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<span>Software</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Models" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Models"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Models</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Models-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Models subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Models-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Apple_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apple_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Apple II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apple_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apple_II_Plus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apple_II_Plus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Apple II Plus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apple_II_Plus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Apple_II_Europlus_and_J-Plus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apple_II_Europlus_and_J-Plus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Apple II Europlus and J-Plus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apple_II_Europlus_and_J-Plus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apple_IIe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apple_IIe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Apple IIe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apple_IIe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apple_IIc" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apple_IIc"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Apple IIc</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apple_IIc-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apple_IIGS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apple_IIGS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Apple IIGS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apple_IIGS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apple_IIc_Plus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apple_IIc_Plus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Apple IIc Plus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apple_IIc_Plus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apple_IIe_Card" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apple_IIe_Card"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Apple IIe Card</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apple_IIe_Card-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Advertising,_marketing,_and_packaging" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advertising,_marketing,_and_packaging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Advertising, marketing, and packaging</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advertising,_marketing,_and_packaging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Clones</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Data_storage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Data_storage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Data storage</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Data_storage-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Data storage subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Data_storage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cassette" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cassette"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Cassette</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cassette-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_OS_Disk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_OS_Disk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>The OS Disk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_OS_Disk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legacy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Modern_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Modern use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Apple II</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_II-reeks" title="Apple II-reeks – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Apple II-reeks" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%84_2_(%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A9)" title="آبل 2 (سلسلة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آبل 2 (سلسلة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Apple II" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Apple II" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Apple II" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Apple II" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Apple II" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Apple II" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Apple II" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Apple II" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84_%DB%B2" title="سری اپل ۲ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سری اپل ۲" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%A0%ED%94%8C_II" title="애플 II – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="애플 II" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Apple II" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Apple II" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="Apple II" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Apple II" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%BE%D9%84_2_(%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84)" title="آپل 2 (سلاسل) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="آپل 2 (سلاسل)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siri_Apple_II" title="Siri Apple II – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Siri Apple II" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_II-familie" title="Apple II-familie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Apple II-familie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Apple II" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Apple II" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Apple II" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%BE%D9%84_II" title="ایپل II – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایپل II" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Apple II" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9rie_Apple_II" title="Série Apple II – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Série Apple II" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Apple II" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="Apple II" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Apple II" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Apple II" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Apple II" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Apple II" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Apple II" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_II_(%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Apple II (серія) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Apple II (серія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="Apple II" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Apple II" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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searchaux" style="display:none">1977–1993 series of microcomputers</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the 1977–1993 line of microcomputers. 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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hproduct vevent"><caption class="infobox-title fn summary">Apple II</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple2Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Apple2Logo.svg/220px-Apple2Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Apple2Logo.svg/330px-Apple2Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Apple2Logo.svg/440px-Apple2Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="781" data-file-height="230" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_II-IMG_7064.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Apple_II-IMG_7064.jpg/220px-Apple_II-IMG_7064.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Apple_II-IMG_7064.jpg/330px-Apple_II-IMG_7064.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Apple_II-IMG_7064.jpg/440px-Apple_II-IMG_7064.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">1977 Apple II shown with two Disk II floppy drives and a 1980s-era Monitor II</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Developer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak" title="Steve Wozniak">Steve Wozniak</a> (original lead designer)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Computer, Inc.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Release date</th><td class="infobox-data">June 1977<span class="noprint">; 47 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1977-06</span>)</span> (<a href="/wiki/Apple_II_(original)" title="Apple II (original)">original Apple II</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-hist70_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hist70-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discontinued</th><td class="infobox-data">October 1993<span class="noprint">; 31 years ago</span><span style="display: none;"> (<span class="dtend">1993-10</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1280115419">.