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page-คาบ_ตารางธาตุ rootpage-คาบ_ตารางธาตุ skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">ข้ามไปเนื้อหา</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ไซต์"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เมนูหลัก" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เมนูหลัก</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">เมนูหลัก</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> การนำทาง </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81" title="เยี่ยมชมหน้าหลัก [z]" accesskey="z"><span>หน้าหลัก</span></a></li><li id="n-ask" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1"><span>ถามคำถาม</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="ค้นหาข้อมูลเบื้องหลังในเหตุการณ์ปัจจุบัน"><span>เหตุการณ์ปัจจุบัน</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1" title="โหลดหน้าแบบสุ่ม [x]" accesskey="x"><span>สุ่มบทความ</span></a></li><li id="n-about" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A" title="ทำความรู้จักวิกิพีเดีย"><span>เกี่ยวกับวิกิพีเดีย</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD" title="วิธีการติดต่อวิกิพีเดีย"><span>ติดต่อเรา</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> มีส่วนร่วม </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D" title="ข้อแนะนำการใช้และแก้ไขวิกิพีเดีย"><span>คำอธิบาย</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99"><span>เริ่มต้นเขียน</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1" title="เกี่ยวกับโครงการ สิ่งที่คุณทำได้ และวิธีการค้นหา"><span>ศาลาประชาคม</span></a></li><li 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src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-th.svg" style="width: 6.4375em; height: 1.6875em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="สารานุกรมเสรี" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-th.svg" width="100" height="18" style="width: 6.25em; height: 1.125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="ค้นหาวิกิ [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>ค้นหา</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ค้นหาใน วิกิพีเดีย" aria-label="ค้นหาใน วิกิพีเดีย" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ค้นหาวิกิ [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="พิเศษ:ค้นหา"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">ค้นหา</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="หน้าตา"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="หน้าตา" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">หน้าตา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th" class=""><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A+%28%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%29" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ" class=""><span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A+%28%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%29" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เครื่องมือส่วนตัว</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="เมนูผู้ใช้" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th"><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A+%28%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%29" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A+%28%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%29" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> หน้าสำหรับผู้แก้ไขที่ออกจากระบบ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3" aria-label="เรียนรู้เพิ่มเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไข"><span>เรียนรู้เพิ่มเติม</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="รายการการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ส่วนร่วม</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>คุย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ไซต์"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="สารบัญ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">สารบัญ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">บทนำ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-คาบในตารางธาตุ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#คาบในตารางธาตุ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>คาบในตารางธาตุ</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-คาบในตารางธาตุ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle คาบในตารางธาตุ subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-คาบในตารางธาตุ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่_1" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่_1"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่ 1</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่_1-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่ 2</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่ 3</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่ 4</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่ 5</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่ 6</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่ 7</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="สารบัญ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">คาบ (ตารางธาตุ)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ไปที่บทความในภาษาอื่น ซึ่งมีใน 81 ภาษา" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-81" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">81 ภาษา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periode_(periodieke_tabel)" title="Periode (periodieke tabel) – แอฟริกานส์" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Periode (periodieke tabel)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="แอฟริกานส์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodo_d%27a_tabla_periodica" title="Periodo d'a tabla periodica – อารากอน" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Periodo d'a tabla periodica" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="อารากอน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4" title="आवर्त सारणी आवर्त – อังคิกา" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="आवर्त सारणी आवर्त" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="อังคิกา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_(%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A)" title="دورة (جدول دوري) – อาหรับ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دورة (جدول دوري)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="อาหรับ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodu_de_la_tabla_peri%C3%B3dica" title="Periodu de la tabla periódica – อัสตูเรียส" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Periodu de la tabla periódica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="อัสตูเรียส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B6vri_c%C9%99dv%C9%99l_d%C3%B6vr%C3%BC" title="Dövri cədvəl dövrü – อาเซอร์ไบจาน" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dövri cədvəl dövrü" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="อาเซอร์ไบจาน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_(tab%C3%A9l_p%C3%A9riodik)" title="Période (tabél périodik) – บาหลี" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Période (tabél périodik)" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="บาหลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%B4_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%8B" title="Перыяд перыядычнай сістэмы – เบลารุส" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Перыяд перыядычнай сістэмы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="เบลารุส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Период на периодичната система – บัลแกเรีย" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Период на периодичната система" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="บัลแกเรีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_(%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BF)" title="পর্যায় (পর্যায় সারণি) – บังกลา" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পর্যায় (পর্যায় সারণি)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="บังกลา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trovezh_(taolenn_drovezhiek)" title="Trovezh (taolenn drovezhiek) – เบรตัน" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Trovezh (taolenn drovezhiek)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="เบรตัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perioda_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Perioda periodnog sistema elemenata – บอสเนีย" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Perioda periodnog sistema elemenata" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="บอสเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%ADode_de_la_taula_peri%C3%B2dica" title="Període de la taula periòdica – คาตาลัน" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Període de la taula periòdica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="คาตาลัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perioda_(periodick%C3%A1_tabulka)" title="Perioda (periodická tabulka) – เช็ก" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Perioda (periodická tabulka)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="เช็ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4_(%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8)" title="Период (хими) – ชูวัช" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Период (хими)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ชูวัช" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyfnod_y_tabl_cyfnodol" title="Cyfnod y tabl cyfnodol – เวลส์" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cyfnod y tabl cyfnodol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="เวลส์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periode_(periodiske_system)" title="Periode (periodiske system) – เดนมาร์ก" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Periode (periodiske system)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="เดนมาร์ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periode_des_Periodensystems" title="Periode des Periodensystems – เยอรมัน" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Periode des Periodensystems" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="เยอรมัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%82_(%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%8D_%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1)" title="Περίοδος (περιοδικού πίνακα) – กรีก" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Περίοδος (περιοδικού πίνακα)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="กรีก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_(periodic_table)" title="Period (periodic table) – อังกฤษ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Period (periodic table)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="อังกฤษ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodo_de_la_perioda_tabelo" title="Periodo de la perioda tabelo – เอสเปรันโต" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Periodo de la perioda tabelo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="เอสเปรันโต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodo_de_la_tabla_peri%C3%B3dica" title="Periodo de la tabla periódica – สเปน" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Periodo de la tabla periódica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="สเปน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periood_(keemia)" title="Periood (keemia) – เอสโตเนีย" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Periood (keemia)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="เอสโตเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taula_periodikoko_periodo" title="Taula periodikoko periodo – บาสก์" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Taula periodikoko periodo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="บาสก์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_(%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C)" title="دوره (جدول تناوبی) – เปอร์เซีย" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دوره (جدول تناوبی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="เปอร์เซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakso_(jaksollinen_j%C3%A4rjestelm%C3%A4)" title="Jakso (jaksollinen järjestelmä) – ฟินแลนด์" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jakso (jaksollinen järjestelmä)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ฟินแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période du tableau périodique – ฝรั่งเศส" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Période du tableau périodique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ฝรั่งเศส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perioade_(Skiekunde)" title="Perioade (Skiekunde) – ฟริเซียนตะวันตก" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Perioade (Skiekunde)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="ฟริเซียนตะวันตก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_da_t%C3%A1boa_peri%C3%B3dica" title="Período da táboa periódica – กาลิเซีย" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Período da táboa periódica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="กาลิเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A8_(%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" title="מחזור (כימיה) – ฮิบรู" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מחזור (כימיה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ฮิบรู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_(%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80)" title="आवर्त (आवर्त सारणी) – ฮินดี" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आवर्त (आवर्त सारणी)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ฮินดี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perioda_periodnog_sustava" title="Perioda periodnog sustava – โครเอเชีย" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Perioda periodnog sustava" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="โครเอเชีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pery%C3%B2d_(chimi)" title="Peryòd (chimi) – เฮติครีโอล" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Peryòd (chimi)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="เฮติครีโอล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peri%C3%B3dusos_rendszerbeli_peri%C3%B3dus" title="Periódusos rendszerbeli periódus – ฮังการี" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Periódusos rendszerbeli periódus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ฮังการี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6_(%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1)" title="Պարբերություն (քիմիա) – อาร์เมเนีย" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պարբերություն (քիմիա)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="อาร์เมเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodos_del_tabella_periodic" title="Periodos del tabella periodic – อินเตอร์ลิงกัว" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Periodos del tabella periodic" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="อินเตอร์ลิงกัว" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periode_tabel_periodik" title="Periode tabel periodik – อินโดนีเซีย" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Periode tabel periodik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="อินโดนีเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lota_(lotukerfi%C3%B0)" title="Lota (lotukerfið) – ไอซ์แลนด์" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lota (lotukerfið)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ไอซ์แลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodo_della_tavola_periodica" title="Periodo della tavola periodica – อิตาลี" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Periodo della tavola periodica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="อิตาลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E3%81%AE%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F" title="元素の周期 – ญี่ปุ่น" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="元素の周期" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ญี่ปุ่น" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_tab%C3%A8l_p%C3%A9riodik" title="Période tabèl périodik – ชวา" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Période tabèl périodik" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ชวา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90)" title="პერიოდი (პერიოდული სისტემა) – จอร์เจีย" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პერიოდი (პერიოდული სისტემა)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="จอร์เจีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EA%B8%B0_(%EC%A3%BC%EA%B8%B0%EC%9C%A8%ED%91%9C)" title="주기 (주기율표) – เกาหลี" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="주기 (주기율표)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="เกาหลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodus_(systema_periodicum)" title="Periodus (systema periodicum) – ละติน" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Periodus (systema periodicum)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ละติน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_de_la_taola_peri%C3%B2dica" title="Period de la taola periòdica – ลอมบาร์ด" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Period de la taola periòdica" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="ลอมบาร์ด" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodisk%C4%81s_tabulas_periods" title="Periodiskās tabulas periods – ลัตเวีย" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Periodiskās tabulas periods" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ลัตเวีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC)" title="Периода (периоден систем) – มาซิโดเนีย" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Периода (периоден систем)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="มาซิโดเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_(%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95)" title="പീരീഡ് (ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടിക) – มาลายาลัม" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പീരീഡ് (ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടിക)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="มาลายาลัม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8D%D1%85_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D2%AF%D0%B5" title="Үелэх системийн үе – มองโกเลีย" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Үелэх системийн үе" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="มองโกเลีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kala_jadual_berkala" title="Kala jadual berkala – มาเลย์" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kala jadual berkala" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="มาเลย์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periood_(Chemie)" title="Periood (Chemie) – เยอรมันต่ำ" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Periood (Chemie)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="เยอรมันต่ำ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periode_(scheikunde)" title="Periode (scheikunde) – ดัตช์" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Periode (scheikunde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ดัตช์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodane_i_periodesystemet" title="Periodane i periodesystemet – นอร์เวย์นีนอสก์" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Periodane i periodesystemet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="นอร์เวย์นีนอสก์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodesystemets_perioder" title="Periodesystemets perioder – นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Periodesystemets perioder" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AF%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%BE%E0%AD%9F_(%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AF%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%BE%E0%AD%9F_%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%80)" title="ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ (ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ ସାରଣୀ) – โอดิยา" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ (ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ ସାରଣୀ)" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="โอดิยา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A1_(%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A9%9C%E0%A8%BE)" title="ਪੀਰੀਅਡ (ਮਿਆਦੀ ਪਹਾੜਾ) – ปัญจาบ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੀਰੀਅਡ (ਮਿਆਦੀ ਪਹਾੜਾ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="ปัญจาบ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_(qu%C3%ADmica)" title="Período (química) – โปรตุเกส" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Período (química)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="โปรตุเกส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perioad%C4%83_(tabelul_periodic_al_elementelor)" title="Perioadă (tabelul periodic al elementelor) – โรมาเนีย" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Perioadă (tabelul periodic al elementelor)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="โรมาเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4_(%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Период (химия) – รัสเซีย" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Период (химия)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="รัสเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perioda_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Perioda periodnog sistema elemenata – เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Perioda periodnog sistema elemenata" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_(periodic_table)" title="Period (periodic table) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Period (periodic table)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peri%C3%B3da_(periodick%C3%A1_tabu%C4%BEka)" title="Perióda (periodická tabuľka) – สโลวัก" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Perióda (periodická tabuľka)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="สโลวัก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perioda_periodnega_sistema" title="Perioda periodnega sistema – สโลวีเนีย" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Perioda periodnega sistema" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="สโลวีเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A1i%C4%91u_(r%C3%A1i%C4%91ul%C3%A2%C5%A1_vu%C3%A1h%C3%A1d%C3%A2h)" title="Ráiđu (ráiđulâš vuáhádâh) – ซามิอีนารี" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Ráiđu (ráiđulâš vuáhádâh)" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="ซามิอีนารี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walxaha" title="Walxaha – โซมาลี" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Walxaha" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="โซมาลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC)" title="Периода (периодни систем) – เซอร์เบีย" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Периода (периодни систем)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="เซอร์เบีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periode_tab%C3%A9l_periodik" title="Periode tabél periodik – ซุนดา" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Periode tabél periodik" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="ซุนดา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiska_systemets_perioder" title="Periodiska systemets perioder – สวีเดน" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Periodiska systemets perioder" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="สวีเดน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88_(%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88)" title="கிடை வரிசை (தனிம அட்டவணை) – ทมิฬ" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கிடை வரிசை (தனிம அட்டவணை)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="ทมิฬ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D_(%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95)" title="పీరియడ్ (ఆవర్తన పట్టిక) – เตลูกู" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పీరియడ్ (ఆవర్తన పట్టిక)" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="เตลูกู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%91)" title="Давра (кимиё) – ทาจิก" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Давра (кимиё)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="ทาจิก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periyot_(periyodik_tablo)" title="Periyot (periyodik tablo) – ตุรกี" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Periyot (periyodik tablo)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ตุรกี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Період періодичної системи – ยูเครน" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Період періодичної системи" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ยูเครน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1_(%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84)" title="دور (دوری جدول) – อูรดู" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دور (دوری جدول)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="อูรดู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chu_k%E1%BB%B3_(b%E1%BA%A3ng_tu%E1%BA%A7n_ho%C3%A0n)" title="Chu kỳ (bảng tuần hoàn) – เวียดนาม" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chu kỳ (bảng tuần hoàn)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="เวียดนาม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periode_(periodiek_syst%C3%A8me)" title="Periode (periodiek système) – เฟลมิชตะวันตก" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Periode (periodiek système)" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="เฟลมิชตะวันตก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peryodo_(taramdan_peryodika)" title="Peryodo (taramdan peryodika) – วาเรย์" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Peryodo (taramdan peryodika)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="วาเรย์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F" title="元素周期 – จีนอู๋" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="元素周期" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="จีนอู๋" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F" title="元素周期 – จีน" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="元素周期" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="จีน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go%C3%A2n-s%C3%B2%CD%98_%C3%AA_chiu-k%C3%AE" title="Goân-sò͘ ê chiu-kî – จีนมินหนาน" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Goân-sò͘ ê chiu-kî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="จีนมินหนาน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F_(%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8)" title="週期 (元素週期表) – กวางตุ้ง" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="週期 (元素週期表)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="กวางตุ้ง" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q101843#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="แก้ไขลิงก์ข้ามภาษา" class="wbc-editpage">แก้ไขลิงก์</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="เนมสเปซ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ไทย</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="ดู"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A_(%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8)"><span>อ่าน</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> การกระทำ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A_(%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8)"><span>อ่าน</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A_(%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8)&action=edit" title="แก้ไขรหัสต้นฉบับของหน้านี้ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>แก้ไข</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A_(%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8)&action=history"><span>ดูประวัติ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ทั่วไป </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A_(%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8)" title="รายการหน้าวิกิทุกหน้าที่ลิงก์มาที่นี่ [j]" accesskey="j"><span>หน้าที่ลิงก์มา</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A_(%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8)" rel="nofollow" title="รายการเปลี่ยนแปลงล่าสุดในหน้าที่ลิงก์จากหน้านี้ [k]" accesskey="k"><span>การเปลี่ยนแปลงที่เกี่ยวโยง</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94" title="อัปโหลดไฟล์ [u]" accesskey="u"><span>อัปโหลดไฟล์</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9" title="รายการหน้าพิเศษทั้งหมด [q]" accesskey="q"><span>หน้าพิเศษ</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A_(%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8)&oldid=11935962" title="ลิงก์ถาวรมารุ่นนี้ของหน้านี้"><span>ลิงก์ถาวร</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A_(%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8)&action=info" title="ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับหน้านี้"><span>สารสนเทศหน้า</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87&page=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A_%28%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%29&id=11935962&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="สารสนเทศเกี่ยวกับวิธีการอ้างอิงหน้านี้"><span>อ้างอิงบทความนี้</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fth.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25B8%2584%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%259A_%28%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%2587%25E0%25B8%2598%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B8%25B8%29"><span>รับยูอาร์แอลแบบสั้น</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fth.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25B8%2584%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%259A_%28%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%2587%25E0%25B8%2598%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B8%25B8%29"><span>ดาวน์โหลดคิวอาร์โค้ด</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> พิมพ์/ส่งออก </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A+%28%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%29"><span>สร้างหนังสือ</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A_%28%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%29&action=show-download-screen"><span>ดาวน์โหลดเป็น PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A_(%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8)&printable=yes" title="รุ่นที่พร้อมพิมพ์ของหน้านี้ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>รุ่นพร้อมพิมพ์</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ในโครงการอื่น </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chemical_elements_by_periodic_table_row" hreflang="en"><span>วิกิมีเดียคอมมอนส์</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q101843" title="ลิงก์ไปยังสิ่งนี้ในคลังซึ่งเชื่อมโยงข้อมูลต่าง ๆ เข้าด้วยกัน [g]" accesskey="g"><span>สิ่งนี้ในวิกิสนเทศ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="หน้าเครื่องมือ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="หน้าตา"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">หน้าตา</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">จากวิกิพีเดีย สารานุกรมเสรี</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="th" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10224066">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}</style><table class="box-ต้องการอ้างอิง plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">บทความนี้<b>ไม่มี<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2" title="วิกิพีเดีย:การอ้างอิงแหล่งที่มา">การอ้างอิง</a>จาก<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%89" title="วิกิพีเดีย:การพิสูจน์ยืนยันได้">แหล่งที่มาใด</a></b><span class="hide-when-compact"> กรุณาช่วย<a class="external text" href="https://th.