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egovernment</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: egovernment"> <meta name="keywords" content="egovernment"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="egovernment"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 7</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: egovernment</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> The Egyptian eGovernment Journey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Abdelsattar%20Elshabrawy">Ali Abdelsattar Elshabrawy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Egyptian government is struggling to build it's eGovernment project. They succeeded to build the Egyptian digital portal, which contain links for number of services provided by different ministries. For achieving such success, their are requirements necessary to build such a project such as: internet dissemination, IT literacy, Strategy, disqualification of paper based services. This paper is going to clarify the main obstacles to the Egyptian eGovernment project from both the supply and demand sides. Also will clarify the most critical requirements in this phase of the project lifecycle. This paper should be in great value for the project team and also for many other developing countries that share the same obstacles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20egyptian%20egovernment%20project%20lifecycle" title="the egyptian egovernment project lifecycle">the egyptian egovernment project lifecycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply%20side%20barriers" title=" supply side barriers"> supply side barriers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demand%20side%20barriers" title=" demand side barriers"> demand side barriers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=egovernment%20project%20requirements" title=" egovernment project requirements"> egovernment project requirements</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145631/the-egyptian-egovernment-journey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145631.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> E-Government Websites Accessibility for People with Disabilities (PWD): In Depth Evaluation of Kingdom of Bahrain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reem%20AlKabbi">Reem AlKabbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hayat%20Ali"> Hayat Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariam%20Yasser"> Mariam Yasser</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, eGovernment websites are becoming indispensable for public, business, personal efficiency or even improvement of livelihoods. Using these websites, citizens undertake number of tasks that would otherwise be difficult or impossible. However, many of these websites are not accessible to all people' types including People with Disabilities (PWDs). Through Web Accessibility Guidelines, Web developers can develop Web applications that are accessible to PWDs. This research is to investigate the Accessibility of eGovernment websites in Kingdom of Bahrain. The accessibility was measured using Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) and section 508. For the evaluation purpose, some automatic tools were used. Samples of 43 eGovernment websites were selected. The accessibility of the websites was analyzed by using several automatic evaluation tools such as Total Validator and Functional Accessibility Evaluator (FAE). The evaluation process revealed several errors according to the accessibility guidelines. This research provides few recommendations for further improvement of accessibility features of eGovernment websites based on the highlighted issues and key findings reported in this research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=website%20accessibility" title="website accessibility">website accessibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W3C" title=" W3C"> W3C</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PWD" title=" PWD"> PWD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-government" title=" e-government"> e-government</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19620/e-government-websites-accessibility-for-people-with-disabilities-pwd-in-depth-evaluation-of-kingdom-of-bahrain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19620.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">449</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Building Blocks for the Next eGovernment Era: Exploratory Study Based on Dubai and UAE鈥檚 Ministry of Happiness Communication in 2020</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diamantino%20Ribeiro">Diamantino Ribeiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ant%C3%B3nio%20Pedro%20Costa"> Ant贸nio Pedro Costa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jorge%20Remondes"> Jorge Remondes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dubai and the UAE governments have been investing in technology and digital communication for a long time. These governments are pioneers in introducing innovative strategies, policies and projects. They are also recognized worldwide for defining and implementing long term public programs. In terms of eGovernment Dubai and the UAE rank among the world’s most advanced. Both governments have surprised the world a few years ago by creating a Happiness Ministry. This paper focuses on UAE’s government digital strategies and its approach to the next era. The main goal of this exploratory study is to understand the new era of eGovernment and transfer of the happiness and wellness programs. Data were collected from the <em>corpus latente</em> and analysis was anchored in qualitative methodology using content analysis and observation as analysis techniques. The study allowed to highlight that the 2020 government reshuffle has a strong focus on digital reorganisation and digital sustainability, one of the newest trends in sustainability. Regarding happiness and wellbeing portfolio, we were able to observe that there has been a major change within the government organisation: The Ministry of Happiness was extinct and the Ministry of Community Development will manage the so-called ‘Happiness Portfolio’. Additionally, our observation allowed to note the government dual approach to governance: one through digital transformation, thus enhancing the digital sustainability process and, the second one trough government development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ministry%20of%20happiness" title="ministry of happiness">ministry of happiness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eGovernment" title=" eGovernment"> eGovernment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication" title=" communication"> communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20sustainability" title=" digital sustainability"> digital sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133949/building-blocks-for-the-next-egovernment-era-exploratory-study-based-on-dubai-and-uaes-ministry-of-happiness-communication-in-2020" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133949.