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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Classification</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Classification-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Classification</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Langues_sinitiques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Langues_sinitiques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Langues sinitiques</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Langues_sinitiques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Langues_tibéto-birmanes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Langues_tibéto-birmanes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Langues tibéto-birmanes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Langues_tibéto-birmanes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Langues_arunachales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Langues_arunachales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Langues arunachales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Langues_arunachales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vocabulaire_comparé" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vocabulaire_comparé"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Vocabulaire comparé</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vocabulaire_comparé-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Connexions_proposées" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Connexions_proposées"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Connexions proposées</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Connexions_proposées-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Langues sino-tibétaines</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 104 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-104" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">104 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Tibettaanse_tale" title="Sino-Tibettaanse tale – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sino-Tibettaanse tale" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luengas_sino-tibetanas" title="Luengas sino-tibetanas – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Luengas sino-tibetanas" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لغات صينية تبتية – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغات صينية تبتية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="চীনা-তিব্বতীয় ভাষা – assamais" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="চীনা-তিব্বতীয় ভাষা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lling%C3%BCes_sino-tibetanes" title="Llingües sino-tibetanes – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llingües sino-tibetanes" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87in-Tibet_dill%C9%99ri" title="Çin-Tibet dilləri – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çin-Tibet dilləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AA_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="چین-تبت دیللری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="چین-تبت دیللری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%97nu-t%C4%97bet%C4%97itiu_kalbas" title="Kėnu-tėbetėitiu kalbas – samogitien" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kėnu-tėbetėitiu kalbas" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mga_tataramon_na_Sino-Tibetano" title="Mga tataramon na Sino-Tibetano – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Mga tataramon na Sino-Tibetano" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Сіна-тыбецкія мовы – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сіна-тыбецкія мовы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B1%D1%8D%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Сына-тыбэцкія мовы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сына-тыбэцкія мовы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Сино-тибетско езиково семейство – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сино-тибетско езиково семейство" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B9" title="চীনা-তিব্বতি ভাষাসমূহ – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চীনা-তিব্বতি ভাষাসমূহ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B" title="རྒྱ་བོད་སྐད་ཁོངས་ – tibétain" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རྒྱ་བོད་སྐད་ཁོངས་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibétain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yezho%C3%B9_sinek-tibetek" title="Yezhoù sinek-tibetek – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yezhoù sinek-tibetek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_sinotibetanes" title="Llengües sinotibetanes – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llengües sinotibetanes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1ng-C%C3%A2ung_ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84-hi%C3%AA" title="Háng-Câung ngṳ̄-hiê – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Háng-Câung ngṳ̄-hiê" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%86-%D8%AA%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="زمانەکانی سینۆ-تبیتی – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانەکانی سینۆ-تبیتی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinotibetsk%C3%A9_jazyky" title="Sinotibetské jazyky – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sinotibetské jazyky" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieithoedd_Sino-Tibetaidd" title="Ieithoedd Sino-Tibetaidd – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ieithoedd Sino-Tibetaidd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-tibetanske_sprog" title="Sino-tibetanske sprog – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sino-tibetanske sprog" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bon article"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinotibetische_Sprachen" title="Sinotibetische Sprachen – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sinotibetische Sprachen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C4%B1wan%C3%AA_%C3%87in-Tibeti" title="Zıwanê Çin-Tibeti – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Zıwanê Çin-Tibeti" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B8%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Σινοθιβετικές γλώσσες – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σινοθιβετικές γλώσσες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Sino-Tibetan languages" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88inotibeta_lingvaro" title="Ĉinotibeta lingvaro – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉinotibeta lingvaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguas_sino-tibetanas" title="Lenguas sino-tibetanas – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lenguas sino-tibetanas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiina-Tiibeti_keeled" title="Hiina-Tiibeti keeled – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hiina-Tiibeti keeled" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizkuntza_sino-tibetarrak" title="Hizkuntza sino-tibetarrak – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hizkuntza sino-tibetarrak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="زبان‌های چینی-تبتی – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان‌های چینی-تبتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinotiibetil%C3%A4iset_kielet" title="Sinotiibetiläiset kielet – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sinotiibetiläiset kielet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinotibeetisk_spriaken" title="Sinotibeetisk spriaken – frison septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Sinotibeetisk spriaken" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frison septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Tibetaanske_talen" title="Sino-Tibetaanske talen – frison occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sino-Tibetaanske talen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frison occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_sino-tibetanas" title="Linguas sino-tibetanas – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Linguas sino-tibetanas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87hengaghyn_Sheenagh-Tibetagh" title="Çhengaghyn Sheenagh-Tibetagh – mannois" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Çhengaghyn Sheenagh-Tibetagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mannois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hon-chh%C3%B4ng_Ng%C3%AE-h%C3%AC" title="Hon-chhông Ngî-hì – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Hon-chhông Ngî-hì" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95-%D7%98%D7%99%D7%91%D7%98%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="שפות סינו-טיבטיות – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שפות סינו-טיבטיות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="चीनी-तिब्बती भाषा-परिवार – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चीनी-तिब्बती भाषा-परिवार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_bhasa" title="Sino-Tibetan bhasa – hindi fidjien" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Sino-Tibetan bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi fidjien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinotibetski_jezici" title="Sinotibetski jezici – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sinotibetski jezici" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-tibeti_nyelvcsal%C3%A1d" title="Sino-tibeti nyelvcsalád – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sino-tibeti nyelvcsalád" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%A2%D5%A5%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Սինատիբեթյան լեզուներ – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սինատիբեթյան լեզուներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Sino-Tibet" title="Rumpun bahasa Sino-Tibet – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rumpun bahasa Sino-Tibet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasao_a_Sino-Tibetano" title="Sasao a Sino-Tibetano – ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Sasao a Sino-Tibetano" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADn%C3%B3-t%C3%ADbesk_tungum%C3%A1l" title="Sínó-tíbesk tungumál – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sínó-tíbesk tungumál" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingue_sinotibetane" title="Lingue sinotibetane – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingue sinotibetane" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BB%E3%83%81%E3%83%99%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" title="シナ・チベット語族 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シナ・チベット語族" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0-%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ჩინურ-ტიბეტური ენები – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩინურ-ტიბეტური ენები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF-%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81" title="ಚೀನಿ-ಟಿಬೆಟನ್ ಭಾಷೆಗಳು – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಚೀನಿ-ಟಿಬೆಟನ್ ಭಾಷೆಗಳು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD%ED%8B%B0%EB%B2%A0%ED%8A%B8%EC%96%B4%EC%A1%B1" title="중국티베트어족 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="중국티베트어족" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguae_Sinotibetanae" title="Linguae Sinotibetanae – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Linguae Sinotibetanae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_xinotibetan" title="Linguas xinotibetan – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Linguas xinotibetan" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Tibetaanse_spraoke" title="Sino-Tibetaanse spraoke – limbourgeois" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Sino-Tibetaanse spraoke" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limbourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengue_sino-tibetann-e" title="Lengue sino-tibetann-e – ligure" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengue sino-tibetann-e" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligure" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kin%C5%B3-tibetie%C4%8Di%C5%B3_kalbos" title="Kinų-tibetiečių kalbos – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kinų-tibetiečių kalbos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinotibetie%C5%A1u_valodas" title="Sinotibetiešu valodas – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sinotibetiešu valodas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianakaviam-piteny_sin%C3%B4-tibetana" title="Fianakaviam-piteny sinô-tibetana – malgache" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fianakaviam-piteny sinô-tibetana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Синотибетски јазици – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Синотибетски јазици" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8B-%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="സൈനോ-തിബെറ്റൻ ഭാഷകൾ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സൈനോ-തിബെറ്റൻ ഭാഷകൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4-%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%B2%D3%A9%D0%B4_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%83%D1%80" title="Хятад-Төвөд хэлний язгуур – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хятад-Төвөд хэлний язгуур" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B9" title="चिनी-तिबेटी भाषासमूह – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="चिनी-तिबेटी भाषासमूह" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa-bahasa_Sino-Tibet" title="Bahasa-bahasa Sino-Tibet – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa-bahasa Sino-Tibet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA-%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%97%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%BD%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="တရုတ်-တိဗက်နွယ် ဘာသာစကားများ – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တရုတ်-တိဗက်နွယ် ဘာသာစကားများ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="चिनियाँ तिब्बती भाषा परिवार – népalais" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="चिनियाँ तिब्बती भाषा परिवार" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="népalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Tibetaanse_talen" title="Sino-Tibetaanse talen – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sino-Tibetaanse talen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinotibetanske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Sinotibetanske språk – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sinotibetanske språk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-tibetanske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Sino-tibetanske språk – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sino-tibetanske språk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengas_sinotibetanas" title="Lengas sinotibetanas – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lengas sinotibetanas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%8B-%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82" title="ਸੀਨੋ-ਤਿੱਬਤੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ – pendjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੀਨੋ-ਤਿੱਬਤੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyki_chi%C5%84sko-tybeta%C5%84skie" title="Języki chińsko-tybetańskie – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Języki chińsko-tybetańskie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenghe_sino-tibetan-e" title="Lenghe sino-tibetan-e – piémontais" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenghe sino-tibetan-e" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piémontais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="چینی تبتی بولیاں – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چینی تبتی بولیاں" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADnguas_sino-tibetanas" title="Línguas sino-tibetanas – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Línguas sino-tibetanas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han-P%27ut%27_rimaykuna" title="Han-P'ut' rimaykuna – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Han-P'ut' rimaykuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbi_sino-tibetane" title="Limbi sino-tibetane – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limbi sino-tibetane" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Сино-тибетские языки – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сино-тибетские языки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%83" title="चीनी-तिब्बतीयभाषाः – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="चीनी-तिब्बतीयभाषाः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AA%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%BC%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B8%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%BD" title="ᱪᱤᱱᱟᱼᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱪᱤᱱᱟᱼᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-tibetski_jezici" title="Sino-tibetski jezici – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sino-tibetski jezici" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sino-Tibetan languages" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinotibetsk%C3%A9_jazyky" title="Sinotibetské jazyky – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sinotibetské jazyky" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitajsko-tibetanski_jeziki" title="Kitajsko-tibetanski jeziki – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kitajsko-tibetanski jeziki" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuh%C3%ABt_sino-tibetiane" title="Gjuhët sino-tibetiane – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuhët sino-tibetiane" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Сино-тибетски језици – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сино-тибетски језици" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetisk-chinesiske_Sproaken" title="Tibetisk-chinesiske Sproaken – saterlandais" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Tibetisk-chinesiske Sproaken" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinotibetanska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Sinotibetanska språk – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sinotibetanska språk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lugha_za_Kisino-Tibeti" title="Lugha za Kisino-Tibeti – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Lugha za Kisino-Tibeti" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="சீன-திபெத்திய மொழிகள் – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சீன-திபெத்திய மொழிகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D3%A3-%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D3%A3" title="Забонҳои чинӣ-тибетӣ – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забонҳои чинӣ-тибетӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99-%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" title="ตระกูลภาษาจีน-ทิเบต – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตระกูลภาษาจีน-ทิเบต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mga_wikang_Sino-Tibetano" title="Mga wikang Sino-Tibetano – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mga wikang Sino-Tibetano" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87in-Tibet_dilleri" title="Çin-Tibet dilleri – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çin-Tibet dilleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Сино-тибетські мови – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сино-тибетські мови" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%BA" title="چینی تبتی زبانیں – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چینی تبتی زبانیں" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xitoy-tibet_tillari" title="Xitoy-tibet tillari – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xitoy-tibet tillari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngue_sino-tibetane" title="Łéngue sino-tibetane – vénitien" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngue sino-tibetane" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vénitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%E1%BB%AF_h%E1%BB%87_H%C3%A1n-T%E1%BA%A1ng" title="Ngữ hệ Hán-Tạng – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ngữ hệ Hán-Tạng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famile_des_lingaedjes_sino-tibetins" title="Famile des lingaedjes sino-tibetins – wallon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Famile des lingaedjes sino-tibetins" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="wallon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="汉藏语系 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="汉藏语系" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0-%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ჩინურ-ტიბეტური ნინეფი – mingrélien" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჩინურ-ტიბეტური ნინეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrélien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Tibetaonse_taelen" title="Sino-Tibetaonse taelen – zélandais" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Sino-Tibetaonse taelen" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zélandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="汉藏语系 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="汉藏语系" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0n-Ch%C5%8Dng_g%C3%AD-h%C4%93" title="Hàn-Chōng gí-hē – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hàn-Chōng gí-hē" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" title="漢藏語系 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="漢藏語系" 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style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p><strong class="bandeau-titre">Cet article est une <a href="/wiki/Aide:%C3%89bauche" title="Aide:Ébauche">ébauche</a> concernant la <a href="/wiki/Linguistique" title="Linguistique">linguistique</a> et l’<a href="/wiki/Asie" title="Asie">Asie</a>.