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cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Википедия эсендә эҙләү" aria-label="Википедия эсендә эҙләү" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Википедия эсендә эҙләү [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Махсус:Эҙләү"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Эҙләргә</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Шәхси ҡоралдар"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Уҡыу көйләүҙәре"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Измените внешний вид страницы, размер, ширину и цвет шрифта." > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Уҡыу көйләүҙәре" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Уҡыу көйләүҙәре</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=ba" class=""><span>Иғәнә</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%98%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF_%D1%8F%D2%99%D1%8B%D1%83%D1%8B_%D1%8F%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%83&returnto=%D0%91%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5+%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Мотлаҡ булмаһа ла, иҫәп яҙмаһы төҙөргә һәм системала танылырға тәҡдим итәбеҙ" class=""><span>Теркәлеү</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%83&returnto=%D0%91%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5+%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Бында теркәлеү үтергә була, әммә мотлаҡ түгел [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Танылыу</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Күберәк мөмкинлектәр" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Шәхси ҡоралдар" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Шәхси ҡоралдар</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Ҡатнашыусы менюһы" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=ba"><span>Иғәнә</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%98%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF_%D1%8F%D2%99%D1%8B%D1%83%D1%8B_%D1%8F%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%83&returnto=%D0%91%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5+%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Мотлаҡ булмаһа ла, иҫәп яҙмаһы төҙөргә һәм системала танылырға тәҡдим итәбеҙ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Теркәлеү</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%83&returnto=%D0%91%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5+%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Бында теркәлеү үтергә була, әммә мотлаҡ түгел [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Танылыу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Танылмаған мөхәррирҙәр өсөн бит <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A0%D3%99%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D2%99" aria-label="Мөхәррирләү тураһында ентеклерәк"><span>Күберәк белергә</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D3%A8%D0%BB%D3%A9%D1%88%D3%A9%D0%BC" title="Был IP-адрестан яһалған төҙәтеүҙәр [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Өлөш</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D3%98%D2%A3%D0%B3%D3%99%D0%BC%D3%99_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="IP-адресығыҙ өсөн фекер алышыу бите [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Фекер алышыу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eйәшерергә\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"sitenotice\" lang=\"ba\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Йөкмәткеһе" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Йөкмәткеһе</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ҡабырға панеленә күсерергә</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">йәшерергә</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Башы</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Географияһы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Географияһы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Географияһы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Географияһы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Климаты_һәм_үҫемлектәр_донъяһы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Климаты_һәм_үҫемлектәр_донъяһы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Климаты һәм үҫемлектәр донъяһы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Климаты_һәм_үҫемлектәр_донъяһы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Шулай_уҡ_ҡара" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Шулай_уҡ_ҡара"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Шулай уҡ ҡара</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Шулай_уҡ_ҡара-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Иҫкәрмәләр" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Иҫкәрмәләр"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Иҫкәрмәләр</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Иҫкәрмәләр-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Йөкмәткеһе" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Йөкмәткене күрһәтергә/йәшерергә" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Йөкмәткене күрһәтергә/йәшерергә</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Бәрәкәтле ярым ай</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Икенсе телдәге мәҡәләгә күсегеҙ. 78 телдә уҡырға була" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-78" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">78 тел</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrugbare_Halfmaan" title="Vrugbare Halfmaan — африкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Vrugbare Halfmaan" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A8" title="الهلال الخصيب — арабский" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الهلال الخصيب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A8" title="الهلال الخصيب — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الهلال الخصيب" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creciente_F%C3%A9rtil" title="Creciente Fértil — астурийский" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Creciente Fértil" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C9%99r%C9%99k%C9%99tli_hilal" title="Bərəkətli hilal — азербайджанский" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bərəkətli hilal" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84" title="برکتلی هیلال — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="برکتلی هیلال" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%86" title="Урадлівы паўмесяц — белорусский" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Урадлівы паўмесяц" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белорусский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%86" title="Урадлівы паўмесяц — белорусский (тарашкевица)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Урадлівы паўмесяц" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="белорусский (тарашкевица)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Плодороден полумесец — болгарский" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Плодороден