Manifestos and education - Newspaper

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height: 1px; overflow:hidden; position: absolute; white-space: nowrap; width: 1px;">Facebook Count</span><span data-fb-count-url="https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1391176"><span class="count"></span></span></a> </div> <div class="social social--icon social--black social--flat social--twitter float-left mr-1 my-2 "> <a onclick="return !window.open(this.href, 'Tweet', 'width=640, height=300')" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180224062147/https://twitter.com/share?text=Manifestos%20and%20education&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1391176&counturl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1391176" target="_blank"><span style="clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; overflow:hidden; position: absolute; white-space: nowrap; width: 1px;">Twitter Share</span></a> </div> <div class="social hidden-xs-down social--print social--icon social--black social--flat float-left mr-1 my-2"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180224062147/https://www.dawn.com/news/print/1391176">   </a> </div> <div class="social social--email social--icon social--black social--flat float-left mr-1 my-2"> <a onclick="$('.mailer [name^=id]').val(1391176);$('.mailer').modal().open()" href="javascript:void(0)"></a> </div> <div class="mailer themodal themodal--centered" style="width:400px;height:260px;background:#fff"> <h3>Email</h3> <br/> <form accept-charset="utf-8" class="form-vertical emailer" onsubmit="javascript:$.post(this.action, $(this).serialize());$(this).html('Mail sent, thank you!');return false;" method="POST" action="https://web.archive.org/web/20180224062147/https://www.dawn.com/news/email/1391176"><input class="form-control" type="hidden" name="jscheck" value=""><div class="form-group"><label for="sender" class="control-label">Your Name</label><input class="form-control" id="sender-2" type="text" name="sender"></div><div class="form-group"><label for="to" class="control-label">Recipient Email</label><input class="form-control" id="to-2" type="text" name="to"></div><input class="form-control" type="hidden" name="id" value=""><input class="btn mt-2" type="submit" value="Email"><input class="form-control" type="hidden" name="_token" value=""></form> </div> <div class="social social--comment social--icon social--black social--flat social--label text--700 float-left mr-1 my-2"> <a href="#comments">2</a> </div></div> </div>   <div class="template__main clearfix modifier--open px-1 modifier--widedefault modifier--quote-center-narrow">   <div class="story__content pt-1 mt-1"><div style="display: none"></div><figure class="media one-third palm--one-whole media--right "> <div class="media__item "><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180224062147im_/https://i.dawn.com/primary/2018/02/5a8f7b6a47fc9.jpg" alt="The writer is a senior research fellow at the Institute of Development and Economic Alternatives and an associate professor of economics at Lums, Lahore."/></div> <figcaption class="media__caption ">The writer is a senior research fellow at the Institute of Development and Economic Alternatives and an associate professor of economics at Lums, Lahore.</figcaption> </figure> <p> </p><p class="">QUITE soon, political parties will, hopefully, start thinking of their manifestos and the key messages they want to send to their voters ie what the parties stand for, and what they would like to achieve if they are elected and brought to power. Education, as per history and tradition, will get some space in their manifestos. </p><p class="">Article 25-A, the right to education for all five- to 16-year-olds in the country, was added to the basic rights section of the Constitution in 2010 as part of the 18th Amendment, but eight years later we have still not done the basic work needed for implementing 25-A. Maybe, political parties should think about committing to the implementation of 25-A in letter and spirit if they win and come to power.</p><p class="">Traditionally, whenever education has been mentioned in manifestos, it has usually been done so with reference to a) increasing education financing to a certain percentage of GDP, b) curriculum reform, c) role of national language and medium of instruction, d) multiple examination systems and the need (or not) to introduce uniformity, and so on. </p><blockquote> <p class="">A key priority needs to be planning for the implementation of Article 25-A.