012. Besoek op 20 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E7%8E%8B%E6%97%A0%E8%83%BD&rft.date=2006-11-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ewen.cc%2Fearbook%2Fbkview.asp%3Fbkid%3D124380%26cid%3D366136&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china.com.cn/aboutchina/data/lssdjt/2009-02/25/content_17334020.htm"><bdi lang="zh">历史上的今天 3月2日</bdi></a>. <bdi lang="zh">中国网</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120422114201/http://www.china.com.cn/aboutchina/data/lssdjt/2009-02/25/content_17334020.htm">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 22 April 2012. Besoek op 20 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%8A%E5%A4%A9+3%E6%9C%882%E6%97%A5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.china.com.cn%2Faboutchina%2Fdata%2Flssdjt%2F2009-02%2F25%2Fcontent_17334020.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109120331/http://www.archives.sh.cn/docs/200802/d_158621.html"><bdi lang="zh">梅兰芳的几次出国演出(附图)</bdi></a>. 上海档案信息网. 27 Februarie 2008. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archives.sh.cn/docs/200802/d_158621.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 9 November 2011. Besoek op 20 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%A2%85%E5%85%B0%E8%8A%B3%E7%9A%84%E5%87%A0%E6%AC%A1%E5%87%BA%E5%9B%BD%E6%BC%94%E5%87%BA%28%E9%99%84%E5%9B%BE%29&rft.pub=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E7%BD%91&rft.date=2008-02-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.sh.cn%2Fdocs%2F200802%2Fd_158621.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170211044131/http://www.godpp.gov.cn/wmzh/2008-02/21/content_12509540_2.htm"><bdi lang="zh">剧变沧桑：第1集舞台西洋风</bdi></a>. <bdi lang="zh">文明网</bdi>. 21 Februarie 2009. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.godpp.gov.cn/wmzh/2008-02/21/content_12509540_2.htm">die oorspronklike</a> op 11 Februarie 2017. Besoek op 20 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%89%A7%E5%8F%98%E6%B2%A7%E6%A1%91%EF%BC%9A%E7%AC%AC1%E9%9B%86+%E8%88%9E%E5%8F%B0%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E9%A3%8E&rft.date=2009-02-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.godpp.gov.cn%2Fwmzh%2F2008-02%2F21%2Fcontent_12509540_2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304134944/http://www.ceeh.com.cn/html/news/2007/07/02/200707020235280_0.html"><bdi lang="zh">话剧百年 "兰心"之韵</bdi></a>. <bdi lang="zh">城市经济导报</bdi> (in Chinees). 11 Maart 2001. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ceeh.com.cn/html/news/2007/07/02/200707020235280_0.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 4 Maart 2016. Besoek op 17 Oktober 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E8%AF%9D%E5%89%A7%E7%99%BE%E5%B9%B4+%22%E5%85%B0%E5%BF%83%22%E4%B9%8B%E9%9F%B5&rft.date=2001-03-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ceeh.com.cn%2Fhtml%2Fnews%2F2007%2F07%2F02%2F200707020235280_0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFGroup" class="citation web cs1">Group, SEEC Media. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160602191309/https://www.timeoutshanghai.com/venue/Around_Town-Museums-_Books__Films-Cinemas/12827/Shanghai-Film-Museum.html">"Shanghai Film Museum"</a>. timeoutshanghai.com. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timeoutshanghai.com/venue/Around_Town-Museums-_Books__Films-Cinemas/12827/Shanghai-Film-Museum.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 2 Junie 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=timeoutshanghai.com&rft.atitle=Shanghai+Film+Museum&rft.aulast=Group&rft.aufirst=SEEC+Media&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeoutshanghai.com%2Fvenue%2FAround_Town-Museums-_Books__Films-Cinemas%2F12827%2FShanghai-Film-Museum.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200516170423/https://vitomag.com/history/fw7zt9.html"><bdi lang="zh">中國電影史｜孤兒救祖記</bdi></a>. <bdi lang="zh">繪琳美育</bdi> (in Chinees). 4 April 2020. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vitomag.com/history/fw7zt9.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 16 Mei 2020. Besoek op 19 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1%E5%8F%B2%EF%BD%9C%E5%AD%A4%E5%85%92%E6%95%91%E7%A5%96%E8%A8%98&rft.date=2020-04-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvitomag.com%2Fhistory%2Ffw7zt9.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shanghaifashionweek.com/?page_id=68293"><bdi lang="zh">历届回顾 COLLECTION</bdi></a>. Besoek op 30 Augustus 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%8A%E5%9B%9E%E9%A1%BE+COLLECTION&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shanghaifashionweek.com%2F%3Fpage_id%3D68293&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFLeisa_Barnett2008" class="citation web cs1">Leisa Barnett (27 Oktober 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101018173530/http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/daily/081027-aminaka-wilmont-show-in-shanghai.aspx">"Aminaka Wilmont to show in Shanghai (Vogue.com UK)"</a>. Vogue. UK. