CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: certificate authority (CA)</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: certificate authority (CA)"> <meta name="keywords" content="certificate authority (CA)"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="certificate authority (CA)" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="certificate authority (CA)"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 716</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: certificate authority (CA)</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">716</span> Use of Personal Rhythm to Authenticate Encrypted Messages</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlos%20Gonzalez">Carlos Gonzalez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> When communicating using private and secure keys, there is always the doubt as to the identity of the message creator. We introduce an algorithm that uses the personal typing rhythm (keystroke dynamics) of the message originator to increase the trust of the authenticity of the message originator by the message recipient. The methodology proposes the use of a Rhythm Certificate Authority (RCA) to validate rhythm information. An illustrative example of the communication between Bob and Alice and the RCA is included. An algorithm of how to communicate with the RCA is presented. This RCA can be an independent authority or an enhanced Certificate Authority like the one used in public key infrastructure (PKI). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=authentication" title="authentication">authentication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20signature" title=" digital signature"> digital signature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=keystroke%20dynamics" title=" keystroke dynamics"> keystroke dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personal%20rhythm" title=" personal rhythm"> personal rhythm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public-key%20encryption" title=" public-key encryption"> public-key encryption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66737/use-of-personal-rhythm-to-authenticate-encrypted-messages" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66737.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">304</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">715</span> Adaptive Certificate-Based Mutual Authentication Protocol for Mobile Grid Infrastructure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Parveen%20Begam">H. Parveen Begam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Maluk%20Mohamed"> M. A. Maluk Mohamed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mobile Grid Computing is an environment that allows sharing and coordinated use of diverse resources in dynamic, heterogeneous and distributed environment using different types of electronic portable devices. In a grid environment the security issues are like authentication, authorization, message protection and delegation handled by GSI (Grid Security Infrastructure). Proving better security between mobile devices and grid infrastructure is a major issue, because of the open nature of wireless networks, heterogeneous and distributed environments. In a mobile grid environment, the individual computing devices may be resource-limited in isolation, as an aggregated sum, they have the potential to play a vital role within the mobile grid environment. Some adaptive methodology or solution is needed to solve the issues like authentication of a base station, security of information flowing between a mobile user and a base station, prevention of attacks within a base station, hand-over of authentication information, communication cost of establishing a session key between mobile user and base station, computing complexity of achieving authenticity and security. The sharing of resources of the devices can be achieved only through the trusted relationships between the mobile hosts (MHs). Before accessing the grid service, the mobile devices should be proven authentic. This paper proposes the dynamic certificate based mutual authentication protocol between two mobile hosts in a mobile grid environment. The certificate generation process is done by CA (Certificate Authority) for all the authenticated MHs. Security (because of validity period of the certificate) and dynamicity (transmission time) can be achieved through the secure service certificates. Authentication protocol is built on communication services to provide cryptographically secured mechanisms for verifying the identity of users and resources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20grid%20computing" title="mobile grid computing">mobile grid computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=certificate%20authority%20%28CA%29" title=" certificate authority (CA)"> certificate authority (CA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SSL%2FTLS%20protocol" title=" SSL/TLS protocol"> SSL/TLS protocol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secured%20service%20certificates" title=" secured service certificates"> secured service certificates</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29817/adaptive-certificate-based-mutual-authentication-protocol-for-mobile-grid-infrastructure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29817.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">305</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">714</span> Product Development Process to Obtain Community Standard Product Certificate: A Case of Bangkhonthi, Samut Songkhram, Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Supattra%20Pranee">Supattra Pranee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objectives of this research were to study the product development process to obtain a community standard product certificate and to set a guideline for the product development process to obtain the community product certificate. Focus group discussion was conducted with many experts in the field, local government officials, and representatives from local producers in Bangkontee district. The findings revealed that there were eight important processes to obtain the community product certificate: 1) prepare document, 2) submit the document, 3) set up an appointment for onsite inspection, 4) onsite inspection and sample collections, 5) evaluate samples, 6) obtain test result, and 7) obtain certificate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perceived%20values" title="perceived values">perceived values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourist%20destination" title=" tourist destination"> tourist destination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visiting" title=" visiting"> visiting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=product%20development" title=" product development"> product development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10524/product-development-process-to-obtain-community-standard-product-certificate-a-case-of-bangkhonthi-samut-songkhram-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10524.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">443</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">713</span> Empowering Certificate Management with Blockchain Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yash%20Ambekar">Yash Ambekar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kapil%20Vhatkar"> Kapil Vhatkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prathamesh%20Swami"> Prathamesh Swami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kartikey%20Singh"> Kartikey Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yashovardhan%20Kaware"> Yashovardhan Kaware</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The rise of online courses and certifications has created new opportunities for individuals to enhance their skills. However, this digital transformation has also given rise to coun- terfeit certificates. To address this multifaceted issue, we present a comprehensive certificate management system founded on blockchain technology and strengthened by smart contracts. Our system comprises three pivotal components: certificate generation, authenticity verification, and a user-centric digital locker for certificate storage. Blockchain technology underpins the entire system, ensuring the immutability and integrity of each certificate. The inclusion of a cryptographic hash for each certificate is a fundamental aspect of our design. Any alteration in the certificate’s data will yield a distinct hash, a powerful indicator of potential tampering. Furthermore, our system includes a secure digital locker based on cloud storage that empowers users to efficiently manage and access all their certificates in one place. Moreover, our project is committed to providing features for certificate revocation and updating, thereby enhancing the system’s flexibility and security. Hence, the blockchain and smart contract-based certificate management system offers a robust and one-stop solution to the escalating problem of counterfeit certificates in the digital era. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain%20technology" title="blockchain technology">blockchain technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20contracts" title=" smart contracts"> smart contracts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=counterfeit%20certificates" title=" counterfeit certificates"> counterfeit certificates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=authenticity%20verification" title=" authenticity verification"> authenticity verification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cryptographic%20hash" title=" cryptographic hash"> cryptographic hash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20locker" title=" digital locker"> digital locker</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182702/empowering-certificate-management-with-blockchain-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182702.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">46</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">712</span> Track and Trace Solution on Land Certificate Production: Indonesian Land Certificate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adrian%20Rifqi">Adrian Rifqi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Febe%20Napitupulu"> Febe Napitupulu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erdi%20Hermawan"> Erdi Hermawan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edwin%20Putra"> Edwin Putra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Leprilian"> Yang Leprilian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article focuses on the implementation of the production improvement process of the Indonesian land certificate product that printed in Perum Peruri as the state-owned enterprises. Based on the data obtained, there are several complaints from customers of the 2019 land certificate production. The complaints become a negative value to loyal customers of Perum Peruri. Almost all the complaints are referring to ‘defective printouts and the difference between products in packaging and packaging labels both in terms of type and quantity’. To overcome this problem, we intend to make an improvement to the production process that focuses on complaints ‘there is a difference between products in packaging with packaging labels’. Improvements in the land certificate production process are relying on the technology of the scales and QR code on the packaging label. In addition, using the QR code on the packaging label will facilitate the process of tracking product data. With this method, we hope to reduce the error rate between products in packaging with the packaging label both in terms of quantity, type, and product number on the land certificate and error rate of sending land certificates, which will be sent to many places to 0%. With this solution, we also hope to get precise data and real-time reports on the production of land certificates in the near future, so track and trace implementation can be done as the solution of the land certificate production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20certificates" title="land certificates">land certificates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QR%20code" title=" QR code"> QR code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=track%20and%20trace" title=" track and trace"> track and trace</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=packaging" title=" packaging"> packaging</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116740/track-and-trace-solution-on-land-certificate-production-indonesian-land-certificate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116740.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">711</span> Implementation of Data Science in Field of Homologation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shubham%20Bhonde">Shubham Bhonde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nekzad%20Doctor"> Nekzad Doctor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shashwat%20Gawande"> Shashwat Gawande</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For the use and the import of Keys and ID Transmitter as well as Body Control Modules with radio transmission in a lot of countries, homologation is required. Final deliverables in homologation of the product are certificates. In considering the world of homologation, there are approximately 200 certificates per product, with most of the certificates in local languages. It is challenging to manually investigate each certificate and extract relevant data from the certificate, such as expiry date, approval date, etc. It is most important to get accurate data from the certificate as inaccuracy may lead to missing re-homologation of certificates that will result in an incompliance situation. There is a scope of automation in reading the certificate data in the field of homologation. We are using deep learning as a tool for automation. We have first trained a model using machine learning by providing all country's basic data. We have trained this model only once. We trained the model by feeding pdf and jpg files using the ETL process. Eventually, that trained model will give more accurate results later. As an outcome, we will get the expiry date and approval date of the certificate with a single click. This will eventually help to implement automation features on a broader level in the database where certificates are stored. This automation will help to minimize human error to almost negligible. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=homologation" title="homologation">homologation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=re-homologation" title=" re-homologation"> re-homologation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20science" title=" data science"> data science</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title=" deep learning"> deep learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ETL%20%28extract%20transform%20loading%29" title=" ETL (extract transform loading)"> ETL (extract transform loading)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151431/implementation-of-data-science-in-field-of-homologation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151431.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">710</span> Authority and Responsibility of Turkish Physical Education Teachers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mufide%20Cotuk">Mufide Cotuk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muslim%20Bakir"> Muslim Bakir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> National education in Turkey aims to provide superior education opportunities to students in order to develop their intellectual abilities in accordance with contemporary pedagogy. Physical education (PE) plays an important role in this context. Various factors affect the quality and efficiency of the process of PE. Factors related to governance are crucially important, especially those of authority and responsibility. For educational institutions at high school level, the factors affecting authority and responsibility have not been clearly delineated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine authority and responsibility of PE teachers as the balance between them. The study sample consisted of 60 PE teachers (19 women, 41 men) at 57 high schools in Istanbul (65% state and 35% private institutions). All PE teachers completed the study questionnaire collecting demographic and institutional data as knowledge and attitudes regarding authority and responsibility issues. The determination of authority and responsibility of PE teachers has been grounded on the law for government officials, course-passing regulations, and school sports regulations. The PE teachers declared as the primary source of their authority and responsibility ‘school sports regulations’ (56,7% of PE teachers), ‘course-passing regulations’ (36,7% of PE teachers) and ‘the law for government officials’ (30,0% of PE teachers). The PE teachers mentioned that the school administration burdened them with additional responsibilities (58,3% of PE teachers). Such ‘additional’ responsibilities were primarily related to ‘disciplinary regulations’ (21,7% of PE teachers) and ‘maintenance of school order’ (16,0% of PE teachers). In conclusion, authority and responsibility of PE teachers were not well balanced. As authority issues were not clearly stated, ‘compulsory’ responsibilities increased causing this imbalance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=authority" title="authority">authority</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PE%20teacher" title=" PE teacher"> PE teacher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=responsibility" title=" responsibility"> responsibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sport%20management" title=" sport management"> sport management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61889/authority-and-responsibility-of-turkish-physical-education-teachers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61889.