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The Canadian Competition Authority approves the acquisition of an international supplier and distributor of transportation fuels by an operator of branded fuel locations after reaching an agreement on the proposed acquisition (Global Fuels / Greenergy) - Concurrences

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2023"/> <meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.concurrences.com/en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2023/the-canadian-competition-authority-approves-the-acquisition-of-an-international"/> <meta name="citation_issn" content="2116-0201"/> <!-- Dublin Core --> <link rel="schema.DC" href="https://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" /> <link rel="schema.DCTERMS" href="https://purl.org/dc/terms/" /> <meta name="DC.Format" content="text/html" /> <meta name="DC.Type" content="Text" /> <meta name="DC.Language" scheme="rfc1766" content="en" /> <meta name="DC.Title" lang="en" content="The Canadian Competition Authority approves the acquisition of an international supplier and distributor of transportation fuels by an operator of branded fuel locations after reaching an agreement on the proposed acquisition (Global Fuels / Greenergy)" /> <meta name="DC.Description.Abstract" lang="en" content="Competition Bureau resolves competition concerns with Global Fuels acquisition of 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<article class="longform longform_abstract"> <section class="section section_longform section_main"> <header class="section__header cartouche"> <div class="section__container"> <div class="cartouche__label cartouche__label_date"> <p class="publication"> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-10-24T22:00:00Z"><span class="dm"><span class="d">25 </span><span class="m">Oct</span></span><span class="y"> 2023</span></time> </p> </div> <div class="cartouche__title"> <h1> <span class="crayon article-titre-115187 ">The Canadian Competition Authority approves the acquisition of an international supplier and distributor of transportation fuels by an operator of branded fuel locations after reaching an agreement on the proposed acquisition <em>(Global Fuels / Greenergy)</em></span> </h1> </div> <div class="cartouche__label cartouche__label_metas postmeta"> <span class="meta-title">KEYWORDS</span> </div> <div class="cartouche__metas cartouche__metas_tags postmeta"> <span class="tags"> <ul class="inline list-inline"> <li><a class="label label-default" href="en/tags/Canada">Canada</a></li><li><a class="label label-default" href="en/tags/mergers">Mergers</a></li><li><a class="label label-default" href="en/tags/Protection-territoriale-absolue">Behavioural remedies</a></li><li><a class="label label-default" href="en/tags/Engagements-concentrations">Remedies (mergers)</a></li><li><a class="label label-default" href="en/tags/Concentration-notion">Merger (notion)</a></li><li><a class="label label-default" href="en/tags/Autorisation-Phase-I">Merger clearance (Phase I)</a></li><li><a class="label label-default" href="en/tags/Energie">Energy</a></li> </ul> </span> </div> <div class="cartouche__label cartouche__label_metas postmeta"> <span class="meta-title">References</span> </div> <div class="cartouche__metas cartouche__metas_links postmeta"> <p class="hyperlien"><a href="en/document/competition-bureau-resolves-competition-concerns-with-global-fuels-acquisition" class="spip_in" type='application/pdf'>Canadian Competition Authority, <em>Global Fuels / Greenergy</em>, Press release, 25 October 2023</a> </p> <p class="hyperlien"><a href="en/document/115187" class="spip_in" type='application/pdf'>Canadian Competition Tribunal, <em>Global Fuels / Greenergy</em>, Decision, 25 October 2023</a> </p> </div> </div> </header> <div class="section__content"> <div class="section__container"> <div class="surlignable truncated-content"><section class="sommaire-section sommaire-section_niveau1 sommaire-section_h2" aria-labelledby="Competition-Bureau-resolves-competition-concerns-with-Global-Fuels-nbsp"><h2 class="h2" id='Competition-Bureau-resolves-competition-concerns-with-Global-Fuels-nbsp'>Competition Bureau resolves competition concerns with Global Fuels acquisition of Greenergy’s retail fuel business*</h2> <p>The Competition Bureau announced today that it has reached an agreement with Global Fuels Inc. and its affiliates (Global Fuels), related to their proposed acquisition of Greenergy&#8217;s Canadian retail fuel business. The proposed transaction includes 241 retail fuel and convenience locations in Canada.</p> <p>The Bureau concluded that the proposed transaction would likely substantially le...</p></section></div> <div class="cta-inscription" id="cta-inscription"> <div class="cta-inscription-info"> <h2 class="h5 restricted">Access to this article is restricted to subscribers</h2> <p class="deja">Already Subscribed? <a href="en/page/login/?url=en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2023/the-canadian-competition-authority-approves-the-acquisition-of-an-international"><i class="picto picto-login"></i> Sign-in</a></p> </div> <div class="cta-inscription-message"> <p>Access to this article is restricted to subscribers.</p> <h2 class="h2">Read one article for free</h2> <p>Sign-up to read this article for free and discover our services.</p> </div> <div class="ajax"> <div class="ajax formulaire_spip formulaire_inscription_article_gratuit"> <form method='post' 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class="item"><div class="entry auteur" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <strong class="entry-title"> <a href="en/authors/canadian-competition-bureau-84000" itemprop="url"> <span class='logo-img-wrapper spip_logo' style="width:50px;"><span class="img" style="display:block;position:relative;height:0;width:100%;padding-bottom:100%;overflow:hidden;background:url(local/cache-vignettes/L100xH100/auton84000-8f94f.png?1711359246) no-repeat center;background-size:100%;"> </span></span> <span itemprop="name" class="nom">Canadian Competition Authority</span></a> </strong> <div class="entry-content"> <span class='organisation' itemprop="worksFor" itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization">Canadian Competition Bureau (Gatineau)</span> </div> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="pays">Canada</span> <span class="articles"><em>119</em> contributions</span> <span class="visites"><em>16399</em> visits</span> </div> </div></li> </ul> </div> <div class="well citation"> <h2>Quotation</h2> <article class="entry article article-bulletin hentry"> <span class="authors">Canadian Competition Authority, </span> <span class="entry-title">The Canadian Competition Authority approves the acquisition of an international supplier and distributor of transportation fuels by an operator of branded fuel locations after reaching an agreement on the proposed acquisition <em>(Global Fuels / Greenergy)</em></span><span class="publication"><span class="sep">, </span> 25 October 2023</span><span class="rubrique"><span class="sep">, </span> e-Competitions October 2023, Art. N&deg; 115187</span> </article> </div> <div class="well stats"> <p><i class="picto picto-eye"></i> <b>Visits</b> <em class="number">57</em></p> </div> <div class="well issues"> <h2>All issues</h2> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/">Latest News issue&nbsp;<i class="picto picto-arrow-link"></i></a></li> <li>All News issues <span class="select"><select class="form-control" onchange="redirect_on_select_change.apply(this);"> <option value=""></option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/latest/">December 2024 - II </option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2024/">December 2024</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2024/">November 2024</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2024/">October 2024</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2024/">September 2024</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/august-2024/">August 2024</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2024/">July 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value="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2016/">November 2016</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2016/">October 2016</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2016/">September 2016</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/august-2016-1880/">August 2016</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2016/">July 2016</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2016/">June 2016</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2016/">May 2016</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2016/">April 