</p></blockquote> <p class="">All of these are indeed important issues and should be focused on. But what is missing from the discussion is an overall frame in which these issues, and others, need to be embedded. Without a framework, conceptual as well as practical, it is almost impossible to see how we can set targets for ourselves, measure performance and see if promises have been kept or not.</p><p class="">As we are coming closer to the elections, parties have started ‘celebrating’ what they have accomplished in various areas, including education. The three main parties, in power, in the bigger provinces, are telling us that they have raised education budgets a lot, have increased teacher salaries and grades, have improved teacher recruitment and deployment policies, have provided a lot of infrastructure facilities, and have improved examinations and even the curricula. </p><p class="">In addition, scholarships have been given, laptops and tablets distributed, nutrition and transport programmes piloted. Think of a possible reform, and these provinces have tried and/or implemented them. And there are some results that can be seen as well — enrolments at the primary level have responded a little. The evidence vis-à-vis learning outcomes is not clear though.</p><p class="">But if one were to ask if any provincial government thought through how it is going to implement Article 25-A (and in what time frame), the answer would be a big fat ‘no’. </p><p class="">Compulsory education laws have been passed in some places and drafted in others. But that has been more or less the extent of the progress made. The rules of business and regulations needed for implementation of compulsory education laws have not been made and/or have certainly not been implemented. </p><p class="">None of the provinces have conducted a serious exercise to ascertain what it would take, in terms of financial and human resources and the time frame, to be able to implement Article 25-A. Given that 25-A is in the basic rights section of the Constitution and is the responsibility of the state (“The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of five to 16 years…”), should it not be one of the foremost responsibilities of provincial governments to work on actionable plans for implementing 25-A? If education efforts, by parties, are serious, how do we reconcile these with the almost complete ignoring of 25-A?</p><p class="">Out of 37,000 primary schools in Punjab, more than half are still two-room schools. Punjab has only 15,000-odd middle and high schools in the province. There are still areas that do not have any high school for girls for miles. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa still has districts that do not have a single high school for girls. The situation in interior Sindh is no different. Learning outcomes, across Pakistan, leaving aside the small high-fee private school sector, are generally very poor.</p><p class="">As parties start thinking about manifestos for the next election, a key priority needs to be planning for the implementation of Article 25-A. </p><p class="">Simple messages of doubling education budgets or even quadrupling them will not do. Promises of universal education, without costing and implementation strategies/plans will just be ‘cheap talk’. Promises of a uniform schooling system for all, when 40 per cent of the enrolled children attend private schools and millions of children are still out of schools, mean nothing. Promises about language, when the state has no effective control over what is going on in the education sector, are mere aspirations.</p><p class="">Political parties need to do much more than what they have been doing so far. They need to do some solid work before they talk of education in their manifestos, if they are serious about the sector. But if the idea is to string along voters, as has been the case in the past, vague promises might still do.</p><p class="">Will any party be brave enough to promise that they will be able to implement Article 25-A fully in the next five years? Or even get there halfway? This would, indeed, be a real promise that could be monitored and followed up on. We would be able to see how many five- to 16-year-olds are in schools, and we would be able to monitor, through the many examinations we now conduct, how well or poorly the children are learning. </p><p class="">Manifestos of political parties, to date, have tended to talk in general terms, especially when it comes to education Post 18th Amendment, given the inclusion of 25-A in the basic rights section, and the devolution of education to the provincial level, general promises are of little or no help in gauging the commitment of a particular party towards education. </p><p class="">We have a very concrete goal that is now enshrined in the Constitution of the country. Will political parties, this time, care to state their commitment to education in clear and unambiguous terms? </p><p class=""><em>The writer is a senior research fellow at the Institute of Development and Economic Alternatives and an associate professor of economics at Lums, Lahore.