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mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketua_Oposisi_(Malaysia)" title="Ketua Oposisi (Malaysia) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ketua Oposisi (Malaysia)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketua_Pembangkang_(Malaysia)" title="Ketua Pembangkang (Malaysia) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ketua Pembangkang (Malaysia)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a 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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;">Leader of the Opposition</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size: 125%; font-weight: normal;"><i>Ketua Pembangkang</i> <br /> <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><span lang="ms"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227789315">.mw-parser-output .script-arabic{font-family:"Scheherazade New","SF Arabic",Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh","Noto Sans Arabic","Sakkal Majalla","Harmattan","Arabic Typesetting","Arabic Transparent","Times New Roman",Arial,Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}</style><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">کتوا ڤمبڠکڠ</span>‎</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/240px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hamzah_Zainudin_pada_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Hamzah_Zainudin_pada_2022.jpg/200px-Hamzah_Zainudin_pada_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Hamzah_Zainudin_pada_2022.jpg/300px-Hamzah_Zainudin_pada_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Hamzah_Zainudin_pada_2022.jpg/400px-Hamzah_Zainudin_pada_2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="865" data-file-height="1092" /></a></span></div><div style="display:inline;font-weight:bold;">Incumbent<br /><a href="/wiki/Hamzah_Zainudin" title="Hamzah Zainudin">Hamzah Zainudin</a><br /></div>since 10 December 2022</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Style_(form_of_address)" title="Style (form of address)">Style</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Malay_titles" class="mw-redirect" title="Malay titles">Yang Berhormat</a><br /><small>(The Honourable)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Member of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat" title="Dewan Rakyat">House of Representatives</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reports to</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Parliament of Malaysia">Parliament</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appointer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat" title="Dewan Rakyat">Dewan Rakyat</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Term_of_office" title="Term of office">Term length</a></th><td class="infobox-data">5 years or less, renewable once (while commanding the <a href="/wiki/Confidence_and_supply" title="Confidence and supply">confidence</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat" title="Dewan Rakyat">lower house of Parliament</a> with <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Malaysia" title="Elections in Malaysia">General Elections</a> held no more than five years apart)<br />By convention, is held by the leader of the largest political party in the Dewan Rakyat that is not in government</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Inaugural holder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Burhanuddin_al-Helmy" title="Burhanuddin al-Helmy">Burhanuddin al-Helmy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data">1959<span class="noprint">; 65 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1959</span>)</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Leader of the Opposition</b> (<a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>: <i lang="ms">Ketua Pembangkang</i>; <a href="/wiki/Jawi_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Jawi alphabet">Jawi</a>: <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><span lang="ms-Arab" dir="rtl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">کتوا ڤمبڠکڠ</span>‎</span></span>) in <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Malaysia" title="Government of Malaysia">Malaysian Federal Politics</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament#Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">Member of Parliament</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat" title="Dewan Rakyat">Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition" title="Leader of the Opposition">Leader of the Opposition</a> is, by <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_convention_(political_custom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional convention (political custom)">convention</a>, the leader of the largest <a href="/wiki/Political_party" title="Political party">political party</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat" title="Dewan Rakyat">Dewan Rakyat</a> that is not in <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Malaysia" title="Government of Malaysia">government</a>. </p><p>When in the Dewan Rakyat, the Leader of the Opposition sits on the left-hand side of the centre table, in front of the Opposition and opposite the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">Prime Minister</a>. The Opposition Leader is elected by the minority party of the House according to its rules. A new Opposition Leader may be elected when the incumbent dies, resigns, or is challenged for the leadership. </p><p>Malaysia is a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary system</a> and is based on the <a href="/wiki/Westminster_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Westminster model">Westminster model</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Opposition_(politics)" title="Opposition (politics)">Opposition</a> is an important component of the Westminster system, with the Opposition directing criticism at the Government's policies and programs, proposing alternative budgets and legislations, give close attention to all proposed legislation and attempts to defeat and replace the Government. The Opposition is therefore known as the 'government in waiting' and it is a formal part of the parliamentary system. </p><p>Since November 2022, <a href="/wiki/Perikatan_Nasional" title="Perikatan Nasional">PN</a> has been the largest Malaysian Opposition. Previously, the longest-serving Opposition Leader had been <a href="/wiki/Lim_Kit_Siang" title="Lim Kit Siang">Lim Kit Siang</a>, who served for a total of 28 years (from 1975-1999 and then from 2004-2008). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_leaders_of_the_opposition_of_Malaysia">List of leaders of the opposition of Malaysia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Malaysia)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: List of leaders of the opposition of Malaysia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Colour key'</i> (for political parties and coalitions):<br /> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;background-color:#009000; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Islamic_Party" title="Malaysian Islamic Party">PMIP/PAS</a></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;background-color:#FAAFBA; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_of_Malaya" title="Labour Party of Malaya">LPM</a></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;background-color:#ED1C24; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Action_Party_(Malaysia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)">DAP</a></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;background-color:#717190; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Sarawak_National_Party" title="Sarawak National Party">SNAP</a></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;background-color:#00ADEF; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Justice_Party_(Malaysia)" title="People's Justice Party (Malaysia)">PKR</a></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;background-color:#ED1C24; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Harapan" title="Pakatan Harapan">PH</a></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;background-color:#000080; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">BN</a></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;background-color:#031e61; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Perikatan_Nasional" title="Perikatan Nasional">PN</a></span> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"># </th> <th rowspan="2">Portrait </th> <th rowspan="2" width="215">Leader of the Opposition </th> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2">Political party </th> <th colspan="3">Term of office </th> <th rowspan="2">Refs </th></tr> <tr> <th>Took office </th> <th>Left office </th> <th>Time in office </th></tr> <tr> <td>1. </td> <td> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Burhanuddin_al-Helmy" title="Burhanuddin al-Helmy">Burhanuddin al-Helmy</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1911–1969)<br />MP for <a href="/wiki/Besut_(federal_constituency)" title="Besut (federal constituency)">Besut</a></span> </td> <th style="background:#009000;"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Pan-Malaysian_Islamic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party">PMIP</a> </td> <td>1959 </td> <td>1964 </td> <td>5 years </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><b>2</b> </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td> <td rowspan="3"><b><a href="/wiki/Tan_Chee_Khoon" title="Tan Chee Khoon">Tan Chee Khoon</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1919–1996)<br />MP for <a href="/wiki/Batu_(Selangor_federal_constituency)" title="Batu (Selangor federal constituency)">Batu</a></span> </td> <th style="background:#C00000;"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Peoples%27_Socialist_Front" title="Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front">SF</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_of_Malaya" title="Labour Party of Malaya">LPM</a>) </td> <td>18 May 1964 </td> <td>10 January 1966 </td> <td rowspan="3"><span data-sort-value="7003176800000000000♠"></span>4 years, 307 days </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#FAAFBA;"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_of_Malaya" title="Labour Party of Malaya">LPM</a> </td> <td>10 January 1966 </td> <td>28 May 1968 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#FF0000;"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Parti_Gerakan_Rakyat_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia">Gerakan</a> </td> <td>28 May 1968 </td> <td>20 March 1969 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5"><i>Parliament suspended</i> </td> <td>1969 </td> <td>1971 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asrihajimuda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asrihajimuda.jpg/100px-Asrihajimuda.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asrihajimuda.jpg/150px-Asrihajimuda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asrihajimuda.jpg/200px-Asrihajimuda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="854" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Asri_Muda" title="Asri Muda">Mohamed Asri Muda</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1923–1992)<br />MP for <a href="/wiki/Pasir_Puteh_(federal_constituency)" title="Pasir Puteh (federal constituency)">Pasir Puteh</a></span> </td> <th style="background:#009000;"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Pan-Malaysian_Islamic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party">PMIP</a> </td> <td>1971 </td> <td>1973 </td> <td>2 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>4. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lim_Kit_Siang_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Lim_Kit_Siang_cropped.jpg/70px-Lim_Kit_Siang_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Lim_Kit_Siang_cropped.jpg/104px-Lim_Kit_Siang_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Lim_Kit_Siang_cropped.jpg/139px-Lim_Kit_Siang_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="786" data-file-height="1082" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Lim_Kit_Siang" title="Lim Kit Siang">Lim Kit Siang</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(b.1941)<br />MP for <a href="/wiki/Bandar_Malacca_(federal_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandar Malacca (federal constituency)">Bandar Malacca</a></span> </td> <th style="background:#ED1C24;"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Action_Party" title="Democratic Action Party">DAP</a> </td> <td>30 January 1973 </td> <td>31 July 1974 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002548000000000000♠"></span>1 year, 183 days </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5. </td> <td> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/James_Wong_Kim_Min" title="James Wong Kim Min">James Wong Kim Min</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1922–2011)<br />MP for <a href="/wiki/Miri-Subis" title="Miri-Subis">Miri-Subis</a></span> </td> <th rowspan="2" style="background:#717190;"> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_National_Party" title="Sarawak National Party">SNAP</a> </td> <td>24 August 1974 </td> <td>30 October 1974 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001680000000000000♠"></span>68 days </td></tr> <tr> <td>6. </td> <td> </td> <td><b>Edmund Langgu Anak Saga</b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(b.1936)<br />MP for <a href="/wiki/Saratok_(federal_constituency)" title="Saratok (federal constituency)">Saratok</a></span> </td> <td>4 November 1974 </td> <td>4 November 1975 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002365000000000000♠"></span>1 year, 0 days </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6">7. </td> <td rowspan="6"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lim_Kit_Siang_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Lim_Kit_Siang_cropped.jpg/100px-Lim_Kit_Siang_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Lim_Kit_Siang_cropped.jpg/150px-Lim_Kit_Siang_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Lim_Kit_Siang_cropped.jpg/200px-Lim_Kit_Siang_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="786" data-file-height="1082" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="6"><b><a href="/wiki/Lim_Kit_Siang" title="Lim Kit Siang">Lim Kit Siang</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(b.1941)<br />MP for <a href="/wiki/Kota_Melaka_(federal_constituency)" title="Kota Melaka (federal constituency)">Kota Melaka</a> (1975-1978)<br />MP for <a href="/wiki/Petaling_(federal_constituency)" title="Petaling (federal constituency)">Petaling</a> (1978–1982)<br />MP for <a href="/wiki/Kota_Melaka_(federal_constituency)" title="Kota Melaka (federal constituency)">Kota Melaka</a> (1982-1986)<br />MP for <a href="/wiki/Tanjong_(federal_constituency)" title="Tanjong (federal constituency)">Tanjong</a> (1986–1999)</span> </td> <th rowspan="4" style="background:#ED1C24;"> </th> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Action_Party" title="Democratic Action Party">DAP</a> </td> <td>5 November 1975 </td> <td>12 June 1978 </td> <td rowspan="6"><span data-sort-value="7003877200000000000♠"></span>24 years, 6 days </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 October 1978 </td> <td>29 March 1982 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 October 1982 </td> <td>19 July 1986 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 October 1986 </td> <td>4 October 1990 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ADD8E6;"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Gagasan_Rakyat" title="Gagasan Rakyat">GR</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Action_Party" title="Democratic Action Party">DAP</a>) </td> <td>10 December 1990 </td> <td>6 April 1995 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ED1C24;"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Action_Party" title="Democratic Action Party">DAP</a> </td> <td>15 June 1995 </td> <td>10 November 1999 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8. </td> <td> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">Dato'</span><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Fadzil_Noor" title="Fadzil Noor">Fadzil Noor</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1937–2002)<br />MP for <a href="/wiki/Pendang_(federal_constituency)" title="Pendang (federal constituency)">Pendang</a></span> </td> <th rowspan="2" style="background:#F2003C;"> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Barisan_Alternatif" title="Barisan Alternatif">BA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Islamic_Party" title="Malaysian Islamic Party">PAS</a>) </td> <td>20 December 1999 </td> <td>23 June 2002 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002917000000000000♠"></span>2 years, 186 days </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hadi_Awang_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Hadi_Awang_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="154" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="56" data-file-height="86" /></a></span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">Dato' Seri</span><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hadi_Awang" title="Abdul Hadi Awang">Abdul Hadi Awang</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(b.1947)<br />MP for <a href="/wiki/Marang_(federal_constituency)" title="Marang (federal constituency)">Marang</a></span> </td> <td>9 September 2002 </td> <td>4 March 2004 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002543000000000000♠"></span>1 year, 178 days </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lim_Kit_Siang_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Lim_Kit_Siang_cropped.jpg/100px-Lim_Kit_Siang_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Lim_Kit_Siang_cropped.jpg/150px-Lim_Kit_Siang_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Lim_Kit_Siang_cropped.jpg/200px-Lim_Kit_Siang_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="786" data-file-height="1082" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Lim_Kit_Siang" title="Lim Kit Siang">Lim Kit Siang</a></b><br /><small>(b. 1941)<br />MP for <a href="/wiki/Ipoh_Timor_(federal_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ipoh Timor (federal constituency)">Ipoh Timor</a></small> </td> <th style="background:#ED1C24;"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Action_Party" title="Democratic Action Party">DAP</a> </td> <td>19 May 2004 </td> <td>13 February 2008 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003136600000000000♠"></span>3 years, 271 days </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wan_Azizah_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Wan_Azizah_2.jpg/100px-Wan_Azizah_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Wan_Azizah_2.jpg/150px-Wan_Azizah_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Wan_Azizah_2.jpg/200px-Wan_Azizah_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="301" /></a></span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">Dato' Seri</span><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Wan_Azizah_Wan_Ismail" title="Wan Azizah Wan Ismail">Wan Azizah Wan Ismail</a></b><br /><small>(b. 1952)<br />MP for <a href="/wiki/Permatang_Pauh_(federal_constituency)" title="Permatang Pauh (federal constituency)">Permatang Pauh</a></small> </td> <th rowspan="3" style="background:#FF6600;"> </th> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Rakyat" title="Pakatan Rakyat">PR</a> (<a href="/wiki/People%27s_Justice_Party_(Malaysia)" title="People's Justice Party (Malaysia)">PKR</a>) </td> <td>30 April 2008 </td> <td>28 August 2008 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002121000000000000♠"></span>121 days </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">12. </td> <td rowspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anwar_Ibrahim.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Anwar_Ibrahim.jpg/100px-Anwar_Ibrahim.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Anwar_Ibrahim.jpg/150px-Anwar_Ibrahim.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Anwar_Ibrahim.jpg/200px-Anwar_Ibrahim.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3008" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span style="font-size:85%;">Dato' Seri</span><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar Ibrahim</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(b.1947)<br />MP for <a href="/wiki/Permatang_Pauh_(federal_constituency)" title="Permatang Pauh (federal constituency)">Permatang Pauh</a></span> </td> <td>28 August 2008 </td> <td>3 April 2013 </td> <td rowspan="2"><span data-sort-value="7003239200000000000♠"></span>6 years, 201 days </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>26 June 2013 </td> <td>16 March 2015 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>13. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wan_Azizah.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wan_Azizah.jpg/100px-Wan_Azizah.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wan_Azizah.jpg/150px-Wan_Azizah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wan_Azizah.jpg/200px-Wan_Azizah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="293" data-file-height="404" /></a></span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">Dato' Seri</span><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Wan_Azizah_Wan_Ismail" title="Wan Azizah Wan Ismail">Wan Azizah Wan Ismail</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(b.1952)<br />MP for <a href="/wiki/Permatang_Pauh_(federal_constituency)" title="Permatang Pauh (federal constituency)">Permatang Pauh</a></span> </td> <th style="background:#ED1C24;"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Harapan" title="Pakatan Harapan">PH</a> (<a href="/wiki/People%27s_Justice_Party_(Malaysia)" title="People's Justice Party (Malaysia)">PKR</a>) </td> <td>18 May 2015 </td> <td>7 April 2018 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003105600000000000♠"></span>2 years, 325 days </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Deputy_Prime_Minister_Hamidi_-_2017_(36294565072)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Deputy_Prime_Minister_Hamidi_-_2017_%2836294565072%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Deputy_Prime_Minister_Hamidi_-_2017_%2836294565072%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Deputy_Prime_Minister_Hamidi_-_2017_%2836294565072%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Deputy_Prime_Minister_Hamidi_-_2017_%2836294565072%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Deputy_Prime_Minister_Hamidi_-_2017_%2836294565072%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Deputy_Prime_Minister_Hamidi_-_2017_%2836294565072%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="666" data-file-height="833" /></a></span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">Dato' Seri</span><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Zahid_Hamidi" title="Ahmad Zahid Hamidi">Ahmad Zahid Hamidi</a></b><br /><small>(b. 1953)<br />MP for <a href="/wiki/Bagan_Datuk_(federal_constituency)" title="Bagan Datuk (federal constituency)">Bagan Datuk</a></small> </td> <th rowspan="2" style="background:#000080;"> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">BN</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_Malays_National_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="United Malays National Organisation">UMNO</a>) </td> <td>18 July 2018 </td> <td>12 March 2019 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002238000000000000♠"></span>238 days </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>15. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ismail_Sabri_Fumio_Kishida_2022_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Ismail_Sabri_Fumio_Kishida_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Ismail_Sabri_Fumio_Kishida_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Ismail_Sabri_Fumio_Kishida_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Ismail_Sabri_Fumio_Kishida_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Ismail_Sabri_Fumio_Kishida_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Ismail_Sabri_Fumio_Kishida_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="334" /></a></span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">Dato' Sri</span><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Ismail_Sabri_Yaakob" title="Ismail Sabri Yaakob">Ismail Sabri Yaakob</a></b><br /><small>(b. 1960)<br />MP for <a href="/wiki/Bera_(federal_constituency)" title="Bera (federal constituency)">Bera</a></small> </td> <td>12 March 2019 </td> <td>24 February 2020 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002350000000000000♠"></span>350 days </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>16. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anwar_Ibrahim_(cropped_further).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Anwar_Ibrahim_%28cropped_further%29.png/100px-Anwar_Ibrahim_%28cropped_further%29.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Anwar_Ibrahim_%28cropped_further%29.png/150px-Anwar_Ibrahim_%28cropped_further%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Anwar_Ibrahim_%28cropped_further%29.png/200px-Anwar_Ibrahim_%28cropped_further%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1335" data-file-height="1643" /></a></span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">Dato' Seri</span><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar Ibrahim</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(b.1947)<br />MP for <a href="/wiki/Port_Dickson_(federal_constituency)" title="Port Dickson (federal constituency)">Port Dickson</a></span> </td> <th style="background:#ED1C24;"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Harapan" title="Pakatan Harapan">PH</a> (<a href="/wiki/People%27s_Justice_Party_(Malaysia)" title="People's Justice Party (Malaysia)">PKR</a>) </td> <td>13 July 2020 </td> <td>24 November 2022 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002865000000000000♠"></span>2 years, 135 days </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>17. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hamzah_Zainudin_pada_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Hamzah_Zainudin_pada_2022.jpg/100px-Hamzah_Zainudin_pada_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Hamzah_Zainudin_pada_2022.jpg/150px-Hamzah_Zainudin_pada_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Hamzah_Zainudin_pada_2022.jpg/200px-Hamzah_Zainudin_pada_2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="865" data-file-height="1092" /></a></span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">Dato' Seri</span><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Hamzah_Zainudin" title="Hamzah Zainudin">Hamzah Zainudin</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(b.1957)<br />MP for <a href="/wiki/Larut_(federal_constituency)" title="Larut (federal constituency)">Larut</a></span> </td> <th style="background:#031e61;"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Perikatan_Nasional" title="Perikatan Nasional">PN</a> (<a href="/wiki/Malaysian_United_Indigenous_Party" title="Malaysian United Indigenous Party">BERSATU</a>) </td> <td>19 December 2022 </td> <td>Incumbent </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002716000000000000♠"></span>1 year, 351 days </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Malaysia)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Malaysia)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/3/20/nation/20702955&sec=nation">the original</a> on 21 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=PKR+president+poised+to+make+history+as+first+woman+Opposition+Leader&rft.date=2008-03-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fstory.asp%3Ffile%3D%2F2008%2F3%2F20%2Fnation%2F20702955%26sec%3Dnation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeader+of+the+Opposition+%28Malaysia%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parlimen.gov.my/files/hindex/pdf/DR-28082008.pdf">Hansard - 28 August 2008</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parlimen.gov.my/files/hindex/pdf/DR-26062013.pdf">Hansard - 26 June 2013</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themalaysiantimes.com.my/anwar-disqualified-as-mp-since-mar-16-says-speaker/">"Anwar disqualified as MP since Mar 16, says speaker"</a>. The Malaysian Times. 1 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anwar+disqualified+as+MP+since+Mar+16%2C+says+speaker&rft.pub=The+Malaysian+Times&rft.date=2015-04-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themalaysiantimes.com.my%2Fanwar-disqualified-as-mp-since-mar-16-says-speaker%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeader+of+the+Opposition+%28Malaysia%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parlimen.gov.my/files/hindex/pdf/DR-18052015.pdf">Hansard - 18 May 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parlimen.gov.my/files/hindex/pdf/DR-18072018.pdf">Hansard - 18 July 2018</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parlimen.gov.my/files/hindex/pdf/DR-12032019.pdf#page=16">Hansard - 12 March 2019</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parlimen.gov.my/files/hindex/pdf/DR-13072020.pdf#page=16">Hansard - 13 July 2020</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parlimen.gov.my/files/hindex/pdf/DR-19122022.pdf#page=26">Hansard - 19 December 2022</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Parliament_of_Malaysia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Template:Parliament of Malaysia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Template talk:Parliament of Malaysia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Parliament of Malaysia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Parliament_of_Malaysia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Parliament of Malaysia">Parliament of Malaysia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Yang di-Pertuan Agong</a> (King)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Negara" title="Dewan Negara">Dewan Negara</a> (Senate)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat" title="Dewan Rakyat">Dewan Rakyat</a> (House of Representatives)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parliamentary<br />officers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dewan Negara</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Dewan_Negara" title="President of the Dewan Negara">President of the Dewan Negara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secretary_of_the_Dewan_Negara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Secretary of the Dewan Negara (page does not exist)">Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leader_of_the_Government_in_the_Dewan_Negara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leader of the Government in the Dewan Negara (page does not exist)">Leader