CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91341d530b6481aa',cH: 'k4Ptnri98ZglMLq6vU2ZU1RgSHyhQKjkYmIF1Q8yFuQ-1739777871-1.2.1.1-XIo2ZBLOcSI2ECgEg5J90KjsRuds6V7QVVKQuIij94hnuTl9d6.sZoYzNjIvwxES',cUPMDTk: "\/10013810\/chicago?__cf_chl_tk=Usv9j0KDAdBkaS9yRmy.JqJO9fVIO9Mb33jLdtB9ABk-1739777871-1.0.1.1-7okO6An16DeDJVWTd7KN46iD8YlmpdSttTl9UyjJ7vk",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739777871',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10013810\/chicago?__cf_chl_f_tk=Usv9j0KDAdBkaS9yRmy.JqJO9fVIO9Mb33jLdtB9ABk-1739777871-1.0.1.1-7okO6An16DeDJVWTd7KN46iD8YlmpdSttTl9UyjJ7vk",md: "dpzooNaYj7Qmnblg1MRfih8MHGF3Px22D2JwaT1hph0-1739777871-1.2.1.1-mD6UfF0wD17N_NGoTBQLYWvN2i1xVaSH7q1l1UbXDZqcadluIkOOArPCMOImG.3H9RbZDtcPEXWrtj.4LW9xIJquhjLfZ.1XRNAT6.2AClYgnisLYVrSEKydsqyjkALNeSnPTEksdI.tLj.oB.Y1DSIeCcacA3MfpOQLqPnFLroAmbIZUiInS1MJCzlE.g7k8YA2YGN1NokxhlFjp8jztg.8ZaIiBGPhtvC0.oeD.lM_gDi0KmRD6U4WbGN5OyPNefiP1C94NDxxF3jKcGR_pRI7e7MyJCzNtHOFIuRMDF1rM3XXfTkbCttdbvnkH4pgN3YTj2pcdnxcMgK40PGJoUf0kCghfYxwz0mCAB8scPyeMmsQviiEQP0lNMe2wCAjJ2yQo9IIQxbrA0cE_yxHmwgwpcEJIp7Ix2V2y0GftxUp.h8s0TnQMZKDOPSuTZdbpg7VFQzJo4mBPIwpS1_0JiZT.u1sfJ6h7JpeAaSMHWbyAsLpBaOQoRy.nuw0orYyF1yPAfVi9Ai2LiNA093OnwrPQX0n622I5D.OJbhVAiOxjGsF18P3N1szgda6CutwYkJZucF7purg5jnAWQMErDRkmVrTf8WkfFsGEoi0rVHdUmZNbEePTCI4Co4mChrSYZly95ccRJ3qGTX6Pvrwh8CT5G_5nc95IDw9tn6R4oQLnVJRAs9uoz0gqG0wLwvF2oYmX_NbICV4_GcU4ah9JkVgNttGExSNFZD5we39zx0No5nBLyZE.4.Xu7gObuRXP3bdCV2pjkWmjs7UHbbmw7wzSOw4pkg8uJeBhalVzLiCKqyuXnq07tny9W2ZUqxXMgVdiIOEtne8AGrFWVqI2jrKub27RDpeTrU_VU_87HuM6ACM2cJzbZE_NhTDpjp9OiiiNL2UcNNSD4aExe.T1Ip9Haepq7sAnvFDtWHsEmwDR8sGGAL9J.5GVaQtUAVUa52IK28YfyV_3G.RVRqtmx0zaMSceS97XW.ThC6KXMcW3.PSa.dk66XHBa1MYfrGQcgrr0Gw.l87YEiea6tlJqGjAMBnP3JBR5KOEGcqGioEX7khvlAnDlcK.4FFIMPH1GrxNHnrUHB5S31q8M6aWuNEOKiUXm4v.cxVNNxKRoAnceS2lPGu7zfSGczfkbS_vbaGdjR1UFDLYTHBWVeECThvXaR0bKoxlIUP9_LUAqvwrgpuyHCQJA0muhri6QxBWgqYGA3oGf_d3_BXE0jP6xvF4KpsF6mt1f8O2MgyGK9LeRTpWapsu5YaUNjJYz4Bm8diMRPPtUmN7rdDveIsYw5ejp2oiq4DhHJspaFUquW3uDn3wH7RmZ2Fc0xIG6x6B7.7GnucP2J9O_1Mqbtf8StGBN.51dK9QWCqLU0o72QY_UvtOW7RxkaZJk2.uJhi8L45dJ0g0jzPDoBSZ9592z3No3BNOwAA8s0A1aYWN23.fQ6Mm.HUvO59LXc6axMrZOC6L1NVxkGgQLXjQCJuCNFi6mMSyxde5FjlY2aeQQRFORiUvGUlP7zX7C9d6dc0YXPaOrwIT2X.Ean0wT7il.CWg9oyJ6CWXw4jZNeFvCLd_Oj.u8gkOGVShmUeg_zWVadPV3834_GtqA9ynptGmF3hetKC4ZaH0oqCxxJDCS2HD._RZhLXg1DW_XaPKjGurzaEsF9Cu529eFbHDfQBcTw5.e0Fs3k5fAIQsfmn069jZo_pCpq1RK3geSkgZfwD2FU3zUWtuKwv.