The re-eutrophication of Lake Erie: Harmful algal blooms and hypoxia

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usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label> <select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"> </select> <div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="bibliography-action-panel" class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false" data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h3 class="action-panel-heading"> Add to My Bibliography </h3> <form id="bibliography-action-panel-form" class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100" data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10" data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/" data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/" data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/" data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="yaTkMc3G9PI56xsgnp1rqBVKV0a9oYxfpw5B4xXRMgSzrKcS7k9AfgaABKtr6yp1"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls"> <div class="choice-group"> <ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items"> <li> <input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/> <label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel" ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel" aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="mybib" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true" data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false" data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your saved search </h2> <form id="saved-search-action-panel-form" class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/" data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/" data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="yaTkMc3G9PI56xsgnp1rqBVKV0a9oYxfpw5B4xXRMgSzrKcS7k9AfgaABKtr6yp1"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of saved search: </label> <input maxlength="200" type="text" name="saved-search-name" id="saved-search-name" class="saved-search-name" value="" required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Search terms: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea> </div> <div class="test-search-term-wrap"> <a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a> </div> <div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label"> Would you like email updates of new search results? </span> <fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label"> <legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend> <ul class="radio-group-items"> <li> <input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked> <label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label> </li> <li> <input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no"> <label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label> </li> </ul> </fieldset> </div> <div class="alert-schedule-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label class="action-panel-label"> Email: </label> <span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label"> Frequency: </label> <select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency"> <option value="monthly">Monthly</option> <option value="weekly">Weekly</option> <option value="daily">Daily</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector"> <option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">The first Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">The first Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option> <option value="day">The first day</option> <option value="weekday">The first weekday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day"> <option value="Sunday">Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">Saturday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label"> Report format: </label> <select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report"> <option value="DocSum">Summary</option> <option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option> <option value="Abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option> <option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label"> Send at most: </label> <select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount"> <option value="1">1 item</option> <option value="5" selected>5 items</option> <option value="10">10 items</option> <option value="20">20 items</option> <option value="50">50 items</option> <option value="100">100 items</option> <option value="200">200 items</option> </select> </div> <div> <input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result"> <label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox"> Send even when there aren't any new results </label> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label"> Optional text in email: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-email-text" id="saved-search-email-text" class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Saving..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Save </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel" ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel" aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Create a file for external citation management software </h2> <form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/results-export-ids/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/" method="post" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="yaTkMc3G9PI56xsgnp1rqBVKV0a9oYxfpw5B4xXRMgSzrKcS7k9AfgaABKtr6yp1"> <input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Sending..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="save"> Create file </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel" ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel" aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your RSS Feed </h2> <form id="rss-action-panel-form" class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/" data-search-form-term-value=""> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="yaTkMc3G9PI56xsgnp1rqBVKV0a9oYxfpw5B4xXRMgSzrKcS7k9AfgaABKtr6yp1"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of RSS Feed: </label> <input maxlength="200" placeholder="Name" type="text" name="rss-name" id="rss-name" class="rss-name" value='' required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="rss-limit-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label"> Number of items displayed: </label> <select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit"> <option value="5">5</option> <option value="10">10</option> <option value="15" selected="selected">15</option> <option value="20">20</option> <option value="50">50</option> <option value="100">100</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Creating..