CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: Mian Jiang</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Mian Jiang"> <meta name="keywords" content="Mian Jiang"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Mian Jiang" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Mian Jiang"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 226</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Mian Jiang</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">226</span> A Green Analytical Curriculum for Renewable STEM Education</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mian%20Jiang">Mian Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhenyi%20Wu"> Zhenyi Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We have incorporated green components into existing analytical chemistry curriculum with the aims to present a more environment benign approach in both teaching laboratory and undergraduate research. These include the use of cheap, sustainable, and market-available material; minimized waste disposal, replacement of non-aqueous media; and scale-down in sample/reagent consumption. Model incorporations have covered topics in quantitative chemistry as well as instrumental analysis, lower division as well as upper level, and research in traditional titration, spectroscopy, electrochemical analysis, and chromatography. The green embedding has made chemistry more daily life relevance, and application focus. Our approach has the potential to expand into all STEM fields to make renewable, high-impact education experience for undergraduate students. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20analytical%20chemistry" title="green analytical chemistry">green analytical chemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pencil%20lead" title=" pencil lead"> pencil lead</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercury" title=" mercury"> mercury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable" title=" renewable"> renewable</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48969/a-green-analytical-curriculum-for-renewable-stem-education" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48969.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">339</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">225</span> The Study on the Overall Protection of the Ancient Villages</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhang%20Yu">Zhang Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ding%20Yi"> Ding Yi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The discussion about elements of cultural heritage and their relevance among the ancient villages is comparably insufficient. The protection work is strongly influenced by touristic development and cultural gimmick, resulting in low protection efficiency and many omissions. Historical villages as the cultural settlement patterns bear a large number of heritage relics. They were regionally scattered with a clear characteristic of gathering. First of all, this study proposes the association and similarities of the forming mechanism between four historic cultural villages in Mian Mountain. Secondly, the study reveals that these villages own the strategic pass, underground passage, and the mountain barrier. Thirdly, based on the differentiated characteristics of villages’ space, the study discusses about the integrated conservation from three levels: the regional heritage conservation, the cultural line shaping, and the featured brand building. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conservation" title="conservation">conservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fortress" title=" fortress"> fortress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=historical%20villages" title=" historical villages"> historical villages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mian%20Moutain" title=" Mian Moutain"> Mian Moutain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87826/the-study-on-the-overall-protection-of-the-ancient-villages" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87826.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">224</span> Influencing Factors of Residents’ Intention to Participate in the Governance of Old Community Renewal: A Case Study of Nanjing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tiantian%20Gu">Tiantian Gu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dezhi%20Li"> Dezhi Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mian%20Zhang"> Mian Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying%20Jiang"> Ying Jiang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Considering the characteristics of residents’ participation in the governance of old community renewal (OCR), a theoretical model of the determinant of residents’ intention to participate in the governance of OCR has been built based on the theory of planned behavior. Seven old communities in Nanjing have been chosen as cases to conduct empirical analysis. The result indicates that participation attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control have significant positive effects on residents’ intention to participate in the governance of the OCR. Recognition of the community, cognition of the OCR and perceived behavioral control have indirect positive effects on residents’ intention to participate in the OCR. In addition, the education level and the length of residence have positive effects on their participation intention, while the gender, age, and monthly income have little effect on it. The research result provides suggestions for the improvement of residents’ participation in the OCR. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=old%20community%20renewal" title="old community renewal">old community renewal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residents%E2%80%99%20participation%20in%20governance" title=" residents’ participation in governance"> residents’ participation in governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intention" title=" intention"> intention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theory%20of%20planned%20behavior" title=" theory of planned behavior"> theory of planned behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115128/influencing-factors-of-residents-intention-to-participate-in-the-governance-of-old-community-renewal-a-case-study-of-nanjing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115128.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">186</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">223</span> Chromosomes Are Present in a Fixed Region on the Equatorial Plate Within the Interphase of Cell Division</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chunxiao%20Wu">Chunxiao Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dongyun%20Jiang"> Dongyun Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tao%20Jiang"> Tao Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luxia%20Xu"> Luxia Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qian%20Xu"> Qian Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meng%20Zhao"> Meng Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qin%20Zhu"> Qin Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhigang%20Guo"> Zhigang Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinlan%20Pan"> Jinlan Pan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suning%20Chen"> Suning Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The stability and evolution of human genetics depends on chromosomes (and chromosome-chromosome interactions). We wish to understand the spatial location of chromosomes in dividing cells in order to understand the relationship between chromosome-chromosome interactions and to further investigate the role of chromosomes and their impact on cell biological behavior. In this study, we explored the relative spatial positional relationships of chromosomes [t (9;22) and t (15;17)] in B-ALL cells by using the three-dimensions DNA in situ fluorescent hybridization (3D-FISH) method. The results showed that chromosomes [t (9;22) and t (15;17)] showed relatively stable spatial relationships. The relative stability of the spatial location of chromosomes in dividing cells may be relevant to disease. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromosome" title="chromosome">chromosome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20genetics" title=" human genetics"> human genetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromosome%20territory" title=" chromosome territory"> chromosome territory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D-FISH" title=" 3D-FISH"> 3D-FISH</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188219/chromosomes-are-present-in-a-fixed-region-on-the-equatorial-plate-within-the-interphase-of-cell-division" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188219.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">46</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">222</span> BER Estimate of WCDMA Systems with MATLAB Simulation Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suyeb%20Ahmed%20Khan">Suyeb Ahmed Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmood%20Mian"> Mahmood Mian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Simulation plays an important role during all phases of the design and engineering of communications systems, from early stages of conceptual design through the various stages of implementation, testing, and fielding of the system. In the present paper, a simulation model has been constructed for the WCDMA system in order to evaluate the performance. This model describes multiusers effects and calculation of BER (Bit Error Rate) in 3G mobile systems using Simulink MATLAB 7.1. Gaussian Approximation defines the multi-user effect on system performance. BER has been analyzed with comparison between transmitting data and receiving data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WCDMA" title="WCDMA">WCDMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulations" title=" simulations"> simulations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BER" title=" BER"> BER</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MATLAB" title=" MATLAB"> MATLAB</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24549/ber-estimate-of-wcdma-systems-with-matlab-simulation-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24549.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">592</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">221</span> HLA-G, a Neglected Immunosuppressive Checkpoint for Breast Cancer Immunotherapy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xian-Peng%20Jiang">Xian-Peng Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Catherine%20C.%20Baucom"> Catherine C. Baucom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toby%20Jiang"> Toby Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20L.%20Elliott"> Robert L. Elliott</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> HLA-G binds to the inhibitory receptors of uterine NK cells and plays an important role in protection of fetal cells from maternal NK lysis. HLA-G also mediates tumor escape, but the immunosuppressive role is often neglected. These studies have focused on the examination of HLA-G expression in human breast carcinoma and HLA-G immunosuppressive role in NK cytolysis. We examined HLA-G expression in breast cell lines by real time PCR, ELISA and immunofluorescent staining. We treated the breast cancer cell lines with anti-human HLA-G antibody or progesterone. Then, NK cytolysis was measured by using MTT assay. We find that breast carcinoma cell lines increase the expression of HLA-G mRNA and protein, compared to normal cells. Blocking HLA-G of the breast cancer cells by the antibody increases NK cytolysis. Progesterone upregulates HLA-G mRNA and protein of human breast cancer cell lines. The increased HLA-G expression suppresses NK cytolysis. In summary, human breast carcinoma overexpress HLA-G immunosuppressive molecules. Blocking HLA-G protein by antibody improves NK cytolysis. In contrast, upregulation of HLA-G expression by progesterone impairs NK cytolytic function. Thus, HLA-G is a new immunosuppressive checkpoint and potential cancer immunotherapeutic target. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HLA-G" title="HLA-G">HLA-G</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Breast%20carcinoma" title=" Breast carcinoma"> Breast carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NK%20cells" title=" NK cells"> NK cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Immunosuppressive%20checkpoint" title=" Immunosuppressive checkpoint"> Immunosuppressive checkpoint</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161283/hla-g-a-neglected-immunosuppressive-checkpoint-for-breast-cancer-immunotherapy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161283.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">220</span> Effect of Leadership Style on Organizational Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khadija%20Mushtaq">Khadija Mushtaq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mian%20Saqib%20Mehmood"> Mian Saqib Mehmood</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper attempts to determine the impact of leadership style and learning orientation on organizational performance in Pakistan. A sample of 158 middle managers selected from sports and surgical factories from Sialkot. The empirical estimation is based on a multiple linear regression analysis of the relationship between leadership style, learning orientation and organizational performance. Leadership style is measure through transformational leadership and transactional leadership. The transformational leadership has insignificant impact on organizational performance. The transactional leadership has positive and significant relation with organizational performance. Learning orientation also has positive and significant relation with organizational performance. Linear regression used to estimate the relation between dependent and independent variables. This study suggests top manger should prefer continuous process for improvement for any change in system rather radical change. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transformational%20leadership" title="transformational leadership">transformational leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transactional%20leadership" title=" transactional leadership"> transactional leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20orientation" title=" learning orientation"> learning orientation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20performance" title=" organizational performance"> organizational performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33257/effect-of-leadership-style-on-organizational-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33257.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">404</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">219</span> Efficiency and Factors Affecting Inefficiency in the Previous Enclaves of Northern Region of Bangladesh: An Analysis of SFA and DEA Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Mazharul%20Anwar">Md. Mazharul Anwar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Samim%20Hossain%20Molla"> Md. Samim Hossain Molla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Akkas%20Ali"> Md. Akkas Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mian%20Sayeed%20Hassan"> Mian Sayeed Hassan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> After 68 years, the agreement between Bangladesh and India was ratified on 6 June 2015 and Bangladesh received 111 Indian enclaves. Millions of farm household lived in these previous enclaves, being detached from the mainland of the country, they were socially, economically and educationally deprived people in the world. This study was undertaken to compare of the Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) and the constant returns to scale (CRS) and variable returns to scale (VRS) output-oriented DEA models, based on a sample of 300 farms from the three largest enclaves of Bangladesh in 2017. However, the aim of the study was not only to compare estimates of technical efficiency obtained from the two approaches, but also to examine the determinants of inefficiency. The results from both the approaches indicated that there is a potential for increasing farm production through efficiency improvement and that farmers' age, educational level, new technology dissemination and training on crop production technology have a significant effect on efficiency. The detection and measurement of technical inefficiency and its determinants can be used as a basis of policy recommendations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DEA%20approach" title="DEA approach">DEA approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=previous%20enclaves" title=" previous enclaves"> previous enclaves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SFA%20approach" title=" SFA approach"> SFA approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technical%20inefficiency" title=" technical inefficiency"> technical inefficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120210/efficiency-and-factors-affecting-inefficiency-in-the-previous-enclaves-of-northern-region-of-bangladesh-an-analysis-of-sfa-and-dea-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120210.