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A_(%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8)&action=edit">ปรับปรุงบทความนี้</a> โดยเพิ่มการอ้างอิงแหล่งที่มาที่น่าเชื่อถือ เนื้อความที่ไม่มีแหล่งที่มาอาจถูกคัดค้านหรือลบออก</span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81" title="วิธีใช้:การนำแม่แบบบำรุงรักษาออก">เรียนรู้ว่าจะนำสารแม่แบบนี้ออกได้อย่างไรและเมื่อไร</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Madelung_rule.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Madelung_rule.svg/350px-Madelung_rule.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="395" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Madelung_rule.svg/525px-Madelung_rule.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Madelung_rule.svg/700px-Madelung_rule.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="283" data-file-height="319" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>ใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8" title="ตารางธาตุ">ตารางธาตุ</a>นั้น <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="ธาตุเคมี">ธาตุ</a>ต่างๆ จะถูกจัดเรียงให้อยู่ในรูปแบบเชิงตารางอันประกอบด้วยแถวและคอลัมน์ เราเรียกแถวหนึ่งๆ ในตารางธาตุเรียกว่า<b>คาบ</b> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9" title="ภาษาอังกฤษ">อังกฤษ</a>: <span lang="en">period</span>) และเรียกคอลัมน์หนึ่งๆ ในตารางธาตุว่าหมู่ (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9" title="ภาษาอังกฤษ">อังกฤษ</a>: <span lang="en">group</span>) การจัดเรียงธาตุในเชิงตารางนี้ทำให้ธาตุที่มีคุณสมบัติทางเคมีใกล้เคียงกันถูกจัดไว้ในหมู่เดียวกัน ธาตุที่อยู่ในคาบเดียวกันจะมีจำนวนชั้นของอิเล็กตรอน (electron shell) เท่ากัน โดยจำนวนของอิเล็กตรอนและโปรตอนของธาตุในคาบเดียวกันนี้จะเพิ่มขึ้นทีละหนึ่ง พร้อมทั้งความเป็น<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B0" title="โลหะ">โลหะ</a>ที่ลดลงจากธาตุหมู่ทางด้านซ้ายมือไปยังขวามือของตารางธาตุ ในขณะที่อิเล็กตรอนจะถูกจัดเรียงในชั้นใหม่เมื่อชั้นเดิมถูกจัดเรียงจนเต็ม หรือก็คือเริ่มคาบใหม่ในตารางธาตุ การจัดเรียงเช่นนี้ทำให้เกิดการวนซ้ำของธาตุที่มีคุณสมบัติทางเคมีที่ใกล้เคียงกันเมื่อเพิ่ม<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1" title="เลขอะตอม">เลขอะตอม</a> ยกตัวอย่างเช่น <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A5" title="โลหะแอลคาไล">โลหะแอลคาไล</a> ถูกจัดเรียงอยู่ในหมู่ 1 และมีคุณสมบัติทางเคมีที่คล้ายกัน เช่น ความไวต่อปฏิกิริยาเคมี หรือ มีแนวโน้มในการสูญเสียอิเล็กตรอน 1 ตัวเมื่อทำปฏิกิริยากับธาตุอื่นเพื่อที่จะจัดเรียงอิเล็กตรอนให้มีลักษณะเหมือนการจัดเรียงอิเล็กตรอนของแก๊สเฉื่อย ปัจจุบันตารางธาตุจัดเรียงธาตุไว้ทั้งสิ้น 118 ธาตุ </p><p>กลศาสตร์ควอนตัมสมัยใหม่อธิบายการวนซ้ำของคุณสมบัติเคมีของธาตุเหล่านี้โดยใช้ชั้นของอิเล็กตรอน อิเล็กตรอนจะถูกเติมในชั้นอิเล็กตรอนตามลำดับที่แสดงในแผนภาพด้านขวาตามเลขอะตอมที่เพิ่มขึ้น การเพิ่มอิเล็กตรอนภายในชั้นเทียบได้กับคาบในตารางธาตุ </p><p>ใน s-block และ p-block ของตารางธาตุ ธาตุในคาบเดียวกันไม่แสดงแนวโน้มหรือความคล้ายคลึงในคุณสมบัติเคมี (แนวโน้มของธาตุภายในหมู่เดียวกันชัดเจนกว่า) อย่างไรก็ดี ใน d-block แนวโน้มคุณสมบัติของธาตุภายในคาบเดียวกันเพิ่มความเด่นชัดมากขึ้น และยิ่งเห็นชัดเจนในกลุ่มธาตุใน f-block (โดยเฉพาะกลุ่มของแลนทาไนด์) </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="คาบในตารางธาตุ"><span id=".E0.B8.84.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.9A.E0.B9.83.E0.B8.99.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.98.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.B8"></span>คาบในตารางธาตุ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A_(%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8)&action=edit&section=1" title="แก้ไขส่วน: คาบในตารางธาตุ"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ธาตุจะไม่เสถียรเมื่อมีมวลสูงมากๆ ทำให้ธาตุที่มีเลขอะตอมสูงจะมีโอกาสพบในธรรมชาติได้น้อย ธาตุใน 7 คาบแรกของตารางธาตุสามารถพบได้ในธรรมชาติ อย่างไรก็ดีมีแนวโน้มที่นักเคมีจะสามารถสังเคราะห์ธาตุที่มีเลขอะตอมสูงเกินคาบที่ 7 ธาตุสังเคราะห์เหล่านี้จะถูกจัดเรียงในคาบที่ 8 ในตารางธาตุขยายหากมีการสังเคราะห์ได้จริง </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่_1"><span id=".E0.B8.AA.E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.9A.E0.B8.B1.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.97.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.84.E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.B5.E0.B8.82.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.98.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.B8.E0.B8.84.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.9A.E0.B8.97.E0.B8.B5.E0.B9.88_1"></span>สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่ 1</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A_(%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8)&action=edit&section=2" title="แก้ไขส่วน: สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่ 1"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="หมู่ในตารางธาตุ">หมู่</a></small> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A5" title="โลหะแอลคาไล">1</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99" title="แฮโลเจน">17</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%8A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5" title="แก๊สมีสกุล">18</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><small>#<br />ธาตุ</small> </th> <td bgcolor="#a0ffa0"><font color="green">1</font><br /><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99" title="ไฮโดรเจน">H</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#c0ffff"><font color="green">2</font><br /><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="ฮีเลียม">He</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>ธาตุในคาบแรกมีธาตุน้อยกว่าธาตุในคาบอื่นๆ เนื่องด้วยมีไฮโดรเจนและฮีเลียมเท่านั้นที่อยู่ในคาบแรก ก่อนหน้านี้พวกมันไม่ได้อยู่ใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8E%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%95" title="กฎออกเตต">กฎออกเตต</a> ในทางเคมี ฮีเลียมเป็น<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%8A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5" title="แก๊สมีสกุล">แก๊สมีสกุล</a> ดังนั้นมันจึงถูกจัดให้อยู่ใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%8A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5" title="แก๊สมีสกุล">หมู่ที่ 18</a> ถึงอย่างนั้น ในส่วนของโครงสร้างนิวเคลียร์ของมัน จะจัดมันให้อยู่ในบล็อก-s และบางครั้งที่ฮีเลียมจะถูกจัดอยู่ใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97" title="โลหะแอลคาไลน์เอิร์ท">ธาตุหมู่ 2</a> ส่วนไฮโดรเจนสามารถเสียและได้รับอิเล็กตรอนเท่าๆกัน มันจึงสามารถอยู่ใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A5" title="โลหะแอลคาไล">หมู่ที่ 1</a> หรือ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99" title="แฮโลเจน">หมู่ที่ 17</a> ก็ได้ </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10224066"><table class="box-โครงส่วน plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>ส่วนนี้รอเพิ่มเติมข้อมูล</b> <small>คุณสามารถช่วย<a class="external text" href="https://th.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A_(%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8)&action=edit&section=">เพิ่มข้อมูลส่วนนี้</a>ได้</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่_2"><span id=".E0.B8.AA.E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.9A.E0.B8.B1.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.97.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.84.E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.B5.E0.B8.82.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.98.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.B8.E0.B8.84.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.9A.E0.B8.97.E0.B8.B5.E0.B9.88_2"></span>สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่ 2</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A_(%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8)&action=edit&section=3" title="แก้ไขส่วน: สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่ 2"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="หมู่ในตารางธาตุ">หมู่</a></small> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A5" title="โลหะแอลคาไล">1</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97" title="โลหะแอลคาไลน์เอิร์ท">2</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="หมู่โบรอน">13</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="หมู่คาร์บอน">14</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="พีนิคโตเจน">15</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="แชลโคเจน">16</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99" title="แฮโลเจน">17</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%8A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2" title="แก๊สเฉื่อย">18</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><small>#<br />ธาตุ</small> </th> <td bgcolor="#FF6666">3<br /><a href="/wiki/Lithium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithium">Li</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#FFDEAD">4<br /><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" class="mw-redirect" title="Beryllium">Be</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#cccc99">5<br /><a href="/wiki/Boron" class="mw-redirect" title="Boron">B</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#a0ffa0">6<br /><a href="/wiki/Carbon" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon">C</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#a0ffa0"><font color="green">7</font><br /><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitrogen">N</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#a0ffa0"><font color="green">8</font><br /><a href="/wiki/Oxygen" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxygen">O</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffff99"><font color="green">9</font><br /><a href="/wiki/Fluorine" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluorine">F</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#c0ffff"><font color="green">10</font><br /><a href="/wiki/Neon" class="mw-redirect" title="Neon">Ne</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10224066"><table class="box-โครงส่วน plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>ส่วนนี้รอเพิ่มเติมข้อมูล</b> <small>คุณสามารถช่วย<a class="external text" href="https://th.