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Link_size-large__W0PAv Link_weight-regular__yPpnB" data-cy="author-link" title="OECD Directorate for Financial and Enterprise Affairs" href="https://www.slideshare.net/OECD-DAF">OECD Directorate for Financial and Enterprise Affairs</a><button type="button" class="FollowButton_root__FxpBi Author_follow__Lw4TS FollowButton_follow__d_6u5">Follow</button></div><div class="description Description_root__kt4uq Description_clamped__PaV_1"><div class="Description_wrapper__hYE9_" data-cy="document-description"><p>This presentation by Oliver BUDZINSKI, Professor of Economic Theory (Chair), Ilmenau University of Technology, was made during the discussion “Competition and Professional Sports” held at the 76th meeting of the OECD Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 4 December 2023. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/capfs. 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Player_root__L1AmF"><div id="new-player" class="vertical-player VerticalPlayer_root__K8_YS" data-slideshow-id="264311497"><div><div id="slide1" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:720 / 405" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-0" alt="OECD Best Practice Roundtable Competition and Professional Sports Oliver Budzinski Prof. Dr. Oliver Budzinski Chair for Economic Theory Institute of Economics (Director) Ilmenau University of Technology Email: oliver.budzinski@tu-Ilmenau.de " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="eager" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-sports-budzinski-dec23-231205101007-943e92aa/85/Competition-and-Professional-Sports-BUDZINSKI-December-2023-OECD-discussion-1-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-sports-budzinski-dec23-231205101007-943e92aa/85/Competition-and-Professional-Sports-BUDZINSKI-December-2023-OECD-discussion-1-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-sports-budzinski-dec23-231205101007-943e92aa/75/Competition-and-Professional-Sports-BUDZINSKI-December-2023-OECD-discussion-1-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-sports-budzinski-dec23-231205101007-943e92aa/85/Competition-and-Professional-Sports-BUDZINSKI-December-2023-OECD-discussion-1-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div><!--$--><!--/$--></div></div><div><div id="slide2" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:720 / 405" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-1" alt="Economics Background - Sports Associations/Sports Governing Bodies often act as internal market regulators (setting, implementing and enforcing rules) - sometimes (directly or indirectly) combined with commercial activities (i.e. marketing the competition) [“dual role”] - nature of sport requires market-internal regulator … - … who inevitably possess horizontal and vertical market power - incentives to anticompetitively abuse this market power depends on specific institutional setting but is especially given in dual role-situations 2 " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-sports-budzinski-dec23-231205101007-943e92aa/85/Competition-and-Professional-Sports-BUDZINSKI-December-2023-OECD-discussion-2-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-sports-budzinski-dec23-231205101007-943e92aa/85/Competition-and-Professional-Sports-BUDZINSKI-December-2023-OECD-discussion-2-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-sports-budzinski-dec23-231205101007-943e92aa/75/Competition-and-Professional-Sports-BUDZINSKI-December-2023-OECD-discussion-2-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-sports-budzinski-dec23-231205101007-943e92aa/85/Competition-and-Professional-Sports-BUDZINSKI-December-2023-OECD-discussion-2-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div><!--$--><!--/$--></div></div><div><div id="slide3" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:720 / 405" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-2" alt="Rules on (Market/Competition) Entry - rules of market entry for premium championships: obvious relevance to compete at the highest level o restriction of participants legitimate and inherent … o … but proportional? number of participants / overly restrictive (= artificial quantity reduction) closed leagues/shops, incl. unwillingness to fill empty slots Can the best compete? (= selection on sporting merits) 3 " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-sports-budzinski-dec23-231205101007-943e92aa/85/Competition-and-Professional-Sports-BUDZINSKI-December-2023-OECD-discussion-3-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-sports-budzinski-dec23-231205101007-943e92aa/85/Competition-and-Professional-Sports-BUDZINSKI-December-2023-OECD-discussion-3-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-sports-budzinski-dec23-231205101007-943e92aa/75/Competition-and-Professional-Sports-BUDZINSKI-December-2023-OECD-discussion-3-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-sports-budzinski-dec23-231205101007-943e92aa/85/Competition-and-Professional-Sports-BUDZINSKI-December-2023-OECD-discussion-3-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div><!--$--><!--/$--></div></div><div><div id="slide4" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:720 / 405" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-3" alt="Rules on (Market/Competition) Entry o … adequate selection criteria? Example 1: Formula 1 motor racing 10 out of 12-13 team places filled reluctant action to fill empty slots by the SGBs transparency of procedure? significant commercial contribution as a relevant selection criterion? Higher demands for potential entries than for incumbents – can this be procompetitive? 4 " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-sports-budzinski-dec23-231205101007-943e92aa/85/Competition-and-Professional-Sports-BUDZINSKI-December-2023-OECD-discussion-4-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-sports-budzinski-dec23-231205101007-943e92aa/85/Competition-and-Professional-Sports-BUDZINSKI-December-2023-OECD-discussion-4-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-sports-budzinski-dec23-231205101007-943e92aa/75/Competition-and-Professional-Sports-BUDZINSKI-December-2023-OECD-discussion-4-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-sports-budzinski-dec23-231205101007-943e92aa/85/Competition-and-Professional-Sports-BUDZINSKI-December-2023-OECD-discussion-4-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div><!