</em></p><p class=""><em>Published in Dawn, February 23rd, 2018</em></p> </div> </div>   <div class="template__footer clearfix modifier--open px-1"> <div class="row no-gutters"> <div class="col-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1"> <div class="row no-gutters"> <div class="col-12 col-sm-11"> <div class="ml-0 ml-sm-6 px-0 px-sm-2"> <hr> <div class="row no-gutters"> <div class="col-12 col-sm-6"> </div> <div class="col-12 col-sm-6"> <div class="mt-2 mt-sm-0 clearfix social-container">  <div class="social social--icon social--black social--flat social--facebook social--count float-left mr-1 "> <a onclick="return !window.open(this.href, 'Share on Facebook', 'width=640, height=536')" 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<div class="border--top border--thick border--black"> <section id="comments" class="comments px-0 col-sm-10 col-12"> <h1 class="comments__label text--700">Comments (2) </h1> <form accept-charset="utf-8" class="form-vertical comments-form jsform mb-4" id="comments-form" method="POST" action="https://web.archive.org/web/20180224062147/https://www.dawn.com/comments"><input class="form-control jscheck" type="hidden" name="jscheck" value=""><input class="form-control" type="hidden" name="story_id" value="1391176"> <div class="info"></div> <div class="row no-gutters"> <div class="col-6"> <div class="pt-2"> <input class="form-control text-input col-12" placeholder="Name" required id="name" type="text" name="name"> </div> </div> <div class="col-6"> <div class="pt-2"> <input class="form-control text-input col-12" placeholder="Email" required id="email" type="text" name="email"> </div> </div></div> <div class="row d-none"> <div class="col-6"> <div class="mr-4 mb-4"> <div 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<button type="button" class="button js-comments-sort-votes float-right">Popular</button> <button type="button" class="button js-comments-sort-date--new float-right">Newest</button> <button type="button" disabled="disabled" class="button js-comments-sort-date float-right">Oldest</button> </div> <div class="comment pb-4 mb-4 border--bottom" id="5741232" data-id="1"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-11"> <div class="comment__author float-left">Syed Anjum Ali</div> <div class="timeago comment__date" title="2018-02-23T13:35:14+05:00"><span class="timestamp--time timeago" title="2018-02-23T13:35:14+05:00">Feb 23, 2018 01:35pm</span></div> <div class="comment__body mt-2 size-four clearfix"><p>Interesting article. However I personally believe the essential problem does lie with priorities - until we cut down drastically on defence and other useless non-developmental expenditures and make education and health our top priorities along with economic income generation, nothing will change. Everything else is secondary .</p> </div> <div class=""> <input type="button" value="Reply" data-name="Syed Anjum Ali" class="button button--short mr-2 comment__reply"/> <div class="button button--social" title="Recommend this comment">  <span class="button__label votejs__cast" data-vote-key="1391176/up-5741232">Recommend</span> <span class="button__count votejs__count" data-vote-key="1391176/up-5741232">0</span>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="comment pb-4 mb-4 border--bottom" id="5742009" data-id="2"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-11"> <div class="comment__author float-left">Abid Gill </div> <div class="timeago comment__date" title="2018-02-23T17:50:46+05:00"><span class="timestamp--time timeago" title="2018-02-23T17:50:46+05:00">Feb 23, 2018 05:50pm</span></div> <div class="comment__body mt-2 size-four clearfix"><p>This is excellent and very timely article We (advocate of education) need to work closely with political parties and need to assist them to include clear commitment and strategy for the implementation of compulsory education act in their manifesto.