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/daily/081027-aminaka-wilmont-show-in-shanghai.aspx">die oorspronklike</a> op 18 Oktober 2010. Besoek op 11 Desember 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vogue&rft.atitle=Aminaka+Wilmont+to+show+in+Shanghai+%28Vogue.com+UK%29&rft.date=2008-10-27&rft.au=Leisa+Barnett&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vogue.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fdaily%2F081027-aminaka-wilmont-show-in-shanghai.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.wsj.com/scene/2010/10/21/shanghai-fashion-week-kicks-off/">"Photos of Shanghai Fashion Week – Scene Asia – Scene Asia – WSJ"</a>. The Wall Street Journal. 21 Oktober 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111216144231/http://blogs.wsj.com/scene/2010/10/21/shanghai-fashion-week-kicks-off/">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 16 Desember 2011. Besoek op 11 Desember 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Photos+of+Shanghai+Fashion+Week+%E2%80%93+Scene+Asia+%E2%80%93+Scene+Asia+%E2%80%93+WSJ&rft.date=2010-10-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.wsj.com%2Fscene%2F2010%2F10%2F21%2Fshanghai-fashion-week-kicks-off%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sptcc.com/Load_yongkafanwei.html"><bdi lang="zh">上海公共交通卡用卡范围</bdi></a> (in Chinees). Shanghai Public Transport Card. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190407121818/http://www.sptcc.com/Load_yongkafanwei.html">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 7 April 2019. Besoek op 21 Oktober 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E5%8D%A1+%E7%94%A8%E5%8D%A1%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4&rft.pub=Shanghai+Public+Transport+Card&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sptcc.com%2FLoad_yongkafanwei.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-record-99"><a href="#cite_ref-record_99-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/KOD05sMk2b_fe_qXZb7KpQ"><bdi lang="zh">3月8日上海地铁客流创历史新高</bdi></a>. WeChat (in Chinees). Shanghai Metro. 9 Maart 2019. Besoek op 9 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WeChat&rft.atitle=3%E6%9C%888%E6%97%A5%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%B0%E9%93%81%E5%AE%A2%E6%B5%81%E5%88%9B%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E6%96%B0%E9%AB%98&rft.date=2019-03-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmp.weixin.qq.com%2Fs%2FKOD05sMk2b_fe_qXZb7KpQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meet-in-shanghai.net/travel-city/transportation/metro.php">"Metro & Maglev Train"</a>. The Official Shanghai China Travel Website. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190614073835/http://www.meet-in-shanghai.net/travel-city/transportation/metro.php">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 14 Junie 2019. Besoek op 1 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Official+Shanghai+China+Travel+Website&rft.atitle=Metro+%26+Maglev+Train&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.meet-in-shanghai.net%2Ftravel-city%2Ftransportation%2Fmetro.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFHunt2017" class="citation news cs1">Hunt, Hugh (19 Januarie 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/student/student-life/technology-gaming/how-we-can-make-super-fast-hyperloop-travel-a-reality-a7529316.html">"How we can make super-fast hyperloop travel a reality"</a>. Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170202005348/http://www.independent.co.uk/student/student-life/technology-gaming/how-we-can-make-super-fast-hyperloop-travel-a-reality-a7529316.html">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 2 Februarie 2017. Besoek op 19 Januarie 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=How+we+can+make+super-fast+hyperloop+travel+a+reality&rft.date=2017-01-19&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fstudent%2Fstudent-life%2Ftechnology-gaming%2Fhow-we-can-make-super-fast-hyperloop-travel-a-reality-a7529316.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.cn/2006-04/26/content_266848.htm"><bdi lang="zh">上海磁悬浮列车示范运营线通过验收</bdi></a>. gov.cn (in Chinees). 26 April 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190902035358/http://www.gov.cn/2006-04/26/content_266848.htm">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 2 September 2019. Besoek op 2 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gov.cn&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E7%A3%81%E6%82%AC%E6%B5%AE%E5%88%97%E8%BD%A6%E7%A4%BA%E8%8C%83%E8%BF%90%E8%90%A5%E7%BA%BF%E9%80%9A%E8%BF%87%E9%AA%8C%E6%94%B6&rft.date=2006-04-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.cn%2F2006-04%2F26%2Fcontent_266848.