--$--><!--/$--></div></div><div><div id="slide5" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:720 / 405" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-4" alt="Rules on (Market/Competition) Entry o … adequate selection criteria? Example 2: Judo at Olympia only one Judoka per nation, sex, and weight class broad access for athletes from different countries … … but exclusion of top athletes in favour of lesser athletes (e.g. exclusion of No. 2 world ranking in favour of No. 23) When some of the world best athletes cannot entry the most lucrative competition because of nation clauses – procompetitive? 5 " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-sports-budzinski-dec23-231205101007-943e92aa/85/Competition-and-Professional-Sports-BUDZINSKI-December-2023-OECD-discussion-5-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-sports-budzinski-dec23-231205101007-943e92aa/85/Competition-and-Professional-Sports-BUDZINSKI-December-2023-OECD-discussion-5-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-sports-budzinski-dec23-231205101007-943e92aa/75/Competition-and-Professional-Sports-BUDZINSKI-December-2023-OECD-discussion-5-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-sports-budzinski-dec23-231205101007-943e92aa/85/Competition-and-Professional-Sports-BUDZINSKI-December-2023-OECD-discussion-5-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div><!--$--><!--/$--></div></div><div><div id="slide6" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:720 / 405" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-5" alt="Recent Competition & Sports Related Publications Budzinski, O. (2023), (Sports) Economics Upside Down? – A Comment on the Advocate General Opinion in European Super League versus UEFA/FIFA, in: Concurrences, Vol. 20 (1), 2023, pp. 8-16. Budzinski, O. & Feddersen, A. (2023), Should Organizing Premier-Level European Football Be a Monopoly? And Who Should Run It? – An Economists’ Perspective, in: J. Kornbeck (ed.), EU Sports Antitrust Law and Governance: The Next Frontier?, Cheltenham: Elgar 2023, pp. 85-101. Budzinski, O., Feddersen, A. & Kunz-Kaltenhäuser, P. (2022), Demand for TV Broadcasts of UEFA Champions League Games in Danish Television – The Impact of Uncertainty of Outcome, Stardom, and Local Heroes, Ilmenau Economics Discussion Papers 27 (165), 2022, pp. 1-20. Budzinski, O. (2019), Competition Policy in Sports Markets, in: P. Downward et al. (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Sports Economics, Los Angeles: Sage 2019, pp. 144-153. Budzinski, O. & Müller, A. (2018), Is the Revenue Allocation Scheme of Formula One Motor Racing a Case for European Competition Policy? in: Contemporary Economic Policy, Vol. 36 (1), 2018, pp. 215-233. Budzinski, O. (2018), Financial Regulation as an Anticompetitive Institution, in: M. Breuer & D. Forrest (eds.), The Palgrave Handbook on the Economics of Manipulation in Professional Sports, Basingstoke: Palgrave 2018, pp. 159-179. Budzinski, O. (2014), The Competition Economics of Financial Fair Play, in: O. Budzinski & A. Feddersen (eds.), Contemporary Research in Sports Economics, Frankfurt a.M.: Lang 2014, pp. 77-98. 7 " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-sports-budzinski-dec23-231205101007-943e92aa/85/Competition-and-Professional-Sports-BUDZINSKI-December-2023-OECD-discussion-6-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-sports-budzinski-dec23-231205101007-943e92aa/85/Competition-and-Professional-Sports-BUDZINSKI-December-2023-OECD-discussion-6-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-sports-budzinski-dec23-231205101007-943e92aa/75/Competition-and-Professional-Sports-BUDZINSKI-December-2023-OECD-discussion-6-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/oecd-sports-budzinski-dec23-231205101007-943e92aa/85/Competition-and-Professional-Sports-BUDZINSKI-December-2023-OECD-discussion-6-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div><!--$--><!--/$--></div></div></div></div></div><!--$--><div class="RelatedContent_root__29Np1"><div class="RelatedContent_wrapper__riU7l"><h2 class="Heading_heading__3MAvZ Heading_h2__f9yvs RelatedContent_title__QUhpL">More Related Content</h2><div></div><div></div><div id="between-recs-ad-1-container" class="freestar-ad-container FreestarAdContainer_root__qPPC_" style="--fallback-aspect-ratio:undefined / undefined"><div><div class="" id="between-recs-ad-1"></div></div></div></div></div><!--/$--><div class="Transcript_root__Vrf6Q"><h2 class="Transcript_title__YgAka"><span class="Icon_root__AjZyv" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/file.5db1ba24.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span>Competition and Professional Sports – BUDZINSKI – December 2023 OECD discussion</h2><div><ul class="Transcript_list__faItj"><div><li>1. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/competition-and-professional-sports-budzinski-december-2023-oecd-discussion/264311497#1">OECD Best Practice </a> Roundtable Competition and Professional Sports Oliver Budzinski Prof. Dr. Oliver Budzinski Chair for Economic Theory Institute of Economics (Director) Ilmenau University of Technology Email: oliver.budzinski@tu-Ilmenau.de </li></div><div><li>2. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/competition-and-professional-sports-budzinski-december-2023-oecd-discussion/264311497#2">Economics Background - Sports </a> Associations/Sports Governing Bodies often act as internal market regulators (setting, implementing and enforcing rules) - sometimes (directly or indirectly) combined with commercial activities (i.e. marketing the competition) [“dual role”] - nature of sport requires market-internal regulator … - … who inevitably possess horizontal and vertical market power - incentives to anticompetitively abuse this market power depends on specific institutional setting but is especially given in dual role-situations 2 </li></div><div><li>3. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/competition-and-professional-sports-budzinski-december-2023-oecd-discussion/264311497#3">Rules on (Market/Competition) </a> Entry - rules of market entry for premium championships: obvious relevance to compete at the highest level o restriction of participants legitimate and inherent … o … but proportional? number of participants / overly restrictive (= artificial quantity reduction) closed leagues/shops, incl. unwillingness to fill empty slots Can the best compete? (= selection on sporting merits) 3 </li></div><div><li>4. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/competition-and-professional-sports-budzinski-december-2023-oecd-discussion/264311497#4">Rules on (Market/Competition) </a> Entry o … adequate selection criteria? Example 1: Formula 1 motor racing 10 out of 12-13 team places filled reluctant action to fill empty slots by the SGBs transparency of procedure? significant commercial contribution as a relevant selection criterion? Higher demands for potential entries than for incumbents – can this be procompetitive? 4 </li></div><div><li>5. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/competition-and-professional-sports-budzinski-december-2023-oecd-discussion/264311497#5">Rules on (Market/Competition) </a> Entry o … adequate selection criteria? Example 2: Judo at Olympia only one Judoka per nation, sex, and weight class broad access for athletes from different countries … … but exclusion of top athletes in favour of lesser athletes (e.g. exclusion of No. 2 world ranking in favour of No. 23) When some of the world best athletes cannot entry the most lucrative competition because of nation clauses – procompetitive? 5 </li></div><div><li>6. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/competition-and-professional-sports-budzinski-december-2023-oecd-discussion/264311497#6">Recent Competition & </a> Sports Related Publications Budzinski, O. (2023), (Sports) Economics Upside Down? – A Comment on the Advocate General Opinion in European Super League versus UEFA/FIFA, in: Concurrences, Vol. 20 (1), 2023, pp. 8-16. Budzinski, O. & Feddersen, A. (2023), Should Organizing Premier-Level European Football Be a Monopoly? And Who Should Run It? – An Economists’ Perspective, in: J. Kornbeck (ed.), EU Sports Antitrust Law and Governance: The Next Frontier?, Cheltenham: Elgar 2023, pp. 85-101. Budzinski, O., Feddersen, A. & Kunz-Kaltenhäuser, P. (2022), Demand for TV Broadcasts of UEFA Champions League Games in Danish Television – The Impact of Uncertainty of Outcome, Stardom, and Local Heroes, Ilmenau Economics Discussion Papers 27 (165), 2022, pp. 1-20. Budzinski, O. (2019), Competition Policy in Sports Markets, in: P. Downward et al. (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Sports Economics, Los Angeles: Sage 2019, pp. 144-153. Budzinski, O. & Müller, A. (2018), Is the Revenue Allocation Scheme of Formula One Motor Racing a Case for European Competition Policy? in: Contemporary Economic Policy, Vol. 36 (1), 2018, pp. 215-233. Budzinski, O. (2018), Financial Regulation as an Anticompetitive Institution, in: M. Breuer & D. Forrest (eds.), The Palgrave Handbook on the Economics of Manipulation in Professional Sports, Basingstoke: Palgrave 2018, pp. 159-179. Budzinski, O. (2014), The Competition Economics of Financial Fair Play, in: O. Budzinski & A. Feddersen (eds.), Contemporary Research in Sports Economics, Frankfurt a.M.: Lang 2014, pp. 77-98. 7 </li></div></ul></div></div><div class="actions-menu-container ActionsMenu_root__4k507" data-cy="actions-menu-mobile"><div class="Tooltip_triggerWrapper___S2HG"><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi save-button" data-testid="button" aria-label="actions.save" data-saved="false" data-cy="loggedout-save-slideshow-button"><span class="Icon_root__AjZyv SaveLoggedOut_icon__ny9X2" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button></div><button type="button" class="unstyled-button more-button MoreDropdownButton_trigger__x7wGs" aria-label="More options" data-cy="more-options-icon" data-testid="ellipsis"><div 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More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.\n \nThis presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.\n","tags":["competition"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/artificial-intelligence-data-and-competition-corba-june-2024-oecd-discussion/269644470","userLogin":"OECD-DAF","userName":"OECD Directorate for Financial and Enterprise Affairs","viewCount":1908},{"algorithmId":"","displayTitle":"Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition – OECD – June 2024 OECD discussion","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":7,"score":0,"slideshowId":"269644420","sourceName":"MORE_FROM_USER","strippedTitle":"artificial-intelligence-data-and-competition-oecd-june-2024-oecd-discussion","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/oecd-ai-data-and-competition-oecd-june2024-240612112747-6bde3fa3-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"This presentation by OECD, OECD Secretariat, was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. 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More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.\n \nThis presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.\n","tags":["competition"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/artificial-intelligence-data-and-competition-lim-june-2024-oecd-discussion/269644384","userLogin":"OECD-DAF","userName":"OECD Directorate for Financial and Enterprise Affairs","viewCount":2007},{"algorithmId":"","displayTitle":"Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations – OECD – June 2024 ...","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":7,"score":0,"slideshowId":"269605387","sourceName":"MORE_FROM_USER","strippedTitle":"competition-and-regulation-in-professions-and-occupations-oecd-june-2024-oecd-discussion","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/oecd-professional-services-oecd-june2024-240610150930-67b7adc2-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"This presentation by OECD, OECD Secretariat, was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the 77th meeting of the OECD Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. 