2016</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2016/">March 2016</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-2016/">February 2016</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-2016/">January 2016</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2015/">December 2015</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2015/">November 2015</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2015/">October 2015</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2015/">September 2015</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/august-2015/">August 2015</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2015/">July 2015</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2015/">June 2015</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2015/">May 2015</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2015/">April 2015</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2015/">March 2015</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-2015/">February 2015</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-2015/">January 2015</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2014/">December 2014</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2014/">November 2014</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2014/">October 2014</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2014/">September 2014</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/august-2014/">August 2014</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2014/">July 2014</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2014/">June 2014</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2014/">May 2014</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2014/">April 2014</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2014/">March 2014</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-2014/">February 2014</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-2014/">January 2014</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2013/">December 2013</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2013/">November 2013</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2013/">October 2013</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2013/">September 2013</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/august-2013/">August 2013</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2013/">July 2013</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2013/">June 2013</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2013/">May 2013</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2013/">April 2013</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2013/">March 2013</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-2013/">February 2013</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-2013/">January 2013</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2012/">December 2012</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2012/">November 2012</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2012/">October 2012</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2012/">September 2012</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/august-2012/">August 2012</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2012/">July 2012</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2012/">June 2012</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2012/">May 2012</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2012/">April 2012</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2012/">March 2012</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-2012/">February 2012</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-2012/">January 2012</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2011/">December 2011</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2011/">November 2011</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2011/">October 2011</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2011/">September 2011</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/august-2011/">August 2011</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2011/">July 2011</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2011/">June 2011</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2011/">May 2011</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2011/">April 2011</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2011/">March 2011</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-2011/">February 2011</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-2011/">January 2011</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2010/">December 2010</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2010/">November 2010</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2010/">October 2010</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2010/">September 2010</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/august-2010/">August 2010</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2010/">July 2010</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2010/">June 2010</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2010/">May 2010</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2010/">April 2010</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2010/">March 2010</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-2010/">February 2010</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-2010/">January 2010</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2009/">December 2009</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2009/">November 2009</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2009/">October 2009</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2009/">September 2009</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/august-2009/">August 2009</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2009/">July 2009</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2009/">June 2009</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2009/">May 2009</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2009/">April 2009</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2009/">March 2009</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-2009/">February 2009</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-2009/">January 2009</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2008/">December 2008</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2008/">November 2008</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2008/">October 2008</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2008/">September 2008</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/august-2008/">August 2008</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2008/">July 2008</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2008/">June 2008</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2008/">May 2008</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2008/">April 2008</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2008/">March 2008</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-2008/">February 2008</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-2008/">January 2008</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2007/">December 2007</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2007/">November 2007</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2007/">October 2007</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2007/">September 2007</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/august-2007/">August 2007</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2007/">July 2007</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2007/">June 2007</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2007/">May 2007</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2007/">April 2007</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2007/">March 2007</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-2007/">February 2007</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-2007/">January 2007</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2006/">December 2006</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2006/">November 2006</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2006/">October 2006</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2006/">September 2006</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/august-2006/">August 2006</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2006/">July 2006</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2006/">June 2006</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2006/">May 