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The LORD has brought her grief because of her many sins. Her children have gone into exile, captive before the foe. <a href="/nlt/lamentations/1.htm">New Living Translation</a> Her oppressors have become her masters, and her enemies prosper, for the LORD has punished Jerusalem for her many sins. Her children have been captured and taken away to distant lands. <a href="/esv/lamentations/1.htm">English Standard Version</a> Her foes have become the head; her enemies prosper, because the LORD has afflicted her for the multitude of her transgressions; her children have gone away, captives before the foe. <a href="/bsb/lamentations/1.htm">Berean Standard Bible</a> Her foes have become her masters; her enemies are at ease. For the LORD has brought her grief because of her many transgressions. Her children have gone away as captives before the enemy. <a href="/kjv/lamentations/1.htm">King James Bible</a> Her adversaries are the chief, her enemies prosper; for the LORD hath afflicted her for the multitude of her transgressions: her children are gone into captivity before the enemy. <a href="/nkjv/lamentations/1.htm">New King James Version</a> Her adversaries have become the master, Her enemies prosper; For the LORD has afflicted her Because of the multitude of her transgressions. Her children have gone into captivity before the enemy. <a href="/nasb_/lamentations/1.htm">New American Standard Bible</a> Her adversaries have become her masters, Her enemies are secure; For the LORD has caused her grief Because of the multitude of her wrongdoings; Her little ones have gone away As captives led by the enemy. <a href="/nasb/lamentations/1.htm">NASB 1995</a> Her adversaries have become her masters, Her enemies prosper; For the LORD has caused her grief Because of the multitude of her transgressions; Her little ones have gone away As captives before the adversary. <a href="/nasb77/lamentations/1.htm">NASB 1977 </a> Her adversaries have become her masters, Her enemies prosper; For the LORD has caused her grief Because of the multitude of her transgressions; Her little ones have gone away As captives before the adversary. <a href="/lsb/lamentations/1.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a> Her adversaries have become her masters; Her enemies are complacent; For Yahweh has caused her grief Because of the greatness of her transgressions; Her infants have gone away As captives before the adversary. <a href="/amp/lamentations/1.htm">Amplified Bible</a> Her adversaries have become her masters, Her enemies prosper; For the LORD has caused her grief Because of the multitude of her transgressions; Her young children have gone Into captivity before the enemy. <a href="/csb/lamentations/1.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a> Her adversaries have become her masters; her enemies are at ease, for the LORD has made her suffer because of her many transgressions. Her children have gone away as captives before the adversary. <a href="/hcsb/lamentations/1.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a> Her adversaries have become her masters; her enemies are at ease, for the LORD has made her suffer because of her many transgressions. Her children have gone away as captives before the adversary. <a href="/asv/lamentations/1.htm">American Standard Version</a> Her adversaries are become the head, her enemies prosper; For Jehovah hath afflicted her for the multitude of her transgressions: Her young children are gone into captivity before the adversary. <a href="/cev/lamentations/1.htm">Contemporary English Version</a> Enemies now rule the city and live as they please. The LORD has punished Jerusalem because of her awful sins; he has let her people be dragged away. <a href="/erv/lamentations/1.htm">English Revised Version</a> Her adversaries are become the head, her enemies prosper; for the LORD hath afflicted her for the multitude of her transgressions: her young children are gone into captivity before the adversary. <a href="/gwt/lamentations/1.