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A_(%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8)&action=edit&section=">เพิ่มข้อมูลส่วนนี้</a>ได้</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่_3"><span id=".E0.B8.AA.E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.9A.E0.B8.B1.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.97.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.84.E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.B5.E0.B8.82.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.98.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.B8.E0.B8.84.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.9A.E0.B8.97.E0.B8.B5.E0.B9.88_3"></span>สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่ 3</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A_(%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8)&action=edit&section=4" title="แก้ไขส่วน: สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่ 3"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="หมู่ในตารางธาตุ">หมู่</a></small> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A5" title="โลหะแอลคาไล">1</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97" title="โลหะแอลคาไลน์เอิร์ท">2</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="หมู่โบรอน">13</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="หมู่คาร์บอน">14</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="พีนิคโตเจน">15</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="แชลโคเจน">16</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99" title="แฮโลเจน">17</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%8A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2" title="แก๊สเฉื่อย">18</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><small>#<br />ธาตุ</small> </th> <td bgcolor="#FF6666">11<br /><a href="/wiki/Sodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Sodium">Na</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#FFDEAD">12<br /><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnesium">Mg</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">13<br /><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluminium">Al</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#cccc99">14<br /><a href="/wiki/Silicon" class="mw-redirect" title="Silicon">Si</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#a0ffa0">15<br /><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" class="mw-redirect" title="Phosphorus">P</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#a0ffa0">16<br /><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulfur">S</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffff99"><font color="green">17</font><br /><a href="/wiki/Chlorine" class="mw-redirect" title="Chlorine">Cl</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#c0ffff"><font color="green">18</font><br /><a href="/wiki/Argon" class="mw-redirect" title="Argon">Ar</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10224066"><table class="box-โครงส่วน plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>ส่วนนี้รอเพิ่มเติมข้อมูล</b> <small>คุณสามารถช่วย<a class="external text" href="https://th.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A_(%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8)&action=edit&section=">เพิ่มข้อมูลส่วนนี้</a>ได้</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่_4"><span id=".E0.B8.AA.E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.9A.E0.B8.B1.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.97.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.84.E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.B5.E0.B8.82.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.98.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.B8.E0.B8.84.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.9A.E0.B8.97.E0.B8.B5.E0.B9.88_4"></span>สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่ 4</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A_(%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8)&action=edit&section=5" title="แก้ไขส่วน: สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่ 4"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="หมู่ในตารางธาตุ">หมู่</a></small> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A5" title="โลหะแอลคาไล">1</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97" title="โลหะแอลคาไลน์เอิร์ท">2</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_3" title="ธาตุหมู่ 3">3</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_4" title="ธาตุหมู่ 4">4</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_5" title="ธาตุหมู่ 5">5</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_6" title="ธาตุหมู่ 6">6</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_7" title="ธาตุหมู่ 7">7</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_8" title="ธาตุหมู่ 8">8</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_9" title="ธาตุหมู่ 9">9</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_10" title="ธาตุหมู่ 10">10</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_11" title="ธาตุหมู่ 11">11</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_12" title="ธาตุหมู่ 12">12</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="หมู่โบรอน">13</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="หมู่คาร์บอน">14</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="พีนิคโตเจน">15</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="แชลโคเจน">16</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99" title="แฮโลเจน">17</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%8A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2" title="แก๊สเฉื่อย">18</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><small>#<br />ธาตุ</small> </th> <td bgcolor="#FF6666">19<br /><a href="/wiki/Potassium" class="mw-redirect" title="Potassium">K</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#FFDEAD">20<br /><a href="/wiki/Calcium" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcium">Ca</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">21<br /><a href="/wiki/Scandium" class="mw-redirect" title="Scandium">Sc</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">22<br /><a href="/wiki/Titanium" class="mw-redirect" title="Titanium">Ti</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">23<br /><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanadium">V</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">24<br /><a href="/wiki/Chromium" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromium">Cr</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">25<br /><a href="/wiki/Manganese" class="mw-redirect" title="Manganese">Mn</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">26<br /><a href="/wiki/Iron" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron">Fe</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">27<br /><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cobalt">Co</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">28<br /><a href="/wiki/Nickel" class="mw-redirect" title="Nickel">Ni</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">29<br /><a href="/wiki/Copper" class="mw-redirect" title="Copper">Cu</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">30<br /><a href="/wiki/Zinc" class="mw-redirect" title="Zinc">Zn</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">31<br /><a href="/wiki/Gallium" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallium">Ga</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#cccc99">32<br /><a href="/wiki/Germanium" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanium">Ge</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#cccc99">33<br /><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsenic">As</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#a0ffa0">34<br /><a href="/wiki/Selenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Selenium">Se</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffff99"><font color="blue">35</font><br /><a href="/wiki/Bromine" class="mw-redirect" title="Bromine">Br</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#c0ffff"><font color="green">36</font><br /><a href="/wiki/Krypton" class="mw-redirect" title="Krypton">Kr</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10224066"><table class="box-โครงส่วน plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>ส่วนนี้รอเพิ่มเติมข้อมูล</b> <small>คุณสามารถช่วย<a class="external text" href="https://th.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A_(%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8)&action=edit&section=">เพิ่มข้อมูลส่วนนี้</a>ได้</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่_5"><span id=".E0.B8.AA.E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.9A.E0.B8.B1.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.97.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.84.E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.B5.E0.B8.82.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.98.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.B8.E0.B8.84.