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190902035358/http://sh.xinhuanet.com/2019-04/17/c_137983412.htm"><bdi lang="zh">沪地铁2号线19日起末班车时间延后部分列车直通浦东机场</bdi></a>. Xinhua News (in Chinees). 17 April 2019. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sh.xinhuanet.com/2019-04/17/c_137983412.htm">die oorspronklike</a> op 2 September 2019. Besoek op 2 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Xinhua+News&rft.atitle=%E6%B2%AA%E5%9C%B0%E9%93%812%E5%8F%B7%E7%BA%BF19%E6%97%A5%E8%B5%B7%E6%9C%AB%E7%8F%AD%E8%BD%A6%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E5%BB%B6%E5%90%8E+%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%E5%88%97%E8%BD%A6%E7%9B%B4%E9%80%9A%E6%B5%A6%E4%B8%9C%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA&rft.date=2019-04-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsh.xinhuanet.com%2F2019-04%2F17%2Fc_137983412.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://google.com/maps/dir/浦东国际机场+中国上海市浦东新区/龙阳路地铁站+中国上海市浦东新区世纪公园">"Google Maps"</a>. Besoek op 2 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Google+Maps&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgoogle.com%2Fmaps%2Fdir%2F%E6%B5%A6%E4%B8%9C%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA%2B%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E6%B5%A6%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%B0%E5%8C%BA%2F%E9%BE%99%E9%98%B3%E8%B7%AF%E5%9C%B0%E9%93%81%E7%AB%99%2B%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E6%B5%A6%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%B0%E5%8C%BA%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rainieis.tw/maglev-train"><bdi lang="zh">上海磁浮列車 Shanghai Maglev Train 票價、時刻表、班距、轉乘資訊分享</bdi></a>. rainieis.tw (in Chinees). 13 Desember 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190902083521/https://rainieis.tw/maglev-train">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 2 September 2019. Besoek op 2 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rainieis.tw&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E7%A3%81%E6%B5%AE%E5%88%97%E8%BB%8A+Shanghai+Maglev+Train+%E7%A5%A8%E5%83%B9%E3%80%81%E6%99%82%E5%88%BB%E8%A1%A8%E3%80%81%E7%8F%AD%E8%B7%9D%E3%80%81%E8%BD%89%E4%B9%98%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E5%88%86%E4%BA%AB&rft.date=2018-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frainieis.tw%2Fmaglev-train&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-expresswayshanghai-106"><a href="#cite_ref-expresswayshanghai_106-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shanghai.gov.cn/nw2/nw2314/nw3766/nw3826/nw23313/u1aw478.html"><bdi lang="zh">高速公路网</bdi></a>. shanghai.gov.cn (in Chinees). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190828085045/http://www.shanghai.gov.cn/nw2/nw2314/nw3766/nw3826/nw23313/u1aw478.html">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 28 Augustus 2019. Besoek op 28 Augustus 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=shanghai.gov.cn&rft.atitle=%E9%AB%98%E9%80%9F%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shanghai.gov.cn%2Fnw2%2Fnw2314%2Fnw3766%2Fnw3826%2Fnw23313%2Fu1aw478.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sh.sina.com.cn/news/m/2017-12-07/detail-ifyppemf5760887.shtml"><bdi lang="zh">上海人飞跃黄浦江历史:建14条隧道12座大桥8条轨交</bdi></a> (in Chinees). 7 Desember 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190828051031/http://sh.sina.com.cn/news/m/2017-12-07/detail-ifyppemf5760887.shtml">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 28 Augustus 2019. Besoek op 28 Augustus 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E4%BA%BA%E9%A3%9E%E8%B7%83%E9%BB%84%E6%B5%A6%E6%B1%9F%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%3A%E5%BB%BA14%E6%9D%A1%E9%9A%A7%E9%81%9312%E5%BA%A7%E5%A4%A7%E6%A1%A58%E6%9D%A1%E8%BD%A8%E4%BA%A4&rft.date=2017-12-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsh.sina.com.cn%2Fnews%2Fm%2F2017-12-07%2Fdetail-ifyppemf5760887.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jfdaily.com/news/detail?id=96784"><bdi lang="zh">黄浦江上第13座大桥开始主塔施工，除了可以"走"，还有哪里与众不同？</bdi></a> (in Chinees). 18 Julie 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180718033241/https://www.jfdaily.com/news/detail?id=96784">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 18 Julie 2018. Besoek op 28 Augustus 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E9%BB%84%E6%B5%A6%E6%B1%9F%E4%B8%8A%E7%AC%AC13%E5%BA%A7%E5%A4%A7%E6%A1%A5%E5%BC%80%E5%A7%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%A1%94%E6%96%BD%E5%B7%A5%EF%BC%8C%E9%99%A4%E4%BA%86%E5%8F%AF%E4%BB%A5%22%E8%B5%B0%22%EF%BC%8C%E8%BF%98%E6%9C%89%E5%93%AA%E9%87%8C%E4%B8%8E%E4%BC%97%E4%B8%8D%E5%90%8C%EF%BC%9F&rft.date=2018-07-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jfdaily.com%2Fnews%2Fdetail%3Fid%3D96784&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mafengwo.cn/travel-news/220572.html"><bdi lang="zh">上海有哪几个火车站，上海站是哪个站，上海有几个火车站</bdi></a>. mafengwo.cn (in Chinees). 