2006</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2006/">April 2006</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2006/">March 2006</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-2006/">February 2006</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-2006/">January 2006</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2005/">December 2005</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2005/">November 2005</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2005/">October 2005</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2005/">September 2005</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/august-2005/">August 2005</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2005/">July 2005</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2005/">June 2005</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2005/">May 2005</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2005/">April 2005</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2005/">March 2005</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-2005/">February 2005</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-2005/">January 2005</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2004/">December 2004</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2004/">November 2004</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2004/">October 2004</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2004/">September 2004</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/august-2004/">August 2004</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2004/">July 2004</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2004/">June 2004</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2004/">May 2004</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2004/">April 2004</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2004/">March 2004</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-2004/">February 2004</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-2004/">January 2004</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2003/">December 2003</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/November-2003/">November 2003</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2003/">October 2003</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2003/">September 2003</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/august-2003/">August 2003</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2003/">July 2003</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2003/">June 2003</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2003/">May 2003</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2003/">April 2003</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2003/">March 2003</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-2003/">February 2003</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-2003/">January 2003</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2002-849/">December 2002</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2002/">November 2002</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2002/">October 2002</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2002/">September 2002</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/august-2002/">August 2002</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2002/">July 2002</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2002/">June 2002</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2002/">May 2002</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2002/">April 2002</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2002/">March 2002</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-2002/">February 2002</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-2002/">January 2002</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2001/">December 2001</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2001/">November 2001</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2001/">October 2001</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2001/">September 2001</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/august-2001/">August 2001</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2001/">July 2001</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2001/">June 2001</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2001/">May 2001</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2001/">April 2001</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2001/">March 2001</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-2001/">February 2001</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-2001/">January 2001 </option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-2000/">December 2000</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-2000/">November 2000</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2000/">October 2000</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2000/">September 2000</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/august-2000/">August 2000</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-2000/">July 2000</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2000/">June 2000</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-2000/">May 2000</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2000/">April 2000</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2000/">March 2000</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-2000/">February 2000</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-2000/">January 2000</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-1999/">December 1999</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-1999/">November 1999</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-1999/">October 1999</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-1999/">September 1999</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/august-1999/">August 1999</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-1999/">July 1999</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-1999/">June 1999</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-1999/">May 1999</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-1999/">April 1999</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-1999/">March 1999</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-1999/">February 1999</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-1999/">January 1999</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-1998/">December 1998</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-1998/">November 1998</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-1998/">October 1998</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-1998/">September 1998</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/august-1998/">August 1998</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-1998/">July 1998</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/June-1998/">June 1998</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-1998/">May 1998</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-1998/">April 1998</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-1998/">March 1998</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-1998/">February 1998</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-1998/">January 1998</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-1997/">December 1997</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-1997/">November 1997</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-1997/">October 1997</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-1997/">September 1997</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-1977/">September 1977</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/august-1997/">August 1997</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-1997/">July 1997</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-1997/">June 1997</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-1997/">May 1997</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-1997/">April 1997</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-1997/">March 1997</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-1997/">February 1997</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-1997/">January 1997</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-1996/">December 1996</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-1996/">November 1996</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-1996/">October 1996</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-1996/">September 1996</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/august-1996/">August 