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Kovacic, Global Competition Professor of Law and Policy and Director, Competition Law Center, The George Washington University, was made during the discussion “Ex-post Assessment of Merger Remedies” held at the 22nd meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 8 December 2023. 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Finnegan Distinguished Professor of Economics, Northeastern University, was made during the discussion “Ex-post Assessment of Merger Remedies” held at the 22nd meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 8 December 2023. 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,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。\r\n【关于学历材料质量】\r\n我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（原版纸质、底色、纹路）我们工厂拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有成品以及工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！\r\n【主营项目】\r\n一、制作（加拿大CBU毕业证书）不列颠海角大学毕业证成绩单【q微741003700】可查留信认证、Offer录取通知书、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！\r\n二、真实可查留信认证(包成功,不成功不收费)\r\n三、真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）\r\n四、办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)\r\n【业务选择办理准则】\r\n一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信号bwp0011】文凭即可\r\n二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信号bwp0011】即可\r\n三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。\r\n\r\n【成绩单有没有必要办理】\r\n成绩单的意义主要体现在证明学习能力、评估学术背景、展示综合素质、提高录取率，以及是作为留信认证申请材料的一部分。\r\n成绩单能够体现您的的学习能力，包括课程成绩、专业能力、研究能力。具体来说，成绩报告单通常包含学生的学习技能与习惯、各科成绩以及老师评语等部分，因此，成绩单不仅是学生学术能力的证明，也是评估学生是否适合某个教育项目的重要依据！\r\n\r\n留信网认证的作用:\r\n1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份\r\n2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定\r\n3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书\r\n4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方\r\n5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息\r\n6:个人职称评审加20分\r\n7:个人信誉贷款加10分\r\n8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才\r\n\r\n留信网服务项目：\r\n1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）\r\n2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务\r\n3、留学人员区块链存储服务\r\n\r\n国外留学回国的学生都清楚学历认证【微信:bwp0011】的重要性，一些在留学期间因为意外情况被开除不能毕业的学生，即便在无学位的情况下，也想费尽心思申请一份学历认证为自己证明国外的学位情况。\r\n留学认证学历从最简单的层面来说是对你纪念学习生涯画上一个完美的句号,从另一种角度来说也是对自己的一种交代，更是一种学习能力的证明!\r\n\r\n留信网和中留服的区别：【微信：bwp0011】\r\n办理（加拿大CBU毕业证书）不列颠海角大学毕业证【微信:bwp0011】offer/学位证、留信官方学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作\r\n留信网的主办单位是北京留信信息科学研究院，主要职责就是为留学归国人员提供留学生就业等人力资源服务，提供“境外校库”海外院校办学信息查询。留信认证主要是出具“留学生专业人才入库证明”，以及一个留信网网络查询留学经历数据分析报告。\r\n\r\n留服即中国留学服务中心，是教育部直属事业单位，主要从事出国留学、留学回国、来华留学以及教育国际交流与合作等领域的相关服务，其中国企，考公，落户，升学等都是需要留服认证的。\r\n\r\n两种认证用处有所差异，大家肯定都想做更有用的留服认证。须知，留服认证只有在正规大学或项目就读，顺利毕业取得学位的情况下才能认证通过，如果是留学未能完成学业的，没有取得毕业相关证书，则无法通过认证。\r\n\r\n在这种情况下，国外留学无法毕业的留学生如果想要直接认证，则只能选择留信认证了。这种方式可以给予因为各种原因在国外无法完成学业，被退学，被开除的同学更多选择的可能，更多证明留学经历学习背景的机会。\r\n办理（加拿大CBU毕业证书）不列颠海角大学毕业证【微信:bwp0011】offer/学位证、留信官方学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作\r\n【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】\r\n我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间\r\n对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。\r\n选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！\r\n办理（加拿大CBU毕业证书）不列颠海角大学毕业证/学位证【qq:74100 3700】offer/学位证、留信官方学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作\r\n定制（加拿大CBU毕业证书）不列颠海角大学毕业证成绩单【qq:74100 3700】不同学院专业模版基本一致，不同年份版本有所区别，严格按照不同年份版本来定制。\r\n留学：一场跨越国界的成长之旅\r\n在人生的广阔画卷中，留学无疑是最为绚烂多彩的一笔。它不仅仅是一次地理上的迁徙，更是心灵与智慧的深度游历，是自我挑战与重塑的宝贵机遇。当飞机划过天际，远离熟悉的土地，每一位踏上留学征途的学子，都怀揣着梦想与不安，迈向了一个全新的世界。\r\n文化的碰撞与融合\r\n留学，首先是一场文化的盛宴。走进异国他乡，每一处风景、每一道菜肴、每一种语言，都是文化的独特印记\r\n总之，留学是一场充满挑战与机遇的旅程。它让学子们在文化的碰撞中拓宽视野，在学术的深耕中提升自我，在独立与成长的磨砺中变得坚韧不拔，在人际关系的构建中拓展世界。这段经历，将成为他们人生中最宝贵的财富之一，激励他们在未来的道路上勇往直前，不断探索未知的世界","tags":["（加拿大cbu毕业证书）不列颠海角大学毕业证"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/rv9um8-pptx/273300985","userLogin":"l325xie0","userName":"l325xie0","viewCount":43},{"algorithmId":"4","displayTitle":"Mindfulness and Eating Final 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connection that spans over 45 years. He has been a role model, guiding light, and mentor-in-absentia. His influence inspired me to study History and ignited an intellectual path that has shaped my life and career.\n\nThis biography captures Professor Osuntokun’s remarkable legacy, from his roots in Ekiti, to his contributions to diplomacy, scholarship, and his integrity in service to Nigeria. The authors beautifully trace his life's journey, from his early days at Christ's School to his academic career and diplomatic roles, culminating in his leadership at Ekiti State University as Pro-Chancellor. \n\nHaving witnessed firsthand Professor Osuntokun's impact on education, diplomacy, and public service, I am delighted that this work highlights his invaluable contributions. His life exemplifies dedication, resilience, and moral fortitude—an evidence to the nobility of public service.\n\nI encourage everyone to read this inspiring book and join in celebrating the legacy of Professor Osuntokun.\n\nCongratulations to the authors and, most importantly, to Professor Osuntokun for a life so well-lived. ","tags":["africa","leadership","nigeria"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/review-of-the-noble-academic-and-patriot-a-biography-of-prof-akinjide-osuntokun/273337449","userLogin":"KayodeFayemi3","userName":"Kayode Fayemi","viewCount":65},{"algorithmId":"4","displayTitle":"Hartcliffe Betrayed clifton litfest.pptx","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":16,"score":0,"slideshowId":"273505729","sourceName":"LATEST","strippedTitle":"hartcliffe-betrayed-clifton-litfest-pptx","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/hartcliffebetrayedcliftonlitfest-241121190947-85655cd0-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"Book Launch Presentation at Clifton Litfest November 2024. Hartcliffe Betrayed charts the planning, design and building of a post war council estate on the outskirts of Bristol, its a story that was repeated across the country and feeds into current debates around urban extensions