полумесец" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE" title="উর্বর চন্দ্রকলা — бенгальский" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উর্বর চন্দ্রকলা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreskenn_Strujus" title="Kreskenn Strujus — бретонский" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kreskenn Strujus" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plodni_polumjesec" title="Plodni polumjesec — боснийский" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Plodni polumjesec" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="боснийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%8B_%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Үрэжэлтэй хэлтэгы һара — бурятский" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Үрэжэлтэй хэлтэгы һара" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="бурятский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creixent_F%C3%A8rtil" title="Creixent Fèrtil — каталанский" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Creixent Fèrtil" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%95%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="کەوانەی بەپیت — центральнокурдский" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کەوانەی بەپیت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="центральнокурдский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Arodn%C3%BD_p%C5%AFlm%C4%9Bs%C3%ADc" title="Úrodný půlměsíc — чешский" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Úrodný půlměsíc" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="сифатлы мәҡәләләр"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frugtbare_halvm%C3%A5ne" title="Frugtbare halvmåne — датский" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Frugtbare halvmåne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruchtbarer_Halbmond" title="Fruchtbarer Halbmond — немецкий" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fruchtbarer Halbmond" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%8D%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B7_%CE%97%CE%BC%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Εύφορη Ημισέληνος — греческий" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εύφορη Ημισέληνος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="греческий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertile_Crescent" title="Fertile Crescent — английский" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Fertile Crescent" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="английский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fekunda_duonluno" title="Fekunda duonluno — эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fekunda duonluno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creciente_F%C3%A9rtil" title="Creciente Fértil — испанский" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Creciente Fértil" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljakas_poolkuu" title="Viljakas poolkuu — эстонский" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Viljakas poolkuu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilgora_Emankorra" title="Ilgora Emankorra — баскский" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ilgora Emankorra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="هلال حاصلخیز — персидский" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هلال حاصلخیز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персидский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedelm%C3%A4llinen_puolikuu" title="Hedelmällinen puolikuu — финский" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hedelmällinen puolikuu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="финский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croissant_fertile" title="Croissant fertile — французский" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Croissant fertile" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="французский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruchtbere_Healmoanne" title="Fruchtbere Healmoanne — западнофризский" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Fruchtbere Healmoanne" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="западнофризский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Corr%C3%A1n_M%C3%A9ith" title="An Corrán Méith — ирландский" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Corrán Méith" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crecente_F%C3%A9rtil" title="Crecente Fértil — галисийский" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Crecente Fértil" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%94%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%94" title="הסהר הפורה — иврит" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הסהר הפורה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="उर्वर अर्धचंद्र — хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उर्वर अर्धचंद्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plodni_polumjesec" title="Plodni polumjesec — хорватский" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Plodni polumjesec" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Term%C3%A9keny_f%C3%A9lhold" title="Termékeny félhold — венгерский" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Termékeny félhold" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгерский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80_%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%AB%D5%AF" title="Բարեբեր մահիկ — армянский" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բարեբեր մահիկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilal_Subur" title="Hilal Subur — индонезийский" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hilal Subur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frj%C3%B3sami_h%C3%A1lfm%C3%A1ninn" title="Frjósami hálfmáninn — исландский" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Frjósami hálfmáninn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezzaluna_Fertile" title="Mezzaluna Fertile — итальянский" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mezzaluna Fertile" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итальянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%82%A5%E6%B2%83%E3%81%AA%E4%B8%89%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%88%E5%9C%B0%E5%B8%AF" title="肥沃な三日月地帯 — японский" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="肥沃な三日月地帯" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A7%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94" title="ნოყიერი ნახევარმთვარე — грузинский" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნოყიერი ნახევარმთვარე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EC%98%A5%ED%95%9C_%EC%B4%88%EC%8A%B9%EB%8B%AC_%EC%A7%80%EB%8C%80" title="비옥한 초승달 지대 — корейский" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="비옥한 초승달 지대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корейский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%AElala_Berhemdar" title="Hîlala Berhemdar — курдский" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hîlala