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</div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Relief" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relief"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Relief</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relief-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hydrology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hydrology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Hydrology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hydrology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vegetation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vegetation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Vegetation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vegetation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Natural_parks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_parks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Natural parks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natural_parks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Roman_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Roman Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-16th_to_18th_centuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#16th_to_18th_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>16th to 18th centuries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-16th_to_18th_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Government and administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government_and_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Territorial_organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Territorial_organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Territorial organization</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Territorial_organization-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Territorial organization subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Territorial_organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Municipalities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Municipalities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Municipalities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Municipalities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comarcas_(regions)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comarcas_(regions)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span><i>Comarcas</i> (regions)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comarcas_(regions)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation_and_communications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation_and_communications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Transportation and communications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation_and_communications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mass_media_and_public_opinion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mass_media_and_public_opinion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Mass media and public opinion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mass_media_and_public_opinion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monuments_and_museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monuments_and_museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Monuments and museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monuments_and_museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Universities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fairs_and_festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fairs_and_festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.4</span> <span>Fairs and festivals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fairs_and_festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mythology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mythology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.5</span> <span>Mythology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mythology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_Cantabrians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_Cantabrians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notable Cantabrians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_Cantabrians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cantabria</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 112 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-112" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">112 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AB%E1%8A%95%E1%89%B3%E1%89%A5%E1%88%AD%E1%8B%AB" title="ካንታብርያ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ካንታብርያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Cantabria" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%86%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="قنطبرية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قنطبرية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cantabria" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Cantabria" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cantabria" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantabriya" title="Kantabriya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kantabriya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="کانتابریا اوستانی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کانتابریا اوستانی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="কান্তাব্রিয়া – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কান্তাব্রিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Cantabria" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Кантабрыя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кантабрыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Кантабрыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кантабрыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Кантабрия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кантабрия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantabrija" title="Kantabrija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kantabrija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantabria" title="Kantabria – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kantabria" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cant%C3%A0bria" title="Cantàbria – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cantàbria" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabria_(rehiyon_sa_Espanya)" title="Cantabria (rehiyon sa Espanya) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Cantabria (rehiyon sa Espanya)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kant%C3%A1brie" title="Kantábrie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kantábrie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cantabria" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantabrien" title="Kantabrien – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kantabrien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantabria_eanangoddi" title="Kantabria eanangoddi – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Kantabria eanangoddi" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantabrien" title="Kantabrien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kantabrien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantaabria" title="Kantaabria – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kantaabria" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B2%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Κανταβρία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κανταβρία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cantabria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantabrio" title="Kantabrio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kantabrio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Cantabria" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantabria" title="Kantabria – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kantabria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="استان کانتابریا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استان کانتابریا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabrie" title="Cantabrie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cantabrie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantaabrje" title="Kantaabrje – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kantaabrje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cantabria" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cant%C3%A0bria" title="Cantàbria – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Cantàbria" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cantabria" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Cantabria" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B8%ED%83%80%EB%B8%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84%EC%A3%BC" title="칸타브리아주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="칸타브리아주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%A2%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Կանտաբրիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կանտաբրիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantabrija" title="Kantabrija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kantabrija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantabria" title="Kantabria – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kantabria" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantabria" title="Kantabria – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kantabria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Cantabria" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Cantabria" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Кантабри – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Кантабри" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantabr%C3%ADa" title="Kantabría – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kantabría" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cantabria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94" title="קנטבריה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קנטבריה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Cantabria" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="კანტაბრია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კანტაბრია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Кантабрия – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кантабрия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantabri" title="Kantabri – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kantabri" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Cantabria" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantabri" title="Kantabri – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kantabri" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Cantabria" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantabria" title="Kantabria – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Kantabria" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cantabria" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantabrija" title="Kantabrija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kantabrija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantabrien" title="Kantabrien – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kantabrien" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantabrija" title="Kantabrija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kantabrija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabri%C3%AB" title="Cantabrië – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Cantabrië" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Cantabria" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cantabria" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kant%C3%A1bria" title="Kantábria – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kantábria" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Кантабрија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кантабрија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Cantabria" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="कांताब्रिया – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कांताब्रिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="კანტაბრია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კანტაბრია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="كانتابريا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كانتابريا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کانتابریا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کانتابریا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Cantabria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Кантабри – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Кантабри" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabri%C3%AB" title="Cantabrië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cantabrië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%96%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E5%B7%9E" title="カンタブリア州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カンタブリア州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantaabrien" title="Kantaabrien – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kantaabrien" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Cantabria" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Cantabria" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cant%C3%A0bria" title="Cantàbria – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cantàbria" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Cantabria" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%B9%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کینٹیبریا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کینٹیبریا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Cantabria" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantabria" title="Kantabria – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kantabria" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cant%C3%A1bria" title="Cantábria – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cantábria" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantabriya" title="Kantabriya – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Kantabriya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cantabria" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantabriya" title="Kantabriya – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Kantabriya" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantawriya" title="Kantawriya – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kantawriya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Кантабрия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кантабрия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cant%C3%A0bria" title="Cantàbria – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Cantàbria" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabrie" title="Cantabrie – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Cantabrie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantabria" title="Kantabria – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kantabria" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cantabria" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cantabria" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kant%C3%A1bria" title="Kantábria – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kantábria" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantabrija" title="Kantabrija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kantabrija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Кантабрија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кантабрија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantabrija" title="Kantabrija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kantabrija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Cantabria" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantabrien" title="Kantabrien – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kantabrien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Cantabria" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="காந்தாபிரியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காந்தாபிரியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Cantabria" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Кантабрия – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кантабрия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="แคว้นกันตาเบรีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แคว้นกันตาเบรีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Cantabria" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Кантабрія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кантабрія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کانتابریا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کانتابریا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cant%C3%A0bria" title="Cantàbria – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Cantàbria" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cantabria" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Cantabria" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E5%A1%94%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A" title="坎塔布里亚 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="坎塔布里亚" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E5%A1%94%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9E" title="坎塔布里亞 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="坎塔布里亞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantabriya" title="Kantabriya – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Kantabriya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E5%A1%94%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A" title="坎塔布里亚 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="坎塔布里亚" data-language-autonym="中文" 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id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cantabria&params=43_20_N_4_00_W_region:ES-S_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°20′N</span> <span class="longitude">4°00′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.333°N 4.000°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.333; -4.000</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Autonomous community and province of Spain</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Spanish community of Cantabria. For residents of Cambridge, see <a href="/wiki/Cantabrigian" title="Cantabrigian">Cantabrigian</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Cantabria_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Cantabria (disambiguation)">Cantabria (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Cantabria" title="Special:EditPage/Cantabria">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Cantabria%22">"Cantabria"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Cantabria%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Cantabria%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Cantabria%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Cantabria%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Cantabria%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Autonomous community and province in Spain</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Cantabria</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Autonomous community</a> and <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Spain" title="Provinces of Spain">province</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Cantabria</i></span> <small><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span></small></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Cantabria_(Official).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Cantabria"><img alt="Flag of Cantabria (Official).svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Cantabria_%28Official%29.svg/125px-Flag_of_Cantabria_%28Official%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Cantabria_%28Official%29.svg/188px-Flag_of_Cantabria_%28Official%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Cantabria_%28Official%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_Cantabria_%28Official%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Cantabria" title="Flag of Cantabria">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Cantabria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Cantabria"><img alt="Coat-of-arms of Cantabria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Coat_of_Arms_of_Cantabria.svg/54px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Cantabria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="54" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Coat_of_Arms_of_Cantabria.svg/81px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Cantabria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Coat_of_Arms_of_Cantabria.svg/109px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Cantabria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="671" data-file-height="1232" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Cantabria" title="Coat of arms of Cantabria">Coat of arms</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Anthem: <a href="/wiki/Himno_a_la_Monta%C3%B1a" title="Himno a la Montaña">Himno a la Montaña</a><br /><small>(in English: Anthem to the Mountain)</small><br /> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="175" data-mwtitle="Himno_de_Cantabria.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/Himno_de_Cantabria.wav/Himno_de_Cantabria.wav.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/Himno_de_Cantabria.wav/Himno_de_Cantabria.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Himno_de_Cantabria.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cantabria_in_Spain_(including_Canarias).