CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Dictionary of National Biography - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"7a16cb6c-a21b-4725-ac57-8aa31c28d162","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Dictionary_of_National_Biography","wgTitle":"Dictionary of National Biography","wgCurRevisionId":1244340118,"wgRevisionId":1244340118,"wgArticleId":232417,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from August 2020","Use Oxford spelling from April 2020","Articles containing German-language text","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from December 2021", "Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia","Dictionary of National Biography","1885 non-fiction books","2004 non-fiction books","British biographers","British non-fiction literature","Online person databases","Oxford dictionaries","Oxford University Press reference books","British biographical dictionaries","Book series introduced in 1885"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Dictionary_of_National_Biography","wgRelevantArticleId":232417,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks": "en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography","wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1210343","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user": "ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns", "ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Dictionary_of_National_Biography%2C_Volume_1%2C_title_page.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1815"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Dictionary_of_National_Biography%2C_Volume_1%2C_title_page.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1210"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="968"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Dictionary of National Biography - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Dictionary_of_National_Biography&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Dictionary_of_National_Biography rootpage-Dictionary_of_National_Biography skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Dictionary+of+National+Biography" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Dictionary+of+National+Biography" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Dictionary+of+National+Biography" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Dictionary+of+National+Biography" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-First_series" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_series"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>First series</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_series-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Supplements_and_revisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supplements_and_revisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Supplements and revisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Supplements_and_revisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Concise_dictionary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concise_dictionary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Concise dictionary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Concise_dictionary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span><i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_series_contents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_series_contents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>First series contents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_series_contents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Dictionary of National Biography</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="قاموس السير الوطنية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قاموس السير الوطنية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dictionary of National Biography" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dictionary of National Biography" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dictionary of National Biography" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87_%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C" title="فرهنگ زندگی‌نامه ملی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرهنگ زندگی‌نامه ملی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dictionary of National Biography" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%81%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%B8%EB%AA%85%EC%82%AC%EC%A0%84" title="영국인명사전 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="영국인명사전" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dictionary of National Biography" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dictionary of National Biography" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%AB_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%80" title="डिक्शनरी ऑफ नॅशनल बायोग्राफी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="डिक्शनरी ऑफ नॅशनल बायोग्राफी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8D%E4%BA%8B%E5%85%B8" title="英国人名事典 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="英国人名事典" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dictionary of National Biography" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dictionary of National Biography" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dictionary of National Biography" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Национальный биографический словарь – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Национальный биографический словарь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Dictionary of National Biography" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%95%D8%B1%DA%BE%DB%95%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C_%DA%98%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="فەرھەنگی ژیاننامەی نەتەوەیی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فەرھەنگی ژیاننامەی نەتەوەیی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dictionary of National Biography" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dictionary of National Biography" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Національний біографічний словник – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Національний біографічний словник" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AD_%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="لغت برائے عوامی سوانح نگاری – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لغت برائے عوامی سوانح نگاری" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E6%B4%A5%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9%E5%82%B3%E8%A8%98%E5%A4%A7%E8%BE%AD%E5%85%B8" title="牛津國家人物傳記大辭典 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="牛津國家人物傳記大辭典" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1210343#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Dictionary_of_National_Biography" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dictionary_of_National_Biography&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dictionary_of_National_Biography&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dictionary_of_National_Biography&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dictionary_of_National_Biography&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dictionary_of_National_Biography&oldid=1244340118" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dictionary_of_National_Biography&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Dictionary_of_National_Biography&id=1244340118&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDictionary_of_National_Biography%23Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDictionary_of_National_Biography%23Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Dictionary_of_National_Biography&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dictionary_of_National_Biography&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dictionary_of_National_Biography" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikisource mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" hreflang="en"><span>Wikisource</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1210343" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Reference on notable British figures</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_Volume_1,_title_page.