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">709</span> The Importance of Entrepreneurship Certificate Education Programs in Creating Entrepreneurship, Cukurova University Sample</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Karmutoglu">B. Karmutoglu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Guzel"> E. Guzel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Halefoglu"> Y. Halefoglu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to determine the basic trends of the students and instructors who participated in the courses of entrepreneurship certificate education in universities. In this study, it is tried to determine whether the level of education and occupational groups are meaningful in creating entrepreneurship, taking into consideration the legal regulations, supports, researches and development targets issued in this respect. For this reason, this project started 2015 and opened five courses in 2015, thirteen courses in 2016, and eleven courses in 2017. The total numbers of course and participants have been 30 and 510 respectively. Comparisons were made according to the faculties of 510 participants. In this comparison, it was observed that outward-oriented, self-confidence, breakthrough, risk-taking and entrepreneurship tendencies of engineering faculty students were very high. In the second place, entrepreneurial desires of the students of vocational high schools came to the forefront. This project supported by Cukurova University and The Scientific And Technological Research Council Of Turkey(TÜBİTAK) 1601 programming. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneurship" title="entrepreneurship">entrepreneurship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=training" title=" training"> training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=certificate" title=" certificate"> certificate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=project" title=" project"> project</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81074/the-importance-of-entrepreneurship-certificate-education-programs-in-creating-entrepreneurship-cukurova-university-sample" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81074.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">708</span> Utilize 5G Mobile Connection as a Node in the Proof of Authority Blockchain Used for Microtransaction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frode%20van%20der%20Laak">Frode van der Laak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper contributes to the feasibility of using a 5G mobile connection as a node for a Proof of Authority (PoA) blockchain, which is used for microtransactions at the same time. It uses the phone number identity of the users that are linked to the crypto wallet address. It also proposed a consensus protocol based on Proof-of-Authority (PoA) blockchain; PoA is a permission blockchain where consensus is achieved through a set of designated authority rather than through mining, as is the case with a Proof of Work (PoW) blockchain. This report will first explain the concept of a PoA blockchain and how it works. It will then discuss the potential benefits and challenges of using a 5G mobile connection as a node in such a blockchain, and finally, the main open problem statement and proposed solutions with the requirements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=5G" title="5G">5G</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile" title=" mobile"> mobile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=connection" title=" connection"> connection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=node" title=" node"> node</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PoA" title=" PoA"> PoA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain" title=" blockchain"> blockchain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microtransaction" title=" microtransaction"> microtransaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158556/utilize-5g-mobile-connection-as-a-node-in-the-proof-of-authority-blockchain-used-for-microtransaction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158556.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">707</span> Enhancing Cloud Computing with Security Trust Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Ayoade">John Ayoade</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cloud computing is a model that enables the delivery of on-demand computing resources such as networks, servers, storage, applications and services over the internet. Cloud Computing is a relatively growing concept that presents a good number of benefits for its users; however, it also raises some security challenges which may slow down its use. In this paper, we identify some of those security issues that can serve as barriers to realizing the full benefits that cloud computing can bring. One of the key security problems is security trust. A security trust model is proposed that can enhance the confidence that users need to fully trust the use of public and mobile cloud computing and maximize the potential benefits that they offer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cloud%20computing" title="cloud computing">cloud computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trust" title=" trust"> trust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=certificate%20authority" title=" certificate authority"> certificate authority</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PKI" title=" PKI"> PKI</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16186/enhancing-cloud-computing-with-security-trust-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16186.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">484</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">706</span> A Study of Curriculum for a Dual Bachelor’s Degree Including a Teaching Certificate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyeon%20Seok%20Kim">Hyeon Seok Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inhoi%20Lee"> Inhoi Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seong%20Baeg%20Kim"> Seong Baeg Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyunghee%20Ko"> Kyunghee Ko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyung%20Eon%20Lee"> Kyung Eon Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong%20Sik%20Kang"> Dong Sik Kang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the age of globalization, higher education institutions attempt to equip students with global competence. In response, most universities have been developing and running various international programs. However, teacher education has been a neglected area in this trend. Therefore, in this study, we suggest a program that offers a dual bachelor’s degree from both universities located on different countries, focusing on teacher education institutions with different policies and regulations of teacher education programs that may become obstacles to designing a dual degree program. We discuss a possible way to get a dual degree including a teaching certificate at a specialized college, college of secondary education. To be specific, this research presents a way to attain two diplomas from Jeju National University (JNU) in Korea and Boise State University (BSU) in the U.S. It attempts to build an effective plan for students to declare simultaneous degrees at both universities. From the study, we find that it takes about 5 years to fulfill requirements for the dual degree at the undergraduate level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20degree" title="dual degree">dual degree</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curriculum" title=" curriculum"> curriculum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20certificate" title=" teaching certificate"> teaching certificate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=college%20of%20secondary%20education" title=" college of secondary education"> college of secondary education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20program" title=" international program"> international program</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2611/a-study-of-curriculum-for-a-dual-bachelors-degree-including-a-teaching-certificate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2611.