</strong> </p><p>Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (<b><a href="/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">comment ?</a></b>) selon les recommandations des <a href="/wiki/Projet:Accueil" title="Projet:Accueil">projets correspondants</a>. </p> </div></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox_v2 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="entete bd" style="background-color:#FF6347;color:black;">Langues sino-tibétaines<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r160408458">.mw-parser-output .entete.bd{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Picto_infobox_comicballoon.png")}</style> </td></tr> <tr><th scope="row">Région </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Asie_de_l%27Est" title="Asie de l'Est">Asie de l'Est</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indochine" title="Indochine">Indochine</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#FF6347; color:#000000">Classification par famille</th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><ul style="margin:0.1em 0;list-style:none;list-style-image:none; line-height:normal;text-align:left"> <li style="position:relative;margin:0.1em 0;margin-left:0.8em;line-height:normal;"><span style="position:absolute;left:-0.8em;color:#AAA">-</span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">langues sino-tibétaines</a><ul style="margin:0.1em 0;list-style:none;list-style-image:none; line-height:normal;text-align:left"> <li style="position:relative;margin:0.1em 0;margin-left:0.8em;line-height:normal;"><span style="position:absolute;left:-0.8em;color:#AAA">-</span> <a href="/wiki/Langues_sinitiques" class="mw-redirect" title="Langues sinitiques">langues sinitiques</a></li><li style="position:relative;margin:0.1em 0;margin-left:0.8em;line-height:normal;"><span style="position:absolute;left:-0.8em;color:#AAA">-</span> <a href="/wiki/Langues_tib%C3%A9to-birmanes" title="Langues tibéto-birmanes">langues tibéto-birmanes</a></li><li style="position:relative;margin:0.1em 0;margin-left:0.8em;line-height:normal;"><span style="position:absolute;left:-0.8em;color:#AAA">-</span> <a href="/wiki/Langues_arunashales" class="mw-redirect" title="Langues arunashales">langues arunashales</a>?</li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#FF6347; color:#000000">Codes de langue</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tiquette_d%27identification_de_langues_IETF" title="Étiquette d'identification de langues IETF">IETF</a> </th> <td><code>sit</code> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a></span> </th> <td><code>sit</code> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></span> </th> <td><code>sit</code> </td> </tr> <tr><th scope="row"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span> </th> <td><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=sit">sit</a></code> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Observatoire_linguistique" title="Observatoire linguistique"><i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Linguasphere</span></i></a> </th> <td><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hortensj-garden.org/index.php?tnc=1&tr=lsr&nid=79-">(phylozone) 79- (phylozone)</a></code> </td> </tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a> </th> <td><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/sino1245">sino1245</a></code> </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#FF6347; color:#000000">Carte</th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; line-height: 1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Major_Sino-Tibetan_groups.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Image illustrative de l’article Langues sino-tibétaines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Major_Sino-Tibetan_groups.png/280px-Major_Sino-Tibetan_groups.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Major_Sino-Tibetan_groups.png/420px-Major_Sino-Tibetan_groups.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Major_Sino-Tibetan_groups.png 2x" data-file-width="471" data-file-height="414" /></a></span> <br />Langues Sino-tibétaines (en couleur) :<br /> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r160408543">.mw-parser-output .legende-bloc-centre{display:table;margin:0 auto;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .legende-bloc ul li{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .legende-bloc-vertical ul li{list-style:none;margin:1px 0 0 -1.5em}.mw-parser-output .legende-bloc-vertical ul li li{list-style:none;margin:1px 0 0 -1.0em}</style><div class="legende-bloc legende-bloc-vertical"><ul> <li><span class="legende" style="border:1px solid gray; background:#e41a1c; margin-right:0.3em; vertical-align:middle; webkit-print-color-adjust:exact; color-adjust:exact; display:inline-block; width:1.3em; height:1.3em;"></span><a href="/wiki/Langues_chinoises" title="Langues chinoises">chinoises</a></li> <li><span class="legende" style="border:1px solid gray; background:#ffff33; margin-right:0.3em; vertical-align:middle; webkit-print-color-adjust:exact; color-adjust:exact; display:inline-block; width:1.3em; height:1.3em;"></span><a href="/wiki/Langues_tib%C3%A9tiques" title="Langues tibétiques">Tibétiques</a></li> <li><span class="legende" style="border:1px solid gray; background:#4daf4a; margin-right:0.3em; vertical-align:middle; webkit-print-color-adjust:exact; color-adjust:exact; display:inline-block; width:1.3em; height:1.3em;"></span><a href="/wiki/Langues_lolo-birmanes" title="Langues lolo-birmanes">Lolo-birmanes</a></li> <li><span class="legende" style="border:1px solid gray; background:#a65628; margin-right:0.3em; vertical-align:middle; webkit-print-color-adjust:exact; color-adjust:exact; display:inline-block; width:1.3em; height:1.3em;"></span><a href="/wiki/Langues_karens" title="Langues karens">Karènes</a></li> <li><span class="legende" style="border:1px solid gray; background:#ff7f00; margin-right:0.3em; vertical-align:middle; webkit-print-color-adjust:exact; color-adjust:exact; display:inline-block; width:1.3em; height:1.3em;"></span>Autres</li> </ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #FF6347 solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Langues_sino-tib%C3%A9taines&action=edit&section=0"><span class="infodoc">modifier</span></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Langue" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>Les <b>langues sino-tibétaines</b>, aussi appelées <b>langues trans-himalayennes</b> sont une <a href="/wiki/Famille_de_langues" title="Famille de langues">famille de langues</a> originaires d'<a href="/wiki/Asie" title="Asie">Asie</a> (<a href="/wiki/Asie_de_l%27Est" title="Asie de l'Est">Asie de l'Est</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asie_du_Sud-Est" title="Asie du Sud-Est">Asie du Sud-Est</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asie_centrale" title="Asie centrale">Asie centrale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asie_du_Sud" title="Asie du Sud">Asie du Sud</a>). Elle regroupe les <a href="/wiki/Langues_chinoises" title="Langues chinoises">langues chinoises</a> (10 langues et 1,35 milliard de <a href="/wiki/Locuteur" title="Locuteur">locuteurs</a>) et les <a href="/wiki/Langues_tib%C3%A9to-birmanes" title="Langues tibéto-birmanes">langues tibéto-birmanes</a> (330 langues pour 70 millions de locuteurs). </p><p>L'idée de ce groupement date de la fin du <abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle et les recherches sont encore balbutiantes. Le rapprochement se fait surtout entre les langues tibéto-birmanes et le <a href="/wiki/Chinois_archa%C3%AFque" title="Chinois archaïque">chinois archaïque</a>. </p><p>Le terme de « langues sino-tibétaines » est sujet à controverse par l'absence d'accord sur la structure de l'arbre (Van Driem), et par le manque de références écrites du <a href="/wiki/Tib%C3%A9tain_ancien" title="Tibétain ancien">tibétain ancien</a>, car si l'<a href="/wiki/Sinogramme" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinogramme">écriture chinoise</a> a plus de 3 500 ans, les écritures tibétaines n'en ont que 1 500, l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89criture_tib%C3%A9taine" class="mw-redirect" title="Écriture tibétaine">écriture tibétaine</a> ayant été créée au <a href="/wiki/VIIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="VIIe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="7ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">VII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</a>, par une adaptation du <a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">devanagari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alphasyllabaire" title="Alphasyllabaire">alphasyllabaire</a> indien. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Histoire">Histoire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_sino-tib%C3%A9taines&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Histoire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_sino-tib%C3%A9taines&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Histoire"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:The_origin_and_spread_of_the_Sino-Tibetan_language_family.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_origin_and_spread_of_the_Sino-Tibetan_language_family.png/220px-The_origin_and_spread_of_the_Sino-Tibetan_language_family.