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Dictionary_of_National_Biography%2C_Volume_1%2C_title_page.jpg/220px-Dictionary_of_National_Biography%2C_Volume_1%2C_title_page.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Dictionary_of_National_Biography%2C_Volume_1%2C_title_page.jpg/330px-Dictionary_of_National_Biography%2C_Volume_1%2C_title_page.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Dictionary_of_National_Biography%2C_Volume_1%2C_title_page.jpg/440px-Dictionary_of_National_Biography%2C_Volume_1%2C_title_page.jpg 2x" data-file-width="607" data-file-height="918" /></a><figcaption>The title page of the first volume of the <i>Dictionary of National Biography</i> (1885)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i><b>Dictionary of National Biography</b></i> (<i><b>DNB</b></i>) is a standard work of reference on notable figures from <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_British_Isles" title="History of the British Isles">British history</a>, published since 1885. The updated <i><b>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</b></i> (<i><b>ODNB</b></i>) was published on 23 September 2004 in 60 volumes and online, with 50,113 biographical articles covering 54,922 lives. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_series">First series</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dictionary_of_National_Biography&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: First series"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hoping to emulate national <a href="/wiki/Biography" title="Biography">biographical</a> collections published elsewhere in Europe, such as the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Allgemeine_Deutsche_Biographie" title="Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie">Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie</a></i></span> (1875), in 1882 the publisher <a href="/wiki/George_Murray_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="George Murray Smith">George Smith</a> (1824–1901), of <a href="/wiki/Smith,_Elder_%26_Co." title="Smith, Elder & Co.">Smith, Elder & Co.</a>, planned a universal dictionary that would include biographical entries on individuals from world history. He approached <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Stephen" title="Leslie Stephen">Leslie Stephen</a>, then editor of the <i><a href="/wiki/Cornhill_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornhill Magazine">Cornhill Magazine</a></i>, owned by Smith, to become the editor. Stephen persuaded Smith that the work should focus only on subjects from the United Kingdom and its present and former colonies. An early working title was the <i>Biographia Britannica</i>, the name of <a href="/wiki/Biographia_Britannica" title="Biographia Britannica">an earlier eighteenth-century reference work</a>. </p><p>The first volume of the <i>Dictionary of National Biography</i> appeared on 1 January 1885. In May 1891 Leslie Stephen resigned and <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Lee" title="Sidney Lee">Sidney Lee</a>, Stephen's assistant editor from the beginning of the project, succeeded him as editor.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A dedicated team of sub-editors and researchers worked under Stephen and Lee, combining a variety of talents from veteran journalists to young scholars who cut their academic teeth on dictionary articles at a time when postgraduate historical research in British universities was still in its infancy. While much of the dictionary was written in-house, the <i>DNB</i> also relied on external contributors, who included several respected writers and scholars of the late nineteenth century. By 1900, more than <a href="/wiki/List_of_contributors_to_the_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="List of contributors to the Dictionary of National Biography">700 individuals</a> had contributed to the work. Successive volumes appeared quarterly with complete punctuality until midsummer 1900, when the series closed with volume 63.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The year of publication, the editor and the range of names in each volume is given <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#First_series_contents">below</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Supplements_and_revisions">Supplements and revisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dictionary_of_National_Biography&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Supplements and revisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Smith_by_John_Collier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/George_Smith_by_John_Collier.jpg/220px-George_Smith_by_John_Collier.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/George_Smith_by_John_Collier.jpg/330px-George_Smith_by_John_Collier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/George_Smith_by_John_Collier.jpg/440px-George_Smith_by_John_Collier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2915" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/George_Murray_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="George Murray Smith">George Murray Smith</a> conceived of the <i>DNB</i>, subsidised it, and saw it finally into print before he died in 1901.</figcaption></figure> <p>Since the scope included only deceased figures, the <i>DNB</i> was soon extended by the issue of three supplementary volumes, covering subjects who had died between 1885 and 1900 or who had been overlooked in the original alphabetical sequence. The supplements brought the whole work up to the death of <a href="/wiki/Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria of the United Kingdom">Queen Victoria</a> on 22 January 1901. Corrections were added. </p><p>After issuing a volume of errata in 1904, the dictionary was reissued with minor revisions in 22 volumes in 1908 and 1909; a subtitle said that it covered British history "from the earliest times to the year 1900". In the words of the <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition</a></i>, the dictionary had "proved of inestimable service in elucidating the private annals of the British",<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> providing not only concise lives of the notable deceased, but additionally lists of sources which were invaluable to researchers in a period when few libraries or collections of manuscripts had published catalogues or indices, and the production of indices to periodical literatures was just beginning. Throughout the twentieth century, further volumes were published for those who had died, generally on a decade-by-decade basis, beginning in 1912 with a supplement edited by Lee covering those who died between 1901 and 1911. The dictionary was transferred from its original publishers, Smith, Elder & Co., to <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a> in 1917. Until 1996, Oxford University Press continued to add further supplements featuring articles on subjects who had died during the twentieth century. These include the 3rd supplement in 1927 (covering those who died between 1912 and 1921), 4th supplement in 1937 (covering those who died between 1922 and 1930), 5th supplement in 1949 (covering those who died between 1931 and 1940), 6th supplement in 1959 (covering those who died between 1941 and 1950), 7th supplement in 1971 (covering those who died between 1951 and 1960), 8th supplement in 1981 (covering those who died between 1961 and 1970), 9th supplement in 1986 (covering those who died between 1971 and 1980), 10th supplement in 1990 (covering those who died between 1981 and 1985), 11th supplement in 1993 (covering missing persons, see below), and 12th supplement in 1996 (covering those who died between 1986 and 1990). </p><p>The 63 volumes of the original <i>DNB</i> included 29,120 lives;<sup id="cite_ref-11thPreface_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11thPreface-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the supplements published between 1912 and 1996 added about 6,000 lives of people who died in the twentieth century. In 1993, a volume containing missing biographies was published.<sup id="cite_ref-11thPreface_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11thPreface-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This had an additional 1,086 lives, selected from over 100,000 suggestions.