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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">LTTE Rebel</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about a person whose name includes a <a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">patronymic</a>. The article properly refers to the person by his given name, Sivashankar, and not as Shanmugalingam.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Pottu Amman</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="nickname" lang="ta">பொட்டு அம்மான்</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Pottu_Amman_(Tamil_militant).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c2/Pottu_Amman_%28Tamil_militant%29.jpg/220px-Pottu_Amman_%28Tamil_militant%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c2/Pottu_Amman_%28Tamil_militant%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="231" data-file-height="270" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">S. Sivashankar</div><br />1962<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtstart bday">1962</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">18 May 2009<span style="display:none">(2009-05-18)</span> (aged 46–47)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lankan</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold;">Military service</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Tamil_Eelam_Flag.svg/23px-Tamil_Eelam_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Tamil_Eelam_Flag.svg/35px-Tamil_Eelam_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Tamil_Eelam_Flag.svg/45px-Tamil_Eelam_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Eelam" title="Tamil Eelam">Tamil Eelam</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service <wbr />/ branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Liberation_Tigers_of_Tamil_Eelam" title="Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam">Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1981 –2009</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Commands</th><td class="infobox-data">Head of Tiger Organization Security Intelligence Service</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="Sri Lankan civil war">Sri Lankan Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_War_I" title="Eelam War I">Eelam War I</a>, between 1983 and 1987</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_intervention_in_the_Sri_Lankan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War">Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War</a>, between 1987 and 1990</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_War_II" title="Eelam War II">Eelam War II</a>, between 1990 and 1995</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_War_III" title="Eelam War III">Eelam War III</a>, between 1995 and 2002</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_War_IV" title="Eelam War IV">Eelam War IV</a>, between 2006 and 2009</li></ul> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Shanmugalingam Sivashankar</b> (<a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>: <span lang="ta">சண்முகலிங்கம் சிவசங்கர்</span>; 1962 – 18 May 2009; commonly known by the <a href="/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym">nom de guerre</a> <b>Pottu Amman</b>) was a <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Tamils" title="Sri Lankan Tamils">Sri Lankan Tamil</a> rebel and leading member of the <a href="/wiki/Liberation_Tigers_of_Tamil_Eelam" title="Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam">Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam</a>, a separatist <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Tamil_militant_groups" title="Sri Lankan Tamil militant groups">Tamil militant organisation</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pottu_Amman_(Tamil_militant)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sivashankar<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was born in 1962.<sup id="cite_ref-DN090409_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DN090409-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SLG160316_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SLG160316-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was from Nayanmaarkattu near <a href="/wiki/Ariyalai" title="Ariyalai">Ariyalai</a> in northern <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Ceylon" title="Dominion of Ceylon">Ceylon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FL131297_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FL131297-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SL140304_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SL140304-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the son of Shanmugalingam (Shanmuganathan), a clerk working in the up-country region.<sup id="cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBSJ110909-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was educated at Maheswari Vidyalayam, Canagaratnam Madhya Maha Vidyalayam (Stanley College) and <a href="/wiki/Jaffna_Hindu_College" title="Jaffna Hindu College">Jaffna Hindu College</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBSJ110909-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Daily_FT_2022_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daily_FT_2022-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sivashankar was a supporter of <a href="/wiki/Tamil_United_Liberation_Front" title="Tamil United Liberation Front">Tamil United Liberation Front</a> (TULF) MP <a href="/wiki/V._Yogeswaran" title="V. Yogeswaran">V. Yogeswaran</a> and once when they met, Sivashankar slashed his forearm and daubed Yogeswaran's forehead with blood.<sup id="cite_ref-FL131297_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FL131297-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sivashankar started bleeding excessively, fainted and was taken to hospital.<sup id="cite_ref-FL131297_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FL131297-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is believed that he got the nickname "Pottu" (Tamil for <a href="/wiki/Tilaka" title="Tilaka">tilak</a>) from this incident.<sup id="cite_ref-FL131297_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FL131297-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sivashankar married a woman from the Batticaloa region and had a son and daughter.<sup id="cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBSJ110909-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SLG0807_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SLG0807-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="LTTE">LTTE</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pottu_Amman_(Tamil_militant)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: LTTE"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sivashankar joined the Tamil militant group <a href="/wiki/Liberation_Tigers_of_Tamil_Eelam" title="Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam">Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam</a> (LTTE) in 1981 along with T. Sivanesan (<a href="/wiki/Soosai" title="Soosai">Soosai</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-DN090409_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DN090409-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TN041009_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TN041009-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He took on the nom de guerre "Pottu".<sup id="cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBSJ110909-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seniority in the LTTE resulted in his nom de guerre "Pottu" being suffixed by "Amman" (uncle).