__ufTsuaFQTGaWS45jiDz3Dxf_dPtW._nPtRA3fACn0Ql7H6Jsin.nDEKGkBrkz8v0quGP4VFehpE4aHJdiuOMYvCqP3M2XkWnfj8Fm4rn4cNQqvf1ee4FaYxOgrlGYLGgvYQrk1PT.KcPJvkKrtzyRzZmpEAo",mdrd: "UaIO3Z2PXKDs1Esk2V53mu1etbvKc.YqR.60IqOD3uk-1739777871-1.2.1.1-BB8adbWdwEUYvsCxCM6vtlf_zWbdzmju4vxw7OpFvFT3HO1dn8wHI3BGgx6A_4D6BBAci8dfagxC9Knu2x1tCIDGjHryVR3yGExjns2O6ZJuCVKxYbpnEAZY4O538F38eYOAG.iPFk9HiAEMQ.jdqaicXm4.fmOyApHR.Da7J_MVxg3o2KdjGJZFrTWEV0Tt4ztzeXywJFfgwBN01HsNdKrnN_XfNq5FkgGHo2nYCeX_WUu2_4bkwWx.2ZT9o.ACNiKvCylOGm8DoI0eRvuHJPiaUFsqcyCUSqpDMgEpZJcph1ny7x21y87vKEuLpLUofCxxIf89qbyog2JRXK3nS3mayxIJ1NhRgg7_DSyZegiREG.HvKm7.X_9TI3auxXc5levCqN5c5S0i.P9Z_LYwQ8L_HL4u1AS34qsnli112aGMfNvSMOClrUkRA6b_ifnVh6b7mDAa947Ds2IDEL_0EQ6LxD8b__FFlAvFVsfl4xI4w0jrADDlPGCfRYWpK23T1AZft9RLlq1aDFXrPRHEYMMKt79twwEX5Q84mbVrzUV3vS3sEAuDiZMfyPZRo.mBGvmSimhPP8pqPn26LaFUb8NeNj6osQ1JGIQ6ho4NsyyNWHbkUensuT0HJYwg7ziaIDcbh.7SmXIjl1iSW8TMv9CvqcGUo5POT9g9kTSfHxBXrBAk7ZjO65BpENEaxnqwlL1bCTX4KEOCOdYJnrE59RSrMQI4z_rT3UYAcgxe0SHQNDfWHbFLB4JrKNhYSODt3qfJy7H2eIH0nKMdTsgG5SaH.MKkH34TrSwMW8bDzDB5zWZnw0LqVchC9sFUxRF7U93QNKidLQsosuto8yNu_u4PfNsOSY6MmHWo0Ai03v0dSCGrQDvVzVMUKaPGk9fY2oub93JqURQs0JVnRHXxg3cYpWOCxPThi5A3JnSFJbHt8Q_8mMn11NgrRHxxLvo66vkvHLZ8TrURTnMuFOXMzRjpt618rTbvyvcKTlF2UGIVJ9w2zy9An.Qdo6oAM875HVd.Oze4KQQreRb4a3O9d4vE3kQLrM8SMtyoTUxu2qdMuKlE7mExtIEgsVA8qzOcpBgjQpqVJsl1Zsg5vq1SSfJCtS98BrSlT8BGT4oN4PrLg2ka7fQh5iQWxF.ul_pq.hwWsvkKUftnSNZUMMD6itQcDv1ewSN4DNC2k3FpNREwaUo3xx_eQgkCKmGhzGMtMJBH51SVgVJB0SNqaXoOmQLFUl2l2FvR1Tu1bV5MLnh.B_MV5hvkqFSUaWB.R9S7eN.uqR0_pz32QTzaT4iHmpcWdA36r2CzwGmNS5t3AJpbNnV8bPm9UaDbFxvGDv.9QqEI.Ry4Uu_xTNzPzdR5NhTiRlEcX.1Fz2sRXFPNvNZhRfDqROk2Ep5E9YMhQKzIa90wISQn76MrvCq8TSMMJdqHU1B1RTDVbn_qSRY9byD9fZ3V1gl9DQY6LqQnbk6isr716MeJ63J51KEdMNzKRbntjToYPnPXYfUabDGrMTyGJKGlbN7g1LAFtgXYXPQfcv6GWeDccA73XKIDhyesrjaG9qGZL.5.SJAaZztUop5ehCudcSxGxXD4QpLU_TxsDCPbeS30z19NCASYNOgesF4G2THzDupZDBfHzSNvQfzAXMx7ZVnehvzwta5zo_3PactIWGLa0KesbfqUvB7jOxqFkCb_721k1uqjOeHDIQTO5dyEMcjoAmSRCU_pxRwn_xAIu2e5gYtFUXT8rX54D3Fm5fjJ_jOjYxcan6Azy9_NG9IrtWlOFB91OGt_IPh8NfBY97wi0PPtwjcWX.eJD7rB8wynM99ibsyPTtXbx6W9jwrZ8CFTOepd9Q08GxQaOBp1VKYifCJSfHaEF6RkGHQ4mIutzqJYdRPhgpR8iUG3VFYJjC2j67srMsaKUS2tdnIOdY8vkQREALRp0DP8dktTYznnsW_AqoF2I62qndri712Q_YMoexTfbkHL3NG"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91341d530b6481aa';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10013810\/chicago?__cf_chl_rt_tk=Usv9j0KDAdBkaS9yRmy.JqJO9fVIO9Mb33jLdtB9ABk-1739777871-1.0.1.1-7okO6An16DeDJVWTd7KN46iD8YlmpdSttTl9UyjJ7vk" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>