1996</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-1996/">July 1996</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-1996/">June 1996</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-1996/">May 1996</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-1996/">April 1996</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-1996/">March 1996</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-1996/">February 1996</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-1996/">January 1996</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-1995/">December 1995</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-1995/">November 1995</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-1995/">October 1995</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-1995/">September 1995</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/august-1995/">August 1995</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-1995/">July 1995</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-1995/">June 1995</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-1995/">May 1995</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-1995/">April 1995</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-1995/">March 1995</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/February-1995/">February 1995</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/January-1995/">January 1995</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-1994/">December 1994</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-1994/">November 1994</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-1994/">October 1994</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/September-1994/">September 1994</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/August-1994/">August 1994</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-1994/">July 1994</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-1994/">June 1994</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-1994/">May 1994</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/April-1994/">April 1994</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-1994/">March 1994</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/February-1994/">February 1994</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-1994/">January 1994</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-1993/">December 1993</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-1993/">November 1993</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/October-1993/">October 1993</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/September-1993/">September 1993</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/July-1993/">July 1993</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-1993/">June 1993</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-1993/">May 1993</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-1993/">April 1993</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-1993/">February 1993</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-1992/">December 1992</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/November-1992/">November 1992</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/September-1992/">September 1992</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-1992/">July 1992</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-1992/">June 1992</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/May-1992/">May 1992</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/April-1992/">April 1992</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-1992/">February 1992 </option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-1991/">December 1991</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/November-1991/">November 1991</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-1991/">October 1991</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-1991/">July 1991</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-1991/">June 1991 </option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-1991/">May 1991</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-1991/">April 1991</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-1991/">March 1991</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-1991/">February 1991</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-1991/">January 1991</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-1990/">December 1990</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/November-1990/">November 1990</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-1990/">October 1990</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-1990/">July 1990 </option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/May-1990/">May 1990</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/April-1990/">April 1990</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-1990/">March 1990</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-1990/">February 1990</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-1990/">January 1990</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-1989/">December 1989</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-1989/">October 1989 </option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-1989/">July 1989</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-1989/">April 1989</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/February-1989/">February 1989</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-1988/">October 1988</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-1988/">September 1988</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-1988/">July 1988</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-1988/">June 1988</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-1988/">May 1988</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-1988/">April 1988</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/March-1988/">March 1988</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-1987/">December 1987</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-1987/">November 1987</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-1987/">October 1987</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-1987/">July 1987</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-1987-en/">June 1987</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-1987/">May 1987</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-1986/">July 1986</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-1986/">November 1986</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-1986/">October 1986</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/April-1986/">April 1986</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-1986/">March 1986</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-1986/">February 1986</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-1986/">January 1986</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-1985/">December 1985</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-1985/">November 1985</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/October-1985/">October 1985</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-1985/">September 1985 </option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-1985/">July 1985</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-1985/">March 1985</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-1985/">January 1985</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-1984/">December 1984</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/august-1984/">August 1984</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/July-1984/">July 1984</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-1984/">June 1984</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-1984-4224/">March 1984</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-1984/">February 1984</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-1984/">January 1984</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-1983/">December 1983</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-1983/">November 1983</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-1983/">October 1983</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-1983/">July 1983</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-1982/">December 1982</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-1982/">October 1982</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/august-1982/">August 1982</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-1982/">June 1982</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-1982/">May 