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_origin_and_spread_of_the_Sino-Tibetan_language_family.png/330px-The_origin_and_spread_of_the_Sino-Tibetan_language_family.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_origin_and_spread_of_the_Sino-Tibetan_language_family.png/440px-The_origin_and_spread_of_the_Sino-Tibetan_language_family.png 2x" data-file-width="2851" data-file-height="1910" /></a><figcaption>L'origine et la diffusion des langues sino-tibétaines. L'ovale rouge représente la fin des cultures Cishan et les premières cultures de Yangshao. Les flèches noires représentent les voies présumées de l'expansion non sinitique. Après avoir appliqué la méthode comparative linguistique à la base de données de données linguistiques comparatives développée par <a href="/wiki/Laurent_Sagart" title="Laurent Sagart">Laurent Sagart</a> en 2019 pour identifier des correspondances sonores et établir des apparentés, des méthodes phylogénétiques sont utilisées pour déduire des relations entre ces langues et estimer l'âge de leur origine et de leur patrie<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Au début du <abbr class="abbr" title="21ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">xxi</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle, deux théories contradictoires avaient cours<sup id="cite_ref-LaPolla2019_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaPolla2019-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> : </p> <ul><li>(majoritaire) la langue ancestrale (le proto-sino-tibétain) aurait son origine dans le nord de la <a href="/wiki/Chine" title="Chine">Chine</a> il y a 4 à 6 milliers d'années<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ;</li> <li>(minorité) elle serait apparue dans le sud-ouest de la Chine ou le nord-est de l'<a href="/wiki/Inde" title="Inde">Inde</a> il y a environ 9 000 ans<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <p>En 2019, une étude associant la <a href="/wiki/Linguistique" title="Linguistique">linguistique</a>, la <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique" title="Génétique">génétique</a> des locuteurs actuels, la <a href="/wiki/Bio-informatique" title="Bio-informatique">bio-informatique</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Arch%C3%A9ologie" title="Archéologie">archéologie</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Anthropologie" title="Anthropologie">anthropologie</a> et l'histoire de l'agriculture conclut que les langues sino-tibétaines sont nées dans le nord de la Chine il y a environ 5 900 ans<sup id="cite_ref-LaPolla2019_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaPolla2019-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Une autre étude suggère l'expansion des langues sino-tibétaines au néolithique depuis une communauté de cultivateurs de <a href="/wiki/Mil_(c%C3%A9r%C3%A9ale)" title="Mil (céréale)">mil</a> du nord de la Chine, il y a environ 7200 ans<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_sino-tib%C3%A9taines&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Classification" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_sino-tib%C3%A9taines&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Classification"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone"><span class="mw-valign-text-top noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Fairytale_warning.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/17px-Fairytale_warning.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/26px-Fairytale_warning.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/34px-Fairytale_warning.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell">Cette section est vide, insuffisamment détaillée ou incomplète. <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:EditPage/Langues_sino-tib%C3%A9taines" title="Spécial:EditPage/Langues sino-tibétaines">Votre aide</a> est la bienvenue pour ajouter l'historique des différentes classifications et les théories actuelles !</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Langues_sinitiques"><a href="/wiki/Langues_chinoises" title="Langues chinoises">Langues sinitiques</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_sino-tib%C3%A9taines&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Langues sinitiques" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_sino-tib%C3%A9taines&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Langues sinitiques"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinois_parl%C3%A9" title="Chinois parlé">Langues chinoises</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinois_archa%C3%AFque" title="Chinois archaïque">chinois archaïque</a>† <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinois_m%C3%A9di%C3%A9val" title="Chinois médiéval">chinois médiéval</a>† et <a href="/wiki/Chinois_classique" title="Chinois classique">chinois classique</a>† <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_chinoises_du_nord&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langues chinoises du nord (page inexistante)">langues chinoises du nord</a> ? <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_(langue)" title="Mandarin (langue)">mandarin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_du_Sud-Ouest" title="Mandarin du Sud-Ouest">mandarin du Sud-Ouest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_du_Nord-Est" title="Mandarin du Nord-Est">mandarin du Nord-Est</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_de_P%C3%A9kin" title="Mandarin de Pékin">pékinois</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_standard" title="Mandarin standard">mandarin standard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jilu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jilu (page inexistante)">jilu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiaoliao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiaoliao (page inexistante)">jiaoliao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_zhongyuan" title="Mandarin zhongyuan">zhongyuan</a> du <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">shaanxi</a> et <a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou">lanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_lanyin" title="Mandarin lanyin">lanyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_jianghuai" title="Mandarin jianghuai">jianghuai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinyu" title="Jinyu">langues jin</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanxien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shanxien (page inexistante)">shanxien</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%BCliang_(langue)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lüliang (langue) (page inexistante)">lüliang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shangdang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shangdang (page inexistante)">shangdang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wutai_(langue)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wutai (langue) (page inexistante)">wutai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Da-bao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Da-bao (page inexistante)">da-bao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhang-hu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhang-hu (page inexistante)">zhang-hu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Han-xin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Han-xin (page inexistante)">han-xin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhi-yan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhi-yan (page inexistante)">zhi-yan</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_gan-hakka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langues gan-hakka (page inexistante)">langues gan-hakka</a> ? <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gan_(langue)" title="Gan (langue)">gan</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chang-Du&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chang-Du (page inexistante)">chang-du</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Da-Tong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Da-Tong (page inexistante)">da-tong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yi-Liu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yi-Liu (page inexistante)">yi-liu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ji-Cha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ji-Cha (page inexistante)">ji-cha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fu-Guang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fu-Guang (page inexistante)">fu-guang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ying-Yi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ying-Yi (page inexistante)">ying-yi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lei-Zi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lei-Zi (page inexistante)">lei-zi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dong-Sui&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dong-Sui (page inexistante)">dong-sui</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huai-Yue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huai-Yue (page inexistante)">huai-yue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_(langue)" title="Hakka (langue)">hakka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_chinoises_centrales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langues chinoises centrales (page inexistante)">langues chinoises centrales</a> ? <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wu_(langue)" title="Wu (langue)">langues wu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wenzhou_(langue)" title="Wenzhou (langue)">wenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_wu_du_nord&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langues wu du nord (page inexistante)">langues wu du nord</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_wu_centrales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langues wu centrales (page inexistante)">langues wu centrales</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shangha%C3%AFen" title="Shanghaïen">shanghaïen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ta%C3%AFzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taïzhou (page inexistante)">taïzhou</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_wu_du_sud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langues wu du sud (page