2 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190901053008/http://www.mafengwo.cn/travel-news/220572.html">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 1 September 2019. Besoek op 1 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mafengwo.cn&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E6%9C%89%E5%93%AA%E5%87%A0%E4%B8%AA%E7%81%AB%E8%BD%A6%E7%AB%99%EF%BC%8C%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E7%AB%99%E6%98%AF%E5%93%AA%E4%B8%AA%E7%AB%99%EF%BC%8C%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E6%9C%89%E5%87%A0%E4%B8%AA%E7%81%AB%E8%BD%A6%E7%AB%99&rft.date=2019-04-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mafengwo.cn%2Ftravel-news%2F220572.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFChan2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Chan, KG (15 Augustus 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asiatimes.com/2019/08/article/new-satellite-terminals-to-propel-shanghais-ascent-hold-fri-morn/">"New satellite terminals to propel Shanghai's ascent"</a>. Asia Times Online (in Engels). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821174057/https://www.asiatimes.com/2019/08/article/new-satellite-terminals-to-propel-shanghais-ascent-hold-fri-morn/">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 21 Augustus 2019. Besoek op 17 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Asia+Times+Online&rft.atitle=New+satellite+terminals+to+propel+Shanghai%27s+ascent&rft.date=2019-08-15&rft.aulast=Chan&rft.aufirst=KG&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asiatimes.com%2F2019%2F08%2Farticle%2Fnew-satellite-terminals-to-propel-shanghais-ascent-hold-fri-morn%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101230072918/http://www.shanghaifocus.com/guide/Shanghai/transportation-index.html">"Transportation"</a>. Shanghai Focus. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shanghaifocus.com/guide/Shanghai/transportation-index.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 30 Desember 2010. Besoek op 5 Mei 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Transportation&rft.pub=Shanghai+Focus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shanghaifocus.com%2Fguide%2FShanghai%2Ftransportation-index.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-aerodata-112">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-aerodata_112-0">112,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aerodata_112-1">112,1</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aci.aero/news/2019/03/13/preliminary-world-airport-traffic-rankings-released">"Preliminary world airport traffic rankings released"</a>. Airports Council International. 13 Maart 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190910062136/https://aci.aero/news/2019/03/13/preliminary-world-airport-traffic-rankings-released/">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 10 September 2019. Besoek op 12 Augustus 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Airports+Council+International&rft.atitle=Preliminary+world+airport+traffic+rankings+released&rft.date=2019-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faci.aero%2Fnews%2F2019%2F03%2F13%2Fpreliminary-world-airport-traffic-rankings-released&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2006-09-12/164610990261.shtml"><bdi lang="zh">上海：一个城市的传奇和梦想</bdi></a>. Sina News (in Chinees). 12 September 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111112053622/http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2006-09-12/164610990261.shtml">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 12 November 2011. Besoek op 11 Maart 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sina+News&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E7%9A%84%E4%BC%A0%E5%A5%87%E5%92%8C%E6%A2%A6%E6%83%B3&rft.date=2006-09-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.sina.com.cn%2Fc%2F2006-09-12%2F164610990261.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2017/33/09/330922.html"><bdi lang="zh">2017年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：嵊泗县</bdi></a>. National Bureau of Statistics of China (in Chinees). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190610191432/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2017/33/09/330922.html">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 10 Junie 2019. Besoek op 7 Oktober 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft.atitle=2017%E5%B9%B4%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E7%94%A8%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%E5%92%8C%E5%9F%8E%E4%B9%A1%E5%88%92%E5%88%86%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%EF%BC%9A%E5%B5%8A%E6%B3%97%E5%8E%BF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Ftjsj%2Ftjbz%2Ftjyqhdmhcxhfdm%2F2017%2F33%2F09%2F330922.