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> IT Perspective of Service-Oriented e-Government Enterprise </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anu%20Paul">Anu Paul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Varghese%20Paul"> Varghese Paul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The focal aspire of e-Government (eGovt) is to offer citizen-centered service delivery. Accordingly, the citizenry consumes services from multiple government agencies through national portal. Thus, eGovt is an enterprise with the primary business motive of transparent, efficient and effective public services to its citizenry and its logical structure is the eGovernment Enterprise Architecture (eGEA). Since eGovt is IT oriented multifaceted service-centric system, EA doesn鈥檛 do much on an automated enterprise other than the business artifacts. Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) manifestation led some governments to pertain this in their eGovts, but it limits the source of business artifacts. The concurrent use of EA and SOA in eGovt executes interoperability and integration and leads to Service-Oriented e-Government Enterprise (SOeGE). Consequently, agile eGovt system becomes a reality. As an IT perspective eGovt comprises of centralized public service artifacts with the existing application logics belong to various departments at central, state and local level. The eGovt is renovating to SOeGE by apply the Service-Orientation (SO) principles in the entire system. This paper explores IT perspective of SOeGE in India which encompasses the public service models and illustrated with a case study the Passport service of India. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enterprise%20architecture" title="enterprise architecture">enterprise architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=service-oriented%20e-Government%20enterprise" title=" service-oriented e-Government enterprise"> service-oriented e-Government enterprise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=service%20interface%20layer" title=" service interface layer"> service interface layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=service%20model" title=" service model"> service model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21308/it-perspective-of-service-oriented-e-government-enterprise" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21308.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">521</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Government (Big) Data Ecosystem: Definition, Classification of Actors, and Their Roles </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Iftikhar%20Hussain%20Shah">Syed Iftikhar Hussain Shah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vasilis%20Peristeras"> Vasilis Peristeras</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ioannis%20Magnisalis"> Ioannis Magnisalis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Organizations, including governments, generate (big) data that are high in volume, velocity, veracity, and come from a variety of sources. Public Administrations are using (big) data, implementing base registries, and enforcing data sharing within the entire government to deliver (big) data related integrated services, provision of insights to users, and for good governance. Government (Big) data ecosystem actors represent distinct entities that provide data, consume data, manipulate data to offer paid services, and extend data services like data storage, hosting services to other actors. In this research work, we perform a systematic literature review. The key objectives of this paper are to propose a robust definition of government (big) data ecosystem and a classification of government (big) data ecosystem actors and their roles. We showcase a graphical view of actors, roles, and their relationship in the government (big) data ecosystem. We also discuss our research findings. We did not find too much published research articles about the government (big) data ecosystem, including its definition and classification of actors and their roles. Therefore, we lent ideas for the government (big) data ecosystem from numerous areas that include scientific research data, humanitarian data, open government data, industry data, in the literature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=big%20data" title="big data">big data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=big%20data%20ecosystem" title=" big data ecosystem"> big data ecosystem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification%20of%20big%20data%20actors" title=" classification of big data actors"> classification of big data actors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=big%20data%20actors%20roles" title=" big data actors roles"> big data actors roles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=definition%20of%20government%20%28big%29%20data%20ecosystem" title=" definition of government (big) data ecosystem"> definition of government (big) data ecosystem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data-driven%20government" title=" data-driven government"> data-driven government</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eGovernment" title=" eGovernment"> eGovernment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gaps%20in%20data%20ecosystems" title=" gaps in data ecosystems"> gaps in data ecosystems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=government%20%28big%29%20data" title=" government (big) data"> government (big) data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20administration" title=" public administration"> public administration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=systematic%20literature%20review" title=" systematic literature review"> systematic literature review</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119739/government-big-data-ecosystem-definition-classification-of-actors-and-their-roles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119739.