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.9A.E0.B8.97.E0.B8.B5.E0.B9.88_5"></span>สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่ 5</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A_(%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8)&action=edit&section=6" title="แก้ไขส่วน: สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่ 5"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="หมู่ในตารางธาตุ">หมู่</a></small> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A5" title="โลหะแอลคาไล">1</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97" title="โลหะแอลคาไลน์เอิร์ท">2</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_3" title="ธาตุหมู่ 3">3</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_4" title="ธาตุหมู่ 4">4</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_5" title="ธาตุหมู่ 5">5</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_6" title="ธาตุหมู่ 6">6</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_7" title="ธาตุหมู่ 7">7</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_8" title="ธาตุหมู่ 8">8</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_9" title="ธาตุหมู่ 9">9</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_10" title="ธาตุหมู่ 10">10</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_11" title="ธาตุหมู่ 11">11</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_12" title="ธาตุหมู่ 12">12</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="หมู่โบรอน">13</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="หมู่คาร์บอน">14</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="พีนิคโตเจน">15</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="แชลโคเจน">16</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99" title="แฮโลเจน">17</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%8A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2" title="แก๊สเฉื่อย">18</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><small>#<br />ธาตุ</small> </th> <td bgcolor="#FF6666">37<br /><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubidium">Rb</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#FFDEAD">38<br /><a href="/wiki/Strontium" class="mw-redirect" title="Strontium">Sr</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">39<br /><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" class="mw-redirect" title="Yttrium">Y</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">40<br /><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" class="mw-redirect" title="Zirconium">Zr</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">41<br /><a href="/wiki/Niobium" class="mw-redirect" title="Niobium">Nb</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">42<br /><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" class="mw-redirect" title="Molybdenum">Mo</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">43<br /><a href="/wiki/Technetium" class="mw-redirect" title="Technetium">Tc</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">44<br /><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruthenium">Ru</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">45<br /><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodium">Rh</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">46<br /><a href="/wiki/Palladium" class="mw-redirect" title="Palladium">Pd</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">47<br /><a href="/wiki/Silver" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver">Ag</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">48<br /><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadmium">Cd</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">49<br /><a href="/wiki/Indium" class="mw-redirect" title="Indium">In</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">50<br /><a href="/wiki/Tin" class="mw-redirect" title="Tin">Sn</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#cccc99">51<br /><a href="/wiki/Antimony" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimony">Sb</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#cccc99">52<br /><a href="/wiki/Tellurium" class="mw-redirect" title="Tellurium">Te</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffff99">53<br /><a href="/wiki/Iodine" class="mw-redirect" title="Iodine">I</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#c0ffff"><font color="green">54</font><br /><a href="/wiki/Xenon" class="mw-redirect" title="Xenon">Xe</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10224066"><table class="box-โครงส่วน plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>ส่วนนี้รอเพิ่มเติมข้อมูล</b> <small>คุณสามารถช่วย<a class="external text" href="https://th.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A_(%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8)&action=edit&section=">เพิ่มข้อมูลส่วนนี้</a>ได้</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่_6"><span id=".E0.B8.AA.E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.9A.E0.B8.B1.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.97.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.84.E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.B5.E0.B8.82.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.98.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.B8.E0.B8.84.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.9A.E0.B8.97.E0.B8.B5.E0.B9.88_6"></span>สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่ 6</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A_(%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8)&action=edit&section=7" title="แก้ไขส่วน: สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่ 6"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="หมู่ในตารางธาตุ">หมู่</a></small> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A5" title="โลหะแอลคาไล">1</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97" title="โลหะแอลคาไลน์เอิร์ท">2</a> </th> <th colspan="15" align="center"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_3" title="ธาตุหมู่ 3">3</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="แลนทาไนด์">แลนทาไนด์</a>) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_4" title="ธาตุหมู่ 4">4</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_5" title="ธาตุหมู่ 5">5</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_6" title="ธาตุหมู่ 6">6</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_7" title="ธาตุหมู่ 7">7</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_8" title="ธาตุหมู่ 8">8</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_9" title="ธาตุหมู่ 9">9</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_10" title="ธาตุหมู่ 10">10</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_11" title="ธาตุหมู่ 11">11</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_12" title="ธาตุหมู่ 12">12</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="หมู่โบรอน">13</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="หมู่คาร์บอน">14</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="พีนิคโตเจน">15</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="แชลโคเจน">16</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99" title="แฮโลเจน">17</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%8A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2" title="แก๊สเฉื่อย">18</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><small>#<br />ธาตุ</small> </th> <td bgcolor="#FF6666">55<br /><a href="/wiki/Caesium" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesium">Cs</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#FFDEAD">56<br /><a href="/wiki/Barium" class="mw-redirect" title="Barium">Ba</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">57<br /><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanthanum">La</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">58<br /><a href="/wiki/Cerium" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerium">Ce</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">59<br /><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium" class="mw-redirect" title="Praseodymium">Pr</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">60<br /><a href="/wiki/Neodymium" class="mw-redirect" title="Neodymium">Nd</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">61<br /><a href="/wiki/Promethium" class="mw-redirect" title="Promethium">Pm</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">62<br /><a href="/wiki/Samarium" class="mw-redirect" title="Samarium">Sm</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">63<br /><a href="/wiki/Europium" class="mw-redirect" title="Europium">Eu</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">64<br /><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Gadolinium">Gd</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">65<br /><a href="/wiki/Terbium" class="mw-redirect" title="Terbium">Tb</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">66<br /><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" class="mw-redirect" title="Dysprosium">Dy</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">67<br /><a href="/wiki/Holmium" class="mw-redirect" title="Holmium">Ho</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">68<br /><a href="/wiki/Erbium" class="mw-redirect" title="Erbium">Er</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">69<br /><a href="/wiki/Thulium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thulium">Tm</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">70<br /><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ytterbium">Yb</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">71<br /><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutetium">Lu</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">72<br /><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" class="mw-redirect" title="Hafnium">Hf</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">73<br /><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tantalum">Ta</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">74<br /><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" class="mw-redirect" title="Tungsten">W</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">75<br /><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhenium">Re</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">76<br /><a href="/wiki/Osmium" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmium">Os</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">77<br /><a href="/wiki/Iridium" class="mw-redirect" title="Iridium">Ir</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">78<br /><a href="/wiki/Platinum" class="mw-redirect" title="Platinum">Pt</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">79<br /><a href="/wiki/Gold" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold">Au</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">80<br /><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercury (element)">Hg</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">81<br /><a href="/wiki/Thallium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thallium">Tl</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">82<br /><a href="/wiki/Lead" class="mw-redirect" title="Lead">Pb</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">83<br /><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" class="mw-redirect" title="Bismuth">Bi</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#cccc99">84<br /><a href="/wiki/Polonium" class="mw-redirect" title="Polonium">Po</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffff99">85<br /><a href="/wiki/Astatine" class="mw-redirect" title="Astatine">At</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#c0ffff"><font color="green">86</font><br /><a href="/wiki/Radon" class="mw-redirect" title="Radon">Rn</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10224066"><table class="box-โครงส่วน plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>ส่วนนี้รอเพิ่มเติมข้อมูล</b> <small>คุณสามารถช่วย<a class="external text" href="https://th.