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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p><b>Shemariah ben Elhanan</b> was head of the <a href="/wiki/Yeshivah" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeshivah">yeshivah</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cairo,_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cairo, Egypt">Cairo, Egypt</a>, about the end of the 10th century. <a href="/wiki/Abraham_ibn_Daud" title="Abraham ibn Daud">Abraham ibn Daud</a><sup id="cite_ref-daud_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-daud-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> relates that Ibn Rumais (or Ibn Demahin), an <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a> admiral, had captured four scholars who were voyaging from <a href="/wiki/Bari" title="Bari">Bari</a> to <a href="/wiki/Elaiussa_Sebaste" title="Elaiussa Sebaste">Sebaste</a> to collect money for the maintenance of the great school in <a href="/wiki/Babylonia" title="Babylonia">Babylonia</a> ("haknasat kallah"), and that one of the four was called Shemariah b. Elhanan. Shemariah was sold by his captor at <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, where he was afterward ransomed by rich Jews. </p><p>Shemariah then went to Cairo, where he founded a flourishing school. As to the native place of the captured scholars, the general opinion, more particularly with regard to Shemariah, is that the four were <a href="/wiki/Babylonians" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonians">Babylonians</a>, <a href="/wiki/I.H._Weiss" class="mw-redirect" title="I.H. Weiss">I.H. Weiss</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> being the only authority who assigns them to <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>. <a href="/wiki/David_Kaufmann" title="David Kaufmann">David Kaufmann</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> thinks they came from <a href="/wiki/Pumbedita" title="Pumbedita">Pumbedita</a>. This opinion, at least with regard to Shemariah b. Elhanan, is confirmed by a fragment of a responsum<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> apparently addressed by <a href="/wiki/Sherira_Gaon" class="mw-redirect" title="Sherira Gaon">Sherira Gaon</a> to <a href="/wiki/Jacob_ben_Nissim" title="Jacob ben Nissim">Jacob ben Nissim</a> at <a href="/wiki/Kairwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kairwan">Kairwan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which Shemariah is spoken of as the head of the yeshivah of <a href="/wiki/Nehardea" title="Nehardea">Nehardea</a> and as a high authority in <a href="/wiki/Rabbinics" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabbinics">rabbinics</a>. </p><p>Later, also, when Shemariah was the head of the <a href="/wiki/Yeshivah" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeshivah">yeshivah</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, he was consulted by many rabbis from distant countries, and <a href="/wiki/S._Schechter" class="mw-redirect" title="S. Schechter">S. Schechter</a> has published<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a long letter addressed to Shemariah by <a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%A4ushiel" class="mw-redirect" title="Ḥushiel">Ḥushiel</a> of Kairwan, who, according to Abraham ibn Daud,<sup id="cite_ref-daud_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-daud-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was captured with Shemariah, and another letter, by an unknown rabbi, also addressed to Shemariah.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shemariah_ben_Elhanan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-daud-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-daud_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-daud_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Sefer ha-Ḳabbalah,</i> in <a href="/wiki/A._Neubauer" class="mw-redirect" title="A. Neubauer">A. Neubauer</a>, <i>M. J. C.</i> i. 68</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Dor,</i> iv. 265, note 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In Berliner's <i>Magazin,</i> v. 70-75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">published by <a href="/wiki/A._Neubauer" class="mw-redirect" title="A. Neubauer">A. Neubauer</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/J._Q._R." class="mw-redirect" title="J. Q. R.">J. Q. R.</a></i> vi. 222-223</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Halberstam, ib. p. 596</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In <i>J. Q. R.</i> x. 644-648</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/J._Q._R." class="mw-redirect" title="J. Q. R.">J. Q. R.</a></i> xiv. 492-497</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWilhelm_Bacher_and_M._Seligsohn1901–1906" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Bacher" title="Wilhelm Bacher">Wilhelm Bacher</a> and <a href="/wiki/M._Seligsohn" class="mw-redirect" title="M. Seligsohn">M. Seligsohn</a> (1901–1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=607&letter=S&search=Shemariah%20ben%20Elhanan">"Shemariah ben Elhanan"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Isidore_Singer" title="Isidore Singer">Singer, Isidore</a>; et al. (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Encyclopedia" title="The Jewish Encyclopedia">The Jewish Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Shemariah+ben+Elhanan&rft.btitle=The+Jewish+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Funk+%26+Wagnalls&rft.date=1901%2F1906&rft.au=Wilhelm+Bacher+and+M.