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What is GNU, and what freedom is at stake?</p> <div id="home"> <div class="first-column"> <h2>What is GNU?</h2> <p>GNU is an operating system that is <a href="/web/20160223001254/http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html">free software</a>—that is, it respects users' freedom. The development of GNU made it possible to use a computer without software that would trample your freedom.</p> <p>We recommend <a href="/web/20160223001254/http://www.gnu.org/distros/free-distros.html">installable versions of GNU</a> (more precisely, GNU/Linux distributions) which are entirely free software. <a href="#More-GNU">More about GNU below</a>.</p> <p class="c"><a href="/web/20160223001254/http://www.gnu.org/distros/screenshot.html"><img src="/web/20160223001254im_/http://www.gnu.org/distros/screenshots/trisquel.png" alt="Screenshot of GNU"/></a></p> <h2>What is the Free Software Movement?</h2> <p>The free software movement campaigns to win for the users of computing the freedom that comes from free software. Free software puts its users in control of their own computing. Non-free software puts its users under the power of the software's developer. See <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223001254/https://www.fsf.org/blogs/rms/20140407-geneva-tedx-talk-free-software-free-society"> the video explanation</a>.</p> <h2>What is Free Software?</h2> <p><strong>Free software means the users have the freedom to run, copy, distribute, study, change and improve the software.</strong></p> <p>Free software is a matter of liberty, not price. To understand the concept, you should think of “free” as in “free speech”, not as in “free beer”.</p> <p>More precisely, free software means users of a program have the <a href="/web/20160223001254/http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html">four essential freedoms</a>:</p> <ul> <li>The freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose (freedom 0).</li> <li>The freedom to study how the program works, and adapt it to your needs (freedom 1). Access to the source code is a precondition for this.</li> <li>The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor (freedom 2).</li> <li>The freedom to improve the program, and release your improvements to the public, so that the whole community benefits (freedom 3). Access to the source code is a precondition for this.</li> </ul> <p>Developments in technology and network use have made these freedoms <a href="/web/20160223001254/http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">even more important now</a> than they were in 1983.</p> <p>Nowadays the free software movement goes far beyond developing the GNU system. See <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223001254/https://fsf.org/">the Free Software Foundation's web site</a> for more about what we do, and a list of <a href="/web/20160223001254/http://www.gnu.org/help">ways you can help</a>.</p> <h2>More about GNU</h2> <p><a id="More-GNU">GNU</a> is a Unix-like operating system. That means it is a collection of many programs: applications, libraries, developer tools, even games. The development of GNU, started in January 1984, is known as the GNU Project. Many of the programs in GNU are released under the auspices of the GNU Project; those we call <a href="/web/20160223001254/http://www.gnu.org/software/">GNU packages</a>.</p> <p>The name “GNU” is a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” <a href="/web/20160223001254/http://www.gnu.org/pronunciation/pronunciation.html">“GNU” is pronounced <em>g'noo</em></a>, as one syllable, like saying “grew” but replacing the <em>r</em> with <em>n</em>.</p> <p>The program in a Unix-like system that allocates machine resources and talks to the hardware is called the “kernel”. GNU is typically used with a kernel called Linux. This combination is the <a href="/web/20160223001254/http://www.gnu.org/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html"><strong>GNU/Linux operating system</strong></a>. GNU/Linux is used by millions, though many <a href="/web/20160223001254/http://www.gnu.org/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">call it “Linux” by mistake</a>.</p> <p>GNU's own kernel, <a href="/web/20160223001254/http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/hurd.html">The Hurd</a>, was started in 1990 (before Linux was started). Volunteers continue developing the Hurd because it is an interesting technical project.</p> <p><a href="/web/20160223001254/http://www.gnu.org/gnu/gnu.html">More information</a>.</p> </div> <div class="second-column"> <p class="button c large"><a href="/web/20160223001254/http://www.gnu.org/distros/free-distros.html">Try GNU/Linux!