<sup id="cite_ref-11thPreface_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11thPreface-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Leopold_George_Wickham_Legg" title="Leopold George Wickham Legg">L. G. L. Legg</a> was editor of the <i>DNB</i> in the 1940s.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1966, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_London" title="University of London">University of London</a> published a volume of corrections, cumulated from the <i><a href="/wiki/Bulletin_of_the_Institute_of_Historical_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research">Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Concise_dictionary">Concise dictionary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dictionary_of_National_Biography&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Concise dictionary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There were various versions of the <i><a href="/wiki/The_Concise_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="The Concise Dictionary of National Biography">Concise Dictionary of National Biography</a></i>, which covered everyone in the main work but with much shorter articles; some were only two lines. The last edition, in three volumes, covered everyone who died before 1986. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography"><i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dictionary_of_National_Biography&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Oxford Dictionary of National Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography_volumes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography_volumes.jpg/220px-Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography_volumes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography_volumes.jpg/330px-Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography_volumes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography_volumes.jpg/440px-Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography_volumes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Some volumes of the <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i></figcaption></figure> <p>In the early 1990s, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a> committed itself to overhauling the <i>DNB</i>. Work on what was known until 2001 as the <i>New Dictionary of National Biography</i>, or <i>New DNB</i>, began in 1992 under the editorship of <a href="/wiki/Colin_Matthew" title="Colin Matthew">Colin Matthew</a>, professor of Modern History at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a>. Matthew decided that no subjects from the old dictionary would be excluded, however insignificant the subjects appeared to a late twentieth-century eye; that a minority of shorter articles from the original dictionary would remain in the new version in revised form, but most would be rewritten; and that room would be made for about 14,000 new subjects. Suggestions for new subjects were solicited through questionnaires placed in libraries and universities and, as the 1990s advanced, online. The suggestions were assessed by the editor, the 12 external consultant editors, and several hundred associate editors and in-house staff. Digitisation of the <i>DNB</i> was performed by the Alliance Photosetting Company in <a href="/wiki/Pondicherry" title="Pondicherry">Pondicherry</a>, India.<sup id="cite_ref-Warren_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warren-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The new dictionary would cover British history, "broadly defined" (including, for example, subjects from <a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain">Roman Britain</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">United States of America before its independence</a>, and from <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">Britain's former colonies</a>, provided they were functionally part of the Empire and not of "the indigenous culture", as stated in the Introduction), up to 31 December 2000. The research project was conceived as a collaborative one, with in-house staff co-ordinating the work of nearly 10,000 contributors internationally. It would remain selective – there would be no attempt to include all <a href="/wiki/Members_of_parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Members of parliament">members of parliament</a>, for example – but would seek to include significant, influential or notorious figures from the whole canvas of the life of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and its former colonies, overlaying the decisions of the late-nineteenth-century editors with the interests of late-twentieth-century scholarship in the hope that "the two epochs in collaboration might produce something more useful for the future than either epoch on its own", but acknowledging also that a final definitive selection is impossible to achieve. </p><p>Matthews's dedication to a digitised ODNB included what Christopher Warren calls Matthews's "data internationalism".<sup id="cite_ref-Warren_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warren-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 1996 essay, Matthew prophesied, "Who can doubt that in the course of the next century, as nationality in Europe gives way to <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, so national reference works, at least in Europe, will do so also....Just as the computer is collapsing national library catalogues in a single world-wide series, so I am sure that in the course of the next fifty years we will see the gradual aggregation of our various dictionaries of national biography. We will be much blamed by our users if we do not!"<sup id="cite_ref-Warren_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warren-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following Matthew's death in October 1999, he was succeeded as editor by another Oxford historian, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Harrison_(historian)" title="Brian Harrison (historian)">Brian Harrison</a>, in January 2000. The new dictionary, now known as the <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i> (or <i>ODNB</i>), was published on 23 September 2004 in 60 volumes in print at a price of £7,500, and in an online edition for subscribers. Most UK holders of a current library card can access it online free of charge. In subsequent years, the print edition has been obtainable new for a much lower price.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At publication, the 2004 edition had 50,113 biographical articles covering 54,922 lives, including entries on all subjects included in the old <i>DNB</i> (the old <i>DNB</i> entries on these subjects may be accessed separately through a link to the "DNB Archive" – many of the longer entries are still highly regarded). A small permanent staff remain in Oxford to update and extend the coverage of the online edition. Harrison was succeeded as editor by another Oxford historian, <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Goldman" title="Lawrence Goldman">Lawrence Goldman</a>, in October 2004. The first online update was published on 4 January 2005, including subjects who had died in 2001. A further update, including subjects from all periods, followed on 23 May 2005, and another on 6 October 2005. New subjects who died in 2002 were added to the online dictionary on 5 January 2006, with continuing releases in May and October in subsequent years following the precedent of 2005. The <i>ODNB</i> also includes some new biographies on people who died before the <i>DNB</i> was published and are not included in the original <i>DNB</i>, because they have become notable since the <i>DNB</i> was published through the work of more recent historians, for example <a href="/wiki/William_Eyre_(leveller)" title="William Eyre (leveller)">William Eyre</a> (fl. 1634–1675). </p><p>The online version has an advanced search facility, allowing a search for people by area of interest, religion and "Places, Dates, Life Events". This accesses an electronic index that cannot be directly viewed. </p><p>Response to the new dictionary has been for the most part positive, but in the months following publication there was occasional criticism of the dictionary in some British newspapers and periodicals for reported factual inaccuracies.