of the Government in the Dewan Negara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leader_of_the_Opposition_in_the_Dewan_Negara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leader of the Opposition in the Dewan Negara (page does not exist)">Leader of the Opposition in the Dewan Negara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dewan Rakyat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Dewan_Rakyat" title="Speaker of the Dewan Rakyat">Speaker of the Dewan Rakyat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_Malaysia" title="Secretary of the House of Representatives of Malaysia">Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leader_of_the_House_(Malaysia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leader of the House (Malaysia) (page does not exist)">Leader of the House</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Leader of the Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_whip_(Malaysia)" title="Party whip (Malaysia)">Whips</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Members_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Members of Parliament">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_have_served_in_both_Houses_of_the_Malaysian_Parliament" title="List of people who have served in both Houses of the Malaysian Parliament">Served in both houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Malaysian_Parliament_who_represented_multiple_states" title="Members of the Malaysian Parliament who represented multiple states">Represented multiple states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Malaysian_Parliament_who_have_served_for_at_least_30_years" class="mw-redirect" title="Members of the Malaysian Parliament who have served for at least 30 years">30+ years</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seniority_in_the_Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Seniority in the Parliament of Malaysia">Seniority</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dewan Negara</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Negara,_15th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Negara, 15th Malaysian Parliament">Current</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Dewan_Negara" title="List of members of the Dewan Negara">previous</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Dewan_Negara" title="Women in the Dewan Negara">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dewan Rakyat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Rakyat,_15th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 15th Malaysian Parliament">Current</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Dewan_Rakyat" title="List of members of the Dewan Rakyat">previous</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Dewan_Rakyat" title="Women in the Dewan Rakyat">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Chinese_in_the_Dewan_Rakyat" title="Ethnic Chinese in the Dewan Rakyat">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Indians_in_the_Dewan_Rakyat" title="Ethnic Indians in the Dewan Rakyat">Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_of_the_House#Malaysia" title="Father of the House">Father of the House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baby_of_the_House#Malaysia" title="Baby of the House">Baby of the House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_procedure" title="Parliamentary procedure">Procedure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opening_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Opening of Parliament">Opening of Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speech_from_the_throne" title="Speech from the throne">Royal Address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Question_time" title="Question time">Question time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading_(legislature)" title="Reading (legislature)">Readings of bills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">Royal assent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Acts_of_Parliament_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Acts of Parliament in Malaysia">List of Acts of Parliament in Malaysia</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rules_of_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Rules of order">Standing orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_Paper" title="Order Paper">Order Paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Hansard</a></li> <li>Committees: <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Negara_committees" title="Dewan Negara committees">Dewan Negara</a> | <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat_committees" title="Dewan Rakyat committees">Dewan Rakyat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Malaysia" title="Elections in Malaysia">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Malaysian_general_election" title="2018 Malaysian general election">Last</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_Malaysian_general_election" title="Next Malaysian general election">Next</a></li> <li>Dewan Negara: None (<a href="/wiki/Indirect_election" title="Indirect election">Indirect election</a> and appointments)</li> <li>Dewan Rakyat: <a href="/wiki/First-past-the-post_voting" title="First-past-the-post voting">First-past-the-post voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_electoral_districts" title="List of Malaysian electoral districts">Electoral districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parliamentary_by-elections_in_Malaysia" title="List of parliamentary by-elections in Malaysia">By-elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caretaker_government_of_Malaysia" title="Caretaker government of Malaysia">Caretaker government</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Houses_of_Parliament" title="Malaysian Houses of Parliament">Malaysian Houses of Parliament</a> (1963–present)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tunku_Abdul_Rahman_Hall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tunku Abdul Rahman Hall (page does not exist)">Tunku Abdul Rahman Hall</a> (1959–63)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output 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