inexistante)">langues wu du sud</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chu-qu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chu-qu (page inexistante)">chu-qu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wuzhou_(langue)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wuzhou (langue) (page inexistante)">wuzhou</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xuanzhou_(langue)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xuanzhou (langue) (page inexistante)">xuanzhou</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hui_(langue)" title="Hui (langue)">huizhou</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ji%E2%80%93She&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ji–She (page inexistante)">ji–she</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiu%E2%80%93Yi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xiu–Yi (page inexistante)">xiu–yi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qi%E2%80%93De&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qi–De (page inexistante)">qi–de</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yanzhou_(langue)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yanzhou (langue) (page inexistante)">yanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jing%E2%80%93zhan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jing–zhan (page inexistante)">jing–zhan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiang_(langue)" title="Xiang (langue)">xiang</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hunanais_(langue)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hunanais (langue) (page inexistante)">hunanais</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lou-shao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lou-shao (page inexistante)">lou-shao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chen-xu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chen-xu (page inexistante)">chen-xu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hengzhou_(langue)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hengzhou (langue) (page inexistante)">hengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yong-quan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yong-quan (page inexistante)">yong-quan</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_chinoises_du_sud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langues chinoises du sud (page inexistante)">langues chinoises du sud</a> ? <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantonais" title="Cantonais">langues yue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantonais" title="Cantonais">cantonais</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taishanais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taishanais (page inexistante)">taïshanais</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yong-xun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yong-xun (page inexistante)">yong-xun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goulou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goulou (page inexistante)">goulou</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luo-guang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luo-guang (page inexistante)">luo-guang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gao-yang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gao-yang (page inexistante)">gao-yang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qin-lian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qin-lian (page inexistante)">qin-lian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wu-hua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wu-hua (page inexistante)">wu-hua</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinghua" title="Pinghua">langues pinghua</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ping_du_nord&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ping du nord (page inexistante)">ping du nord</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ping_du_sud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ping du sud (page inexistante)">ping du sud</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_(langue)" title="Min (langue)">langues min</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_min_int%C3%A9rieures&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langues min intérieures (page inexistante)">langues min intérieures</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minbei" title="Minbei">min du nord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minzhong" title="Minzhong">min central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaojiang" title="Shaojiang">shao-jiang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_min_costales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langues min costales (page inexistante)">langues min costales</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mindong" title="Mindong">min de l'est</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puxian" title="Puxian">pu-xian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnan" title="Minnan">langues minnan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" class="mw-redirect" title="Hokkien">hokkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teochew_(dialecte)" title="Teochew (dialecte)">chaoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Longyan_(langue)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Longyan (langue) (page inexistante)">longyan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhenan_Min&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhenan Min (page inexistante)">zhenan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Datien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Datien (page inexistante)">datien</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhongshan_(langue)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhongshan (langue) (page inexistante)">zhongshan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_qiong-lei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langues qiong-lei (page inexistante)">langues qiong-lei</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leizhou_(langue)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leizhou (langue) (page inexistante)">leizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainanais" title="Hainanais">haïnanais</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ba-shu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ba-shu (page inexistante)">ba-shu</a>† <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mindjiang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mindjiang (page inexistante)">mindjiang</a> (?)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vieux_wu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vieux wu (page inexistante)">vieux wu</a>†</li></ul></li> <li>(non-classé) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shaozhou_tuhua" title="Shaozhou tuhua">shaozhou tuhua</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Badong_yao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Badong yao (page inexistante)">badong yao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danzhouhua" title="Danzhouhua">danzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jundjia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jundjia (page inexistante)">jundjia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingling_(langue)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lingling (langue) (page inexistante)">lingling</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%C3%AF_(langue)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maï (langue) (page inexistante)">maï</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=She_(langue)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="She (langue) (page inexistante)">she</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waxiang" title="Waxiang">waxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yeheni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yeheni (page inexistante)">yeheni</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_grand-ba%C3%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langues grand-baï (page inexistante)">Langues grand-baï</a> ? <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bai_(langue)" title="Bai (langue)">baï</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_ca%C3%AF-long&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langues caï-long (page inexistante)">langues caï-long</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ca%C3%AFdjia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caïdjia (page inexistante)">caïdjia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Longdjia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Longdjia (page inexistante)">longdjia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luren (page inexistante)">luren</a>†</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Langues_tibéto-birmanes"><span id="Langues_tib.C3.A9to-birmanes"></span><a href="/wiki/Langues_tib%C3%A9to-birmanes" title="Langues tibéto-birmanes">Langues tibéto-birmanes</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_sino-tib%C3%A9taines&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Langues tibéto-birmanes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_sino-tib%C3%A9taines&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Langues tibéto-birmanes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_tib%C3%A9to-birmanes_occidentales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langues tibéto-birmanes occidentales (page inexistante)">Langues tibéto-birmanes occidentales</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_grand-bodiques&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langues grand-bodiques (page inexistante)">langues grand-bodiques</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_bodiques" title="Langues bodiques">langues bodiques</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_tib%C3%A9tiques" title="Langues tibétiques">langues tibétiques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langues_bodiques_orientales" title="Langues bodiques orientales">langues bodiques orientales</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%27Ole_(langue)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="'Ole (langue) (page inexistante)">'Ole</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_himalayiennes_occidentales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langues