+Seligsohn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjewishencyclopedia.com%2Fview.jsp%3Fartid%3D607%26letter%3DS%26search%3DShemariah%2520ben%2520Elhanan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShemariah+ben+Elhanan" class="Z3988"></span> <small>Jewish Encyclopedia bibliography: Besides the sources mentioned, <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A4tz,_Gesch." class="mw-redirect" title="Grätz, Gesch.">Grätz, Gesch.</a> v., note 21, ii.; Harkavy, Teshubot ha-Ge'onim, p. 2.</small> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="Yom Tov of Seville">Yom Tov Asevilli</a> (Ritva)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_ibn_Migash" title="Joseph ibn Migash">Joseph ibn Migash</a> (Ri Migash)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Abulafia" title="Meir Abulafia">Meir Abulafia</a> (Ramah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahya_ibn_Paquda" title="Bahya ibn Paquda">Bahya ibn Paquda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahya_ben_Asher" title="Bahya ben Asher">Bahya ben Asher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Abudarham" title="David Abudarham">David Abudirham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Albo" title="Joseph Albo">Joseph Albo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_ben_Moses_Arama" title="Isaac ben Moses Arama">Isaac ben Moses Arama</a> (Akeidat Yitzchak)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbenu_Yerucham" title="Rabbenu Yerucham">Rabbenu Yerucham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shem_Tov_ben_Abraham_ibn_Gaon" title="Shem Tov ben Abraham ibn Gaon">Shem Tov ben Abraham ibn Gaon</a> (Migdal Oz)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_ben_Solomon_Abi-Sahula" title="Meir ben Solomon Abi-Sahula">Meir ben Solomon Abi-Sahula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_ibn_Ghiyyat" title="Isaac ibn Ghiyyat">Isaac ibn Ghiyyat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maimon_ben_Joseph" title="Maimon ben Joseph">Maimon ben Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Aboab_I" title="Isaac Aboab I">Isaac Aboab I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_ibn_Daud" title="Abraham ibn Daud">Abraham ibn Daud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_ibn_Ezra" title="Moses ibn Ezra">Moses ibn Ezra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah_ibn_Janah" title="Jonah ibn Janah">Jonah ibn Janah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Saba" title="Abraham Saba">Abraham Saba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nachmanides" title="Nachmanides">Nachmanides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menachem_Meiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Menachem Meiri">Menachem Meiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nissim_of_Gerona" title="Nissim of Gerona">Nissim of Gerona</a> (Ran)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shlomo_ibn_Aderet" title="Shlomo ibn Aderet">Shlomo ibn Aderet</a> (Rashba)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yonah_Gerondi" title="Yonah Gerondi">Yonah Gerondi</a> (Rabbeinu Yonah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zerachiah_ha-Levi_of_Girona" title="Zerachiah ha-Levi of Girona">Zerachiah ha-Levi of Girona</a> (Baal HaMaor)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasdai_Crescas" title="Hasdai Crescas">Hasdai Crescas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aharon_HaLevi" title="Aharon HaLevi">Aharon HaLevi</a> (Ra'ah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_ben_Sheshet" title="Isaac ben Sheshet">Isaac ben Sheshet</a> (Rivash)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_ben_Zemah_Duran" title="Simeon ben Zemah Duran">Simeon ben Zemah Duran</a> (Tashbatz)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidal_of_Tolosa" title="Vidal of Tolosa">Vidal of Tolosa</a> (Maggid Mishneh)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_ibn_Habib" title="Joseph ibn Habib">Joseph ibn Habib</a> (Nimmukei Yosef)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azriel_of_Gerona" title="Azriel of Gerona">Azriel of Gerona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Chalava" title="Moshe Chalava">Moshe Chalava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judah_ben_Yakar" title="Judah ben Yakar">Judah ben Yakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judah_ben_Barzillai" title="Judah ben Barzillai">Judah ben Barzillai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provence" title="Provence">Provence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hachmei_Provence" title="Hachmei Provence">Hachmei Provence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_ben_David" title="Abraham ben David">Abraham ben David</a> (Raavad)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gersonides" title="Gersonides">Gersonides</a> (Ralbag)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Kimhi" title="David Kimhi">David Kimhi</a> (Radak)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abba_Mari" title="Abba Mari">Abba Mari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_ben_Abba_Mari" title="Isaac