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the number of articles publicly queried in this way was small – only 23 of the 50,113 articles published in September 2004, leading to fewer than 100 substantiated factual amendments.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> These and other queries received since publication are being considered as part of an ongoing programme of assessing proposed corrections or additions to existing subject articles, which can, when approved, be incorporated into the online edition of the dictionary. In 2005, The <a href="/wiki/American_Library_Association" title="American Library Association">American Library Association</a> awarded the <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i> its prestigious <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_Medal" title="Dartmouth Medal">Dartmouth Medal</a>. A general review of the dictionary was published in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sir_David_Cannadine" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir David Cannadine">Sir David Cannadine</a> took over the editorship from October 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_series_contents">First series contents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dictionary_of_National_Biography&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: First series contents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Contents of each volume of the first series with year of publication and editor. </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Volume </th> <th>Names </th> <th>Year published </th> <th>Editor </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>Abbadie – Anne </td> <td rowspan="4">1885 </td> <td rowspan="21">Stephen </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>Annesley – Baird </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>Baker – Beadon </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>Beal – Biber </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td>Bicheno – Bottisham </td> <td rowspan="4">1886 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td>Bottomley – Browell </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td>Brown – Burthogge </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td>Burton – Cantwell </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td>Canute – Chaloner </td> <td rowspan="4">1887 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td>Chamber – Clarkson </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td>Clater – Condell </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td>Conder – Craigie </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 </td> <td>Craik – Damer </td> <td rowspan="4">1888 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 </td> <td>Damon – D'Eyncourt </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 </td> <td>Diamond – Drake </td></tr> <tr> <td>16 </td> <td>Drant – Edridge </td></tr> <tr> <td>17 </td> <td>Edward – Erskine </td> <td rowspan="4">1889 </td></tr> <tr> <td>18 </td> <td>Esdale – Finan </td></tr> <tr> <td>19 </td> <td>Finch – Forman </td></tr> <tr> <td>20 </td> <td>Forrest – Garner </td></tr> <tr> <td>21 </td> <td>Garnett – Gloucester </td> <td rowspan="4">1890 </td></tr> <tr> <td>22 </td> <td>Glover – Gravet </td> <td rowspan="5">Stephen & Lee </td></tr> <tr> <td>23 </td> <td>Gray – Haighton </td></tr> <tr> <td>24 </td> <td>Hailes – Harriott </td></tr> <tr> <td>25 </td> <td>Harris – Henry I </td> <td rowspan="4">1891 </td></tr> <tr> <td>26 </td> <td>Henry II – Hindley </td></tr> <tr> <td>27 </td> <td>Hindmarsh – Hovenden </td> <td rowspan="37">Sidney Lee </td></tr> <tr> <td>28 </td> <td>Howard – Inglethorpe </td></tr> <tr> <td>29 </td> <td>Inglish – John </td> <td rowspan="4">1892 </td></tr> <tr> <td>30 </td> <td>Johnes – Kenneth </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 </td> <td>Kennett – Lambart </td></tr> <tr> <td>32 </td> <td>Lambe – Leigh </td></tr> <tr> <td>33 </td> <td>Leighton – Lluelyn </td> <td rowspan="4">1893 </td></tr> <tr> <td>34 </td> <td>Llywd – MacCartney </td></tr> <tr> <td>35 </td> <td>MacCarwell – Maltby </td></tr> <tr> <td>36 </td> <td>Malthus – Mason </td></tr> <tr> <td>37 </td> <td>Masquerier – Millyng </td> <td rowspan="4">1894 </td></tr> <tr> <td>38 </td> <td>Milman – More </td></tr> <tr> <td>39 </td> <td>Morehead – Myles </td></tr> <tr> <td>40 </td> <td>Myllar – Nicholls </td></tr> <tr> <td>41 </td> <td>Nichols – O'Dugan </td> <td rowspan="4">1895 </td></tr> <tr> <td>42 </td> <td>O'Duinn – Owen </td></tr> <tr> <td>43 </td> <td>Owens – Passelewe </td></tr> <tr> <td>44 </td> <td>Paston – Percy </td></tr> <tr> <td>45 </td> <td>Pereira – Pockrich </td> <td rowspan="4">1896 </td></tr> <tr> <td>46 </td> <td>Pocock – Puckering </td></tr> <tr> <td>47 </td> <td>Puckle – Reidfurd </td></tr> <tr> <td>48 </td> <td>Reilly – Robins </td></tr> <tr> <td>49 </td> <td>Robinson – Russell </td> <td rowspan="4">1897 </td></tr> <tr> <td>50 </td> <td>Russen – Scobell </td></tr> <tr> <td>51 </td> <td>Scoffin – Sheares </td></tr> <tr> <td>52 </td> <td>Shearman – Smirke </td></tr> <tr> <td>53 </td> <td>Smith – Stanger </td> <td rowspan="4">1898 </td></tr> <tr> <td>54 </td> <td>Stanhope – Stovin<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>55 </td> <td>Stow – Taylor </td></tr> <tr> <td>56 </td> <td>Teach – Tollet </td></tr> <tr> <td>57 </td> <td>Tom – Tytler </td> <td rowspan="4">1899 </td></tr> <tr> <td>58 </td> <td>Ubaldini – Wakefield </td></tr> <tr> <td>59 </td> <td>Wakeman – Watkins </td></tr> <tr> <td>60 </td> <td>Watson – Whewell </td></tr> <tr> <td>61 </td> <td>Whichcord – Williams </td> <td rowspan="3">1900 </td></tr> <tr> <td>62 </td> <td>Williamson – Worden </td></tr> <tr> <td>63 </td> <td>Wordsworth – Zuylestein </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dictionary_of_National_Biography&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_contributors_to_the_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="List of contributors to the Dictionary of National Biography">List of contributors to the <i>Dictionary of National Biography</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biographical_dictionary" title="Biographical dictionary">Biographical dictionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Biography_Index" title="Oxford Biography Index">Oxford Biography Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Historiography of the United Kingdom">Historiography of the United Kingdom</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dictionary_of_National_Biography&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGosse1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Gosse" title="Edmund Gosse">Gosse, Edmund William</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Biography"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Biography">"Biography" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 954.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Biography&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=954&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Gosse&rft.aufirst=Edmund+William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADictionary+of+National+Biography" class="Z3988"></span> The <i>DNB</i> is described in the last paragraph of this article.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11thPreface-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-11thPreface_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-11thPreface_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-11thPreface_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Dictionary of National Biography: Missing Persons</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1993. pp. v–vii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-865211-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-865211-9"><bdi>0-19-865211-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dictionary+of+National+Biography%3A+Missing+Persons&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=v-vii&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-19-865211-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADictionary+of+National+Biography" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Legg, Leopold George Wickham" in <i><a href="/wiki/Who%27s_Who_(UK)" title="Who's Who (UK)">Who Was Who 1961–1970</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/A_%26_C_Black" title="A & C Black">A & C Black</a>, 1979 reprint, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7136-2008-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7136-2008-0">0-7136-2008-0</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/University_of_London" title="University of London">University of London</a>. <i>Corrections and Additions to the Dictionary of National Biography, Cumulated from the Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research Covering the Years 1923–1963</i>. Boston: G. K. Hall, 1966.