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">705</span> The Role of Authority's Testimony in Preschoolers' Ownership Judgment: A Study with Conflicting Cues Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhanxing%20Li">Zhanxing Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liqi%20Zhu"> Liqi Zhu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Authorities often intervene in children’s property conflicts, which may affect young children’s ownership understanding. First possession is a typical rule of ownership judgment. We recruited Chinese preschoolers as subjects and investigated their ownership reasoning regarding first possession, by setting three conditions via a conflicting cues method, in which a third party (mother or peer friend)’s testimony was always opposite to the cue of first possession (authority/non-authority testimony condition), or only the cue of first possession was present (no testimony condition). In Study A, we examined forty-two 3- and 5-year olds’ attribution and justification of ownership. The results showed while 5-year olds gave more support for the first possessor as the owner across three conditions, 3-year olds’ choice for the first possessor had no difference from the non-first possessor in the authority testimony condition. Moreover, 3-year olds tended to justify by reference to what mother said in the authority testimony condition, 5-year olds consistently referred to the first possession in three conditions. In Study B, we added two ownership questions to quantify children’s ability of ownership reasoning with four age groups (n = 32 for the 3-year-olds, n = 33 for the 4-year-olds, n = 27 for the 5-year olds and n = 30 for the adults) to explore the developmental trajectory further. It revealed that while 5-year olds’ performances were similar to the adults’ and always judged the first possessor as owner in three conditions, 3- and 4-year olds’ performed at chance level in the authority testimony condition. The results imply that Chinese young preschooler’s ownership reasoning was susceptible to authority’s testimony. Family authority may play an important role in diluting children’s adherence to ownership principles, which will be helpful for children to learn to share with others. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=authority" title="authority">authority</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ownership%20judgment" title=" ownership judgment"> ownership judgment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preschoolers" title=" preschoolers"> preschoolers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=testimony" title=" testimony"> testimony</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97495/the-role-of-authoritys-testimony-in-preschoolers-ownership-judgment-a-study-with-conflicting-cues-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97495.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">190</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">704</span> The Role and Function of National Land Authority as Mediator in Land Dispute Settlements in Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nia%20Kurniati">Nia Kurniati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Efa%20Laela%20Fakhriah"> Efa Laela Fakhriah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The regulation in Indonesia provides space for the land dispute to be settled outside the court by the government through National Land. In this case, the bureaucrat of Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN) acts as mediator to reach a fair agreement between the disputing parties. Land dispute is from a party who denies the ownership of the other party of a land and denies legal-technical facts written on land certificate published by BPN. Appointing the bureaucrat of BPN as mediator in dispute settlements may possibly create conflict of interest since the object. It has become a concern since bureaucrat of BPN acts as mediator, he will be bias and partial in assisting the dispute settlement, thus the spirit and purposes of mediation will be hampered. This issue triggers to be thoroughly examined further in a relation with the role and function of BPN as land dispute mediator. The methodology used in this research is a normative-legal one with qualitative-legal analytical method. The object of this research is in the form of random sampling of land dispute cases being occurred in some areas. Several principles in mediation have to be made as the base of the consideration to appoint bureaucrat of BPN as mediator since the mediator is an impartial third party, working with both disputing parties and assisting them to reach a fair resolution written in agreement as a foundation of land dispute settlement. The existence of BPN as mediator in land dispute settlement encounters conflict of interest which uphold legal uncertainty to act objectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20dispute" title=" land dispute"> land dispute</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mediator" title=" mediator"> mediator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20land%20authority" title=" national land authority"> national land authority</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57850/the-role-and-function-of-national-land-authority-as-mediator-in-land-dispute-settlements-in-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57850.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">703</span> Moving Towards Zero Waste in a UK Local Authority Area: Challenges to the Introduction of Separate Food Waste Collections</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Cole">C. Cole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Osmani"> M. Osmani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Wheatley"> A. Wheatley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Quddus"> M. Quddus</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> EU and UK Government targets for minimising and recycling household waste has led the responsible authorities to research the alternatives to landfill. In the work reported here the local waste collection authority (Charnwood Borough Council) has adopted the aspirational strategy of becoming a “Zero Waste Borough” to lead the drive for public participation. The work concludes that the separate collection of food waste would be needed to meet the two regulatory standards on recycling and biologically active wastes. An analysis of a neighbouring Authority (Newcastle-Under-Lyne Borough Council (NBC), a similar sized local authority that has a successful weekly food waste collection service was undertaken. Results indicate that the main challenges for Charnwood Borough Council would be gaining householder co-operation, the extra costs of collection and organising alternative treatment. The analysis also demonstrated that there was potential offset value via anaerobic digestion for CBC to overcome these difficulties and improve its recycling performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=England" title="England">England</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20waste%20collections" title=" food waste collections"> food waste collections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=household%20waste" title=" household waste"> household waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20authority" title=" local authority "> local authority </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11055/moving-towards-zero-waste-in-a-uk-local-authority-area-challenges-to-the-introduction-of-separate-food-waste-collections" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11055.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">414</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">702</span> Addressing the Oracle Problem: Decentralized Authentication in Blockchain-Based Green Hydrogen Certification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Volker%20Wannack">Volker Wannack</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is to present a concept for addressing the Oracle Problem in the context of hydrogen production using renewable energy sources. The proposed approach relies on the authentication of the electricity used for hydrogen production by multiple surrounding actors with similar electricity generation facilities, which attest to the authenticity of the electricity production. The concept introduces an Authenticity Score assigned to each certificate, as well as a Trust Score assigned to each witness. Each certificate must be attested by different actors with a sufficient Trust Score to achieve an Authenticity Score above a predefined threshold, thereby demonstrating that the produced hydrogen is indeed "green." <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen" title="hydrogen">hydrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain" title=" blockchain"> blockchain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20change" title=" structural change"> structural change</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181604/addressing-the-oracle-problem-decentralized-authentication-in-blockchain-based-green-hydrogen-certification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181604.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">64</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">701</span> Existence of Financial Service Authority Prior to 2045</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syafril%20Hendrik%20Hutabarat">Syafril Hendrik Hutabarat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hartiwiningsih"> Hartiwiningsih</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pujiyono%20Suwadi"> Pujiyono Suwadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Financial Service Authority (FSA) was formed as a response to the 1997 monetary crisis and the 2008 financial crisis so that it was more defensive in nature while developments in information and communication technology have required state policies to be more offensive to keep up with times. Reconstruction of Authorities of the FSA's Investigator is intended to keep the agency worthy to be part of an integrated criminal justice system in Indonesia which has implications for expanding its authority in line with efforts to protect and increase the welfare of the people. The results show that internal synergy between sub-sectors in the financial services sector is not optimised, some are even left behind so that the FSA is not truly an authority in the financial services sector. This research method is empirical. The goal of synergy must begin with internal synergy which has its moment when Indonesia gets a demographic bonus in the 2030s and becomes an international logistics hub supported by the national financial services sector. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconstruction" title="reconstruction">reconstruction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=authorities" title=" authorities"> authorities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FSA%20investigators" title=" FSA investigators"> FSA investigators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synergy" title=" synergy"> synergy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demography" title=" demography"> demography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167372/existence-of-financial-service-authority-prior-to-2045" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167372.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">700</span> Democratic Political Socialization of the 5th and 6th Graders under the Authority of Dusit District Office, Bangkok</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mathinee%20Khongsatid">Mathinee Khongsatid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phusit%20Phukamchanoad"> Phusit Phukamchanoad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sakapas%20Saengchai"> Sakapas Saengchai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research aims to study the democratic political socialization of the 5th and 6th Graders under the Authority of Dusit District Office, Bangkok by using stratified sampling for probability sampling and using purposive sampling for non-probability sampling to collect data toward the distribution of questionnaires to 300 respondents. This covers all of the schools under the authority of Dusit District Office. The researcher analyzed the data by using descriptive statistics which include arithmetic mean and standard deviation. The result shows that 5th and 6th graders under the authority of Dusit District Office, Bangkok, have displayed some characteristics following democratic political socialization both inside and outside classroom as well as outside school. However, the democratic political socialization in classroom through grouping and class participation is much more emphasized. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=democratic" title="democratic">democratic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20socialization" title=" political socialization"> political socialization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=students%20grades%205-6" title=" students grades 5-6"> students grades 5-6</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=descriptive%20statistics" title=" descriptive statistics"> descriptive statistics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12268/democratic-political-socialization-of-the-5th-and-6th-graders-under-the-authority-of-dusit-district-office-bangkok" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12268.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">275</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">699</span> Food Safety Management in Riyadh’s Ministry of Health Hospitals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Alrasheed">A. Alrasheed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Connerton"> I. Connerton</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Providing patients with safe meals on a daily basis is one of the challenges in the healthcare sector. In Saudi Arabia matters related to food safety and hygiene have been the heart of the Ministry of Health (MOH) and Saudi Food and Drugs Authority (SFDA). The aim of this study is to examine the causes of inadequate implementation of food safety management systems such as HACCP in Riyadh’s MOH hospitals. By the law, food safety must be managed using a documented, HACCP based approach, and food handlers must be appropriately trained in food safety. Food handlers in Saudi Arabia are not required to provide a certificate or attend a food handling training course even in healthcare sectors. Since food safety and hygiene issues are of increasing importance for Saudi Arabian health decision makers, the SFDA has been established to apply food hygiene requirements in all food operations. It should be pointed out that the implications of food outbreaks on the whole society may potentially go beyond individual health impacts but also impact on the Nation’s health and bring about economic repercussions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20safety" title="food safety">food safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patient" title=" patient"> patient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hospital" title=" hospital"> hospital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HACCP" title=" HACCP"> HACCP</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68800/food-safety-management-in-riyadhs-ministry-of-health-hospitals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68800.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">872</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">698</span> Legal Disputes of Disclosure and Transparency under Kuwaiti Capital Market Authority Law</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20A.%20R.%20S.%20Almutairi">Mohammad A. R. S. Almutairi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study will provide the introduction that constitutes the problem cornerstone of legal disputes of disclosure and transparency under Kuwaiti Capital market authority Law No. 7 of 2010. It also will discuss the reasons for the emergence of corporate governance and its purposes in the Capital Market Authority Law in Kuwait. In addition, it will show the legal disputes resulting from the unclear concept of disclosure and interest and will discuss the main reasons in support of the possible solution. In addition, this study will argue why the Capital Market Authority Law in Kuwait needs a clear concept and a straight structure of disclosure under section 100. This study will demonstrate why a clear disclosure is led to a better application of the law. This study will demonstrate the fairness in applying the law regarding the punishment against individual, companies and securities market. Furthermore, it will discuss added confidence between investors and the stock market with a clear concept under section 100. Finally, it will summarize arises problem and possible solution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20governors" title="corporate governors">corporate governors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disclosure" title=" disclosure"> disclosure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transparency" title=" transparency"> transparency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fairness" title=" fairness"> fairness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107371/legal-disputes-of-disclosure-and-transparency-under-kuwaiti-capital-market-authority-law" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107371.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">697</span> Irreducible Sign Patterns of Minimum Rank of 3 and Symmetric Sign Patterns That Allow Diagonalizability</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sriparna%20Bandopadhyay">Sriparna Bandopadhyay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is known that irreducible sign patterns in general may not allow diagonalizability and in particular irreducible sign patterns with minimum rank greater than or equal to 4. It is also known that every irreducible sign pattern matrix with minimum rank of 2 allow diagonalizability with rank of 2 and the maximum rank of the sign pattern. In general sign patterns with minimum rank of 3 may not allow diagonalizability if the condition of irreducibility is dropped, but the problem of whether every irreducible sign pattern with minimum rank of 3 allows diagonalizability remains open. In this paper it is shown that irreducible sign patterns with minimum rank of 3 under certain conditions on the underlying graph allow diagonalizability. An alternate proof of the results that every sign pattern matrix with minimum rank of 2 and no zero lines allow diagonalizability with rank of 2 and also that every full sign pattern allows diagonalizability with all permissible ranks of the sign pattern is given. Some open problems regarding composite cycles in an irreducible symmetric sign pattern that support of a rank principal certificate are also answered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irreducible%20sign%20patterns" title="irreducible sign patterns">irreducible sign patterns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minimum%20rank" title=" minimum rank"> minimum rank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=symmetric%20sign%20patterns" title=" symmetric sign patterns"> symmetric sign patterns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rank%20-principal%20certificate" title=" rank -principal certificate"> rank -principal certificate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=allowing%20diagonalizability" title=" allowing diagonalizability"> allowing diagonalizability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173597/irreducible-sign-patterns-of-minimum-rank-of-3-and-symmetric-sign-patterns-that-allow-diagonalizability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173597.