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a> Its opponents are now in control. Its enemies have no worries. The LORD made Zion suffer for its many rebellious acts. Its children go ahead of their opponents into captivity. <a href="/gnt/lamentations/1.htm">Good News Translation</a> Her enemies succeeded; they hold her in their power. The LORD has made her suffer for all her many sins; Her children have been captured and taken away. <a href="/isv/lamentations/1.htm">International Standard Version</a> Her adversaries dominate her, her enemies prosper. For the LORD has made her suffer because of her many transgressions. Her children have gone away, taken into captivity in the presence of the enemy. <a href="/msb/lamentations/1.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a> Her foes have become her masters; her enemies are at ease. For the LORD has brought her grief because of her many transgressions. Her children have gone away as captives before the enemy. <a href="/net/lamentations/1.htm">NET Bible</a> Her foes subjugated her; her enemies are at ease. For the LORD afflicted her because of her many acts of rebellion. Her children went away captive before the enemy. <a href="/nheb/lamentations/1.htm">New Heart English Bible</a> Her adversaries have become the head, her enemies prosper; for the LORD has afflicted her for the multitude of her transgressions: her young children have gone into captivity before the adversary. <a href="/wbt/lamentations/1.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a> Her adversaries are the chief, her enemies prosper; for the LORD hath afflicted her for the multitude of her transgressions: her children are gone into captivity before the enemy. <a href="/web/lamentations/1.htm">World English Bible</a> Her adversaries have become the head. Her enemies prosper; for Yahweh has afflicted her for the multitude of her transgressions. Her young children have gone into captivity before the adversary. <div class="vheading2">Literal Translations</div><a href="/lsv/lamentations/1.htm">Literal Standard Version</a> Her adversaries have become chief, "" Her enemies have been at ease, "" For YHWH has afflicted her, "" For the abundance of her transgressions, "" Her infants have gone captive before the adversary. <a href="/ylt/lamentations/1.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a> Her adversaries have become chief, Her enemies have been at ease, For Jehovah hath afflicted her, For the abundance of her transgressions, Her infants have gone captive before the adversary. <a href="/slt/lamentations/1.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a> Her adversaries were for head, her enemies were secure; for Jehovah afflicted her for the multitude of her transgressions: her children went into captivity before the face of him pressing.<div class="vheading2">Catholic Translations</div><a href="/drb/lamentations/1.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a> He. Her adversaries are become her lords, her enemies are enriched: because the Lord hath spoken against her for the multitude of her iniquities: her children are led into captivity: before the face of the oppressor. <a href="/cpdv/lamentations/1.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a> HE. Her enemies have been made her leaders; her adversaries have been enriched. For the Lord has spoken against her, because of the multitude of her iniquities. Her little ones have been led into captivity before the face of the tribulator. <a href="/nabre/lamentations/1.htm">New American Bible</a> Her foes have come out on top, her enemies are secure; Because the LORD has afflicted her for her many rebellions. Her children have gone away, captive before the foe. <a href="/nrsvce/lamentations/1.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a> Her foes have become the masters, her enemies prosper, because the LORD has made her suffer for the multitude of her transgressions; her children have gone away, captives before the foe.