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Warren-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Warren_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Warren_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Warren_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarren2018" class="citation journal cs1">Warren, Christopher N. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190307062600/http://culturalanalytics.org/2018/11/historiographys-two-voices-data-infrastructure-and-history-at-scale-in-the-oxford-dictionary-of-national-biography-odnb/">"Historiography's Two Voices: Data Infrastructure and History at Scale in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (ODNB)"</a>. <i>Journal of Cultural Analytics</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.22148%2F16.028">10.22148/16.028</a></span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://culturalanalytics.org/2018/11/historiographys-two-voices-data-infrastructure-and-history-at-scale-in-the-oxford-dictionary-of-national-biography-odnb/">the original</a> on 7 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Cultural+Analytics&rft.atitle=Historiography%27s+Two+Voices%3A+Data+Infrastructure+and+History+at+Scale+in+the+Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography+%28ODNB%29&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.22148%2F16.028&rft.aulast=Warren&rft.aufirst=Christopher+N.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fculturalanalytics.org%2F2018%2F11%2Fhistoriographys-two-voices-data-infrastructure-and-history-at-scale-in-the-oxford-dictionary-of-national-biography-odnb%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADictionary+of+National+Biography" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E.g., at least one U.K. bookseller in 2012 was asking £1738.44 (US$2842.42) including free worldwide delivery: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120722052148/http://www.abebooks.com/servlet/BookDetailsPL?bi=2694312245&searchurl=n%3D200000169%26tn%3DOxford%2BDictionary%2Bof%2BNational%2BBiography%26x%3D64%26y%3D8">"Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: In Association with the British Academy. From the Earliest Times to the Year 2000 (Hardback)"</a>. <i>AbeBooks</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abebooks.com/servlet/BookDetailsPL?bi=2694312245&searchurl=n%3D200000169%26tn%3DOxford%2BDictionary%2Bof%2BNational%2BBiography%26x%3D64%26y%3D8">the original</a> on 22 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AbeBooks&rft.atitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography%3A+In+Association+with+the+British+Academy.+From+the+Earliest+Times+to+the+Year+2000+%28Hardback%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abebooks.com%2Fservlet%2FBookDetailsPL%3Fbi%3D2694312245%26searchurl%3Dn%253D200000169%2526tn%253DOxford%252BDictionary%252Bof%252BNational%252BBiography%2526x%253D64%2526y%253D8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADictionary+of+National+Biography" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStefan_Collini2005" class="citation magazine cs1">Stefan Collini (20 January 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090702113922/http://www.lrb.co.uk/v27/n02/coll01_.html">"Our Island Story"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/London_Review_of_Books" title="London Review of Books">London Review of Books</a></i>. Vol. 27, no. 2. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lrb.co.uk/v27/n02/coll01_.html">the original</a> on 2 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=London+Review+of+Books&rft.atitle=Our+Island+Story&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2005-01-20&rft.au=Stefan+Collini&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lrb.co.uk%2Fv27%2Fn02%2Fcoll01_.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADictionary+of+National+Biography" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVanessa_Thorpe2005" class="citation news cs1">Vanessa Thorpe (6 March 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://observer.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,6903,1431473,00.html">"At £7,500 for the set, you'd think they'd get their facts right"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080821215513/http://observer.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,6903,1431473,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Observer&rft.atitle=At+%C2%A37%2C500+for+the+set%2C+you%27d+think+they%27d+get+their+facts+right&rft.date=2005-03-06&rft.au=Vanessa+Thorpe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fobserver.guardian.co.uk%2Fuk_news%2Fstory%2F0%2C6903%2C1431473%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADictionary+of+National+Biography" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaven2007" class="citation journal cs1">Raven, James (2007). "The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: Dictionary or Encyclopaedia?". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Historical_Journal" title="The Historical Journal">The Historical Journal</a></i>. <b>50</b> (4): 991–1006. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0018246X07006474">10.1017/S0018246X07006474</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162650444">162650444</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Historical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography%3A+Dictionary+or+Encyclopaedia%3F&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=991-1006&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0018246X07006474&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162650444%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Raven&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADictionary+of+National+Biography" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150222022357/http://global.oup.com/oxforddnb/info/contact/press/3743987/">"David Cannadine is the new Editor of the Oxford DNB"</a>. OUP. 1 October 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://global.oup.com/oxforddnb/info/contact/press/3743987/">the original</a> on 22 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=David+Cannadine+is+the+new+Editor+of+the+Oxford+DNB&rft.date=2014-10-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglobal.oup.com%2Foxforddnb%2Finfo%2Fcontact%2Fpress%2F3743987%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADictionary+of+National+Biography" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee1898" class="citation book cs1">Lee, Sidney, ed. (1898). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati54stepuoft/"><i>Dictionary of national biography</i></a>. Vol. 54. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>: <a href="/wiki/Smith,_Elder_%26_Co." title="Smith, Elder & Co.">Smith, Elder & Co.</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+national+biography&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Smith%2C+Elder+%26+Co.