1982</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-1981/">December 1981</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-1981/">November 1981</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-1981/">October 1981</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-1981/">July 1981</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-1981/">June 1981</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-1981/">March 1981</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-1980/">December 1980</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-1980/">July 1980</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-1980/">June 1980</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-1980/">January 1980</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-1979/">October 1979</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-1979/">May 1979</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-1979-4206/">February 1979</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-1978/">June 1978</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-1978/">May 1978</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-1978/">April 1978</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-1978/">February 1978</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/December-1977/">December 1977</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-1977/">November 1977</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-1977/">October 1977</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-1977/">June 1977</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-1976/">June 1976</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-1975/">November 1975</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/may-1975/">May 1975</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-1974/">November 1974</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-1974/">October 1974</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-1974/">April 1974</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-1974/">March 1974</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-1974/">January 1974</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-1973/">December 1973</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-1973/">June 1973</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-1972/">October 1972</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-1972/">July 1972</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/december-1971/">December 1971</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/november-1971/">November 1971</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-1971/">June 1971 </option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-1971/">February 1971</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/july-1970/">July 1970</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/1969/">1969</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/1968/">1968</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/1967/">1967</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/1966/">1966</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/1964/">1964</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/1926/">1926</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/1919/">1919</option> <option value="en/bulletin/news-issues/1911/">1911</option> </select></span> </li> <li><a href="en/bulletin/special-issues/">Latest Special issue&nbsp;<i class="picto picto-arrow-link"></i></a></li> <li>All Special issues <span class="select"><select class="form-control" onchange="redirect_on_select_change.apply(this);"> <option value=""></option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/absolute-territorial-protection-en/'>Absolute territorial protection</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/agency-agreements/'>Agency agreements</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/agriculture-competition-law/'>Agriculture &amp; Competition Law</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/algorithms-competition/'>Algorithms &amp; Competition</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/amicus-curiae/'>Amicus curiae</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/anticompetitive-object-effect/'>Anticompetitive object/effect</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/arbitration-antitrust/'>Arbitration &amp; Antitrust</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/as-efficient-competitor-test/'>As Efficient Competitor test</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/automobile/'>Automobile</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/baltic-competition-law/'>Baltic Competition Law</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/behavioural-remedies-en/'>Behavioural remedies</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/belgium-and-competition-law-en/'>Belgian Competition Law</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/big-tech-dominance/'>Big Tech &amp; Dominance</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/block-exemption-regulations/'>Block exemption regulations</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/brazilian-antitrust/'>Brazilian Antitrust</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/burden-of-proof/'>Burden of proof</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/buyer-power-in-agreements-and-abuse-of-market-power-en/'>Buyer power in agreements and abuse of market power</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/buyer-power-in-mergers-en/'>Buyer power in mergers</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/cartel-settlements/'>Cartel settlements</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/cartels-cases-from-compendium-of-international-cartels/'>Cartels: Cases from "Compendium of International Cartels"</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/central-eastern-europe-competition-policy/'>Central &amp; Eastern Europe Competition Policy</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/china-anticompetitive-practices/'>China &amp; Anticompetitive practices</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/mergers-in-china/'>China &amp; Mergers</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/class-action-damages-claims/'>Class action &amp; Damages claims</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/class-actions/'>Class actions</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/collecting-societies/'>Collecting societies</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/collective-dominance/'>Collective dominance</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/commitment-decisions/'>Commitment Decisions</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/conglomerate-mergers/'>Conglomerate mergers</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/consumer-protection/'>Consumer protection</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/cooperation-between-national-competition-authorities/'>Cooperation between National Competition Authorities</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/competition-law-covid-19/'>COVID-19 &amp; Competition Law</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/criminal-sanctions/'>Criminal sanctions in antitrust</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/cases-from-compendium-of-antitrust-damages-actions/'>Damages: Cases from "Compendium of Antitrust Damages Actions"</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/dawn-raids/'>Dawn Raids</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/de-minimis/'>De minimis</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/digital-sector-antitrust/'>Digital Sector &amp; Antitrust</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/digital-sector-barriers-to-entry/'>Digital Sector &amp; Barriers to Entry</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/unilateral-practices-in-the-digital-market/'>Digital Sector &amp; Dominance</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/direct-effect/'>Direct effect</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/distribution-agreements-3914/'>Distribution agreements</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/dominance-monopolization-research-program/'>Dominance &amp; Monopolization Research Program</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/dominance-notion/'>Dominance (notion)</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/echr/'>ECHR</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/economic-assessment-of-damages/'>Economic assessment of damages</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/Effect-on-interstate-trade/'>Effect on interstate trade</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/energy-access-to-facilities/'>Energy &amp; Access to facilities</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/energy-anticompetitive-practices/'>Energy &amp; Anticompetitive practices</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/energy-dominance/'>Energy &amp; Dominance</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/energy-mergers/'>Energy &amp; Mergers</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/energy-regulated-prices/'>Energy &amp; Regulated prices</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/energy-state-aid/'>Energy &amp; State aid</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/eu-competition-law/'>EU Competition Law</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/eu-resale-price-maintenance/'>EU Resale Price Maintenance</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/excessive-prices/'>Excessive prices</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/exchange-of-information/'>Exchange of information</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/exchange-of-information-in-associations-of-undertakings/'>Exchange of information in associations of undertakings</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/exclusive-distribution/'>Exclusive distribution</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/exclusive-rights-art-106-tfeu-en/'>Exclusive rights (Art. 106 TFEU)</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/extraterritoriality/'>Extraterritoriality</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/failing-firm-defence-en/'>Failing firm defence</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/financial-crisis/'>Financial crisis</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/financial-sector-anticompetitive-practices/'>Financial Sector &amp; Anticompetitive Practices</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/financial-services/'>Financial services</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/fines-mitigation/'>Fines mitigation</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/foreign-direct-investment/'>Foreign Direct Investment</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/foreign-subsidies/'>Foreign Subsidies</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/franchising/'>Franchising</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/german-private-enforcement/'>German Private Enforcement</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/gun-jumping/'>Gun jumping</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/healthcare/'>Healthcare</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/hong-kong-competition-law/'>Hong Kong Competition Law</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/indian-competition-law/'>Indian Competition Law</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/indian-competition-law-in-the-digital-markets-en/'>Indian Competition Law in the Digital Markets</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/institutions-competition-law/'>Institutional design in competition law</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/insular-economies-research-program/'>Insular Economies Research Program</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/insurance/'>Insurance</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/intellectual-property/'>Intellectual property</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/interim-measures/'>Interim measures</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/internet-antitrust/'>Internet &amp; Antitrust</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/it-dominance/'>IT &amp; Dominance</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/it-mergers/'>IT &amp; Mergers</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/italy-covid-19/'>Italy &amp; COVID-19</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/japan-antitrust-en/'>Japanese Antitrust</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/judicial-review/'>Judicial review</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/judicial-review-anticompetitive-agreements/'>Judicial review &amp; Anticompetitive agreements</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/judicial-review-unilateral-practices/'>Judicial Review &amp; Unilateral Practices</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/legal-privilege/'>Legal privilege</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/leniency/'>Leniency</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/licensing-agreements/'>Licensing agreements</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/margin-squeeze/'>Margin squeeze</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/market-definition/'>Market definition</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/market-definition-in-mergers/'>Market definition in mergers</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/market-definition-in-the-digital-economy/'>Market definition in the digital economy</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/market-sharing/'>Market Sharing</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/Media/'>Media</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/merger-remedies/'>Merger Remedies</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/mergers-acquisitions-in-online-platforms-en/'>Mergers &amp; Acquisitions in online platforms</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/mergers-coordinated-effects/'>Mergers &amp; Coordinated effects</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/mergers-covid-19/'>Mergers &amp; Covid-19</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/mergers-joint-ventures/'>Mergers &amp; Joint ventures</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/mergers-judicial-review/'>Mergers &amp; Judicial review</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/mergers-media/'>Mergers &amp; Media</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/mergers-in-big-tech/'>Mergers in Big Tech</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/mergers-in-latin-america/'>Mergers in Latin America</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/mfc-clause/'>MFC clause</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/middle-east-north-africa-competition-law/'>Middle East &amp; North Africa Competition Law</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/minority-shareholdings-en/'>Minority Shareholdings</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/no-poach-agreements/'>No-poach agreements</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/nordic-competition-law/'>Nordic Competition Law</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/nullity-voidness/'>Nullity/Voidness</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/parallel-imports/'>Parallel imports</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/parallel-trade-in-pharma/'>Parallel trade in pharma</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/patent-settlements/'>Patent Settlements</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/pay-for-delay-agreements/'>Pay-for-delay agreements</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/pharma-anticompetitive-practices/'>Pharma &amp; Anticompetitive practices</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/competition-in-the-pharmaceutical-sector/'>Pharma &amp; Competition law</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/pharma-covid-19/'>Pharma &amp; COVID-19</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/pharma-dominance/'>Pharma &amp; Dominance</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/pharma-mergers/'>Pharma &amp; Mergers</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/phase-ii-mergers/'>Phase II Mergers</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/platforms/'>Platforms</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/postal-services/'>Postal services</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/preliminary-ruling-art-267-tfeu/'>Preliminary ruling (Art. 267 TFEU)</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/price-abuses/'>Price abuses</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/privacy-antitrust-research-program/'>Privacy &amp; Antitrust Research Program</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/private-enforcement-1850/'>Private enforcement</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/prohibited-mergers/'>Prohibited mergers</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/public-procurement/'>Public procurement</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/real-estate-antitrust-law/'>Real Estate &amp; Antitrust Law </option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/rebates/'>Rebates</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/remedies-for-unilateral-conduct/'>Remedies