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist,.mw-parser-output ul.andlist,.mw-parser-output ul.andlistoxford{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist-embedded{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li,.mw-parser-output .andlist li,.mw-parser-output .andlistoxford li{margin:0;padding:0 0.25em 0 0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:after,.mw-parser-output .andlistoxford li:after{content:", "}.mw-parser-output .sslist li:after{content:"; "}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .andlist li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .andlistoxford li:last-child:after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .andlist li:nth-last-child(2):after{content:" and "}.mw-parser-output .andlistoxford li:nth-last-child(2):after{content:", and "}</style><ul class="cslist"><li><a href="/wiki/Integer_BASIC" title="Integer BASIC">Integer BASIC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_DOS" title="Apple DOS">Apple DOS</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_ProDOS" title="Apple ProDOS">ProDOS</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_GS/OS" title="Apple GS/OS">GS/OS</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/GNO/ME" title="GNO/ME">GNO/ME</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">CPU</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/MOS_Technology_6502" title="MOS Technology 6502">6502</a> @ 1.023 MHz (<a href="/wiki/Apple_II_(original)" title="Apple II (original)">II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apple_II_Plus" title="Apple II Plus">II Plus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apple_IIe" title="Apple IIe">IIe</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/65C02" class="mw-redirect" title="65C02">65C02</a> @ 1.023–4 MHz (Enhanced IIe, <a href="/wiki/Apple_IIc" title="Apple IIc">IIc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apple_IIc_Plus" title="Apple IIc Plus">IIc Plus</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/WDC_65C816" title="WDC 65C816">65C816</a> @ 2.8 MHz (<a href="/wiki/Apple_IIGS" title="Apple IIGS">IIGS</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Storage</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compact_Cassette" title="Compact Cassette">Audio cassette</a></li><li>5.25 inch floppy disk</li><li>3.5 inch floppy disk</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Display</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC">NTSC</a> video out (built-in <a href="/wiki/RCA_connector" title="RCA connector">RCA connector</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sound</th><td class="infobox-data">Internal beeper</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Apple_I" title="Apple I">Apple I</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Apple_III" title="Apple III">Apple III</a> (intended)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Apple II</b> ("apple <a href="/wiki/2" title="2">two</a>, stylized as Apple ][") is a series of <a href="/wiki/Microcomputer" title="Microcomputer">microcomputers</a> manufactured by <a href="/wiki/Apple_Computer,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Computer, Inc.">Apple Computer, Inc.</a> from 1977 to 1993. The <a href="/wiki/Apple_II_(original)" title="Apple II (original)">original Apple II model</a>, which gave the series its name, was designed by <a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak" title="Steve Wozniak">Steve Wozniak</a> and was first sold on June 10, 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple_II_intro_date_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple_II_intro_date-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its success led to it being followed by the <a href="/wiki/Apple_II_Plus" title="Apple II Plus">Apple II Plus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apple_IIe" title="Apple IIe">Apple IIe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apple_IIc" title="Apple IIc">Apple IIc</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Apple_IIc_Plus" title="Apple IIc Plus">Apple IIc Plus</a>, with the 1983 IIe being the most popular. The name is trademarked with square brackets as <b>Apple ][</b>, then, beginning with the IIe, as <b>Apple //</b>. </p><p>The Apple II was a major advancement over its predecessor, the <a href="/wiki/Apple_I" title="Apple I">Apple I</a>, in terms of ease of use, features, and expandability. It became one of several recognizable and successful computers throughout the 1980s, although this was mainly limited to the US. It was aggressively marketed through volume discounts and <a href="/wiki/Manufacturing" title="Manufacturing">manufacturing</a> arrangements to educational institutions, which made it the first computer in widespread use in American secondary schools, displacing the early leader <a href="/wiki/Commodore_PET" title="Commodore PET">Commodore PET</a>. The effort to develop educational and business <a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a> for the Apple II, including the 1979 release of the popular <a href="/wiki/VisiCalc" title="VisiCalc">VisiCalc</a> <a href="/wiki/Spreadsheet" title="Spreadsheet">spreadsheet</a>, made the computer especially popular with business users and families.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Apple II computers are based on the <a href="/wiki/6502" class="mw-redirect" title="6502">6502</a> <a href="/wiki/8-bit_computing" title="8-bit computing">8-bit</a> <a href="/wiki/Processor_(computing)" title="Processor (computing)">processor</a> and can display text and two resolutions of color graphics. A software-controlled speaker provides one channel of low-fidelity audio. A model with more advanced graphics and sound and a 16-bit processor, the <a href="/wiki/Apple_IIGS" title="Apple IIGS">Apple II<small>GS</small></a>, was added in 1986. It remained compatible with earlier Apple II models, but the II<small>GS</small> has more in common with mid-1980s systems like the <a href="/wiki/Atari_ST" title="Atari ST">Atari ST</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amiga" title="Amiga">Amiga</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Acorn_Archimedes" title="Acorn Archimedes">Acorn Archimedes</a>. </p><p>Despite the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Motorola_68000" title="Motorola 68000">Motorola 68000</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K">Macintosh</a> in 1984, the Apple II series still reportedly accounted for 85% of the company's hardware sales in the first quarter of fiscal 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-libes198506_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-libes198506-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apple continued to sell Apple II systems alongside the Macintosh until terminating the II<small>GS</small> in December 1992<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the IIe in November 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last II-series Apple in production, the <a href="/wiki/Apple_IIe_Card" title="Apple IIe Card">IIe card for Macintoshes</a>, was discontinued on October 15, 1993; having been one of the longest running mass-produced home computer series, the total Apple II sales of all of its models during its 16-year production run were about 6 million units (including about 1.25 million Apple II<small>GS</small> models) with the peak occurring in 1983 when 1 million were sold.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hardware">Hardware</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apple_II&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Hardware"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_iie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Apple_iie.jpg/250px-Apple_iie.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Apple_iie.jpg/330px-Apple_iie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Apple_iie.jpg/500px-Apple_iie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Apple IIe with DuoDisk and Monitor //</figcaption></figure> <p>Unlike preceding home microcomputers, the Apple II was sold as a finished consumer appliance rather than as a kit (unassembled or preassembled). Apple marketed the Apple II as a durable product, including a 1981 <a href="/wiki/Advertising" title="Advertising">ad</a> in which an Apple II survived a <a href="/wiki/Fire" title="Fire">fire</a> started when a cat belonging to one early user knocked over a lamp.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All the machines in the series, except the IIc, share similar overall design elements. The plastic case was designed to look more like a <a href="/wiki/Small_appliance" title="Small appliance">home appliance</a> than a piece of <a href="/wiki/Electronics" title="Electronics">electronic</a> equipment,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the case can be opened without the use of tools. All models in the Apple II series have a built-in keyboard, with the exception of the II<small>GS</small> which has a separate keyboard. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_IIc_with_monitor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Apple_IIc_with_monitor.jpg/250px-Apple_IIc_with_monitor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Apple_IIc_with_monitor.jpg/330px-Apple_IIc_with_monitor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Apple_IIc_with_monitor.jpg/500px-Apple_IIc_with_monitor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption>Apple IIc with monitor</figcaption></figure> <p>Apple IIs have color and high-resolution <a href="/wiki/Apple_II_graphics" title="Apple II graphics">graphics modes</a>, sound capabilities and a built-in <a href="/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC">BASIC</a> programming language. The <a href="/wiki/Motherboard" title="Motherboard">motherboard</a> holds eight <a href="/wiki/Expansion_slot" class="mw-redirect" title="Expansion slot">expansion slots</a> and an array of random access memory (RAM) sockets that can hold up to 48 <a href="/wiki/Kilobyte" title="Kilobyte">kilobytes</a>. Over the course of the Apple II series' life, an enormous amount of first- and third-party hardware was made available to extend the capabilities of the machine. The IIc was designed as a compact, portable unit, not intended to be disassembled, and cannot use most of the expansion hardware sold for the other machines in the series. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_Museum_(Prague)_Apple_IIGS_Woz_(1986).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Apple_Museum_%28Prague%29_Apple_IIGS_Woz_%281986%29.jpg/220px-Apple_Museum_%28Prague%29_Apple_IIGS_Woz_%281986%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Apple_Museum_%28Prague%29_Apple_IIGS_Woz_%281986%29.jpg/330px-Apple_Museum_%28Prague%29_Apple_IIGS_Woz_%281986%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Apple_Museum_%28Prague%29_Apple_IIGS_Woz_%281986%29.jpg/440px-Apple_Museum_%28Prague%29_Apple_IIGS_Woz_%281986%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3702" data-file-height="2750" /></a><figcaption>Apple II<small>GS</small></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Software">Software</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apple_II&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Software"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Apple_II_(original)" title="Apple II (original)">original Apple II</a> has the <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> in <a href="/wiki/Read-only_memory" title="Read-only memory">ROM</a> along with a BASIC variant called <a href="/wiki/Integer_BASIC" title="Integer BASIC">Integer BASIC</a>. Apple eventually released <a href="/wiki/Applesoft_BASIC" title="Applesoft BASIC">Applesoft BASIC</a>, a more advanced variant of the language which users can run instead of Integer BASIC. The Apple II series eventually supported over 1,500 software programs. </p><p>When the <a href="/wiki/Disk_II" title="Disk II">Disk II</a> floppy disk drive was released in 1978, a new operating system, <a href="/wiki/Apple_DOS" title="Apple DOS">Apple DOS</a>, was commissioned from <a href="/wiki/Shepardson_Microsystems" title="Shepardson Microsystems">Shepardson Microsystems</a><sup id="cite_ref-Apple_DOS_commissioned_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple_DOS_commissioned-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Apple_DOS_contract_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple_DOS_contract-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and developed by Paul Laughton, adding support for the disk drive.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple_DOS_developer_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple_DOS_developer-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The final and most popular version of this software was Apple DOS 3.3. </p><p>Apple DOS was superseded by <a href="/wiki/Apple_ProDOS" title="Apple ProDOS">ProDOS</a>, which supported a <a href="/wiki/Hierarchical_file_system" title="Hierarchical file system">hierarchical file system</a> and larger storage devices. With an optional third-party <a href="/wiki/Zilog_Z80" title="Zilog Z80">Z80</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Expansion_card" title="Expansion card">expansion card</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-z80_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-z80-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Apple II could boot into the <a href="/wiki/CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a> operating system and run <a href="/wiki/WordStar" title="WordStar">WordStar</a>, <a href="/wiki/DBase" title="DBase">dBase II</a>, and other CP/M software. With the release of MousePaint in 1984 and the Apple II<small>GS</small> in 1986, the platform took on the look of the <a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">Macintosh</a> user interface, including a mouse. </p><p>Much commercial Apple II software shipped on <a href="/wiki/Self-booting_disk" title="Self-booting disk">self-booting disks</a> and does not use standard DOS disk formats. This discouraged the copying or modifying of the software on the disks, and improved loading speed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Models">Models</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apple_II&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Models"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apple_II">Apple II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apple_II&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Apple II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Apple_II_(original)" title="Apple II (original)">Apple II (original)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Micromodem_II_in_Apple_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Micromodem_II_in_Apple_II.jpg/220px-Micromodem_II_in_Apple_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Micromodem_II_in_Apple_II.jpg/330px-Micromodem_II_in_Apple_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Micromodem_II_in_Apple_II.jpg/440px-Micromodem_II_in_Apple_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="336" /></a><figcaption>An Apple II computer with an internal <a href="/wiki/Modem" title="Modem">modem</a> and external <a href="/wiki/Data_access_arrangement" title="Data access arrangement">DAA</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The first Apple II computers went on sale on June 10, 1977<sup id="cite_ref-Apple_II_intro_date_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple_II_intro_date-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Apple_II_History_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple_II_History-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a <a href="/wiki/MOS_Technology_6502" title="MOS Technology 6502">MOS Technology 6502</a> (later <a href="/wiki/Synertek" title="Synertek">Synertek</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> microprocessor running at 1.023 <a href="/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">MHz</a>, 4 KB of <a href="/wiki/Random-access_memory" title="Random-access memory">RAM</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Audio_cassette_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio cassette interface">audio cassette interface</a> for loading programs and storing data, and the <a href="/wiki/Integer_BASIC" title="Integer BASIC">Integer BASIC</a> programming language built into the <a href="/wiki/Read-only_memory" title="Read-only memory">ROMs</a>. The video controller displayed 40 columns by 24 lines of monochrome, upper-case-only (the original character set matches <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> characters 0x20 to 0x5F) text on the screen, with <a href="/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC">NTSC</a> <a href="/wiki/Composite_video" title="Composite video">composite video</a> output suitable for display on a TV monitor, or on a regular TV set by way of a separate <a href="/wiki/RF_modulator" title="RF modulator">RF modulator</a>. The original retail price of the computer was <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$1,298</span> (equivalent to $6,700 in 2024)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>(with 4 KB of RAM) and <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$2,638</span> (equivalent to $13,700 in 2024) (with the maximum 48 KB of RAM). To reflect the computer's <a href="/wiki/Apple_II_graphics" title="Apple II graphics">color graphics</a> capability, the Apple logo on the casing was represented using rainbow stripes,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which remained a part of Apple's corporate logo until early 1998. The earliest Apple IIs were assembled in <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a>, and later in Texas;<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Printed_circuit_board" title="Printed circuit board">printed circuit boards</a> were manufactured in Ireland and <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>. </p><p>An external <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">5<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span>-inch <a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">floppy disk</a> drive, the <a href="/wiki/Disk_II" title="Disk II">Disk II</a>, attached via a controller card that plugged into one of the computer's expansion slots (usually slot 6), was used for data storage and retrieval to replace cassettes. The Disk II interface, created by <a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak" title="Steve Wozniak">Steve Wozniak</a>, was regarded as an engineering masterpiece for its economy of electronic components.