CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: roof tiles</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: roof tiles"> <meta name="keywords" content="roof tiles"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="roof tiles" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="roof tiles"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 298</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: roof tiles</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">298</span> Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Roofing System for Abu Dhabi</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iyasu%20Eibedingil">Iyasu Eibedingil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The construction industry is one of the major factors responsible for causing a negative impact on the environment. It has the largest share in the use of natural resources including land use, material extraction, and greenhouse gases emissions. For this reason, it is imperative to reduce its environmental impact through the construction of sustainable buildings with less impact. These days, it is possible to measure the environmental impact by using different tools such as the life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. Given this premise, this study explored the environmental impact of two types of roofing systems through comparative life cycle assessment approach. The tiles were analyzed to select the most environmentally friendly roofing system for the villa at Khalifa City A, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. These products are available in various forms; however, in this study concrete roof tiles and clay roof tiles were considered. The results showed that concrete roof tiles have lower environmental impact. In all scenarios considered, manufacturing the roof tiles locally, using recovered fuels for firing clay tiles, and using renewable energy (electricity from PV plant) showed that the concrete roof tiles were found to be excellent in terms of its embodied carbon, embodied the energy and various other environmental performance indicators. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay%20roof%20tile" title="clay roof tile">clay roof tile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete%20roof%20tile" title=" concrete roof tile"> concrete roof tile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20assessment" title=" life cycle assessment"> life cycle assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensitivity%20analysis" title=" sensitivity analysis"> sensitivity analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47746/comparative-life-cycle-assessment-of-roofing-system-for-abu-dhabi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47746.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">392</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">297</span> Rubber Crumbs in Alkali Activated Clay Roof Tiles at Low Temperature</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aswin%20Kumar%20Krishnan">Aswin Kumar Krishnan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yat%20Choy%20Wong"> Yat Choy Wong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reiza%20Mukhlis"> Reiza Mukhlis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zipeng%20Zhang"> Zipeng Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arul%20Arulrajah"> Arul Arulrajah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The continuous increase in vehicle uptake escalates the number of rubber tyre waste which need to be managed to avoid landfilling and stockpiling. The present research focused on the sustainable use of rubber crumbs in clay roof tiles. The properties of roof tiles composed of clay, rubber crumbs, NaOH, and Na₂SiO₃ with a 10% alkaline activator were studied. Tile samples were fabricated by heating the compacted mixtures at 50°C for 72 hours, followed by a higher heating temperature of 200°C for 24 hours. The effect of rubber crumbs aggregates as a substitution for the raw clay materials was investigated by varying their concentration from 0% to 2.5%. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses have been conducted to study the phases and microstructures of the samples. It was found that the optimum rubber crumbs concentration was at 0.5% and 1%, while cracks and larger porosity were found at higher crumbs concentrations. Water absorption and compressive strength test results demonstrated that rubber crumbs and clay satisfied the standard requirement for the roof tiles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rubber%20crumbs" title="rubber crumbs">rubber crumbs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay" title=" clay"> clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roof%20tiles" title=" roof tiles"> roof tiles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkaline%20activators" title=" alkaline activators"> alkaline activators</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159923/rubber-crumbs-in-alkali-activated-clay-roof-tiles-at-low-temperature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159923.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">296</span> The Misconception Terminology of ‘Marseilles’ Clay Roof Tiles in Malaysia’s Conservation Work</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masyitah%20Abd%20Aziz">Masyitah Abd Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Sabere%20Sulaiman"> Mohd Sabere Sulaiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norsiah%20Hassan"> Norsiah Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamilah%20Halina%20Abdul%20Halim"> Jamilah Halina Abdul Halim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Saipul%20Asrafi%20Haron"> Mohd Saipul Asrafi Haron</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A well-defined terminology of ‘Marseilles’ clay roof tiles in conservation works will easily characterize the communication delivery between expert and layperson, which will help people effectively understand to such specific knowledge areas. While it reduces ambiguity and increases clarity, the communication will translate very fast as it encourage an important factor in quality of the preservation of cultural heritage for future generations. The experts in conservation works faces many important terms, and indeed the very basic terminology in conservation areas were misunderstood. Thus, there were such terminology that being taken for granted and just follow seriously the tradition of the common practitioner without having any precise knowledge of what it entails. This study aims to investigate on the misconception of the terminology of ‘Marseilles’ clay roof tiles that being used in Malaysia’s conservation work. To avoid confusion of the terminology of ‘Marseilles’ clay roof tiles that will be followed through by the next generation, observation, interviews, and readings from the literature reviews on the terminology of the roof tiles has been done. It shows some evidence that ‘Marseilles’ were referring specific to French type roof tiles that developed by the Gilardoni Brothers in 1851. It was also found in Mangalore as the pioneered manufacturer in the 1860s by The Common Wealth Trust Ltd (Basel Mission tile factory). The interlocking clay roof types that has been used in Malaysia have the similarity and are influenced by both Europe and India. However, ‘Marseilles’ terminology was commonly used in Malaysia’s conservation works which led to the misconception of the real interpretation of all interlocking clay roof tiles type. The future generations will found that the well-defined terminology will gives a specific impact on conservation method and techniques. These range of applications to which roof tiles terminology will direct the future experts to make realistic suggestion for a future sustainable conservation approaches. Furthermore, it should contributes value added to conservation knowledge as well as holistic references for next generation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interlocking%20roof%20tiles" title="interlocking roof tiles">interlocking roof tiles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marseilles" title=" marseilles"> marseilles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=misconception" title=" misconception"> misconception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terminology" title=" terminology"> terminology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160589/the-misconception-terminology-of-marseilles-clay-roof-tiles-in-malaysias-conservation-work" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160589.