<div class="vheading2">Translations from Aramaic</div><a href="/lamsa/lamentations/1.htm">Lamsa Bible</a> Her oppressors have become her rulers, and her adversaries have made an end of her; for the LORD has afflicted her for the multitude of her sins; her children are gone into captivity before the oppressor. <a href="/hpbt/lamentations/1.htm">Peshitta Holy Bible Translated</a> He They have been her oppressors, for the Ruler and her enemies have been quiet, because LORD JEHOVAH humbled her, because of the multitude of her sins, and her children went into captivity in front of the oppressor<div class="vheading2">OT Translations</div><a href="/jps/lamentations/1.htm">JPS Tanakh 1917</a> Her adversaries are become the head, Her enemies are at ease; For the LORD hath afflicted her For the multitude of her transgressions; Her young children are gone into captivity Before the adversary. <a href="/sep/lamentations/1.htm">Brenton Septuagint Translation</a> HE. Her oppressors are become the head, and her enemies have prospered; for the Lord has afflicted her because of the multitude of her sins: her young children are gone into captivity before the face of the oppressor. <a href="/parallel/lamentations/1-5.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="audio" id="audio"></a><div class="vheadingv">Audio Bible</div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/rKrWuOkEqzQ?start=59" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="vheadingv">Context</div><a href="/bsb/lamentations/1.htm">How Lonely Lies the City</a> …4The roads to Zion mourn, because no one comes to her appointed feasts. All her gates are deserted; her priests groan, her maidens grieve, and she herself is bitter with anguish. 5<a href="/hebrew/6862.htm" title="6862: ṣā·re·hā (N-mpc:: 3fs) -- Narrow, a tight place, a pebble, an opponent. Or tsar; from tsarar; narrow; a tight place; also a pebble; an opponent.">Her foes</a> <a href="/hebrew/1961.htm" title="1961: hā·yū (V-Qal-Perf-3cp) -- To fall out, come to pass, become, be. A primitive root; to exist, i.e. Be or become, come to pass.">have become</a> <a href="/hebrew/7218.htm" title="7218: lə·rōš (Prep-l:: N-ms) -- Head. From an unused root apparently meaning to shake; the head, whether literal or figurative.">her masters;</a> <a href="/hebrew/341.htm" title="341: ’ō·yə·ḇe·hā (V-Qal-Prtcpl-mpc:: 3fs) -- Hating, an adversary. Or owyeb; active participle of 'ayab; hating; an adversary.">her enemies</a> <a href="/hebrew/7951.htm" title="7951: šā·lū (V-Qal-Perf-3cp) -- To be quiet or at ease. Or shalav; a primitive root; to be tranquil, i.e. Secure or successful.">are at ease.</a> <a href="/hebrew/3588.htm" title="3588: kî- (Conj) -- That, for, when. ">For</a> <a href="/hebrew/3068.htm" title="3068: Yah·weh (N-proper-ms) -- The proper name of the God of Israel. From hayah; self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish national name of God.">the LORD</a> <a href="/hebrew/3013.htm" title="3013: hō·w·ḡāh (V-Hifil-Perf-3ms:: 3fs) -- To suffer. A primitive root; to grieve.">has brought her grief</a> <a href="/hebrew/5921.htm" title="5921: ‘al (Prep) -- Properly, the same as al used as a preposition; above, over, upon, or against in a great variety of applications.">because of</a> <a href="/hebrew/7230.htm" title="7230: rōḇ- (N-msc) -- Multitude, abundance, greatness. From rabab; abundance.">her many</a> <a href="/hebrew/6588.htm" title="6588: pə·šā·‘e·hā (N-mpc:: 3fs) -- Transgression. From pasha'; a revolt.">transgressions.</a> <a href="/hebrew/5768.htm" title="5768: ‘ō·w·lā·le·hā (N-mpc:: 3fs) -- A child. Or lolal; from uwl; a suckling.">Her children</a> <a href="/hebrew/1980.htm" title="1980: hā·lə·ḵū (V-Qal-Perf-3cp) -- To go, come, walk. Akin to yalak; a primitive root; to walk.">have gone away</a> <a href="/hebrew/7628.htm" title="7628: šə·ḇî (N-ms) -- Exiled, captured, exile, booty. From shbuw; exiled; captured; as noun, exile; by extension, booty.">as captives</a> <a href="/hebrew/6440.htm" title="6440: lip̄·nê- (Prep-l:: N-mpc) -- Face, faces. Plural of an unused noun; the face; used in a great variety of applications; also as a preposition.">before</a> <a href="/hebrew/6862.htm" title="6862: ṣār (N-ms) -- Narrow, a tight place, a pebble, an opponent. Or tsar; from tsarar; narrow; a tight place; also a pebble; an opponent.">the enemy.</a> 6All the splendor has departed from the Daughter of Zion. Her princes are like deer that find no pasture; they lack the strength to flee in the face of the hunter.