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">218</span> Synthesis, Characterization, Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Studies of Modern Synthetic Tetra Phenyl Porphyrin Derivatives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mian%20Gul%20Sayed">Mian Gul Sayed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahim%20Shah"> Rahim Shah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fazal%20Mabood"> Fazal Mabood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Najeeb%20Ur%20Rahman"> Najeeb Ur Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maher%20Noor"> Maher Noor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Embarking on the frontier of molecular advancement, this study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of a distinct class of porphyrin derivatives—specifically, the 5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakis (3-bromopropoxyphenyl) porphyrins. Through meticulous synthetic methodologies, these derivatives are crafted, strategically incorporating bromopropoxyphenyl moieties at distinct positions within the porphyrin framework. This research aims to unravel the structural intricacies and explore the potential applications of these compounds through a detailed characterization utilizing advanced analytical techniques. 5, 10, 15, 20, tetrakis (4-hydroxyphenyl) porphyrin was synthesized by treating pyrrole and p- hydroxylbenzaldehyde. 5, 10, 15, 20, tetrakis-(4-hydroxyphenyl) was converted into 5, 10, 15, 20, tetrakis (4-bromoalkoxyphenyl) porphyrin. 5,10,15, 20-Tetrakis -(4-bromoalkoxyphenyl) porphyrin was treated with Isopropyl phenol, para-Aminophenol, hydroquinone, 2-Naphthol, 1-Naphthol and Hydroquinone and different derivatives of ether-linked were obtained. The synthesized compounds were analyzed using contemporary spectroscopic techniques like UV-Vis, NMR and Mass spectrometry. The synthesized compounds were also tested for their biological activities like antioxidants and anti-inflammatory. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tetraphenyl%20porphyrin" title="tetraphenyl porphyrin">tetraphenyl porphyrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NMR" title=" NMR"> NMR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant" title=" antioxidant"> antioxidant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-inflammatory" title=" anti-inflammatory"> anti-inflammatory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192685/synthesis-characterization-antioxidant-and-anti-inflammatory-studies-of-modern-synthetic-tetra-phenyl-porphyrin-derivatives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192685.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">15</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">217</span> Levels of Toxic Metals in Different Tissues of Lethrinus miniatus Fish from Arabian Gulf</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Waqar%20Ashraf">Muhammad Waqar Ashraf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atiq%20A.%20Mian"> Atiq A. Mian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present study, accumulation of eight heavy metals, lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr)was determined in kidney, heart, liver and muscle tissues of Lethrinus miniatus fish caught from Arabian Gulf. Metal concentrations in all the samples were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Analytical validation of data was carried out by applying the same digestion procedure to standard reference material (NIST-SRM 1577b bovine liver). Levels of lead (Pb) in the liver tissue (0.60µg/g) exceeded the limit set by European Commission (2005) at 0.30 µg/g. Zinc concentration in all tissue samples were below the maximum permissible limit (50 µg/g) as set by FAO. Maximum mean cadmium concentration was found 0.15 µg/g in the kidney tissues. Highest content of Mn in the studied tissues was seen in the kidney tissue (2.13 µg/g), whereas minimum was found in muscle tissue (0.87 µg/g). The present study led to the conclusion that muscle tissue is the least contaminated tissue in Lethrinus miniatus and consumption of organs should be avoided as much as possible. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lethrinus%20miniatus" title="lethrinus miniatus">lethrinus miniatus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arabian%20gulf" title=" arabian gulf"> arabian gulf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title=" heavy metals"> heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atomic%20absorption%20spectroscopy" title=" atomic absorption spectroscopy"> atomic absorption spectroscopy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30821/levels-of-toxic-metals-in-different-tissues-of-lethrinus-miniatus-fish-from-arabian-gulf" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30821.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">216</span> The Development Status of Terahertz Wave and Its Prospect in Wireless Communication</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yiquan%20Liao">Yiquan Liao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Quanhong%20Jiang"> Quanhong Jiang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since terahertz was observed by German scientists, we have obtained terahertz through different generation technologies of broadband and narrowband. Then, with the development of semiconductor and other technologies, the imaging technology of terahertz has become increasingly perfect. From the earliest application of nondestructive testing in aviation to the present application of information transmission and human safety detection, the role of terahertz will shine in various fields. The weapons produced by terahertz were epoch-making, which is a crushing deterrent against technologically backward countries. At the same time, terahertz technology in the fields of imaging, medical and livelihood, communication and communication are for the well-being of the country and the people. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terahertz" title="terahertz">terahertz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imaging" title=" imaging"> imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication" title=" communication"> communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20treatment" title=" medical treatment"> medical treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166653/the-development-status-of-terahertz-wave-and-its-prospect-in-wireless-communication" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166653.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">99</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">215</span> Frequent-Flyer Program: The Connection between Commercial Partners and Spin-off</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Changmin%20Jiang">Changmin Jiang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we build a theoretical model to investigate the relationship between two recent trends in airline frequent-flyer programs (FFPs): the adoption of the “coalition” business model with other commercial partners, and the separation from airlines’ operations. We show that commercial partners benefit from teaming up with FFP, while increasing the number of commercial partners will increase the total profit; it reduces the average profit of the parties involved. Furthermore, we show that the number of commercial partners of an FFP is negatively related with the benefit to keep the FFP in-house. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequent%20flyer%20program" title="frequent flyer program">frequent flyer program</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coalition" title=" coalition"> coalition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial%20partners" title=" commercial partners"> commercial partners</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spin-off" title=" spin-off"> spin-off</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58504/frequent-flyer-program-the-connection-between-commercial-partners-and-spin-off" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58504.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">214</span> Optimization of Ultrasound Assisted Extraction and Characterization of Functional Properties of Dietary Fiber from Oat Cultivar S2000</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Suhail%20Ibrahim">Muhammad Suhail Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Nadeem"> Muhammad Nadeem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waseem%20Khalid"> Waseem Khalid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ammara%20Ainee"> Ammara Ainee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taleeha%20Roheen"> Taleeha Roheen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadaf%20Javaria"> Sadaf Javaria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aftab%20Ahmed"> Aftab Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hira%20Fatima"> Hira Fatima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mian%20Nadeem%20Riaz"> Mian Nadeem Riaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Zubair%20Khalid"> Muhammad Zubair Khalid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isam%20A.%20Mohamed%20Ahmed%20J"> Isam A. Mohamed Ahmed J</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moneera%20O.%20Aljobair"> Moneera O. Aljobair</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was executed to explore the efficacy of ultrasound-assisted extraction of dietary fiber from oat cultivar S2000. Extraction (variables time, temperature and amplitude) was optimized by using response surface methodology (RSM) conducted by Box Behnken Design (BBD). The effect of time, temperature and amplitude were studied at three levels. It was observed that time and temperature exerted more impact on extraction efficiency as compared to amplitude. The highest yield of total dietary fiber (TDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and In-soluble dietary fiber (IDF) fractions were observed under ultrasound processing for 20 min at 40 ◦C with 80% amplitude. Characterization of extracted dietary fiber showed that it had better crystallinity, thermal properties and good fibrous structure. It also showed better functional properties as compared to traditionally extracted dietary fiber. Furthermore, dietary fibers from oats may offer high-value utilization and the expansion of comprehensive utilization in functional food and nutraceutical development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extraction" title="extraction">extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasonication" title=" ultrasonication"> ultrasonication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20surface%20methodology" title=" response surface methodology"> response surface methodology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=box%20behnken%20design" title=" box behnken design"> box behnken design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187067/optimization-of-ultrasound-assisted-extraction-and-characterization-of-functional-properties-of-dietary-fiber-from-oat-cultivar-s2000" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187067.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">50</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">213</span> Mechanistic Insights Into The Change Behavior; Its Relationship With Water Velocity, Nanoparticles, Gut Bacterial Composition, And Its Functional Metabolites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mian%20Adnan%20Kakakhel">Mian Adnan Kakakhel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NIshita%20Narwal"> NIshita Narwal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Rasta"> Majid Rasta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shi%20Xiaotao"> Shi Xiaotao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The widespread use of nanoparticles means that they are significantly increasing in the aquatic ecosystem, where they are likely to pose threat to aquatic organism. In particular, the influence of nanoparticles exposure combined with varying water velocities on fish behavior remain poorly understood. Emerging evidences suggested a probable correlation between fish swimming behavior and gut bacterial dysbiosis. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the effects of nanomaterials in different water velocities on fish gut bacterial composition, which in results change in fish swimming behavior. The obtained findings showed that the contamination of nanoparticles was reduced as the velocity increased. However, the synergetic effects of nanoparticles and water velocity significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the bacterial composition, which plays a critical role in fish development, metabolism, digestion, enzymes production, and energy production such as Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. This group of bacterial also support fish in swimming behavior by providing them a significant energy during movement. The obtained findings of this study suggested that the presence of nanoparticles in different water velocities have had a significant correlation with fish gut bacterial dysbiosis, as results the gut dysbiosis had been linked to the change in fish behavior. The study provides an important insight into the mechanisms by which the nanoparticles possibly affect the fish behavior. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20velocities" title="water velocities">water velocities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fish%20behavior" title=" fish behavior"> fish behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gut%20bacteria" title=" gut bacteria"> gut bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20metabolites" title=" secondary metabolites"> secondary metabolites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regulation" title=" regulation"> regulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176617/mechanistic-insights-into-the-change-behavior-its-relationship-with-water-velocity-nanoparticles-gut-bacterial-composition-and-its-functional-metabolites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176617.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">212</span> How Is a Machine-Translated Literary Text Organized in Coherence? An Analysis Based upon Theme-Rheme Structure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiang%20Niu">Jiang Niu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yue%20Jiang"> Yue Jiang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the ultimate goal to automatically generate translated texts with high quality, machine translation has made tremendous improvements. However, its translations of literary works are still plagued with problems in coherence, esp. the translation between distant language pairs. One of the causes of the problems is probably the lack of linguistic knowledge to be incorporated into the training of machine translation systems. In order to enable readers to better understand the problems of machine translation in coherence, to seek out the potential knowledge to be incorporated, and thus to improve the quality of machine translation products, this study applies Theme-Rheme structure to examine how a machine-translated literary text is organized and developed in terms of coherence. Theme-Rheme structure in Systemic Functional Linguistics is a useful tool for analysis of textual coherence. Theme is the departure point of a clause and Rheme is the rest of the clause. In a text, as Themes and Rhemes may be connected with each other in meaning, they form thematic and rhematic progressions throughout the text. Based on this structure, we can look into how a text is organized and developed in terms of coherence. Methodologically, we chose Chinese and English as the language pair to be studied. Specifically, we built a comparable corpus with two modes of English translations, viz. machine translation (MT) and human translation (HT) of one Chinese literary source text. The translated texts were annotated with Themes, Rhemes and their progressions throughout the texts. The annotated texts were analyzed from two respects, the different types of Themes functioning differently in achieving coherence, and the different types of thematic and rhematic progressions functioning differently in constructing texts. By analyzing and contrasting the two modes of translations, it is found that compared with the HT, 1) the MT features “pseudo-coherence”, with lots of ill-connected fragments of information using “and”; 2) the MT system produces a static and less interconnected text that reads like a list; these two points, in turn, lead to the less coherent organization and development of the MT than that of the HT; 3) novel to traditional and previous studies, Rhemes do contribute to textual connection and coherence though less than Themes do and thus are worthy of notice in further studies. Hence, the findings suggest that Theme-Rheme structure be applied to measuring and assessing the coherence of machine translation, to being incorporated into the training of the machine translation system, and Rheme be taken into account when studying the textual coherence of both MT and HT. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coherence" title="coherence">coherence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corpus-based" title=" corpus-based"> corpus-based</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=literary%20translation" title=" literary translation"> literary translation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20translation" title=" machine translation"> machine translation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Theme-Rheme%20structure" title=" Theme-Rheme structure"> Theme-Rheme structure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124875/how-is-a-machine-translated-literary-text-organized-in-coherence-an-analysis-based-upon-theme-rheme-structure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124875.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">207</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">211</span> Performance of Nine Different Types of PV Modules in the Tropical Region</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiang%20Fan">Jiang Fan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With growth of PV market in tropical region, it is necessary to investigate the performance of different types of PV technology under the tropical weather conditions. Singapore Polytechnic was funded by Economic Development Board (EDB) to set up a solar PV test-bed for the research on performance of different types of PV modules in the country. The PV test-bed installed the nine different types of PV systems that are integrated to power utility grid for monitoring and analyzing their operating performances. This paper presents the 12 months operational data of nine different PV systems and analyses on performances of installed PV systems using energy yield and performance ratio. The nine types of PV systems under test have shown their energy yields ranging from 2.67 to 3.36 kWh/kWp and their performance ratios (PRs) ranging from 70% to 88%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monocrystalline" title="monocrystalline">monocrystalline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multicrystalline" title=" multicrystalline"> multicrystalline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amorphous%20silicon" title=" amorphous silicon"> amorphous silicon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cadmium%20telluride" title=" cadmium telluride"> cadmium telluride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20film%20PV" title=" thin film PV"> thin film PV</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9356/performance-of-nine-different-types-of-pv-modules-in-the-tropical-region" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9356.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">506</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">210</span> Investigation of Enhanced Geothermal System with CO2 as Working Fluid</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruina%20Xu">Ruina Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peixue%20Jiang"> Peixue Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feng%20Luo"> Feng Luo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The novel concept of enhanced geothermal system with CO2 instead of water as working fluid (CO2-EGS) has attracted wide attention due to additional benefit of CO2 geological storage during the power generation process. In this research, numerical investigation on a doublet CO2-EGS system is performed, focusing on the influence of the injection/production well perforation location in the targeted geothermal reservoir. Three different reservoir inlet and outlet boundary conditions are used in simulations since the well constrains are different in reality. The results show that CO2-EGS system performance of power generation and power cost vary greatly among cases of different wells perforation locations, and the optimum options under different boundary conditions are also different. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Enhanced%20Geothermal%20System" title="Enhanced Geothermal System">Enhanced Geothermal System</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supercritical%20CO2" title=" supercritical CO2"> supercritical CO2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO2-EGS" title=" CO2-EGS"> CO2-EGS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2713/investigation-of-enhanced-geothermal-system-with-co2-as-working-fluid" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2713.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">209</span> A Survey of Crowdsourcing Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qianjia%20Cheng">Qianjia Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongquan%20Jiang"> Hongquan Jiang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Crowdsourcing solves the problems that computers can't handle by integrating computers and the Internet. Its extensive knowledge sources, high efficiency and high quality, make crowdsourcing attract wide attention in industry and academia in recent years. The development of online crowdsourcing platforms such as Clickworker and Amazon Mechanical Turk(Mturk) tend to mature gradually. This paper sorts out the concept of crowdsourcing, sorts out the workflow of competitive crowdsourcing, summarizes the related technologies of crowdsourcing based on the workflow, quality control, cost control and delay control, introduces the typical crowdsourcing platform. Finally, we highlight some open problems of the current crowdsourcing and present some future research direction in this area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=application" title="application">application</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crowdsourcing" title=" crowdsourcing"> crowdsourcing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crowdsourcing%20platform" title=" crowdsourcing platform"> crowdsourcing platform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system%20architecture" title=" system architecture"> system architecture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166744/a-survey-of-crowdsourcing-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166744.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">208</span> The Strategies to Improve the Pedestrian System in the Context of Old Aging</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuxiao%20Jiang">Yuxiao Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong%20Ma"> Dong Ma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mengyu%20Zhan"> Mengyu Zhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yingxia%20Yun"> Yingxia Yun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> China now is entering the phase of old aging and the aging speed is on acceleration. The proportion of the aged citizens in the urban areas is getting larger. Traveling on foot is one of the main travel methods for the old, but the bad walking environment and unsystematic pedestrian system cause inconvenience to the old who travel on foot. The paper analyzes the behavioral characteristics and the spatial preferences of the elderly group as well as the new traffic demands of them, finding out that some problems exist in the current pedestrian system. Thus, the paper proposes strategies in the areas of planning and design, and engineering technology so as to promote the traffic environment and perfect the pedestrian system for the old people. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=old%20aging" title="old aging">old aging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedestrian%20system" title=" pedestrian system"> pedestrian system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perfection%20strategies" title=" perfection strategies"> perfection strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=travel%20characteristics" title=" travel characteristics"> travel characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=future%20demand" title=" future demand"> future demand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60460/the-strategies-to-improve-the-pedestrian-system-in-the-context-of-old-aging" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60460.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">394</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">207</span> S. S. L. Andrade, E. A. Souza, L. C. L. Santos, C. Moraes, A. K. C. L. Lobato</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fazal%20Said">Fazal Said</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mian%20Inayatullah"> Mian Inayatullah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Various insect visitors in common and honeybees in particular are considered to be accountable for 80-85% of pollination services for numerous crops worldwide. Pollinators not only increase crop yield but also improve quality of produce as well. The present investigation is therefore, an endeavor to assess the visitation pattern of honeybees, Apis florea (Hymenopterae: Apidae) in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). The current research trial was carried out at New Developmental Farm (NDF), The University of Agriculture Peshawar, (34.01° N, 71.53° E) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan during 2012 and 2013. Different observations on the foraging behavior of A. florea’s individuals were made from 0800 hr in the morning and continued until 1800 hr in the evening. Hence, total duration of foraging activity of A. florea individuals was comprised of 10 hours. It was found that two peaks of visitation/foraging occurred between 1400 to 1600 hr of the day. First peak of foraging was recorded at 1600hr, where 15 individuals of honeybees/3 m2 were counted to be engaged in foraging sunflower blooms. Second peak visitation was recorded with a total of 12 bees/3 m2 at 1400 hrs of the day. Visitations of A. florea were observed to its minimum intensity of only 07 individuals during late hours of the day as evening approached after 1800 hrs. Similarly, due to more number of pollens and nectars on flowers, high frequency of A. florea were found engaged in foraging during 20th and 25th day after initiation of blooms on sunflower. Minimum numbers of honeybees were recorded during initial and very last days of flowering due to less number of plants with blooms and less availability of pollen and nectar on flowers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apis%20florea" title="apis florea">apis florea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=days%20after%20flowering" title=" days after flowering"> days after flowering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=daily%20hours" title=" daily hours"> daily hours</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sunflower" title=" sunflower"> sunflower</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visitation%20pattern" title=" visitation pattern "> visitation pattern </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40011/s-s-l-andrade-e-a-souza-l-c-l-santos-c-moraes-a-k-c-l-lobato" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40011.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">635</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">206</span> A Survey of Crowdsourcing Technology and Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qianjia%20Cheng">Qianjia Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongquan%20Jiang"> Hongquan Jiang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Crowdsourcing solves the problems that computers can't handle by integrating computers and the Internet. Its extensive knowledge sources, high efficiency, and high quality have made crowdsourcing attract wide attention in industry and academia in recent years. The development of online crowdsourcing platforms such as Clickworker, Amazon Mechanical Turk(Mturk) tends to mature gradually. This paper sorts out the concept of crowdsourcing, sorts out the workflow of competitive crowdsourcing, summarizes the related technologies of crowdsourcing based on workflow, quality control, cost control, and delay control, and introduces the typical crowdsourcing platform. Finally, we highlight some open problems of the current crowdsourcing and present some future research directions in this area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=application" title="application">application</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crowdsourcing" title=" crowdsourcing"> crowdsourcing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crowdsourcing%20platform" title=" crowdsourcing platform"> crowdsourcing platform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system%20architecture" title=" system architecture"> system architecture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166661/a-survey-of-crowdsourcing-technology-and-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166661.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">205</span> Synthesis and Properties of Sulfonate Gemini Surfactants with Amide Groups</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rui%20Wang">Rui Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shanfa%20Tang"> Shanfa Tang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuanwu%20Dong"> Yuanwu Dong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siyao%20Wang"> Siyao Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhaowen%20Jiang"> Zhaowen Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Di%20Han"> Di Han</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A sulfonate Gemini surfactant sodium N,N`-bis(tetradecanoyl) propanediamine dipropyl sulfonate (GNS-14) was synthesized from 1,3-propanediamine, tetradecanoyl chloride, and1,3-propanesulfonic lactone. GNS-14 was characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR. The surface activity, interfacial activity, and emulsification properties of GNS-14 solution were systematically studied. The critical micelle concentration (CCMC) of GNS-14 surfactant was 0.056 mmol/L, and the surface tension (γCMC) was 18.2 mN/m; at 50℃, 0.5% GNS-14 solution can reduce the oil-water interfacial tension to 6.5×10−2 mN/m. GNS-14 has excellent surface activity, interfacial activity, and emulsifying properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gemini%20surfactants" title="gemini surfactants">gemini surfactants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20tension" title=" surface tension"> surface tension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20interfacial%20tension" title=" low interfacial tension"> low interfacial tension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emulsifying%20properties" title=" emulsifying properties"> emulsifying properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150208/synthesis-and-properties-of-sulfonate-gemini-surfactants-with-amide-groups" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150208.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">204</span> Rethinking the Public Sphere: Group Polarization on Social Media</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tianji%20Jiang">Tianji Jiang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Habermas' definition of public sphere is a classical and well-regarded theory of the formation of public opinions, laying the foundation for many researches on public opinions and public media. In recent decades, public media have been changing rapidly as social media are gaining increasing importance. However, the occurrence of group polarization on social media, which is a hot issue today, is challenging Habermas' theory of the public sphere. This article reviews the public sphere theory and studies group polarization and social media. It proposes ideas on how to understand group polarization within the public sphere and comes up with some suggestions and ideas to reduce polarization on social media. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20sphere" title="public sphere">public sphere</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media" title=" social media"> social media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=group%20polarization" title=" group polarization"> group polarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=echo%20chamber" title=" echo chamber"> echo chamber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20opinion" title=" public opinion"> public opinion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158010/rethinking-the-public-sphere-group-polarization-on-social-media" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158010.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">203</span> Exchange Rate, Market Size and Human Capital Nexus Foreign Direct Investment: A Bound Testing Approach for Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naveed%20Iqbal%20Chaudhry">Naveed Iqbal Chaudhry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mian%20Saqib%20Mehmood"> Mian Saqib Mehmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asif%20Mehmood"> Asif Mehmood</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates the motivators of foreign direct investment (FDI) which will provide a panacea tool and ground breaking results related to it in case of Pakistan. The study considers exchange rate, market size and human capital as the motivators for attracting FDI. In this regard, time series data on annual basis has been collected for the period 1985–2010 and an Augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF) and Phillips–Perron (PP) unit root tests are utilized to determine the stationarity of the variables. A bound testing approach to co-integration was applied because the variables included in the model are at I(1) – first level stationary. The empirical findings of this study confirm the long run relationship among the variables. However, market size and human capital have strong positive and significant impact, in short and long-run, for attracting FDI but exchange rate shows negative impact in this regard. The significant negative coefficient of the ECM indicates that it converges towards equilibrium. CUSUM and CUSUMSQ tests plots are with in the lines of critical value, which indicates the stability of the estimated parameters. However, this model can be used by Pakistan in policy and decision making. For achieving higher economic growth and economies of scale, the country should concentrate on the ingredients of this study so that it could attract more FDI as compared to the other countries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ARDL" title="ARDL">ARDL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CUSUM%20and%20CUSUMSQ%20tests" title=" CUSUM and CUSUMSQ tests"> CUSUM and CUSUMSQ tests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ECM" title=" ECM"> ECM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exchange%20rate" title=" exchange rate"> exchange rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FDI" title=" FDI"> FDI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20capital" title=" human capital"> human capital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=market%20size" title=" market size"> market size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13430/exchange-rate-market-size-and-human-capital-nexus-foreign-direct-investment-a-bound-testing-approach-for-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13430.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">392</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">202</span> Surface Modification of SUS-304 Using Nitriding Treatment for Application of Bipolar Plates of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei-Ru%20Chang">Wei-Ru Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jenn-Jiang%20Hwang"> Jenn-Jiang Hwang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zen-Ting%20Hsiao"> Zen-Ting Hsiao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shu-Feng%20Lee"> Shu-Feng Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are widely used in electrical systems as an economical, low-polluting energy source. This study investigates the effects of PEMFC gas nitriding treatment on metal bipolar plates. The test material was SUS304 stainless steel. The study explored five different pretreatment processes, varying the corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity conditions. The most effective process was industrial acid washing, followed by heating to 500 °C. Under the condition, the corrosion current density was 8.695 μA, significantly lower than that of the untreated pretreatment sample flakes, which was measured as 38.351 μA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitriding" title="nitriding">nitriding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bipolar" title=" bipolar"> bipolar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=304" title=" 304"> 304</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion" title=" corrosion"> corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance" title=" resistance"> resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pretreatment" title=" pretreatment"> pretreatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31497/surface-modification-of-sus-304-using-nitriding-treatment-for-application-of-bipolar-plates-of-proton-exchange-membrane-fuel-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31497.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1087</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">201</span> The Future of Reduced Instruction Set Computing and Complex Instruction Set Computing and Suggestions for Reduced Instruction Set Computing-V Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Can%20Xiao">Can Xiao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ouanhong%20Jiang"> Ouanhong Jiang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Based on the two instruction sets of complex instruction set computing (CISC) and reduced instruction set computing (RISC), processors developed in their respective “expertise” fields. This paper will summarize research on the differences in performance and energy efficiency between CISC and RISC and strive to eliminate the influence of peripheral configuration factors. We will discuss whether processor performance is centered around instruction sets or implementation. In addition, the rapidly developing RISC-V poses a challenge to existing models. We will analyze research results, analyze the impact of instruction sets themselves, and finally make suggestions for the development of RISC-V. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ISA" title="ISA">ISA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RISC-V" title=" RISC-V"> RISC-V</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ARM" title=" ARM"> ARM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X86" title=" X86"> X86</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power" title=" power"> power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency"> energy efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166914/the-future-of-reduced-instruction-set-computing-and-complex-instruction-set-computing-and-suggestions-for-reduced-instruction-set-computing-v-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166914.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">200</span> A Unified Fitting Method for the Set of Unified Constitutive Equations for Modelling Microstructure Evolution in Hot Deformation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chi%20Zhang">Chi Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun%20Jiang"> Jun Jiang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Constitutive equations are very important in finite element (FE) modeling, and the accuracy of the material constants in the equations have significant effects on the accuracy of the FE models. A wide range of constitutive equations are available; however, fitting the material constants in the constitutive equations could be complex and time-consuming due to the strong non-linearity and relationship between the constants. This work will focus on the development of a set of unified MATLAB programs for fitting the material constants in the constitutive equations efficiently. Users will only need to supply experimental data in the required format and run the program without modifying functions or precisely guessing the initial values, or finding the parameters in previous works and will be able to fit the material constants efficiently. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constitutive%20equations" title="constitutive equations">constitutive equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FE%20modelling" title=" FE modelling"> FE modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MATLAB%20program" title=" MATLAB program"> MATLAB program</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-linear%20curve%20fitting" title=" non-linear curve fitting"> non-linear curve fitting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162562/a-unified-fitting-method-for-the-set-of-unified-constitutive-equations-for-modelling-microstructure-evolution-in-hot-deformation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162562.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">99</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">199</span> High Quality Gallium Oxide Microstructures by Catalyst-Free Thermal Oxidation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiang-Bei%20Qin">Jiang-Bei Qin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rui-Xia%20Miao"> Rui-Xia Miao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Ren"> Wei Ren</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, high crystalline gallium oxide microstructures (wires, belts, and sheets) were synthesized by catalyst-free thermal oxidation. Structural studies such as X-ray diffraction, Raman and transmission electron microscope (TEM) investigations on the microstructures showed monoclinic phase of gallium oxide and single crystalline structure. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations revealed that a huge super microsheet even grows up to 450 µm in length and 206 µm in width. Gallium oxide microstructures exhibit high crystallinity along (002) and (401), respectively. The PL spectrum of these microstructures excites a blue light band centered at 441 and 489nm. The growth mechanism of gallium oxide microstructures is discussed. These gallium oxide microstructures have great potential in functional devices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalyst-free" title="catalyst-free">catalyst-free</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gallium%20oxide" title=" gallium oxide"> gallium oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructures" title=" microstructures"> microstructures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20oxide" title=" thermal oxide"> thermal oxide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144556/high-quality-gallium-oxide-microstructures-by-catalyst-free-thermal-oxidation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144556.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">189</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">198</span> Research on Axial End Flux Leakage and Detent Force of Transverse Flux PM Linear Machine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20R.%20Li">W. R. Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20K.%20Xia"> J. K. Xia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Q.%20Peng"> R. Q. Peng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Y.%20Guo"> Z. Y. Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Jiang"> L. Jiang </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> According to 3D magnetic circuit of the transverse flux PM linear machine, distribution law is presented, and analytical expression of axial end flux leakage is derived using numerical method. Maxwell stress tensor is used to solve detent force of mover. A 3D finite element model of the transverse flux PM machine is built to analyze the flux distribution and detent force. Experimental results of the prototype verified the validity of axial end flux leakage and detent force theoretical derivation, the research on axial end flux leakage and detent force provides a valuable reference to other types of linear machine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axial%20end%20flux%20leakage" title="axial end flux leakage">axial end flux leakage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=detent%20force" title=" detent force"> detent force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flux%20distribution" title=" flux distribution"> flux distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transverse%20flux%20PM%20linear%20machine" title=" transverse flux PM linear machine"> transverse flux PM linear machine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46785/research-on-axial-end-flux-leakage-and-detent-force-of-transverse-flux-pm-linear-machine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46785.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">448</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">197</span> Assessment of Germination Loss Due to Dusky Cotton Bug (Oxycarenus laetus) in Relation to Cotton Boll Stage and Bug Intensity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Hassan">Ali Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mian%20Muhammad%20Awais"> Mian Muhammad Awais</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Rafique%20Shahid"> Muhammad Rafique Shahid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farazia%20Hassan"> Farazia Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shumaila%20%20Rasool"> Shumaila Rasool</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dusky cotton bug (Oxycarenus laetus) has attained the status of major insect pest of cotton. It is also known as seed bug due to its property of feeding on seeds. It causes floral abscission at flowering stage and reduction in seed germination. Present study was carried out to assess germination loss caused by dusky bug with respect to crop stage and insect intensity. Treatments consisted of three stages immature boll, mature boll and opened boll as well three levels of dusky bug i.e., 50 bugs per boll, 40 bugs per boll along with zero level kept as control. Results showed that the germination percentage was highest in control treatment where no insect was released followed by treatment where 40 insects released and minimum germination showed by treatment in which 50 insects were released. The germination percentage of seeds surpassed after control treatment in the treatment where dusky bugs exposure was given at boll opening stage than on mature boll stage. Minimum germination was observed in immature boll stage. Interaction between crop stages and dusky bug levels showed that germination percentage of seeds was maximum in control treatment then boll opening stage followed by mature boll stage. Minimum seed germination was recorded in dusky bug treatment at immature boll stage which was 34% where 50 insects were released. From the results it is clear that dusky bug should be managed properly at all reproductive stages but immature stage is most critical. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gossypium%20hirsutum" title="Gossypium hirsutum">Gossypium hirsutum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oxycarenus%20laetus" title=" Oxycarenus laetus"> Oxycarenus laetus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed%20bug" title=" seed bug"> seed bug</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed%20germination" title=" seed germination"> seed germination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72297/assessment-of-germination-loss-due-to-dusky-cotton-bug-oxycarenus-laetus-in-relation-to-cotton-boll-stage-and-bug-intensity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72297.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">324</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mian%20Jiang&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mian%20Jiang&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mian%20Jiang&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mian%20Jiang&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mian%20Jiang&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mian%20Jiang&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mian%20Jiang&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mian%20Jiang&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>