&rft.date=1898&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdictionaryofnati54stepuoft%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADictionary+of+National+Biography" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dictionary_of_National_Biography&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/88/">Oxford DNB in The Wikipedia Library</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885%E2%80%931900" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885–1900"><i>Dictionary of National Biography</i>, 1885–1900</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/">Official website</a></span></span> (subscription required)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oup.com/oxforddnb/info/"><i>About the Oxford DNB</i>, Oxford University Press site</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~wjhonson/DNB/">Corrections to the <i>ODNB</i> submitted and peer-reviewed by members of soc.medieval/Gen-Med</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>DNB</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2000.01.0013"><i>Index and Epitome to the Dictionary of National Biography</i>, 1903, Perseus Digital Library</a></li> <li>"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Studies_of_a_Biographer/National_Biography" class="extiw" title="s:Studies of a Biographer/National Biography">National Biography</a>" in <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Stephen" title="Leslie Stephen">Leslie Stephen</a>'s <i>Studies of a Biographer</i>, vol. 1</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/metabook?id=dnb">Online volumes of the first and second series</a>, selected from <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a> and <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a> at <a href="/wiki/The_Online_Books_Page" class="mw-redirect" title="The Online Books Page">The Online Books Page</a>.</li></ul> <table align="center" class="wikitable"> <caption>The volumes of the first edition of the <i>Dictionary of National Biography</i> in various file formats in <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Internet_Archive" class="mw-redirect" title="The Internet Archive">the Internet Archive</a></span> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Volume</th> <th>Date</th> <th>From</th> <th>To</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati00leesuoft">Index and Epitome</a></td> <td>1903</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>The Index, with a summary for each entry. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionarynatio43stepgoog">Volume 1</a></td> <td>1885</td> <td>Abbadie</td> <td>Anne</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnat02stepuoft">Volume 2</a></td> <td>1885</td> <td>Anneslya</td> <td>Baird</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati03stepuoft">Volume 3</a></td> <td>1885</td> <td>Baker</td> <td>Beadon</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati04stepuoft">Volume 4</a></td> <td>1885</td> <td>Beal</td> <td>Biber</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati05stepuoft">Volume 5</a></td> <td>1886</td> <td>Bicheno</td> <td>Bottisham</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati06stepuoft">Volume 6</a></td> <td>1886</td> <td>Bottomley</td> <td>Browell</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati07stepuoft">Volume 7</a></td> <td>1886</td> <td>Brown</td> <td>Burthogge</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati08stepuoft">Volume 8</a></td> <td>1886</td> <td>Burton</td> <td>Cantwell</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionarynatio50stepgoog">Volume 9</a></td> <td>1887</td> <td>Canute</td> <td>Chaloner</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionarynatio30stepgoog">Volume 10</a></td> <td>1887</td> <td>Chamber</td> <td>Clarkson</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati11stepuoft">Volume 11</a></td> <td>1887</td> <td>Clater</td> <td>Condell</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati12stepuoft">Volume 12</a></td> <td>1887</td> <td>Conder</td> <td>Craigie</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati13stepuoft">Volume 13</a></td> <td>1888</td> <td>Craik</td> <td>Damer</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati14stepuoft">Volume 14</a></td> <td>1888</td> <td>Damon</td> <td>D'Eyncourt</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati15stepuoft">Volume 15</a></td> <td>1888</td> <td>Diamond</td> <td>Drake</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati16stepuoft">Volume 16</a></td> <td>1888</td> <td>Drant</td> <td>Edridge</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionarynatio21stepgoog">Volume 17</a></td> <td>1889</td> <td>Edward</td> <td>Erskine</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionarynatio23stepgoog">Volume 18</a></td> <td>1889</td> <td>Esdaile</td> <td>Finan</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati19stepuoft">Volume 19</a></td> <td>1889</td> <td>Finch</td> <td>Forman</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati20stepuoft">Volume 20</a></td> <td>1889</td> <td>Forest</td> <td>Garner</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati21stepuoft">Volume 21</a></td> <td>1890</td> <td>Garnett</td> <td>Gloucester</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati22stepuoft">Volume 22</a></td> <td>1890</td> <td>Glover</td> <td>Gravet</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati22lond">Volume 22 supplement</a></td> <td>1901</td> <td>Glover</td> <td>Gravet</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati23stepuoft">Volume 23</a></td> <td>1890</td> <td>Gray</td> <td>Haighton</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati25stepuoft">Volume 24</a></td> <td>1890</td> <td>Hailes</td> <td>Harriott</td> <td>Incorrectly labeled as Volume 25 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionarynatio51stepgoog">Volume 25</a></td> <td>1891</td> <td>Harris</td> <td>Henry I</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionarynatio46stepgoog">Volume 26</a></td> <td>1891</td> <td>Henry II</td> <td>Hindley</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionarynatio25stepgoog">Volume 27</a></td> <td>1891</td> <td>Hindmarsh</td> <td>Hovenden</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati28stepuoft">Volume 28</a></td> <td>1891</td> <td>Howard</td> <td>Inglethorp</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati29stepuoft">Volume 29</a></td> <td>1892</td> <td>Inglis</td> <td>John</td> <td>Truncated at p. 279, at Jeffreys G. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionarynatio54stepgoog">Volume 30</a></td> <td>1892</td> <td>Johnes</td> <td>Kenneth</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionarynatio47stepgoog">Volume 31</a></td> <td>1892</td> <td>Kennett</td> <td>Lambart</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati32stepuoft">Volume 32</a></td> <td>1892</td> <td>Lambre</td> <td>Leigh</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionarynatio24stepgoog">Volume 33</a></td> <td>1893</td> <td>Leighton</td> <td>Lluelyn</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionarynatio57stepgoog">Volume 34</a></td> <td>1893</td> <td>Llwyd</td> <td>MacCartney</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionarynatio35stepgoog">Volume 35</a></td> <td>1893</td> <td>MacCarwell</td> <td>Maltby</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati36stepuoft">Volume 36</a></td> <td>1893</td> <td>Malthus</td> <td>Mason</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati37stepuoft">Volume 37</a></td> <td>1894</td> <td>Masquerier</td> <td>Millyng</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati38stepuoft">Volume 38</a></td> <td>1894</td> <td>Milman</td> <td>More</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati39stepuoft">Volume 39</a></td> <td>1894</td> <td>Morehead</td> <td>Myles</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati40stepuoft">Volume 40</a></td> <td>1894</td> <td>Myllar</td> <td>Nichols</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati41stepuoft">Volume 41</a></td> <td>1895</td> <td>Nichols</td> <td>O'Dugan</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionarynatio37stepgoog">Volume 42</a></td> <td>1895</td> <td>O'Duinn</td> <td>Owen</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati43stepuoft">Volume 43</a></td> <td>1895</td> <td>Owens</td> <td>Passelewe</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati44stepuoft">Volume 44</a></td> <td>1895</td> <td>Paston</td> <td>Percy</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati45stepuoft">Volume 45</a></td> <td>1896</td> <td>Pereira</td> <td>Pochrich</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati46stepuoft">Volume 46</a></td> <td>1896</td> <td>Pocock</td> <td>Puckering</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati47stepuoft">Volume 47</a></td> <td>1896</td> <td>Puckle</td> <td>Reidfurd</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati48stepuoft">Volume 