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Cantabria"><img alt="Map of Cantabria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Cantabria_in_Spain_%28including_Canarias%29.svg/275px-Cantabria_in_Spain_%28including_Canarias%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Cantabria_in_Spain_%28including_Canarias%29.svg/413px-Cantabria_in_Spain_%28including_Canarias%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Cantabria_in_Spain_%28including_Canarias%29.svg/550px-Cantabria_in_Spain_%28including_Canarias%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1184" data-file-height="1016" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Cantabria within Spain</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cantabria&params=43_20_N_4_00_W_region:ES-S_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°20′N</span> <span class="longitude">4°00′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.333°N 4.000°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.333; -4.000</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cantabria" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Cantabria">Formation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">574 (<a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Cantabria" title="Duchy of Cantabria">Duchy of Cantabria</a>)<br />739 (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Asturias" title="Kingdom of Asturias">Union with Asturias</a>)<br />1778 (Province of Cantabria)<br />1833 (Province of Santander)<br />1982 (Autonomous Community)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Autonomy_of_Cantabria" title="Statute of Autonomy of Cantabria">Statute of Autonomy</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Autonomy_of_Cantabria" title="Statute of Autonomy of Cantabria">1 February 1982</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Capital_(political)" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital (political)">Capital</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Santander,_Cantabria" class="mw-redirect" title="Santander, Cantabria">Santander</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Devolved_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Devolved government">Devolved government</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Cantabria" title="Government of Cantabria">Gobierno de Cantabria</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/President_of_Cantabria" title="President of Cantabria">President</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Jos%C3%A9_S%C3%A1enz_de_Buruaga" title="María José Sáenz de Buruaga">María José Sáenz de Buruaga</a> (<a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_Cantabria" title="People's Party of Cantabria">PP</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">5,321 km<sup>2</sup> (2,054 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_autonomous_communities_by_area" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Spanish autonomous communities by area">15th</a> (1.05% of Spain)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2018)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">580,229</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_autonomous_communities_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Spanish autonomous communities by population">Pop. rank</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">16th</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Percent<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1.26% of Spain</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data">€15.354 billion (2022)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">€26,167 (2022)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166_code" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 3166 code">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">ES-CB<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Spain" title="Telephone numbers in Spain">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">+34 942 a</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">Official languages</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Statute of Autonomy</th><td class="infobox-data">11 January 1982</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parliament</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Cantabria" title="Parliament of Cantabria">Parliament of Cantabria</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Deputies_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of Deputies (Spain)">Congress</a></th><td class="infobox-data">5 deputies (out of 350)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Senate">Senate</a></th><td class="infobox-data">5 senators (out of 265)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> (2021)</th><td class="infobox-data">0.905<sup id="cite_ref-GlobalDataLab_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlobalDataLab-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">very high</span> · <a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_autonomous_communities_by_Human_Development_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Spanish autonomous communities by Human Development Index">8th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cantabria.es">Gobierno de Cantabria</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 300px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="300" data-zoom="7" data-overlays="["_32ad61e0eff0882bde29ac27ffc0a76f4be924ab"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,7,a,a,270x300.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Cantabria&revid=1253330178&groups=_32ad61e0eff0882bde29ac27ffc0a76f4be924ab" width="270" height="300" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,7,a,a,270x300@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Cantabria&revid=1253330178&groups=_32ad61e0eff0882bde29ac27ffc0a76f4be924ab 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Cantabria</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">also <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span></span>-/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Spanish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[kanˈtaβɾja]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/0b\/Pronunciation_of_Cantabria_in_Spanish.ogg\/Pronunciation_of_Cantabria_in_Spanish.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Pronunciation of Cantabria in Spanish.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0b/Pronunciation_of_Cantabria_in_Spanish.ogg/Pronunciation_of_Cantabria_in_Spanish.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Pronunciation_of_Cantabria_in_Spanish.ogg" title="File:Pronunciation of Cantabria in Spanish.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>) is an <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous community">autonomous community</a> and <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Spain" title="Provinces of Spain">province</a> in northern <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> with <a href="/wiki/Santander,_Cantabria" class="mw-redirect" title="Santander, Cantabria">Santander</a> as its capital city. It is called a <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">comunidad histórica</i></span>, a <a href="/wiki/Nationalities_and_regions_of_Spain" title="Nationalities and regions of Spain">historic community</a>, in its current <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Autonomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Statute of Autonomy">Statute of Autonomy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is bordered on the east by the <a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque autonomous community</a> (<a href="/wiki/Biscay" title="Biscay">province of Biscay</a>), on the south by <a href="/wiki/Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castile and León">Castile and León</a> (<a href="/wiki/Province_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Province of León">provinces of León</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palencia_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Palencia (province)">Palencia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Burgos" title="Province of Burgos">Burgos</a>), on the west by the <a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Principality of Asturias</a>, and on the north by the <a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_Sea" title="Cantabrian Sea">Cantabrian Sea</a>, which forms part of the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Biscay" title="Bay of Biscay">Bay of Biscay</a>. </p><p>Cantabria belongs to <i><a href="/wiki/Green_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Spain">Green Spain</a></i>, the name given to the strip of land between the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Biscay" title="Bay of Biscay">Bay of Biscay</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_Mountains" title="Cantabrian Mountains">Cantabrian Mountains</a>, so called because of its particularly lush vegetation, due to the wet and temperate <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a>. The climate is strongly influenced by <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> winds trapped by the mountains; the average annual precipitation is about 1,200 mm (47 inches). </p><p>Cantabria has <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_site" title="Archaeological site">archaeological sites</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Paleolithic" title="Upper Paleolithic">Upper Paleolithic</a> period, although the first signs of human occupation date from the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Paleolithic" title="Lower Paleolithic">Lower Paleolithic</a>. The most significant site for <a href="/wiki/Cave_painting" title="Cave painting">cave paintings</a> is in the <a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Altamira" title="Cave of Altamira">cave of Altamira</a>, dating from about 37,000 BCE<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and declared, along with nine other Cantabrian caves, as <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Sites</a> by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>. Historically, the territory sits in the area of <a href="/wiki/Cantabri" title="Cantabri">Cantabria</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">ancient period</a>, but from the late Middle Ages to the early 19th century, the name Cantabria also referred to the <a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(greater_region)" title="Basque Country (greater region)">territory of the Basques</a>, especially the <a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Biscay" title="Lordship of Biscay">lordship of Biscay</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The modern province of Cantabria was constituted on 28 July 1778 at Puente San Miguel, <a href="/wiki/Reoc%C3%ADn" title="Reocín">Reocín</a>. The yearly Day of the Institutions holiday on 28 July celebrates this. The <a href="/wiki/Organic_Law_(Spain)" title="Organic Law (Spain)">Organic Law</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Autonomy_Statute_of_Cantabria" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomy Statute of Cantabria">Autonomy Statute of Cantabria</a>, approved on 30 December 1981, gave the region its own institutions of self-government.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_usage">Etymology and usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantabria&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology and usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Physical_map_of_Cantabria_-_Spain.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Physical_map_of_Cantabria_-_Spain.png/350px-Physical_map_of_Cantabria_-_Spain.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Physical_map_of_Cantabria_-_Spain.png/525px-Physical_map_of_Cantabria_-_Spain.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Physical_map_of_Cantabria_-_Spain.png/700px-Physical_map_of_Cantabria_-_Spain.png 2x" data-file-width="1529" data-file-height="1016" /></a><figcaption>Topographical map of Cantabria.</figcaption></figure> <p>Numerous authors, including <a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julio_Caro_Baroja" title="Julio Caro Baroja">Julio Caro Baroja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aureliano_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Guerra" class="mw-redirect" title="Aureliano Fernández Guerra">Aureliano Fernández Guerra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Schulten" title="Adolf Schulten">Adolf Schulten</a>, have explored the etymology of the name <i>Cantabria</i>, yet its origins remain uncertain. The Online Etymology Dictionary states the root <i>cant-</i> is said to come from the <a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Celtic</a> for "rock" or "rocky",<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while <i>-abr</i> was a common suffix used in Celtic regions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGonzález_Echegaray1993_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGonzález_Echegaray1993-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, <i>Cantabrian</i> could mean "people who live in the rocks" or "<a href="/wiki/Highland_(geography)" class="mw-redirect" title="Highland (geography)">highlanders</a>", a reference to the steep and mountainous territory of Cantabria.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGonzález_Echegaray1993_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGonzález_Echegaray1993-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name <i>Cantabria</i> could also be related to the Celtic root "kant" or "cant" meaning edge or rim thus "coastal district," or "corner-land", "land on the edge" thus having the same probable derivation as the name of the English county of <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canterbury" title="Canterbury">Canterbury</a>, one of its major cities.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the Spanish liberal regimes of the 19th century, the term came to be increasingly associated to the province of Santander. However, in late medieval and Modern Period literature, <i>Cantabria</i> and <i>Cantabrians</i> refer to the Basque Country, especially the lordship of Biscay, and the <a href="/wiki/Basques" title="Basques">Basques</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantabria&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Near_the_Faro_de_Cabo_Mayor,_Santander.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Near_the_Faro_de_Cabo_Mayor%2C_Santander.jpg/220px-Near_the_Faro_de_Cabo_Mayor%2C_Santander.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Near_the_Faro_de_Cabo_Mayor%2C_Santander.jpg/330px-Near_the_Faro_de_Cabo_Mayor%2C_Santander.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Near_the_Faro_de_Cabo_Mayor%2C_Santander.jpg/440px-Near_the_Faro_de_Cabo_Mayor%2C_Santander.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5395" data-file-height="3597" /></a><figcaption>Cabo Mayor and entrance to the harbor, Santander</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Desfiladero_de_La_Hermida_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Desfiladero_de_La_Hermida_4.jpg/220px-Desfiladero_de_La_Hermida_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Desfiladero_de_La_Hermida_4.jpg/330px-Desfiladero_de_La_Hermida_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Desfiladero_de_La_Hermida_4.jpg/440px-Desfiladero_de_La_Hermida_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>La Hermida</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relief">Relief</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantabria&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Relief"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Cantabria" title="Special:EditPage/Cantabria">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Cantabria is a mountainous and coastal region, with important natural resources. It has two distinct areas which are well differentiated morphologically: </p> <ul><li><b>Coast</b>. A coastal strip of low, wide and gently rolling valleys some 10 kilometres in width, the altitude of which does not rise above 500 metres, and which meets the ocean in a line of abrupt cliffs broken by river estuaries, forming <a href="/wiki/Ria" title="Ria">rias</a> and beaches. <a href="/wiki/Santander_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Santander Bay">Santander Bay</a> is the most prominent indentation in the coastline. To the south, the coastal strip rises to meet the mountains.</li> <li><b>Mountains</b>. This is a long barrier made up of abruptly rising mountains parallel to the sea, which are part of the <a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_Mountains" title="Cantabrian Mountains">Cantabrian Mountains</a>. The mountains are mostly made of <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> with <a href="/wiki/Karst" title="Karst">karst</a> topography, and occupy most of Cantabria's area. They form deep valleys running north–south. The torrential rivers are short, fast flowing and of great eroding power, so the slopes are steep. The valleys define different natural regions, delimited physically by the intervening mountain ranges: <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A9bana" title="Liébana">Liébana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saja-Nansa" class="mw-redirect" title="Saja-Nansa">Saja-Nansa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Besaya_valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Besaya valley">Besaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pas_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Pas River">Pas</a>-<a href="/wiki/Pisue%C3%B1a_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Pisueña River">Pisueña</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miera_valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Miera valley">Miera</a>, <a href="/wiki/As%C3%B3n-Ag%C3%BCera" title="Asón-Agüera">Asón-Agüera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Campoo" title="Campoo">Campoo</a>. To the 'mountain' region belongs the <a href="/wiki/Escudo_de_Cabu%C3%A9rniga_Range" class="mw-redirect" title="Escudo de Cabuérniga Range">Escudo Range</a>, a mountain range of 600 to 1,000 metres (2,000 to 3,300 ft) high that covers <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>15 or 20 km (<span class="frac">9<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> or <span class="frac">12<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> mi) in a parallel line to the coast in the West part of Cantabria.</li></ul> <p>Towards the south are higher mountains, the tops of which form the watershed between the drainage basins of the Rivers <a href="/wiki/Ebro" title="Ebro">Ebro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duero" class="mw-redirect" title="Duero">Duero</a> and the rivers that flow into the Bay of Biscay. These peaks generally exceed 1,500 m (4,900 ft) from the Pass of San Glorio in the west to the Pass of Los Tornos in the eastern part: Peña Labra, <a href="/wiki/Castro_Valnera" title="Castro Valnera">Castro Valnera</a> and the mountain passes of Sejos, El Escudo and La Sía. The great limestone masses of <a href="/wiki/Picos_de_Europa" title="Picos de Europa">Picos de Europa</a> also stand out in the southwest of the region: most of their summits exceed 2,500 m (8,200 ft), and their topography is shaped by the former presence of <a href="/wiki/Glacier" title="Glacier">glaciers</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantabria&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Cantabria" title="Special:EditPage/Cantabria">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Panoramica_Alisas_Cantabria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Panoramica_Alisas_Cantabria.jpg/1000px-Panoramica_Alisas_Cantabria.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Panoramica_Alisas_Cantabria.jpg/1500px-Panoramica_Alisas_Cantabria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Panoramica_Alisas_Cantabria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1662" data-file-height="275" /></a><figcaption>Panorama of the gateway to Alisas, in the <i><a href="/wiki/Municipio" title="Municipio">municipio</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Riotuerto" title="Riotuerto">Riotuerto</a>, Cantabria</figcaption></figure> <p>Due to the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Stream" title="Gulf Stream">Gulf Stream</a>, Cantabria, as well as the rest of "Green Spain", has a much more <a href="/wiki/Temperate_climate" title="Temperate climate">temperate climate</a> than might be expected for its latitude. The region has a humid <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a>, with warm summers and mild winters. Annual <a href="/wiki/Precipitation_(meteorology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Precipitation (meteorology)">precipitation</a> is around 1,200 mm at the coasts and higher in the mountains. The mean temperature is about 14 °C (57.2 °F). Snow is frequent in the higher zones of Cantabria between the months of October and March. Some zones of Picos de Europa, over 2,500 metres high, have an <a href="/wiki/Alpine_climate" title="Alpine climate">alpine climate</a> with snow persisting year-round. The driest months are July and August. The mountainous relief of Cantabria has a dominant effect on local microclimate in Cantabria. It is the main cause of the peculiar meteorologic situations like the so-called "suradas" (<a href="/wiki/%C3%81brego" title="Ábrego">Ábrego</a> wind), due to the <a href="/wiki/Foehn_wind" title="Foehn wind">foehn effect</a>: the southerly wind coming down from the mountains blows strongly and dry, increasing the temperature closer to the coast. This causes a decrease in air humidity and rainfall. These conditions are more frequent in autumn and winter, and the temperatures are commonly higher than 20 °C (68 °F). Fires are often helped by this type of wind: one example is the <a href="/wiki/1941_Santander_fire" title="1941 Santander fire">fire that destroyed part of the city of Santander in the winter of 1941</a>. In these specific cases in the southern part of the <a href="/wiki/Cordillera_Cant%C3%A1brica" class="mw-redirect" title="Cordillera Cantábrica">mountain range</a> the <a href="/wiki/Lapse_rate" title="Lapse rate">dry adiabatic gradient</a> produces different conditions to the rest of the region: the wind there is fresher and more humid, and there is more rain. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hydrology">Hydrology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantabria&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Hydrology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Cantabria" title="Special:EditPage/Cantabria">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The rivers of Cantabria are short and rapid, descending steeply because the sea is so close to their source in the Cantabrian Mountains. They flow perpendicular to the coastline, except for the <a href="/wiki/Ebro" title="Ebro">Ebro</a>. They also generally <a href="/wiki/Discharge_(hydrology)" title="Discharge (hydrology)">flow</a> year round due to constant rainfall. Nevertheless, the rate of flow is modest (20 m<sup>3</sup>/s annual average) compared to the other rivers of the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a>. The rapidness of their waters, caused by their steep descents, gives them great <a href="/wiki/Erosion" title="Erosion">erosive</a> power, creating the narrow V-shaped valleys characteristic of Green Spain. The environmental condition of the rivers is generally good, although increasing human activity due to rising population in the valleys continues to pose a challenge. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nacimiento_del_rio_Ason_-_Source_of_the_Ason_river.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Nacimiento_del_rio_Ason_-_Source_of_the_Ason_river.JPG/220px-Nacimiento_del_rio_Ason_-_Source_of_the_Ason_river.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Nacimiento_del_rio_Ason_-_Source_of_the_Ason_river.JPG/330px-Nacimiento_del_rio_Ason_-_Source_of_the_Ason_river.