</a></p> <div class="emph-box"> <h4 id="Flashes"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223001254/http://planet.gnu.org/">Planet GNU</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223001254/http://planet.gnu.org/rss20.xml"><img src="/web/20160223001254im_/http://www.gnu.org/feed-icon-10x10.png" alt="RSS Feed"/></a></h4>  <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223001254/http://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/get-ready-to-fork-the-system-at-libreplanet"> <span class="gnun-split"></span>Get ready to Fork the System at LibrePlanet<span class="gnun-split"></span></a><span class="gnun-split"></span>: Hundreds of people from around the world will meet at LibrePlanet 2016: Fork the System, March 19-20, 2016 at MIT in Cambridge, MA. This year's co... <span class="gnun-split"></span><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223001254/http://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/get-ready-to-fork-the-system-at-libreplanet"><span class="gnun-split"></span>more<span class="gnun-split"></span></a></p> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223001254/http://www.fsf.org/events/rms-20160415-nantes"> <span class="gnun-split"></span>Richard Stallman to speak in Nantes, France<span class="gnun-split"></span></a><span class="gnun-split"></span>: The Free Software Movement campaigns for computer users' freedom to cooperate and control their own computing. The Free Software Movement developed... <span class="gnun-split"></span><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223001254/http://www.fsf.org/events/rms-20160415-nantes"><span class="gnun-split"></span>more<span class="gnun-split"></span></a></p> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223001254/http://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/you-did-it-the-fundraiser-was-a-success-are-you-ready-for-whats-next"> <span class="gnun-split"></span>You did it! The fundraiser was a success -- are you ready for what's next?<span class="gnun-split"></span></a><span class="gnun-split"></span>: Once again, the free software community helped put the FSF in a strong position to tackle our list of free software... <span class="gnun-split"></span><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223001254/http://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/you-did-it-the-fundraiser-was-a-success-are-you-ready-for-whats-next"><span class="gnun-split"></span>more<span class="gnun-split"></span></a></p> <p>For more news, see <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223001254/http://planet.gnu.org/">Planet GNU</a> and the list of <a href="/web/20160223001254/http://www.gnu.org/software/recent-releases.html">recent GNU releases</a>.</p>      <h4 id="libc"> <a href="/web/20160223001254/http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/">GNU C Library</a></h4><p> The GNU C Library is the standard C library of the GNU system. It defines the system calls and other basic functionality necessary to write programs in the C language. It handles low-level functionality that communicates with the kernel, such as process and file management, as well as higher-level functionality such as string manipulation or command-line argument handling. <small>(<a href="/web/20160223001254/http://www.gnu.org/manual/manual.html#libc">doc</a>)</small></p>  <p><small><a href="/web/20160223001254/http://www.gnu.org/manual/blurbs.html">Short descriptions for all GNU packages.</a></small></p> </div> <div id="Action">  <h2>Take Action</h2> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223001254/http://www.fsf.org/campaigns">Support current FSF campaigns</a></strong>.</li> <li>Defend <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223001254/http://www.laquadrature.net/en/Privacy"> privacy</a>, and support <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223001254/http://www.laquadrature.net/en/the-eu-commissions-outrageous-attempt-to-avoid-copyright-reform"> global copyright reform</a> with <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223001254/http://www.laquadrature.net/en/">LQDN</a>.</li> <li>Support the efforts on net neutrality in Europe, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223001254/http://www.savetheinternet.com/" title="Net neutrality in the United States of America">in the USA</a> and <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223001254/http://saveournet.ca/" title="Net neutrality in Canada">in Canada</a>.</li> <li><strong>Fight against software patents:</strong> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223001254/http://www.endsoftpatents.org/">worldwide</a>, <a href="/web/20160223001254/http://www.gnu.org/server/takeaction.html#swpat">and Europe</a>.</li> <li><strong>Watch and share this movie:</strong> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223001254/http://patentabsurdity.com/">Patent Absurdity</a>—made possible by <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223001254/http://www.fsf.org/associate/">FSF associate members</a> like <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223001254/http://fsf.org/jfb">you</a>.</li> <li><strong><a href="/web/20160223001254/http://www.gnu.org/server/takeaction.html#wipochange">Call on WIPO</a></strong> to change its name and mission.</li> <li>Students! <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223001254/http://www.aful.org/communiques/univ-offers-me-windows"> Claim a refund on your unused Microsoft Windows licences</a>.</li> <li><a href="/web/20160223001254/http://www.gnu.org/server/takeaction.html#directory">Add to the Free Software Directory</a>.</li> <li><a href="/web/20160223001254/http://www.gnu.org/server/takeaction.html">More action items.