</p> </div> <div class=""> <input type="button" value="Reply" data-name="Abid Gill " class="button button--short mr-2 comment__reply"/> <div class="button button--social" title="Recommend this comment">  <span class="button__label votejs__cast" data-vote-key="1391176/up-5742009">Recommend</span> <span class="button__count votejs__count" data-vote-key="1391176/up-5742009">0</span>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  </section> </div> </div> </div>  </article> </div> </div> </main> <aside class="pb-4 ">  <section class="widget theme widget-adsense modifywidget-border-off modifywidget-transparent" data-type="adsense" data-id="1220"> <div class="widget__header"> <h2 class="widget__title modifywidget-title-off"><span>Desk Mrec Top</span></h2> </div> <div class="widget__main ">   <div class="ad " aria-hidden="true"> <div class="ad__label " style="max-width:300px;">Advertisement</div> <div 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class="story__excerpt size-three font--georgia ">One yearns for the good old days when courts avoided passing judgement on cases of an overtly political nature. </div> </article>  </div> </div><div class="clear--both"> </div></div> <div class=" slideshow--list slideshow--mustread col-sm-8 col-12 float-left mt-2"> <div class="clear--both"> <div class="slideshow--row__item active pr-0 pr-sm-2 mb-2 lap-and-up-border--right palm-border--bottom equalize float-left" data-id="0" style="float:left;width:24%;margin-right:1.3333333333333%;">  <article class="box story mt-1 mb-1 mb-sm-2 mt-sm-0 pt-0 pb-1 pb-sm-2 pt-1 pt-sm-0 pr-0" data-id="1391403" data-layout="story">  <figure class="media media--focus media--stretch col-sm-12 col-3 mr-sm-0 mr-2 float-sm-none px-0 "> <div class="media__item media__item--100 "><a title="" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180224062147/https://www.dawn.com/news/1391403/elections-2018-there-are-parallels-to-be-drawn-between-now-and-2013"><img 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media--focus media--stretch col-sm-12 col-3 mr-sm-0 mr-2 float-sm-none px-0 "> <div class="media__item media__item--100 "><a title="" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180224062147/https://www.dawn.com/news/1390408/pakistan-deserves-international-support-not-a-place-on-the-fatf-grey-list"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180224062147im_/https://i.dawn.com/medium/2018/02/5a8fe54a8fd0f.jpg" alt="Pakistan deserves international support, not a place on the FATF grey-list"/></a></div> </figure>  <h2 data-layout="story" data-id="1390408" class="story__title font--playfair-display py-0 "><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180224062147/https://www.dawn.com/news/1390408/pakistan-deserves-international-support-not-a-place-on-the-fatf-grey-list" class="story__link">Pakistan deserves international support, not a place on the FATF grey-list</a></h2> <div class=" mt-1 "><span class="story__byline size-three text--black "><a 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title="" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180224062147/https://www.dawn.com/news/1391387/disqualification"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180224062147im_/https://i.dawn.com/medium/2018/02/5a90be616e6a1.jpg" alt="Disqualification"/></a></div> </figure>  <h2 data-layout="story" data-id="1391387" class="story__title font--playfair-display py-0 "><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180224062147/https://www.dawn.com/news/1391387/disqualification" class="story__link">Disqualification</a></h2> <div class=" mt-1 "><span class="story__byline size-three text--black "><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180224062147/https://www.dawn.com/authors/1277/a-g-noorani">A.G. 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src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180224062147im_/https://i.dawn.com/medium/2018/02/5a90bdb0ea5ec.jpg" alt="Securing the nation"/></a></div> </figure>  <h2 data-layout="story" data-id="1391385" class="story__title font--playfair-display py-0 "><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180224062147/https://www.dawn.com/news/1391385/securing-the-nation" class="story__link">Securing the nation</a></h2> <div class=" mt-1 "><span class="story__byline size-three text--black "><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180224062147/https://www.dawn.com/authors/933/tariq-khosa">Tariq Khosa</a></span> </div></article>  </div> <div class="slideshow--row__item pr-0 pr-sm-2 mb-2 lap-and-up-border--right palm-border--bottom equalize float-left" data-id="3" style="float:left;width:24%;">  <article class="box story mt-1 mb-1 mb-sm-2 mt-sm-0 pt-0 pb-1 pb-sm-2 pt-1 pt-sm-0 pr-0" data-id="1391176" data-layout="story">  <figure class="media media--focus media--stretch col-sm-12 col-3 mr-sm-0 mr-2 float-sm-none 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giving rise to the usual speculation of partisanship and... </div> </article>  </div> <div class="slideshow--row__item pr-0 pr-sm-2 mb-2 lap-and-up-border--right palm-border--bottom equalize float-left" data-id="1" style="float:left;width:15.666666666667%;margin-right:1.2%;">  <article class="box story mt-1 mb-1 mb-sm-2 mt-sm-0 pt-0 pb-1 pb-sm-2 pt-1 pt-sm-0 pr-0" data-id="1391383" data-layout="story"><span