Berhemdar" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="курдский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunula_fertilis" title="Lunula fertilis — латинский" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lunula fertilis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vr%C3%B6chbaar_Kr%C3%B3m" title="Vröchbaar Króm — лимбургский" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Vröchbaar Króm" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лимбургский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derlingasis_pusm%C4%97nulis" title="Derlingasis pusmėnulis — литовский" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Derlingasis pusmėnulis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augl%C4%ABgais_pusm%C4%93ness" title="Auglīgais pusmēness — латышский" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Auglīgais pusmēness" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латышский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsinambolana_Lonaka" title="Tsinambolana Lonaka — малагасийский" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tsinambolana Lonaka" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малагасийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Плодна Полумесечина — македонский" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Плодна Полумесечина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%88%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="ഫെർറ്റൈൽ ക്രസന്റ് — малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫെർറ്റൈൽ ക്രസന്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilal_Subur" title="Hilal Subur — малайский" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hilal Subur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9D%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%92%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9E" title="လခြမ်းရပ်ဝန်းဒေသ — бирманский" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လခြမ်းရပ်ဝန်းဒေသ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирманский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vruchtbare_Sikkel" title="Vruchtbare Sikkel — нидерландский" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vruchtbare Sikkel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_fruktbare_halvm%C3%A5nen" title="Den fruktbare halvmånen — нюнорск" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Den fruktbare halvmånen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="нюнорск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="һайланған мәҡәлә"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_fruktbare_halvm%C3%A5ne" title="Den fruktbare halvmåne — норвежский букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den fruktbare halvmåne" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежский букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creissent_Fertil" title="Creissent Fertil — окситанский" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Creissent Fertil" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BByzny_P%C3%B3%C5%82ksi%C4%99%C5%BCyc" title="Żyzny Półksiężyc — польский" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Żyzny Półksiężyc" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="польский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%B2_%DB%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84" title="زرخیز ہلال — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="زرخیز ہلال" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crescente_F%C3%A9rtil" title="Crescente Fértil — португальский" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Crescente Fértil" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornul_abunden%C8%9Bei" title="Cornul abundenței — румынский" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cornul abundenței" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%86" title="Плодородный полумесяц — русский" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Плодородный полумесяц" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="русский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menzaluna_fertili" title="Menzaluna fertili — сицилийский" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Menzaluna fertili" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="сицилийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plodni_polumjesec" title="Plodni polumjesec — сербскохорватский" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Plodni polumjesec" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сербскохорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertile_Crescent" title="Fertile Crescent — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Fertile Crescent" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Arodn%C3%BD_polmesiac" title="Úrodný polmesiac — словацкий" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Úrodný polmesiac" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словацкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodovitni_polmesec" title="Rodovitni polmesec — словенский" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rodovitni polmesec" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Плодни полумесец — сербский" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Плодни полумесец" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B6rdiga_halvm%C3%A5nen" title="Bördiga halvmånen — шведский" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bördiga halvmånen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="வளமான பிறை பிரதேசம் — тамильский" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வளமான பிறை பிரதேசம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамильский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C" title="พระจันทร์เสี้ยวอันอุดมสมบูรณ์ — тайский" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พระจันทร์เสี้ยวอันอุดมสมบูรณ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mabungang_Gasuklay" title="Mabungang Gasuklay — тагалог" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mabungang Gasuklay" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="тагалог" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bereketli_Hilal" title="Bereketli Hilal — турецкий" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bereketli Hilal" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8E%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Родючий Півмісяць — украинский" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Родючий Півмісяць" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%B2_%DB%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84" title="زرخیز ہلال — урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="زرخیز ہلال" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1i_li%E1%BB%81m_M%C3%A0u_m%E1%BB%A1" title="Lưỡi liềm Màu mỡ — вьетнамский" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lưỡi liềm Màu mỡ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнамский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%9C%88%E6%B2%83%E5%9C%9F" title="新月沃土 — у" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="新月沃土" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="у" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%9C%88%E6%B2%83%E5%9C%9F" title="新月沃土 — китайский" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="新月沃土" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%BBi-th%C3%B3%CD%98_Ge%CC%8Dh-b%C3%A2i" title="Pûi-thó͘ Ge̍h-bâi — миньнань" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pûi-thó͘ Ge̍h-bâi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="миньнань" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%9C%88%E6%B2%83%E5%9C%9F" title="新月沃土 — кантонский" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="新月沃土" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q170526#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Башҡа телдәргә һылтанмаларҙы төҙәтеү" class="wbc-editpage">Һылтанмаларҙы төҙәтергә</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Исем арауыҡтары"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Эстәлек битен ҡарау [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Бит</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">йәшерергә</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Күберәк мөмкинлектәр" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ғәмәлдәр </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B9"><span>Уҡыу</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B9&veaction=edit" title="Был битте үҙгәртеү [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Үҙгәртеү</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B9&action=edit" title="Биттең сығанаҡ кодын үҙгәртеү [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Кодты үҙгәртеү</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B9&action=history"><span>Тарих</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Дөйөм </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%91%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D2%BB%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80/%D0%91%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Был биткә һылтанған барлыҡ биттәрҙең исемлеге [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Был биткә һылтанмалар</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%91%D3%99%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D2%AF%D2%99%D0%B3%D3%99%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D2%AF%D2%99%D3%99%D1%80/%D0%91%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B9" rel="nofollow" title="Был бит һылтанған биттәрҙәге һуңғы үҙгәртеүҙәр [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Бәйле үҙгәртеүҙәр</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80" title="Барлыҡ махсус биттәр исемлеге [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Махсус биттәр</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B9&oldid=1066347" title="Биттең был өлгөһөнә даими һылтанма"><span>Даими һылтанма</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B9&action=info" title="Был бит тураһында ентекләберәк"><span>Бит мәғлүмәттәре</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0&page=%D0%91%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B9&id=1066347&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Был биттән нисек өҙөмтә яһау тураһында мәғлүмәт"><span>Биттән өҙөмтә яһарға</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fba.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%2591%25D3%2599%25D1%2580%25D3%2599%25D0%25BA%25D3%2599%25D1%2582%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5_%25D1%258F%25D1%2580%25D1%258B%25D0%25BC_%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9"><span>Ҡыҫҡа URL алыу</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fba.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%2591%25D3%2599%25D1%2580%25D3%2599%25D0%25BA%25D3%2599%25D1%2582%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5_%25D1%258F%25D1%2580%25D1%258B%25D0%25BC_%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9"><span>QR код алыу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Баҫтырыу/сығарыу </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:Collection&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D0%91%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5+%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D0%B0%D0%B9"><span>Китап төҙөү</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%91%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B9&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF форматында йөкләү</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B9&printable=yes" title="Биттең ҡағыҙға баҫтырыу өсөн өлгөһө [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Баҫтырыу өлгөһө</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Башҡа проекттарҙа </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fertile_Crescent" hreflang="en"><span>Викимилек</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q170526" title="Мәғлүмәт һаҡлағысына бәйле элементҡа һылтанма [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Викимәғлүмәт элементы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ҡоралдар"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Уҡыу көйләүҙәре"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Уҡыу көйләүҙәре</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ҡабырға панеленә күсерергә</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">йәшерергә</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-0-coord" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span class="coordinates plainlinks nourlexpansion" data-param="36_N_40_E_globe:earth"><span title="Показать карту"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:Map/14/36/40/ru" data-zoom="14" data-lat="36" data-lon="40" data-lang="ru" data-overlays="["_abe175eaf44eeb72655b922da5e1afd03fd479c1"]">36° с. ш. 40° в. д.</a></span><sup class="geo-services noprint"><span class="geo-geohack" title="Карты и инструменты на GeoHack"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=ru&pagename=%D0%91%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B9&params=36_N_40_E_globe:earth"><span>H</span></a></span><span class="geo-google" title="Это место на «Картах Google»"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//maps.google.com/maps?ll=36,40&q=36,40&spn=0.03,0.03&t=h&hl=ru"><span>G</span></a></span><span class="geo-yandex" title="Это место на «Яндекс.Картах»"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//yandex.ru/maps/?ll=40,36&pt=40,36&spn=0.03,0.03&l=sat,skl"><span>Я</span></a></span><span class="geo-osm" title="Это место на карте OpenStreetMap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=36&mlon=40&zoom=14"><span>O</span></a></span></sup></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Википедия — ирекле энциклопедия мәғлүмәте</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ba" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1278674">.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка{width:23em}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-above{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);font-weight:bold;font-size:120%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-original,.