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rather than having a dedicated sound-synthesis chip, the Apple II had a toggle circuit that could only emit a click through a built-in speaker; all other sounds (including two, three and, eventually, four-voice music and playback of audio samples and speech synthesis) were generated entirely by software that clicked the speaker at just the right times. </p><p>The Apple II's multiple expansion slots permitted a wide variety of third-party devices, including <a href="/wiki/Apple_II_peripheral_cards" title="Apple II peripheral cards">Apple II peripheral cards</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Apple_II_serial_cards" title="Apple II serial cards">serial controllers</a>, display controllers, memory boards, hard disks, networking components, and <a href="/wiki/Apple_II_system_clocks" title="Apple II system clocks">real-time clocks</a>. There were plug-in <a href="/wiki/Apple_II_processor_cards" title="Apple II processor cards">expansion cards</a> – such as the <a href="/wiki/Z-80_SoftCard" title="Z-80 SoftCard">Z-80 SoftCard</a><sup id="cite_ref-z80_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-z80-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – that permitted the Apple to use the <a href="/wiki/Zilog_Z80" title="Zilog Z80">Z80</a> processor and run a multitude of programs developed under the <a href="/wiki/CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a> operating system,<sup id="cite_ref-z80_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-z80-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including the <a href="/wiki/DBase" title="DBase">dBase II</a> database and the <a href="/wiki/WordStar" title="WordStar">WordStar</a> word processor. There was also a third-party <a href="/wiki/Motorola_6809" title="Motorola 6809">6809</a> card that would allow <a href="/wiki/OS-9" title="OS-9">OS-9</a> Level One to be run.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Third-party <a href="/wiki/Apple_II_sound_cards" title="Apple II sound cards">sound cards</a> greatly improved audio capabilities, allowing simple music synthesis and text-to-speech functions. Eventually, <a href="/wiki/Apple_II_accelerators" title="Apple II accelerators">Apple II accelerator cards</a> were created to double or quadruple the computer's speed. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rod_Holt" title="Rod Holt">Rod Holt</a> designed the Apple II's power supply. He employed a <a href="/wiki/Switched-mode_power_supply" title="Switched-mode power supply">switched-mode power supply</a> design, which was far smaller and generated less unwanted heat than the <a href="/wiki/Linear_power_supply" class="mw-redirect" title="Linear power supply">linear power supply</a> some other home computers used.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The original Apple II was discontinued at the start of 1981; it was superseded by the <a href="/wiki/Apple_II%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple II+">Apple II+</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apple_II_Plus">Apple II Plus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apple_II&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Apple II Plus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Apple_II_Plus" title="Apple II Plus">Apple II Plus</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_II_Plus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Apple_II_Plus.jpg/220px-Apple_II_Plus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Apple_II_Plus.jpg/330px-Apple_II_Plus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Apple_II_Plus.jpg/440px-Apple_II_Plus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Apple II Plus</figcaption></figure> <p>The Apple II Plus, introduced in June 1979,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> included the <a href="/wiki/Applesoft_BASIC" title="Applesoft BASIC">Applesoft BASIC</a> programming language in <a href="/wiki/Read-only_memory" title="Read-only memory">ROM.</a> This <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>-authored dialect of BASIC, which was previously available as an upgrade, supported floating-point arithmetic, and became the standard BASIC dialect on the Apple II series (though it ran at a noticeably slower speed than Steve Wozniak's Integer BASIC). </p><p>Except for improved graphics and disk-booting support in the ROM, and the removal of the 2k 6502 assembler to make room for the floating point BASIC, the II+ was otherwise identical to the original II in terms of electronic functionality. There were small differences in the physical appearance and keyboard. RAM prices fell during 1980–81 and all II+ machines came from the factory with a full 48 KB of memory already installed.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Apple_II_Europlus_and_J-Plus">Apple II Europlus and J-Plus</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apple_II&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Apple II Europlus and J-Plus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_II_plus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Apple_II_plus.jpg/250px-Apple_II_plus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Apple_II_plus.jpg/330px-Apple_II_plus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Apple_II_plus.jpg/500px-Apple_II_plus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="792" /></a><figcaption>Apple II Europlus</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_II_J-Plus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Apple_II_J-Plus.jpg/220px-Apple_II_J-Plus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Apple_II_J-Plus.jpg/330px-Apple_II_J-Plus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Apple_II_J-Plus.jpg/440px-Apple_II_J-Plus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Apple II J-Plus</figcaption></figure> <p>After the success of the first Apple II in the United States, Apple expanded its market to include Europe, the Middle East, Australia and the Far East in 1979, with the <b>Apple II Europlus</b> (Europe, Australia) and the <b>Apple II J-Plus</b> (Japan). In these models, Apple made the necessary hardware, software and <a href="/wiki/Firmware" title="Firmware">firmware</a> changes in order to comply to standards outside of the US. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apple_IIe">Apple IIe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apple_II&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Apple IIe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Apple_IIe" title="Apple IIe">Apple IIe</a></div> <p>The Apple II Plus was followed in 1983 by the Apple IIe, a cost-reduced yet more powerful machine that used newer chips to reduce the component count and add new features, such as the display of upper and lowercase letters and a standard 64 KB of RAM. </p><p>The IIe RAM was configured as if it were a 48 KB Apple II Plus with a language card. The machine had no slot 0, but instead had an auxiliary slot that could accept a 1 KB memory card to enable the 80-column display. This card contained only RAM; the hardware and firmware for the 80-column display was built into the Apple IIe. An "extended 80-column card" with more memory increased the machine's RAM to 128 KB. </p><p>The Apple IIe was the most popular machine in the Apple II series. It has the distinction of being the longest-lived Apple computer of all time—it was manufactured and sold with only minor changes for nearly 11 years. The IIe was the last Apple II model to be sold, and was discontinued in November 1993. </p><p>During its lifespan two variations were introduced: the <b>Apple IIe Enhanced</b> (four replacement chips to give it some of the features of the later model <a href="/wiki/Apple_IIc" title="Apple IIc">Apple IIc</a>) and the <b>Apple IIe Platinum</b> (a modernized case color to match other Apple products of the era, along with the addition of a <a href="/wiki/Numeric_keypad" title="Numeric keypad">numeric keypad</a>). </p><p>Some of the feature of the IIe were carried over from the less successful <i><a href="/wiki/Apple_III" title="Apple III">Apple III</a></i>, among them the <a href="/wiki/Apple_ProDOS" title="Apple ProDOS">ProDOS</a> operating system. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apple_IIc">Apple IIc</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apple_II&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Apple IIc"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Apple_IIc" title="Apple IIc">Apple IIc</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_iicb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Apple_iicb.jpg/220px-Apple_iicb.