<sup id="cite_ref-FL131297_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FL131297-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After being trained he served briefly as LTTE leader <a href="/wiki/Velupillai_Prabhakaran" title="Velupillai Prabhakaran">V. Prabhakaran</a>'s bodyguard.<sup id="cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBSJ110909-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was then sent to <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>, India to be in charge of the shore operations in the <a href="/wiki/Vedaranyam" title="Vedaranyam">Vedaranyam</a> area.<sup id="cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBSJ110909-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1985, whilst he was in charge of the LTTE's camp in Vedaranyam, he was abducted by rival militant group <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Organisation_of_Tamil_Eelam" title="People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam">People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam</a> (PLOTE).<sup id="cite_ref-TN041009_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TN041009-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FL131001_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FL131001-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Talks mediated by a former TULF MP failed to result in Pottu Amman's release and so the LTTE's <a href="/wiki/Shankar_(Tamil_militant)" title="Shankar (Tamil militant)">Shankar</a> abducted PLOTE member Jotheeswaran (alias Kannan) who was later <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_exchange" title="Prisoner exchange">exchanged</a> for Pottu Amman.<sup id="cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBSJ110909-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FL131001_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FL131001-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pottu Amman returned to Sri Lanka in 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBSJ110909-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was sent to the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Province,_Sri_Lanka" title="Eastern Province, Sri Lanka">Eastern Province</a> where he was the LTTE's associate commander for <a href="/wiki/Batticaloa_District" title="Batticaloa District">Batticaloa District</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBSJ110909-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He often clashed with the ambitious <a href="/wiki/Karuna_Amman" title="Karuna Amman">Karuna Amman</a> who wanted to be the eastern regional commander.<sup id="cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBSJ110909-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the factors leading to Karuna's defection to the Sri Lankan government in 2004 was his rivalry with Pottu Amman.<sup id="cite_ref-SL140304_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SL140304-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pottu Amman was recalled to <a href="/wiki/Jaffna" title="Jaffna">Jaffna</a>, and in October 1987, when war had erupted between the LTTE and the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Peace_Keeping_Force" title="Indian Peace Keeping Force">Indian Peace Keeping Force</a> (IPKF), he was sent to Tamil Nadu to co-ordinate the flow of supplies from India to Sri Lanka.<sup id="cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBSJ110909-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was briefly jailed in India for smuggling.<sup id="cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBSJ110909-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He returned to Jaffna to take part in military operations against the IPKF and was briefly Jaffna commander.<sup id="cite_ref-FL131297_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FL131297-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBSJ110909-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After being injured in the stomach he moved to the <a href="/wiki/Vanni_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Vanni (Sri Lanka)">Vanni</a> to recover.<sup id="cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBSJ110909-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After recovering, Pottu Amman was put in charge of the <a href="/wiki/Tiger_Organization_Security_Intelligence_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiger Organization Security Intelligence Service">Tiger Organization Security Intelligence Service</a> (TOSIS), the LTTE's intelligence wing, in mid 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBSJ110909-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the IPKF withdrawal in March 1990 and under Pottu Amman's leadership, TOSIS expanded greatly and became a formidable organisation, copying the tactics of <a href="/wiki/Inter-Services_Intelligence" title="Inter-Services Intelligence">Inter-Services Intelligence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mossad" title="Mossad">Mossad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shin_Bet" title="Shin Bet">Shin Bet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBSJ110909-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Richards21_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richards21-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As chief of TOSIS, Pottu Amman is believed to have masterminded the <a href="/wiki/List_of_assassinations_of_the_Sri_Lankan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="List of assassinations of the Sri Lankan Civil War">assassinations</a> of <a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ranasinghe_Premadasa" title="Ranasinghe Premadasa">Ranasinghe Premadasa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ranjan_Wijeratne" title="Ranjan Wijeratne">Ranjan Wijeratne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clancy_Fernando" title="Clancy Fernando">Clancy Fernando</a> and many others.<sup id="cite_ref-FL131297_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FL131297-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also played a key role in the unmasking of the "conspiracy" against LTTE leader Prabhakaran by deputy leader <a href="/wiki/Mahattaya" title="Mahattaya">Mahattaya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FL131297_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FL131297-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pottu Amman is believed to have tortured Mahattaya and extracted his "confession".<sup id="cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBSJ110909-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1993 two separate divisions were created in TOSIS: National Intelligence Division and Military Intelligence Service.<sup id="cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBSJ110909-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pottu Amman was in charge of the National Intelligence Division as well as being in overall charge of TOSIS.<sup id="cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBSJ110909-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Richards21_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richards21-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was later in charge of the LTTE's Chiruththaigal (leopard) <a href="/wiki/Commando" title="Commando">commando</a> division.