himalayiennes occidentales (page inexistante)">langues himalayiennes occidentales</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_tamangiques&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langues tamangiques (page inexistante)">langues tamangiques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tshangla" title="Tshangla">tshangla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_mahakiranti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langues mahakiranti (page inexistante)">langues mahakiranti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gongduk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gongduk (page inexistante)">gongduk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_grand-magariques&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langues grand-magariques (page inexistante)">langues grand-magariques</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nam_(langue)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nam (langue) (page inexistante)">nam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_tib%C3%A9to-birmanes_centrales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langues tibéto-birmanes centrales (page inexistante)">Langues tibéto-birmanes centrales</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_sal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langues sal (page inexistante)">langues sal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyu_(langue)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyu (langue) (page inexistante)">pyu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_lushai-naga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langues lushai-naga (page inexistante)">langues lushai-naga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_tib%C3%A9to-birmanes_orientales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langues tibéto-birmanes orientales (page inexistante)">Langues tibéto-birmanes orientales</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_birmano-qianguiques" title="Langues birmano-qianguiques">langues birmano-quianguiques</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_lolo-birmanes" title="Langues lolo-birmanes">langues lolo-birmanes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_lolo-birmanes" title="Langues lolo-birmanes">langues lolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langues_birmanes" title="Langues birmanes">langues birmanes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langues_na-qianguiques" title="Langues na-qianguiques">langues na-quianguiques</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_na%C3%AFques&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langues naïques (page inexistante)">langues naïques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langues_qianguiques" title="Langues qianguiques">langues quianguiques</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_ersuiques&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langues ersuiques (page inexistante)">langues ersuiques</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langues_karens" title="Langues karens">langues karéniques</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_nungiques&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langues nungiques (page inexistante)">langues nungiques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tujia" title="Tujia">tujia</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Langues_arunachales"><a href="/wiki/Langues_arunachales" title="Langues arunachales">Langues arunachales</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_sino-tib%C3%A9taines&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Langues arunachales" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_sino-tib%C3%A9taines&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Langues arunachales"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ces langues, parlées dans l'<a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunashal Pradesh</a> (en Inde), sont traditionnellement considérées comme faisant partie de la famille sino-tibétaine. Cependant, il se peut que les ressemblances soient le résultat d'influences mutuelles (<a href="/wiki/Aire_linguistique" title="Aire linguistique">Sprachbund</a>), donc ces langues pourraient constituer des familles de langues et des <a href="/wiki/Isolat_(linguistique)" title="Isolat (linguistique)">isolats linguistiques</a> indépendants. Blench (2011) a proposé 4 isolats (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hruso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hruso (page inexistante)">Hruso</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Miji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miji (page inexistante)">Miji</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Miju&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miju (page inexistante)">Miju</a>, et <a href="/w/index.php?title=Puroik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Puroik (page inexistante)">Puroik</a>) et 3 familles linguistiques (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_mishmiques&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langues mishmiques (page inexistante)">langues mishmiques</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_kamengiques&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langues kamengiques (page inexistante)">kamengiques</a>, et <a href="/wiki/Langues_siangiques" title="Langues siangiques">siangiques</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, tandis qu'Anderson (2014) (entre autres) soutient qu'elles appartiennent bien aux langues sino-tibétaines<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_Grand-Siangiques&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langues Grand-Siangiques (page inexistante)">langues grand-siangiques</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_siangiques" title="Langues siangiques">langues siangiques</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koro_(langue_tib%C3%A9to-birmane)" title="Koro (langue tibéto-birmane)">koro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milang_(langue)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milang (langue) (page inexistante)">milang</a></li></ul></li> <li>langues digaro <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idu_(langue)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Idu (langue) (page inexistante)">idu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digaro-mishmi" title="Digaro-mishmi">taraon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_pr%C3%A9-tani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langues pré-tani (page inexistante)">langues pré-tani</a> <ul><li>?<a href="/wiki/Langue_morte" title="Langue morte">†</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>langues hrusiennes? <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hruso_(langue)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hruso (langue) (page inexistante)">hruso</a></li> <li>langues miji <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bangru (page inexistante)">bangru</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miji_oriental&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miji oriental (page inexistante)">miji oriental</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miji_occidental&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miji occidental (page inexistante)">miji occidental</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>langues kho-bwa <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puroik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Puroik (page inexistante)">puroik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bugun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bugun (page inexistante)">bugun</a></li> <li>langues kho-bwa occidentales <ul><li>langues mey-sartang <ul><li>langues mey <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shergaon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shergaon (page inexistante)">shergaon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rupa_(langue)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rupa (langue) (page inexistante)">rupa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sartang_(langue)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sartang (langue) (page inexistante)">sartang</a></li></ul></li> <li>langues chug-lish <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lish (page inexistante)">lish</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chug&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chug (page inexistante)">chug</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>langues miju <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miju&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miju (page inexistante)">miju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meyor" title="Meyor">meyor</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vocabulaire_comparé"><span id="Vocabulaire_compar.C3.A9"></span>Vocabulaire comparé</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_sino-tib%C3%A9taines&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Vocabulaire comparé" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_sino-tib%C3%A9taines&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Vocabulaire comparé"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone"><span class="mw-valign-text-top noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Fairytale_warning.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/17px-Fairytale_warning.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/26px-Fairytale_warning.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/34px-Fairytale_warning.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell">Cette section est vide, insuffisamment détaillée ou incomplète. <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:EditPage/Langues_sino-tib%C3%A9taines" title="Spécial:EditPage/Langues sino-tibétaines">Votre aide</a> est la bienvenue pour donner le vocabulaire de base (pronoms, parties du corps, numéraux) dans les langues principales et les éventuelles proto-langues !