…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div> <a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><a href="/deuteronomy/28-15.htm">Deuteronomy 28:15-68</a> If, however, you do not obey the LORD your God by carefully following all His commandments and statutes I am giving you today, all these curses will come upon you and overtake you: / You will be cursed in the city and cursed in the country. / Your basket and kneading bowl will be cursed. ... <a href="/jeremiah/30-14.htm">Jeremiah 30:14-15</a> All your lovers have forgotten you; they no longer seek you, for I have struck you as an enemy would, with the discipline of someone cruel, because of your great iniquity and your numerous sins. / Why do you cry out over your wound? Your pain has no cure! Because of your great iniquity and your numerous sins I have done these things to you. <a href="/isaiah/47-6.htm">Isaiah 47:6</a> I was angry with My people; I profaned My heritage, and I placed them under your control. You showed them no mercy; even on the elderly you laid a most heavy yoke. <a href="/jeremiah/5-19.htm">Jeremiah 5:19</a> And when the people ask, ‘For what offense has the LORD our God done all these things to us?’ You are to tell them, ‘Just as you have forsaken Me and served foreign gods in your land, so will you serve foreigners in a land that is not your own.’” <a href="/2_kings/24-2.htm">2 Kings 24:2-4</a> And the LORD sent Chaldean, Aramean, Moabite, and Ammonite raiders against Jehoiakim in order to destroy Judah, according to the word that the LORD had spoken through His servants the prophets. / Surely this happened to Judah at the LORD’s command, to remove them from His presence because of the sins of Manasseh and all that he had done, / and also for the innocent blood he had shed. For he had filled Jerusalem with innocent blood, and the LORD was unwilling to forgive. <a href="/ezekiel/39-23.htm">Ezekiel 39:23-24</a> And the nations will know that the house of Israel went into exile for their iniquity, because they were unfaithful to Me. So I hid My face from them and delivered them into the hands of their enemies, so that they all fell by the sword. / I dealt with them according to their uncleanness and transgressions, and I hid My face from them. <a href="/jeremiah/13-22.htm">Jeremiah 13:22</a> And if you ask yourself, “Why has this happened to me?” It is because of the magnitude of your iniquity that your skirts have been stripped off and your body has been exposed. <a href="/isaiah/42-24.htm">Isaiah 42:24-25</a> Who gave Jacob up for spoil, and Israel to the plunderers? Was it not the LORD, against whom we have sinned? They were unwilling to walk in His ways, and they would not obey His law. / So He poured out on them His furious anger and the fierceness of battle. It enveloped them in flames, but they did not understand; it consumed them, but they did not take it to heart. <a href="/jeremiah/4-18.htm">Jeremiah 4:18</a> “Your ways and deeds have brought this upon you. This is your punishment; how bitter it is, because it pierces to the heart!” <a href="/hosea/8-7.htm">Hosea 8:7-8</a> For they sow the wind, and they shall reap the whirlwind. There is no standing grain; what sprouts fails to yield flour. Even if it should produce, the foreigners would swallow it up. / Israel is swallowed up! Now they are among the nations like a worthless vessel. <a href="/2_chronicles/36-16.htm">2 Chronicles 36:16-17</a> But they mocked the messengers of God, despising His words and scoffing at His prophets, until the wrath of the LORD against His people was stirred up beyond remedy. / So He brought up against them the king of the Chaldeans, who put their young men to the sword in the sanctuary, sparing neither young men nor young women, neither elderly nor infirm. God gave them all into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar, <a href="/daniel/9-11.htm">Daniel 9:11-14</a> All Israel has transgressed Your law and turned away, refusing to obey Your voice; so the oath and the curse written in the Law of Moses the servant of God has been poured out on us, because we have sinned against You. / You have carried out the words spoken against us and against our rulers by bringing upon us a great disaster. For under all of