and 15 minute neighbourhoods\n","tags":["book","history","bristol"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hartcliffe-betrayed-clifton-litfest-pptx/273505729","userLogin":"PaulSmith79","userName":"Paul Smith","viewCount":24},{"algorithmId":"4","displayTitle":"Generation Gap and Strategies to Bridge It","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":23,"score":0,"slideshowId":"273516529","sourceName":"LATEST","strippedTitle":"generation-gap-and-strategies-to-bridge-it","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/ggpresentationv3-241122055624-cec0d936-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"Generation Gap and strategies to bridge that gap","tags":[],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/generation-gap-and-strategies-to-bridge-it/273516529","userLogin":"aspdotnetcore","userName":"aspdotnetcore","viewCount":10},{"algorithmId":"4","displayTitle":"【英国毕业证复刻】德比大学毕业证书定制_Derby学历认证","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":13,"score":0,"slideshowId":"273459171","sourceName":"LATEST","strippedTitle":"lf0rm5-pptx","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/random-241120073827-4bd770fc-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"英国毕业证复刻-原版高精度还原【办证威信-QQ/: 74100 3700】德比大学毕业证书定制_Derby学历认证毕业证和学位证书、成绩单、offer留信学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。\r\n\r\n主要有文凭办理、毕业证购买、毕业证成绩单购买、文凭购买，毕业证办理业务。一比一还原国外大学毕业证，定制国外大学学历，制作国外大学文凭，复刻国外大学毕业证书。办理毕业证、办理文凭、 买大学毕业证、买大学文凭，海量学校供您选择 · 学校真实原版工艺 · 十年从业经验专业可靠 · 您值得信赖的合作商家！\r\n\r\n【关于学历材料质量】\r\n我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（原版纸质、底色、纹路）我们工厂拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有成品以及工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！提供美国毕业证制作、加拿大毕业证定做、美国文凭订购、加拿大大学毕业证、美国大学文凭办理，加拿大文凭办理等业务。\r\n【业务选择办理准则】\r\n一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信号bwp0011】文凭即可\r\n二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信号bwp0011】即可\r\n三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。\r\n\r\n【成绩单有没有必要办理】\r\n成绩单的意义主要体现在证明学习能力、评估学术背景、展示综合素质、提高录取率，以及是作为留信认证申请材料的一部分。\r\n成绩单能够体现您的的学习能力，包括课程成绩、专业能力、研究能力。具体来说，成绩报告单通常包含学生的学习技能与习惯、各科成绩以及老师评语等部分，因此，成绩单不仅是学生学术能力的证明，也是评估学生是否适合某个教育项目的重要依据！\r\n\r\n留信网认证的作用:\r\n1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份\r\n2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定\r\n3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书\r\n4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方\r\n5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息\r\n6:个人职称评审加20分\r\n7:个人信誉贷款加10分\r\n8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才\r\n\r\n留信网服务项目：\r\n1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）\r\n2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务\r\n3、留学人员区块链存储服务\r\n\r\n国外留学回国的学生都清楚学历认证【微信:bwp0011】的重要性，一些在留学期间因为意外情况被开除不能毕业的学生，即便在无学位的情况下，也想费尽心思申请一份学历认证为自己证明国外的学位情况。\r\n留学认证学历从最简单的层面来说是对你纪念学习生涯画上一个完美的句号,从另一种角度来说也是对自己的一种交代，更是一种学习能力的证明!\r\n\r\n留信网和中留服的区别：【微信：bwp0011】\r\n办理德比大学毕业证书定制_Derby学历认证毕业证【微信:bwp0011】offer/学位证、留信官方学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作\r\n留信网的主办单位是北京留信信息科学研究院，主要职责就是为留学归国人员提供留学生就业等人力资源服务，提供“境外校库”海外院校办学信息查询。留信认证主要是出具“留学生专业人才入库证明”，以及一个留信网网络查询留学经历数据分析报告。\r\n\r\n留服即中国留学服务中心，是教育部直属事业单位，主要从事出国留学、留学回国、来华留学以及教育国际交流与合作等领域的相关服务，其中国企，考公，落户，升学等都是需要留服认证的。\r\n\r\n两种认证用处有所差异，大家肯定都想做更有用的留服认证。须知，留服认证只有在正规大学或项目就读，顺利毕业取得学位的情况下才能认证通过，如果是留学未能完成学业的，没有取得毕业相关证书，则无法通过认证。\r\n\r\n在这种情况下，国外留学无法毕业的留学生如果想要直接认证，则只能选择留信认证了。这种方式可以给予因为各种原因在国外无法完成学业，被退学，被开除的同学更多选择的可能，更多证明留学经历学习背景的机会。\r\n办理德比大学毕业证书定制_Derby学历认证毕业证【微信:bwp0011】offer/学位证、留信官方学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作。\r\n\r\n办理德比大学毕业证书定制_Derby学历认证毕业证/学位证【qq:74100 3700】在读证明信/文凭证书、留信官方学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作\r\n定制德比大学毕业证书定制_Derby学历认证毕业证成绩单【qq:74100 3700】不同学院专业模版基本一致，不同年份版本有所区别，严格按照不同年份版本来定制。\r\n留学：一场跨越国界的成长之旅\r\n在人生的广阔画卷中，留学无疑是最为绚烂多彩的一笔。它不仅仅是一次地理上的迁徙，更是心灵与智慧的深度游历，是自我挑战与重塑的宝贵机遇。当飞机划过天际，远离熟悉的土地，每一位踏上留学征途的学子，都怀揣着梦想与不安，迈向了一个全新的世界。\r\n文化的碰撞与融合\r\n留学，首先是一场文化的盛宴。走进异国他乡，每一处风景、每一道菜肴、每一种语言，都是文化的独特印记\r\n总之，留学是一场充满挑战与机遇的旅程。它让学子们在文化的碰撞中拓宽视野，在学术的深耕中提升自我，在独立与成长的磨砺中变得坚韧不拔，在人际关系的构建中拓展世界。这段经历，将成为他们人生中最宝贵的财富之一，激励他们在未来的道路上勇往直前，不断探索未知的世界","tags":["德比大学毕业证书"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/lf0rm5-pptx/273459171","userLogin":"ol4w81rz","userName":"ol4w81rz","viewCount":13},{"algorithmId":"4","displayTitle":"GoogleDevelopersGroup_InaugurationAJIET.pptx","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":32,"score":0,"slideshowId":"273455249","sourceName":"LATEST","strippedTitle":"googledevelopersgroup_inaugurationajiet-pptx","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/gdgajiet-241120051450-f27a67f2-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"🎉 GDG: Inauguration Ceremony '24 🎉\n\nWe are beyond excited to invite you to the official launch of GDG '24! This landmark event marks the start of an incredible journey for our tech community at GDG On Campus - Info Institute of Engineering. Join us as we embark on a year filled with opportunities to connect, collaborate, and innovate!\n\n🔹 What to Expect:\n1. Introduction to GDG On Campus\n\nDive into the mission and vision of Google Developer Groups (GDG) On Campus as we join the global GDG network. Discover our commitment to building a collaborative environment where students and developers can come together to learn, grow, and create meaningful tech solutions.\n\n2. Meet the Core Team\n\nGet to know the passionate team members who will be guiding our community forward in 2024. With experts in AI/ML, Cloud, Web, Android/Flutter, and UI/UX, each leader brings a wealth of knowledge and dedication to help you succeed in the tech world.\n\n3. Upcoming Events and Opportunities\n\nHere’s a glimpse of what’s in store this year! From hands-on workshops and exciting study jams to specialized events like Generative AI Study Jams, you’ll find countless ways to engage, learn, and thrive in fields like AI, mobile development, cloud tech, and web design.\n\n4. Networking and Collaboration\n\nThis event is all about building relationships! Connect with tech enthusiasts, developers, and innovators who share your interests, and explore potential collaborations with fellow students and industry professionals.