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Nacimiento_del_rio_Ason_-_Source_of_the_Ason_river.JPG/440px-Nacimiento_del_rio_Ason_-_Source_of_the_Ason_river.JPG 2x" data-file-width="860" data-file-height="584" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Source_(river_or_stream)" class="mw-redirect" title="Source (river or stream)">source</a> of the Asón River</figcaption></figure> <p>The main rivers of the region, sorted by <a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">drainage basin</a>, are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_North_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spanish North Basin (page does not exist)">North Basin</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (flows into the <a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_Sea" title="Cantabrian Sea">Cantabrian Sea</a>) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ag%C3%BCera_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agüera River (page does not exist)">Agüera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As%C3%B3n_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Asón River">Asón</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Besaya_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Besaya River (page does not exist)">Besaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deva_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Deva River">Deva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miera_River" title="Miera River">Miera</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nansa_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nansa River (page does not exist)">Nansa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pas_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Pas River">Pas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saja_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Saja River">Saja</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebro_Basin" title="Ebro Basin">Ebro Basin</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (flows into the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%ADjar_River" title="Híjar River">Híjar</a></li> <li>Ebro</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duero_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duero Basin (page does not exist)">Duero Basin</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (flows into the Atlantic Ocean)</li></ul> <p>Cantabria is the only autonomous community whose rivers flow into every one of the seas which surround the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a>: the Cantabrian Sea, the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vegetation">Vegetation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantabria&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Vegetation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Cantabria" title="Special:EditPage/Cantabria">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Cantabria" title="Flora of Cantabria">Flora of Cantabria</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prau.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Prau.JPG/220px-Prau.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Prau.JPG/330px-Prau.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Prau.JPG/440px-Prau.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Grassland in <a href="/wiki/Vald%C3%A1liga" title="Valdáliga">Valdáliga</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The variation in the altitude of the region, which in a short distance ranges from sea level to 2,600 meters in the mountains, leads to a great deal of diversity in vegetation and a large number of <a href="/wiki/Biome" title="Biome">biomes</a>. Cantabria has vegetation typical of the Atlantic side of the Iberian Peninsula. It is characterized by forests of leafy <a href="/wiki/Deciduous" title="Deciduous">deciduous</a> trees such as oak and <a href="/wiki/European_beech" class="mw-redirect" title="European beech">European beech</a>. Nevertheless, human intervention dating back to ancient times has favored the creation of pastures, allowing the existence of large areas of grassland and prairies suitable for grazing cattle. These grasslands are mingled with plantations of <a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus" title="Eucalyptus">eucalyptus</a> and native oak. The southern part of Cantabria, including the <i><a href="/wiki/Comarcas_of_Spain" title="Comarcas of Spain">comarca</a></i> of Campoo the fringes of the Castilian plateau, is characterized by the transition to drier vegetation. Another diversifying factor which contributes to local variation within the region is the Mediterranean <a href="/wiki/Ecotone" title="Ecotone">ecotone</a>, giving rise to species unique to the region, such as the <a href="/wiki/Quercus_rotundifolia" title="Quercus rotundifolia">holm oak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arbutus" title="Arbutus">arbutus trees</a>, which are found in poor limestone soils with little moisture. </p><p>In Cantabria there are several zones of plant life: </p> <ul><li><b>The coastal strip</b>, including sandy dunes with minimal vegetation. Adjacent to these are steep cliffs with plants unique to that type of terrain.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hills_of_La_Marina_(Cantabria).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Hills_of_La_Marina_%28Cantabria%29.jpg/220px-Hills_of_La_Marina_%28Cantabria%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Hills_of_La_Marina_%28Cantabria%29.jpg/330px-Hills_of_La_Marina_%28Cantabria%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Hills_of_La_Marina_%28Cantabria%29.jpg/440px-Hills_of_La_Marina_%28Cantabria%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Hills and ria typical of a landscape from the maritime region</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b>The maritime region</b>, near the coast and including altitudes up to 500 metres. Originally it had mixed deciduous forests containing <a href="/wiki/Ash_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Ash tree">ash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tilia" title="Tilia">linden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bay_laurel" class="mw-redirect" title="Bay laurel">bay laurel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hazel" title="Hazel">hazel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maple" title="Maple">maple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Populus" title="Populus">poplar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birch" title="Birch">birch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quercus_rotundifolia" title="Quercus rotundifolia">holm oak</a>, and others. The <a href="/wiki/Riparian" class="mw-redirect" title="Riparian">riparian</a> parts were filled with forests of <a href="/wiki/Alder" title="Alder">alder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Willow" title="Willow">willow</a>. Today these native forests have almost completely disappeared, leaving only reserves in area of poor arability. In their place there are grasslands which are quite productive in the temperate climate and which sustain the economy of rural Cantabria. Next to these are very large <a href="/wiki/Monoculture" title="Monoculture">monoculture</a> plantations of <a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus" title="Eucalyptus">eucalyptus</a> for paper production, of disastrous ecological consequences to the biodiversity and climate of the region.</li></ul> <p>During the last two decades of the 20th century, and due mainly to European agricultural policies (<a href="/wiki/Common_Agricultural_Policy" title="Common Agricultural Policy">CAP</a>), many farmers substituted forestry for livestock farming, so as to avoid unemployment and poverty.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This provoked a surge of <a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus" title="Eucalyptus">eucalyptus</a> – <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucalyptus#Reforestación_mediante_eucaliptos_en_España" class="extiw" title="es:Eucalyptus">see eucalyptus article on Spanish Wikipedia</a> – plantations (and to a less extent of <a href="/wiki/Pinus_radiata" title="Pinus radiata">pines</a>) which often hid the illegal destruction of native forests, just as the spread of livestock farming had done in the past by the endemic conversion of forest into prairie. These acts have been laxly controlled by the local councils or the central governments, in a process that clearly follows the saying: "<i>Pan para hoy, hambre para mañana</i>" (which translates as 'Bread for today, hunger for tomorrow'; i.e., "short-term gain, long-term pain"). </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Relieve_karstico-Karst_topography.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Relieve_karstico-Karst_topography.jpg/300px-Relieve_karstico-Karst_topography.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Relieve_karstico-Karst_topography.jpg/450px-Relieve_karstico-Karst_topography.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Relieve_karstico-Karst_topography.jpg/600px-Relieve_karstico-Karst_topography.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2103" data-file-height="497" /></a><figcaption>Panorama of the <a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantabrian mountains">Cantabrian mountains</a> to the left and the port city of Santander in the distant right. The peak <i>Alto de Brenas</i> in <a href="/wiki/Riotuerto" title="Riotuerto">Riotuerto</a> has a height of 579 metres.</figcaption></figure> <p>The plantation of pines has given way in the last decades<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (July 2020)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> to that of eucalyptus because this <a href="/wiki/Introduced_species" title="Introduced species">non-indigenous species</a> has no natural attacker within the European ecosystem (while pines are highly vulnerable to the <a href="/wiki/Pine_processionary" title="Pine processionary">pine processionary</a>). Both in relative and absolute terms the use of woods for forestry has increased in Cantabria, and is now<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (July 2020)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> almost 70% of all woods in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>The foothills</b>, from 500 to 1,100 metres altitude are colonized by monoculture forests of oak (<i><a href="/wiki/Quercus_robur" title="Quercus robur">Quercus robur</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Quercus_petraea" title="Quercus petraea">Quercus petraea</a></i>) on the sunnier slopes. In more shaded areas and especially from about 800 metres there are forests of <a href="/wiki/European_beech" class="mw-redirect" title="European beech">European beech</a> which are the main food source in winter for many animal species.</li></ul> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pico_Tordias.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Pico_Tordias.jpg/300px-Pico_Tordias.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Pico_Tordias.jpg/450px-Pico_Tordias.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Pico_Tordias.jpg/600px-Pico_Tordias.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2139" data-file-height="608" /></a><figcaption><i>Brañas</i>, or mountain <a href="/wiki/Prairie" title="Prairie">prairies</a> in the municipality of <a href="/wiki/Arenas_de_Igu%C3%B1a" title="Arenas de Iguña">Arenas de Iguña</a>. Tordías Peak is 968 metres high.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The <b>subalpine plane</b>, in this high country, the plant life is composed of birch, scrub, and <a href="/wiki/Poaceae" title="Poaceae">grasses</a> which are especially important for the economy because during the summer they serve as pasture for grazing cattle and horses.</li></ul> <p>Along with these characteristics it would also be necessary to mention peculiarities of the <i>comarca</i> of <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A9bana" title="Liébana">Liébana</a>, which has a <a href="/wiki/Microclimate" title="Microclimate">microclimate</a> very similar to the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean</a>, allowing to grow <a href="/wiki/Cork_oak" class="mw-redirect" title="Cork oak">cork oaks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vine" title="Vine">vines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">olives</a>, and which is still very well conserved from human activity. The other remarkable <i>comarca</i> is <a href="/wiki/Campoo" title="Campoo">Campoo</a>, in southern Cantabria, with its Pyrenean oak. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Natural_parks">Natural parks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantabria&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Natural parks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parques_Naturales_y_Nacionales_de_Cantabria.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Parques_Naturales_y_Nacionales_de_Cantabria.png/220px-Parques_Naturales_y_Nacionales_de_Cantabria.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Parques_Naturales_y_Nacionales_de_Cantabria.png/330px-Parques_Naturales_y_Nacionales_de_Cantabria.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Parques_Naturales_y_Nacionales_de_Cantabria.png/440px-Parques_Naturales_y_Nacionales_de_Cantabria.png 2x" data-file-width="1167" data-file-height="734" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Natural_park_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural park (Spain)">Natural</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_park" title="National park">national parks</a> in Cantabria: 1. Picos de Europa National Park 2. Collados del Asón Natural Park 3. Dunas de Liencres Natural Park 4. Macizo de Peña Cabarga Natural Park 5. Oyambre Natural Park 6. Saja-Besaya Natural Park 7. Santoña, Victoria and Joyel Marshes Natural Park</figcaption></figure> <p>There are seven natural areas in this autonomous community designated as <a href="/wiki/Natural_park_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural park (Spain)">Natural</a> or <a href="/wiki/National_park" title="National park">national parks</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Picos_de_Europa_National_Park" title="Picos de Europa National Park">Picos de Europa National Park</a></li> <li>Collados del Asón Natural Park</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo%C3%B1a,_Victoria_and_Joyel_Marshes_Natural_Park" title="Santoña, Victoria and Joyel Marshes Natural Park">Santoña, Victoria and Joyel Marshes Natural Park</a></li> <li>Macizo de Peña Cabarga Natural Park</li> <li>Oyambre Natural Park</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saja-Besaya_Natural_Park" title="Saja-Besaya Natural Park">Saja-Besaya Natural Park</a></li> <li>Dunes of Liencres Natural Park</li></ul> <p>The most important of these is the Picos de Europa National Park, which affects Castile and León and Asturias in addition to Cantabria, the three autonomous communities sharing its management. Santoña, Victoria and Joyel <a href="/wiki/Marsh" title="Marsh">marshes</a> are also <a href="/wiki/Special_Protection_Area" title="Special Protection Area">Special Protection Areas</a> for the birds (ZEPA<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p><p>Furthermore, nine <a href="/wiki/Site_of_Community_Importance" title="Site of Community Importance">Sites of Community Importance</a> (LIC<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) have been declared: Western Mountain, Eastern Mountain, Western Rias and Oyambre Dunes, Dunes of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liencres&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liencres (page does not exist)">Liencres</a> and Estuary of the Pas, El Puntal Dunes and Estuary of the Miera, Ria de Ajo, Marshes of <a href="/wiki/Noja" title="Noja">Noja</a>-<a href="/wiki/Santo%C3%B1a" title="Santoña">Santoña</a>, <a href="/wiki/Escudo_de_Cabu%C3%A9rniga_Range" class="mw-redirect" title="Escudo de Cabuérniga Range">Escudo de Cabuérniga Range</a> and several caves with important <a href="/wiki/Bat" title="Bat">bat</a> colonies. </p> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantabria&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1900</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">276,003</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1910</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">302,956</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+9.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1920</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">327,669</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+8.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1930</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">364,147</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+11.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1940</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">393,710</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+8.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1950</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">404,921</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1960</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">432,132</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+6.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1970</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">467,138</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+8.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">513,123</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+9.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1991</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">527,326</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+2.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">535,131</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">592,542</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+10.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2021</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">584,708</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.3%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_de_Estad%C3%ADstica_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)">INE</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Piramid_Population_Cantabria_2006.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Piramid_Population_Cantabria_2006.png/200px-Piramid_Population_Cantabria_2006.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Piramid_Population_Cantabria_2006.png/300px-Piramid_Population_Cantabria_2006.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Piramid_Population_Cantabria_2006.png/400px-Piramid_Population_Cantabria_2006.png 2x" data-file-width="812" data-file-height="594" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Population_pyramid" title="Population pyramid">Population pyramid</a> for Cantabria for 2006 from the municipal planning authority.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_population_of_Cantabria_2005.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Map_of_population_of_Cantabria_2005.png/200px-Map_of_population_of_Cantabria_2005.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Map_of_population_of_Cantabria_2005.png/300px-Map_of_population_of_Cantabria_2005.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Map_of_population_of_Cantabria_2005.png/400px-Map_of_population_of_Cantabria_2005.png 2x" data-file-width="936" data-file-height="662" /></a><figcaption>Demographic map showing centres of population in 2005.</figcaption></figure> <p>According to the 2009 census, the region has a population of 591,886<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which constitutes 1.29% of the population of Spain, with the population density numbering 106.8 people per kilometer. The average life expectancy for male inhabitants is 75 years; for female inhabitants, it is 83 years. Eight years later in 2017 the population has fallen to 581,477 according to INE. </p><p>In relative contrast to other regions of Spain, Cantabria has not experienced much immigration. In 2007, only 4.7% of the population were immigrants. The predominant countries of origin for immigrants to Cantabria are <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The majority of the population resides in the coastal area, particularly in two cities: <a href="/wiki/Santander,_Cantabria" class="mw-redirect" title="Santander, Cantabria">Santander</a>, with 183,000 people, and <a href="/wiki/Torrelavega" title="Torrelavega">Torrelavega</a>, the second largest urban and industrial centre in Cantabria, having a population of around 60,000. These two cities form a <a href="/wiki/Conurbation" title="Conurbation">conurbation</a> known as the Santander-Torrelavega metropolitan area. <a href="/wiki/Castro_Urdiales" title="Castro Urdiales">Castro Urdiales</a> has an official population of 28,542,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making it the fourth largest in the region because of its proximity to the <a href="/wiki/Bilbao" title="Bilbao">Bilbao</a> metropolitan area, there are a large number of people not registered in Castro Urdiales, and the true count may be double the official figure.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The most populated municipalities of Cantabria as of 2018 are the following: </p> <ol><li><b><a href="/wiki/Santander,_Spain" title="Santander, Spain">Santander</a></b> (pop. 172,044)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Torrelavega" title="Torrelavega">Torrelavega</a></b> (pop. 51,687)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Castro-Urdiales" class="mw-redirect" title="Castro-Urdiales">Castro-Urdiales</a></b> (pop. 31,977)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Camargo,_Cantabria" class="mw-redirect" title="Camargo, Cantabria">Camargo</a></b> (pop. 30,263)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pi%C3%A9lagos" title="Piélagos">Piélagos</a></b> (pop. 25,223)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/El_Astillero" title="El Astillero">El Astillero</a></b> (pop. 18,108)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Bezana" title="Santa Cruz de Bezana">Santa Cruz de Bezana</a></b> (pop. 12,964)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Laredo,_Cantabria" class="mw-redirect" title="Laredo, Cantabria">Laredo</a></b> (pop. 11,148)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Santo%C3%B1a" title="Santoña">Santoña</a></b> (pop. 11,050)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Los_Corrales_de_Buelna" title="Los Corrales de Buelna">Los Corrales de Buelna</a></b> (pop. 10,910)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Reinosa" title="Reinosa">Reinosa</a></b> (pop. 9,095)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantabria&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roman_Empire">Roman Empire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantabria&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Roman Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Hispania_Tarraconensis" title="Hispania Tarraconensis">Hispania Tarraconensis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cantabri" title="Cantabri">Cantabri</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iberia_300BC-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Iberia_300BC-en.svg/200px-Iberia_300BC-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Iberia_300BC-en.svg/300px-Iberia_300BC-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Iberia_300BC-en.svg/400px-Iberia_300BC-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="924" data-file-height="762" /></a><figcaption>Language groups of <a href="/wiki/Pre-Roman_Peoples_of_the_Iberian_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Roman Peoples of the Iberian Peninsula">Pre-Roman Iberia</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cantabria_prerromana.