heaven, nothing has ever been done like what has been done to Jerusalem. / Just as it is written in the Law of Moses, all this disaster has come upon us, yet we have not sought the favor of the LORD our God by turning from our iniquities and giving attention to Your truth. ... <a href="/micah/7-9.htm">Micah 7:9</a> Because I have sinned against Him, I must endure the rage of the LORD, until He argues my case and executes justice for me. He will bring me into the light; I will see His righteousness. <a href="/jeremiah/9-16.htm">Jeremiah 9:16</a> I will scatter them among the nations that neither they nor their fathers have known, and I will send a sword after them until I have finished them off.” <a href="/leviticus/26-17.htm">Leviticus 26:17</a> And I will set My face against you, so that you will be defeated by your enemies. Those who hate you will rule over you, and you will flee when no one pursues you.</div> <a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div>Her adversaries are the chief, her enemies prosper; for the LORD has afflicted her for the multitude of her transgressions: her children are gone into captivity before the enemy.Adversaries<a href="/lamentations/2-17.htm">Lamentations 2:17</a> The LORD hath done that which he had devised; he hath fulfilled his word that he had commanded in the days of old: he hath thrown down, and hath not pitied: and he hath caused thine enemy to rejoice over thee, he hath set up the horn of thine adversaries.<a href="/lamentations/3-46.htm">Lamentations 3:46</a> All our enemies have opened their mouths against us.<a href="/leviticus/26-17.htm">Leviticus 26:17</a> And I will set my face against you, and ye shall be slain before your enemies: they that hate you shall reign over you; and ye shall flee when none pursueth you.for<a href="/lamentations/1-18.htm">Lamentations 1:18</a> The LORD is righteous; for I have rebelled against his commandment: hear, I pray you, all people, and behold my sorrow: my virgins and my young men are gone into captivity.<a href="/lamentations/3-39.htm">Lamentations 3:39-43</a> Wherefore doth a living man complain, a man for the punishment of his sins? … <a href="/leviticus/26-15.htm">Leviticus 26:15</a> And if ye shall despise my statutes, or if your soul abhor my judgments, so that ye will not do all my commandments, but that ye break my covenant:her children<a href="/jeremiah/39-9.htm">Jeremiah 39:9</a> Then Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard carried away captive into Babylon the remnant of the people that remained in the city, and those that fell away, that fell to him, with the rest of the people that remained.<a href="/jeremiah/52-27.htm">Jeremiah 52:27-30</a> And the king of Babylon smote them, and put them to death in Riblah in the land of Hamath. Thus Judah was carried away captive out of his own land… <div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/jeremiah/50-7.htm">Adversaries</a> <a href="/jeremiah/10-18.htm">Adversary</a> <a href="/lamentations/1-4.htm">Afflicted</a> <a href="/jeremiah/52-30.htm">Captive</a> <a href="/jeremiah/50-33.htm">Captives</a> <a href="/lamentations/1-3.htm">Captivity</a> <a href="/jeremiah/51-57.htm">Caused</a> <a href="/jeremiah/52-26.htm">Chief</a> <a href="/jeremiah/50-33.htm">Children</a> <a href="/jeremiah/49-31.htm">Ease</a> <a href="/lamentations/1-2.htm">Enemies</a> <a href="/jeremiah/50-44.htm">Enemy</a> <a href="/lamentations/1-3.htm">Exile</a> <a href="/jeremiah/30-14.htm">Foe</a> <a href="/jeremiah/46-10.htm">Foes</a> <a href="/jeremiah/51-43.htm">Goes</a> <a href="/lamentations/1-3.htm">Great</a> <a href="/jeremiah/51-8.htm">Grief</a> <a href="/lamentations/1-2.htm">Haters</a> <a href="/jeremiah/52-31.htm">Head</a> <a href="/jeremiah/51-33.htm">Little</a> <a href="/jeremiah/27-4.htm">Masters</a> <a href="/jeremiah/52-15.htm">Multitude</a> <a href="/jeremiah/51-57.htm">Ones</a> <a href="/jeremiah/52-29.htm">Prisoners</a> <a href="/jeremiah/32-5.htm">Prosper</a> <a href="/jeremiah/51-6.htm">Sins</a> <a href="/lamentations/1-4.htm">Sorrow</a> <a href="/jeremiah/5-6.htm">Transgressions</a> <a href="/jeremiah/51-38.htm">Young</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/lamentations/1-7.htm">Adversaries</a> <a