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Create RSS </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel" ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel" aria-controls="rss-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap"> <label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label> <input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link"> <button type="button" disabled class="rss-link-copy-button disabled" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="rss" data-ga-label="copy"> Copy </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="28073496"> <aside class="page-sidebar"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <div class="full-text-links"> <div class="full-view"> <h3 class="title"> Full text links </h3> <div class="full-text-links-list"> <a class="link-item dialog-focus" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1568-9883(15)30114-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=False&PrId=3048&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=28073496&db=pubmed&nlmid=101128968" title="See full text options at Elsevier Science" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="Elsevier Science" data-ga-label="28073496" ><img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/https:--linkinghub.elsevier.com-ihub-images-PubMedLink.gif" alt="full text provider logo"><span class="text"> Elsevier Science </span></a> </div> </div> <div class="short-view"> <a href="#" class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger"> Full text links </a> </div> </div> <div class="actions-buttons sidebar"><h3 class="title">Actions</h3><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="open" data-all-citations-url="/28073496/citations/" data-citation-style="nlm" data-pubmed-format-link="/28073496/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><link type="text/css" href="ncbi-overlay-block/src/overlay-block.css"><div class="collections-button-container" data-article-id="28073496" data-article-db="pubmed"><button class="collections-button collections-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Save article in MyNCBI collections." data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="collections_button" data-collections-open-dialog-enabled="false" data-collections-open-dialog-url="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F28073496%2F%23open-collections-dialog" data-in-collections="false"><span class="button-label">Collections</span></button><div class="overlay" role="dialog"><div id="collections-action-dialog" class="dialog collections-dialog" aria-hidden="true"><div class="title">Add to Collections</div><div class="collections-action-panel action-panel"><form id="collections-action-dialog-form" class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/" data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/" data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/" data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100" data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/"><input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="yaTkMc3G9PI56xsgnp1rqBVKV0a9oYxfpw5B4xXRMgSzrKcS7k9AfgaABKtr6yp1"><div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"><ul class="radio-group-items"><li><input type="radio" id="collections-action-dialog-new" class="collections-new" name="collections" value="new" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"><label for="collections-action-dialog-new">Create a new collection</label></li><li><input type="radio" id="collections-action-dialog-existing" class="collections-existing" name="collections" value="existing" checked="true" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"><label for="collections-action-dialog-existing">Add to an existing collection</label></li></ul></div><div class="controls-wrapper"><div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label><input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"><div class="collections-new-name-too-long 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Electronic address: sue.watson@canada.ca." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Miller+C&cauthor_id=28073496" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Carol Miller">Carol Miller</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Urban Watershed Environmental Research Group, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Arhonditsis+G&cauthor_id=28073496" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="George Arhonditsis">George Arhonditsis</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Boyer+GL&cauthor_id=28073496" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Gregory L Boyer">Gregory L Boyer</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Chemistry, State University of New York - College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Carmichael+W&cauthor_id=28073496" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Wayne Carmichael">Wayne Carmichael</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 5 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Charlton+MN&cauthor_id=28073496" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Murray N Charlton">Murray N Charlton</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Burlington, ON L7 T 3C9, Canada." href="#full-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Confesor+R&cauthor_id=28073496" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Remegio Confesor">Remegio Confesor</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="National Center for Water Quality Research, Heidelberg University, Tiffin, OH 44883, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-7" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 7 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Depew+DC&cauthor_id=28073496" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="David C Depew">David C Depew</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada." href="#full-view-affiliation-8" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 8 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=H%C3%B6%C3%B6k+TO&cauthor_id=28073496" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Tomas O Höök">Tomas O Höök</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2033, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-9" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 9 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Ludsin+SA&cauthor_id=28073496" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Stuart A Ludsin">Stuart A Ludsin</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43212, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-10" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 10 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Matisoff+G&cauthor_id=28073496" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Gerald Matisoff">Gerald Matisoff</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-7216, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-11" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 11 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=McElmurry+SP&cauthor_id=28073496" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Shawn P McElmurry">Shawn P McElmurry</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Urban Watershed Environmental Research Group, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Murray+MW&cauthor_id=28073496" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Michael W Murray">Michael W Murray</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="National Wildlife Federation Great Lakes Regional Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-12" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 12 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Peter+Richards+R&cauthor_id=28073496" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="R Peter Richards">R Peter Richards</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Oberlin, Ohio 44074 USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-13" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 13 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Rao+YR&cauthor_id=28073496" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Yerubandi R Rao">Yerubandi R Rao</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada." href="#full-view-affiliation-8" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 8 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Steffen+MM&cauthor_id=28073496" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Morgan M Steffen">Morgan M