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Cantabria_prerromana.svg/200px-Cantabria_prerromana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Cantabria_prerromana.svg/300px-Cantabria_prerromana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Cantabria_prerromana.svg/400px-Cantabria_prerromana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="694" /></a><figcaption>Cantabria during the Cantabrian Wars. This map shows the borders of the Cantabrian territory relative to modern Cantabria as well as the different tribes who inhabited it, the neighboring towns, and geographic features with their Latin names.</figcaption></figure><p> The first written reference to the name Cantabria emerges around 195 BC, in which the historian <a href="/wiki/Cato_the_Elder" title="Cato the Elder">Cato the Elder</a> speaks in his book <i><a href="/wiki/Origines" title="Origines">Origines</a></i> about the source of the Ebro River in the country of the <a href="/wiki/Cantabri" title="Cantabri">Cantabri</a>:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>...The Ebro River starts in the land of the <a href="/wiki/Cantabri" title="Cantabri">Cantabri</a>, large and beautiful, with abundant fish...</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Cato the Elder, <i>Origines: VII</i><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>There are about 150 references to Cantabria or the Cantabri in surviving <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> texts. The Cantabri were used as <a href="/wiki/Mercenary" title="Mercenary">mercenaries</a> in various conflicts, both within the Iberian Peninsula and elsewhere. It is certain that they participated in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Punic_War" title="Second Punic War">Second Punic War</a>, from references by <a href="/wiki/Silius_Italicus" title="Silius Italicus">Silius Italicus</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Horace" title="Horace">Horace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Hostilius_Mancinus" title="Gaius Hostilius Mancinus">C. Hostilius Mancinus</a> was besieging <a href="/wiki/Numantia" title="Numantia">Numantia</a>, he withdrew upon learning that Cantabri and <a href="/wiki/Vaccaei" title="Vaccaei">Vaccaei</a> were present among his <a href="/wiki/Roman_auxiliaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman auxiliaries">auxiliaries</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_Wars" title="Cantabrian Wars">Cantabrian Wars</a> began in <span class="nowrap">29 BC.</span><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were defeated by <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Vipsanius_Agrippa" title="Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa">Agrippa</a> with great slaughter in <span class="nowrap">19 BC</span>, but they revolted again under <a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a> and were never entirely subdued.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In older geographers, the term Cantabria referred to an expansive country bounded by the Cantabrian Sea (the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Biscay" title="Bay of Biscay">Bay of Biscay</a>), the western side of the <a href="/wiki/Sella_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Sella River">Sella valley</a> in <a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Asturias</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hillfort" title="Hillfort">hillfort</a> of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pe%C3%B1a_Amaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peña Amaya (page does not exist)">Peña Amaya</a> in <a href="/wiki/Burgos_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Burgos (province)">Burgos</a>, and along the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aguera_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aguera River (page does not exist)">Aguera River</a> almost as far as <a href="/wiki/Castro_Urdiales" title="Castro Urdiales">Castro Urdiales</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It thus included areas of <a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Asturias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santander,_Spain" title="Santander, Spain">Santander</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biscay" title="Biscay">Biscay</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Guipuzcoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Guipuzcoa">Guipuzcoa</a>. Following the <a href="/wiki/Roman_conquest_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman conquest of Spain">Roman conquest of Spain</a>, however, it was restricted to the area of <a href="/wiki/Santander,_Spain" title="Santander, Spain">Santander</a> and eastern <a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Asturias</a>, forming a part of <a href="/wiki/Hispania_Tarraconensis" title="Hispania Tarraconensis">Hispania Tarraconensis</a> ("<a href="/wiki/Tarragona" title="Tarragona">Tarragonan</a> Spain").<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The principal tribes of the area were the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pleutauri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pleutauri (page does not exist)">Pleutauri</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Varduli" title="Varduli">Varduli</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Autrigones" title="Autrigones">Autrigones</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuisi (page does not exist)">Tuisi</a>, and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Conisci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conisci (page does not exist)">Conisci</a> or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Concaui&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Concaui (page does not exist)">Concaui</a>, who were known for <a href="/wiki/Blood_drinking" class="mw-redirect" title="Blood drinking">feeding on their horses' blood</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The area was well settled, with the largest city being <a href="/wiki/Juliobriga" title="Juliobriga">Juliobriga</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the local mountains exploited for <a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">lead</a> mines.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1911_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1911-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantabria&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Cantabria" title="Special:EditPage/Cantabria">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ducado_de_Cantabria.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Ducado_de_Cantabria.png/200px-Ducado_de_Cantabria.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Ducado_de_Cantabria.png/300px-Ducado_de_Cantabria.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Ducado_de_Cantabria.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="250" /></a><figcaption>Borders of the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Cantabria" title="Duchy of Cantabria">Duchy of Cantabria</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Following the collapse of the Roman Empire, Cantabria regained its independence from the rule of the <a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a>. In 574, King <a href="/wiki/Liuvigild" title="Liuvigild">Liuvigild</a> attacked Cantabria and managed to capture the south of the country, including the city of <a href="/wiki/Amaya_(Burgos)" title="Amaya (Burgos)">Amaya</a>, where he established a Visigothic province called the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Cantabria" title="Duchy of Cantabria">Duchy of Cantabria</a> (see picture), which would serve as a <a href="/wiki/Limes_(Roman_Empire)" title="Limes (Roman Empire)">limes</a> or frontier zone to contain the Cantabri as well as their neighbors the <a href="/wiki/Vascones" title="Vascones">Vascones</a>. To the north of this cordon, however, the Cantabri continued to live independently until the Arab invasion. In 714, a mixed <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a>/<a href="/wiki/Berber_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Berber people">Berber</a> army of <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> Moors invaded the upper valleys of the Ebro and succeeded in capturing Amaya, the Cantabrian capital, forcing the Cantabrians back to their traditional frontiers, where they joined forces with the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Asturias" title="Kingdom of Asturias">Kingdom of Asturias</a>. In the first chronicles of the <a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a>, Cantabria still appears to be acknowledged as a region. In the <i>Albendense Chronicle</i>, when speaking of <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_I_of_Asturias" title="Alfonso I of Asturias">Alfonso I</a>, it says, "This was the son of <a href="/wiki/Peter_of_Cantabria" title="Peter of Cantabria">Peter</a>, the duke of Cantabria".<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 9th century, on mentioning the monastery of Saint Zacharias, in a letter sent to <a href="/wiki/Wiliesind" title="Wiliesind">Wiliesind</a>, bishop of Pamplona, <a href="/wiki/Eulogius_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Eulogius of Córdoba">Eulogius of Córdoba</a> pinpoints it in <i>Seburim</i> (maybe <a href="/wiki/Zubiri,_Navarre" title="Zubiri, Navarre">Zubiri</a>) on the <a href="/wiki/Arga_(river)" title="Arga (river)">river Arga</a>, "waters all of Cantabria", suggesting a region stretching out far into the east. From this period on, source documents barely reference Cantabria by name, with <i>Asturias</i> featuring in names of the <i>comarcas</i> called <i><a href="/wiki/Asturias_de_Santillana" title="Asturias de Santillana">Asturias de Santillana</a></i>, <i>Asturias de Trasmiera</i> and <i>Asturias de Laredo</i>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bataille_de_la_Rochelle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Bataille_de_la_Rochelle.jpg/200px-Bataille_de_la_Rochelle.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Bataille_de_la_Rochelle.jpg/300px-Bataille_de_la_Rochelle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Bataille_de_la_Rochelle.jpg/400px-Bataille_de_la_Rochelle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2014" data-file-height="1907" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_La_Rochelle" title="Battle of La Rochelle">Battle of La Rochelle</a>. Castilian army, formed by Cantabrians from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brotherhood_of_the_Four_Cities&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brotherhood of the Four Cities (page does not exist)">Brotherhood of the Four Cities</a>, defeated the English army, getting the control of the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Crown of Castile</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>From a central core formed by the <i>Hermandad de las Cuatro Villas</i> (<i>Brotherhood of the Four Cities</i>) (Santander, Laredo, Castro Urdiales and <a href="/wiki/San_Vicente_de_la_Barquera" title="San Vicente de la Barquera">San Vicente de la Barquera</a>), the <i>Hermandad de las Marismas</i> (<i>Brotherhood of the Marshes</i>) was created, thereby uniting all the important seaports to the East of Asturias. During the period of the Reconquista, the Four Cities actively participated in the re-settling of Andalusia, dispatching men and ships. The coastal port cities of <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1diz" title="Cádiz">Cádiz</a> and <a href="/wiki/El_Puerto_de_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa" title="El Puerto de Santa María">El Puerto de Santa María</a> were settled by families from the Cantabrian Sea ports. Ships from the Four Cities took part in the taking of <a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a>, destroying the ship bridge linking <a href="/wiki/Triana_(Seville)" class="mw-redirect" title="Triana (Seville)">Triana</a> and Sevilla, a victory that is represented by the <a href="/wiki/Carrack" title="Carrack">Carrack</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Torre_del_Oro" title="Torre del Oro">Torre del Oro</a> of Sevilla in the coat of arms of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coat_of_arms_of_Santander&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coat of arms of Santander (page does not exist)">Santander</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Cantabria" title="Coat of arms of Cantabria">Coat of arms of Cantabria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Avil%C3%A9s" title="Avilés">Avilés</a> (Asturias). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="16th_to_18th_centuries">16th to 18th centuries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantabria&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 16th to 18th centuries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Cantabria" title="Special:EditPage/Cantabria">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In the 16th century, the name <i>La Montaña</i> (<i>The Mountain</i>) was widespread in popular usage and in literature, as a designation of the Ancient Cantabria, as opposed to <a href="/wiki/Castile_(historical_region)" title="Castile (historical region)">Castile</a>, which referred solely to the <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Spain#The_Inner_Plateau_and_associated_mountains" title="Geography of Spain">Central Plateau</a>. This distinction has survived into modern times. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hermandad_de_las_Cuatro_Villas.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Hermandad_de_las_Cuatro_Villas.svg/200px-Hermandad_de_las_Cuatro_Villas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Hermandad_de_las_Cuatro_Villas.svg/300px-Hermandad_de_las_Cuatro_Villas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Hermandad_de_las_Cuatro_Villas.svg/400px-Hermandad_de_las_Cuatro_Villas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="938" data-file-height="1119" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brotherhood_of_the_Four_Cities&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brotherhood of the Four Cities (page does not exist)">Brotherhood of the Four Cities</a>, antecedent to the Cantabrian region and the main Castilian port at the time.</figcaption></figure> <p>With the rise of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Monarchs">Catholic Monarchs</a>, the Brethren of the Marshes disappeared, leaving the Coregiment of the Four Villas, which included the whole area of influence of the old Brethren of the Four Villas (almost all of Cantabria). During the <i><a href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancien Régime">ancien régime</a></i>, the greatest jurisdictional lordships of Cantabria were mainly under the control of three of the <a href="/wiki/Grandee" title="Grandee">Grandee families</a> of Spain: that of <b>Mendoza</b> (<a href="/wiki/Dukedom_of_Infantado" class="mw-redirect" title="Dukedom of Infantado">Dukes of Infantado</a>, Marquises of Santillana), of <b>Manrique de Lara</b> (Marquises of Aguilar de Campoo, <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Casta%C3%B1eda" title="Count of Castañeda">Counts of Castañeda</a>), and to a lesser extent that of <b>Velasco</b> (<a href="/wiki/Dukedom_of_Fr%C3%ADas" class="mw-redirect" title="Dukedom of Frías">Dukes of Frías</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constable_of_Castile" title="Constable of Castile">Constables of Castile</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the 16th century on, there was renewed interest in studying Cantabria and the Cantabri, particularly concerning the precise location of the territory that this people had occupied. It was not until the 18th century that the debate about the location and size of Ancient Cantabria was settled in a series of works which described the history of the region such as <i>La Cantabria</i><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by the Augustinian father and historian Enrique Flórez de Setién. Concurrent with the resurgence of this interest in the Cantabrians and the clarification of the aforementioned polemic, many institutions, organizations and jurisdictions in the mountainous territory received the name of "Cantabrian" or "of Cantabria".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1727, the first attempt to unify what would later become the province of Cantabria occurred. Despite this, the high level of autonomy that the small entities of the fractured estate of Cantabria enjoyed, combined with a lack of resources, continued to be the main reason for Cantabria's weakness, aggravated by the progressive advance of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">Bourbonic</a> <a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">centralism</a> and its administrative efficiency. The latter continually emphasised the impossibility of the smaller territories facing a multitude of problems on their own: from communications to the exercise of justice, from putting aside adequate reserves for hard times to the indiscriminate <a href="/wiki/Lev%C3%A9e_en_masse" title="Levée en masse">levees</a> for soldiers, and above all the progression of fiscal impositions. All of this led to an acceleration of contact between villas, valleys and jurisdictions, which tended to focus on the Assemblies of the provinces of the Nine Valleys, led by the deputies elected by the traditional entities of self-government.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>There were two events that triggered the culmination of the integration process in this second attempt: </p> <ul><li>On the one hand, the collective interest in avoiding making contributions to the reconstruction of the bridge of <a href="/wiki/Miranda_de_Ebro" title="Miranda de Ebro">Miranda de Ebro</a>, imposed by order of the Intendant of <a href="/wiki/Burgos" title="Burgos">Burgos</a> on 11 July 1775, the same year that Cantabria suffered two tremendous floods, on 20 June and on 3 November. There was a need to face as the banditry that operated with impunity in Cantabria as a result of a lack of local juridical resources. After the General Deputy of Nine Valleys gathered the affected jurisdictions to the assembly that was to take place in Puente San Miguel on 21 March 1777, they sent their respective deputies with sufficient authority to join with the Nine Valleys.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <p>In this General Assembly a framework was established and formal steps began to be taken, leading to administrative and legal unity in 1778. This all culminated in the success of the Assembly held in the Assembly House of <i>Puente San Miguel</i> on 28 July 1778, where the province of Cantabria was constituted. It was achieved by passing the common ordinances which had been developed to that end, and which had been discussed and approved previously in councils of all the villas, valleys and subscribed jurisdictions. They were, in addition to the Nine Valleys: Rivadedeva, Peñamellera, the province of Liébana, Peñarrubia, Lamasón, Rionansa, the Villa of San Vicente de la Barquera, Coto de Estrada, Valdáliga, the Villa of Santillana del Mar, Lugar de Viérnoles, the Villa of Cartes and environs, the Valley of Buelna, the Valley of Cieza, the Valley of Iguña with the Villas of San Vicente and Los Llares, the Villa of Pujayo, the Villa of Pie de Concha y Bárcena, the Valley of Anievas, and the Valley of Toranzo. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cnt-baston.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Cnt-baston.PNG/200px-Cnt-baston.PNG" decoding="async" width="200" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Cnt-baston.PNG/300px-Cnt-baston.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Cnt-baston.PNG/400px-Cnt-baston.PNG 2x" data-file-width="905" data-file-height="560" /></a><figcaption> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FA8072; color:black;"> </span> Party and Baton of <a href="/wiki/Laredo,_Cantabria" class="mw-redirect" title="Laredo, Cantabria">Laredo</a> (Province of Cantabria)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Merindad" title="Merindad">Merindad</a> of <a href="/wiki/Campoo" title="Campoo">Campoo</a> (Province of Toro).