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">100</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">295</span> Application of Heritage Clay Roof Tiles in Malaysia’s Government Buildings: Conservation Challenges</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Sabere%20Sulaiman">Mohd Sabere Sulaiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masyitah%20Abd%20Aziz"> Masyitah Abd Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norsiah%20Hassan"> Norsiah Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamilah%20Halina%20Abdul%20Halim"> Jamilah Halina Abdul Halim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Saipul%20Asrafi%20Haron"> Mohd Saipul Asrafi Haron</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of clay roof tiles was spread out through Asia and Europe, including Malaysia, since the early 17th Century. Most of the common type of clay roof tiles are used in a flat and rectangular shape, measurement, styles, and characteristics through each tradition and interest, including responsive to the climate. Various types of heritage clay roof tiles were used in Malaysia’s Government Buildings dated 1865, 1919, 1936, and so forth, which mostly were imported from India, France, and Italy. Until now, these heritage clay roof tiles are still found throughout Malaysia, including the ‘Interlocking’ clay roof tile type. This study is to investigate and overview the existence of heritage clay roof tiles used in Malaysia; the ‘interlocking’ type with ‘lip’ and ‘hooks’, through literature reviews as desktop study besides carried out a preliminary observation on various sites and interviews. From the literatures, the last production and used of the local heritage clay roof tiles in Malaysia dated in mid 1900s in Batu Arang, Selangor. The brick factory was abandoned since early 2000s. Although the modern ‘Interlocking’ type were produced to duplicate its form, pattern, and size of the original one, they still facing the problem to blend and merged, which end up dismantling the original version, or replacing one to one condition and even replaced overall with the modern materials. This is quite contradicting with the basic principles of building conservation and had become a challenge. Initial findings from the preliminary observation on site in various state in Malaysia shows some evidence that the heritage clay roof tiles are still intact and been used. Some of them might change to modern roof materials such as metal deck, probably due to easy maintenance and cheaper. Also, some are still struggling to maintain and retain its looks and authenticity of the roof while facing the increasing of material cost. Those improper alteration and changes made is due to lack of knowledge among the owner and end user. Various aspect needs to be considered in order to sustain its usage and its original looks by looking at the proper maintenance aspects of the heritage clay roof tiles to prolong the building life for future generation preferences. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=challenges" title="challenges">challenges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay" title=" clay"> clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interlocking" title=" interlocking"> interlocking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maintenance" title=" maintenance"> maintenance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159232/application-of-heritage-clay-roof-tiles-in-malaysias-government-buildings-conservation-challenges" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159232.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">294</span> Utilization of Manila Clam Shells (Venerupis Philippinarum) and Raffia Palm Fiber (Raphia Farinifera) as an Additive in Producing Concrete Roof Tiles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sofina%20Faith%20C.%20Navarro">Sofina Faith C. Navarro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luke%20V.%20Subala"> Luke V. Subala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rica%20H.%20Gatus"> Rica H. Gatus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alfonzo%20Ramon%20DG.%20Burguete"> Alfonzo Ramon DG. Burguete</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Roof tiles, as integral components of buildings, play a crucial role in protecting structures from many things. The study focuses on the production of sustainable roof tiles that address the waste disposal challenges associated with Manila clam shells and mitigate the environmental impact of conventional roof tile materials. Various concentrations of roof tiles are developed, incorporating different proportions of powdered clam shell that contains calcium carbonate and shredded raffia palm fiber. Subsequently, the roof tiles are cast using standard methods and transported to the University of the Philippines Institute of Civil Engineering (UP-ICE) for flexural strength testing. In conclusion, the research aimed to assess the flexural durability of concrete roof tiles with varying concentrations of Raffia Palm Fiber and Manila Clam Shells additives. The findings indicate notable differences in maximum load capacities among the specimens, with C3.1 emerging as the concentration with the highest load-bearing capacity at 313.59729 N. This concentration, with a flexural strength of 2.15214, is identified as the most durable option, with a slightly heavier weight of 1.10 kg. On the other hand, C2.2, with a flexural strength of 0.366 and a weight of 0.80 kg, is highlighted for its impressive durability performance while maintaining a lighter composition. Therefore, for the production of concrete roof tile, C3.1 is recommended for optimal durability, while C2.2 is suggested as a preferable option considering both durability and lightweight characteristics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=raffia%20palm%20fiber" title="raffia palm fiber">raffia palm fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexural%20strength" title=" flexural strength"> flexural strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightweightness" title=" lightweightness"> lightweightness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manila%20Clam%20Shells" title=" Manila Clam Shells"> Manila Clam Shells</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183114/utilization-of-manila-clam-shells-venerupis-philippinarum-and-raffia-palm-fiber-raphia-farinifera-as-an-additive-in-producing-concrete-roof-tiles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183114.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">62</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">293</span> Utilization of Manila Clam Shells (Venerupis Philippinarum) and Raffia Palm Fiber (Raphia Farinifera) as an Additive in Producing Concrete Roof Tiles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alfonzo%20Ramon%20Burguete">Alfonzo Ramon Burguete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rica%20Gatus"> Rica Gatus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sofina%20Faith%20Navarro"> Sofina Faith Navarro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luke%20Subala"> Luke Subala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Roof tiles, as integral components of buildings, play a crucial role in protecting structures from many things. The study focuses on the production of sustainable roof tiles that address the waste disposal challenges associated with Manila clam shells and mitigate the environmental impact of conventional roof tile materials. Various concentrations of roof tiles are developed, incorporating different proportions of powdered clam shell that contains calcium carbonate and shredded raffia palm fiber. Subsequently, the roof tiles are cast using standard methods and transported to the University of the Philippines Institute of Civil Engineering (UP-ICE) for flexural strength testing. In conclusion, the research aimed to assess the flexural durability of concrete roof tiles with varying concentrations of Raffia Palm Fiber and Manila Clam Shells additives. The findings indicate notable differences in maximum load capacities among the specimens, with C3.1 emerging as the concentration with the highest load-bearing capacity at 313.59729 N. This concentration, with a flexural strength of 2.15214, is identified as the most durable option, with a slightly heavier weight of 1.10 kg. On the other hand, C2.2, with a flexural strength of 0.366 and a weight of 0.80 kg, is highlighted for its impressive durability performance while maintaining a lighter composition. Therefore, for the production of concrete roof tile C3.1 is recommended for optimal durability, while C2.2 is suggested as a preferable option considering both durability and lightweight characteristics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manila%20clam%20shells" title="manila clam shells">manila clam shells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=raffia%20palm%20fiber" title=" raffia palm fiber"> raffia palm fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexural%20strength" title=" flexural strength"> flexural strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightweightness" title=" lightweightness"> lightweightness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183143/utilization-of-manila-clam-shells-venerupis-philippinarum-and-raffia-palm-fiber-raphia-farinifera-as-an-additive-in-producing-concrete-roof-tiles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183143.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">62</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">292</span> Acoustic and Thermal Isolation Performance Comparison between Recycled and Ceramic Roof Tiles Using Digital Holographic Interferometry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Araceli%20S%C3%A1nchez">A. Araceli Sánchez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Manuel%20H.%20De%20la%20Torre"> I. Manuel H. De la Torre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Fernando%20Mendoza"> S. Fernando Mendoza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Cesar%20Tavera"> R. Cesar Tavera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Manuel%20de%20J.%20Briones"> R. Manuel de J. Briones</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recycling, as part of any sustainable environment, is continuously evolving and impacting on new materials in manufacturing. One example of this is the recycled solid waste of Tetra Pak ™ packaging, which is a highly pollutant waste as it is not biodegradable since it is manufactured with different materials. The Tetra Pak ™ container consists of thermally joined layers of paper, aluminum and polyethylene. Once disposed, this packaging is recycled by completely separating the paperboard from the rest of the materials. The aluminum and the polyethylene remain together and are used to create the poly-aluminum, which is widely used to manufacture roof tiles. These recycled tiles have different thermal and acoustic properties compared with traditional manufactured ceramic and cement tiles. In this work, we compare a group of tiles using nondestructive optical testing to measure the superficial micro deformations of the tiles under well controlled experiments. The results of the acoustic and thermal tests show remarkable differences between the recycled tile and the traditional ones. These results help to determine which tile could be better suited to the specific environmental conditions in countries where extreme climates, ranging from tropical, desert-like, to very cold are experienced throughout the year. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic" title="acoustic">acoustic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20holographic%20interferometry" title=" digital holographic interferometry"> digital holographic interferometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isolation" title=" isolation"> isolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycled" title=" recycled"> recycled</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roof%20tiles" title=" roof tiles"> roof tiles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable" title=" sustainable"> sustainable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal" title=" thermal"> thermal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38387/acoustic-and-thermal-isolation-performance-comparison-between-recycled-and-ceramic-roof-tiles-using-digital-holographic-interferometry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38387.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">464</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">291</span> The Untold Story of the Importance of ‘Insignia Imprinted’ for the Heritage Clay Roof Tiles in Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Sulaiman">M. S. Sulaiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Hassan"> N. Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Aziz"> M. A. Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20A.%20Haron"> M. S. A. Haron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20H.%20A.%20Halim"> J. H. A. Halim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The classic profile of heritage clay roof tiles gives unique characteristics and timeless style to the almost historical building. It is not only designed to meet basic construction needs, offering great performance and durability but also highlights unnoticed stamp impressions, known as ‘insignia imprinted.’ It seems that the insignia imprinted is not significant to all stakeholders, especially in preserving heritage clay roof tiles in Malaysia. They are not even realized the existence and importance of that element, where it represents the cognitive and social character of that particular era. It creates a sense of belongings for the manufacturers regarding their most elementary features, such as a fortress, crown, fauna and etc. This research aims to identify and analyze the late stamp marks on heritage interlocking clay roof tiles in a government heritage building in Malaysia. The methodology used is literature reviews (desktop study), observation on sites, and interviews. Initial findings from the preliminary observation on-site in Peninsular Malaysia show some evidence that the stamp marks appear on the front and back sides of the tile that indicates the year, manufacturer, code numbers, and logos. Almost more than 30 samples of different types of stamp marks were found and collected. Some of which had been described Guichard & Carvin Cie Marsielle St Andre France, Pierre Sacoman St Henry Marsielle, Tuileries Aixoises Les Milles B.D.R France, The Calicut Tile Co Feroke, And B. Pinto & Co Mangalore dated 1865, 1919 and 1936. In view of this abundance of materials, it will lead to the establishment of a comprehensive database consisting of detailed specifications and material performance for future conservation works and maintenance purposes that will sustain for future references. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay%20roof%20tiles" title="clay roof tiles">clay roof tiles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insignia%20imprinted" title=" insignia imprinted"> insignia imprinted</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interlocking" title=" interlocking"> interlocking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stamp%20mark" title=" stamp mark"> stamp mark</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160595/the-untold-story-of-the-importance-of-insignia-imprinted-for-the-heritage-clay-roof-tiles-in-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160595.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">290</span> Historical Studies on Gilt Decorations on Glazed Surfaces</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabra%20Saeidi">Sabra Saeidi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research focuses on the historical techniques associated with the lajevardina and Haft-Rangi production methods in creating tiles, with emphasis on the identification of the techniques of inserting gold sheets on the surface of such historical glazed tiles. In this regard, firstly, the history of the production of enamel, gold plated, and Lajevardina glazed pottery work made during the Khwarizmanshahid and Mongol era (eleventh to the thirteenth century) have been assessed to reach a better understanding of the background and the history associated with historical glazing methods. After the historical overview of the production technique of glazed pottery work and introductions of the civilizations using those techniques, we focused on the niches production methods of enamel and Lajevardina glazing, which are two categories of decorations usually found in tiles. Next, a general classification method for various types of gilt tiles has been introduced, which is applicable to the tile works up to Safavid period (Sixteenth to the seventeenth century). Gilded lajevardina glazed tiles, gilt Haft-Rangi tiles, monolithic glazed gilt tiles, and gilt mosaic tiles are included in the categories. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gilt%20tiles" title="gilt tiles">gilt tiles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20art" title=" Islamic art"> Islamic art</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iranian%20art" title=" Iranian art"> Iranian art</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=historical%20studies" title=" historical studies"> historical studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gilding" title=" gilding"> gilding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109691/historical-studies-on-gilt-decorations-on-glazed-surfaces" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109691.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">123</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">289</span> The Effect of Artificial Intelligence on Decoration Designs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayed%20Mouris%20Gad%20Elsayed%20Khalil">Ayed Mouris Gad Elsayed Khalil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research focuses on historical techniques associated with the Lajevardin and Haft-Rangi production methods in tile production, with particular attention to identifying techniques for applying gold leaf to the surface of these historical glazed tiles. In this context, the history of the production of glazed, gilded and glazed Lajevardin ceramics from the Khwarizmanshahid and Mongol periods (11th to 13th centuries) was first evaluated in order to better understand the context and history of the methods of historical enameling. After a historical overview of glazed ceramic production techniques and the adoption of these techniques by civilizations, we focused on the niche production methods of glazes and Lajevardin glazes, two categories of decoration commonly found on tiles. A general method for classifying the different types of gold tiles was then introduced, applicable to tiles from to the Safavid period (16th-17th centuries). These categories include gold glazed Lajevardina tiles, haft rangi gold tiles, gold glazed monolithic tiles and gold mosaic tiles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnicity" title="ethnicity">ethnicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-cultural" title=" multi-cultural"> multi-cultural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jewelry" title=" jewelry"> jewelry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=craft%20techniquemycenaean" title=" craft techniquemycenaean"> craft techniquemycenaean</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ceramic" title=" ceramic"> ceramic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=provenance" title=" provenance"> provenance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pigmentAmorium" title=" pigmentAmorium"> pigmentAmorium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glass%20bracelets" title=" glass bracelets"> glass bracelets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image" title=" image"> image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Byzantine%20empire" title=" Byzantine empire"> Byzantine empire</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184426/the-effect-of-artificial-intelligence-on-decoration-designs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184426.