Steffen</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-14" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 14 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Wilhelm+SW&cauthor_id=28073496" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Steven W Wilhelm">Steven W Wilhelm</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-0845, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-15" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 15 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="short-article-details"> Affiliations <button class="more-details" id="toggle-authors" data-alt-text="Collapse" aria-controls="expanded-authors" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore data-fetch-url="/28073496/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title"> Expand </span> </button> </div> <div class="extended-article-details" id="expanded-authors" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="expanded-authors" id="full-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliations </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-1" id="full-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada. Electronic address: sue.watson@canada.ca.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-2" id="full-view-affiliation-2" ><sup class="key">2</sup> Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Urban Watershed Environmental Research Group, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-3" id="full-view-affiliation-3" ><sup class="key">3</sup> Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-4" id="full-view-affiliation-4" ><sup class="key">4</sup> Department of Chemistry, State University of New York - College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-5" id="full-view-affiliation-5" ><sup class="key">5</sup> Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-6" id="full-view-affiliation-6" ><sup class="key">6</sup> Burlington, ON L7 T 3C9, Canada.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-7" id="full-view-affiliation-7" ><sup class="key">7</sup> National Center for Water Quality Research, Heidelberg University, Tiffin, OH 44883, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-8" id="full-view-affiliation-8" ><sup class="key">8</sup> Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-9" id="full-view-affiliation-9" ><sup class="key">9</sup> Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2033, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-10" id="full-view-affiliation-10" ><sup class="key">10</sup> Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43212, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-11" id="full-view-affiliation-11" ><sup class="key">11</sup> Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-7216, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-12" id="full-view-affiliation-12" ><sup class="key">12</sup> National Wildlife Federation Great Lakes Regional Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-13" id="full-view-affiliation-13" ><sup class="key">13</sup> Oberlin, Ohio 44074 USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-14" id="full-view-affiliation-14" ><sup class="key">14</sup> Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-15" id="full-view-affiliation-15" ><sup class="key">15</sup> Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-0845, USA.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <ul 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data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label='"Harmful Algae"[jour]' href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2016 Jun:56:44-66.</span> </div> <span class="citation-doi"> doi: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.04.010. </span> <span class="secondary-date"> Epub 2016 May 18. </span> </div> <div class="expanded-authors" id="short-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="authors"> <h3 class="title"> Authors </h3> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Watson+SB&cauthor_id=28073496" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Susan B Watson">Susan B Watson</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada. Electronic address: sue.watson@canada.ca." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Miller+C&cauthor_id=28073496" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Carol Miller">Carol Miller</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Urban Watershed Environmental Research Group, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Arhonditsis+G&cauthor_id=28073496" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="George Arhonditsis">George Arhonditsis</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Boyer+GL&cauthor_id=28073496" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Gregory L Boyer">Gregory L Boyer</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Chemistry, State University of New York - College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Carmichael+W&cauthor_id=28073496" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Wayne Carmichael">Wayne Carmichael</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 5 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Charlton+MN&cauthor_id=28073496" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Murray N Charlton">Murray N Charlton</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Burlington, ON L7 T 3C9, Canada." href="#short-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Confesor+R&cauthor_id=28073496" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Remegio Confesor">Remegio Confesor</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="National Center for Water Quality Research, Heidelberg University, Tiffin, OH 44883, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-7" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 7 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Depew+DC&cauthor_id=28073496" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="David C Depew">David C Depew</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada." href="#short-view-affiliation-8" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 8 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=H%C3%B6%C3%B6k+TO&cauthor_id=28073496" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Tomas O Höök">Tomas O Höök</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2033, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-9" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 9 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Ludsin+SA&cauthor_id=28073496" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Stuart A Ludsin">Stuart A Ludsin</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43212, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-10" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 10 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Matisoff+G&cauthor_id=28073496" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Gerald Matisoff">Gerald Matisoff</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-7216, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-11" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 11 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=McElmurry+SP&cauthor_id=28073496" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Shawn P McElmurry">Shawn P McElmurry</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Urban Watershed Environmental Research Group, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Murray+MW&cauthor_id=28073496" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Michael W Murray">Michael W Murray</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="National