</div></div> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"> <caption>Adjectif numéraux sino-tibétain </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>gloss </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Chinois_archa%C3%AFque" title="Chinois archaïque">chinois archaïque</a><sup id="cite_ref-Baxter1992_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baxter1992-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Tib%C3%A9tain_ancien" title="Tibétain ancien">tibétain ancien</a><sup id="cite_ref-Hill2012_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hill2012-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Ancien_birman" title="Ancien birman">Birman ancien</a><sup id="cite_ref-Hill2012_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hill2012-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Jingpho" class="mw-redirect" title="Jingpho">Jingpho</a><sup id="cite_ref-Burling198328_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burling198328-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Garo_(langue)" title="Garo (langue)">Garo</a><sup id="cite_ref-Burling198328_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burling198328-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Limbou_(langue)" title="Limbou (langue)">Limbou</a><sup id="cite_ref-van_Driem198732–33_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-van_Driem198732–33-14"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>14<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinnauri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kinnauri (page inexistante)">Kinnauri</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinnauri_language" class="extiw" title="en:Kinnauri language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Kinnauri language »">(en)</span></a><sup id="cite_ref-Sharma1988116_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sharma1988116-15"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">un </td> <td><a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80" class="extiw" title="wikt:一">一</a> *ʔjit</td> <td>–</td> <td>ac</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>id </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%9A%BB" class="extiw" title="wikt:隻">隻</a> *tjek seul</td> <td>gcig</td> <td>tac</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>thik</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td>deux</td> <td><a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8C" class="extiw" title="wikt:二">二</a> *njijs</td> <td>gnyis</td> <td>nhac</td> <td>–</td> <td>gin-i</td> <td>nɛtchi</td> <td>niš </td></tr> <tr> <td>trois</td> <td><a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89" class="extiw" title="wikt:三">三</a> *sum</td> <td>gsum</td> <td>sumḥ</td> <td>mə̀sūm</td> <td>git-tam</td> <td>sumsi</td> <td>sum </td></tr> <tr> <td>quatre</td> <td><a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9B" class="extiw" title="wikt:四">四</a> *sjijs</td> <td>bzhi</td> <td>liy</td> <td>mə̀lī</td> <td>bri</td> <td>lisi</td> <td>pə: </td></tr> <tr> <td>cinq</td> <td><a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BA%94" class="extiw" title="wikt:五">五</a> *ŋaʔ</td> <td>lnga</td> <td>ṅāḥ</td> <td>mə̀ŋā</td> <td>boŋ-a</td> <td>nasi</td> <td>ṅa </td></tr> <tr> <td>six</td> <td><a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%85%AD" class="extiw" title="wikt:六">六</a> *C-rjuk</td> <td>drug</td> <td>khrok</td> <td>krúʔ</td> <td>dok</td> <td>tuksi</td> <td>țuk </td></tr> <tr> <td>sept</td> <td><a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%83" class="extiw" title="wikt:七">七</a> *tsʰjit</td> <td>–</td> <td>khu-nac</td> <td>sə̀nìt</td> <td>sin-i</td> <td>nusi</td> <td>štiš </td></tr> <tr> <td>huit</td> <td><a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%85%AB" class="extiw" title="wikt:八">八</a> *pret</td> <td>brgyad</td> <td>rhac</td> <td>mə̀tshát</td> <td>cet</td> <td>yɛtchi</td> <td>rəy </td></tr> <tr> <td>neuf</td> <td><a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B9%9D" class="extiw" title="wikt:九">九</a> *kjuʔ</td> <td>dgu</td> <td>kuiḥ</td> <td>cə̀khù</td> <td>sku</td> <td>–</td> <td>sgui </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">dix </td> <td><a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8D%81" class="extiw" title="wikt:十">十</a> *gjəp</td> <td>–</td> <td>kip<sup id="cite_ref-Yanson2006106_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yanson2006106-16"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>16<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>gip</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td>–</td> <td>bcu</td> <td>chay</td> <td>shī</td> <td>ci-kuŋ</td> <td>–</td> <td>səy </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Connexions_proposées"><span id="Connexions_propos.C3.A9es"></span>Connexions proposées</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_sino-tib%C3%A9taines&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Connexions proposées" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_sino-tib%C3%A9taines&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Connexions proposées"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le chercheur <a href="/wiki/Laurent_Sagart" title="Laurent Sagart">Laurent Sagart</a> propose d'inclure dans un ensemble « <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinotib%C3%A9tain-austron%C3%A9sien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinotibétain-austronésien (page inexistante)">sinotibétain-austronésien</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Austronesian_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Sino-Austronesian languages"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Sino-Austronesian languages »">(en)</span></a> » (STAN) les langues sinotibétaines d'une part, et les langues <a href="/wiki/Langues_austron%C3%A9siennes" title="Langues austronésiennes">austronésiennes</a> (dans lesquelles il propose d'inclure les <a href="/wiki/Langues_tai-kadai" class="mw-redirect" title="Langues tai-kadai">langues tai-kadai</a>) d'autre part. Les langues austronésiennes, dont l'aire d'extension est exceptionnelle (de Madagascar jusqu'à l'île de Pâques) sont toutes originaires de Taïwan. </p><p>Des langues telles que le vietnamien (<a href="/wiki/Langues_austroasiatiques" title="Langues austroasiatiques">austroasiatique</a>) ont acquis des mots communs, par emprunt, du fait de sa proximité et de son intégration temporaire à l'empire chinois ; au-delà de ces emprunts, une origine commune a été avancée, mais reste hypothétique (conjecture « est-asienne » de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Starosta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanley Starosta (page inexistante)">Starosta</a>-Sagart). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_sino-tib%C3%A9taines&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_sino-tib%C3%A9taines&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="SagartJacquesLaiRyder2019"><span class="ouvrage" id="Laurent_SagartGuillaume_JacquesYunfan_LaiRobin_J._Ryder2019"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Laurent <span class="nom_auteur">Sagart</span>, Guillaume <span class="nom_auteur">Jacques</span>, Yunfan <span class="nom_auteur">Lai</span> et Robin J. <span class="nom_auteur">Ryder</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Dated language phylogenies shed light on the ancestry of Sino-Tibetan</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 116, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 21,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2019-05-21" data-sort-value="2019-05-21">21 mai 2019</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">10317–10322</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/0027-8424">0027-8424</a></span> et <span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/1091-6490">1091-6490</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31061123">31061123</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1817972116">10.1073/pnas.1817972116</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/21/10317">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-10-17" data-sort-value="2021-10-17">17 octobre 2021</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Dated+language+phylogenies+shed+light+on+the+ancestry+of+Sino-Tibetan&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issue=21&rft.aulast=Sagart&rft.aufirst=Laurent&rft.au=Jacques%2C+Guillaume&rft.au=Lai%2C+Yunfan&rft.au=Ryder%2C+Robin+J.&rft.date=2019-05-21&rft.volume=116&rft.pages=10317%E2%80%9310322&rft.issn=0027-8424&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.1817972116&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31061123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ALangues+sino-tib%C3%A9taines"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LaPolla2019-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-LaPolla2019_2-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-LaPolla2019_2-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="LaPolla2019"><span class="ouvrage" id="Randy_J._LaPolla2019"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Randy J. LaPolla, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">The origin and spread of the Sino-Tibetan language family</cite> », <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(revue)" title="Nature (revue)"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Nature</span></a></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 569,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2019-04-24" data-sort-value="2019-04-24">24 avril 2019</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">45-47</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-01214-6">10.1038/d41586-019-01214-6</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+origin+and+spread+of+the+Sino-Tibetan+language+family&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.aulast=LaPolla&rft.aufirst=Randy+J.&rft.date=2019-04-24&rft.volume=569&rft.pages=45-47&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fd41586-019-01214-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ALangues+sino-tib%C3%A9taines"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="LaPolla2001"><span class="ouvrage" id="R._J._LaPolla2001"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> R. J. LaPolla, <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">« The role of migration and language contact in the development of the Sino-Tibetan language family »</cite>, dans A. Y. Aikhenvald et R. M. W. Dixon, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Areal Diffusion and Genetic Inheritance: Problems in Comparative Linguistics</cite>, Oxford University Press, <time>2001</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">225-254</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Areal+Diffusion+and+Genetic+Inheritance%3A+Problems+in+Comparative+Linguistics&rft.atitle=The+role+of+migration+and+language+contact+in+the+development+of+the+Sino-Tibetan+language+family&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.aulast=LaPolla&rft.aufirst=R.