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">56</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">288</span> Temperature Control and Comfort Level of Elementary School Building with Green Roof in New Taipei City, Taiwan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying-Ming%20Su">Ying-Ming Su</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mei-Shu%20Huang"> Mei-Shu Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To mitigate the urban heat island effect has become a global issue facing the challenge of climate change. Through literature reviews, plant photosynthesis can reduce the carbon dioxide and mitigate the urban heat island effect relatively. Because there are not enough open space and park, green roof has become an important policy in Taiwan. We selected elementary school buildings in northern New Taipei City as research subjects since elementary school is asked priority to build green roof and important educational place to promote green roof concept. Testo 175-H1 recording device was used to record the temperature and humidity difference between roof surface and interior space below roof with and without green roof for the long-term. We also use questionnaire to investigate the awareness of comfort level of green roof and sensation of teachers and students of the elementary school. The results indicated the temperature of roof without greening was higher than that with greening about 2°C. But sometimes during noontime, the temperature of green roof was higher than that of non-green roof related to the character of the accumulation and dissipation of heat of greening probably. The temperature of interior space below green roof was normally lower than that without green roof about 1°C showed that green roof could lower the temperature. The humidity of the green roof was higher than the one without greening also indicated that green roof retained water better. Teachers liked to combine green roof concept in the curriculum, students wished all classes can take turns to maintain the green roof. Teachers and students that school had integrated green roof concept in the curriculum were more willing to participate in the maintenance work of green roof. Teachers and students who may access and touch the green roof can be more aware of the green roof benefit. We suggest architect to increase the accessibility and visibility of green roof, such as a part of the activity space. This idea can be a reference of the green roof curriculum design. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comfort%20level" title="comfort level">comfort level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elementary%20school" title=" elementary school"> elementary school</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20roof" title=" green roof"> green roof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20island%20effect" title=" heat island effect"> heat island effect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24797/temperature-control-and-comfort-level-of-elementary-school-building-with-green-roof-in-new-taipei-city-taiwan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24797.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">416</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">287</span> Thermal Behavior of Green Roof: Case Study at Seoul National University Retentive Green Roof</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Theresia%20Gita%20Hapsari">Theresia Gita Hapsari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There has been major concern about urban heating as urban clusters emerge and population migration from rural to urban areas continues. Green roof has been one of the main practice for urban heat island mitigation for the past decades, thus, this study was conducted to predict the cooling potential of retentive green roof in mitigating urban heat island. Retentive green roof was developed by Han in 2010. It has 320 mm height of retention wall surrounding the vegetation and 65mm depth of retention board underneath the soil, while most conventional green roof doesn’t have any retention wall and only maximum of 25 mm depth of drainage board. Seoul National University retentive green roof significantly reduced sensible heat movement towards the air by 0.5 kWh/m2, and highly enhanced the evaporation process as much as 0.5 – 5.4 kg/m2 which equals to 0.3 – 3.6 kWh/m2 of latent heat flux. These results indicate that with design enhancement, serving as a viable alternate for conventional green roof, retentive green roof contributes to overcome the limitation of conventional green roof which is the main solution for mitigating urban heat island. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20roof" title="green roof">green roof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20impact%20development" title=" low impact development"> low impact development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retention%20board" title=" retention board"> retention board</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20behavior" title=" thermal behavior"> thermal behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20heat%20island" title=" urban heat island"> urban heat island</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76640/thermal-behavior-of-green-roof-case-study-at-seoul-national-university-retentive-green-roof" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76640.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">277</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">286</span> Roof Material Detection Based on Object-Based Approach Using WorldView-2 Satellite Imagery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ebrahim%20Taherzadeh">Ebrahim Taherzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helmi%20Z.%20M.%20Shafri"> Helmi Z. M. Shafri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaveh%20Shahi"> Kaveh Shahi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the most important tasks in urban area remote sensing is detection of impervious surface (IS), such as building roof and roads. However, detection of IS in heterogeneous areas still remains as one of the most challenging works. In this study, detection of concrete roof using an object-oriented approach was proposed. A new rule-based classification was developed to detect concrete roof tile. The proposed rule-based classification was applied to WorldView-2 image. Results showed that the proposed rule has good potential to predict concrete roof material from WorldView-2 images with 85% accuracy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=object-based" title="object-based">object-based</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roof%20material" title=" roof material"> roof material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete%20tile" title=" concrete tile"> concrete tile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WorldView-2" title=" WorldView-2"> WorldView-2</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13685/roof-material-detection-based-on-object-based-approach-using-worldview-2-satellite-imagery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13685.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">424</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">285</span> Utilization of Solid Waste Materials to Produce Glass-Ceramic Tiles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sonjida%20Mustafia">Sonjida Mustafia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Glass-ceramic is a material that contains both the properties of glass and ceramic within. They always contain a residual glassy phase and one or more embedded crystalline phases. Ceramic tiles are very popular in the world because of their high structural strength, low absorption, increased hygiene, and hot and cold insulation. Glass-ceramic materials are used to produce marble-like floor and wall tiles. There are a huge amount of waste materials like rice husk ash (RHA), waste iron, waste glass, and other industrial solid waste in Bangladesh, which can be used to produce glass-ceramic floor and wall tiles. The raw materials (rice husk ash, waste glass, and k-feldspar) are a mixture, and the mixture is melted to form glass frit at 1175°C. The frits are grained to require fine particle size. The powder is moistened in 7-8% water with sodium silicate. The green glass-ceramic tiles were fired at different temperatures (800–1100°C) for a soaking time of 1 hour to form glass-ceramic tiles and to study the sintering-crystallization process. The results reveal that the modulus of rupture increases with increasing sintering temperature and reaches the highest value (95.25Mpa) at 925°C. Glossiness and linear shrinkage increase with increasing temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20husk%20ash" title="rice husk ash">rice husk ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20glass" title=" waste glass"> waste glass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glass-ceramic" title=" glass-ceramic"> glass-ceramic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modulus%20of%20rupture" title=" modulus of rupture"> modulus of rupture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glossiness" title=" glossiness"> glossiness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20shrinkage" title=" linear shrinkage"> linear shrinkage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-structure" title=" micro-structure"> micro-structure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161261/utilization-of-solid-waste-materials-to-produce-glass-ceramic-tiles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161261.