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">98</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">696</span> Comparing Energy Labelling of Buildings in Spain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carolina%20Aparicio-Fern%C3%A1ndez">Carolina Aparicio-Fernández</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alejandro%20Vilar%20Abad"> Alejandro Vilar Abad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mar%20Ca%C3%B1ada%20Soriano"> Mar Cañada Soriano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jose-Luis%20Vivancos"> Jose-Luis Vivancos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The building sector is responsible for 40% of the total energy consumption in the European Union (EU). Thus, implementation of strategies for quantifying and reducing buildings energy consumption is indispensable for reaching the EU’s carbon neutrality and energy efficiency goals. Each Member State has transposed the European Directives according to its own peculiarities: existing technical legislation, constructive solutions, climatic zones, etc. Therefore, in accordance with the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive, Member States have developed different Energy Performance Certificate schemes, using proposed energy simulation software-tool for each national or regional area. Energy Performance Certificates provide a powerful and comprehensive information to predict, analyze and improve the energy demand of new and existing buildings. Energy simulation software and databases allow a better understanding of the current constructive reality of the European building stock. However, Energy Performance Certificates still have to face several issues to consider them as a reliable and global source of information since different calculation tools are used that do not allow the connection between them. In this document, TRNSYS (TRaNsient System Simulation program) software is used to calculate the energy demand of a building, and it is compared with the energy labeling obtained with Spanish Official software-tools. We demonstrate the possibility of using not official software-tools to calculate the Energy Performance Certificate. Thus, this approach could be used throughout the EU and compare the results in all possible cases proposed by the EU Member States. To implement the simulations, an isolated single-family house with different construction solutions is considered. The results are obtained for every climatic zone of the Spanish Technical Building Code. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20demand" title="energy demand">energy demand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20performance%20certificate%20EPBD" title=" energy performance certificate EPBD"> energy performance certificate EPBD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trnsys" title=" trnsys"> trnsys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buildings" title=" buildings"> buildings</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146655/comparing-energy-labelling-of-buildings-in-spain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146655.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">695</span> Performance Based Road Asset Evaluation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kidus%20Dawit%20Gedamu">Kidus Dawit Gedamu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Addis Ababa City Road Authority is responsible for managing and setting performance evaluation of the city’s road network using the International Roughness Index (IRI). This helps the authority to conduct pavement condition assessments of asphalt roads each year to determine the health status or Level of service (LOS) of the roadway network and plan program improvements such as maintenance, resurfacing and rehabilitation. For a lower IRI limit economical and acceptable maintenance strategy may be selected among a number of maintenance alternatives. The Highway Development and Management (HDM-4) tool can do such measures to help decide which option is the best by evaluating the economic and structural conditions. This paper specifically addresses flexible pavement, including two principal arterial streets under the administration of the Addis Ababa City Roads Authority. The roads include the road from Megenagna Interchange to Ayat Square and from Ayat Square to Tafo RA. First, it was assessed the procedures followed by the city's road authority to develop the appropriate road maintenance strategies. Questionnaire surveys and interviews are used to collect information from the city's road maintenance departments. Second, the project analysis was performed for functional and economic comparison of different maintenance alternatives using HDM-4. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=appropriate%20maintenance%20strategy" title="appropriate maintenance strategy">appropriate maintenance strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20stream" title=" cost stream"> cost stream</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20deterioration" title=" road deterioration"> road deterioration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maintenance%20alternative" title=" maintenance alternative"> maintenance alternative</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184132/performance-based-road-asset-evaluation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184132.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">60</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">694</span> Necessity of Recognition of Same-Sex Marriages and Civil Partnerships Concluded Abroad from Civil Status Registry Point of View</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ewa%20Kamarad">Ewa Kamarad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recent problems with adopting the EU Regulation on matrimonial property regimes have clearly proven that Member States are unable to agree on the scope of the Regulation and, therefore, on the definitions of matrimonial property and marriage itself. Taking into account that the Regulation on the law applicable to divorce and legal separation, as well as the Regulation on matrimonial property regimes, were adopted in the framework of enhanced cooperation, it is evident that lack of a unified definition of marriage has very wide-ranging consequences. The main problem with the unified definition of marriage is that the EU is not entitled to adopt measures in the domain of material family law, as this area remains under the exclusive competence of the Member States. Because of that, the legislation on marriage in domestic legal orders of the various Member States is very different. These differences concern not only issues such as form of marriage or capacity to enter into marriage, but also the most basic matter, namely the core of the institution of marriage itself. Within the 28 Member States, we have those that allow both different-sex and same-sex marriages, those that have adopted special, separate institutions for same-sex couples, and those that allow only marriage between a man and a woman (e.g. Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia). Because of the freedom of movement within the European Union, it seems necessary to somehow recognize the civil effects of a marriage that was concluded in another Member State. The most crucial issue is how far that recognition should go. The thesis presented in the presentation is that, at an absolute minimum, the authorities of all Member States must recognize the civil status of the persons who enter into marriage in another Member State. Lack of such recognition might cause serious problems, both for the spouses and for other individuals. The authorities of some Member States may treat the marriage as if it does not exist because it was concluded under foreign law that defines marriage differently. Because of that, it is possible for the spouse to obtain a certificate of civil status stating that he or she is single and thus eligible to enter into marriage – despite being legally married under the law of another Member State. Such certificate can then be used in another country to serve as a proof of civil status. Eventually the lack of recognition can lead to so-called “international bigamy”. The biggest obstacle to recognition of marriages concluded under the law of another Member State that defines marriage differently is the impossibility of transcription of a foreign civil certificate in the case of such a marriage. That is caused by the rule requiring that a civil certificate issued (or transcribed) under one country's law can contain only records of legal institutions recognized by that country's legal order. The presentation is going to provide possible solutions to this problem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=civil%20status" title="civil status">civil status</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recognition%20of%20marriage" title=" recognition of marriage"> recognition of marriage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conflict%20of%20laws" title=" conflict of laws"> conflict of laws</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=private%20international%20law" title=" private international law"> private international law</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67057/necessity-of-recognition-of-same-sex-marriages-and-civil-partnerships-concluded-abroad-from-civil-status-registry-point-of-view" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67057.