for unilateral conduct</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/rights-of-defence/'>Rights of Defence</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/selective-distribution/'>Selective Distribution</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/sgei-and-competition-law/'>SGEI &amp; Competition Law</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/sports-competition-law/'>Sports &amp; Competition Law</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/standard-essential-patents/'>Standard Essential Patents</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/standard-settings/'>Standard settings</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/state-aid-covid-19/'>State aid &amp; Covid-19</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/state-aid-national-enforcement/'>State aid &amp; National enforcement</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/state-aid-and-privatisation/'>State aid &amp; Privatisation</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/state-aid-public-procurement/'>State aid &amp; Public procurement</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/state-aid-sustainability-4453/'>State aid &amp; Sustainability</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/state-aid-taxation/'>State aid &amp; Taxation</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/state-aid-and-service-of-general-economic-interest/'>State aid and Service of General Economic Interest</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/state-aid-in-financial-services/'>State aid in financial services</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/state-aid-in-the-postal-sector/'>State aid in the postal sector</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/state-aid-in-the-transport-sector/'>State aid in the transport sector</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/state-aid-judicial-review/'>State aid judicial review</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/state-aid-schemes-en/'>State aid schemes</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/state-intervention/'>State intervention</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/sustainability-competition-policy/'>Sustainability &amp; Competition policy</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/tax-rulings/'>Tax rulings</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/telecom-access-to-facilities/'>Telecom &amp; Access to facilities</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/telecom-concerted-practices-en/'>Telecom &amp; Concerted practices</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/telecom-dominance/'>Telecom &amp; Dominance</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/telecom-mergers/'>Telecom &amp; Mergers</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/telecom-networks-5g/'>Telecom Networks &amp; 5G</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/transport-access-to-facilities/'>Transport &amp; Access to facilities</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/transport-maritime/'>Transport (maritime)</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/transport-rail/'>Transport (rail)</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/transport-road/'>Transport (road)</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/trustees-in-mergers/'>Trustees in Mergers</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/turkish-antitrust/'>Turkish Antitrust</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/tying/'>Tying</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/uk-covid-19/'>UK &amp; Covid-19</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/uk-class-actions/'>UK Class actions</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/uk-competition-law-digital-markets/'>UK Competition law &amp; Digital markets</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/us-bid-rigging/'>US Bid Rigging</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/us-competition-regulation/'>US Competition Regulation</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/us-hospital-mergers/'>US Hospital Mergers</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/us-merger-remedies/'>US Merger remedies</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/us-mergers-in-it/'>US Mergers in IT</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/us-pharmaceutical-sector-en/'>US Pharmaceutical sector</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/us-private-enforcement/'>US Private Enforcement</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/us-resale-price-maintenance/'>US Resale Price Maintenance</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/us-sports/'>US Sports</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/us-supreme-court/'>US Supreme Court</option> <option value='en/bulletin/special-issues/utilities-cartels/'>Utilities 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<header class="preview__header"> <span itemprop="name" class="preview__heading crayon article-titre-122463 "> <a itemprop="url" class="url" href="en/events/the-antitrust-in-developing-emerging-economies-122463"> The Antitrust in Developing &amp; Emerging Economies </a> </span> </header> <div class="preview__img"> <picture class="adapt-img-wrapper c3664347900 png" style="background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgNzUwIDQ1NiIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayI+CjxmaWx0ZXIgaWQ9ImJsdXIiPjxmZUdhdXNzaWFuQmx1ciBzdGREZXZpYXRpb249IjcuNSA3LjUiIC8+PC9maWx0ZXI+CjxpbWFnZSBmaWx0ZXI9InVybCgjYmx1cikiIHdpZHRoPSI3NTAiIGhlaWdodD0iNDU2IiB4bGluazpocmVmPSJkYXRhOmltYWdlL3dlYnA7YmFzZTY0LFVrbEdScm9GQUFCWFJVSlFWbEE0SUs0RkFBQndIQUNkQVNwckFFRUFQcFZFbVVxbG82SWhxVE03Z0xBU2lXa0FGdGVzNDhVM003Q2p4eDJqL1hTTjdzZ2ZWZVp2MSs2TFBCUGtJOUhqUWM5YzhERHlnR0k2emVKdDBmMUJ3ZlZaS0JJS0pDK1JJRXlmZ0hnNnJyemQ4R3pyV25SQ2lRbXI4L2NhVFBLR1I3ZGQ2ZFpIcDRjY0duMnJXTUZRNHQ4OGhaTVNFWElQNWl0Y2hXSlRSZ1BadHlpODlFNUNFZkpRRFJSWGZzZ3R2UXhNU24vZUd3NGlhU2VJa3Z2RmpPSFdhNk82elMzTmFMeHF1ZzJTTmZnaXNCS2pNVC82Wi9IOUxTTWRiNm1sODZ6c2svN1dsR3VEQmdtK0VwdU12Nk5WTFArdHQ5MG8wa2d6NUM2SlNHOE9BQUQrLzhBaVZodG12bldvYXkyZ1QvUTZ6YTNqdFhpblEvOWJ6Mi9UZFZSVUpPbytVdjJZWXBXaHhIUEw3Sll0aXpNMXRRWlU3NmVsSmVlM1VCaGJxbHJLWE81K2RncFhMTUhzcGRkMS9hOGVLeklpMXFscDNiSmkwU3pPeFN6OU5ZNDE0NVNkNVZaRmpnYlhzeFFLaDlZSjJRTEozM2NKN1hJdTRubjI5TVBOeFJRUjR2ek92a3NjeXZBLy9HdlF3cUNXYjc1Q2VSZFhNK0dDdWNDeVBmekFJQUFXN3NkM1daU3pwRUhEeVJhb21Gb0hQNmZkdXdueC92UTdiRDhsalBodUN4Wm5ucGRpVjlaV09pd2RYakF1V2pHRTU3YzJoYXFveXlrTUo1aEJBa0MyUXZsUnFkRXM4UzYrTUY5R1Y5UzFSdlpKSnlkdllwWXFSS0tRS3RJckE5T3oyb3R6RHhpZTkwWXpQdkdvMXZmRytxd2d3Q2sweCtOOUl3S2xua2k1UnFZTEk3U3ZzOUJHTjRaeGFTVWZTQnF5cUhZU2NKUVRCT1BHVHhtOHB4UFlPVFg1dzNreXpNQ2J1alFHMGoyRWx6dDIxaUxGWDNGL3UraUJ6MDlRc2djZ0M4MEpibFVXUkJuOEt3L2hLRFBSVlh1eGgybzFyNjdXdnA4YkQ1M3hmUXZxTldMRWJZbzNXN2VUbGxCTlV5S295ZTRkT3R1SVprODNUaHU0b3hKeWYwYjZldjJTempSM1QzNDFjQ21aUXZHZFlnSmFZbCtXK3dZMWFrUWMvOGgyR050dGRHOTMwSW5jMno1NWgvSDE2RVVXZXF6NUNVbXBaNnc0bmFYY04rdW1HTUZkd2FLcVhlczFiNmFQSnJyQ2g0UkIwbFlHTUdIczJRNDZmUUdFdUxra2d4ZVRqRkZsSFFXbGJmS2FGT3F6UmVvNG9XM1ZkaUlsT0thY2lydmdEdEJoclF1WWVMTGZ4eHJzQkZRRDdhMk0xSmQ1Umlrd3FqM1QvRDYyTlliN1kyaWhUR2xWS0grVzduNVFlWTZIbHVRZ3gzQUZaOTM0ODcrZUtQRGRuYVRjNGNBTHR3V3FkaE1WNlNaSnF0T01HVmgxY2R5aDFFazRvUkFmMitweU56cGljV0Z3UmVLdlNSRkE0bk15dmhYbi9MWVZjRVdzUUdmeU9pSVA5RW1JcmlqSlVRbkV1MFYvRzU0bDFiSjY2KyswVUxxZHdBRDZkcUticzFNWlZIaTlCc2Rkbk1MOFZwL3FoU0Uwa0xTUXJiM3pxUW4rYzkwdmxEYUxHQkoxdVBDcUR2TzBEZFRoTnFLcTQrUUJVcGJOUituU2hqNWUxSm56ODk3aUV1dU4vSnZQcHJjeXFMZUhpTWZyLy9CMUlXL2NXUjV2S2ltaGRIbk1ydmV3Q25QUWhaNlJsNEFKLzNMZHA5ZHNEU0pLcXZEOTVLT29iN2NyMG9mbVZDQUZxK0NIWnpFbk1xcFNsbHdVM0tYZk55czlPZWoreTNleGpheVhxTzQ1bkpQN3ArS2dKc2g1Qi9RTnpnQ2RRZTZIbGpLMTlIaWZBcEtoWXdmUk96UmhrdnpvOWJoZ1VLWForenVtMU5FbUhxdnJSTk9OcFMzMnZNV0ZENjJmMFgxWUZrWkE2TGQwcVRqdExuVjBwSDI1bys0Rm5icy96c282eEpCbC9yVGJxNGVnQ3dyODF1R2k0T2xwVU5pbmR1dDI5VjVOcU1DS1dlR1h5ajJEeVVkTHpGc0x3YktCNDlQWFRrUWVYbC9WcTVyZXdYQ1lGK3p6UHFoQWsyUFdaMjNDbGF1WVZ6VDRrdkNqVUlNeW5JRjloQXZKU2xuYzh4RjRTVVpXMStrTjZuVndGV2hnTW1XSSswUGxFVE4wOFlnNC8zNFpFQmNQQjd2NndwTTZwVUtZNGwvbGthRE9HRU1lUnFOemJoeG1RMUhTY3JqcW9nVCtydi8vSmdvakdUN1F0aFI4Ky9EamFDcGpTdkdUb3AxNEIydkZ2eDBiQzZidEF1RUVWR3JvNVdQK01XOG9pNytldGNoWWdrOEEyM3FNVDJiQ0VZU2wvUWJtTWlyQ2xuYm5qVlMwVmJ4ZGlDTW9kWUNTeGNkSEF1NjZTelA2TnlDTkZNMkpJQUFBQUE9PSIgcHJlc2VydmVBc3BlY3RSYXRpbz0ibm9uZSIvPjwvc3ZnPg==)"> 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class="preview__metas"> <time class="preview__meta preview__meta_date date" datetime="2024-12-11 11:00:00"> <span class="date"><span class="dm"><span class="d">11 </span><span class="m">Dec</span></span><span class="y"> 2024</span></span> </time> <meta itemprop="startDate" value="2024-12-11T10:00:00Z"> <meta