</div></figcaption></figure> <p>Having learned lessons from the failed attempt of 1727, the first objective of the new entity was to obtain approval from King <a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain" title="Charles III of Spain">Charles III</a> for the union of all the Cantabrian jurisdictions into one province. The royal ratification was granted on 22 November 1779. </p><p>The 28 jurisdictions that initially comprised the province of Cantabria were clear in their intention that all the other jurisdictions that formed the <i>Party and Baton of the Four Villas of the Coast</i> should be included in the new province. To this end they set out the steps needed for this to happen as soon as those jurisdictions should request it. They would have to abide by the ordinances, having the same rights and duties as the founders, all on an equal footing. Thus, the following joined in quick succession: the Abbey of <a href="/wiki/Santillana_del_Mar" title="Santillana del Mar">Santillana</a>, the Valleys of <a href="/wiki/Tudanca" title="Tudanca">Tudanca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polaciones" title="Polaciones">Polaciones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herrer%C3%ADas" title="Herrerías">Herrerías</a>, <a href="/wiki/Casta%C3%B1eda" title="Castañeda">Castañeda</a>, the Villa of <a href="/wiki/Torrelavega" title="Torrelavega">Torrelavega</a> and environs, <a href="/wiki/Val_de_San_Vicente" title="Val de San Vicente">Val de San Vicente</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valle_de_Carriedo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valle de Carriedo (page does not exist)">Valle de Carriedo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tresviso" title="Tresviso">Tresviso</a>, and the Pasiegan Villas of <a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Vega,_Cantabria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Vega, Cantabria (page does not exist)">La Vega</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Roque,_Cantabria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Roque, Cantabria (page does not exist)">San Roque</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Pedro,_Cantabria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Pedro, Cantabria (page does not exist)">San Pedro</a>, as well as the city of Santander with its abbey. </p><p>Competition between the townships of Laredo and Santander led to the latter, having initially allowed the name of Cantabria for the province created at the beginning of the 19th century, later retracting its consent and demanding that it bear the name of Santander, so there would be no doubt as to which was the capital. When in 1821 the Provincial Council presented before the constitutional <a href="/wiki/Cortes_Generales" title="Cortes Generales">Courts</a> its definitive plan for the provincial borders and legal entities, it proposed the name of province of Cantabria, to which the Township of Santander replied that "<i>this province must retain the name of Santander</i>". However, many newspapers still showed in their headings the name of Cantabria, or Cantabrian. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantabria&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Cantabria" title="Special:EditPage/Cantabria">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Estatua_de_Pedro_Velarde_-_Santander.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Estatua_de_Pedro_Velarde_-_Santander.jpg/200px-Estatua_de_Pedro_Velarde_-_Santander.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Estatua_de_Pedro_Velarde_-_Santander.jpg/300px-Estatua_de_Pedro_Velarde_-_Santander.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Estatua_de_Pedro_Velarde_-_Santander.jpg/400px-Estatua_de_Pedro_Velarde_-_Santander.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>A statue in Santander erected in honor of Cantabrian artillery captain <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Velarde_y_Santill%C3%A1n" title="Pedro Velarde y Santillán">Pedro Velarde y Santillán</a>, hero of the <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Spanish war of independence</a>, who died 2 May 1808, during the uprising against the French occupation of Madrid.</figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">War of Independence</a> (1808–1814), Bishop Rafael Tomás Menéndez de Luarca, a strong defender of absolutism, promoted himself as the "Regent of Cantabria" and established the <i>Cantabrian Armaments</i> in Santander, a section of the army whose purpose was to travel to all the mountain passes from the Central Plateau to detain any French troop. </p><p>Although defeated, he managed later to regroup in Liébana under the command of General Juan Díaz Porlier, calling his forces the <i>Cantabrian Division</i>, in which there were various regiments and battalions, such as the <i><a href="/wiki/Hussar" title="Hussar">Hussars</a> of Cantabria</i> (<a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">cavalry</a>) or the <i>Shooters of Cantabria</i> (<a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">infantry</a>). During the <a href="/wiki/First_Carlist_War" title="First Carlist War">Carlist wars</a> they formed a unit called the <i>Cantabrian Brigade</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantabria&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Cantabria" title="Special:EditPage/Cantabria">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The use of terms with ancestral resonance through the 18th and 19th centuries continued during the 20th century, taking on a political tone that was distinctly regionalist, until 1936. In fact, the <i>Republican Federal Party</i> produced an autonomy statute for a Cantabrian-Castilian Federal State that year, which would include present-day Cantabria and any neighbouring areas from <a href="/wiki/Castile_(historical_region)" title="Castile (historical region)">Castile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Asturias</a> willing to join it. It could not be passed because of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Civil War</a>. Following the war and the subsequent marginalization of such efforts under the <a href="/wiki/Spain_under_Franco" class="mw-redirect" title="Spain under Franco">Francoists regime</a>, the use of the name of Cantabria decreased, to the point that for official purposes it was relegated to sports associations, the only arena in which Cantabria was noted as a region. </p><p>In 1963, the president of the Provincial Council, Pedro Escalante y Huidobro, proposed reapplying the name of Cantabria to the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Santander" class="mw-redirect" title="Province of Santander">Province of Santander</a>, as suggested in an academic report written by the historian Tomás Maza Solano. Although further steps were taken and many of the townships were in favour of the move, the petition did not succeed, mostly due to the opposition of Santander City Council. On 30 December 1981, a process that had been started in April 1979 by the Council of <a href="/wiki/Cabez%C3%B3n_de_la_Sal" title="Cabezón de la Sal">Cabezón de la Sal</a>, under the presidency of Ambrosio Calzada Hernández, culminated in the granting of self-rule to Cantabria, outlined in Article 143 of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Constitution">Spanish Constitution</a>. Cantabria based its claim to autonomy on the constitutional precept that made provision for self-government for "<i>provinces with a historic regional character</i>". </p><p>A Mixed Assembly formed out of provincial deputies and national members of parliament began the task of drawing up an <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Autonomy_of_Cantabria" title="Statute of Autonomy of Cantabria">Autonomy Statute</a> on 10 September 1979. Following the approval of the General Courts on 15 December 1981, the <a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I" title="Juan Carlos I">King of Spain</a> signed the corresponding Organic Law of Autonomy Statute for Cantabria on 30 December of the same year. Thus, the province of Santander broke its link to Castile, and left the former region of Castile and León to which it had belonged up to that time, together with the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Province_of_%C3%81vila" title="Province of Ávila">Ávila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Burgos" title="Province of Burgos">Burgos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Province of León">León</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Rioja_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="La Rioja (Spain)">Logroño</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Palencia" title="Province of Palencia">Palencia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Salamanca" title="Province of Salamanca">Salamanca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Segovia" title="Province of Segovia">Segovia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Soria" title="Province of Soria">Soria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Valladolid" title="Province of Valladolid">Valladolid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Zamora" title="Province of Zamora">Zamora</a>. </p><p>On 20 February 1982, the first Regional Assembly (now Parliament) was formed, with provisional status. From this time, the former province of Santander has been known as Cantabria and has thereby regained its historic name. The first home-rule elections were held in May 1983. The 4th Legislature (1995–1999) brought into effect the first great reform of the Autonomy Statute of Cantabria, approved by all the parliamentary groups. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_administration">Government and administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantabria&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Government and administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Autonomy_Statute_of_Cantabria" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomy Statute of Cantabria">Autonomy Statute of Cantabria</a><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of 30 December 1981, established that Cantabria has in its institutions the desire to respect fundamental rights and public freedom, at the same time as consolidating and stimulating regional development through democratic channels. This document gathers all competences of the Autonomous Community that were transferred from the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Spain" title="Government of Spain">Government of Spain</a>. As in other Autonomous Communities, some competences were not transferred, for example, Justice. The Statute also defines the symbols that should represent the region: The <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Cantabria" title="Flag of Cantabria">flag</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Cantabria" title="Coat of arms of Cantabria">coat of arms</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Himno_de_Cantabria" class="mw-redirect" title="Himno de Cantabria">anthem of Cantabria</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Cantabria" title="Parliament of Cantabria">Parliament of Cantabria</a><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the principal self-government institution of the Autonomous Community, being the representative body of the Cantabrians. Presently it is constituted by thirty-nine deputies elected by universal, equal, free, direct and secret suffrage. The primary functions of the Parliament are: to exercise the <a href="/wiki/Legislation" title="Legislation">legislative power</a>, to approve the budgets of the Autonomous Community, to motivate and control the actions of the government, and to develop the rest of the competences that the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Constitution">Spanish Constitution</a>, the Autonomy Statute and the rest of the legal order bestow on it. The <a href="/wiki/President_of_Cantabria" title="President of Cantabria">President of the Autonomous Community</a> holds the highest representation of the Community and ordinary representation of the Country in Cantabria, and presides over the Government, coordinating its activities.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Cantabria" title="Government of Cantabria">Government of Cantabria</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the body in charge of directing the political activities and exercising the executive and regulatory powers according to the Constitution, the Statute and the laws. The Government is made up of the President, the Vicepresident (in which the President can delegate his executive functions and representations) and the Councillors, who are appointed and ceased by the President.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>After several legislatures presided by the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Spain)" title="People's Party (Spain)">Partido Popular</a> or by Juan Hormaechea's UPCA, the Regional Government of Cantabria was directed by a coalition of the <a href="/wiki/Regionalist_Party_of_Cantabria" title="Regionalist Party of Cantabria">Regionalist Party of Cantabria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Socialist_Workers%27_Party" title="Spanish Socialist Workers' Party">Spanish Socialist Workers' Party</a> (PSOE) from year 2003 until 2011. The President was <a href="/wiki/Miguel_%C3%81ngel_Revilla" title="Miguel Ángel Revilla">Miguel Ángel Revilla</a> of <a href="/wiki/Partido_Regionalista_de_Cantabria" class="mw-redirect" title="Partido Regionalista de Cantabria">Partido Regionalista de Cantabria</a> (PRC), and the Vice President was Dolores Gorostiaga of the PSOE. As a result of the absolute majority of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Spain)" title="People's Party (Spain)">Partido Popular</a> in the regional elections of 2011, the president from 2011 to 2015 was <a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Diego_Palacios" class="mw-redirect" title="Ignacio Diego Palacios">Ignacio Diego Palacios</a>, and the Vice President was also the healthcare Councillor, Maria José Sáenz de Buruaga. After the 2015 regional elections, Miguel Ángel Revilla of Partido Regionalista de Cantabria (PRC) was invested president for a third tenure with the support of PSOE.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Territorial_organization">Territorial organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantabria&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Territorial organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The autonomous community of Cantabria is structured in <i><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Spain" title="Municipalities of Spain">municipios</a></i> (municipalities) and <i><a href="/wiki/Comarcas_of_Spain" title="Comarcas of Spain">comarcas</a></i> (regions). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Municipalities">Municipalities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantabria&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Municipalities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Comarcas_administrativas_de_Cantabria.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Comarcas_administrativas_de_Cantabria.svg/400px-Comarcas_administrativas_de_Cantabria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Comarcas_administrativas_de_Cantabria.svg/600px-Comarcas_administrativas_de_Cantabria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Comarcas_administrativas_de_Cantabria.svg/800px-Comarcas_administrativas_de_Cantabria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption>Map of the municipalities and <i>comarcas</i> of Cantabria <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF0000; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/As%C3%B3n-Ag%C3%BCera" title="Asón-Agüera">Asón and Agüera valleys</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#D40055; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Besaya_Valley" title="Besaya Valley">Besaya Valley</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#D4AA00; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Campoo" title="Campoo">Campoo</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#00AA00; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Western_coast_of_Cantabria" title="Western coast of Cantabria">Western coast of Cantabria</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#892CA0; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Eastern_coast_of_Cantabria" title="Eastern coast of Cantabria">Eastern coast of Cantabria</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#AA0000; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A9bana" title="Liébana">Liébana</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#CCFF00; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Saja_and_Nansa_valleys" title="Saja and Nansa valleys">Saja and Nansa valleys</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#808000; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Santander" title="Bay of Santander">Bay of Santander</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#66FF00; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Trasmiera" title="Trasmiera">Trasmiera</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#008080; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Valles_Pasiegos" title="Valles Pasiegos">Valles Pasiegos</a>.</div> </figcaption></figure> <p>There are 102 municipalities in Cantabria generally comprising several townships, and from these, several districts. A number of municipalities bear the name of one of their townships (be it its capital or not), but not all them do. Each municipality is governed by its own <a href="/wiki/City_council" class="mw-redirect" title="City council">city</a> or <a href="/wiki/Municipal_council" title="Municipal council">municipal council</a>, and two of them, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tresviso,_Cantabria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tresviso, Cantabria (page does not exist)">Tresviso</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pesquera,_Cantabria" title="Pesquera, Cantabria">Pesquera</a>, did it by <i>concejo abierto</i> (<i>open council</i>) until 2011, having fewer than 250 inhabitants.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Mancomunidad Campoo-Cabuérniga is not a municipality, but a communal property, singular for its size and characteristics, of shared management between the municipalities of <a href="/wiki/Hermandad_de_Campoo_de_Suso" title="Hermandad de Campoo de Suso">Hermandad de Campoo de Suso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cabu%C3%A9rniga" title="Cabuérniga">Cabuérniga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Tojos" title="Los Tojos">Los Tojos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ruente" title="Ruente">Ruente</a>. This mountain estate is used as a grazing ground for <a href="/wiki/Tudanca_cattle" title="Tudanca cattle">Tudanca cattle</a> and also for horses in less amount, in its <i>brañas</i> or grass prairies, and even nowadays <a href="/wiki/Transhumant" class="mw-redirect" title="Transhumant">transhumant</a> cattle farming traditions survive in this region.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>See also: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Cantabria" title="List of municipalities in Cantabria">List of municipalities in Cantabria</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comarcas_(regions)"><span id="Comarcas_.28regions.29"></span><i>Comarcas</i> (regions)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantabria&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Comarcas (regions)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Cantabrian legislation divides the autonomous community in administrative regions called <i>comarcas</i>, but traditionally, other subdivisions of the territory have been used. </p> <ul><li><b>Administrative regions</b></li></ul> <p><i>Law 8/1999 of </i>Comarcas<i> of the Autonomous Community of Cantabria</i> of 28 April 1999 establishes that the comarca is a necessary entity, integral in the territorial organization of the region. This law opens the development of the <i>comarcalization</i> in Cantabria promoting the creation of <i>comarcal</i> entities, which have barely begun to appear. The law establishes that the creation of comarcas will not become mandatory for the whole territory until at least the 70% of it had not been <i>comarcalized</i> by its own will. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="confusing (August 2015)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It also adds that Santander will not ruled by comarcalization and should establish its own <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a> instead.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><i>Comarcas</i> in Cantabria have not reached administrative nature and barely have definite borders. Only Liébana for its geographic position in Picos de Europa, Trasmiera and Campoo, in the Ebro basin are established are clearly defined <i>comarcas</i> in the region. Nevertheless, functional differences in the territory can be distinguished, dividing it in the following areas: <a href="/wiki/Santander_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Santander Bay">Santander Bay</a>, of industrial and urban nature; <a href="/wiki/Besaya_valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Besaya valley">Besaya</a>, also industrial; <a href="/wiki/Saja_and_Nansa_valleys" title="Saja and Nansa valleys">Saja-Nansa</a>, eminently rural; <a href="/wiki/Western_coast_of_Cantabria" title="Western coast of Cantabria">Western Coast</a>, which has urban character; <a href="/wiki/Eastern_coast_of_Cantabria" title="Eastern coast of Cantabria">Eastern Coast</a>, vacational; the traditionally renowned <a href="/wiki/Trasmiera" title="Trasmiera">Trasmiera</a>; rural <a href="/wiki/Valles_Pasiegos" title="Valles Pasiegos">Pas-Miera</a>; <a href="/wiki/As%C3%B3n_valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Asón valley">Asón-Agüera</a>, also mainly rural; the very well defined <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A9bana" title="Liébana">Liébana</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Campoo" title="Campoo">Campoo-Los Valles</a>, rural and industrial by regions. </p> <ul><li><b>Natural regions</b> (regarding geographical features) <ul><li>Coastal strip</li> <li>Central strip (Cantabrian valleys perpendicular to the coast): Liébana, Saja and Nansa, Besaya, Pas and Miera (or Valles Pasiegos), and Asón-Gándara valleys.</li> <li>Southern strip (Rivers Ebro and Duero's basins): Campoo and Southern valleys</li></ul></li> <li><b>Historic regions</b></li></ul> <p>Until the 13th century, Cantabria was organized in valleys, as was typical in all of northern Spain. From then on, it was substituted by the organization in cities, towns or historic <i>comarcas</i> that grouped several valleys. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantabria&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Cantabria" title="Special:EditPage/Cantabria">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Santander.Banco.Santander.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Santander.Banco.Santander.jpg/200px-Santander.Banco.Santander.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Santander.Banco.Santander.jpg/300px-Santander.Banco.Santander.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Santander.Banco.Santander.jpg/400px-Santander.Banco.Santander.