48</a></td> <td>1896</td> <td>Reily</td> <td>Robins</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati49stepuoft">Volume 49</a></td> <td>1897</td> <td>Robinson</td> <td>Russell</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati50stepuoft">Volume 50</a></td> <td>1897</td> <td>Russen</td> <td>Scobell</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati019324mbp">Volume 51</a></td> <td>1897</td> <td>Scoffin</td> <td>Sheares</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionarynatio01leegoog">Volume 52</a></td> <td>1897</td> <td>Shearman</td> <td>Smirke</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati019312mbp">Volume 53</a></td> <td>1898</td> <td>Smith</td> <td>Stanger</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati54stepuoft">Volume 54</a></td> <td>1898</td> <td>Stanhope</td> <td>Stovin</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati55stepuoft">Volume 55</a></td> <td>1898</td> <td>Stow</td> <td>Taylor</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati56stepuoft">Volume 56</a></td> <td>1898</td> <td>Teach</td> <td>Tollet</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati57stepuoft">Volume 57</a></td> <td>1899</td> <td>Tom</td> <td>Tytler</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati58stepuoft">Volume 58</a></td> <td>1899</td> <td>Ubaldini</td> <td>Wakefield</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati59stepuoft">Volume 59</a></td> <td>1899</td> <td>Wakeman</td> <td>Watkins</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati60stepuoft">Volume 60</a></td> <td>1899</td> <td>Watson</td> <td>Whewell</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati61stepuoft">Volume 61</a></td> <td>1900</td> <td>Whichcord</td> <td>Williams</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionarynatio13stepgoog">Volume 62</a></td> <td>1900</td> <td>Williamson</td> <td>Worden</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati63stepuoft">Volume 63</a></td> <td>1900</td> <td>Wordsworth</td> <td>Zuylestein</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">Supplementary volumes for the first edition </th></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati01leesuoft">Supplement Volume 1</a></td> <td>1901</td> <td>Abbott</td> <td>Childers</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati02leesuoft">Supplement Volume 2</a></td> <td>1901</td> <td>Chippendale</td> <td>Hoste</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/p3dictionaryofna01leesuoft">Supplement Volume 3</a></td> <td>1901</td> <td>How</td> <td>Woodward</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati00stepuoft">Errata</a></td> <td>1904</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">The volumes of the second edition at <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ozc8AAAAIAAJ">Volume 1</a></td> <td>1908</td> <td>Addadie</td> <td>Beadon</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2vo7AAAAIAAJ">Volume 2</a></td> <td>1908</td> <td>Beal</td> <td>Browell</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9AVbAAAAIAAJ">Volume 3</a></td> <td>1908</td> <td>Brown</td> <td>Chaloner</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BwtbAAAAIAAJ">Volume 4</a></td> <td>1908</td> <td>Chamber</td> <td>Craigie</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kiE8AAAAIAAJ">Volume 5</a></td> <td>1908</td> <td>Craik</td> <td>Drake</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IA5bAAAAIAAJ">Volume 6</a></td> <td>1908</td> <td>Drant</td> <td>Finan</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kiI8AAAAIAAJ">Volume 7</a></td> <td>1908</td> <td>Finch</td> <td>Gloucester</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LBFbAAAAIAAJ">Volume 8</a></td> <td>1908</td> <td>Glover</td> <td>Harriott</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0Cg8AAAAIAAJ">Volume 9</a></td> <td>1908</td> <td>Harris</td> <td>Hoveden</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eRhbAAAAIAAJ">Volume 10</a></td> <td>1908</td> <td>Howard</td> <td>Kenneth</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Gio8AAAAIAAJ">Volume 11</a></td> <td>1909</td> <td>Kennett</td> <td>Lluelyn</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Cys8AAAAIAAJ">Volume 12</a></td> <td>1909</td> <td>Llwyd</td> <td>Mason</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=phRbAAAAIAAJ">Volume 13</a></td> <td>1909</td> <td>Masquerier</td> <td>Myles</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pxpbAAAAIAAJ">Volume 14</a></td> <td>1909</td> <td>Myllar</td> <td>Owen</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zRBbAAAAIAAJ">Volume 15</a></td> <td>1909</td> <td>Owens</td> <td>Pockrich</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SCw8AAAAIAAJ">Volume 16</a></td> <td>1909</td> <td>Pockock</td> <td>Robins</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lC08AAAAIAAJ">Volume 17</a></td> <td>1909</td> <td>Robinson</td> <td>Sheares</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DC48AAAAIAAJ">Volume 18</a></td> <td>1909</td> <td>Shearman</td> <td>Stovin</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HBVbAAAAIAAJ">Volume 19</a></td> <td>1909</td> <td>Stow</td> <td>Tytler</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xS88AAAAIAAJ">Volume 20</a></td> <td>1909</td> <td>Ubaldini</td> <td>Whewell</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6SI8AAAAIAAJ">Volume 21</a></td> <td>1909</td> <td>Whichcord</td> <td>Zuylestein</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8iU8AAAAIAAJ">Volume 22</a></td> <td>1909</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">Supplementary volumes for the second edition </th></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pt1dictionaryofn02leesuoft">Second supplement Volume 1</a></td> <td>1912</td> <td>Abbey</td> <td>Eyre</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati02stepuoft">Second supplement Volume 2</a></td> <td>1912</td> <td>Faed</td> <td>Muybridge</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati23lees">Second supplement Volume 3</a></td> <td>1912</td> <td>Neil</td> <td>Young</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">Second series of supplementary volumes for the second edition </th></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=pst.000008631039&view=1up&seq=9&skin=2021">Second supplement</a></td> <td>1927</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Oxford_dictionaries_by_subject" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oxford_dictionaries_navbox" title="Template:Oxford dictionaries navbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Oxford_dictionaries_navbox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Oxford dictionaries navbox (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oxford_dictionaries_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oxford dictionaries navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Oxford_dictionaries_by_subject" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Oxford_dictionary_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Oxford dictionary (disambiguation)">Oxford dictionaries</a> by subject</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Concise_Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Concise Oxford English Dictionary">Concise Oxford English Dictionary</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Compact_Oxford_English_Dictionary_of_Current_English" title="Compact Oxford English Dictionary of Current English">Compact Oxford English Dictionary of Current English</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shorter_Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Shorter Oxford English Dictionary">Shorter Oxford English Dictionary</a></i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_English" title="Oxford Dictionary of English">Oxford Dictionary of English</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Corpus" title="Oxford English Corpus">Oxford English Corpus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Dictionary_of_English_Etymology" title="The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology">The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Advanced_Learner%27s_Dictionary" title="Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary">Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Dictionary_of_First_Names" title="A