<sup id="cite_ref-FL131297_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FL131297-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SLG0807_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SLG0807-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1997 he was appointed military commander of <a href="/wiki/Jaffna_Peninsula" title="Jaffna Peninsula">Jaffna peninsula</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FL131297_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FL131297-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2008 Prabhakaran, Pottu Amman and four other LTTE members were charged with the assassination of <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Sri Lanka)">Foreign Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Lakshman_Kadirgamar" title="Lakshman Kadirgamar">Lakshman Kadirgamar</a> in August 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pottu_Amman_(Tamil_militant)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/White_Flag_incident" title="White Flag incident">White Flag incident</a></div> <p>What happened to Pottu Amman, like many senior LTTE members, in the final stages of the <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="Sri Lankan civil war">Sri Lankan civil war</a> in 2009, remains shrouded in mystery and is prone to wild speculations and rumours. Officially, Pottu Amman was killed in the early hours of 18 May 2009 as he, Colonel Letchumanan and other LTTE cadres tried to cross the <a href="/wiki/Nanthi_Lagoon" title="Nanthi Lagoon">Nanthi Kadal</a> lagoon in a boat and were fired upon by Sri Lankan soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBSJ110909-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OI110914_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OI110914-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Armed_Forces" title="Sri Lanka Armed Forces">Sri Lankan military</a>, the wife of Soosai, head of the <a href="/wiki/Sea_Tigers" title="Sea Tigers">Sea Tigers</a>, had told them during <a href="/wiki/Interrogation" title="Interrogation">interrogation</a> that Pottu Amman, together with Soosai, Prabhakaran and Prabhakaran's son Charles Anthony, had remained in the war zone in the final days of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-FL060609_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FL060609-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The military claimed to have killed 18 senior LTTE members, including Pottu Amman, during the final battle of the civil war on 18 May 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-FL060609_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FL060609-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also claimed to have intercepted LTTE communication confirming Pottu Amman's death.<sup id="cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBSJ110909-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The military initially claimed to have identified the body of Pottu Amman but later admitted that they weren't certain that they had found his body.<sup id="cite_ref-FL060609_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FL060609-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2009, Deputy Solicitor-General <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapila_Waidyaratne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kapila Waidyaratne (page does not exist)">Kapila Waidyaratne</a> informed the Colombo High Court that Prabhakaran and Pottu Amman had been killed in May 2009 in Karaithuraipatru and that their names should be removed from those charged with Kadirgamar's assassination.<sup id="cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBSJ110909-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Judge Kumudini Wickremasinghe approved the changes, judicially confirming Pottu Amman's death.<sup id="cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBSJ110909-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2010 the Sri Lankan government asked <a href="/wiki/Interpol" title="Interpol">Interpol</a> to remove Pottu Amman from its most wanted list.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2010 the charges against Prabhakaran and Pottu Amman in relation to the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi were dropped after the <a href="/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Central Bureau of Investigation">Central Bureau of Investigation</a> filed a report stating that the pair were dead.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The failure of the Sri Lankan military to produce Pottu Amman's body has fueled the belief that he survived the civil war.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some have theorised that Pottu Amman escaped whilst others claim that he was captured by the Sri Lankan military and was being held captive in a secret location.<sup id="cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBSJ110909-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2014, reports appeared claiming that Pottu Amman had been arrested in <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> and brought back to Sri Lanka.<sup id="cite_ref-OI110914_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OI110914-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TH120914_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TH120914-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Sri Lankan military dismissed the reports, saying that, although they hadn't found his body, they knew that Pottu Amman had been killed in the final stages of the civil war.<sup id="cite_ref-TH120914_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TH120914-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2016, the <i><a href="/wiki/Divaina" title="Divaina">Divaina</a></i> reported that Pottu Amman was living with his family in Tamil Nadu, India using the name "Kuruttu".<sup id="cite_ref-SLG160316_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SLG160316-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pottu_Amman_(Tamil_militant)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSandeep_Unnithan2009" class="citation magazine cs1">Sandeep Unnithan (11 May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/headlines-today-top-stories/story/why-pottu-amman-must-be-captured-alive-47137-2009-05-11">"Why Pottu Amman must be captured alive"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/India_Today" title="India Today">India Today</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=India+Today&rft.atitle=Why+Pottu+Amman+must+be+captured+alive&rft.date=2009-05-11&rft.au=Sandeep+Unnithan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatoday.in%2Fheadlines-today-top-stories%2Fstory%2Fwhy-pottu-amman-must-be-captured-alive-47137-2009-05-11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APottu+Amman+%28Tamil+militant%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pottu_Amman_(Tamil_militant)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Another source gives his name as Sivasankaran.<sup id="cite_ref-FL131297_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FL131297-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Another source says he joined the LTTE in 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-FL131297_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FL131297-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pottu_Amman_(Tamil_militant)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FL131297-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FL131297_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FL131297_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FL131297_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FL131297_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FL131297_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FL131297_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FL131297_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FL131297_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FL131297_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FL131297_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FL131297_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FL131297_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeyaraj1997" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=D._B._S._Jeyaraj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="D. B. S. Jeyaraj (page does not exist)">Jeyaraj, D. B. S.