</a></li> </ul>  </div> </div> </div> <div class="highlight-para"> <p><strong>Can you contribute to any of these <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223001254/http://www.fsf.org/campaigns/priority-projects/">High Priority Projects</a>?</strong> Gnash, coreboot, free distributions of GNU/Linux, GNU Octave, drivers for network routers, reversible debugging in GDB, automatic transcription, PowerVR drivers, and also free software replacements for Skype, OpenDWG libraries, and Oracle Forms.</p> <p id="unmaint"><strong>Can you take over an <a href="/web/20160223001254/http://www.gnu.org/server/takeaction.html#unmaint">unmaintained GNU package</a>?</strong> <span class="gnun-split"></span> <a href="/web/20160223001254/http://www.gnu.org/software/halifax/">halifax</a>, <a href="/web/20160223001254/http://www.gnu.org/software/metahtml/">metahtml</a>, <a href="/web/20160223001254/http://www.gnu.org/software/orgadoc/">orgadoc</a>, <a href="/web/20160223001254/http://www.gnu.org/software/polyxmass/">polyxmass</a>, <a href="/web/20160223001254/http://www.gnu.org/software/teximpatient/">teximpatient</a><span class="gnun-split"></span>, are all <a href="/web/20160223001254/http://www.gnu.org/server/takeaction.html#unmaint">looking for maintainers</a>. Also, these packages are looking for co-maintainers: <span class="gnun-split"></span> <a href="/web/20160223001254/http://www.gnu.org/software/aspell/">aspell</a>, <a href="/web/20160223001254/http://www.gnu.org/software/gnuae/">gnuae</a>, <a href="/web/20160223001254/http://www.gnu.org/software/metaexchange/">metaexchange</a>, <a href="/web/20160223001254/http://www.gnu.org/software/powerguru/">powerguru</a><span class="gnun-split"></span>. See the package web pages for more information.</p> </div> </div>  <div id="fsf-links"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20160223001254/http://www.gnu.org/">GNU home page</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223001254/http://www.fsf.org/">FSF home page</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160223001254/http://www.gnu.org/graphics/graphics.html">GNU Art</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160223001254/http://www.gnu.org/people/people.html">GNU's Who?</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223001254/http://directory.fsf.org/">Free Software Directory</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223001254/https://h-node.org/">Hardware</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160223001254/http://www.gnu.org/server/sitemap.html">Site map</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="mission-statement"> <blockquote> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223001254/http://www.fsf.org/"><img id="fsfbanner" src="/web/20160223001254im_/http://www.gnu.org/graphics/fsf-logo-notext.png" alt=" [FSF logo] "/></a><strong>“Our mission is to preserve, protect and promote the freedom to use, study, copy, modify, and redistribute computer software, and to defend the rights of Free Software users.”</strong></p> </blockquote> <p>The <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223001254/http://www.fsf.org/">Free Software Foundation</a> is the principal organizational sponsor of the GNU Operating System. <strong>Support GNU and the FSF</strong> by <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223001254/http://shop.fsf.org/">buying manuals and gear</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223001254/https://my.fsf.org/associate/support_freedom?referrer=4052"> <strong>joining the FSF</strong></a> as an associate member, or making a <strong>donation</strong>, either <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223001254/http://donate.fsf.org/">directly to the FSF</a> or <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223001254/http://flattr.com/thing/313733/gnuproject-on-Flattr">via Flattr</a>.</p> <p id="backtotop"><a href="#header">back to top</a></p> </div>  <p id="sisters">The <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223001254/http://www.fsf.org/">FSF</a> also has sister organizations in <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223001254/http://www.fsfe.org/">Europe</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223001254/http://www.fsfla.org/">Latin America</a> and <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223001254/http://fsf.org.in/">India</a>.</p> <div id="fs-gang"> <div class="img-container"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223001254/http://www.fsf.org/working-together/gang">meet the free software gang<img src="/web/20160223001254im_/http://www.gnu.org/graphics/fs-gang.png" alt=" [FS gang] "/></a> </div>  </div>  <div id="footer">  <p>Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223001254/http://www.fsf.org/">Free Software Foundation</a>, Inc.</p> <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223001254/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p>  <div class="unprintable"> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223001254/http://www.fsf.org/about/dmca-notice">Copyright Infringement Notification</a></p> </div>  <p class="unprintable">Updated:  $Date: 2015/11/01 13:32:17 $  </p> </div> </div> </body> </html>