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Apple_iicb.jpg/330px-Apple_iicb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Apple_iicb.jpg/440px-Apple_iicb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The Apple IIc was Apple's first compact and portable computer.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Apple IIc was released in April 1984, billed as a portable Apple II because it could be easily carried due to its size and carrying handle, which could be flipped down to prop the machine up into a typing position. Unlike modern <a href="/wiki/Portable_computer" title="Portable computer">portables</a>, it lacked a built-in display and battery. It was the first of three Apple II models to be made in the <a href="/wiki/Snow_White_design_language" title="Snow White design language">Snow White design language</a>, and the only one that used its unique creamy off-white color.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Apple IIc was the first Apple II to use the <a href="/wiki/WDC_65C02" title="WDC 65C02">65C02</a> low-power variant of the 6502 processor, and featured a built-in 5.25-inch floppy drive and 128 KB RAM, with a built-in disk controller that could control external drives, composite video (NTSC or PAL), serial interfaces for modem and printer, and a port usable by either a joystick or mouse. Unlike previous Apple II models, the IIc had no internal expansion slots at all. </p><p>Two different monochrome <a href="/wiki/Liquid-crystal_display" title="Liquid-crystal display">LC</a> displays were sold for use with the IIc's video expansion port, although both were short-lived due to high cost and poor legibility. The IIc had an external power supply that converted AC power to 15 V DC, though the IIc itself will accept between 12 V and 17 V DC, allowing third parties to offer battery packs and automobile power adapters that connected in place of the supplied AC adapter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apple_IIGS">Apple II<small>GS</small></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apple_II&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Apple IIGS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Apple_IIGS" title="Apple IIGS">Apple IIGS</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_IIGS_with_peripherals.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Apple_IIGS_with_peripherals.jpg/250px-Apple_IIGS_with_peripherals.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Apple_IIGS_with_peripherals.jpg/330px-Apple_IIGS_with_peripherals.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Apple_IIGS_with_peripherals.jpg/500px-Apple_IIGS_with_peripherals.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4464" data-file-height="3352" /></a><figcaption>Apple IIGS with monitor, keyboard, mouse, joystick, 3.5" floppy disk drive and 5.25" floppy disk drive</figcaption></figure> <p>The Apple II<small>GS</small>, released on September 15, 1986, is the penultimate and most advanced model in the Apple II series, and a radical departure from prior models. It uses a <a href="/wiki/16-bit_computing" title="16-bit computing">16-bit</a> microprocessor, the <a href="/wiki/WDC_65816/65802" class="mw-redirect" title="WDC 65816/65802">65C816</a> operating at 2.8 MHz with 24-bit addressing, allowing expansion up to 8 MB of RAM. The graphics are significantly improved, with 4096 colors and new modes with resolutions of 320×200 and 640×400.<sup id="cite_ref-making_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-making-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The audio capabilities are vastly improved, with a built-in music synthesizer that far exceeded any other home computer. </p><p>The Apple II<small>GS</small> evolved the platform while still maintaining near-complete backward compatibility. Its <a href="/wiki/Mega_II" title="Mega II">Mega II</a> chip contains the functional equivalent of an entire Apple IIe computer (sans processor). This, combined with the 65816's ability to execute 65C02 code directly, provides full support for legacy software, while also supporting 16-bit software running under a new OS. </p><p>The OS eventually included a Macintosh-like graphical <a href="/wiki/Finder_(software)" title="Finder (software)">Finder</a> for managing disks and files and opening documents and applications, along with <a href="/wiki/Desk_accessory" title="Desk accessory">desk accessories</a>. Later, the II<small>GS</small> gained the ability to read and write Macintosh disks and, through third-party software, a multitasking <a href="/wiki/Unix_shell" title="Unix shell">Unix-like shell</a> and <a href="/wiki/TrueType" title="TrueType">TrueType</a> font support. </p><p>The GS includes a 32-voice Ensoniq 5503 DOC <a href="/wiki/Sample-based_synthesis" title="Sample-based synthesis">sample-based sound synthesizer</a> chip with 64 KB dedicated RAM,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 256 KB (or later 1.125 MB) of standard RAM, built-in peripheral ports with just a regular apple software preinstalled. (switchable between IIe-style card slots and IIc-style onboard controllers for disk drives, mouse, RGB video, and serial devices) and, built-in <a href="/wiki/AppleTalk" title="AppleTalk">AppleTalk</a> networking. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apple_IIc_Plus">Apple IIc Plus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apple_II&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Apple IIc Plus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Apple_IIc_Plus" title="Apple IIc Plus">Apple IIc Plus</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_IIc_Plus_(front).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Apple_IIc_Plus_%28front%29.jpg/250px-Apple_IIc_Plus_%28front%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Apple_IIc_Plus_%28front%29.jpg/330px-Apple_IIc_Plus_%28front%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Apple_IIc_Plus_%28front%29.jpg/500px-Apple_IIc_Plus_%28front%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="801" data-file-height="605" /></a><figcaption>The Apple IIc Plus, an enhancement of the original portable with faster CPU, 3.5-inch floppy, and built-in power supply. It was the last model in the Apple II line.</figcaption></figure> <p>The final Apple II model was the Apple IIc Plus introduced in 1988. It was the same size and shape as the IIc that came before it, but the 5.25-inch floppy drive had been replaced with a <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027" /><span class="frac">3<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>-inch drive, the power supply was moved inside the case, and the processor was a fast 4 MHz 65C02 processor that actually ran 8-bit Apple II software faster than the II<small>GS</small>. </p><p>The IIc Plus also featured a new keyboard layout that matched the Platinum IIe and II<small>GS</small>. Unlike the IIe IIc and II<small>GS</small>, the IIc Plus came only in one version (American) and was not officially sold anywhere outside the US. The Apple IIc Plus ceased production in 1990, with its two-year production run being the shortest of all the Apple II computers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apple_IIe_Card">Apple IIe Card</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apple_II&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Apple IIe Card"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Apple_IIe_Card" title="Apple IIe Card">Apple IIe Card</a></div> <p>Although not an extension of the Apple II line, in 1990 the Apple IIe Card, an expansion card for the <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_LC" title="Macintosh LC">Macintosh LC</a>, was released. Essentially a miniaturized Apple IIe computer on a card (using the Mega II chip from the Apple II<small>GS</small>), it allowed the Macintosh to run 8-bit Apple IIe software through <a href="/wiki/Hardware_emulation" title="Hardware emulation">hardware emulation</a>, with an option to run at roughly double the speed of the original IIe (about 1.8 MHz). However, the video output was emulated in software, and, depending on how much of the screen the currently running program was trying to update in a single frame, performance could be much slower compared to a real IIe. This is due to the fact that writes from the 65C02 on the IIe Card to video memory were caught by the additional hardware on the card, so the video emulation software running on the Macintosh side could process that write and update the video display. But, while the Macintosh was processing video updates, execution of Apple II code would be temporarily halted. </p><p>With a breakout cable which connected to the back of the card, the user could attach up to two <a href="/wiki/Disk_II#UniDisk_and_Apple_5.25_Drive" title="Disk II">UniDisk or Apple 5.25 Drives</a>, up to one <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_External_Disk_Drive#Apple_UniDisk_3.5" title="Macintosh External Disk Drive">UniDisk 3.5 drive</a>, and a DE-9 Apple II joystick. Many of the LC's built-in Macintosh peripherals could also be "borrowed" by the card when in Apple II mode, including extra RAM, the Mac's internal 3.5-inch floppy