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Government Big Data Ecosystem: A Systematic Literature Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Iftikhar%20Hussain%20Shah">Syed Iftikhar Hussain Shah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vasilis%20Peristeras"> Vasilis Peristeras</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ioannis%20Magnisalis"> Ioannis Magnisalis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Data that is high in volume, velocity, veracity and comes from a variety of sources is usually generated in all sectors including the government sector. Globally public administrations are pursuing (big) data as new technology and trying to adopt a data-centric architecture for hosting and sharing data. Properly executed, big data and data analytics in the government (big) data ecosystem can be led to data-driven government and have a direct impact on the way policymakers work and citizens interact with governments. In this research paper, we conduct a systematic literature review. The main aims of this paper are to highlight essential aspects of the government (big) data ecosystem and to explore the most critical socio-technical factors that contribute to the successful implementation of government (big) data ecosystem. The essential aspects of government (big) data ecosystem include definition, data types, data lifecycle models, and actors and their roles. We also discuss the potential impact of (big) data in public administration and gaps in the government data ecosystems literature. As this is a new topic, we did not find specific articles on government (big) data ecosystem and therefore focused our research on various relevant areas like humanitarian data, open government data, scientific research data, industry data, etc. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=applications%20of%20big%20data" title="applications of big data">applications of big data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=big%20data" title=" big data"> big data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=big%20data%20types.%20big%20data%20ecosystem" title=" big data types. big data ecosystem"> big data types. big data ecosystem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20success%20factors" title=" critical success factors"> critical success factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data-driven%20government" title=" data-driven government"> data-driven government</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=egovernment" title=" egovernment"> egovernment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gaps%20in%20data%20ecosystems" title=" gaps in data ecosystems"> gaps in data ecosystems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=government%20%28big%29%20data" title=" government (big) data"> government (big) data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=literature%20review" title=" literature review"> literature review</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20administration" title=" public administration"> public administration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=systematic%20review" title=" systematic review"> systematic review</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116280/government-big-data-ecosystem-a-systematic-literature-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116280.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">228</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Improving Usability of e-Government for the Elderly</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamas%20Molnar">Tamas Molnar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electronic government systems are currently in the same development stage as e-commerce applications were about in the late 1990s. Wide adoption by the majority of population is near, as such services are not only more and more desired by the users, but also strongly advocated and pushed by the state, as a means to increase effectiveness and cut expenses at the same time. Diffusion is however hampered by the low motivation caused by usability issues which will cause more and more frustration as the general population ages. Usability centred design is essential when creating such services. Elderly users, who have statistically the least experience, have the most problems, and therefore reject unusable systems first. The goal of our research was to find a way to map the needs of the elderly and create guidelines for the design of electronic government systems which are usable for the whole population. The first phase of our research, started mid-2009, was centred on the idea to gather information about the needs of the target group, in both Germany and Hungary with over 70 participants. This was done with the help of scenarios, interviews and questionnaires. The supplied data enabled to choose an eGovernment system for tests on the target group. Tests conducted in Germany and Hungary were based on the design and functions of the German electronic ID card, in the native languages. Scenarios mirroring common, every day transactions requiring an identification procedure were used. The obtained results allowed us to develop a generalised solution, the IGUAN guideline. This guideline makes a standardised approach to the usability improvement process possible. It contains the special requirements of elderly users, and a catalogue of criteria, which helps to develop an application in line with the set requirements. The third phase of our research was used a proof of concept for the IGUAN. The guideline was evaluated and tested with an iterative prototyping. The successful completion of this phase indicates that the IGUAN can be used to measurably increase the acceptance of e-government systems by elderly users. We could therefore demonstrate that improvements in the interface make e-government application possible which are perceived useful and easy to use by elderly users. These improvements will measurably increase the user motivation and experience. This can however only be achieved with a structured design process, and requires a framework which takes the requirements of the elderly users into account. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-Government" title="e-Government">e-Government</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=usability" title=" usability"> usability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acceptance" title=" acceptance"> acceptance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=guidelines" title=" guidelines"> guidelines</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20932/improving-usability-of-e-government-for-the-elderly" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20932.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">543</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>