\n\n5. A Platform for Growth\n\nAt GDG '24, we’re laying down the groundwork for a thriving tech community within our institute. Expect mentoring programs, hackathons, and real-world projects designed to help you sharpen your skills, gain hands-on experience, and make an impact.\n\n🔹 Why Attend:\nBecome part of a vibrant tech community with like-minded developers, innovators, and enthusiasts.\nDiscover the latest trends in AI/ML, Cloud, Web, and Android/Flutter.\nNetwork with professionals, mentors, and peers who share your passion for technology.\nGain priority access to events, workshops, and hands-on experiences that boost your skills and career.\nDiscover personal and professional growth opportunities through community engagement.\nWhether you’re a first-year student or a tech enthusiast, GDG '24 has something for everyone. Join us for this unforgettable event and set the stage for an incredible year of innovation and growth!","tags":["gdg","developer","dev community"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/googledevelopersgroup_inaugurationajiet-pptx/273455249","userLogin":"shetlikith57","userName":"shetlikith57","viewCount":6},{"algorithmId":"4","displayTitle":"Sagarmanthan: The Great Ocean Dialogue: Conversations on the Blue Economy","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":8,"score":0,"slideshowId":"273411320","sourceName":"LATEST","strippedTitle":"sagarmanthan-the-great-ocean-dialogue-conversations-on-the-blue-economy","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/jkf-sargarmanthancmprsd-241118205002-d2f21f24-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"\nI had the honour of sharing my thoughts on the “Sagarmanthan: The Great Ocean Dialogue: Conversations on the Blue Economy,” an important forum that highlights the vital role of the blue economy in global development, particularly in Africa. As Chair of the Forum of Regions of Africa (FORAF), I am dedicated to advancing the role of sub-national governments in promoting national and continental prosperity. This dialogue provides a timely opportunity to enhance our understanding of Africa’s vast oceanic and marine resources and their untapped potential.\n\nAfrica is home to 38 coastal states and numerous island nations, covering over 13 million square kilometers of ocean territory. Despite this immense resource base, we face significant challenges such as illegal fishing, maritime insecurity, toxic waste dumping, and climate change, all of which threaten our efforts to establish a sustainable blue economy. Addressing these issues requires collaboration, innovation, and a people-centered approach.\n\nThe timing of this dialogue is particularly significant. Recent commitments made by African and Indian leaders emphasise the need for stronger maritime partnerships, especially in securing trade routes and combating piracy. The blue economy currently contributes over $350 billion annually to Africa, with projections expected to reach $600 billion by 2063. To unlock this potential, African nations have developed robust strategies, including the African Union’s Blue Economy Strategy and the African Integrated Maritime Strategy 2050, which target critical areas such as governance, conservation, infrastructure, and sustainable resource exploitation.\n\nOur next steps must focus on partnerships that include:\n\n- Comprehensive assessments of Africa’s blue economy potential.\n- Maritime spatial planning for sustainable resource management.\n- Integrated security strategies to ensure safe and efficient trade.\n- Development of marine ecosystems that balance economic growth with environmental sustainability.\n\nAs we look to the future, collaborating with partners like India offers promising opportunities to tackle our shared challenges. We must leverage expertise, technology, and innovation to create a sustainable blue economy that facilitates prosperity, reduces energy poverty, and protects our planet for future generations.","tags":["blue economy","ocean","africa"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/sagarmanthan-the-great-ocean-dialogue-conversations-on-the-blue-economy/273411320","userLogin":"KayodeFayemi3","userName":"Kayode Fayemi","viewCount":55},{"algorithmId":"4","displayTitle":"OECD Rural Principles series: Taking an integrated approach to Rural Developm...","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":14,"score":0,"slideshowId":"273337762","sourceName":"LATEST","strippedTitle":"oecd-rural-principles-series-taking-an-integrated-approach-to-rural-development-b-a-bryce","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/ppt7-241115150002-a6b12470-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"This presentation by Betty-Ann Bryce, Rural Policy Coordinator, CFE Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities, OECD, was made during the discussion “Taking an Integrated Approach to Rural Development” held as part of virtual discussions by OECD on The Rural Principles Series, on 14 November 2024.\n\nThis presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.\n ","tags":["oecd rural development","rural development","development"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/oecd-rural-principles-series-taking-an-integrated-approach-to-rural-development-b-a-bryce/273337762","userLogin":"OECD-regions","userName":"OECDregions","viewCount":11},{"algorithmId":"4","displayTitle":"HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF FORENSIC SCIENCE ppt.pdf","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":11,"score":0,"slideshowId":"273344456","sourceName":"LATEST","strippedTitle":"historical-background-of-forensic-science-ppt-pdf","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/historyofforensicscienceppt-241115222806-cef7ff98-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"history of forensic science ","tags":["forensic science"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/historical-background-of-forensic-science-ppt-pdf/273344456","userLogin":"YashvantSuman","userName":"YashvantSuman","viewCount":45},{"algorithmId":"4","displayTitle":"OECD Rural Principles series: Taking an integrated approach to Rural Developm...","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":16,"score":0,"slideshowId":"273337516","sourceName":"LATEST","strippedTitle":"oecd-rural-principles-series-taking-an-integrated-approach-to-rural-development-t-s-koller","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/ppt3-241115144513-7c647dba-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"This presentation by Theadora Swift Koller, Senior Technical Lead/Unit Head, Health Equity GRE/Director General’s Office, WHO, was made during the discussion “Taking an Integrated Approach to Rural Development” held as part of virtual discussions by OECD on The Rural Principles Series, on 14 November 2024. \n\nThis presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.