drives, AppleTalk networking, any ProDOS-formatted hard disk partitions, the serial ports, mouse, and real-time clock. The IIe card could not, however, run software intended for the 16-bit Apple II<small>GS</small>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Advertising,_marketing,_and_packaging"><span id="Advertising.2C_marketing.2C_and_packaging"></span>Advertising, marketing, and packaging</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apple_II&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Advertising, marketing, and packaging"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_II_advertisement_Dec_1977_page_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Apple_II_advertisement_Dec_1977_page_1.jpg/220px-Apple_II_advertisement_Dec_1977_page_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Apple_II_advertisement_Dec_1977_page_1.jpg/330px-Apple_II_advertisement_Dec_1977_page_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Apple_II_advertisement_Dec_1977_page_1.jpg/440px-Apple_II_advertisement_Dec_1977_page_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1597" data-file-height="2147" /></a><figcaption>A 1977 <i>Byte</i> magazine advertisement for the original Apple II</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Mike_Markkula" title="Mike Markkula">Mike Markkula</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Markkula1997_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Markkula1997-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a retired <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> marketing manager, provided the early critical funding for Apple Computer. From 1977 to 1981, Apple used the <a href="/wiki/Regis_McKenna" title="Regis McKenna">Regis McKenna</a> agency for its advertisements and marketing. In 1981, <a href="/wiki/Chiat/Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiat/Day">Chiat-Day</a> acquired Regis McKenna's advertising operations and Apple used Chiat-Day. At Regis McKenna Advertising, the team assigned to launch the Apple II consisted of <a href="/wiki/Rob_Janoff" title="Rob Janoff">Rob Janoff</a>, art director, Chip Schafer, copywriter and Bill Kelley, account executive. Janoff came up with the Apple logo with a bite out of it.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The design was originally an olive green with matching company logotype all in lowercase.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a> insisted on promoting the color capability of the Apple II by putting rainbow stripes on the Apple logo. In its letterhead and business card implementation, the rounded "a" of the logotype echoed the "bite" in the logo. This logo was developed simultaneously with an advertisement and a brochure; the latter being produced for distribution initially at the first <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Computer_Faire" title="West Coast Computer Faire">West Coast Computer Faire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the original Apple II, Apple has paid high attention to its quality of packaging, partly because of <a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a>' personal preferences and opinions on packaging and final product appearance.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All of Apple's packaging for the Apple II series looked similar, featuring much clean white space and showing the Apple rainbow logo prominently.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For several years up until the late 1980s, Apple used the <a href="/wiki/Apple_typography#Motter_Tektura" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple typography">Motter Tektura</a> font for packaging, until changing to the <a href="/wiki/Typography_and_logography_of_Apple_Computer#Apple_Garamond" class="mw-redirect" title="Typography and logography of Apple Computer">Apple Garamond</a> font.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Apple ran the first advertisement for the Apple II, a two-page spread ad titled "Introducing Apple II", in <i><a href="/wiki/BYTE" class="mw-redirect" title="BYTE">BYTE</a></i> in July 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-byte198509_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-byte198509-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first brochure, was entitled "Simplicity" and the copy in both the ad and brochure pioneered "demystifying" language intended to make the new idea of a home computer more "personal." The Apple II introduction ad was later run in the September 1977 issue of <i><a href="/wiki/Scientific_American" title="Scientific American">Scientific American</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Apple later aired eight television commercials for the Apple II<small>GS</small>, emphasizing its benefits to education and students, along with some print ads.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clones">Clones</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apple_II&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Clones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Apple_II_clones" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple II clones">Apple II clones</a></div> <p>The Apple II was frequently cloned, both in the United States and abroad, in a similar way to the IBM PC. According to some sources (see below), more than 190 different models of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Apple_II_clones" title="List of Apple II clones">Apple II clones</a> were manufactured.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most could not be legally imported into the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-mitchell19830906_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mitchell19830906-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apple sued and sought criminal charges against clone makers in more than a dozen countries.<sup id="cite_ref-caruso19840123_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-caruso19840123-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Data_storage">Data storage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apple_II&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Data storage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cassette">Cassette</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apple_II&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Cassette"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Originally the Apple II used <a href="/wiki/Compact_Cassette_(data)" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact Cassette (data)">Compact Cassette</a> tapes for program and data storage. A dedicated tape recorder along the lines of the <a href="/wiki/Commodore_Datasette" title="Commodore Datasette">Commodore Datasette</a> was never produced; Apple recommended using the <a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Panasonic</a> RQ309 in some of its early printed documentation. The uses of common consumer cassette recorders and a standard video monitor or television set (with a third-party <a href="/wiki/RF_modulator" title="RF modulator">RF modulator</a>) made the total cost of owning an Apple II less expensive and helped contribute to the Apple II's success. </p><p>Cassette storage may have been inexpensive, but it was also slow and unreliable. The Apple II's lack of a disk drive was "a glaring weakness" in what was otherwise intended to be a polished, professional product. Recognizing that the II needed a disk drive to be taken seriously, Apple set out to develop a disk drive and a DOS to run it. Wozniak spent the 1977 Christmas holidays designing a disk controller that reduced the number of chips used by a factor of 10 compared to existing controllers. Still lacking a DOS, and with Wozniak inexperienced in operating system design, Jobs approached Shepardson Microsystems with the project. On April 10, 1978, Apple signed a contract for $13,000 with Shepardson to develop the DOS.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Even after disk drives made the <a href="/wiki/Cassette_tape_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Cassette tape interface">cassette tape interfaces</a> obsolete they were still used by enthusiasts as simple one-bit audio input-output ports. Ham radio operators used the cassette input to receive slow scan TV (single frame images). A commercial speech recognition Blackjack program was available, after some user-specific voice training it would recognize simple commands (Hit, stand). Bob Bishop's "Music Kaleidoscope" was a simple program that monitored the cassette input port and based on zero-crossings created color patterns on the screen, a predecessor to current audio visualization plug-ins for media players. Music Kaleidoscope was especially popular on projection TV sets in dance halls. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_OS_Disk">The OS Disk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apple_II&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: The OS Disk"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Apple and many third-party developers made software available on tape at first, but after the Disk II became available in 1978, tape-based Apple II software essentially disappeared from the market. The initial price of the Disk II drive and controller was US$595, although a $100 off coupon was available through the Apple newsletter "Contact". The controller could handle two drives and a second drive (without controller) retailed for $495. </p><p>The Disk II single-sided floppy drive used 5.25-inch <a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">floppy disks</a>; double-sided disks could be used, one side at a time, by turning them over and notching a hole for the write protect sensor. The first <a href="/wiki/Disk_operating_system" title="Disk operating system">disk operating systems</a> for the <span class="nowrap">Apple II</span> were <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Apple_DOS" title="Apple DOS">DOS 3.1</a></span> and DOS 3.2, which stored 113.75 KB on each disk, organized into 35 tracks of 13 256-byte sectors each. After about two years, DOS 3.3 was introduced, storing 140 KB thanks to a minor firmware change on the disk controller that allowed it to store 16 sectors per track. (This upgrade was user-installable as two PROMs on older controllers.) After the release of DOS 3.3, the user community discontinued use of <span class="nowrap">DOS 3.2</span> except for running legacy software. Programs that required DOS 3.2 were fairly rare; however, as DOS 3.3 was not a major architectural change aside from the number of sectors per track, a program called MUFFIN was provided with DOS 3.3 to allow users to copy files from DOS 3.2 disks to DOS 3.3 disks. It was possible for software developers to create a DOS 3.2 disk which would also boot on a system with <span class="nowrap">DOS 3.3</span> firmware. </p><p>Later, double-sided drives, with heads to read both sides of the disk, became available from third-party companies. (Apple only produced double-sided 5.25-inch disks for the Lisa 1 computer). </p><p>On a DOS 3.x disk, tracks 0, 1, and most of track 2 were reserved to store the operating system. (It was possible, with a special utility, to reclaim most of this space for data if a disk did not need to be bootable.) A short ROM program on the disk controller had the ability to seek to track zero –  which it did without regard for the read/write head's current position, resulting in the characteristic "chattering" sound of a Disk II boot, which was the read/write head hitting the rubber stop block at the end of the rail – and read and execute code from sector 0. The code contained in there would then pull in the rest of the operating system. DOS stored the disk's directory on track 17, smack in the middle of the 35-track disks, in order to reduce the average <a href="/wiki/Seek_time" class="mw-redirect" title="Seek time">seek time</a> to the frequently used directory track. The directory was fixed in size and could hold a maximum of 105 files. Subdirectories were not supported. </p><p>Most game publishers did not include DOS on their floppy disks, since they needed the memory it occupied more than its capabilities; instead, they often wrote their own boot loaders and read-only file systems. This also served to discourage "crackers" from snooping around in the game's copy-protection code, since the data on the disk was not in files that could be accessed easily. </p><p>Some third-party manufacturers produced floppy drives that could write 40 tracks to most 5.25-inch disks, yielding 160 KB of storage per disk, but the format did not catch on widely, and no known commercial software was published on 40-track media. Most drives, even Disk IIs, could write 36 tracks; a two byte modification to DOS to format the extra track was common. </p><p>The Apple Disk II stored 140 KB on single-sided, "single-density" floppy disks, but it was very common for Apple II users to extend the capacity of a single-sided floppy disk to 280 KB by cutting out a second write-protect notch on the side of the disk using a "disk notcher" or hole puncher and inserting the disk flipped over. Double-sided disks, with notches on both sides, were available at a higher price, but in practice the magnetic coating on the reverse of nominally single-sided disks was usually of good enough quality to be used (both sides were coated in the same way to prevent warping, although only one side was certified for use). Early on, diskette manufacturers routinely warned that this technique would damage the read/write head of the drives or wear out the disk faster, and these warnings were frequently repeated in magazines of the day. In practice, however, this method was an inexpensive way to store twice as much data for no extra cost, and was widely used for commercially released floppies as well. </p><p>Later, Apple IIs were able to use 3.5-inch disks with a total capacity of 800 KB and hard disks. <span class="nowrap">DOS 3.3</span> did not support these drives natively; third-party software was required, and disks larger than about 400 KB had to be split up into multiple "virtual disk volumes." </p><p>DOS 3.3 was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Apple_ProDOS" title="Apple ProDOS">ProDOS</a>, a 1983 descendant of the Apple ///'s SOS. It added support for subdirectories and volumes up to 32 MB in size. ProDOS became the <span class="nowrap">Apple II</span> DOS of choice; <a href="/wiki/AppleWorks" title="AppleWorks">AppleWorks</a> and other newer programs required it. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apple_II&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_II_Europlus_Tietokonemuseo.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Apple_II_Europlus_Tietokonemuseo.JPG/220px-Apple_II_Europlus_Tietokonemuseo.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Apple_II_Europlus_Tietokonemuseo.JPG/330px-Apple_II_Europlus_Tietokonemuseo.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Apple_II_Europlus_Tietokonemuseo.JPG/440px-Apple_II_Europlus_Tietokonemuseo.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3143" data-file-height="4194" /></a><figcaption>Apple II Europlus computer with Scandinavian keyboard layout in <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>'s computer and game console museum</figcaption></figure> <p>The Apple II series of computers had an enormous impact on the technology industry and expanded the role of microcomputers in society. The Apple II was the first personal computer many people ever saw. Its price was within the reach of many middle-class families, and a partnership with <a href="/wiki/MECC" title="MECC">MECC</a> helped make the Apple II popular in schools.<sup id="cite_ref-lussenhop20110119_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lussenhop20110119-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of 1980 Apple had already sold over 100,000 Apple IIs,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and at the introduction of the II<small>GS</small>, <span class="nowrap">3 million</span> models in the range had been sold. However, in other markets, the range saw rather more limited adoption, with only 120,000 units selling in the UK over this nine-year period.<sup id="cite_ref-practicalcomputing198611_iigs_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-practicalcomputing198611_iigs-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Apple II's popularity bootstrapped the <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal computer game">computer game</a> and <a href="/wiki/Educational_software" title="Educational software">educational software</a> markets and began the boom in the <a href="/wiki/Word_processor" title="Word processor">word processor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Computer_printer" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer printer">computer printer</a> markets. The first spreadsheet application, <a href="/wiki/VisiCalc" title="VisiCalc">VisiCalc</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was initially released for the Apple II, and many businesses bought them just to run VisiCalc. Its success drove <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> in part to create the <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM PC">IBM PC</a>, which many businesses purchased to run spreadsheet and word processing software, at first ported from Apple II versions. </p><p>The Apple II's slots, allowing any peripheral card to take control of the bus and directly access memory, enabled an independent industry of card manufacturers who together created a flood of hardware products that let users build systems that were far more powerful and useful (at a lower cost) than any competing system, most of which were not nearly as expandable and were universally proprietary. The first peripheral card was a blank prototyping card intended for electronics enthusiasts who wanted to design their own peripherals for the Apple II. </p><p>Specialty peripherals kept the Apple II in use in industry and education environments for many years after Apple Computer stopped supporting the Apple II.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Well into the 1990s every clean-room (the super-clean facility where spacecraft are prepared for flight) at the Kennedy Space Center used an Apple II to monitor the environment and air quality.