ben Abba Mari">Isaac ben Abba Mari</a> (HaIttur)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_ben_Nathan" title="Abraham ben Nathan">Abraham ben Nathan</a> (HaManhig)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_ben_Levi_of_Narbonne" title="David ben Levi of Narbonne">David ben Levi of Narbonne</a> (HaMichtam)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_ben_Joseph_ben_Merwan_ha-Levi" title="Moses ben Joseph ben Merwan ha-Levi">Moses ben Joseph</a> (Rambi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_ben_Isaac_of_Narbonne" title="Abraham ben Isaac of Narbonne">Abraham ben Isaac of Narbonne</a> (Raavad II, HaEshkol)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_ben_Abraham_ben_Hayyim" title="Levi ben Abraham ben Hayyim">Levi ben Abraham ben Hayyim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_ha-Darshan" title="Moshe ha-Darshan">Moshe ha-Darshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meshullam_ben_Jacob" title="Meshullam ben Jacob">Meshullam ben Jacob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asher_ben_Meshullam" title="Asher ben Meshullam">Asher ben Meshullam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_of_Montpellier" title="Abraham of Montpellier">Abraham of Montpellier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Caspi" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Caspi">Joseph Caspi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_the_Blind" title="Isaac the Blind">Isaac the Blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_ibn_Tibbon" title="Samuel ibn Tibbon">Samuel ibn Tibbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_ben_Merwan_ha-Levi" title="Isaac ben Merwan ha-Levi">Isaac of Narbonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_ben_Jacob_ha-Kohen" title="Aaron ben Jacob ha-Kohen">Aaron ben Jacob ha-Kohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_ben_David_ha-Cohen" title="Jonathan ben David ha-Cohen">Jonathan of Lunel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> (except Provence)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rabbi_Abin_ha-Gadol" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabbi Abin ha-Gadol">Rabbi Abin ha-Gadol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashi" title="Rashi">Rashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tosafists" title="List of Tosafists">List of Tosafists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbeinu_Tam" title="Rabbeinu Tam">Rabbeinu Tam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashbam" title="Rashbam">Rashbam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_ben_Meir" title="Solomon ben Meir">Solomon ben Meir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samson_ben_Joseph_of_Falaise" title="Samson ben Joseph of Falaise">Samson ben Joseph of Falaise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Tov_of_Falaise" title="Yom Tov of Falaise">Yom Tov of Falaise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliezer_ben_Samuel" title="Eliezer ben Samuel">Eliezer ben Samuel</a> (Yereim)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_ben_Samuel" title="Isaac ben Samuel">Isaac ben Samuel</a> (Ri HaZaken)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_ben_Jacob_of_Coucy" title="Moses ben Jacob of Coucy">Moses ben Jacob of Coucy</a> (Semag)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judah_ben_Nathan" title="Judah ben Nathan">Judah ben Nathan</a> (Rivan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_ben_Isaac_Bekhor_Shor" title="Joseph ben Isaac Bekhor Shor">Bechor Shor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_ben_Joseph_of_Orleans" title="Abraham ben Joseph of Orleans">Abraham ben Joseph of Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_of_Paris" title="Elijah of Paris">Elijah of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judah_ben_Yom_Tov" title="Judah ben Yom Tov">Judah ben Yom Tov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haim_ben_Hananel_HaCohen_(Tosafist)" title="Haim ben Hananel HaCohen (Tosafist)">Haim ben Hananel HaCohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yechiel_of_Paris" title="Yechiel of Paris">Yechiel of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivam" title="Rivam">Rivam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peretz_ben_Elijah" title="Peretz ben Elijah">Peretz ben Elijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliezer_of_Toul" title="Eliezer of Toul">Eliezer of Toul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaim_Paltiel" title="Chaim Paltiel">Chaim Paltiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Jacob of Orléans">Jacob of Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samson_of_Chinon" title="Samson of Chinon">Samson of Chinon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_of_Chinon" title="Jacob of Chinon">Jacob of Chinon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliezer_of_Touques" title="Eliezer of Touques">Eliezer of Touques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_ben_Abraham_of_Dampierre" title="Isaac ben Abraham of Dampierre">Isaac ben Abraham of Dampierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elhanan_ben_Isaac_of_Dampierre" title="Elhanan ben Isaac of Dampierre">Elhanan ben Isaac of Dampierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_ben_Isaac" title="Baruch ben Isaac">Baruch ben