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">93</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">284</span> Overview About Sludge Produced From Treatment Plant of Bahr El-Baqar Drain and Reusing It With Cement in Outdoor Paving</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20M.Naguib">Khaled M.Naguib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20M.Noureldin"> Ahmed M.Noureldin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims to achieve many goals such as knowing (quantities produced- main properties- characteristics) of sludge produced from Bahr EL-Baqar drains treatment plant. This prediction or projection was made by laboratory analysis and modelling of Model samples from sludge depending on many studies that have previously done, second check the feasibility and do a risk analysis to know the best alternatives for reuse in producing secondary products that add value to sludge. Also, to know alternatives that have no value to add. All recovery methods are relatively very expensive and challenging to be done in this mega plant, so the recommendation from this study is to use the sludge as a coagulant to reduce some compounds or in secondary products. The study utilized sludge-cement replacement percentages of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%. Produced tiles were tested for water absorption and breaking (bending) strength. The study showed that all produced tiles exhibited a water absorption ratio of around 10%. The study concluded that produced tiles, except for 50% sludge-cement replacement, comply with the breaking strength requirements of 2.8 MPa for tiles for external use. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cement" title="cement">cement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tiles" title=" tiles"> tiles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20treatment%20sludge" title=" water treatment sludge"> water treatment sludge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breaking%20strength" title=" breaking strength"> breaking strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absorption" title=" absorption"> absorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title=" heavy metals"> heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20analysis" title=" risk analysis"> risk analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167746/overview-about-sludge-produced-from-treatment-plant-of-bahr-el-baqar-drain-and-reusing-it-with-cement-in-outdoor-paving" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167746.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">108</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">283</span> Thermal Behavior of the Extensive Green Roofs in Riyadh City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashraf%20Muharam">Ashraf Muharam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasser%20Al-Hemiddi"> Nasser Al-Hemiddi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=El%20Sayed%20Amer"> El Sayed Amer </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Green roof is one of sustainable practice for reducing the environmental impact of a building. Green roofs are vegetation roofs that are partially or completely covered building's roof. It can provide multiple environmental benefits such as mitigation of urban heat island effect and protecting buildings against solar radiation. In Riyadh city buildings consume about 70 % of the total energy used in the building for cooling and heating because of the Riyadh's harsh and tropical climate. So, the study aim was identifying the thermal performance of extensive green roof and comparing its performance with concrete roof performance during summer season. The experimental validations results indicated that the extensive green roofs system was better than concrete roof system for lowering the indoor air temperature. It could reduce the indoor air temperature from 2°C to 5.5°C compared to the concrete roof system. Also, the finding of this study demonstrated that extensive green roof system could reduce 12% to 33% of energy consumption of air conditioning in Riyadh city during summer seasons by using environmentally friendly insulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20performance" title="thermal performance">thermal performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20roof%20system" title=" green roof system"> green roof system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete%20roof%20system" title=" concrete roof system"> concrete roof system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tropical%20climatic" title=" tropical climatic"> tropical climatic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20temperatures" title=" internal temperatures"> internal temperatures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24331/thermal-behavior-of-the-extensive-green-roofs-in-riyadh-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24331.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">408</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">282</span> Wind Fragility for Honeycomb Roof Cladding Panels Using Screw Pull-Out Capacity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Viriyavudh%20Sim">Viriyavudh Sim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Woo%20Young%20Jung"> Woo Young Jung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The failure of roof cladding mostly occurs due to the failing of the connection between claddings and purlins, which is the pull-out of the screw connecting the two parts when the pull-out load, i.e. typhoon, is higher than the resistance of the connection screw. As typhoon disasters in Korea are constantly on the rise, probability risk assessment (PRA) has become a vital tool to evaluate the performance of civil structures. In this study, we attempted to determine the fragility of roof cladding with the screw connection. Experimental study was performed to evaluate the pull-out resistance of screw joints between honeycomb panels and back frames. Subsequently, by means of Monte Carlo Simulation method, probability of failure for these types of roof cladding was determined. The results that the failure of roof cladding was depends on their location on the roof, for example, the edge most panel has the highest probability of failure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monte%20Carlo%20Simulation" title="Monte Carlo Simulation">Monte Carlo Simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roof%20cladding" title=" roof cladding"> roof cladding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=screw%20pull-out%20strength" title=" screw pull-out strength"> screw pull-out strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20fragility" title=" wind fragility"> wind fragility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80016/wind-fragility-for-honeycomb-roof-cladding-panels-using-screw-pull-out-capacity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80016.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">253</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">281</span> Mitigation of Wind Loads on a Building Using Small Wind Turbines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arindam%20Chowdhury">Arindam Chowdhury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andres%20Tremante"> Andres Tremante</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammadtaghi%20Moravej"> Mohammadtaghi Moravej</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bodhisatta%20Hajra"> Bodhisatta Hajra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ioannis%20Zisis"> Ioannis Zisis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Irwin"> Peter Irwin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Extreme wind events, such as hurricanes, have caused significant damage to buildings, resulting in losses worth millions of dollars. The roof of a building is most vulnerable to wind-induced damage due to the high suctions experienced by the roof in extreme wind conditions. Wind turbines fitted to buildings can help generate energy, but to our knowledge, their application to wind load mitigation is not well known. This paper presents results from an experimental study to assess the effect of small wind turbines (developed and patented by the first and second authors) on the wind loads on a low rise building roof. The tests were carried out for an open terrain at the Wall of Wind (WOW) experimental facility at Florida International University (FIU), Miami, Florida, USA, for three cases – bare roof, roof fitted with wind turbines placed closer to the roof edges, and roof with wind turbines placed away from the roof edges. Results clearly indicate that the presence of the wind turbines reduced the mean and peak pressure coefficients (less suction) on the roof when compared to the bare deck case. Furthermore, the peak pressure coefficients were found to be lower (less suction) when the wind turbines were placed closer to the roof, than away from the roof. Flow visualization studies using smoke and gravel clearly showed that the presence of the turbines disrupted the formation of vortices formed by cornering winds, thereby reducing roof suctions and preventing lift off of roof coverings. This study shows that the wind turbines besides generating wind energy, can be used for mitigating wind induced damage to the building roof. Future research must be directed towards understanding the effect of these wind turbines on other roof geometries (e.g. hip/gable) in different terrain conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wall%20of%20wind" title="wall of wind">wall of wind</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20loads" title=" wind loads"> wind loads</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20turbine" title=" wind turbine"> wind turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building" title=" building"> building</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76245/mitigation-of-wind-loads-on-a-building-using-small-wind-turbines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76245.