\n","tags":["oecd rural development","rural development","development"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/oecd-rural-principles-series-taking-an-integrated-approach-to-rural-development-t-s-koller/273337516","userLogin":"OECD-regions","userName":"OECDregions","viewCount":7},{"algorithmId":"4","displayTitle":"Economic Geography :Mining and Minerals","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":37,"score":0,"slideshowId":"273425684","sourceName":"LATEST","strippedTitle":"economic-geography-mining-and-mineral-pdf","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/mining-241119080244-b9d4926e-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"Mining is the process of extracting valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth. These materials are essential for various industries and are used in everyday products. And Mining is a vital industry that supports modern life through the extraction of essential minerals. While it offers economic benefits, careful management and sustainable practices are necessary to mitigate its environmental impact.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n","tags":[],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/economic-geography-mining-and-mineral-pdf/273425684","userLogin":"Jamesdobuol","userName":"Jamesdobuol","viewCount":14},{"algorithmId":"4","displayTitle":"原版一样（英国Teesside毕业证书）提赛德大学毕业证成绩单制作办理流程","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":13,"score":0,"slideshowId":"273353729","sourceName":"LATEST","strippedTitle":"zw1ep5-pptx","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/random-241116084839-96e9e3d1-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"留学生回国工作就业【qq/微信: 74100 3700】（英国Teesside毕业证书）提赛德大学毕业证和学位证书、成绩单、offer留信学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。\r\n【关于学历材料质量】\r\n我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（原版纸质、底色、纹路）我们工厂拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有成品以及工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！\r\n【主营项目】\r\n一、制作（英国Teesside毕业证书）提赛德大学毕业证成绩单【q微741003700】可查留信认证、Offer录取通知书、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！\r\n二、真实可查留信认证(包成功,不成功不收费)\r\n三、真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）\r\n四、办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)\r\n【业务选择办理准则】\r\n一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信号bwp0011】文凭即可\r\n二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信号bwp0011】即可\r\n三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。\r\n\r\n【成绩单有没有必要办理】\r\n成绩单的意义主要体现在证明学习能力、评估学术背景、展示综合素质、提高录取率，以及是作为留信认证申请材料的一部分。\r\n成绩单能够体现您的的学习能力，包括课程成绩、专业能力、研究能力。具体来说，成绩报告单通常包含学生的学习技能与习惯、各科成绩以及老师评语等部分，因此，成绩单不仅是学生学术能力的证明，也是评估学生是否适合某个教育项目的重要依据！\r\n\r\n留信网认证的作用:\r\n1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份\r\n2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定\r\n3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书\r\n4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方\r\n5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息\r\n6:个人职称评审加20分\r\n7:个人信誉贷款加10分\r\n8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才\r\n\r\n留信网服务项目：\r\n1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）\r\n2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务\r\n3、留学人员区块链存储服务\r\n\r\n国外留学回国的学生都清楚学历认证【微信:bwp0011】的重要性，一些在留学期间因为意外情况被开除不能毕业的学生，即便在无学位的情况下，也想费尽心思申请一份学历认证为自己证明国外的学位情况。\r\n留学认证学历从最简单的层面来说是对你纪念学习生涯画上一个完美的句号,从另一种角度来说也是对自己的一种交代，更是一种学习能力的证明!\r\n\r\n留信网和中留服的区别：【微信：bwp0011】\r\n办理（英国Teesside毕业证书）提赛德大学毕业证【微信:bwp0011】offer/学位证、留信官方学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作\r\n留信网的主办单位是北京留信信息科学研究院，主要职责就是为留学归国人员提供留学生就业等人力资源服务，提供“境外校库”海外院校办学信息查询。留信认证主要是出具“留学生专业人才入库证明”，以及一个留信网网络查询留学经历数据分析报告。\r\n\r\n留服即中国留学服务中心，是教育部直属事业单位，主要从事出国留学、留学回国、来华留学以及教育国际交流与合作等领域的相关服务，其中国企，考公，落户，升学等都是需要留服认证的。\r\n\r\n两种认证用处有所差异，大家肯定都想做更有用的留服认证。须知，留服认证只有在正规大学或项目就读，顺利毕业取得学位的情况下才能认证通过，如果是留学未能完成学业的，没有取得毕业相关证书，则无法通过认证。\r\n\r\n在这种情况下，国外留学无法毕业的留学生如果想要直接认证，则只能选择留信认证了。这种方式可以给予因为各种原因在国外无法完成学业，被退学，被开除的同学更多选择的可能，更多证明留学经历学习背景的机会。\r\n办理（英国Teesside毕业证书）提赛德大学毕业证【微信:bwp0011】offer/学位证、留信官方学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作\r\n【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】\r\n我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间\r\n对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。\r\n选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！\r\n办理（英国Teesside毕业证书）提赛德大学毕业证/学位证【qq:74100 3700】offer/学位证、留信官方学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作\r\n定制（英国Teesside毕业证书）提赛德大学毕业证成绩单【qq:74100 3700】不同学院专业模版基本一致，不同年份版本有所区别，严格按照不同年份版本来定制。\r\n留学：一场跨越国界的成长之旅\r\n在人生的广阔画卷中，留学无疑是最为绚烂多彩的一笔。它不仅仅是一次地理上的迁徙，更是心灵与智慧的深度游历，是自我挑战与重塑的宝贵机遇。当飞机划过天际，远离熟悉的土地，每一位踏上留学征途的学子，都怀揣着梦想与不安，迈向了一个全新的世界。\r\n文化的碰撞与融合\r\n留学，首先是一场文化的盛宴。走进异国他乡，每一处风景、每一道菜肴、每一种语言，都是文化的独特印记\r\n总之，留学是一场充满挑战与机遇的旅程。它让学子们在文化的碰撞中拓宽视野，在学术的深耕中提升自我，在独立与成长的磨砺中变得坚韧不拔，在人际关系的构建中拓展世界。