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2548" data-file-height="1911" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Banco_Santander" title="Banco Santander">Banco Santander</a> headquarters, in <i>Paseo de Pereda</i>, Santander</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Economy" title="Economy">economy</a> of Cantabria has a <a href="/wiki/Primary_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary sector">primary sector</a>, now in decline, employing 5.8% of the active population in the <a href="/wiki/Industry_(economics)" title="Industry (economics)">industries</a> of cattle farming, traditional dairy farming, and meat production; agriculture, especially corn, potatoes, vegetables, and roughage; maritime fishing; and the mining of <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">zinc</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quarry" title="Quarry">quarries</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Secondary_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Secondary sector">secondary sector</a> which employs 30.3% of the active population is the sector with the most productivity in recent years due to construction; that of <a href="/wiki/Ironwork" title="Ironwork">ironworking</a> (Reinosa being the most important city), food service (milk, meat, vegetables and seafood), <a href="/wiki/Chemical_industry" title="Chemical industry">chemistry</a> (Solvay, Sniace), paper production (Sinace, Papelera del Besaya), <a href="/wiki/Textile" title="Textile">textile</a> fabrication (Textil Santanderina in Cabezón de la Sal), <a href="/wiki/Pharmacy" title="Pharmacy">pharmacy</a> (Moehs in Requejada), industrial groups and transport, etc. The <a href="/wiki/Service_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Service sector">service sector</a> employs 63.8% of the active population and is increasing, given that large concentrations of the population live in the urban centers and the importance that <a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">tourism</a> has acquired in the recent years. As of July 2014, the <a href="/wiki/Unemployment" title="Unemployment">unemployment</a> rate in Cantabria is 19.3%, compared to 24.47% in Spain; while as of April 2010 its <a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">purchasing power parity</a> was €25,326, compared to €26,100 in Spain and €25,100 in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a>25. In 2007, Cantabria's growth of real <a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a> was 4.1%, compared to a 3.9% average for Spain. The <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">Gross domestic product</a> (GDP) of the region was 13.8 billion € in 2018. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was €25,500 or 84% of the EU27 average in the same year.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation_and_communications">Transportation and communications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantabria&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Transportation and communications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Santander.Airport.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Santander.Airport.jpg/200px-Santander.Airport.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Santander.Airport.jpg/300px-Santander.Airport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Santander.Airport.jpg/400px-Santander.Airport.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2728" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Parayas airport, located in the municipality of <a href="/wiki/Camargo,_Cantabria" class="mw-redirect" title="Camargo, Cantabria">Camargo</a>, 5 km from Santander</figcaption></figure> <p>The most significant consequence of the strong relief of the Cantabrian territory is the existence of topographic barriers that condition decisively the courses of the linking infrastructures, as much in the north–south orientation in the accesses to the <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Spain#The_Inner_Plateau_and_associated_mountains" title="Geography of Spain">Castilian Mesa</a>, as in the east–west in the communication between valleys. Moreover, the cost of their construction and maintenance is much higher than average.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The main communications infrastructures of the region are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Santander_Airport" title="Santander Airport">Santander Airport</a></li> <li>Cantabrian Motorway (<a href="/wiki/Autov%C3%ADa_A-8" title="Autovía A-8">Autovía A-8</a>, European route E-70)</li> <li>Cantabria-Meseta Motorway (<a href="/wiki/Autov%C3%ADa_A-67" title="Autovía A-67">Autovía A-67</a>)</li> <li>Narrow-gauge <a href="/wiki/Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway">railway</a> <a href="/wiki/Santander,_Cantabria" class="mw-redirect" title="Santander, Cantabria">Santander</a>-<a href="/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Renfe_Feve" title="Renfe Feve">Renfe Feve</a>)</li> <li>Narrow-gauge railway Santander-<a href="/wiki/Bilbao" title="Bilbao">Bilbao</a> (Renfe Feve)</li> <li>Broad-gauge railway Santander-<a href="/wiki/Palencia" title="Palencia">Palencia</a>-<a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a>-<a href="/wiki/%C3%81vila,_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ávila, Spain">Ávila</a>-<a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> (<a href="/wiki/Renfe" title="Renfe">Renfe</a>)</li> <li>Broad-gauge high-speed railway Santander-<a href="/wiki/Torrelavega" title="Torrelavega">Torrelavega</a>-<a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a>-<a href="/wiki/Segovia" title="Segovia">Segovia</a>-<a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> (<a href="/wiki/Renfe" title="Renfe">Renfe</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferry" title="Ferry">Ferry</a> line Santander-<a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mass_media_and_public_opinion">Mass media and public opinion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantabria&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Mass media and public opinion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Cantabria" title="Special:EditPage/Cantabria">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In Cantabria, there are two daily regional newspapers in addition to the national ones: <i>El Diario Montañés</i> and <i>Alerta</i>, as well as many weekly, fortnightly and monthly publications. The main national radio stations have transmitter stations in places like Santander, Torrelavega, Castro-Urdiales, or Reinosa. There are also numerous local and regional stations. For the moment, there is no Cantabrian autonomic television with public financing, although some local channels exist (including Canal 8 DM, TeleBahía, Telecabarga, Localia TV Cantabria, etc.). In recent years, the Internet has allowed new informative proposals to emerge in the shape of digital diaries or blogs, which contribute to enrich the mediatic panorama of the region. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantabria&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Techo_de_Altamira_(replica)-Museo_Arqueol%C3%B3gico_Nacional.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Techo_de_Altamira_%28replica%29-Museo_Arqueol%C3%B3gico_Nacional.jpg/200px-Techo_de_Altamira_%28replica%29-Museo_Arqueol%C3%B3gico_Nacional.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Techo_de_Altamira_%28replica%29-Museo_Arqueol%C3%B3gico_Nacional.jpg/300px-Techo_de_Altamira_%28replica%29-Museo_Arqueol%C3%B3gico_Nacional.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Techo_de_Altamira_%28replica%29-Museo_Arqueol%C3%B3gico_Nacional.jpg/400px-Techo_de_Altamira_%28replica%29-Museo_Arqueol%C3%B3gico_Nacional.jpg 2x" data-file-width="699" data-file-height="479" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Altamira_Cave" class="mw-redirect" title="Altamira Cave">Altamira Cave</a> paintings, made by <a href="/wiki/Cro-Magnon" title="Cro-Magnon">Cro-Magnons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-timesonline.co.uk_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timesonline.co.uk-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantabria&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> is the official language of Cantabria. The eastern part of Cantabria contributed to the origins of <a href="/wiki/Old_Spanish" title="Old Spanish">Medieval Spanish</a> in a significant way. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In western areas, there are remnants of the <a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantabrian dialect">Cantabrian language</a>, also called <i>"montañés"</i>, and it is also somewhat preserved in parts of the Pas and Soba valleys in its eastern zone. Cantabrian can be viewed as a dialect of the wider <a href="/wiki/Astur-Leonese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Astur-Leonese language">Astur-Leonese language</a> continuum, and is <a href="/wiki/Mutually_intelligible" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutually intelligible">mutually intelligible</a> with varieties in neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Asturias</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monuments_and_museums">Monuments and museums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantabria&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Monuments and museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Pasiega-Galeria_C-panel_77.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/La_Pasiega-Galeria_C-panel_77.png/100px-La_Pasiega-Galeria_C-panel_77.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/La_Pasiega-Galeria_C-panel_77.png/150px-La_Pasiega-Galeria_C-panel_77.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/La_Pasiega-Galeria_C-panel_77.png/200px-La_Pasiega-Galeria_C-panel_77.png 2x" data-file-width="343" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>One of the many paleolithic paintings in the <a href="/wiki/Cave_of_La_Pasiega" title="Cave of La Pasiega">Cave of La Pasiega</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b>Caves</b>: <a href="/wiki/Altamira_(cave)" class="mw-redirect" title="Altamira (cave)">Altamira Cave</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cave_of_El_Soplao" title="Cave of El Soplao">El Soplao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cave_del_Valle_(Cantabria)" title="Cave del Valle (Cantabria)">Del Valle</a>, El Pendo, <a href="/wiki/Cueva_de_La_Pasiega" class="mw-redirect" title="Cueva de La Pasiega">La Pasiega Cave</a>, Las Monedas, El Castillo, Morín, and others.</li> <li><b>Civil architecture</b>: <a href="/wiki/Palacio_de_la_Magdalena" title="Palacio de la Magdalena">Magdalena palace</a> in Santander; Capricho de Gaudí, <a href="/wiki/Comillas_Pontifical_University" title="Comillas Pontifical University">Pontifical University of Comillas</a> and Sobrellano palace in Comillas; Bárcena palace in Ampuero; Castle of Argüeso in Campoo; Hornillos palace in Las Fraguas del Besaya; etc.</li> <li><b>Religious architecture</b>: Collegiate of Santillana del Mar, Collegiate of Santa Cruz de Castañeda, <a href="/wiki/Santo_Toribio_de_Li%C3%A9bana" title="Santo Toribio de Liébana">Santo Toribio de Liébana Monastery</a>, Santa María de Lebeña, Santa María de Piasca, Santa María del Puerto, San Román del Moroso, Santa Catalina del Cintul, Santuario de Virgen de la Peña, ermita de San Cipriano, ermita de Monte Corona, etc.</li> <li><b>Museums</b>: Cantabrian Sea Maritime Museum, Ethnographic Museum of Cantabria, Santander Museum of Fine Arts, Regional Museum of Prehistory and Arqueology of Cantabria, Cantabrian Museum of Nature, Altamira National Museum and Investigation Centre, and others.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Universities">Universities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantabria&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Universities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palacio_de_la_Magdalena.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Palacio_de_la_Magdalena.jpg/200px-Palacio_de_la_Magdalena.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Palacio_de_la_Magdalena.jpg/300px-Palacio_de_la_Magdalena.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Palacio_de_la_Magdalena.jpg/400px-Palacio_de_la_Magdalena.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1571" data-file-height="1135" /></a><figcaption><b>International University Menéndez Pelayo</b>. <a href="/wiki/Palacio_de_la_Magdalena" title="Palacio de la Magdalena">Palacio de la Magdalena</a>. Venue for the summer courses of the UIMP (Santander). It also was a seasonal residence for kings of Spain.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cantabria" title="University of Cantabria">University of Cantabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_University_Men%C3%A9ndez_Pelayo" class="mw-redirect" title="International University Menéndez Pelayo">International University Menéndez Pelayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universidad_Nacional_de_Educaci%C3%B3n_a_Distancia" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia">Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia</a></li> <li>Campus Comillas</li> <li>CESINE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_University_of_the_Atlantic" title="European University of the Atlantic">Universidad Europea del Atlántico</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fairs_and_festivals">Fairs and festivals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantabria&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Fairs and festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Vijanera.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/La_Vijanera.jpg/200px-La_Vijanera.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/La_Vijanera.jpg/300px-La_Vijanera.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/La_Vijanera.jpg/400px-La_Vijanera.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/La_Vijanera" title="La Vijanera">La Vijanera</a> in Silió</figcaption></figure> <p>Regarding the <a href="/wiki/Fair" title="Fair">fairs</a>, understood as big markets of products periodically celebrated, it is remarkable the <i>Livestock Fair of Torrelavega</i> taking place in the National Livestock Market "Jesús Collado Soto", the third biggest of Spain, that groups the buy and sell of all kinds of cattle in the region itself and the adjacent ones, being the bovine the main product. All over the region cattle and typical products fairs are celebrated weekly, monthly, or annually to gather the neighbours of the land. There are many different festivities in Cantabria, some of them limited just to small villages, but there are also festivals that attract tourism from all over the country. The most important are the following: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Vijanera" title="La Vijanera">La Vijanera</a></i> (Winter Carnival), celebrated during the first Sunday of the year in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sili%C3%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silió (page does not exist)">Silió</a>. It celebrates the end of the short winter days and the arrival of the sun. The representation of a white bear hunt takes place all over this little village. The traditional dressing of the characters in the play, the trapajones and the zarramacos, is one of its main features.</li> <li><i>Carnaval marinero</i> (Sailor Carnival), in February in <a href="/wiki/Santo%C3%B1a" title="Santoña">Santoña</a>. Commonly known as "the carnivals of the North", in this carnival, started in 1934, many people of the town participate dressing themselves up as fish. The main event is the "Trial at the bottom of the ocean", where the "<i><a href="/wiki/Bream" title="Bream">besugo</a></i>" is judged before the last act, "The burning of the <i>besugo</i>". (A <i>besugo</i> is a foolish person besides a type of fish).</li> <li><i>La Folía</i>, April in <a href="/wiki/San_Vicente_de_la_Barquera" title="San Vicente de la Barquera">San Vicente de la Barquera</a>, a parade of local fishing boats following one with a statue of the Virgin.</li> <li><i>Coso Blanco</i>, first Friday in July in Castro Urdiales. Colorful parade with carts.</li> <li><i>Cantabria Day</i>, second Sunday of August in <a href="/wiki/Cabez%C3%B3n_de_la_Sal" title="Cabezón de la Sal">Cabezón de la Sal</a>. Traditional Cantabrian music, ceramics fair, local foods, <a href="/wiki/Bolo_palma" title="Bolo palma">bolo palma</a> championships, ox dragging contests and public speeches.</li> <li>SAUGA folk music festival, celebrated the third weekend of August in <a href="/wiki/Colindres" title="Colindres">Colindres</a>.</li> <li><i>Floral Gala</i>, August en <a href="/wiki/Torrelavega" title="Torrelavega">Torrelavega</a>. A festival of international touristic importance with carts decorated with flowers.</li> <li><i>Battle of Flowers</i>, August, in Laredo. Carts decorated with flowers and fruit. <a href="/wiki/Fireworks" title="Fireworks">Fireworks</a> in the evening.</li> <li><i>Campoo Day</i>, September in <a href="/wiki/Reinosa" title="Reinosa">Reinosa</a>. Tourist fair of regional importance since 1977 and celebrated since the 19th century, it shows customs and traditions of the <a href="/wiki/Campoo" title="Campoo">Campurrians</a> in their capital. <a href="/wiki/Cattle" title="Cattle">Cattle</a> shows, local products market and regional costumes are the items in this festival.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <p>The following <a href="/wiki/Festival" title="Festival">festivals</a> are also remarkable in modern Cantabrian culture: <a href="/wiki/Santander_International_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Santander International Festival">Santander International Festival</a><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Arts festival), Santander Summer Festival<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Music festival), Sotocine<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Film festival) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mythology">Mythology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantabria&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Mythology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_mythology" title="Cantabrian mythology">Cantabrian mythology</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Cantabria" title="Special:EditPage/Cantabria">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The north of the Spanish state is a rich area for <a href="/wiki/Mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythology">mythology</a>. From <a href="/wiki/Galicia,_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Galicia, Spain">Galicia</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque Country</a>, passing by Asturias and Cantabria, there are rites, stories and imaginary or impossible beings. </p><p>Cantabrian lore turns its forests and mountains into magical places where the <a href="/wiki/Myth" title="Myth">myths</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belief" title="Belief">beliefs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Legend" title="Legend">legends</a> have been present as an essential part of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantabrian_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cantabrian culture (page does not exist)">Cantabrian culture</a>, either because they have been living in the popular heritage through the <a href="/wiki/Oral_tradition" title="Oral tradition">oral tradition</a> transmitted from father to son, or because they have been recovered by scholars (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Llano_(scholar)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuel Llano (scholar) (page does not exist)">Manuel Llano</a> and others) who have worried about preserving the cultural heritage. Its mythology and <a href="/wiki/Superstition" title="Superstition">superstitions</a> present a great <a href="/wiki/Celt" class="mw-redirect" title="Celt">Celtic</a> influence that has diluted with the pass of time, being <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Rome" title="Religion in ancient Rome">romanized</a> or <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianized</a> in many cases. </p><p>There is a heavy presence of fabulous beings of <a href="/wiki/Giant_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Giant (mythology)">giant</a> proportions and <a href="/wiki/Cyclopean" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyclopean">Cyclopean</a> features (the <i><a href="/wiki/Oj%C3%A1ncanu" title="Ojáncanu">ojáncanos</a></i>), fantastic animals (<i><a href="/wiki/Cu%C3%A9lebre" title="Cuélebre">culebres</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Caballucos_del_diablu" class="mw-redirect" title="Caballucos del diablu">caballucos del diablu</a></i> (lit. horses of the devil, <a href="/wiki/Damselfly" title="Damselfly">damselflies</a>), <i><a href="/wiki/Ramidreju" title="Ramidreju">ramidrejus</a></i>, etc.), <a href="/wiki/Fairy" title="Fairy">færies</a> (<i>anjanas</i>, <i>ijanas</i> of Aras), <a href="/wiki/Duende_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Duende (mythology)">duendes</a> (<i>nuberos, ventolines, <a href="/wiki/Trenti" title="Trenti">trentis</a>, trasgus, trastolillos, musgosu, tentiruju</i>), <a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphic" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthropomorphic">anthropomorphic</a> characters (the <i>sirenuca</i> (little mermaid), the <a href="/wiki/Fish-man" title="Fish-man">fish-man</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cuegle" title="Cuegle">cuegle</a>, the wife-bear of Andara, the <i>guajona</i>), etc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantabria&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_cuisine" title="Cantabrian cuisine">Cantabrian cuisine</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Cantabria" title="Special:EditPage/Cantabria">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><b>Typical dishes</b>: <i><a href="/wiki/Cocido_monta%C3%B1%C3%A9s" title="Cocido montañés">Cocido montañés</a></i> (<i>Highlander stew</i>) made with <a href="/wiki/Common_bean" class="mw-redirect" title="Common bean">beans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Collard_greens" class="mw-redirect" title="Collard greens">collard greens</a>; <i><a href="/wiki/Cocido_lebaniego" title="Cocido lebaniego">cocido lebaniego</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A9bana" title="Liébana">Liébanan</a> stew</i>) made from <a href="/wiki/Chickpea" title="Chickpea">chickpeas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marmita" class="mw-redirect" title="Marmita">marmita</a>).</li> <li><b>Meat dishes</b>: <a href="/wiki/Beef" title="Beef">Beef</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ox" title="Ox">ox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deer" title="Deer">deer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roe_deer" title="Roe deer">roe deer</a> or <a href="/wiki/Boar" class="mw-redirect" title="Boar">boar</a>. Cooked on the grill, stewed or with vegetables.</li></ul> <dl><dd>The livestock farming reputation of the region and its climatological conditions favouring <a href="/wiki/Cattle" title="Cattle">cattle</a> breeding allowed the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> to pass the "Meats of Cantabria" denomination as a <i><a href="/wiki/Protected_geographical_indications_in_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected geographical indications in the European Union">Protected Geographic Denomination</a></i> for the beef of certain kinds of native races (<i>Tudanca</i>, <i>Monchina</i>) and others adapted to the environment or integrated by assimilation (<i>Brown Alpine</i>).