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">249</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">280</span> Assessment of Some Local Clay Minerals Used for the Production of Floor Tiles: Panacea for Economic Growth</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ekenyem%20Stan%20Chinweike">Ekenyem Stan Chinweike</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The suitability of some clay deposits in south eastern Nigeria (Unwana, Ekebedi and Nsu) as materials for the production of floor tiles was investigated. The clay samples were analyzed using wet classical method to determine their chemical composition. Floor tile test specimens were produced using standard method. The test specimens were tested for physical properties such as compressive strength and porosity at 1050◦c and 1150◦c temperature levels. The chemical analysis showed the following results: Unwana (5102 52.24%, AL2o3, 27.20%, Fe2o3 7%, T102 (1.52%), Ekebedi (S102 (58.53%), Al2o3 28.42%, Fe2o3 7%, Ti o2 (1.12%),NSU SIo2 (58.16%), Al2O3 (28.42%), Fe2O3 1.89%, T102 (0.82%) The compressive strength of Unwana, Ekebedi and Nsu clays at 1050◦c are respectively: 15MPa, 13.75MPa and 13.5MPa. At 1150◦c, the values are 16.2MPa and 16.0MPa for Ekebedi and Nsu clays respectively. The porosity of Unwana, Ekebedi and Nsu clays at 1050◦c are respectively31.57%, 23.15% and 24.21%. At 1150◦c, the values are 23.65% and 24.75% for Ekebedi and Nsu respectively. The three clays can be used for production of tiles but Ekebedi has the highest compressive strength which makes it the most suitable clay for the production of floor tiles when compared with floor tiles of the same nominal size stipulated by ASTM standard. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feldspar" title="feldspar">feldspar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quartz" title=" quartz"> quartz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porosity" title=" porosity"> porosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title=" compressive strength"> compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay%20minerals" title=" clay minerals"> clay minerals</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15206/assessment-of-some-local-clay-minerals-used-for-the-production-of-floor-tiles-panacea-for-economic-growth" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15206.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">279</span> Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Uranium in Ceramic Tiles Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reem%20M.%20Altuwirqi">Reem M. Altuwirqi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohja%20S.%20Summan"> Mohja S. Summan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Entesar%20A.%20Ganash"> Entesar A. Ganash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Safia%20H.%20Hamidalddin"> Safia H. Hamidalddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamer%20E.%20Youssef"> Tamer E. Youssef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20A.%20Gondal"> Mohammed A. Gondal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) technique using 1064 nm Nd: YAG laser was optimized and applied for investigating the existence of radioactive elements (uranium) in twenty-six different ceramic tiles. These tiles were collected from the local Saudi market. Qualitative and quantitative analysis for trace radioactive elements like uranium in these samples was achieved using LIBS. The plasma parameters such as temperature and electron density were calculated to confirm that the plasma generated by the tile samples under laser irradiation can be related to analyte concentrations. In order to perform a quantitative analysis, calibration curves were constructed for two uranium lines (U II (424.166 nm) and U II (424.437 nm)). The Uranium activity concentration in Bq/kg for each sample was measured. Cross-validation of LIBS results with a conventional technique such as Gamma-Ray spectroscopy was also carried out for five ceramic samples. The results show that the LIBS method is an effective way of determining radioactive elements such as uranium in ceramic tiles. Moreover, the uranium concentrations of the investigated samples were below the permissible safe limit for building materials in the majority of samples. Such LIBS system could be applied to determine the presence of natural radioactive elements in ceramic tiles and their radioactivity level rapidly to ensure that they are under the safe allowed limit. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser-induced%20breakdown%20spectroscopy" title="laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy">laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma-ray%20spectroscopy" title=" gamma-ray spectroscopy"> gamma-ray spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20radioactivity" title=" natural radioactivity"> natural radioactivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uranium" title=" uranium"> uranium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ceramic%20tiles" title=" ceramic tiles"> ceramic tiles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143458/qualitative-and-quantitative-analysis-of-uranium-in-ceramic-tiles-using-laser-induced-breakdown-spectroscopy-and-gamma-ray-spectroscopy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143458.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">278</span> CFD Modelling and Thermal Performance Analysis of Ventilated Double Skin Roof Structure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20O.%20Idris">A. O. Idris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Virgone"> J. Virgone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20I.%20Ibrahim"> A. I. Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20David"> D. David</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Vergnault"> E. Vergnault</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In hot countries, the major challenge is the air conditioning. The increase in energy consumption by air conditioning stems from the need to live in more comfortable buildings, which is understandable. But in Djibouti, one of the countries with the most expensive electricity in the world, this need is exacerbated by an architecture that is inappropriate and unsuitable for climatic conditions. This paper discusses the design of the roof which is the surface receiving the most solar radiation. The roof determines the general behavior of the building. The study presents Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling and analysis of the energy performance of a double skin ventilated roof. The particularity of this study is that it considers the climate of Djibouti characterized by hot and humid conditions in winter and very hot and humid in summer. Roof simulations are carried out using the Ansys Fluent software to characterize the flow and the heat transfer induced in the ventilated roof in steady state. This modeling is carried out by comparing the influence of several parameters such as the internal emissivity of the upper surface, the thickness of the insulation of the roof and the thickness of the ventilated channel on heat gain through the roof. The energy saving potential compared to the current construction in Djibouti is also presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building" title="building">building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double%20skin%20roof" title=" double skin roof"> double skin roof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermo-fluid%20analysis" title=" thermo-fluid analysis"> thermo-fluid analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20saving" title=" energy saving"> energy saving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forced%20convection" title=" forced convection"> forced convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20convection" title=" natural convection"> natural convection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76124/cfd-modelling-and-thermal-performance-analysis-of-ventilated-double-skin-roof-structure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76124.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">277</span> Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of an Extensive Green Roof with a Traditional Gravel-Asphalted Roof: An Application for the Lebanese Context</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Makram%20El%20Bachawati">Makram El Bachawati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rima%20Manneh"> Rima Manneh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Dandres"> Thomas Dandres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carla%20Nassab"> Carla Nassab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Henri%20El%20Zakhem"> Henri El Zakhem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafik%20Belarbi"> Rafik Belarbi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A vegetative roof, also called a garden roof, is a "roofing system that endorses the growth of plants on a rooftop". Garden roofs serve several purposes for a building, such as embellishing the roofing system, enhancing the water management, and reducing the energy consumption and heat island effects. Lebanon is a Middle East country that lacks the use of a sustainable energy system. It imports 98% of its non-renewable energy from neighboring countries and suffers flooding during heavy rains. The objective of this paper is to determine if the implementation of vegetative roofs is effectively better than the traditional roofs for the Lebanese context. A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is performed in order to compare an existing extensive green roof to a traditional gravel-asphalted roof. The life cycle inventory (LCI) was established and modeled using the SimaPro 8.0 software, while the environmental impacts were classified using the IMPACT 2002+ methodology. Results indicated that, for the existing extensive green roof, the waterproofing membrane and the growing medium were the highest contributors to the potential environmental impacts. When comparing the vegetative to the traditional roof, results showed that, for all impact categories, the extensive green roof had the less environmental impacts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20assessment" title="life cycle assessment">life cycle assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20roofs" title=" green roofs"> green roofs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vegatative%20roof" title=" vegatative roof"> vegatative roof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20impact" title=" environmental impact"> environmental impact</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23142/comparative-life-cycle-assessment-of-an-extensive-green-roof-with-a-traditional-gravel-asphalted-roof-an-application-for-the-lebanese-context" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23142.