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">235</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">693</span> Incorporating Moving Authority Limits Into Driving Advice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peng%20Zhou">Peng Zhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Pudney"> Peter Pudney</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Driver advice systems are used by many rail operators to help train drivers to improve timekeeping while minimising energy use. These systems typically operate independently of the safeworking system, because information on how far the train is allowed to travel -the “limit of authority"- is usually not available as real-time data that can be used when generating driving advice. This is not an issue when there is sufficient separation between trains. But on systems with low headways, driving advice could conflict with safeworking requirements. We describe a method for generating driving advice that takes into account a moving limit of authority that is communicated to the train in real-time. We illustrate the method with four simulated examples using data from the Zhengzhou Metro. The method will allow driver advice systems to be used more effectively on railways with low headways. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=railway%20transportation" title="railway transportation">railway transportation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficient%20train%20operation" title=" energy efficient train operation"> energy efficient train operation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20train%20control" title=" optimal train control"> optimal train control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safe%20separation" title=" safe separation"> safe separation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194607/incorporating-moving-authority-limits-into-driving-advice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194607.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">9</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">692</span> A Study on the Residential Estate Development and Management by Defence Housing Authority (DHA) in Lahore</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zareen%20Shahid">Zareen Shahid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rapid increase in population has resulted in uncontrolled and unplanned growth of metropolitan cities in Pakistan. Pakistan is facing unprecedented challenges of acute housing shortages, unhealthy living conditions and a non-existent or dilapidated infrastructure across the country. The government of Pakistan has also failed to devise a comprehensive and long-term strategy to cope with the problem of housing and better infrastructure development and management that has resulted in congestion, overcrowding and deterioration of environment in cities. On the other hand public has developed intense faith upon Defence Housing Authority (DHA) Lahore. This research paper is about to observe the difference in residential estate development and services provided by DHA Lahore. This paper attempts to identify the factors which are contributing towards the success of DHA and recommend measures for improvement in public sector for betterment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residential%20estate" title="residential estate">residential estate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development%20and%20management" title=" development and management"> development and management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=defence%20housing%20authority" title=" defence housing authority"> defence housing authority</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21726/a-study-on-the-residential-estate-development-and-management-by-defence-housing-authority-dha-in-lahore" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21726.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">533</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">691</span> Comparing Occupants’ Satisfaction in LEED Certified Office Buildings and Non-LEED Certified Office Buildings: A Case Study of Office Buildings in Egypt and Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amgad%20A.%20Farghal">Amgad A. Farghal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dina%20I.%20El%20Desouki"> Dina I. El Desouki </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Energy consumption and users’ satisfaction were compared in three LEED certified office buildings in turkey and an office building in Egypt. The field studies were conducted in summer 2012. The measured environmental parameters in the four buildings were indoor air temperature, relative humidity, CO2 percentage and light intensity. The traditional building is located in Smart Village in Abu Rawash, Cairo, Egypt. The building was studied for 7 days resulting in 84 responds. The three rated buildings are in Istanbul; Turkey. A Platinum LEED certified office building is owned by BASF and gained a platinum certificate for new construction and major renovation. The building was studied for 3 days resulting in 13 responds. A Gold LEED certified office building is owned by BASF and gained a gold certificate for new construction and major renovation. The building was studied for 2 days resulting in 10 responds. A silver LEED certified office building is owned by Unilever and gained a silver certificate for commercial interiors. The building was studied for 7 days resulting in 84 responds. The results showed that all buildings had no significant difference regarding occupants’ satisfaction with the amount of lighting, noise level, odor and access to the outdoor view. There was significant difference between occupants’ satisfaction in LEED certified buildings and the traditional building regarding the thermal environment and the perception of the general environment (colors, carpet and decoration. The findings suggest that careful design could lead to a certified building that enhances the thermal environment and the perception of the indoor environment leading to energy consumption without scarifying occupants’ satisfaction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20consumption" title="energy consumption">energy consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupants%E2%80%99%20satisfaction" title=" occupants’ satisfaction"> occupants’ satisfaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rating%20systems" title=" rating systems"> rating systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=office%20buildings" title=" office buildings"> office buildings</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10324/comparing-occupants-satisfaction-in-leed-certified-office-buildings-and-non-leed-certified-office-buildings-a-case-study-of-office-buildings-in-egypt-and-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10324.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">690</span> The Usefulness of Financial Certification in Taiwan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chih-Mei%20Wang">Chih-Mei Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jon-Chao%20Hong"> Jon-Chao Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jian-Hong%20Ye"> Jian-Hong Ye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jing-Yun%20Fan"> Jing-Yun Fan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chiao-Fei%20Lin"> Chiao-Fei Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The value of a certificate is to implement the criteria for evaluating work ability. Some professional certificates may make people feel good, but they are not useful in the workplace. To address this issue, this study is based on the expectancy-value model to take financial certificates as an example to explore how participants perceived the value of obtaining certification related to their usage perception of career promotion and salary increase. A total of 339 valid samples were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling; the results showed that the number of professional certificates was not significantly correlated with career promotion, but the number of professional certificates is negatively related to salary and benefits (S&B), while career promotion and S&B were positively related to job performance. The results show that the number of professional certificates does not play a significant role in the expectancy-value model. Therefore, professional certifications related to a basic level of finance was not expected to obtain in Taiwan's financial industry, and it is important to study the usefulness of some other certificates in other competitive industry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=career%20promotion" title="career promotion">career promotion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=certificate" title=" certificate"> certificate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compensation%20and%20benefits" title=" compensation and benefits"> compensation and benefits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=goal-directed%20behaviors" title=" goal-directed behaviors"> goal-directed behaviors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Job%20performance" title=" Job performance"> Job performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165860/the-usefulness-of-financial-certification-in-taiwan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165860.