</a> (13 December 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1425/14251270.htm">"Pottu Amman in Jaffna"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Frontline_(magazine)" title="Frontline (magazine)">Frontline</a></i>. <b>14</b> (25).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontline&rft.atitle=Pottu+Amman+in+Jaffna&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=25&rft.date=1997-12-13&rft.aulast=Jeyaraj&rft.aufirst=D.+B.+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frontline.in%2Fstatic%2Fhtml%2Ffl1425%2F14251270.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APottu+Amman+%28Tamil+militant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DN090409-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DN090409_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DN090409_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJalaldeen2009" class="citation news cs1">Jalaldeen, Rafik (9 April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.dailynews.lk/2009/04/09/sec01.asp">"Pottu Amman in command?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_News_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Daily News (Sri Lanka)">Daily News (Sri Lanka)</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+News+%28Sri+Lanka%29&rft.atitle=Pottu+Amman+in+command%3F&rft.date=2009-04-09&rft.aulast=Jalaldeen&rft.aufirst=Rafik&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.dailynews.lk%2F2009%2F04%2F09%2Fsec01.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APottu+Amman+%28Tamil+militant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SLG160316-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SLG160316_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SLG160316_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slguardian.org/2016/03/oops-ltte-spy-master-still-alive-colombo-newspaper/">"Oops …. LTTE Spy Master Still Alive – Colombo Newspaper"</a>. <i>Sri Lanka Guardian</i>. 16 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sri+Lanka+Guardian&rft.atitle=Oops+%E2%80%A6.+LTTE+Spy+Master+Still+Alive+%E2%80%93+Colombo+Newspaper&rft.date=2016-03-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slguardian.org%2F2016%2F03%2Foops-ltte-spy-master-still-alive-colombo-newspaper%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APottu+Amman+%28Tamil+militant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SL140304-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SL140304_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SL140304_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeyaraj2004" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=D._B._S._Jeyaraj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="D. B. S. Jeyaraj (page does not exist)">Jeyaraj, D. B. S.</a> (14 March 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thesundayleader.lk/archive/20040314/issues-3.htm">"Pottu vs. Karuna: clash of the "Ammans"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Leader" title="The Sunday Leader">The Sunday Leader</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sunday+Leader&rft.atitle=Pottu+vs.+Karuna%3A+clash+of+the+%22Ammans%22&rft.date=2004-03-14&rft.aulast=Jeyaraj&rft.aufirst=D.+B.+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesundayleader.lk%2Farchive%2F20040314%2Fissues-3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APottu+Amman+%28Tamil+militant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DBSJ110909-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBSJ110909_6-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeyaraj2009" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=D._B._S._Jeyaraj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="D. 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Archived from the original on 2 June 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asia+Times&rft.atitle=Missing+Tiger+spy+chief+spells+trouble&rft.date=2009-06-02&rft.aulast=Ramachandran&rft.aufirst=Sudha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atimes.com%2Fatimes%2FSouth_Asia%2FKF02Df01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APottu+Amman+%28Tamil+militant%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TH120914-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TH120914_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TH120914_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSrinivasan2014" class="citation news cs1">Srinivasan, Meera (12 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/lttes-onetime-intelligence-chief-pottu-amman-dead-says-sri-lankan-army/article6402015.ece">"Pottu Amman dead"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Pottu+Amman+dead&rft.date=2014-09-12&rft.aulast=Srinivasan&rft.aufirst=Meera&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Flttes-onetime-intelligence-chief-pottu-amman-dead-says-sri-lankan-army%2Farticle6402015.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APottu+Amman+%28Tamil+militant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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href="/wiki/Liberation_Tigers_of_Tamil_Eelam" title="Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam">Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_commanders_of_the_LTTE" title="List of commanders of the LTTE">Leadership</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Velupillai_Prabhakaran" title="Velupillai Prabhakaran">Velupillai Prabhakaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Balasingham" title="Anton Balasingham">Anton Balasingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balraj" title="Balraj">Balraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_(Tamil_militant)" title="Charles (Tamil militant)">Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karuna_Amman" title="Karuna Amman">Karuna Amman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kittu_(Tamil_militant)" title="Kittu (Tamil militant)">Kittu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KP_(Tamil_militant)" class="mw-redirect" title="KP (Tamil militant)">KP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahattaya" title="Mahattaya">Mahattaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._Nadesan" class="mw-redirect" title="B. Nadesan">B. Nadesan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nediyavan" title="Nediyavan">Nediyavan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pottu Amman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seelan" title="Seelan">Seelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shankar_(Tamil_militant)" title="Shankar (Tamil militant)">Shankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soosai" title="Soosai">Soosai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._P._Thamilselvan" title="S. P. Thamilselvan">S. P. Thamilselvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theepan" title="Theepan">Theepan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_the_Liberation_Tigers_of_Tamil_Eelam" title="Divisions of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam">Divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Anthony_Brigade" title="Charles Anthony Brigade">Charles Anthony Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Tigers" title="Black Tigers">Black