Isaac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samson_ben_Abraham_of_Sens" title="Samson ben Abraham of Sens">Samson ben Abraham of Sens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_ben_Eliezer_Halevi" title="Isaac ben Eliezer Halevi">Isaac ben Eliezer Halevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_ben_Samuel" title="Meir ben Samuel">Meir ben Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_of_%C3%89vreux" title="Moses of Évreux">Moses of Évreux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_of_%C3%89vreux" title="Samuel of Évreux">Samuel of Évreux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_ben_Solomon_of_Falaise" title="Samuel ben Solomon of Falaise">Samuel ben Solomon of Falaise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judah_ben_Isaac_Messer_Leon" title="Judah ben Isaac Messer Leon">Judah ben Isaac Messer Leon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_ben_Samuel_Bonfils" title="Joseph ben Samuel Bonfils">Joseph ben Samuel Bonfils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menahem_ben_Helbo" title="Menahem ben Helbo">Menahem ben Helbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_Kara" title="Simeon Kara">Simeon Kara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shemaiah_of_Soissons" title="Shemaiah of Soissons">Shemaiah of Soissons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_ben_Menahem_HaZaken" title="Elijah ben Menahem HaZaken">Elijah ben Menahem HaZaken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephraim_ben_Samson" title="Ephraim ben Samson">Ephraim ben Samson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meshullam_ben_Kalonymus" title="Meshullam ben Kalonymus">Meshullam ben Kalonymus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gershom_ben_Judah" title="Gershom ben Judah">Gershom ben Judah</a> (Rabbeinu Gershom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_bar_Isaac" title="Simeon bar Isaac">Simeon bar Isaac</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asher_ben_Jehiel" title="Asher ben Jehiel">Asher ben Jehiel</a> (Rosh)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_ben_Asher" title="Jacob ben Asher">Jacob ben Asher</a> (Baal HaTurim)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordechai_ben_Hillel" title="Mordechai ben Hillel">Mordechai ben Hillel</a> (Mordechai)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_of_Rothenburg" title="Meir of Rothenburg">Meir of Rothenburg</a> (Maharam MeRotenberg)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaakov_ben_Moshe_Levi_Moelin" title="Yaakov ben Moshe Levi Moelin">Yaakov ben Moshe Levi Moelin</a> (Maharil)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliezer_ben_Nathan" title="Eliezer ben Nathan">Eliezer ben Nathan</a> (Ra'aven)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliezer_ben_Joel_HaLevi" title="Eliezer ben Joel HaLevi">Eliezer ben Joel HaLevi</a> (Raavyah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleazar_of_Worms" title="Eleazar of Worms">Eleazar of Worms</a> (Rokeach)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_HaKohen" title="Meir HaKohen">Meir HaKohen</a> (Hagahot Maimuniot)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judah_ben_Samuel_of_Regensburg" title="Judah ben Samuel of Regensburg">Judah ben Samuel of Regensburg</a> (Yehudah haHasid)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaakov_ben_Yakar" title="Yaakov ben Yakar">Yaakov ben Yakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_ben_Mordecai_of_Regensburg" title="Isaac ben Mordecai of Regensburg">Isaac ben Mordecai of Regensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephraim_ben_Isaac_of_Regensburg" title="Ephraim ben Isaac of Regensburg">Ephraim ben Isaac of Regensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samson_ben_Eliezer" title="Samson ben Eliezer">Samson ben Eliezer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliezer_ben_Isaac_ha-Gadol" title="Eliezer ben Isaac ha-Gadol">Eliezer ben Isaac ha-Gadol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judah_ben_Kalonymus" title="Judah ben Kalonymus">Judah ben Kalonymus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yehuda_HaKohen_ben_Meir" title="Yehuda HaKohen ben Meir">Yehuda HaKohen ben Meir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_ben_Baruch_Halevi" title="Meir ben Baruch Halevi">Meir ben Baruch Halevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Bruna" title="Israel Bruna">Israel Bruna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_of_Bamberg" title="Israel of Bamberg">Israel of Bamberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephraim_of_Bonn" title="Ephraim of Bonn">Ephraim of Bonn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judah_ben_Asher" title="Judah ben Asher">Judah ben Asher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_ben_Isaac_ha-Levi" title="Joel ben Isaac ha-Levi">Joel ben Isaac ha-Levi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_ben_Judah_Landau" title="Jacob ben Judah Landau">Jacob ben Judah Landau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_ben_Natronai" title="Samuel ben Natronai">Samuel ben Natronai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Suslin" title="Alexander Suslin">Alexander Suslin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Weil" title="Jacob Weil">Jacob Weil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_ben_Asher_ha-Levi" title="Isaac