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">689</span> Assessment of Teacher Qualification Status of University Teachers in North West Nigeria; Bayero University Kano in Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Collins%20Augustine%20Ekpiwre">Collins Augustine Ekpiwre</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Both the National Policy on Education (NPE) and the Teachers’ Registration Council of Nigeria (TRCN) gave the directive that all teachers in Nigerian schools should be trained teachers to enable them to be more effective in their teaching responsibilities. This applies to university teachers as well; they are required to acquire teacher qualifications such as Post Graduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) or Professional Diploma in Education (PDE) or Technical Teachers Certificate (TTC) or at least, National Certificate of Education (NCE) in addition to possessing academic qualifications in their specialized areas of study. It is on this ground that this study carried out an assessment of university teachers’ qualification status in Bayero University, Kano. The population of the study comprised all the teachers in the university. Data was collected through an examination of the documented official records of the qualification profile of all the teachers in the university obtained from its various faculties. The collected data was analyzed through descriptive statistic of simple percentage and frequency. Based on the findings of the study and in order to strengthen the teacher qualification status of teachers in the university, a few recommendations, for example, special salary scale should be made available to university teachers with appropriate teacher qualifications, were offered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teacher" title="Teacher">Teacher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=university%20teacher" title=" university teacher"> university teacher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher%20qualification" title=" teacher qualification"> teacher qualification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=university%20education" title=" university education"> university education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33032/assessment-of-teacher-qualification-status-of-university-teachers-in-north-west-nigeria-bayero-university-kano-in-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33032.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">427</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">688</span> Energy Savings with the Use of LED Lights at the Wastewater Treatment Plant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kishen%20Prathivadi">Kishen Prathivadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Sewer Authority Mid-Coastside (SAM) is a Joint Powers Authority formed in 1976 and provides secondary wastewater treatment to an average flow of 2.0 million gallons per day. SAM owns and operates a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) and a sanitary sewage collection system that collects sewage from its three member agencies: the City of Half Moon Bay, the Granada Community Services District and Montara Water and Sanitary District. The Sewer Authority Mid-Coastside (SAM) partnered with Pacific Gas & Electric, and its contractor GEL America, to review and replace all inefficient lighting fixtures and bulbs at the SAM treatment plant and administrative office. The project focused on replacing old and inefficient lighting fixtures and bulbs, reducing annual operating and maintenance costs, and reducing SAM’s carbon footprint. The project resulted in a 55% overall energy reduction, higher light quality and acuity, and a total operational savings of $495,000 over ten years. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20savings" title="energy savings">energy savings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LED" title=" LED"> LED</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lighting" title=" lighting"> lighting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical" title=" electrical "> electrical </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103288/energy-savings-with-the-use-of-led-lights-at-the-wastewater-treatment-plant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103288.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">687</span> Democratic Political Culture of the 5th and 6th Graders under the Authority of Dusit District Office, Bangkok</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vilasinee%20Jintalikhitdee">Vilasinee Jintalikhitdee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phusit%20Phukamchanoad"> Phusit Phukamchanoad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sakapas%20Saengchai"> Sakapas Saengchai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research aims to study the level of democratic political culture and the factors that affect the democratic political culture of 5th and 6th graders under the authority of Dusit District Office, Bangkok by using stratified sampling for probability sampling and using purposive sampling for non-probability sampling to collect data toward the distribution of questionnaires to 300 respondents. This covers all of the schools under the authority of Dusit District Office. The researcher analyzed the data by using descriptive statistics which include arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and inferential statistics which are Independent Samples T-test (T-test) and One-Way ANOVA (F-test). The researcher also collected data by interviewing the target groups, and then analyzed the data by the use of descriptive analysis. The result shows that 5th and 6th graders under the authority of Dusit District Office, Bangkok have exposed to democratic political culture at high level in overall. When considering each part, it found out that the part that has highest mean is “the constitutional democratic governmental system is suitable for Thailand” statement. The part with the lowest mean is “corruption (cheat and defraud) is normal in Thai society” statement. The factor that affects democratic political culture is grade levels, occupations of mothers, and attention in news and political movements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=democratic" title="democratic">democratic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20culture" title=" political culture"> political culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20movements" title=" political movements"> political movements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=democratic%20governmental%20system" title=" democratic governmental system"> democratic governmental system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12266/democratic-political-culture-of-the-5th-and-6th-graders-under-the-authority-of-dusit-district-office-bangkok" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12266.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">266</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=certificate%20authority%20%28CA%29&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=certificate%20authority%20%28CA%29&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=certificate%20authority%20%28CA%29&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=certificate%20authority%20%28CA%29&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=certificate%20authority%20%28CA%29&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=certificate%20authority%20%28CA%29&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=certificate%20authority%20%28CA%29&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=certificate%20authority%20%28CA%29&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=certificate%20authority%20%28CA%29&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=certificate%20authority%20%28CA%29&page=23">23</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=certificate%20authority%20%28CA%29&page=24">24</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=certificate%20authority%20%28CA%29&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>