class="story__time size-two text--gray font--arial ">February 24, 2018</span>  <h2 data-layout="story" data-id="1391383" class="story__title size-four font--playfair-display "><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180224062147/https://www.dawn.com/news/1391383/back-to-load-shedding" class="story__link">Back to load-shedding</a></h2>  <div class="story__excerpt size-three font--georgia ">ENDING load-shedding was Nawaz Sharif’s biggest campaign promise, and has been the backbone of his narrative since... </div> </article>  </div> <div class="slideshow--row__item pr-0 pr-sm-2 mb-2 lap-and-up-border--right palm-border--bottom equalize float-left" data-id="2" style="float:left;width:15.666666666667%;margin-right:1.2%;">  <article class="box story mt-1 mb-1 mb-sm-2 mt-sm-0 pt-0 pb-1 pb-sm-2 pt-1 pt-sm-0 pr-0" data-id="1391382" data-layout="story"><span class="story__time size-two text--gray font--arial ">February 24, 2018</span>  <h2 data-layout="story" data-id="1391382" class="story__title size-four font--playfair-display "><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180224062147/https://www.dawn.com/news/1391382/dangerous-nexus" class="story__link">Dangerous nexus</a></h2>  <div class="story__excerpt size-three font--georgia ">INEXTRICABLY linked, illicit economies and organised crime pose extreme threats to societies. In Karachi’s... </div> </article>  </div> <div class="slideshow--row__item pr-0 pr-sm-2 mb-2 lap-and-up-border--right palm-border--bottom equalize float-left" data-id="3" style="float:left;width:15.666666666667%;margin-right:1.2%;">  <article class="box story mt-1 mb-1 mb-sm-2 mt-sm-0 pt-0 pb-1 pb-sm-2 pt-1 pt-sm-0 pr-0" data-id="1391170" data-layout="story"><span class="story__time size-two text--gray font--arial "><span class="timestamp--label">Updated</span> February 23, 2018</span>  <h2 data-layout="story" data-id="1391170" class="story__title size-four font--playfair-display "><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180224062147/https://www.dawn.com/news/1391170/regrettable-verdict" class="story__link">Regrettable verdict</a></h2>  <div class="story__excerpt size-three font--georgia ">The highest court in the land should be accorded the highest respect. Without the judiciary, rule of law is impossible. </div> </article>  </div> <div class="slideshow--row__item pr-0 pr-sm-2 mb-2 lap-and-up-border--right palm-border--bottom equalize float-left" data-id="4" style="float:left;width:15.666666666667%;margin-right:1.2%;">  <article class="box story mt-1 mb-1 mb-sm-2 mt-sm-0 pt-0 pb-1 pb-sm-2 pt-1 pt-sm-0 pr-0" data-id="1391169" data-layout="story"><span class="story__time size-two text--gray font--arial "><span class="timestamp--label">Updated</span> February 23, 2018</span>  <h2 data-layout="story" data-id="1391169" class="story__title size-four font--playfair-display "><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180224062147/https://www.dawn.com/news/1391169/no-place-for-newborns" class="story__link">No place for newborns</a></h2>  <div class="story__excerpt size-three font--georgia ">As the primary stakeholders in this venture, women must be empowered to exercise their rights and demand quality care. </div> </article>  </div> <div class="slideshow--row__item pr-0 pr-sm-2 mb-2 lap-and-up-border--right palm-border--bottom equalize float-left" data-id="5" style="float:left;width:15.666666666667%;">  <article class="box story mt-1 mb-1 mb-sm-2 mt-sm-0 pt-0 pb-1 pb-sm-2 pt-1 pt-sm-0 pr-0" data-id="1391168" data-layout="story"><span class="story__time size-two text--gray font--arial "><span class="timestamp--label">Updated</span> February 23, 2018</span>  <h2 data-layout="story" data-id="1391168" class="story__title size-four font--playfair-display "><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180224062147/https://www.dawn.com/news/1391168/syrias-nightmare" class="story__link">Syria’s nightmare</a></h2>  <div class="story__excerpt size-three font--georgia ">Is it only a matter of time before a new regional conflict in the Middle East materialises? </div> </article>  </div> </div><div class="clear--both"> </div></div> </div> <div class="px-2">   <div class="ad py-4 d-block d-sm-none" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="ad__label " style="max-width:728px;">Advertisement</div> <div class="js-ad clearfix" style="max-width:728px;padding-bottom:12.362637362637%;text-align:center;margin:0 auto;overflow:hidden;"> <div class="radWrapper ad__wrapper"> <div id="div-gpt-ad-1455531878761-2" class="ad__wrapper__slot" style="width:728px;position:absolute"> <script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1455531878761-2'); 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