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">464</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">276</span> Irrigation and Thermal Buffering Mathematical Modeling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yara%20Elborolosy">Yara Elborolosy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harsho%20Sanyal"> Harsho Sanyal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joseph%20Cataldo"> Joseph Cataldo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Two methods of irrigation, drip and sprinkler, were studied to determine the response of the Javits green roof to irrigation. The control study were dry unirrigated plots. Drip irrigation consisted of irrigation tubes running through the green roof that would water the soil throughout, and sprinkler irrigation used a sprinkler system to irrigate the green roof from above. In all cases, the irrigated roofs had increased the soil moisture, reduced temperatures of both the upper and lower surfaces, reduced growing medium temperatures and reduced air temperatures above the green roof relative to the unirrigated roof. The buffered temperature fluctuations were also studied via air conditioner energy consumption. There was a 28% reductionin air conditioner energy consumption and 33% reduction in overall energy consumption between dry and irrigated plots. Values of thermal resistance or S were determined for accuracy, and for this study, there was little change which is ideal. A series of infra-red and thermal probe measurements were used to determine temperatures in the air and sedum. It was determined that the sprinkler irrigation did a better job than the drip irrigation in keeping cooler temperatures within the green roof. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20infrastructure" title="green infrastructure">green infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20roof" title=" black roof"> black roof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20buffering" title=" thermal buffering"> thermal buffering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irrigation" title=" irrigation"> irrigation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169589/irrigation-and-thermal-buffering-mathematical-modeling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169589.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">275</span> Effect of Green Roofs to Prevent the Dissipation of Energy in Mountainous Areas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mina%20Ganji%20Morad">Mina Ganji Morad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maziar%20Azadisoleimanieh"> Maziar Azadisoleimanieh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sina%20Ganji%20Morad"> Sina Ganji Morad </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A green roof is formed by green plants alive and has many positive impacts in the regional climatic, as well as indoor. Green roof system to prevent solar radiation plays a role in the cooling space. The cooling is done by reducing thermal fluctuations on the exterior of the roof and by increasing the roof heat capacity which cause to keep the space under the roof cool in the summer and heating rate increases during the winter. A roof garden is one of the recommended ways to reduce energy consumption in large cities. Despite the scale of the city green roofs have effective functions, such as beautiful view of city and decontaminating the urban landscape and reduce mental stress, and in an exchange of energy and heat from outside to inside spaces. This article is based on a review of 20 articles and 10 books and valid survey results on the positive effects of green roofs to prevent energy waste in the building. According to these publications, three of the conventional roof, green roof typical and green roof with certain administrative details (layers of glass) and the use of resistant plants and shrubs have been analyzed and compared their heat transfer. The results of these studies showed that one of the best green roof systems for mountainous climate is tree and shrub system that in addition to being resistant to climate change in mountainous regions, will benefit from the other advantages of green roof. Due to the severity of climate change in mountainous areas it is essential to prevent the waste of buildings heating and cooling energy. Proper climate design can greatly help to reduce energy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20roof" title="green roof">green roof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reducing%20energy%20consumption" title=" reducing energy consumption"> reducing energy consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mountainous%20areas" title=" mountainous areas"> mountainous areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20architecture" title=" sustainable architecture"> sustainable architecture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23008/effect-of-green-roofs-to-prevent-the-dissipation-of-energy-in-mountainous-areas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23008.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">274</span> Studying the Effect of Shading by Rooftop PV Panels on Dwellings’ Thermal Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saad%20Odeh">Saad Odeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thermal performance is considered to be a key measure in building sustainability. One of the technologies used in the current building sustainable design is the rooftop solar PV power generators. The application of this type of technology has expanded vastly during the last five years in many countries. This paper studies the effect of roof shading developed by the solar PV panels on dwellings’ thermal performance. The analysis in this work is performed by using two types of packages: “AccuRate Sustainability” for rating the energy efficiency of residential building design, and “PVSYST” for the solar PV power system design. The former package is used to calculate the annual heating and cooling load, and the later package is used to evaluate the power production from the roof top PV system. The analysis correlates the electrical energy generated from the PV panels to the change in the heating and cooling load due to roof shading. Different roof orientation, roof inclination, roof insulation, as well as PV panel area are considered in this study. The analysis shows that the drop in energy efficiency due to the shaded area of the roof by PV panels is negligible compared to the energy generated by these panels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PV%20panel" title="PV panel">PV panel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20performance" title=" thermal performance"> thermal performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roof%20shading" title=" roof shading"> roof shading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency"> energy efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78592/studying-the-effect-of-shading-by-rooftop-pv-panels-on-dwellings-thermal-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78592.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">216</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">273</span> The Effect of CaO Addition on Mechanical Properties of Ceramic Tiles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lucie%20Vodova">Lucie Vodova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radomir%20Sokolar"> Radomir Sokolar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jitka%20Hroudova"> Jitka Hroudova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Stoneware clay, fired clay (as a grog), calcite waste and class C fly ash in various mixing rations were the basic raw materials for the mixture for production of dry pressed ceramic tiles. Mechanical properties (water absorption, bulk density, apparent porosity, flexural strength) as well as mineralogical composition were studied on samples with different source of calcium oxide after firing at 900, 1000, 1100 and 1200°C. It was found that samples with addition of calcite waste contain dmisteinbergit and anorthite. This minerals help to improve the strength of the body and reduce porosity fired at lower temperatures. Class C fly ash has not significantly influence on properties of the fired body as calcite waste. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ceramic%20tiles" title="ceramic tiles">ceramic tiles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=class%20C%20fly%20ash" title=" class C fly ash"> class C fly ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcite%20waste" title=" calcite waste"> calcite waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcium%20oxide" title=" calcium oxide"> calcium oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anorthite" title=" anorthite"> anorthite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10757/the-effect-of-cao-addition-on-mechanical-properties-of-ceramic-tiles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10757.