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A_(%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8)&action=edit&section=">เพิ่มข้อมูลส่วนนี้</a>ได้</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่_7"><span id=".E0.B8.AA.E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.9A.E0.B8.B1.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.97.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.84.E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.B5.E0.B8.82.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.98.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.B8.E0.B8.84.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.9A.E0.B8.97.E0.B8.B5.E0.B9.88_7"></span>สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่ 7</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A_(%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8)&action=edit&section=8" title="แก้ไขส่วน: สมบัติทางเคมีของธาตุคาบที่ 7"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="หมู่ในตารางธาตุ">หมู่</a></small> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A5" title="โลหะแอลคาไล">1</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97" title="โลหะแอลคาไลน์เอิร์ท">2</a> </th> <th colspan="15" align="center"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_3" title="ธาตุหมู่ 3">3</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="แอกทิไนด์">แอกทิไนด์</a>) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_4" title="ธาตุหมู่ 4">4</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_5" title="ธาตุหมู่ 5">5</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_6" title="ธาตุหมู่ 6">6</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_7" title="ธาตุหมู่ 7">7</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_8" title="ธาตุหมู่ 8">8</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_9" title="ธาตุหมู่ 9">9</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_10" title="ธาตุหมู่ 10">10</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_11" title="ธาตุหมู่ 11">11</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_12" title="ธาตุหมู่ 12">12</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="หมู่โบรอน">13</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="หมู่คาร์บอน">14</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="พีนิคโตเจน">15</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="แชลโคเจน">16</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99" title="แฮโลเจน">17</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%8A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2" title="แก๊สเฉื่อย">18</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><small>#<br />ธาตุ</small> </th> <td bgcolor="#FF6666">87<br /> <a href="/wiki/Francium" class="mw-redirect" title="Francium">Fr</a>  </td> <td bgcolor="#FFDEAD">88<br /><a href="/wiki/Radium" class="mw-redirect" title="Radium">Ra</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc">89<br /><a href="/wiki/Actinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Actinium">Ac</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc">90<br /><a href="/wiki/Thorium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thorium">Th</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc">91<br /><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Protactinium">Pa</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc">92<br /><a href="/wiki/Uranium" class="mw-redirect" title="Uranium">U</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc">93<br /><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" class="mw-redirect" title="Neptunium">Np</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc">94<br /><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" class="mw-redirect" title="Plutonium">Pu</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc">95<br /><a href="/wiki/Americium" class="mw-redirect" title="Americium">Am</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc">96<br /><a href="/wiki/Curium" class="mw-redirect" title="Curium">Cm</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc">97<br /><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" class="mw-redirect" title="Berkelium">Bk</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc">98<br /><a href="/wiki/Californium" class="mw-redirect" title="Californium">Cf</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc">99<br /><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Einsteinium">Es</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc">100<br /><a href="/wiki/Fermium" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermium">Fm</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc">101<br /><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendelevium">Md</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc">102<br /><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobelium">No</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc">103<br /><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrencium">Lr</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><font color="gray">104</font><br /><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutherfordium">Rf</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><font color="gray">105</font><br /><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" class="mw-redirect" title="Dubnium">Db</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><font color="gray">106</font><br /><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><font color="gray">107</font><br /><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" class="mw-redirect" title="Bohrium">Bh</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><font color="gray">108</font><br /><a href="/wiki/Hassium" class="mw-redirect" title="Hassium">Hs</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#e8e8e8"><font color="gray">109</font><br /><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" class="mw-redirect" title="Meitnerium">Mt</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#e8e8e8"><font color="gray">110</font><br /><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" class="mw-redirect" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#e8e8e8"><font color="gray">111</font><br /><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Roentgenium">Rg</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><font color="gray">112</font><br /><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" class="mw-redirect" title="Copernicium">Cn</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#e8e8e8"><font color="gray">113</font><br /><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="นิโฮเนียม">Nh</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#e8e8e8"><font color="gray">114</font><br /><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" class="mw-redirect" title="Flerovium">Fl</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#e8e8e8"><font color="gray">115</font><br /><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="มอสโกเวียม">Mc</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#e8e8e8"><font color="gray">116</font><br /><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" class="mw-redirect" title="Livermorium">Lv</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#e8e8e8"><font color="gray">117</font><br /><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="เทนเนสซีน">Ts</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#e8e8e8"><font color="gray">118</font><br /><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="ออกาเนสซอน">Og</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10224066"><table class="box-โครงส่วน plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>ส่วนนี้รอเพิ่มเติมข้อมูล</b> <small>คุณสามารถช่วย<a class="external text" href="https://th.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A_(%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8)&action=edit&section=">เพิ่มข้อมูลส่วนนี้</a>ได้</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10552737">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt 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ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10791470">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="ตารางธาตุ" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10552737"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10552732">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-ดู"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Navbox_periodic_table" title="แม่แบบ:Navbox periodic table"><abbr title="ดูแม่แบบนี้" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">ด</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-คุย"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Navbox_periodic_table&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="คุยเรื่องแม่แบบ:Navbox periodic table (ไม่มีหน้านี้)"><abbr title="อภิปรายแม่แบบนี้" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">ค</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-แก้"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:EditPage/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Navbox_periodic_table" title="พิเศษ:EditPage/แม่แบบ:Navbox periodic table"><abbr title="แก้ไขแม่แบบนี้" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">ก</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="ตารางธาตุ" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8" title="ตารางธาตุ">ตารางธาตุ</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">รูปแบบ<br />ตารางธาตุ</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">มาตรฐาน</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8#การแบ่งตารางธาตุ" title="ตารางธาตุ">18 