这段经历，将成为他们人生中最宝贵的财富之一，激励他们在未来的道路上勇往直前，不断探索未知的世界","tags":["（英国teesside毕业证书）提赛德大学毕业证"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/zw1ep5-pptx/273353729","userLogin":"u96c99fh","userName":"u96c99fh","viewCount":25},{"algorithmId":"4","displayTitle":"Indian knolwedge system on aryuveda and yoga","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":7,"score":0,"slideshowId":"273312794","sourceName":"LATEST","strippedTitle":"indian-knolwedge-system-on-aryuveda-and-yoga","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/juxz5ldqhanshcqlak4w-iks-presentation-241114175713-e707aa2a-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"Offers a basic simple explanation on what is IKS,aurveda and yoga","tags":["india"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/indian-knolwedge-system-on-aryuveda-and-yoga/273312794","userLogin":"simbisaichinhema14","userName":"Vignan's foundation for science technology and research(deeemed to be university)","viewCount":67}]},"secretUrl":"prxQeeCezfkA5T","shouldShowAds":true,"slides":{"host":"https://image.slidesharecdn.com","title":"Competition-and-Professional-Sports-BUDZINSKI-December-2023-OECD-discussion","imageLocation":"oecd-sports-budzinski-dec23-231205101007-943e92aa","imageSizes":[{"quality":85,"width":320,"format":"jpg"},{"quality":85,"width":638,"format":"jpg"},{"quality":75,"width":2048,"format":"webp"}]},"smsShareUrl":"sms:?body=Check out this SlideShare : https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/competition-and-professional-sports-budzinski-december-2023-oecd-discussion/264311497","strippedTitle":"competition-and-professional-sports-budzinski-december-2023-oecd-discussion","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/oecd-sports-budzinski-dec23-231205101007-943e92aa-thumbnail.jpg?width=640\u0026height=640\u0026fit=bounds","title":"Competition and Professional Sports – BUDZINSKI – December 2023 OECD discussion","totalSlides":6,"transcript":["OECD Best Practice Roundtable\nCompetition and Professional Sports\nOliver Budzinski\nProf. Dr. Oliver Budzinski\nChair for Economic Theory\nInstitute of Economics (Director)\nIlmenau University of Technology\nEmail: oliver.budzinski@tu-Ilmenau.de\n ","Economics Background\n- Sports Associations/Sports Governing Bodies often act as internal market\nregulators (setting, implementing and enforcing rules)\n- sometimes (directly or indirectly) combined with commercial activities (i.e.\nmarketing the competition) [“dual role”]\n- nature of sport requires market-internal regulator …\n- … who inevitably possess horizontal and vertical market power\n- incentives to anticompetitively abuse this market power depends on specific\ninstitutional setting but is especially given in dual role-situations\n2\n ","Rules on (Market/Competition) Entry\n- rules of market entry for premium championships: obvious relevance to compete at\nthe highest level\no restriction of participants legitimate and inherent …\no … but proportional?\n number of participants / overly restrictive (= artificial quantity reduction)\n closed leagues/shops, incl. unwillingness to fill empty slots\n Can the best compete? (= selection on sporting merits)\n3\n ","Rules on (Market/Competition) Entry\no … adequate selection criteria?\n Example 1: Formula 1 motor racing\n 10 out of 12-13 team places filled\n reluctant action to fill empty slots by the SGBs\n transparency of procedure?\n significant commercial contribution as a relevant selection criterion?\n Higher demands for potential entries than for incumbents – can this be\nprocompetitive?\n4\n ","Rules on (Market/Competition) Entry\no … adequate selection criteria?\n Example 2: Judo at Olympia\n only one Judoka per nation, sex, and weight class\n broad access for athletes from different countries …\n … but exclusion of top athletes in favour of lesser athletes (e.g.\nexclusion of No. 2 world ranking in favour of No. 23)\n When some of the world best athletes cannot entry the most lucrative\ncompetition because of nation clauses – procompetitive?\n5\n ","Recent Competition \u0026 Sports Related Publications\nBudzinski, O. (2023), (Sports) Economics Upside Down? – A Comment on the Advocate General Opinion in European Super\nLeague versus UEFA/FIFA, in: Concurrences, Vol. 20 (1), 2023, pp. 8-16.\nBudzinski, O. \u0026 Feddersen, A. (2023), Should Organizing Premier-Level European Football Be a Monopoly? And Who Should\nRun It? – An Economists’ Perspective, in: J. Kornbeck (ed.), EU Sports Antitrust Law and Governance: The Next Frontier?,\nCheltenham: Elgar 2023, pp. 85-101.\nBudzinski, O., Feddersen, A. \u0026 Kunz-Kaltenhäuser, P. (2022), Demand for TV Broadcasts of UEFA Champions League\nGames in Danish Television – The Impact of Uncertainty of Outcome, Stardom, and Local Heroes, Ilmenau Economics\nDiscussion Papers 27 (165), 2022, pp. 1-20.\nBudzinski, O. (2019), Competition Policy in Sports Markets, in: P. Downward et al. (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Sports\nEconomics, Los Angeles: Sage 2019, pp. 144-153.\nBudzinski, O. \u0026 Müller, A. (2018), Is the Revenue Allocation Scheme of Formula One Motor Racing a Case for European\nCompetition Policy? in: Contemporary Economic Policy, Vol. 36 (1), 2018, pp. 215-233.\nBudzinski, O. (2018), Financial Regulation as an Anticompetitive Institution, in: M. Breuer \u0026 D. Forrest (eds.), The Palgrave\nHandbook on the Economics of Manipulation in Professional Sports, Basingstoke: Palgrave 2018, pp. 159-179.\nBudzinski, O. (2014), The Competition Economics of Financial Fair Play, in: O. Budzinski \u0026 A. Feddersen (eds.),\nContemporary Research in Sports Economics, Frankfurt a.M.: Lang 2014, pp. 77-98.\n7\n "],"twitterShareUrl":"https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?via=SlideShare\u0026text=Competition+and+Professional+Sports+%E2%80%93+BUDZINSKI+%E2%80%93+December+2023+OECD+discussion+by+%40OECD_BizFin+https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slideshare.net%2Fslideshow%2Fcompetition-and-professional-sports-budzinski-december-2023-oecd-discussion%2F264311497","type":"presentation","slideDimensions":{"height":405,"width":720},"topReadSlides":[],"user":{"id":"58526457","isFollowing":false,"login":"OECD-DAF","name":"OECD Directorate for Financial and Enterprise Affairs","occupation":"International Organisation","organization":"OECD Directorate for Financial and Enterprise Affairs","photo":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/profile-photo-OECD-DAF-48x48.jpg?cb=1718368463","photoExists":true,"shortName":"OECD Directorate for"},"views":2840},"_nextI18Next":{"initialI18nStore":{"en":{"common":{"ad":{"fallbackText":"Ad for Scribd subscription","label":"Ad","close":"Close Ad","dismiss_in":"Dismiss in","ad_info_title":"Why are you seeing this?","ad_info_description":"We use ads to keep content free and accessible for everyone. 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