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">245</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">272</span> Feasibility of Implementing Zero Energy Buildings in Iran and Examining Its Economic and Technical Aspects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Siyami">Maryam Siyami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Zero energy buildings refer to buildings that have zero annual energy consumption and do not produce carbon emissions. In today's world, considering the limited resources of fossil fuels, buildings, industries and other organizations have moved towards using other available energies. The idea and principle of net zero energy consumption has attracted a lot of attention because the use of renewable energy is a means and a solution to eliminate pollutants and greenhouse gases. Due to the increase in the cost of fossil fuels and their destructive effects on the environment and disrupting the ecological balance, today the plans related to zero energy principles have become very practical and have gained particular popularity. In this research, building modeling has been done in the Design Builder software environment. Based on the changes in the required energy throughout the year in different roof thickness conditions, it has been observed that with the increase in roof thickness, the amount of heating energy required has a downward trend, from 6730 kilowatt hours in the roof thickness of 10 cm to 6408 kilowatt hours in the roof thickness condition. 20 cm is reached, which represents a reduction of about 4.7% in energy if the roof thickness is doubled. Also, with the increase in the thickness of the roof throughout the year, the amount of cooling energy required has a gentle downward trend and has reached from 4964 kilowatt hours in the case of a roof thickness of 10 cm to 4859 kilowatt hours in the case of a roof thickness of 20 cm, which is a decrease equal to It displays 2%. It can be seen that the trend of changes in the energy required for cooling and heating is not much affected by the thickness of the roof (with an effect of 98%) and therefore there is no technical and economic recommendation to increase the thickness of the roof in this sector. Finally, based on the changes in the carbon dioxide produced in different states of the roof thickness, it has been observed that with the increase in the roof thickness, energy consumption and consequently the production of carbon dioxide has decreased. By increasing the thickness of the roof from 10 cm to 20 cm, the amount of carbon dioxide produced by heating the building has decreased by 27%. Also, this amount of reduction has been obtained based on the cooling system and for different amounts of roof thickness equal to 19%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20consumption" title="energy consumption">energy consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20building" title=" green building"> green building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20builder" title=" design builder"> design builder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AHP" title=" AHP"> AHP</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191532/feasibility-of-implementing-zero-energy-buildings-in-iran-and-examining-its-economic-and-technical-aspects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191532.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">25</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">271</span> A Review on the Development and Challenges of Green Roof Systems in Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20F.%20Chow">M. F. Chow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20F.%20Abu%20Bakar"> M. F. Abu Bakar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Green roof system is considered a relatively new concept in Malaysia even though it has been implemented widely in the developed countries. Generally, green roofs provide many benefits such as enhancing aesthetical quality of the built environment, reduce urban heat island effect, reduce energy consumption, improve stormwater attenuation, and reduce noise pollution. A better understanding on the implementation of green roof system in Malaysia is crucial, as Malaysia’s climate is different if compared with the climate in temperate countries where most of the green roof studies have been conducted. This study has concentrated on the technical aspect of green roof system which focuses on i) types of plants and method of planting; ii) engineering design for green roof system; iii) its hydrological performance on reducing stormwater runoff; and iv) benefits of green roofs with respect to energy. Literature review has been conducted to identify the development and obstacles associated with green roofs systems in Malaysia. The study had identified the challenges and potentials of green roofs development in Malaysia. This study also provided the recommendations on standard design and strategies on the implementation of green roofs in Malaysia in the near future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engineering%20design" title="engineering design">engineering design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20roof" title=" green roof"> green roof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title=" sustainable development"> sustainable development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tropical%20countries" title=" tropical countries"> tropical countries</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35264/a-review-on-the-development-and-challenges-of-green-roof-systems-in-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35264.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">432</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">270</span> The Study of Groundcover for Heat Reduction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Winai%20Mankhatitham">Winai Mankhatitham</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research investigated groundcover on the roof (green roof) which can reduce the temperature and carbon monoxide. This study is divided into 3 main aspects: 1) Types of groundcover affecting heat reduction, 2) The efficiency on heat reduction of 3 types of groundcover, i.e. lawn, arachis pintoi, and purslane, 3) Database for designing green roof. This study has been designed as an experimental research by simulating the 3 types of groundcover in 3 trays placed in the green house for recording the temperature change for 24 hours. The results showed that the groundcover with the highest heat reduction efficiency was lawn. The dense of the lawn can protect the heat transfer to the soil. For the further study, there should be a comparative study of the thickness and the types of soil to get more information for the suitable types of groundcover and the soil for designing the energy saving green roof. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20roof" title="green roof">green roof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20reduction" title=" heat reduction"> heat reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundcover" title=" groundcover"> groundcover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20saving" title=" energy saving"> energy saving</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8082/the-study-of-groundcover-for-heat-reduction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8082.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">515</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">269</span> Recommending Appropriate Type of Green Roof Considering Urban Typology and Climatic Zoning in Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghazal%20Raheb">Ghazal Raheb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Population growth in big cities of Iran has led to limitation of land resources, more consumption of non-renewable sources of energy and many environmental problems. Emerging of overbuilt urban areas and decreasing amount of green spaces cause the appearance of an undesirable landscape in the cities. Green roof technology is a solution to improve environmental concerns in urban areas which combines green spaces with buildings as the private or semi-private spaces. Successful implementation in different areas definitely depends on accommodation of green roof type with the environment and urban and building typology in Iran. This paper is aiming to provide some recommendation for selecting appropriate type of green roof and executive solutions considering to climatic zoning and urban situation in Iran. Two main aspects which have been considered are environmental and urban typology factors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20roof" title="green roof">green roof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20typology" title=" urban typology"> urban typology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20zone" title=" climate zone"> climate zone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landscape" title=" landscape"> landscape</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10813/recommending-appropriate-type-of-green-roof-considering-urban-typology-and-climatic-zoning-in-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10813.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">503</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roof%20tiles&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roof%20tiles&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roof%20tiles&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roof%20tiles&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roof%20tiles&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roof%20tiles&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roof%20tiles&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roof%20tiles&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roof%20tiles&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roof%20tiles&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>