href="/lamentations/1-7.htm">Adversary</a> <a href="/lamentations/1-12.htm">Afflicted</a> <a href="/ezekiel/6-9.htm">Captive</a> <a href="/ezekiel/1-1.htm">Captives</a> <a href="/lamentations/1-18.htm">Captivity</a> <a href="/lamentations/2-6.htm">Caused</a> <a href="/ezekiel/17-13.htm">Chief</a> <a href="/lamentations/1-16.htm">Children</a> <a href="/ezekiel/16-4.htm">Ease</a> <a href="/lamentations/1-21.htm">Enemies</a> <a href="/lamentations/1-7.htm">Enemy</a> <a href="/lamentations/1-18.htm">Exile</a> <a href="/lamentations/4-12.htm">Foe</a> <a href="/lamentations/1-17.htm">Foes</a> <a href="/ezekiel/5-14.htm">Goes</a> <a href="/lamentations/1-8.htm">Great</a> <a href="/lamentations/1-8.htm">Grief</a> <a href="/lamentations/1-21.htm">Haters</a> <a href="/lamentations/2-15.htm">Head</a> <a href="/lamentations/2-20.htm">Little</a> <a href="/ezekiel/45-8.htm">Masters</a> <a href="/lamentations/3-32.htm">Multitude</a> <a href="/lamentations/1-10.htm">Ones</a> <a href="/lamentations/1-18.htm">Prisoners</a> <a href="/ezekiel/16-13.htm">Prosper</a> <a href="/lamentations/1-22.htm">Sins</a> <a href="/lamentations/1-9.htm">Sorrow</a> <a href="/lamentations/1-14.htm">Transgressions</a> <a href="/lamentations/1-15.htm">Young</a><div class="vheading2">Lamentations 1</div>1. <a href="/lamentations/1-1.htm">The miseries of Jerusalem and of the Jews lamented</a> 12. <a href="/lamentations/1-12.htm">The attention of beholders demanded to this unprecedented case</a> 18. <a href="/lamentations/1-18.htm">The justice of God acknowledged, and his mercy supplicated.</a> </div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div>  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3753401421161123" data-ad-slot="3592799687"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> </td></tr></table></div></div></div><div id="combox"><div class="padcom"><a name="study" id="study"></a><div class="vheading"><table width="100%"><tr><td width="99%" valign="top"><a href="/study/lamentations/1.htm">Study Bible</a></td><td width="1%" valign="top"><a href="/study/lamentations/" title="Book Summary and Study">Book ◦</a> <a href="/study/chapters/lamentations/1.htm" title="Chapter summary and Study">Chapter </a></tr></table></div>Her foes have become her masters; This phrase reflects the historical context of the Babylonian conquest of Jerusalem in 586 BC. The Babylonians, once adversaries, now ruled over the people of Judah. This subjugation fulfilled the warnings given by prophets like Jeremiah, who had cautioned that disobedience to God would lead to foreign domination (<a href="/jeremiah/25-8.htm">Jeremiah 25:8-11</a>). The concept of enemies becoming masters is a recurring theme in the Old Testament, often seen as a consequence of Israel's unfaithfulness to God (<a href="/deuteronomy/28-47.htm">Deuteronomy 28:47-48</a>).her enemies are at ease. The enemies' ease contrasts sharply with the suffering of Jerusalem, highlighting the reversal of fortunes. This ease signifies not only military victory but also a sense of security and prosperity for the conquerors. Theologically, it underscores the idea that God allows such reversals as a form of judgment. This situation is reminiscent of <a href="/psalms/73.htm">Psalm 73</a>, where the prosperity of the wicked is a source of distress for the righteous, yet ultimately serves as a reminder of God's sovereign justice.For the LORD has brought her grief because of her many transgressions. This phrase attributes the suffering of Jerusalem directly to divine judgment. Theologically, it emphasizes the covenant relationship between God and Israel, where blessings and curses are contingent upon obedience (Leviticus 26, <a href="/deuteronomy/28.htm">Deuteronomy 28</a>). The "many transgressions" refer to the persistent idolatry and social injustices that characterized Judah's history, as documented by prophets like Isaiah and Jeremiah. This acknowledgment of divine causation serves as a call to repentance and a reminder of God's holiness and justice.Her children have gone away as captives before the enemy. The deportation of Jerusalem's inhabitants, especially the young, to Babylon is a historical fact corroborated by archaeological evidence and Babylonian records. This exile is a poignant symbol of loss and displacement, fulfilling prophecies such as those in <a href="/2_kings/20-17.htm">2 Kings 20:17-18</a> and <a href="/isaiah/39-6.htm">Isaiah 39:6-7</a>. Theologically, the captivity serves as both punishment and a means of purification, with the hope of eventual restoration. This theme of exile and return is echoed in the New Testament, where Jesus Christ is seen as the ultimate restorer, bringing spiritual liberation and return from the captivity of sin (<a href="/luke/4-18.htm">Luke 4:18-19</a>).