Tigers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Tigers" title="Sea Tigers">Sea Tigers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Tigers" title="Air Tigers">Air Tigers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeyanthan_Brigade" title="Jeyanthan Brigade">Jeyanthan Brigade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_attacks_attributed_to_the_LTTE" title="List of attacks attributed to the LTTE">Attacks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civilian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murunkan_massacre" title="Murunkan massacre">Murunkan massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padmanabha_murder_case" title="Padmanabha murder case">Padmanabha murder case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_massacre_of_Sri_Lankan_Police_officers" title="1990 massacre of Sri Lankan Police officers">Massacre of 600 Police officers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Temple_of_the_Tooth_attack" title="1998 Temple of the Tooth attack">Attack on Temple of the Tooth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aranthalawa_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Aranthalawa Massacre">Aranthalawa Massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Bank bombing">Central Bank bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bus_Station_Bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Bus Station Bombing">Central Bus Station Bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehiwala_train_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Dehiwala train bombing">Dehiwala train bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomarankadawala_massacre" title="Gomarankadawala massacre">Gomarankadawala massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonagala_massacre" title="Gonagala massacre">Gonagala massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anuradhapura_massacre" title="Anuradhapura massacre">Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebithigollewa_massacre" title="Kebithigollewa massacre">Kebithigollewa massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kattankudi_mosque_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Kattankudi mosque massacre">Kattankudi mosque massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent_and_Dollar_Farm_massacres" title="Kent and Dollar Farm massacres">Kent and Dollar Farm massacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kallarawa_massacre" title="Kallarawa massacre">Kallarawa massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahawilachchiya_massacre" title="Mahawilachchiya massacre">Mahawilachchiya massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahagodayaya_massacre" title="Mahagodayaya massacre">Mahagodayaya massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palliyagodella_massacre" title="Palliyagodella massacre">Palliyagodella massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_suicide_air_raid_on_Colombo" title="2009 suicide air raid on Colombo">Suicide air raid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandaranaike_Airport_attack" title="Bandaranaike Airport attack">Bandaranaike Airport attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Digampathana_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 Digampathana bombing">Digampathana truck bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Four_Bravo" class="mw-redirect" title="Four Four Bravo">Four Four Bravo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_assassinated_by_the_Liberation_Tigers_of_Tamil_Eelam" title="List of people assassinated by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam">Assassinations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranasinghe_Premadasa#Death" title="Ranasinghe Premadasa">Ranasinghe Premadasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshman_Kadirgamar#Death" title="Lakshman Kadirgamar">Lakshman Kadirgamar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeyaraj_Fernandopulle#Death" title="Jeyaraj Fernandopulle">Jeyaraj Fernandopulle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamini_Dissanayake#Death" title="Gamini Dissanayake">Gamini Dissanayake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjan_Wijeratne#Death" title="Ranjan Wijeratne">Ranjan Wijeratne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lankan Civil War">War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Phases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_War_I" title="Eelam War I">Eelam War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_intervention_in_the_Sri_Lankan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War">Indian intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_War_II" title="Eelam War II">Eelam War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_War_III" title="Eelam War III">Eelam War III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_War_IV" title="Eelam War IV">Eelam War IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_operations_of_the_Sri_Lankan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="List of military operations of the Sri Lankan Civil War">Battles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vadamarachchi_Operation" title="Vadamarachchi Operation">Vadamarachchi Operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pooneryn" title="Battle of Pooneryn">Battle of Pooneryn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Elephant_Pass" title="First Battle of Elephant Pass">First Battle of Elephant Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Riviresa" title="Operation Riviresa">Operation Riviresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mullaitivu_(1996)" title="Battle of Mullaitivu (1996)">Battle of Mullaitivu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jayasikurui" title="Operation Jayasikurui">Operation Jayasikurui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Elephant_Pass" title="Second Battle of Elephant Pass">Second Battle of Elephant Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sampur" title="Battle of Sampur">Battle of Sampur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Thoppigala" title="Battle of Thoppigala">Battle of Thoppigala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Puthukkudiyirippu" title="Battle of Puthukkudiyirippu">Battle of Puthukkudiyirippu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Affiliates_to_the_Liberation_Tigers_of_Tamil_Eelam" title="Affiliates to the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam">Affiliates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Tamil_Association" title="British Tamil Association">British Tamil Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_Revolutionary_Organisation_of_Students" title="Eelam Revolutionary Organisation of Students">Eelam Revolutionary Organisation of Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Front_of_Liberation_Tigers" title="People's Front of Liberation Tigers">People's Front of Liberation Tigers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamils_Rehabilitation_Organisation" title="Tamils Rehabilitation Organisation">Tamils Rehabilitation Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Tamil_Movement" title="World Tamil Movement">World Tamil Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div 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title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sri_Lankan_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sri Lankan Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sri_Lankan_civil_war_(1983–2009)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="Sri Lankan civil war">Sri Lankan civil