itemprop="endDate" value="2024-12-11T12:00:00Z"> <span class="preview__meta preview__meta_location" itemprop="location">Webinar</span> </div> <div class="preview__content"> <a href="en/events/the-antitrust-in-developing-emerging-economies-122463" class="view-more view-more_doc"><i class="idc-icon idc-icon_file"></i> See documents</a> </div> <div class="preview__extra"> <ul class="authors"> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/harry-first" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Harry First<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/auteurs/willard-mwemba" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Willard Mwemba<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/auteurs/hemangini-dadwal" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Hemangini Dadwal<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/frederic-jenny" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Frédéric Jenny<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/tembinkosi-bonakele" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Tembinkosi Bonakele<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/auteurs/marcelo-procopio-calliari" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Marcelo Calliari<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/dennis-davis" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Dennis Davis<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/eleanor-m-fox" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Eleanor M. Fox<span class="sep"> & </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/simon-roberts" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Simon Roberts</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </article> </li> <li class="list__item"> <article class="preview preview_event preview_event_article preview_event_simple-alt" id="evenement_6752" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Event" > <header class="preview__header"> <span itemprop="name" class="preview__heading crayon article-titre-122413 "> <a itemprop="url" class="url" href="en/events/dinner-with-giuseppe-colangelo-on-competition-in-mobile-ecosystems"> Dinner with Giuseppe Colangelo on "Competition in Mobile Ecosystems" </a> </span> </header> <div class="preview__img"> <picture class="adapt-img-wrapper c3853648780 jpg" 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local/adapt-img/750/10x/local/cache-vignettes/L750xH500/concurrences_091224-67-017fd.jpg?1733843924 750w' sizes='(min-width: 960px) 960px, 100vw' /></picture> </div> <div class="preview__metas"> <time class="preview__meta preview__meta_date date" datetime="2024-12-09 18:00:00"> <span class="date"><span class="dm"><span class="d">9 </span><span class="m">Dec</span></span><span class="y"> 2024</span></span> </time> <meta itemprop="startDate" value="2024-12-09T17:00:00Z"> <meta itemprop="endDate" value="2024-12-09T21:00:00Z"> <span class="preview__meta preview__meta_location" itemprop="location">Helsinki</span> </div> <div class="preview__content"> <a href="en/events/dinner-with-giuseppe-colangelo-on-competition-in-mobile-ecosystems" class="view-more view-more_doc"><i class="idc-icon idc-icon_file"></i> See documents</a> </div> <div class="preview__extra"> <ul class="authors"> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/auteurs/giuseppe-colangelo" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Giuseppe Colangelo</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </article> </li> <li class="list__item"> <article class="preview preview_event preview_event_article preview_event_simple-alt" id="evenement_6676" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Event" > <header class="preview__header"> <span itemprop="name" class="preview__heading crayon article-titre-121997 "> <a itemprop="url" class="url" href="en/events/global-merger-control-conference-121997"> Global Merger Control Conference </a> </span> </header> <div class="preview__img"> <picture class="adapt-img-wrapper c2149022285 jpg" 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class="preview__metas"> <time class="preview__meta preview__meta_date date" datetime="2024-12-06 08:00:00"> <span class="date"><span class="dm"><span class="d">6 </span><span class="m">Dec</span></span><span class="y"> 2024</span></span> </time> <meta itemprop="startDate" value="2024-12-06T07:00:00Z"> <meta itemprop="endDate" value="2024-12-06T12:00:00Z"> <span class="preview__meta preview__meta_location" itemprop="location">Paris</span> </div> <div class="preview__content"> <a href="en/events/global-merger-control-conference-121997" class="view-more view-more_doc"><i class="idc-icon idc-icon_file"></i> See documents</a> </div> <div class="preview__extra"> <ul class="authors"> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/melanie-thill-tayara" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Mélanie Thill-Tayara<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/guillaume-loriot" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Guillaume Loriot<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/laurent-flochel" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Laurent Flochel<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/auteurs/barbara-ernst" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Barbara Ernst<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/martijn-snoep" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Martijn Snoep<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/stanislas-martin" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Stanislas Martin<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/auteurs/jonn-umich-edu" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Jon J. Nathan<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/auteurs/marion-provost-75425" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Marion Provost<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/rani-a-habash" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Rani A. Habash<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/auteurs/marc-zedler" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Marc Zedler<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/marianela-lopez-galdos" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Marianela López-Galdos<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/andrea-appella" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Andrea Appella<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/nicholas-banasevic-2223" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Nicholas Banasevic<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/laurence-bary" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Laurence Bary<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/tero-louko" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Tero Louko<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/dorian-beauchene" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Dorian Beauchêne<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/douglas-lahnborg" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Douglas Lahnborg<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/sarah-chikh" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Sarah Chikh<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/karima-el-sammaa" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Karima El Sammaa<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/auteurs/celine-darrigade" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Celine Darrigade<span class="sep">, </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/auteurs/besma-boumaza" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Besma Boumaza<span class="sep"> & </span></span> </a> </li> <li class="authors__item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a href="en/authors/nils-wahl" itemprop="url" class="authors__link"> <span itemprop="name" class="authors__name">Nils Wahl</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </article> </li> <li class="list__item"> <article class="preview preview_event preview_event_article preview_event_simple-alt" id="evenement_6739" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Event" > <header class="preview__header"> <span itemprop="name" class="preview__heading crayon article-titre-122327 "> <a itemprop="url" class="url" href="en/events/reception-in-honour-of-frederic-jenny-benoit-coeure"> Reception in Honour of Frédéric Jenny &amp; Benoît Coeuré </a> </span> </header> <div class="preview__img"> <picture class="adapt-img-wrapper c3515090293 jpg" style="background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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)"> 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