<div class="vheading2">Persons / Places / Events</div>1. <a href="/topical/j/jerusalem.htm">Jerusalem</a> The city personified as a woman who has been overtaken by her enemies due to her transgressions. 2. <a href="/topical/f/foes/enemies.htm">Foes/Enemies</a> The adversaries of Jerusalem who have gained dominance and are now at ease. 3. <a href="/topical/t/the_lord.htm">The LORD</a> God, who has allowed this calamity as a consequence of Jerusalem's sins. 4. <a href="/topical/c/children_of_jerusalem.htm">Children of Jerusalem</a> The inhabitants who have been taken away as captives. 5. <a href="/topical/c/captivity.htm">Captivity</a> The event of being taken away by the enemies, symbolizing the consequence of sin.<div class="vheading2">Teaching Points</div><a href="/topical/t/the_consequences_of_sin.htm">The Consequences of Sin</a> Sin has real and severe consequences, both spiritually and physically. Jerusalem's downfall serves as a warning to remain faithful to God. <a href="/topical/g/god's_sovereignty_in_judgment.htm">God's Sovereignty in Judgment</a> God is sovereign and just in His judgments. He allows consequences to bring about repentance and restoration. <a href="/topical/t/the_importance_of_repentance.htm">The Importance of Repentance</a> Repentance is crucial in restoring our relationship with God. The lamentation is a call to turn back to Him. <a href="/topical/h/hope_in_captivity.htm">Hope in Captivity</a> Even in the midst of judgment, there is hope for redemption and restoration. God's discipline is meant to bring us back to Him. <a href="/topical/c/community_impact_of_sin.htm">Community Impact of Sin</a> The sins of individuals and leaders can have a profound impact on the entire community, as seen in the captivity of Jerusalem's children.<div class="vheading2">Lists and Questions</div><a href="/top10/lessons_from_lamentations_1.htm">Top 10 Lessons from Lamentations 1</a> <a href="/q/why_does_a_kind_god_allow_suffering.htm">How can a compassionate God allow such severe suffering as described in Lamentations 1:5? </a> <a href="/q/what_does_'finger_of_god'_mean.htm">What does the Bible say about confessing sin?</a> <a href="/q/1_samuel_5__how_reconcile_ark_outcomes.htm">1 Samuel 5 - How do we reconcile this account with other biblical passages that attribute different outcomes to the Ark's captivity?</a> <a href="/q/why_doesn't_god_prevent_suffering.htm">If God’s mercies are “new every morning” (Lamentations 3:23), why did He not prevent intense suffering and loss? </a><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/lamentations/1.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(5) Her adversaries are the chief.--Literally, have become the head (<a href="/deuteronomy/28-13.htm" title="And the LORD shall make you the head, and not the tail; and you shall be above only, and you shall not be beneath; if that you listen to the commandments of the LORD your God, which I command you this day, to observe and to do them:">Deuteronomy 28:13</a>).Her enemies prosper.--Better, are at ease, secure from every resistance on her part. "Before the enemy," driven, i.e., as slaves are driven.<div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/lamentations/1.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div>Verse 5. - Are the chief; rather, are become the head. Comp. <a href="/deuteronomy/28-44.htm">Deuteronomy 28:44</a>, where, as a part of the curse of Israel's rebellion, it is foretold that "he [the stranger] shall become the head, and thou shalt become the tail." Before the enemy. Like a herd of cattle. <a href="/commentaries/lamentations/1-5.