war</a> (1983–2009)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_the_Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="Origins of the Sri Lankan civil war">Origins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Tamil_nationalism" title="Sri Lankan Tamil nationalism">Sri Lankan Tamil nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_Buddhist_nationalism" title="Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism">Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_Only_Act" title="Sinhala Only Act">Sinhala Only Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_anti-Tamil_pogrom" title="1956 anti-Tamil pogrom">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_anti-Tamil_pogrom" title="1958 anti-Tamil pogrom">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaddukoddai_Resolution" title="Vaddukoddai Resolution">Vaddukoddai Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_anti-Tamil_pogrom" title="1977 anti-Tamil pogrom">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_anti-Tamil_pogrom" title="1981 anti-Tamil pogrom">1981</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burning_of_Jaffna_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Burning of Jaffna Library">Burning of Jaffna Library</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_July" title="Black July">Black July</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Combatants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Sri Lanka"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Army" title="Sri Lanka Army">Army</a> (<a href="/wiki/Long_Range_Reconnaissance_Patrol_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Long Range Reconnaissance Patrol (Sri Lanka)">LRRP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Navy" title="Sri Lanka Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Air_Force" title="Sri Lanka Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Police_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lanka Police Service">Police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_Task_Force_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Special Task Force (Sri Lanka)">Special Task Force</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Civil_Security_Force" title="Sri Lanka Civil Security Force">Home Guards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_attacks_on_civilians_attributed_to_Sri_Lankan_government_forces" title="List of attacks on civilians attributed to Sri Lankan government forces">Attacks on civilians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_assassinated_by_Sri_Lankan_government_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="List of people assassinated by Sri Lankan government forces">Assassinations</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Tamil_Eelam_Flag.svg/23px-Tamil_Eelam_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Tamil_Eelam_Flag.svg/35px-Tamil_Eelam_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Tamil_Eelam_Flag.svg/45px-Tamil_Eelam_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liberation_Tigers_of_Tamil_Eelam" title="Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam">LTTE</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_the_Liberation_Tigers_of_Tamil_Eelam" title="Divisions of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam">Divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Tigers" title="Air Tigers">Air Tigers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Tigers" title="Sea Tigers">Sea Tigers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Tigers" title="Black Tigers">Black Tigers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_attacks_attributed_to_the_LTTE" title="List of attacks attributed to the LTTE">Attacks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_attacks_attributed_to_the_LTTE,_1970s" title="List of attacks attributed to the LTTE, 1970s">in the 1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_attacks_attributed_to_the_LTTE,_1980s" title="List of attacks attributed to the LTTE, 1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_attacks_attributed_to_the_LTTE,_1990s" title="List of attacks attributed to the LTTE, 1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_attacks_attributed_to_the_LTTE,_2000s" title="List of attacks attributed to the LTTE, 2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_assassinated_by_the_Liberation_Tigers_of_Tamil_Eelam" title="List of people assassinated by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam">Assassinations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_bombings_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Suicide bombings in Sri Lanka">Suicide bombings</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Tamil_militant_groups" title="Sri Lankan Tamil militant groups">Other militants</a> <span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Sri_Lankan_Tamil_militant_groups" title="List of Sri Lankan Tamil militant groups">list</a>)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_National_Democratic_Liberation_Front" title="Eelam National Democratic Liberation Front">ENDLF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_National_Liberation_Front" title="Eelam National Liberation Front">ENLF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_People%27s_Revolutionary_Liberation_Front" title="Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front">EPRLF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_Revolutionary_Organisation_of_Students" title="Eelam Revolutionary Organisation of Students">EROS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Organisation_of_Tamil_Eelam" title="People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam">PLOTE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Eelam_Liberation_Organization" title="Tamil Eelam Liberation Organization">TELO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="India"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Peace_Keeping_Force" title="Indian Peace Keeping Force">Indian Peace Keeping Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka"><img alt="Sri Lanka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Paramilitary groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_People%27s_Democratic_Party" title="Eelam People's Democratic Party">EPDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Makkal_Viduthalai_Pulikal" title="Tamil Makkal Viduthalai Pulikal">TMVP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Phases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_War_I" title="Eelam War I">Eelam War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_intervention_in_the_Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan civil war">Indian intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_War_II" title="Eelam War II">Eelam War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_War_III" title="Eelam War III">III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_War_IV" title="Eelam War IV">IV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Theatre_of_Eelam_War_IV" title="Eastern Theatre of Eelam War IV">Eastern</a> / <a href="/wiki/Northern_Theatre_of_Eelam_War_IV" title="Northern Theatre of Eelam War IV">Northern theatres</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major <a href="/wiki/List_of_military_operations_of_the_Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="List of military operations of the Sri Lankan civil war">battles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kokkilai_offensive" title="Kokkilai offensive">Kokkilai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadamarachchi_Operation" title="Vadamarachchi Operation">Vadamarachchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Poomalai" title="Operation