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/BreakingNews/Singapore/Story/STIStory_621944.html">"Shanghai overtakes S'pore as world's busiest port"</a>. The Straits Times. 8 Januarie 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110815030034/http://www.straitstimes.com/BreakingNews/Singapore/Story/STIStory_621944.html">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 15 Augustus 2011. Besoek op 14 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Shanghai+overtakes+S%27pore+as+world%27s+busiest+port&rft.date=2011-01-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2FBreakingNews%2FSingapore%2FStory%2FSTIStory_621944.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lloyd's2019-116"><a href="#cite_ref-Lloyd's2019_116-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lloydslist.maritimeintelligence.informa.com/one-hundred-container-ports-2019#comment">One Hundred Ports 2019</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190826231536/https://lloydslist.maritimeintelligence.informa.com/one-hundred-container-ports-2019#comment">Geargiveer</a> 26 Augustus 2019 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Lloyd's List，2019 </li> <li id="cite_note-绿地宣布接手申花_朱骏时代宣告终结-117"><a href="#cite_ref-绿地宣布接手申花_朱骏时代宣告终结_117-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sports.163.com/14/0131/15/9JU8EDUS00051C89.html">"绿地宣布接手申花朱骏时代宣告终结"</a> (in Chinees). sports.163.com. 1 Februarie 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140202220527/http://sports.163.com/14/0131/15/9JU8EDUS00051C89.html">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 2 Februarie 2014. Besoek op 2 Februarie 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E7%BB%BF%E5%9C%B0%E5%AE%A3%E5%B8%83%E6%8E%A5%E6%89%8B%E7%94%B3%E8%8A%B1+%E6%9C%B1%E9%AA%8F%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%E5%AE%A3%E5%91%8A%E7%BB%88%E7%BB%93&rft.pub=sports.163.com&rft.date=2014-02-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsports.163.com%2F14%2F0131%2F15%2F9JU8EDUS00051C89.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sports.sina.com.cn/china/j/2018-11-07/doc-ihmutuea7981747.shtml"><bdi lang="zh">新王登基！上港终夺中超冠军再也不是"千年老二"</bdi></a>. Sina Sports (in Chinees). 7 November 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181111071905/http://sports.sina.com.cn/china/j/2018-11-07/doc-ihmutuea7981747.shtml">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 11 November 2018. Besoek op 12 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sina+Sports&rft.atitle=%E6%96%B0%E7%8E%8B%E7%99%BB%E5%9F%BA%EF%BC%81%E4%B8%8A%E6%B8%AF%E7%BB%88%E5%A4%BA%E4%B8%AD%E8%B6%85%E5%86%A0%E5%86%9B+%E5%86%8D%E4%B9%9F%E4%B8%8D%E6%98%AF%22%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E8%80%81%E4%BA%8C%22&rft.date=2018-11-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsports.sina.com.cn%2Fchina%2Fj%2F2018-11-07%2Fdoc-ihmutuea7981747.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150504202947/http://www.shanghaisharks.cn/"><bdi lang="zh">上海哔哩哔哩篮球俱乐部官方网站</bdi></a>. Shanghai Sharks. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shanghaisharks.cn/">die oorspronklike</a> op 4 Mei 2015. Besoek op 6 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%93%94%E5%93%A9%E5%93%94%E5%93%A9%E7%AF%AE%E7%90%83%E4%BF%B1%E4%B9%90%E9%83%A8%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E7%BD%91%E7%AB%99&rft.pub=Shanghai+Sharks&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shanghaisharks.cn%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-yao_ming-120"><a href="#cite_ref-yao_ming_120-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFPassa" class="citation news cs1">Passa, Dennis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/63sdk6cAa?url=http://news.yahoo.com/chinese-great-yao-ming-retires-basketball-060633532.html">"Chinese great Yao Ming retires from basketball"</a>. Yahoo! Sports. Associated Press. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/chinese-great-yao-ming-retires-basketball-060633532.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 12 Desember 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Chinese+great+Yao+Ming+retires+from+basketball&rft.aulast=Passa&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Fchinese-great-yao-ming-retires-basketball-060633532.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">↑</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shanghaicricket.com/about-us/">"About the Shanghai Cricket Club"</a>. Shanghai Cricket Club. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190411205407/http://shanghaicricket.com/about-us/">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 11 April 2019. Besoek op 23 Mei 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+Shanghai+Cricket+Club&rft.pub=Shanghai+Cricket+Club&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fshanghaicricket.com%2Fabout-us%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="22x20px&#124;border&#124;Vlag_van_Volksrepubliek_China&#124;link=Volksrepubliek_China_Provinsiale_vlak-afdelings_van_die_Volksrepubliek_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-lees"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Navigasie_indeling_Volksrepubliek_China" title="Sjabloon:Navigasie indeling Volksrepubliek China"><abbr title="Lees hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bespreek"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sjabloonbespreking:Navigasie_indeling_Volksrepubliek_China&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sjabloonbespreking:Navigasie indeling Volksrepubliek China (bladsy bestaan nie)"><abbr title="Bespreek hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-wysig"><a class="external text" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Navigasie_indeling_Volksrepubliek_China&action=edit"><abbr title="Wysig hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">w</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="22x20px&#124;border&#124;Vlag_van_Volksrepubliek_China&#124;link=Volksrepubliek_China_Provinsiale_vlak-afdelings_van_die_Volksrepubliek_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek_China" title="Vlag van Volksrepubliek China"><img alt="Vlag van Volksrepubliek China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Provinsies_van_die_Volksrepubliek_China" title="Provinsies van die Volksrepubliek China">Provinsiale vlak-afdelings</a> van die <a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek_China" title="Volksrepubliek China">Volksrepubliek China</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provinsies</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a> • <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a> • <a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a> • <a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a> • <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jilin_(provinsie)" title="Jilin (provinsie)">Jilin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a> • <a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a> • <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a> • <a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Regions_of_China_Names_Chinese_Simp.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Regions_of_China_Names_Chinese_Simp.svg/250px-Regions_of_China_Names_Chinese_Simp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Regions_of_China_Names_Chinese_Simp.svg/330px-Regions_of_China_Names_Chinese_Simp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="857" data-file-height="699" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Outonome streke</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Binne-Mongoli%C3%AB" title="Binne-Mongolië">Binne-Mongolië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Outonome_Gewes_Tibet" title="Outonome Gewes Tibet">Tibet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Munisipaliteite</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> • <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shanghai</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spesiale administratiewe streke</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Hongkong"><img alt="Vlag van Hongkong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hongkong" title="Hongkong">Hongkong</a> • <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Macau.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Macau"><img alt="Vlag van Macau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/40px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/60px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ander</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_(eiland)" title="Taiwan (eiland)">Taiwan</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8686&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8686&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hulp:Normdata" title="Hulp:Normdata">Normdata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8686" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibsys" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibsys">BIBSYS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/6047263">6047263</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX458435">XX458435</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12395234w">cb12395234w</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12395234w">(data)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4052066-3">4052066-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000123537626">0000 0001 2353 