หมู่</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8#การแบ่งตารางธาตุ" title="ตารางธาตุ">32 หมู่</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8_(%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99)" title="ตารางธาตุ (มาตรฐาน)">มาตรฐาน</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="แม่แบบ:ตารางธาตุย่อ">ย่อ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%8D%E0%B9%88" title="ตารางธาตุพร้อมชื่อและน้ำหนักอะตอมใหญ่">ชื่อ-น้ำหนักอะตอมใหญ่</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81" title="ตารางธาตุพร้อมชื่อและน้ำหนักอะตอมเล็ก">ชื่อ-น้ำหนักอะตอมเล็ก</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">แบบกว้าง</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87" title="ตารางธาตุแนวดิ่ง">แนวดิ่ง</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">แบบขยาย</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8_(%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2)" title="ตารางธาตุ (ขยาย)">ขยายเกินคาบที่ 7</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extended_periodic_table&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extended periodic table (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Pyykkö model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8(%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2)%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="แม่แบบ:ตารางธาตุ(ขยาย)ย่อ">ย่อ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2_(%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%8D%E0%B9%88)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ตารางธาตุขยาย (ใหญ่) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">แบบขยาย, ใหญ่</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2(%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%8D%E0%B9%88)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ตารางธาตุขยาย(ใหญ่) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Pyykkö model</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ตามสมบัติธาตุ</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8_(%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99)" title="ตารางธาตุ (การจัดเรียงอิเล็กตรอน)">การจัดเรียงอิเล็กตรอน</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8_(%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B0_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B0)" title="ตารางธาตุ (โลหะ และ อโลหะ)">โลหะ-อโลหะ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8_(%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81)" class="mw-redirect" title="ตารางธาตุ (บล็อก)">บล็อก</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">กลุ่มธาตุเคมี<br />ที่มีชื่อเฉพาะ</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ตามส่วนประกอบ<br />ของตารางธาตุ</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="หมู่ในตารางธาตุ">หมู่</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A5" title="โลหะแอลคาไล">1 (โลหะแอลคาไล)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%98" class="mw-redirect" title="โลหะแอลคาไลน์เอิร์ธ">2 (โลหะแอลคาไลน์เอิร์ธ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_3" title="ธาตุหมู่ 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_4" title="ธาตุหมู่ 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_5" title="ธาตุหมู่ 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_6" title="ธาตุหมู่ 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_7" title="ธาตุหมู่ 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_8" title="ธาตุหมู่ 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_9" title="ธาตุหมู่ 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_10" title="ธาตุหมู่ 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_11" title="ธาตุหมู่ 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_12" title="ธาตุหมู่ 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="หมู่โบรอน">13 (หมู่โบรอน)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="หมู่คาร์บอน">14 (หมู่คาร์บอน)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="นิคโตเจน">15 (นิคโตเจน)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99" title="แคลโคเจน">16 (แคลโคเจน)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99" title="แฮโลเจน">17 (แฮโลเจน)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%8A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5" title="แก๊สมีสกุล">18 (แก๊สมีสกุล)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="คาบในตารางธาตุ">คาบ</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A_1" title="ธาตุคาบ 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A_2" title="ธาตุคาบ 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A_3" title="ธาตุคาบ 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A_4" title="ธาตุคาบ 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A_5" title="ธาตุคาบ 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A_6" title="ธาตุคาบ 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A_7" title="ธาตุคาบ 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A_8" title="ธาตุคาบ 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A_9" title="ธาตุคาบ 9">9</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8" title="บล็อกในตารางธาตุ">บล็อก</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81-s" title="บล็อก-s">บล็อก-s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81-p" title="บล็อก-p">บล็อก-p</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81-d" title="บล็อก-d">บล็อก-d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81-f" title="บล็อก-f">บล็อก-f</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81-g" title="บล็อก-g">บล็อก-g</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aufbau_principle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aufbau principle (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Aufbau principle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ตามสมบัติ<br />โลหะ-อโลหะ</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B0" title="โลหะ">โลหะ</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A5" title="โลหะแอลคาไล">โลหะแอลคาไล</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97" title="โลหะแอลคาไลน์เอิร์ท">โลหะแอลคาไลน์เอิร์ท</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="แลนทาไนด์">แลนทาไนด์</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="แอกทิไนด์">แอกทิไนด์</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="ซูเปอร์แอกทิไนด์">ซูเปอร์แอกทิไนด์</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eka-superactinide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eka-superactinide (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Eka-superactinides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="โลหะทรานซิชัน">โลหะทรานซิชัน</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="โลหะหลังทรานซิชัน">โลหะหลังทรานซิชัน</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B6%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="กึ่งโลหะ">กึ่งโลหะ</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_metalloid_lists&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of metalloid lists (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Lists of metalloids by source</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="เส้นแบ่งระหว่างโลหะกับอโลหะ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เส้นแบ่ง</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B0" title="อโลหะ">อโลหะ</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyatomic_nonmetal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polyatomic nonmetal (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Polyatomic nonmetals</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diatomic_nonmetal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diatomic nonmetal (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Diatomic nonmetals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%8A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5" title="แก๊สมีสกุล">แก๊สมีสกุล</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">อื่น ๆ</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Periodic_table_(nutritional_elements)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:Periodic table (nutritional elements) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Dietary elements</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Periodic_table_(nutritional_elements)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:Periodic table (nutritional elements) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Nutritional elements</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="โลหะกลุ่มแพลทินัม (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">โลหะกลุ่มแพลทินัม</a> (PGM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81" title="ธาตุหายาก">ธาตุหายาก</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refractory_metals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refractory metals (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Refractory metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2" title="โลหะมีค่า">โลหะมีค่า</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coinage_metals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coinage metals (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Coinage metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5" title="โลหะมีสกุล">โลหะมีสกุล</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81" class="mw-redirect" title="โลหะหนัก">โลหะหนัก</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Native_metal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Native metal (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Native metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="ธาตุหลังยูเรเนียม">ธาตุหลังยูเรเนียม</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ธาตุหลังแอกทิไนด์ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ธาตุหลังแอกทิไนด์</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Major_actinide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Major actinide (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Major actinides</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minor_actinide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minor actinide (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Minor actinides</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="ธาตุเคมี">ธาตุเคมี</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="รายชื่อธาตุเคมี">รายชื่อ</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>ตาม<a 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