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-image{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-label{width:9em;background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);text-align:left;padding-left:.4em;padding-right:.4em}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-split{vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-below{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-error{background:var(--background-color-destructive-subtle,#ffe9e5);border:1px solid var(--border-color-error,#9f3526);text-align:center}</style> <table cellspacing="2" class="infobox ts-Универсальная_карточка"> <tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-above ts-Универсальная_карточка-above">Бәрәкәтле ярым ай</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ts-Универсальная_карточка-image"><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q170526$21b51482-4a65-3f63-8fe6-3ca0f3ee7f16" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P18"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Tigris_River,_Diyarbak%C4%B1r_(Turkey)_-_The_beginning_of_the_%22Fertile_Crescent%22.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Рәсем" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Tigris_River%2C_Diyarbak%C4%B1r_%28Turkey%29_-_The_beginning_of_the_%22Fertile_Crescent%22.JPG/274px-Tigris_River%2C_Diyarbak%C4%B1r_%28Turkey%29_-_The_beginning_of_the_%22Fertile_Crescent%22.JPG" decoding="async" width="274" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Tigris_River%2C_Diyarbak%C4%B1r_%28Turkey%29_-_The_beginning_of_the_%22Fertile_Crescent%22.JPG/411px-Tigris_River%2C_Diyarbak%C4%B1r_%28Turkey%29_-_The_beginning_of_the_%22Fertile_Crescent%22.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Tigris_River%2C_Diyarbak%C4%B1r_%28Turkey%29_-_The_beginning_of_the_%22Fertile_Crescent%22.JPG/548px-Tigris_River%2C_Diyarbak%C4%B1r_%28Turkey%29_-_The_beginning_of_the_%22Fertile_Crescent%22.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="1407" /></a></span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсальная_карточка-label">Кем хөрмәтенә аталған</th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q170526$69cd3547-4d84-2930-290e-760216fa8ec2" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P138"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%86&action=edit&editintro=T:Нет_статьи/editintro&preload=T:Нет_статьи/preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Q24961162&preloadparams%5B%5D=%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%86&preloadparams%5B%5D=Универсальная+карточка"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">полумесяц</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24961162" class="extiw" title="d:Q24961162">[d]</a></sup></span></span> һәм <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q170526$f935bc84-4feb-d69c-de7d-b53c8af525c2" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P138"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B5&action=edit&editintro=T:Нет_статьи/editintro&preload=T:Нет_статьи/preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Q202080&preloadparams%5B%5D=%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B5&preloadparams%5B%5D=Универсальная+карточка"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">плодородие</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202080" class="extiw" title="d:Q202080">[d]</a></sup></span></span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсальная_карточка-label">Дәүләт</th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q170526$9f733bb8-4b4a-c560-7e7e-2228f7ff8e52" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P17"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Iran.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/20px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> <span class="country-name"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран">Иран</a></span></span></span><br /><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q170526$6feea9e9-4da9-8f24-2082-28015832394b" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P17"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Iraq.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/20px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <span class="country-name"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%A1" title="Ираҡ">Ираҡ</a></span></span></span><br /><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q170526$cf0cc486-4036-7621-7b70-9db55dacbb6a" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P17"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Turkey.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/20px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/30px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/40px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <span class="country-name"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D3%99" title="Төркиә">Төркиә</a></span></span></span><br /><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q170526$5a20ab81-4091-6c54-04ed-8a45cfafdaf6" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P17"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Cyprus.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/20px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/40px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <span class="country-name"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Кипр Республикаһы">Кипр Республикаһы</a></span></span></span><br /><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q170526$a1a2b0d3-4eb4-913c-d8bc-474c16d9f5c4" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P17"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <span class="country-name"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80_%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D3%A9%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Төньяҡ Кипр Төрөк Республикаһы">Төньяҡ Кипр Төрөк Йөмһүриәте</a></span></span></span><br /><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q170526$2830b243-4fe1-fec4-aff5-e61d7b827c56" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P17"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Syria.