7626</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79063254">n79063254</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MusicBrainz" title="MusicBrainz">MusicBrainz</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/dec4979e-c0a3-469c-a052-cee5f1e71de9">dec4979e-c0a3-469c-a052-cee5f1e71de9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10046658">10046658</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00637341">00637341</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge134625&CON_LNG=ENG">ge134625</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Australia">NLA</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36596996">36596996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/033046212">033046212</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/159059201">159059201</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat Identities</a> (via VIAF): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/159059201">159059201</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div style="display:none; right:10px;" class="metadata topicon nopopups" id="featured-star"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Voorbladartikel" title="Hierdie artikel is gekies as 'n voorbladartikel. Klik gerus hier vir meer inligting."><img alt="Hierdie artikel is gekies as 'n voorbladartikel. Klik gerus hier vir meer inligting." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/15px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/23px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ontsluit van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&oldid=2730360">https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&oldid=2730360</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Kategorie%C3%AB" title="Spesiaal:Kategorieë">Kategorieë</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorie:AS1_met_skrip_van_%27n_vreemde_taal_(zh)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorie:AS1 met skrip van 'n vreemde taal (zh) (bladsy bestaan nie)">AS1 met skrip van 'n vreemde taal (zh)</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorie:AS1-bronne_in_Chinese_(China)_(zh-cn)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorie:AS1-bronne in Chinese (China) (zh-cn) (bladsy bestaan nie)">AS1-bronne in Chinese (China) (zh-cn)</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorie:AS1-bronne_in_Simplified_Chinese_(zh-hans)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorie:AS1-bronne in Simplified Chinese (zh-hans) (bladsy bestaan nie)">AS1-bronne in Simplified Chinese (zh-hans)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Kusstede" title="Kategorie:Kusstede">Kusstede</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Nedersettings_in_die_Volksrepubliek_China" title="Kategorie:Nedersettings in die Volksrepubliek China">Nedersettings in die Volksrepubliek China</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Versteekte kategorieë: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:AS1-bronne_in_Engels_(VK)_(en-gb)" title="Kategorie:AS1-bronne in Engels (VK) (en-gb)">AS1-bronne in Engels (VK) (en-gb)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:AS1-bronne_in_Engels_(VSA)_(en-us)" title="Kategorie:AS1-bronne in Engels (VSA) (en-us)">AS1-bronne in Engels (VSA) (en-us)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:AS1-bronne_in_Chinees_(zh)" title="Kategorie:AS1-bronne in Chinees (zh)">AS1-bronne in Chinees (zh)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:AS1-bronne_in_Engels_(en)" title="Kategorie:AS1-bronne in Engels (en)">AS1-bronne in Engels (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Kategorie:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">CS1 maint: archived copy as title</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_teks_in_Chinees" title="Kategorie:Artikels met teks in Chinees">Artikels met teks in Chinees</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_BIBSYS-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met BIBSYS-identifiseerders">Artikels met BIBSYS-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_BNE-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met BNE-identifiseerders">Artikels met BNE-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_BNF-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met BNF-identifiseerders">Artikels met BNF-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_GND-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met GND-identifiseerders">Artikels met GND-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_ISNI-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met ISNI-identifiseerders">Artikels met ISNI-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_LCCN-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met LCCN-identifiseerders">Artikels met LCCN-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_MusicBrainz_area-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met