Wildlife Federation Great Lakes Regional Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-12" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 12 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Peter+Richards+R&cauthor_id=28073496" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="R Peter Richards">R Peter Richards</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Oberlin, Ohio 44074 USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-13" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 13 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Rao+YR&cauthor_id=28073496" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Yerubandi R Rao">Yerubandi R Rao</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada." href="#short-view-affiliation-8" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 8 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Steffen+MM&cauthor_id=28073496" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Morgan M Steffen">Morgan M Steffen</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-14" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 14 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Wilhelm+SW&cauthor_id=28073496" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Steven W Wilhelm">Steven W Wilhelm</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-0845, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-15" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 15 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliations </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-1" id="short-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada. Electronic address: sue.watson@canada.ca.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-2" id="short-view-affiliation-2" ><sup class="key">2</sup> Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Urban Watershed Environmental Research Group, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-3" id="short-view-affiliation-3" ><sup class="key">3</sup> Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-4" id="short-view-affiliation-4" ><sup class="key">4</sup> Department of Chemistry, State University of New York - College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-5" id="short-view-affiliation-5" ><sup class="key">5</sup> Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-6" id="short-view-affiliation-6" ><sup class="key">6</sup> Burlington, ON L7 T 3C9, Canada.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-7" id="short-view-affiliation-7" ><sup class="key">7</sup> National Center for Water Quality Research, Heidelberg University, Tiffin, OH 44883, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-8" id="short-view-affiliation-8" ><sup class="key">8</sup> Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-9" id="short-view-affiliation-9" ><sup class="key">9</sup> Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2033, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-10" id="short-view-affiliation-10" ><sup class="key">10</sup> Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43212, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-11" id="short-view-affiliation-11" ><sup class="key">11</sup> Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-7216, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-12" id="short-view-affiliation-12" ><sup class="key">12</sup> National Wildlife Federation Great Lakes Regional Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-13" id="short-view-affiliation-13" ><sup class="key">13</sup> Oberlin, Ohio 44074 USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-14" id="short-view-affiliation-14" ><sup class="key">14</sup> Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-15" id="short-view-affiliation-15" ><sup class="key">15</sup> Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-0845, USA.</li> </ul> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="short-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">28073496</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=10.1016/j.hal.2016.04.010&id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2016.04.010" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1016/j.hal.2016.04.010 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="actions-buttons inline"><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with full text links" ref="linksrc=full_text_links"> Full text links </button><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="open" data-all-citations-url="/28073496/citations/" data-citation-style="nlm" data-pubmed-format-link="/28073496/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title"> Display options </div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label"> Format </span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="inline-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="abstract" id="abstract"> <h2 class="title"> Abstract </h2> <div class="abstract-content selected" id="eng-abstract"> <p> Lake Erie supplies drinking water to more than 11 million consumers, processes millions of gallons of wastewater, provides important species habitat and supports a substantial industrial sector, with >$50 billion annual income to tourism, recreational boating, shipping, fisheries, and other industries. These and other key ecosystem services are currently threatened by an excess supply of nutrients, manifested in particular by increases in the magnitude and extent of harmful planktonic and benthic algal blooms (HABs) and hypoxia. Widespread concern for this important international waterbody has been manifested in a strong focus of scientific and public material on the subject, and commitments for Canada-US remedial actions in recent agreements among Federal, Provincial and State agencies. This review provides a retrospective synthesis of past and current nutrient inputs, impairments by planktonic and benthic HABs and hypoxia, modelling and Best Management Practices in the Lake Erie basin. The results demonstrate that phosphorus reduction is of primary importance, but the effects of climate, nitrogen and other factors should also be considered in the context of adaptive management. Actions to reduce nutrient levels by targeted Best Management Practices will likely need to be tailored for soil types, topography, and farming practices. </p> </div> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Keywords: </strong> Cladophora; Climate change; Cyanobacteria; Internal loading; Microcystis; Nutrient management models. </p> </div> <p class="copyright" id="copyright"> Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V. </p> <p class="disclaimer" id="disclaimer"> <a href="/disclaimer/" target="_blank" ga_category="literature_resources" ga_action="disclaimer_link" ga_label="under_abstract">PubMed Disclaimer</a> </p> <div class="similar-articles" id="similar"> <h2 class="title"> Similar articles </h2> <ul class="articles-list" id="similar-articles-list"> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/31349881/" ref="article_id=31349881&linksrc=similar_articles_link&ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="31349881" data-ga-label=""> Estimating the economic costs of algal blooms in the Canadian Lake Erie Basin. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Smith RB, Bass B, Sawyer D, Depew D, Watson SB.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Smith RB, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Harmful Algae. 2019 Jul;87:101624. doi: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.101624. 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The re-eutrophication of Lake Erie: Harmful algal blooms and hypoxia - PubMed