</dd></dl> <ul><li><b>Fish and seafood</b>: <a href="/wiki/Anchovy" title="Anchovy">Anchovies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lophius_piscatorius" title="Lophius piscatorius">angler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hake" title="Hake">hake</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_seabass" title="European seabass">sea bass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soleidae" title="Soleidae">sole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_horse_mackerel" title="Atlantic horse mackerel">mackerel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sardine" title="Sardine">sardine</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_anchovy" title="European anchovy">European anchovies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonito" title="Bonito">bonito</a> of the North (of Spain), <a href="/wiki/Gilt-head_bream" title="Gilt-head bream">gilt-head bream</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sea_bream" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea bream">sea bream</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_mullet" title="Red mullet">red mullet</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Scorpaenidae" title="Scorpaenidae">scorpionfish</a>, as well as some river fish such as <a href="/wiki/Trout" title="Trout">trout</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salmon" title="Salmon">salmon</a>. <i>Rabas</i> (fried <a href="/wiki/Calamari" class="mw-redirect" title="Calamari">calamari</a>) and <i>cachón en su tinta</i> (<a href="/wiki/Cuttlefish" title="Cuttlefish">cuttlefish</a> cooked in its own ink) are local specialties. <a href="/wiki/Clam" title="Clam">Clam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blue_mussel" title="Blue mussel">mussel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ensis" title="Ensis">muergos (jackknife)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cockle_(bivalve)" title="Cockle (bivalve)">cockle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Velvet_crab" title="Velvet crab">velvet crab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maja_squinado" title="Maja squinado">spider crab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pollicipes_pollicipes" title="Pollicipes pollicipes">goose barnacle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Common_periwinkle" title="Common periwinkle">periwinkle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway_lobster" class="mw-redirect" title="Norway lobster">Norway lobster</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_lobster" class="mw-redirect" title="European lobster">European lobster</a> are available.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><b>Desserts</b>: <i><a href="/wiki/Quesada_Pasiega" class="mw-redirect" title="Quesada Pasiega">Quesadas</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Sobao" title="Sobao">sobaos</a></i> of the Pas valley; <a href="/wiki/Unquera" title="Unquera">Unquera</a>'s Corbatas and <a href="/wiki/Torrelavega" title="Torrelavega">Torrelavega</a>'s polkas (both basically <a href="/wiki/Puff_pastry" title="Puff pastry">puff pastry</a>); Palucos de Cabezón de la Sal; and Pantortillas of Reinosa.</li> <li><b>Cheeses</b>: Quesucos de Liébana.</li> <li><b>Drinks</b>: <a href="/wiki/Txakoli" title="Txakoli">Chacolí</a>; <a href="/wiki/Apple_cider" title="Apple cider">apple cider</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orujo" title="Orujo">orujo</a> (liquor made from <a href="/wiki/Pomace" title="Pomace">pomace</a>) from <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A9bana" title="Liébana">Liébana</a>; and tostadillo from <a href="/wiki/Potes" title="Potes">Potes</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantabria&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Regata_Pedre%C3%B1a.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Regata_Pedre%C3%B1a.JPG/200px-Regata_Pedre%C3%B1a.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Regata_Pedre%C3%B1a.JPG/300px-Regata_Pedre%C3%B1a.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Regata_Pedre%C3%B1a.JPG/400px-Regata_Pedre%C3%B1a.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><i>Trainera</i> regatta at the <a href="/wiki/Santander_bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Santander bay">Santander bay</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The traditional sport of Cantabria is the game of <i>bolos</i><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Skittles_(sport)" title="Skittles (sport)">skittles</a>) in its four forms: <i><a href="/wiki/Bolo_palma" title="Bolo palma">bolo palma</a></i>, <i>pasabolo tablón</i>, <i>pasabolo losa</i> and <i>bolo pasiego</i>. The first one is the most widespread, exceeding regional nature and reaching the eastern zone of Asturias and also being the most complex in its game rules. The existence of <i>boleras</i> or skittle rings is important in every Cantabrian township, often being near the church or the village pub. Since the late 1980s, skittle play has consolidated with the reinforcement of skittle schools, revamped by different town councils and Cantabrian institutions, various competitions, and media coverage.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The remo (<a href="/wiki/Rowing_(sport)" title="Rowing (sport)">rowing</a>) is a very traditional sport in the coastal towns. The origins of rowing in Cantabria go back many centuries, when several <i><a href="/wiki/Trainera" title="Trainera">traineras</a></i> (traditional fishing <a href="/wiki/Longboat" title="Longboat">longboats</a>) competed for the selling of the caught fish, which was reserved for the first ship to arrive to the <a href="/wiki/Fish_market" title="Fish market">fish market</a>. At the end of the 19th century, work became sport and people started to celebrate <a href="/wiki/Regatta" class="mw-redirect" title="Regatta">regattas</a> between Cantabrian townships. The sport clubs of Cantabria, especially the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sociedad_Deportiva_de_Remo_Astillero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sociedad Deportiva de Remo Astillero (page does not exist)">Astillero</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sociedad_Deportiva_de_Remo_Castro_Urdiales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sociedad Deportiva de Remo Castro Urdiales (page does not exist)">Castro Urdiales</a>, and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sociedad_Deportiva_de_Remo_Pedre%C3%B1a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sociedad Deportiva de Remo Pedreña (page does not exist)">Pedreña</a> belong to the most prize-winning teams of the history of this sport, and nowadays they are having one of the best moments after a decades-long period of trophy drought.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palacio_de_los_Deportes_de_Santander.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Palacio_de_los_Deportes_de_Santander.jpg/300px-Palacio_de_los_Deportes_de_Santander.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Palacio_de_los_Deportes_de_Santander.jpg/450px-Palacio_de_los_Deportes_de_Santander.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Palacio_de_los_Deportes_de_Santander.jpg/600px-Palacio_de_los_Deportes_de_Santander.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1456" data-file-height="471" /></a><figcaption>Santander Sports Palace: a basketball game featuring the local team, the <i><a href="/wiki/Cantabria_Lobos" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantabria Lobos">Cantabria Lobos</a></i> (wolves).</figcaption></figure> <p>The Pasiegan jump is another of the outstanding rural sports of the region and a clear example of how the use of a work skill that disappears with the pass of time, gives rise to games and competition. Similar to other forms, like the <a href="/wiki/Salto_del_pastor" class="mw-redirect" title="Salto del pastor">Canarian shepherd jump</a>, in the beginning this technique was used in the Pasiegan valleys to cross the stone walls, the fences, the creeks or the ravines that bordered the fields and obstructed the pass in the abrupt geography of the highland areas of Cantabria. </p><p>Referring to mass sports, Cantabria is present in national and international competitions through teams such as the <i><a href="/wiki/Racing_de_Santander" title="Racing de Santander">Racing de Santander</a></i>, the <i><a href="/wiki/RS_Gimn%C3%A1stica_de_Torrelavega" class="mw-redirect" title="RS Gimnástica de Torrelavega">RS Gimnástica de Torrelavega</a></i> and the <a href="/wiki/Cantabria_autonomous_football_team" title="Cantabria autonomous football team">Cantabria autonomous football team</a> in <a href="/wiki/Football_in_Spain" title="Football in Spain">football</a> or the <i><a href="/wiki/Independiente_RC" title="Independiente RC">Independiente RC</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Divisi%C3%B3n_de_Honor_de_Rugby" title="División de Honor de Rugby">rugby union</a>. The <i><a href="/wiki/CB_Cantabria" title="CB Cantabria">Club Balonmano Cantabria</a></i> that won <a href="/wiki/Liga_ASOBAL" title="Liga ASOBAL">Leagues</a> and <a href="/wiki/Copa_del_Rey_de_Balonmano" title="Copa del Rey de Balonmano">King's Cups</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/IHF_Super_Globe" class="mw-redirect" title="IHF Super Globe">IHF Super Globe</a>, <a href="/wiki/EHF_Champions_League" title="EHF Champions League">EHF Champions League</a>, <a href="/wiki/EHF_Cup_Winners%27_Cup" title="EHF Cup Winners' Cup">EHF Cup Winners' Cup</a> and <a href="/wiki/EHF_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="EHF Cup">EHF Cup</a> in <a href="/wiki/Team_handball" class="mw-redirect" title="Team handball">handball</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Cantabria_Baloncesto" title="Cantabria Baloncesto">Cantabria Lobos</a> that played in the <a href="/wiki/Liga_ACB" title="Liga ACB">ACB</a> in <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a> represented the highest level of the Cantabrian sport in the recent past.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_Cantabrians">Notable Cantabrians</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantabria&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Notable Cantabrians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marcelino_Men%C3%A9ndez_Pelayo,_por_Kaulak.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Marcelino_Men%C3%A9ndez_Pelayo%2C_por_Kaulak.jpg/200px-Marcelino_Men%C3%A9ndez_Pelayo%2C_por_Kaulak.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Marcelino_Men%C3%A9ndez_Pelayo%2C_por_Kaulak.jpg/300px-Marcelino_Men%C3%A9ndez_Pelayo%2C_por_Kaulak.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Marcelino_Men%C3%A9ndez_Pelayo%2C_por_Kaulak.jpg/400px-Marcelino_Men%C3%A9ndez_Pelayo%2C_por_Kaulak.jpg 2x" data-file-width="644" data-file-height="811" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Marcelino_Men%C3%A9ndez_Pelayo" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcelino Menéndez Pelayo">Marcelino Menéndez Pelayo</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Cantabria" title="Category:People from Cantabria">Category:People from Cantabria</a></div> <p>Cantabria has been the birthplace of exceptional and notable individuals in fields such as literature, arts, sciences, etc. Many of them have played a decisive role, not only in the history and events of the region, but also on the national and international levels. These include: </p> <ul><li><b>Business</b>: <a href="/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_de_Polanco" title="Jesús de Polanco">Jesús de Polanco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Bot%C3%ADn" title="Emilio Botín">Emilio Botín</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ana_Patricia_Bot%C3%ADn" class="mw-redirect" title="Ana Patricia Botín">Ana Patricia Botin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vicente_Calder%C3%B3n" title="Vicente Calderón">Vicente Calderon</a></li> <li><b>Sports</b>: <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Gento" class="mw-redirect" title="Francisco Gento">Francisco Gento</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santillana_(footballer)" title="Santillana (footballer)">"Santillana"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Manuel_Abascal" title="José Manuel Abascal">José Manuel Abascal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seve_Ballesteros" title="Seve Ballesteros">Seve Ballesteros</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Freire" title="Óscar Freire">Óscar Freire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Jos%C3%A9_Cobo" title="Juan José Cobo">Juan José Cobo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cecilio_Lastra" title="Cecilio Lastra">Cecilio Lastra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Ventoso" title="Francisco Ventoso">Francisco Ventoso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Beitia" title="Ruth Beitia">Ruth Beitia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Canales" title="Sergio Canales">Sergio Canales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Athenea_del_Castillo" title="Athenea del Castillo">Athenea del Castillo</a></li> <li><b>Music</b>: <a href="/wiki/Ata%C3%BAlfo_Argenta" title="Ataúlfo Argenta">Ataúlfo Argenta</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Bustamante" title="David Bustamante">David Bustamante</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Fuga_(band)" title="La Fuga (band)">La Fuga</a></li> <li><b>Film, radio, and TV</b>: <a href="/wiki/Mario_Camus" title="Mario Camus">Mario Camus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Guti%C3%A9rrez_Arag%C3%B3n" title="Manuel Gutiérrez Aragón">Manuel Gutiérrez Aragón</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Noriega_(Spanish_actor)" title="Eduardo Noriega (Spanish actor)">Eduardo Noriega</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Resines" title="Antonio Resines">Antonio Resines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nacho_Vigalondo" title="Nacho Vigalondo">Nacho Vigalondo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Palacios" title="Ricardo Palacios">Ricardo Palacios</a>.</li> <li><b>Military</b>: <a href="/wiki/Corocotta" title="Corocotta">Corocotta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Velarde" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedro Velarde">Pedro Velarde</a></li> <li><b>Religion</b>: <a href="/wiki/Emeterius_and_Celedonius" title="Emeterius and Celedonius">San Emeterio, San Celedonio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beatus_of_Li%C3%A9bana" title="Beatus of Liébana">Beatus of Liébana</a></li> <li><b>Explorers</b>: <a href="/wiki/Juan_de_la_Cosa" title="Juan de la Cosa">Juan de la Cosa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vital_Alsar" title="Vital Alsar">Vital Alsar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Bustamante_y_Guerra" class="mw-redirect" title="José de Bustamante y Guerra">José de Bustamante y Guerra</a></li> <li><b>Literature</b>: <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_de_Pereda" title="José María de Pereda">José María de Pereda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Concha_Espina" title="Concha Espina">Concha Espina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerardo_Diego" title="Gerardo Diego">Gerardo Diego</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_Pombo" title="Álvaro Pombo">Álvaro Pombo</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luys_Santa_Marina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luys Santa Marina (page does not exist)">Luys Santa Marina</a>.</li> <li><b>Painting</b>: <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Blanchard" title="María Blanchard">María Blanchard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Madrazo" class="mw-redirect" title="José de Madrazo">José de Madrazo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Gonz%C3%A1lez_G%C3%B3mez" title="Francisco González Gómez">Francisco González Gómez</a></li> <li><b>Science and technology</b>: <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Torres_Quevedo" title="Leonardo Torres Quevedo">Leonardo Torres Quevedo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Herrera" title="Juan de Herrera">Juan de Herrera</a></li> <li><b>Politics</b>: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Carrero_Blanco" title="Luis Carrero Blanco">Luis Carrero Blanco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Zamanillo_Gonz%C3%A1lez-Camino" title="José Luis Zamanillo González-Camino">José Luis Zamanillo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfredo_P%C3%A9rez_Rubalcaba" title="Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba">Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Leguina" title="Joaquín Leguina">Joaquín Leguina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miguel_%C3%81ngel_Revilla" title="Miguel Ángel Revilla">Miguel Ángel Revilla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Valverde_y_Cos%C3%ADo" title="Antonio Valverde y Cosío">Antonio Valverde y Cosío</a></li> <li><b>Sociology</b>: <a href="/wiki/Rosa_Cobo_Bed%C3%ADa" title="Rosa Cobo Bedía">Rosa Cobo Bedía</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantabria&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Cantabria" title="List of mammals of Cantabria">List of mammals of Cantabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Amphibian_and_Reptile_of_Cantabria" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Amphibian and Reptile of Cantabria">List of Amphibian and Reptile of Cantabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Cantabria" title="Architecture of Cantabria">Architecture of Cantabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caves_in_Cantabria" title="Caves in Cantabria">Caves in Cantabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1baru" class="mw-redirect" title="Lábaru">Lábaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Cantabria" title="Duchy of Cantabria">Duchy of Cantabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Cantabria" title="List of municipalities in Cantabria">List of municipalities in Cantabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Valleys_lawsuit" title="Nine Valleys lawsuit">Nine Valleys lawsuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermandad_de_las_Cuatro_Villas" title="Hermandad de las Cuatro Villas">Hermandad de las Cuatro Villas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Marina_(Cantabria)" title="La Marina (Cantabria)">La Marina (Cantabria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_of_Pedraja" title="Castle of Pedraja">Castle of Pedraja</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantabria&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">These events constitute the background of <i>La vida que te espera</i>, a film by Cantabrian-born director <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Guti%C3%A9rrez_Arag%C3%B3n" title="Manuel Gutiérrez Aragón">Manuel Gutiérrez Aragón</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Latin: <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">...fluvium Hiberum; is oritur ex Cantabris; magnus atque pulcher, pisculentus...</i></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">...laetum equino sanguine Concanum...</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">...iste Petri Cantabriae ducis filius fuit...</i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantabria&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article draws heavily on the <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabria" class="extiw" title="es:Cantabria">corresponding article</a> in the <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portada" class="extiw" title="es:Portada">Spanish-language Wikipedia</a>, which was accessed on 31 March 2007.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantabria&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs1"><i>Municipal Register of Spain 2018</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Statistics_Institute_(Spain)" title="National Statistics Institute (Spain)">National Statistics Institute</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Municipal+Register+of+Spain+2018&rft.pub=National+Statistics+Institute&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACantabria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ine.es/prensa/cre_2022.pdf">"Contabilidad Regional de España"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.ine.es</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ine.es&rft.atitle=Contabilidad+Regional+de+Espa%C3%B1a&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fine.es%2Fprensa%2Fcre_2022.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACantabria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_3166-2_newsletter_ii-1_corrected_2010-02-19.pdf">"ISO 3166-2 NEWSLETTER Date issued: 2010-02-03 No II-1 Corrected and reissued 2010-02-19"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Iso.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Iso.org&rft.atitle=ISO+3166-2+NEWSLETTER+Date+issued%3A+2010-02-03+No+II-1+Corrected+and+reissued+2010-02-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fiso%2Fiso_3166-2_newsletter_ii-1_corrected_2010-02-19.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACantabria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GlobalDataLab-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GlobalDataLab_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/">"Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab"</a>. <i>hdi.globaldatalab.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hdi.globaldatalab.org&rft.atitle=Sub-national+HDI+-+Area+Database+-+Global+Data+Lab&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdi.globaldatalab.org%2Fareadata%2Fshdi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACantabria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/cantabria">"Cantabria"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Collins_English_Dictionary" title="Collins English Dictionary">Collins English Dictionary</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collins+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Cantabria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fcantabria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACantabria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200118031145/https://www.lexico.com/definition/cantabria">"Cantabria"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a> UK English Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexico.com/definition/Cantabria">the original</a> on 18 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cantabria&rft.btitle=Lexico+UK+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2FCantabria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACantabria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2003" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Jones_(phonetician)" title="Daniel Jones (phonetician)">Jones, Daniel</a> (2003) [1917], Peter Roach; James Hartmann; Jane Setter (eds.), <i>English Pronouncing Dictionary</i>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-12-539683-2" title="Special:BookSources/3-12-539683-2"><bdi>3-12-539683-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+Pronouncing+Dictionary&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=3-12-539683-2&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACantabria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parlamento-cantabria.es/Inicio/documentacion-parlamentaria/normativa-institucional/estatuto-de-autonomia-para-cantabria/preambulo.aspx">La Ley Orgánica 11/1998, de 30 de diciembre, de reforma de la LO 8/1981, del Estatuto de Autonomía para Cantabria (BOE 31 diciembre 1998)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091212000404/http://www.parlamento-cantabria.es/Inicio/documentacion-parlamentaria/normativa-institucional/estatuto-de-autonomia-para-cantabria/preambulo.aspx">Archived</a> December 12, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. El Estatuto deja de referirse a Cantabria como <b>"entidad regional histórica"</b>, expresión empleada por la propia <a class="external text" href="https://es.wikisource.org/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3n_espa%C3%B1ola_de_1978:_10#Art_143">Constitución (art. 143)</a> para permitir la existencia de comunidades uniprovinciales, para ser sustituida por la expresión <b>"comunidad histórica"</b> (art. 1). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://narros.congreso.es/constitucion/estatutos/sinopsis.jsp?com=69">Sinopsis del Estatuto de Cantabria</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091211215309/http://narros.congreso.es/constitucion/estatutos/sinopsis.jsp?com=69">Archived</a> 11 December 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Ignacio Carbajal Iranzo, Letrado de las Cortes Generales. Updated by Portal de la Constitución. 2005. Updated 2007; retrieved 9 June 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPikeHoffmannGarcía-DiezP._B.2012" class="citation journal cs1">Pike, A. W. G.; Hoffmann, D. L.; García-Diez, M.; P. B., Pettitt; Alcolea, J.; Balbín, R. De; González-Sainz, C.; Heras, C. De Las; Lasheras, J. A.; Montes, R.; Zilhão, J. (15 June 2012). 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Retrieved on 9 June 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070403113450/http://www.chebro.es/">"Confederación Hidrográfica del Ebro"</a> (in Spanish). Ministerio del Medio Ambiente. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chebro.es">the original</a> on 3 April 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Mma.es. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mma.es/secciones/biodiversidad/inventarios/ifn/ifn3/index.htm">the original</a> on 29 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved on 9 June 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ine.es/inebase/cgi/axi?AXIS_PATH=/inebase/temas/t20/e260/a2006/l0/&FILE_AXIS=ccaa01.px&CGI_DEFAULT=/inebase/temas/cgi.opt&COMANDO=SELECCION&CGI_URL=/inebase/cgi">Poblaciones referidas al 1 de enero de 2006 por comunidades autónomas y sexo</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929204538/http://www.ine.es/inebase/cgi/axi?AXIS_PATH=%2Finebase%2Ftemas%2Ft20%2Fe260%2Fa2006%2Fl0%2F&FILE_AXIS=ccaa01.px&CGI_DEFAULT=%2Finebase%2Ftemas%2Fcgi.opt&COMANDO=SELECCION&CGI_URL=%2Finebase%2Fcgi">Archived</a> 29 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Instituto Nacional de Estadística website; retrieved 11 June 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icane.es/HTML/CA_DE/CA_DE_007.pdf">Población extranjera según su nacionalidad y sexo (2004-06)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070621185922/http://www.icane.es/HTML/CA_DE/CA_DE_007.pdf">Archived</a> 21 June 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, icane.es; retrieved 9 June 2007. <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ine.es/inebase/cgi/axi?AXIS_PATH=/inebase/temas/t20/e260/a2006/l0/&FILE_AXIS=mun39.px&CGI_DEFAULT=/inebase/temas/cgi.opt&COMANDO=SELECCION&CGI_URL=/inebase/cgi">Cantabria: Población por municipios y sexo. Cifras de población referidas al 1 January 2006</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929204902/http://www.ine.es/inebase/cgi/axi?AXIS_PATH=%2Finebase%2Ftemas%2Ft20%2Fe260%2Fa2006%2Fl0%2F&FILE_AXIS=mun39.px&CGI_DEFAULT=%2Finebase%2Ftemas%2Fcgi.opt&COMANDO=SELECCION&CGI_URL=%2Finebase%2Fcgi">Archived</a> 29 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Instituto Nacional de Estadística website; retrieved 11 June 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilius_Italicus" class="citation cs2">Silius Italicus, <i>Cantabria</i>, Bk III</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cantabria&rft.pages=Bk+III&rft.au=Silius+Italicus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACantabria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorace" class="citation cs2">Horace, <i>Cantabria</i>, Bk IV, Ode xiv</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cantabria&rft.pages=Bk+IV%2C+Ode+xiv&rft.au=Horace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACantabria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolito2012" class="citation journal cs1">Polito, Eugenio (30 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aespa.revistas.csic.es/index.php/aespa/article/view/201">"Iconografía triunfal augustea y las guerras cántabras: algunas observaciones sobre escudos redondos y puntas de lanza representados en monumentos de la Península Ibérica e Italia"</a>. <i>Archivo Español de Arqueología</i>. <b>85</b>: 141–148. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3989%2Faespa.085.012.008">10.3989/aespa.085.012.008</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1988-3110">1988-3110</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archivo+Espa%C3%B1ol+de+Arqueolog%C3%ADa&rft.atitle=Iconograf%C3%ADa+triunfal+augustea+y+las+guerras+c%C3%A1ntabras%3A+algunas+observaciones+sobre+escudos+redondos+y+puntas+de+lanza+representados+en+monumentos+de+la+Pen%C3%ADnsula+Ib%C3%A9rica+e+Italia&rft.volume=85&rft.pages=141-148&rft.date=2012-12-30&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3989%2Faespa.085.012.008&rft.issn=1988-3110&rft.aulast=Polito&rft.aufirst=Eugenio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faespa.revistas.csic.es%2Findex.php%2Faespa%2Farticle%2Fview%2F201&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACantabria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEB1878"><i>EB</i> (1878)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCadavieco" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cadavieco, Miguel López. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.regiocantabrorum.es/historia/guerras_cantabras.php">"Guerras Cántabras - La lucha contra el imperio Romano"</a>. <i>www.regiocantabrorum.es</i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.regiocantabrorum.es&rft.atitle=Guerras+C%C3%A1ntabras+-+La+lucha+contra+el+imperio+Romano&rft.aulast=Cadavieco&rft.aufirst=Miguel+L%C3%B3pez&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.regiocantabrorum.es%2Fhistoria%2Fguerras_cantabras.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACantabria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1911-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1911_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEB1911"><i>EB</i> (1911)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Antonio Bar Cendón, <i>De la montaña a Cantabria: la construcción de una comunidad autónoma</i> (Santander: University of Cantabria Press, 1995), 201-3. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/8481021121" title="Special:BookSources/8481021121">8481021121</a>, 9788481021127</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Enrique Flórez. <i>La Cantabria. Disertación sobre el sitio y extensión que tuvo en tiempos de los romanos la región de los cántabros, con noticia de las regiones cofinantes y de varias poblaciones Antiguas</i> (The Cantabria. Dissertation of the place and extension that the land of the Cantabri had in times of the Romans, with notice of the adjacent regions and of several Ancient villages. Madrid. 1768</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040428235824/http://www.congreso.es/constitucion/estatutos/ind_estatutos.jsp?com=69">Constitución española: Estatuto de Autonomía de Cantabria.</a> Congreso de los Diputados: España; retrieved 9 June 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parlamento-cantabria.es">Actividad Parlamentaria</a>, Parlamento de Cantabria website; retrieved 9 June 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gobcantabria.es/portal/page?_pageid=33,31118&_dad=interportal&_schema=INTERPORTAL">Consejo de Gobierno</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070313195904/http://www.gobcantabria.es/portal/page?_pageid=33%2C31118&_dad=interportal&_schema=INTERPORTAL">Archived</a> 13 March 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, gobcantabria.es; retrieved 9 June 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/10474907/1-05032020-AP-EN.pdf/81807e19-e4c8-2e53-c98a-933f5bf30f58">"Regional GDP per capita ranged from 30% to 263% of the EU average in 2018"</a>. <i>Eurostat</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eurostat&rft.atitle=Regional+GDP+per+capita+ranged+from+30%25+to+263%25+of+the+EU+average+in+2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Fdocuments%2F2995521%2F10474907%2F1-05032020-AP-EN.pdf%2F81807e19-e4c8-2e53-c98a-933f5bf30f58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACantabria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-timesonline.co.uk-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-timesonline.co.uk_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOwen2009" class="citation news cs1">Owen, Edward (14 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100525125935/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/travel/specials/artistic_spain/article5904206.ece">"After Altamira all is decadence"</a>. <i>The Times</i>. London, UK. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/travel/specials/artistic_spain/article5904206.ece">the original</a> on 25 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=After+Altamira+all+is+decadence&rft.date=2009-03-14&rft.aulast=Owen&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Ftravel%2Fspecials%2Fartistic_spain%2Farticle5904206.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACantabria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMenéndez_Pidal2006" class="citation book cs1">Menéndez Pidal, R (2006) [1906]. <i>El dialecto Leonés</i>. León: El Buho Viajero. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-933781-6-X" title="Special:BookSources/84-933781-6-X"><bdi>84-933781-6-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=El+dialecto+Leon%C3%A9s&rft.place=Le%C3%B3n&rft.pub=El+Buho+Viajero&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=84-933781-6-X&rft.aulast=Men%C3%A9ndez+Pidal&rft.aufirst=R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACantabria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.festivalsantander.com/index_es.html">Festival Internacional de Santander website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070710151000/http://www.festivalsantander.com/index_es.html">Archived</a> 10 July 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.santandersummerfestival.com">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070324053339/http://www.santandersummerfestival.com/">Archived</a> 24 March 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sotocine.tk/">Sotocine website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071007081658/http://www.sotocine.tk/">Archived</a> 7 October 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ayto-selaya.com/index.php?a=vbohis">History of the <i>Bolos</i> in Cantabria.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130703225846/http://www.ayto-selaya.com/index.php?a=vbohis">Archived</a> 3 July 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Selaya Township website. Retrieved on 5 August 2007.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantabria&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEB1878" class="citation encyclopaedia cs2">Baynes, T. S., ed. (1878), <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Cantabria"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Cantabria">"Cantabria" </a></span>, <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>, vol. 5 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, p. 27</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cantabria&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=27&rft.edition=9th&rft.pub=Charles+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=1878&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACantabria" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEB1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs2"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911), <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Cantabri"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Cantabri">"Cantabri" </a></span>, <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>, vol. 5 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 207</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cantabri&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=207&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACantabria" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGonzález_Echegaray1993" class="citation cs2">González Echegaray, J. (1993), <i>Los Cántabros</i>, Santander: Estvdio, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-87934-23-4" title="Special:BookSources/84-87934-23-4"><bdi>84-87934-23-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Los+C%C3%A1ntabros&rft.place=Santander&rft.pub=Estvdio&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=84-87934-23-4&rft.aulast=Gonz%C3%A1lez+Echegaray&rft.aufirst=J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACantabria" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantabria&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg/23px-Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg/35px-Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg/45px-Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Aragon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Aragon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Aragon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Aragon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Aragon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Aragon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Aragon" title="Aragon">Aragon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Asturias.svg/23px-Flag_of_Asturias.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Asturias.svg/35px-Flag_of_Asturias.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Asturias.svg/45px-Flag_of_Asturias.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Asturias</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="720" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Balearic_Islands" title="Balearic Islands">Balearic Islands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="560" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque Country</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Cantabria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cantabria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Cantabria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cantabria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Cantabria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cantabria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cantabria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg/23px-Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg/35px-Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg/46px-Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Castilla%E2%80%93La_Mancha" title="Castilla–La Mancha">Castilla–La Mancha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg/20px-Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg/30px-Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg/39px-Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castile and León">Castile and León</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Extremadura" title="Extremadura">Extremadura</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/La_Rioja" title="La Rioja">La Rioja</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Madrid" title="Community of Madrid">Community of Madrid</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Region_of_Murcia" title="Region of Murcia">Murcia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bandera_de_Navarra.svg/23px-Bandera_de_Navarra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bandera_de_Navarra.svg/35px-Bandera_de_Navarra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bandera_de_Navarra.svg/45px-Bandera_de_Navarra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Navarre" title="Navarre">Navarre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="340" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Valencian_Community" title="Valencian Community">Valencian Community</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Spain"><img alt="Flag of Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/64px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/96px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/128px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_cities_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous cities of Spain">Autonomous cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Ceuta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ceuta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Ceuta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ceuta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Ceuta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ceuta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Melilla.svg/23px-Flag_of_Melilla.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Melilla.svg/35px-Flag_of_Melilla.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Melilla.svg/45px-Flag_of_Melilla.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa" title="Plazas de soberanía">Plazas de soberanía</a></i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alhucemas_Islands" title="Alhucemas Islands">Alhucemas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chafarinas_Islands" title="Chafarinas Islands">Chafarinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pe%C3%B1%C3%B3n_de_V%C3%A9lez_de_la_Gomera" title="Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera">Vélez de la Gomera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Provinces_of_Spain" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Provinces_of_Spain" title="Template:Provinces of Spain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Provinces_of_Spain" title="Template talk:Provinces of Spain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Provinces_of_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Provinces of Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Provinces_of_Spain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Spain" title="Provinces of Spain">Provinces of Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="Province of A Coruña">A Coruña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lava" title="Álava">Álava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Albacete" title="Province of Albacete">Albacete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Alicante" title="Province of Alicante">Alicante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Almer%C3%ADa" title="Province of Almería">Almería</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_%C3%81vila" title="Province of Ávila">Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Badajoz" title="Province of Badajoz">Badajoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_Islands" title="Balearic Islands">Balearic Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Barcelona" title="Province of Barcelona">Barcelona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biscay" title="Biscay">Biscay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Burgos" title="Province of Burgos">Burgos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_C%C3%A1ceres" title="Province of Cáceres">Cáceres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_C%C3%A1diz" title="Province of Cádiz">Cádiz</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cantabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Castell%C3%B3n" title="Province of Castellón">Castellón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ciudad_Real" title="Province of Ciudad Real">Ciudad Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_C%C3%B3rdoba_(Spain)" title="Province of Córdoba (Spain)">Córdoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Cuenca" title="Province of Cuenca">Cuenca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Girona" title="Province of Girona">Girona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Granada" title="Province of Granada">Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Guadalajara" title="Province of Guadalajara">Guadalajara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gipuzkoa" title="Gipuzkoa">Gipuzkoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Huelva" title="Province of Huelva">Huelva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Huesca" title="Province of Huesca">Huesca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ja%C3%A9n_(Spain)" title="Province of Jaén (Spain)">Jaén</a></li> <li><a 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.portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/21px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/32px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/42px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spain" title="Portal:Spain">Spain</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3946#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3946#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3946#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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metadata Wikidata\"] = 3,\n [\"Unreferenced section\"] = 12,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 12,\n [\"When\"] = 2,\n [\"WikidataCoord\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-x5wzj","timestamp":"20241122140902","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Cantabria","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cantabria","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3946","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3946","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-08-09T02:23:45Z","dateModified":"2024-10-25T12:24:18Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/0f\/Flag_of_Cantabria_%28Official%29.svg","headline":"autonomous community of Spain"}</script> </body> </html>