Dictionary of First Names">A Dictionary of First Names</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_American_Dictionary" title="Oxford American Dictionary">Oxford American Dictionary</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Oxford_American_Dictionary" title="New Oxford American Dictionary">New Oxford American Dictionary</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_American_Slang" title="Historical Dictionary of American Slang">Historical Dictionary of American Slang</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australian_English" title="Australian English">Australian English</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Oxford_Dictionary" title="Australian Oxford Dictionary">Australian Oxford Dictionary</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_English" title="Canadian English">Canadian English</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Oxford_Dictionary" title="Canadian Oxford Dictionary">Canadian Oxford Dictionary</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History" title="History">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Classical_Dictionary" title="Oxford Classical Dictionary">Oxford Classical Dictionary</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Dictionary_of_Late_Antiquity" title="The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity">The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Dictionary_of_the_Middle_Ages" title="The Oxford Dictionary of the Middle Ages">The Oxford Dictionary of the Middle Ages</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_Byzantium" title="Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium">Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Biography" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biography" title="Biography">Biography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dictionary of National Biography</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Concise_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="The Concise Dictionary of National Biography">The Concise Dictionary of National Biography</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_World_Religions" title="Oxford Dictionary of World Religions">Oxford Dictionary of World Religions</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_Saints" title="Oxford Dictionary of Saints">Oxford Dictionary of Saints</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Dictionary_of_Islam" title="The Oxford Dictionary of Islam">The Oxford Dictionary of Islam</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Latin_Dictionary" title="Oxford Latin Dictionary">Oxford Latin Dictionary</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Latin_Dictionary" title="A Latin Dictionary">A Latin Dictionary</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Medieval_Latin_from_British_Sources" title="Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources">Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Greek%E2%80%93English_Lexicon" title="A Greek–English Lexicon">A Greek–English Lexicon</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Oxford%E2%80%93Hachette_French_Dictionary" title="Oxford–Hachette French Dictionary">Oxford–Hachette French Dictionary</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Russian_Dictionary" title="Oxford Russian Dictionary">Oxford Russian Dictionary</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1210343#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1210343#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1210343#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/179269842">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4240970-6">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2003030610">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12149584v">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12149584v">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007590963305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/086267485">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dictionary_of_National_Biography&oldid=1244340118#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dictionary_of_National_Biography&oldid=1244340118#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Category:Dictionary of National Biography">Dictionary of National Biography</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1885_non-fiction_books" title="Category:1885 non-fiction books">1885 non-fiction books</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2004_non-fiction_books" title="Category:2004 non-fiction books">2004 non-fiction books</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_biographers" title="Category:British biographers">British biographers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_non-fiction_literature" title="Category:British non-fiction literature">British non-fiction literature</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Online_person_databases" title="Category:Online person databases">Online person databases</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Oxford_dictionaries" title="Category:Oxford dictionaries">Oxford dictionaries</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Oxford_University_Press_reference_books" title="Category:Oxford University Press reference books">Oxford University Press reference books</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_biographical_dictionaries" title="Category:British biographical dictionaries">British biographical dictionaries</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Book_series_introduced_in_1885" title="Category:Book series introduced in 1885">Book series introduced in 1885</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1911_Encyclopaedia_Britannica_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_August_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from August 2020">Use dmy dates from August 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_Oxford_spelling_from_April_2020" title="Category:Use Oxford spelling from April 2020">Use Oxford spelling from April 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing German-language text">Articles containing German-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_December_2021" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2021">Articles with unsourced statements from December 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Official_website_different_in_Wikidata_and_Wikipedia" title="Category:Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia">Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 6 September 2024, at 14:06<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dictionary_of_National_Biography&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-gxqwf","wgBackendResponseTime":157,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.566","walltime":"0.713","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1791,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":54167,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2341,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":3,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":52537,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 620.185 1 -total"," 29.98% 185.949 1 Template:Reflist"," 19.67% 121.995 1 Template:Lang"," 15.69% 97.336 1 Template:Cite_EB1911"," 13.97% 86.649 4 Template:Navbox"," 13.80% 85.611 1 Template:Oxford_dictionaries_navbox"," 12.27% 76.127 1 Template:Short_description"," 7.82% 48.503 2 Template:Pagetype"," 5.82% 36.078 1 Template:Fact"," 4.97% 30.816 1 Template:Fix"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.368","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":14844501,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-7556f8b5dd-qhh7s","timestamp":"20241122141957","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Dictionary of National Biography","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1210343","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1210343","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-05-23T11:10:26Z","dateModified":"2024-09-06T14:06:39Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/15\/Dictionary_of_National_Biography%2C_Volume_1%2C_title_page.jpg","headline":"multi-volume reference work"}</script> </body> </html>