Poomalai">Poomalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Pawan" title="Operation Pawan">Pawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaffna_University_Helidrop" title="Jaffna University Helidrop">Jaffna University Helidrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Balavegaya" title="Operation Balavegaya">Balavegaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Elephant_Pass" title="First Battle of Elephant Pass">1st Elephant Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pooneryn" title="Battle of Pooneryn">Pooneryn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Riviresa" title="Operation Riviresa">Riviresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mullaitivu_(1996)" title="Battle of Mullaitivu (1996)">1st Mullaitivu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Weli_Oya_(1995)" title="Battle of Weli Oya (1995)">Weli Oya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Sath_Jaya" title="Operation Sath Jaya">Sath Jaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Vavunathivu_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="1997 Vavunathivu Offensive">Vavunathivu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jayasikurui" title="Operation Jayasikurui">Jayasikurui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thandikulam%E2%80%93Omanthai_offensive" title="Thandikulam–Omanthai offensive">Thandikulam–Omanthai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Battle_of_Kilinochchi" class="mw-redirect" title="1998 Battle of Kilinochchi">1st Kilinochchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oddusuddan_offensive_(1999)" title="Oddusuddan offensive (1999)">Oddusuddan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_the_A-9_highway" title="Battle for the A-9 highway">A-9 highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Elephant_Pass" title="Second Battle of Elephant Pass">2nd Elephant Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandaranaike_Airport_attack" title="Bandaranaike Airport attack">Bandaranaike Airport attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Point_Pedro_(2006)" title="Battle of Point Pedro (2006)">Point Pedro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jaffna_(2006)" title="Battle of Jaffna (2006)">Jaffna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Thoppigala" title="Battle of Thoppigala">Thoppigala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vidattaltivu" title="Battle of Vidattaltivu">Vidattaltivu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008%E2%80%932009_Battle_of_Kilinochchi" class="mw-redirect" title="2008–2009 Battle of Kilinochchi">2nd Kilinochchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mullaitivu_(2009)" title="Battle of Mullaitivu (2009)">2nd Mullaitivu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Puthukkudiyirippu" title="Battle of Puthukkudiyirippu">Puthukkudiyirippu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Lanka_Flight_512" title="Air Lanka Flight 512">Air Lanka Flight 512</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Sri_Lanka_Accord" title="Indo-Sri Lanka Accord">Indo-Sri Lanka Accord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_Muslims_from_the_Northern_province_by_LTTE" class="mw-redirect" title="Expulsion of Muslims from the Northern province by LTTE">Expulsions from Northern province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Lalith_Athulathmudali" title="Assassination of Lalith Athulathmudali">Assassination of Lalith Athulathmudali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi">Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Ranasinghe_Premadasa" title="Assassination of Ranasinghe Premadasa">Assassination of Ranasinghe Premadasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Temple_of_the_Tooth_attack" title="1998 Temple of the Tooth attack">Temple of the Tooth attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionair_Flight_602" title="Lionair Flight 602">Lionair Flight 602</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandaranaike_Airport_attack" title="Bandaranaike Airport attack">Bandaranaike Airport attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_non-resident_Tamils_from_Colombo" title="Expulsion of non-resident Tamils from Colombo">Expulsions from Colombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_suicide_air_raid_on_Colombo" title="2009 suicide air raid on Colombo">2009 suicide air raid on Colombo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sri Lanka</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Army_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Commander of the Army (Sri Lanka)">Army</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tissa_Weeratunga" title="Tissa Weeratunga">Tissa Weeratunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalin_Seneviratne" title="Nalin Seneviratne">Nalin Seneviratne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Wanasinghe" title="Hamilton Wanasinghe">Hamilton Wanasinghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Waidyaratne" title="Cecil Waidyaratne">Cecil Waidyaratne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._H._De_Silva" class="mw-redirect" title="G. H. De Silva">G. H. De Silva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohan_Daluwatte" title="Rohan Daluwatte">Rohan Daluwatte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srilal_Weerasooriya" title="Srilal Weerasooriya">Srilal Weerasooriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._P._Balagalle" class="mw-redirect" title="L. P. Balagalle">L. P. Balagalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantha_Kottegoda" title="Shantha Kottegoda">Shantha Kottegoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarath_Fonseka" title="Sarath Fonseka">Sarath Fonseka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Navy_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Commander of the Navy (Sri Lanka)">Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asoka_de_Silva_(Admiral)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asoka de Silva (Admiral)">Asoka de Silva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._A._Silva" title="H. A. Silva">H. A. Silva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clancy_Fernando" title="Clancy Fernando">Clancy Fernando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._A._M._R._Samarasekara" title="D. A. M. R. Samarasekara">D. A. M. R. Samarasekara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._C._A._C._Thisera" title="H. C. A. C. Thisera">H. C. A. C. Thisera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daya_Sandagiri" title="Daya Sandagiri">Daya Sandagiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasantha_Karannagoda" title="Wasantha Karannagoda">Wasantha Karannagoda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Air_Force_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Commander of the Air Force (Sri Lanka)">Air Force</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Perera" title="Dick Perera">Dick Perera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andibuduge_Fernando" class="mw-redirect" title="Andibuduge Fernando">Andibuduge Fernando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makalandage_Gunawardena" class="mw-redirect" title="Makalandage Gunawardena">Makalandage Gunawardena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Ranasinghe" title="Oliver Ranasinghe">Oliver Ranasinghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayalath_Weerakkody" title="Jayalath Weerakkody">Jayalath Weerakkody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Perera" title="Donald Perera">Donald Perera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roshan_Goonetileke" title="Roshan