ben Asher ha-Levi">Isaac ben Asher ha-Levi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simha_of_Speyer" title="Simha of Speyer">Simha of Speyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asir_HaTikvah" title="Isaac Asir HaTikvah">Isaac Asir HaTikvah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_of_Canterbury" title="Aaron of Canterbury">Aaron of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_of_York" title="Aaron of York">Aaron of York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_of_London" title="Elias of London">Elias of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliyahu_Menachem_of_London" title="Eliyahu Menachem of London">Eliyahu Menachem of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagin_Deulacres" title="Hagin Deulacres">Hagin Deulacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_ben_Judah_of_London" title="Jacob ben Judah of London">Jacob ben Judah of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josce_of_London" title="Josce of London">Josce of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_ben_Isaac_ben_ha-Nessiah" title="Moses ben Isaac ben ha-Nessiah">Moses ben Isaac ben ha-Nessiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_of_London" title="Moses of London">Moses of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Tov_of_Joigny" title="Yom Tov of Joigny">Yom Tov of Joigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berechiah_de_Nicole" title="Berechiah de Nicole">Berechiah de Nicole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Isserlein" title="Israel Isserlein">Israel Isserlein</a> (Terumat HaDeshen)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_ben_Moses_of_Vienna" title="Isaac ben Moses of Vienna">Isaac of Vienna</a> (Or Zarua)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avigdor_Cohen_of_Vienna" title="Avigdor Cohen of Vienna">Avigdor Cohen of Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Tyrnau" title="Isaac Tyrnau">Isaac Tyrnau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_ben_Jehiel" title="Nathan ben Jehiel">Nathan ben Jehiel</a> (the Aruch)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_di_Trani" title="Isaiah di Trani">Isaiah di Trani</a> (Rid)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_di_Trani_the_Younger" title="Isaiah di Trani the Younger">Isaiah di Trani the Younger</a> (Riaz)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obadiah_of_Bertinoro" title="Obadiah of Bertinoro">Obadiah of Bertinoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menahem_Recanati" title="Menahem Recanati">Menahem Recanati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zedekiah_ben_Abraham_Anaw" title="Zedekiah ben Abraham Anaw">Zedekiah Anaw</a> (Shibbolei HaLeket)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_ben_Abraham_Anaw" title="Benjamin ben Abraham Anaw">Benjamin Anaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judah_ben_Benjamin_Anav" title="Judah ben Benjamin Anav">Judah Anav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_ben_Meir_of_Ferrara" title="Moses ben Meir of Ferrara">Moses ben Meir of Ferrara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliezer_ben_Samuel_of_Verona" title="Eliezer ben Samuel of Verona">Eliezer ben Samuel of Verona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillel_ben_Samuel" title="Hillel ben Samuel">Hillel ben Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Colon_Trabotto" title="Joseph Colon Trabotto">Joseph Colon Trabotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_ben_Melchizedek" title="Isaac ben Melchizedek">Isaac ben Melchizedek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judah_Messer_Leon" title="Judah Messer Leon">Judah Messer Leon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elsewhere</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Abarbanel" title="Isaac Abarbanel">Isaac Abarbanel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_Mizrachi" title="Elijah Mizrachi">Elijah Mizrachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobiah_ben_Eliezer" title="Tobiah ben Eliezer">Tobiah ben Eliezer</a> (Lekach Tov)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zerahiah_the_Greek" title="Zerahiah the Greek">Zerahiah the Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_ben_Dorbolo" title="Isaac ben Dorbolo">Isaac ben Dorbolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_ben_Samuel_of_Acre" title="Isaac ben Samuel of Acre">Isaac ben Samuel of Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Taku" title="Moses Taku">Moses Taku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_ben_Jacob_ha-Lavan" title="Isaac ben Jacob ha-Lavan">Isaac ben Jacob ha-Lavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_ben_Abraham_I" title="Nathan ben Abraham I">Nathan ben Abraham I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillel_ben_Eliakim" title="Hillel ben Eliakim">Hillel ben Eliakim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judah_Leon_ben_Moses_Mosconi" title="Judah Leon ben Moses Mosconi">Judah Leon ben Moses Mosconi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nethanel_ben_Isaiah" title="Nethanel ben Isaiah">Nethanel ben Isaiah‎</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3481858#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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