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/20px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <span class="country-name"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B8%D3%99" title="Сүриә">Сүриә</a></span></span></span><br /><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q170526$12a48c93-446a-851a-0057-d250288b43a8" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P17"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Israel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/20px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/30px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/40px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <span class="country-name"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Израиль">Израиль</a></span></span></span><br /><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q170526$76c59965-4617-fb6f-544f-5ff9ffa0f40d" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P17"><span class="country-name"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D3%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Фәләстин">Фәләстин</a></span></span></span><br /><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q170526$30f105b1-4f8c-ef9d-86dd-2fbf899c2373" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P17"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Lebanon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/20px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/30px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/40px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <span class="country-name"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ливан">Ливан</a></span></span></span><br /><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q170526$4e2f2930-42b2-2b0a-7ace-0e91e711c70a" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P17"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Jordan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <span class="country-name"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Иордания">Иордания</a></span></span></span><br /><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q170526$96d2872c-495b-3097-cb10-70e01bfe9475" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P17"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Egypt.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/20px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/30px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/40px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <span class="country-name"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Мысыр">Мысыр</a></span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ts-Универсальная_карточка-image"><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q170526$448166F1-5B71-4BA7-AA32-4013891B0AE0" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P242"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Map_of_fertile_crescent.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Урынлашыу картаһы" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Map_of_fertile_crescent.svg/244px-Map_of_fertile_crescent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="244" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Map_of_fertile_crescent.svg/366px-Map_of_fertile_crescent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Map_of_fertile_crescent.svg/488px-Map_of_fertile_crescent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1987" data-file-height="2441" /></a></span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-text"><div class="mw-kartographer-container thumb tnone center"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 300px;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme" style="width: 300px; height: 250px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="250" data-zoom="11" data-lat="36" data-lon="40" data-overlays="["_abe175eaf44eeb72655b922da5e1afd03fd479c1"]" href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:Map/11/36/40/ba"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,36,40,300x250.png?lang=ba&domain=ba.wikipedia.org&title=%D0%91%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B9&revid=1066347&groups=_abe175eaf44eeb72655b922da5e1afd03fd479c1" width="300" height="250" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,36,40,300x250@2x.png?lang=ba&domain=ba.wikipedia.org&title=%D0%91%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B9&revid=1066347&groups=_abe175eaf44eeb72655b922da5e1afd03fd479c1 2x" alt="Карта" /></a></div></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below ts-Универсальная_карточка-below"><span data-wikidata-claim-id="q170526$08E7CA43-DEBA-420B-9713-9F97CC51EC25" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P373"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fertile_Crescent" title="commons:Category:Fertile Crescent"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fertile_Crescent" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Fertile Crescent">Бәрәкәтле ярым ай Викимилектә</a></span></span></td></tr> </tbody></table><p><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q170526$1ecccd13-4dbe-cb66-c6f3-16ac85f619a7" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P625"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"></span></span> </p><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Map_of_fertile_crescent-ru.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Map_of_fertile_crescent-ru.svg/300px-Map_of_fertile_crescent-ru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="369" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Map_of_fertile_crescent-ru.svg/451px-Map_of_fertile_crescent-ru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Map_of_fertile_crescent-ru.svg/600px-Map_of_fertile_crescent-ru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1987" data-file-height="2442" /></a><figcaption><center>Плодородный полумесяц и долина Нила</center></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Бәрәкәтле ярым ай</b> — ҡышҡы айҙарҙа территорияһында яуым-төшөмдөң уғата күп булыуы күҙәтелгән Яҡын Көнсығыштағы төбәктәрҙең береһе. Атамаһы «Fertile Crescent» тигән инглиз терминынан алынған, уны ғилми әйләнешкә Америка археологы Дж. Г. Брэстед 1906 йылда «Мысырҙың боронғо текстары» (урыҫса «Древние тексты Египта») («Ancient Records of Egypt») китабында индерә<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Территорияның <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%A1" title="Тупраҡ">тупрағы</a> бай булғанға һәм картала формаһы ярым айға оҡшап тороғанға күрә шундай атама алына. </p><p>Бәрәкәтле ярым ай <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Месопотамия">Месопотамиянан</a> һәм Леванттан тора, үҙ сиратында Левант үҙе <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B8%D3%99_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%8B" title="Сүриә тарихы">тарихи Сүриәгә</a> һәм тарихи <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D3%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Фәләстин">Фәләстинға</a> бүленә. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ливан">Ливан</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Израиль">Израиль</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B8%D3%99" title="Сүриә">Сүриә</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%A1" title="Ираҡ">Ираҡтың</a> хәҙерге территорияларын, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D3%99" title="Төркиә">Төркиәнең</a> көньяҡ-көнсығышын, <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран">Ирандың</a> көньяҡ-көнбайышын һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Иордания">Иорданияның</a> төньяҡ-көнбайышын биләй. </p><p>Бәрәкәтле ярым ай Неосәйәси революция барышында <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%88_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Таш быуат">таш быуатта</a> башланған <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Игенселек">игенселек</a> һәм малсылыҡ барлыҡҡа килгән тәүге үҙәк тип таныла. Шулай уҡ ул донъяның борондан билдәле ҡала мәҙәниәттәре (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Тель-Брак">Мураивет</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Тель-Брак">Нагар</a>) булған урын булып тора. Беҙҙең эраға тиклем IV—I мең йыллыҡтарҙа Ерҙәге халыҡтың 10 проценттан ашыуы нәҡ ошонда йәшәгән. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Нил">Нил</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D2%93%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Боронғо Мысыр">Боронғо Мысыр</a>) үҙәне менән бергә Бәрәкәтле яры ай — хәҙерге заман цивилизацияһының бишеге. </p><p>Америка ғалимдарының тикшеренеүҙәренә ярашлы Бәрәкәтле ярым айҙы тәүге баҫып алыу процесына төп ике фактор сәбәпсе була — ҡоролоҡтар һәм кешеләрҙең улар менән көрөшө белеү һәләте<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Тюбенген университетынан Симона Риль етәкселегендәге немец анропологтары Ирандағы Загрос тауҙарында 2013 йылда алып барған археологик ҡаҙылмалар Яҡын Көнсығышҡа күсенгән тәүге биш төркөмдөң, бер-береһе менән аралашмайынса, яҡынса 9800 йыл элек иген культураларын игеү серен асыуын раҫлай. </p><p>Население Плодородного полумесяца </p> <table border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 10px 0px; background: rgb(255, 255, 238); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" class=""> <tbody><tr> <th>Йыл </th> <th>Ер </th> <th>Бәрәкәтле ярым ай </th></tr> <tr> <td>Б. э. т. 4000 </td> <td><span>7 000 000</span> </td> <td><span>2 000 000</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><span>300 000 000</span> </td> <td><span>30 000 000</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1000 </td> <td><span>400 000 000</span> </td> <td><span>30 000 000</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1900 </td> <td><span>1 656 000 000</span> </td> <td><span>30 000 000</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000 </td> <td><span>6 008 000 000</span> </td> <td><span>125 500 000</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2100 (прогноз) </td> <td><span>8 400 000 000</span> </td> <td><span>245 000 000</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Географияһы"><span id=".D0.93.D0.B5.D0.BE.D0.B3.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.84.D0.B8.D1.8F.D2.BB.D1.8B"></span>Географияһы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B9&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Географияһы бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B9&action=edit&section=1" title="Географияһы бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Төбәк көньяҡтан <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D3%99%D2%93%D2%AF%D0%B4_%D2%92%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Сәғүд Ғәрәбстаны">Сәғүд Ғәрәбстанының Сүриә һәм Ғәрәбстан ярымутрауы сүлдәре</a>, көньяҡ-көнбайыштан — <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B" title="Синай ярымутрауы">Синай ярымутрауы</a>, көнбайыштан — <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D2%A3%D0%B3%D0%B5%D2%99" title="Урта диңгеҙ">Урта диңгеҙ</a>, төньяҡтан — <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80_%D2%BB%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Тавр һырты">Тавр һырты</a> һәм Әрмәнстан таулыҡтары, көнсығыштан — <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Загрос">Загрос</a> тауҙары менән сикләшә, борондан уларҙы, Нил дельтаһы кеүек үк, Бәрәкәтле ярымға индерәләр. Сүриәнән тыш уға Төркиә Ҡордостаны, Ирандағы ҡорд провинциялары һәм ҡордтар йәшәгән төньяҡ Ирак та ҡарай. Уларға яҡын урынлашҡан һуғарылыусы ерҙәр ҙә тарихи- иҡтисади төбәккә ҡарай (Нил дельтаһы, Тигр һәм Евфрат йылғаларының һаҙлыҡлы үҙәндәре, Ирандағы Карун). </p><p>Бәрәкәтле ярым айҙа цивилизацияның барлыҡҡа килеүендә, һис шикһеҙ, йылғалар һәм һаҙлыҡтар ҙур роль уйнай, әммә улар ғына юғары уңдырышлыҡты тәьмин иткән, тип әйтеү хата булыр ине. Был өлкә Область явилась между другими районами <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Африка">Африка</a> һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Евразия">Евразияның башҡа</a> райондары өсөн үҙенсәлекле «күпер» булып тора. Тап ошо арҡала Бәрәкәтле ярым ай <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Европа">Европа</a> йәки Төньяҡ Америкаға ҡарағанда киң биотөрлөлөктө һаҡлап ҡалыу мөмкинлеген ала. Сөнки Европала һәм Төньяҡ Америкала боҙлок дәүерендә климаттың үҙгәреше, экосистемаларҙың дәүмәле кәмегәнлектән, бөтә нәмәнең ҡырылып бөтөүенә килтерә. Ә бына Бәрәкәтле ярым ай урынлашҡан Урта диңгеҙ буйына боҙлоҡ дәүере әллә ни зыян килтермәй. Мысыр аша Сахара халҡының миграцияһына бәйле булған был <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Урта Көнсығыш">Урта Кәнсығыш</a> «күпере» Иҫке Донъянан флора һәм фаунаны интенсив рәүештә таратыу өсөн мөһим әһәмиткә эйә була. </p><p>Африка һәм ғәрәп тектоник плитәләренең айырылыуы һәм ғәрәп һәм евразия тектоник плитәләре осрашыуы ла был өлкәгә ҙур ауырлыҡ һала. Әммә тап ошо факт был төбәкте яланғас яҫы таулыҡ, ҡар менән ҡапланған бейек тауҙар, бәрәкәтле, уңдырышлы йылға үҙәндәре булған зонаға әүерелдерә, был хәл дә биотөрлөлөктө арттырыуға һәм бик боронғо замандарҙа башҡа урындарҙа булмаған төрҙөрҙе үҫтереүгә булышлыҡ итә. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Климаты_һәм_үҫемлектәр_донъяһы"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.BB.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.8B_.D2.BB.D3.99.D0.BC_.D2.AF.D2.AB.D0.B5.D0.BC.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BA.D1.82.D3.99.D1.80_.D0.B4.D0.BE.D0.BD.D1.8A.D1.8F.D2.BB.D1.8B"></span>Климаты һәм үҫемлектәр донъяһы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B9&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Климаты һәм үҫемлектәр донъяһы бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B9&action=edit&section=2" title="Климаты һәм үҫемлектәр донъяһы бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Бәрәкәтле ярым айҙа климаттың төрлөлөгө, шулай уҡ төп климатик үҙгәрештәр «K»-тибындағы күп йыллыҡ үҫемлектәргә ҡарағанда туҡлыҡлы орлоҡтар биреүсе «r»-тибындағы бер йыллыҡ үҫемлектәрҙе <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эволюция">эволюцияһын</a> көсәйтә. Тау яҫылыҡтарының төрлөлөгө ашарға яраҡлы төрлө үҫемлектәрҙе барлыҡҡа килтерә, бында йәшәүселәр уларҙы тиҙ арала үҙ баҡсаларында, эшкәртелгән ерҙәрендә үҫтерә башлай. Бәрәкәтле ярым айҙа игенселек барлыҡҡа килгән осорҙа төп һигеҙ неолитик культураның (йәғни ике бөртөклө бойҙай, бер бөртөклө бойҙай, арпа, <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Етен">етен</a>, нут, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D2%A1" title="Борсаҡ">борсаҡ</a>, яҫмыҡ һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D3%99_(%D2%AF%D2%AB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA)" title="Кәрешкә (үҫемлек)">әсе кәрешкә</a>ләрҙең ҡырағай төрҙәренең) үҫеүе һәм кәзә, һарыҡ һәм сусҡаларҙың ҡырағай төрҙәренең булыуы, өҫтәүенә дала күсмәндәренең <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B" title="Иран таулығы">Иран таулығы аша</a> һыйыр менән йылҡы малдарын килтереүҙәре мөһим фактор булып тора<sup