+J.&rft.date=2001&rft.pages=225-254&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ALangues+sino-tib%C3%A9taines"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bradley2018"><span class="ouvrage" id="D._Bradley2018"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> D. Bradley, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Subgrouping of the Sino-Tibetan languages</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">10<sup>th</sup> International Conference on Evolutionary Linguistics</span></i>, Université de Nanjing,‎ <time>2018</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/38038379/Subgrouping_of_the_Sino-Tibetan_languages">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Subgrouping+of+the+Sino-Tibetan+languages&rft.jtitle=10th+International+Conference+on+Evolutionary+Linguistics&rft.aulast=Bradley&rft.aufirst=D.&rft.date=2018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ALangues+sino-tib%C3%A9taines"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="van_Driem2014"><span class="ouvrage" id="G._van_Driem2014"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> G. van Driem, <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">« Trans-Himalayan »</cite>, dans T. Owen-Smith et N. W. Hill, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Trans-Himalayan Linguistics. Historical and descriptive linguistics of the Himalayan area</cite>, de Gruyter, <time>2014</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.himalayanlanguages.org/files/driem/pdfs/2014a.pdf">lire en ligne</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-pdf" title="Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF) d'Adobe">[PDF]</abbr>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">11-40</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Trans-Himalayan+Linguistics.+Historical+and+descriptive+linguistics+of+the+Himalayan+area&rft.atitle=Trans-Himalayan&rft.pub=de+Gruyter&rft.au=G.+van+Driem&rft.date=2014&rft.pages=11-40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ALangues+sino-tib%C3%A9taines"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="LaPolla2016"><span class="ouvrage" id="R._J._LaPolla2016"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> R. J. LaPolla, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Once again on methodology and argumentation in linguistics. Problems with the arguments for recasting Sino-Tibetan as “Trans-Himalayan”</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 39,‎ <time>2016</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">282-297</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ltba.39.2.03lap">10.1075/ltba.39.2.03lap</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Once+again+on+methodology+and+argumentation+in+linguistics.+Problems+with+the+arguments+for+recasting+Sino-Tibetan+as+%E2%80%9CTrans-Himalayan%E2%80%9D&rft.jtitle=Linguistics+of+the+Tibeto-Burman+Area&rft.aulast=LaPolla&rft.aufirst=R.+J.&rft.date=2016&rft.volume=39&rft.pages=282-297&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1075%2Fltba.39.2.03lap&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ALangues+sino-tib%C3%A9taines"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="ZhangYanPanJin2019"><span class="ouvrage" id="Menghan_ZhangShi_YanWuyun_PanLi_Jin2019"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Menghan Zhang, Shi Yan, Wuyun Pan et Li Jin, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Phylogenetic evidence for Sino-Tibetan origin in northern China in the Late Neolithic</cite> », <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(revue)" title="Nature (revue)"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Nature</span></a></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 569,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2019-04-24" data-sort-value="2019-04-24">24 avril 2019</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">112-115</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1153-z">10.1038/s41586-019-1153-z</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Phylogenetic+evidence+for+Sino-Tibetan+origin+in+northern+China+in+the+Late+Neolithic&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Menghan&rft.au=Shi+Yan&rft.au=Wuyun+Pan&rft.au=Li+Jin&rft.date=2019-04-24&rft.volume=569&rft.pages=112-115&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41586-019-1153-z&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ALangues+sino-tib%C3%A9taines"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Sagart" title="Laurent Sagart">Laurent Sagart</a> <i><abbr class="abbr" title="et alii (« et d’autres »)" lang="la">et al.</abbr></i>, <i>Dated language phylogenies shed light on the ancestry of Sino-Tibetan</i> <small class="plainlinks noarchive"><a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1817972116">10.1073/pnas.1817972116</a></small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130526230734/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/South%20Asia/NEI/General/Lingres/Declassifying%20Arunachal.pdf">https://web.archive.org/web/20130526230734/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/South%20Asia/NEI/General/Lingres/Declassifying%20Arunachal.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Anderson, Gregory D.S. 2014. <i>On the classification of the Hruso (Aka) language</i>. Paper presented at the 20th Himalayan Languages Symposium, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baxter1992-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Baxter1992_11-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Baxter1992">Baxter (1992)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hill2012-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Hill2012_12-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Hill2012_12-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Hill2012">Hill (2012)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burling198328-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Burling198328_13-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Burling198328_13-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Burling1983">Burling (1983)</a>, p. 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-van_Driem198732–33-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-van_Driem198732–33_14-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#van_Driem1987">van Driem (1987)</a>, p. 32–33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sharma1988116-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Sharma1988116_15-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Sharma1988">Sharma (1988)</a>, p. 116.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yanson2006106-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Yanson2006106_16-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Yanson2006">Yanson (2006)</a>, p. 106.</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_sino-tib%C3%A9taines&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_sino-tib%C3%A9taines&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_sino-tib%C3%A9taines&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_sino-tib%C3%A9taines&action=edit&section=10" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linguistique" title="Linguistique">linguistique</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_langues" title="Liste de langues">liste de langues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_par_famille" title="Langues par famille">langues par famille</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_par_famille#Langues_sino-tibétaines" title="Langues par famille">Liste des langues sino-tibétaines</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conf%C3%A9rence_internationale_sur_les_langues_et_la_linguistique_sino-tib%C3%A9taines" title="Conférence internationale sur les langues et la linguistique sino-tibétaines">Conférence internationale sur les langues et la linguistique sino-tibétaines</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_sino-tib%C3%A9taines&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_sino-tib%C3%A9taines&action=edit&section=11" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers"><a href="/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l%27information)" title="Autorité (sciences de l'information)">Notices d'autorité</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45961?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119801134">BnF</a></span> (<span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119801134">données</a></span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/027847403">IdRef</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85122925">LCCN</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4120360-4">GND</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00571002">Japon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007546146305171">Israël</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/ph119247">Tchéquie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/sino1245">Glottocode</a></span></li> </ul></div></li> <li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers">Notices dans des dictionnaires ou encyclopédies généralistes<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45961?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur 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href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/langues-sino-tibetaines/"><i>Universalis</i></a></li> </ul></div></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stedt.berkeley.edu/">STEDT, le dictionnaire étymologique et thésaurus Sino-Tibetan</a> de l'université de Berkeley.</li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : français">(fr)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://crlao.ehess.fr/document.php?id=489">Opération de recherche « Le chinois archaique et son contexte est-asiatique »</a> sur l'école des hautes études en sciences sociales (ehess.fr), centre des recherches linguistiques sur l'Asie Orientale.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/2261533/La_morphologie_du_sino-tibetain">La morphologie du sino-tibétain</a></li></ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span 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