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a> <a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Hebrew</div>Her foes צָרֶ֤יהָ (ṣā·re·hā) Noun - masculine plural construct | third person feminine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_6862.htm">Strong's 6862: </a> Narrow, a tight place, a pebble, an opponent have become הָי֨וּ (hā·yū) Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural <a href="/hebrew/strongs_1961.htm">Strong's 1961: </a> To fall out, come to pass, become, be her masters; לְרֹאשׁ֙ (lə·rōš) Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_7218.htm">Strong's 7218: </a> The head her enemies אֹיְבֶ֣יהָ (’ō·yə·ḇe·hā) Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural construct | third person feminine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_341.htm">Strong's 341: </a> Hating, an adversary are at ease. שָׁל֔וּ (šā·lū) Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural <a href="/hebrew/strongs_7951.htm">Strong's 7951: </a> To be tranquil, secure, successful For כִּֽי־ (kî-) Conjunction <a href="/hebrew/strongs_3588.htm">Strong's 3588: </a> A relative conjunction the LORD יְהוָ֥ה (Yah·weh) Noun - proper - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_3068.htm">Strong's 3068: </a> LORD -- the proper name of the God of Israel has brought her grief הוֹגָ֖הּ (hō·w·ḡāh) Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person masculine singular | third person feminine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_3013.htm">Strong's 3013: </a> To grieve because of עַ֣ל (‘al) Preposition <a href="/hebrew/strongs_5921.htm">Strong's 5921: </a> Above, over, upon, against her many רֹב־ (rōḇ-) Noun - masculine singular construct <a href="/hebrew/strongs_7230.htm">Strong's 7230: </a> Multitude, abundance, greatness transgressions. פְּשָׁעֶ֑יהָ (pə·šā·‘e·hā) Noun - masculine plural construct | third person feminine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_6588.htm">Strong's 6588: </a> Transgression Her children עוֹלָלֶ֛יהָ (‘ō·w·lā·le·hā) Noun - masculine plural construct | third person feminine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_5768.htm">Strong's 5768: </a> A suckling have gone away הָלְכ֥וּ (hā·lə·ḵū) Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural <a href="/hebrew/strongs_1980.htm">Strong's 1980: </a> To go, come, walk as captives שְׁבִ֖י (šə·ḇî) Noun - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_7628.htm">Strong's 7628: </a> Exiled, captured, exile, booty before לִפְנֵי־ (lip̄·nê-) Preposition-l | Noun - masculine plural construct <a href="/hebrew/strongs_6440.htm">Strong's 6440: </a> The face the enemy. צָֽר׃ (ṣār) Noun - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_6862.htm">Strong's 6862: </a> Narrow, a tight place, a pebble, an opponent <div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/lamentations/1-5.htm">Lamentations 1:5 NIV</a> <a href="/nlt/lamentations/1-5.htm">Lamentations 1:5 NLT</a> <a href="/esv/lamentations/1-5.htm">Lamentations 1:5 ESV</a> <a href="/nasb/lamentations/1-5.htm">Lamentations 1:5 NASB</a> <a href="/kjv/lamentations/1-5.htm">Lamentations 1:5 KJV</a> <a href="//bibleapps.com/lamentations/1-5.htm">Lamentations 1:5 BibleApps.com</a> <a href="//bibliaparalela.com/lamentations/1-5.htm">Lamentations 1:5 Biblia Paralela</a> <a href="//holybible.com.cn/lamentations/1-5.htm">Lamentations 1:5 Chinese Bible</a> <a href="//saintebible.com/lamentations/1-5.htm">Lamentations 1:5 French Bible</a> <a href="/catholic/lamentations/1-5.htm">Lamentations 1:5 Catholic Bible</a> <a href="/lamentations/1-5.htm">OT Prophets: Lamentations 1:5 Her adversaries are become the head her (Lam. La Lm) </a></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="left"><a href="/lamentations/1-4.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="Lamentations 1:4"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="Lamentations 1:4" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/lamentations/1-6.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="Lamentations 1:6"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="Lamentations 1:6" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>