MusicBrainz area-identifiseerders">Artikels met MusicBrainz area-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_NARA-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met NARA-identifiseerders">Artikels met NARA-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_NDL-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met NDL-identifiseerders">Artikels met NDL-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_NKC-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met NKC-identifiseerders">Artikels met NKC-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_NLA-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met NLA-identifiseerders">Artikels met NLA-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_SUDOC-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met SUDOC-identifiseerders">Artikels met SUDOC-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_VIAF-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met VIAF-identifiseerders">Artikels met VIAF-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_WorldCat-VIAF-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met WorldCat-VIAF-identifiseerders">Artikels met WorldCat-VIAF-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Normdata_met_13_elemente" title="Kategorie:Normdata met 13 elemente">Normdata met 13 elemente</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Voorbladartikels" title="Kategorie:Voorbladartikels">Voorbladartikels</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Die bladsy is laas op 15 Januarie 2025 om 11:42 bygewerk.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Die teks is beskikbaar onder die lisensie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Erkenning-Insgelyks Deel</a>. Aanvullende voorwaardes kan moontlik ook van toepassing wees. Sien die <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Algemene Voorwaardes</a> vir meer inligting.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privaatheidsbeleid</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Oor">Inligting oor Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Voorwaardes">Vrywaring</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Gedragskode</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Ontwikkelaars</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/af.wikipedia.org">Statistieke</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Koekieverklaring</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//af.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shanghai&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Selfoonweergawe</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"> Soek </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Deursoek Wikipedia"> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spesiaal:Soek"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Soek</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Wissel die inhoudsopgawe </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" >Shanghai</div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"> 202 tale </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"> Nuwe onderwerp </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7ccc697c5f-rf7gm","wgBackendResponseTime":198,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.940","walltime":"1.066","ppvisitednodes":{"value":6635,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":264305,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2809,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":14,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":486203,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 892.519 1 -total"," 63.31% 565.034 1 Sjabloon:Verwysings"," 42.42% 378.625 93 Sjabloon:Cite_web"," 12.49% 111.505 1 Sjabloon:Normdata"," 11.81% 105.425 1 Sjabloon:Lang"," 7.88% 70.312 20 Sjabloon:Cite_news"," 4.04% 36.086 3 Sjabloon:Cite_journal"," 2.26% 20.213 1 Sjabloon:Navigasie_indeling_Volksrepubliek_China"," 2.04% 18.215 1 Sjabloon:Historical_populations"," 2.00% 17.849 1 Sjabloon:Navigasieboks"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.605","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":17138406,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.eqiad.main-bc8d67974-jmklr","timestamp":"20250402052835","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Shanghai","url":"https:\/\/af.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shanghai","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q8686","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q8686","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2008-05-18T10:45:19Z","dateModified":"2025-01-15T11:42:00Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/de\/Shanghai_montage.png","headline":"'n stad in die Ooste van die Volksrepubliek van Sjina"}</script> </body> </html>