Goonetileke">Roshan Goonetileke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Civilian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._R._Jayewardene" title="J. R. Jayewardene">J. R. Jayewardene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranasinghe_Premadasa" title="Ranasinghe Premadasa">Ranasinghe Premadasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingiri_Banda_Wijetunga" title="Dingiri Banda Wijetunga">Dingiri Banda Wijetunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrika_Kumaratunga" title="Chandrika Kumaratunga">Chandrika Kumaratunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahinda_Rajapaksa" title="Mahinda Rajapaksa">Mahinda Rajapaksa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">LTTE</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_commanders_of_the_LTTE" title="List of commanders of the LTTE">Militant</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Velupillai_Prabhakaran" title="Velupillai Prabhakaran">Velupillai Prabhakaran</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pottu Amman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thillaiyampalam_Sivanesan" class="mw-redirect" title="Thillaiyampalam Sivanesan">Soosai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayagamoorthy_Muralitharan" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinayagamoorthy Muralitharan">Karuna Amman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Political</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Selvarasa_Pathmanathan" title="Selvarasa Pathmanathan">Selvarasa Pathmanathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Balasingham" title="Anton Balasingham">Anton Balasingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._P._Thamilselvan" title="S. P. Thamilselvan">S. P. Thamilselvan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">India</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harkirat_Singh_(general)" title="Harkirat Singh (general)">Harkirat Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashok_K._Mehta" title="Ashok K. Mehta">Ashok K. Mehta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulwant_Singh_(general)" title="Kulwant Singh (general)">Kulwant Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depinder_Singh" title="Depinder Singh">Depinder Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalvir_Singh" title="Dalvir Singh">Dalvir Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnaswamy_Sundarji" title="Krishnaswamy Sundarji">Krishnaswamy Sundarji</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Civilian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R._Venkataraman" class="mw-redirect" title="R. Venkataraman">R. Venkataraman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._P._Singh" title="V. P. Singh">V. P. Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyotindra_Nath_Dixit" title="Jyotindra Nath Dixit">Jyotindra Nath Dixit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Jayalalithaa" title="J. Jayalalithaa">J. Jayalalithaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Karunanidhi" title="M. Karunanidhi">M. Karunanidhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaiko" title="Vaiko">Vaiko</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aftermath</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_genocide" title="Tamil genocide">Genocide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_the_Tamil_genocide" title="List of films about the Tamil genocide">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Northern_Province_Council_resolution_on_genocide_of_Tamils" title="2015 Northern Province Council resolution on genocide of Tamils">NPC resolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lessons_Learnt_and_Reconciliation_Commission" title="Lessons Learnt and Reconciliation Commission">LLRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_end_of_the_Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="Reactions to the end of the Sri Lankan civil war">Reactions</a> (<a href="/wiki/Protests_against_the_Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="Protests against the Sri Lankan civil war">Protests</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remembrance_Day_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Remembrance Day (Sri Lanka)">Remembrance Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Report_of_the_Secretary-General%27s_Panel_of_Experts_on_Accountability_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Report of the Secretary-General's Panel of Experts on Accountability in Sri Lanka">UN Panel on Accountability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_during_the_final_stages_of_the_Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="War crimes during the final stages of the Sri Lankan civil war">War crimes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegations_of_chemical_weapons_use_in_the_Sri_Lankan_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Allegations of chemical weapons use in the Sri Lankan civil war">Chemical weapons</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="Casualties of the Sri Lankan civil war">Casualties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_assassinations_of_the_Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="List of assassinations of the Sri Lankan civil war">Assassinations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_massacres_in_Sri_Lanka" title="List of massacres in Sri Lanka">Massacres</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militant_use_of_children_in_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Militant use of children in Sri Lanka">Child soldiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enforced_disappearances_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Enforced disappearances in Sri Lanka">Disappearances</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_on_Missing_Persons" title="Office on Missing Persons">Office on Missing Persons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Human rights in Sri Lanka">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_civil_war_in_popular_culture" title="Sri Lankan civil war in popular culture">Popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Terrorism in Sri Lanka">Terrorism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_(non-state)_terrorist_incidents_in_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="List of (non-state) terrorist incidents in Sri Lanka">Non-state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_and_state_terrorism" title="Sri Lanka and state terrorism">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prevention_of_Terrorism_Act_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Prevention of Terrorism Act (Sri Lanka)">PTA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_violence_against_Tamils_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Sexual violence against Tamils in Sri Lanka">Sexual violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Amendment_to_the_Constitution_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Sixth Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka">Sixth Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_Constitution_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka">Thirteenth Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Maldives_coup_attempt" title="1988 Maldives coup attempt">1988 Maldives coup attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987%E2%80%931989_JVP_insurrection" title="1987–1989 JVP insurrection">1987–1989 JVP insurrection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wiktionary page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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