id="cite_ref-Даймонд—2010——_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Даймонд—2010——-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Был өлкә бөтә донъяға билдәле булған археологик ҡаҙылмалар арҡаһында ауыл хужалығы барлыҡҡа килгән урын тип иҫәпләнелә<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Иордандан көнбайышҡа табан һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Евфрат">Евфраттың</a> үрге ағымындағы территорияларҙа тәүге неолитик игенселәр торағы (керамикаға тиклемге неолит (PPN)), беҙҙең эраға тиклем 9000 йыл менән билдәләнелә, Иерихон кеүек боронғо торлаҡты ла индерелә. Был төбәк <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Месопотамия">Месопотамия</a> менән бергә (ул Бәрәкәтле ярым айҙан көнсығышҡа табан, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80" title="Тигр">Тигр</a> һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Евфрат">Евфрат йылғалары араһында ята)</a>), шулай уҡ <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Бронза быуаты">бронза быуаты</a> барышында кешеләрҙең ойошоп йәшәй башлаған осороноң шаһиты. Тәүге яҙма документтар, тәүге дәүләттәр ҙә тап ошо төбәктә барлыҡҡа килгән. Шуға күрә лә Бәрәкәтле ярым айҙы «цивилизация бишеге» тип атайҙар.. </p> <pre>Тигр һәм Евфрат йылғалары хәҙерге Төркиәгә ҡараған <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80_%D2%BB%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Тавр һырты">Тавр тауҙарында</a> башлана. Ежегодно земледельцам юга Месопотамияның көньяғында йәшәгән ингенселәргә йылдың-йылында баҫыуҙарын һыу баҫыуҙан һаҡларға тура килә, был афәттән ҡотолоу өсөн улар дамбалар ҡора башлай<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, ә бына төньяҡ Месопатомияла ауыл хужалығы ямғыр һыуҙары ярҙамында ғына үҫешә. </pre> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Бронза быуаты">Бронза быуатында</a> уҡ төбәктең уңдырышлылығы <a href="/wiki/%D2%BA%D1%83%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%83" title="Һуғарыу">һуғарыуҙы ҡулланыу</a> иҫәбенә әҫтәлмә рәүештә күтәрелә, әлеге заманда ла ауыл хужалығының уңышы күбеһенсә һуғарыу эштәренә бәйле. Әммә һуғарыу үҙе үк ҙур ғына проблема ла тыуҙыра — әллә нисә мең йыллыҡтар буйына һуғарылған ерҙәрҙә тоҙ һәм башҡа минералдар концентрацияһы күбәйгәндән күбәйә. </p><p>(Хәҙерге заманда эсәр һыу был төбәктә төп низағ сәбәбе булып тора. Иордан йылғаһы Израиль һәм Иордания сигенән үтә, ә Еврат йылғаһының дүрттән бер өлөшөнә Төркиә менән Сүриә контроллек итә). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Шулай_уҡ_ҡара"><span id=".D0.A8.D1.83.D0.BB.D0.B0.D0.B9_.D1.83.D2.A1_.D2.A1.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B0"></span>Шулай уҡ ҡара</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B9&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Шулай уҡ ҡара бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B9&action=edit&section=3" title="Шулай уҡ ҡара бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Машрик</li> <li>Левант</li> <li>Великая Сирия</li> <li>Древняя Месопотамия</li> <li>Неолитическая революция</li> <li>История сельского хозяйства</li> <li>Центры происхождения культурных растений</li> <li>Шиитский полумесяц</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Иҫкәрмәләр"><span id=".D0.98.D2.AB.D0.BA.D3.99.D1.80.D0.BC.D3.99.D0.BB.D3.99.D1.80"></span>Иҫкәрмәләр</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B9&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Иҫкәрмәләр бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B9&action=edit&section=4" title="Иҫкәрмәләр бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style="column-count:2;-moz-column-count:2;-webkit-column-count:2;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREF2008"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://education.yahoo.com/reference/encyclopedia/entry/FertileC">"Fertile Crescent"</a>, 2008<span class="printonly">, <<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://education.yahoo.com/reference/encyclopedia/entry/FertileC">http://education.yahoo.com/reference/encyclopedia/entry/FertileC</a>></span>. <small>Проверено 23 сентябрь 2008.</small></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fertile+Crescent&rft.title=&rft.date=2008&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feducation.yahoo.com%2Freference%2Fencyclopedia%2Fentry%2FFertileC"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2007 йыл 15 май <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070515111150/http://education.yahoo.com/reference/encyclopedia/entry/FertileC">архивланған</a>.</span></small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-0">2,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-1">2,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rusplt.ru/world/ee-velichestvo-zasuha-11961.html">Ученые из США провели параллель между климатом и переселением человечества.</a> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2018 йыл 21 май <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180521125744/http://rusplt.ru/world/ee-velichestvo-zasuha-11961.html">архивланған</a>.</span></small> Русская планета <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="ba" dir="ltr">Өҙөмтә хатаһы: <code><ref></code> тег дөрөҫ түгел: «autogenerated1» исеме бер нисә тапҡыр төрлө йөкмәткегә бирелгән</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREF2008"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://education.yahoo.com/reference/encyclopedia/entry/FertileC">"Fertile Crescent"</a>, 2008<span class="printonly">, <<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://education.yahoo.com/reference/encyclopedia/entry/FertileC">http://education.yahoo.com/reference/encyclopedia/entry/FertileC</a>></span>. <small>Проверено 23 сентябрь 2008.</small></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fertile+Crescent&rft.title=&rft.date=2008&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feducation.yahoo.com%2Freference%2Fencyclopedia%2Fentry%2FFertileC"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2007 йыл 15 май <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070515111150/http://education.yahoo.com/reference/encyclopedia/entry/FertileC">архивланған</a>.</span></small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Даймонд—2010——-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Даймонд—2010——_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFДаймонд2010">Даймонд, 2010</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archaeology.huji.ac.il/GBY/english.htm">Долина Гешер Бенот Яаков в Израиле (Gesher Benot Ya’aqov)</a> — знаменитая стоянка времен раннего палеолита</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Beck, Roger B.</i> World History: Patterns of Interaction. — Evanston, IL : McDougal Littell, 1999.</span></span> </li> </ol> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">«<a dir="ltr" href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Бәрәкәтле_ярым_ай&oldid=1066347">https://ba.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Бәрәкәтле_ярым_ай&oldid=1066347</a>» битенән алынған</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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