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Most planetariums used Apple IIs to control their projectors and other equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Even the game port was unusually powerful and could be used for digital and analog input and output. The early manuals included instructions for how to build a circuit with only four commonly available components (one transistor and three resistors) and a software routine to drive a common <a href="/wiki/Teletype_Model_33" title="Teletype Model 33">Teletype Model 33</a> machine. <a href="/wiki/Don_Lancaster" title="Don Lancaster">Don Lancaster</a> used the game port <a href="/wiki/I/O" class="mw-redirect" title="I/O">I/O</a> to drive a <a href="/wiki/LaserWriter" title="LaserWriter">LaserWriter</a> printer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_use">Modern use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apple_II&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Modern use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Today, <a href="/wiki/Apple_II_emulators" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple II emulators">emulators</a> for various Apple II models are available to run Apple II software on <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>, homebrew enabled <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_DS" title="Nintendo DS">Nintendo DS</a> and other operating systems. Numerous <a href="/wiki/Disk_image" title="Disk image">disk images</a> of Apple II software are available free over the Internet for use with these emulators. <a href="/wiki/AppleWin" title="AppleWin">AppleWin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Multi_Emulator_Super_System" title="Multi Emulator Super System">MESS</a> are among the best emulators compatible with most Apple II images. The MESS emulator supports recording and playing back of Apple II emulation sessions, as does Home Action Replay Page (a.k.a. HARP).<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is still a small annual convention, <a href="/wiki/KansasFest" title="KansasFest">KansasFest</a>, dedicated to the platform. </p><p>In 2017, the band <a href="/wiki/8_Bit_Weapon" title="8 Bit Weapon">8 Bit Weapon</a> released the world's first 100% Apple II-based music album entitled, "Class Apples". The album featured dance-oriented cover versions of classical music by Bach, Beethoven, and Mozart recorded directly off the Apple II motherboard.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Timeline of Apple II family <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Timeline_of_Apple_II_family" title="Template:Timeline of Apple II family"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Timeline_of_Apple_II_family" title="Template talk:Timeline of Apple II family"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Timeline_of_Apple_II_family" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Timeline of Apple II family"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td><div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_9e2023l0oh1m9rw6883wy8qw845jip0"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/PowerPC_600%23PowerPC_603" coords="837,73,890,94" title="PowerPC 600#PowerPC 603" alt="PowerPC 600#PowerPC 603" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Macintosh_LC" coords="644,73,747,94" title="Macintosh LC" alt="Macintosh LC" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Macintosh_II" 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IIGS" alt="Apple IIGS" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_IIe%23The_Enhanced_IIe" coords="404,23,484,43" title="Apple IIe#The Enhanced IIe" alt="Apple IIe#The Enhanced IIe" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_IIc_Plus" coords="554,6,668,27" title="Apple IIc Plus" alt="Apple IIc Plus" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_III_Plus" coords="350,40,430,60" title="Apple III Plus" alt="Apple III Plus" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_IIe" coords="311,23,397,43" title="Apple IIe" alt="Apple IIe" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_IIc%23Memory_Expansion_IIc_(ROM_version_%273%27)" coords="468,6,549,27" title="Apple IIc#Memory Expansion IIc (ROM version '3')" alt="Apple IIc#Memory Expansion IIc (ROM version '3')" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_III%23Revisions" coords="264,40,361,60" title="Apple III#Revisions" alt="Apple III#Revisions" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_II_Plus" coords="156,23,265,43" title="Apple II Plus" alt="Apple II Plus" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_IIc" coords="364,6,450,27" title="Apple IIc" alt="Apple IIc" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_III" coords="210,40,296,60" title="Apple III" alt="Apple III" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_II_(1977_computer)" coords="63,23,144,43" title="Apple II (1977 computer)" alt="Apple II (1977 computer)" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_I" coords="31,6,106,27" title="Apple I" alt="Apple I" /></map><img usemap="#timeline_9e2023l0oh1m9rw6883wy8qw845jip0" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/9e2023l0oh1m9rw6883wy8qw845jip0.png" /></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Apple_II_series" title="Timeline of the Apple II series">Timeline of the Apple II series</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Mac_models#Timeline" title="List of Mac models">Timeline of Macintosh models</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Apple_Inc._products" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Apple Inc. products">Timeline of Apple Inc. products</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apple_II&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Industrial_Design_Group" title="Apple Industrial Design Group">Apple Industrial Design Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_publications_and_periodicals_devoted_to_the_Apple_II" title="List of publications and periodicals devoted to the Apple II">List of publications and periodicals devoted to the Apple II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_II_peripheral_cards" title="Apple II peripheral cards">Apple II peripheral cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_II_graphics" title="Apple II graphics">Apple II graphics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apple_II_application_software" title="List of Apple II application software">List of Apple II application software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apple_II_games" title="List of Apple II games">List of Apple II games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apple_IIGS_games" title="List of Apple IIGS games">List of Apple II<small>GS</small> games</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apple_II&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-hist70-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hist70_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWeyhrich2010" class="citation web cs1">Weyhrich, Steven (July 10, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apple2history.org/appendix/ahb/ahb1/">"1969-1977"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 2,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1969-1977&rft.pub=Apple+II+History&rft.date=2010-07-10&rft.aulast=Weyhrich&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapple2history.org%2Fappendix%2Fahb%2Fahb1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apple_II_intro_date-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Apple_II_intro_date_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apple_II_intro_date_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.computerhistory.org/tdih/June/10/">"June 10, 1977 - Apple II Shipped Today"</a>. <i>This Day in History</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 7,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apple+II%3A+The+World+Catches+On&rft.date=2009-07-19&rft.au=Wilson+Rothman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gizmodo.com.au%2F2009%2F07%2Fapple-ii-the-world-catches-on%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMary_Bellis" class="citation web cs1">Mary Bellis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413045648/https://www.thoughtco.com/dan-bricklin-bob-frankston-spreadsheet-visicalc-4078060">"The First Spreadsheet"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa010199.htm">the original</a> on April 13, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 27,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BYTE&rft.atitle=Apple+Bytes+and+Pits&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E468-%3C%2Fspan%3E469&rft.date=1985-06&rft.au=Libes%2C+Sol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fbyte-magazine-1985-06%2F1985_06_BYTE_10-06_Programming_Techniques%23page%2Fn475%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.applematters.com/collections/apple-iigs/">"Apple IIGS // Collections"</a>. Applematters.com. May 23, 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101228075559/http://www.applematters.com/collections/apple-iigs/">Archived</a> from the original on December 28, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 25,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apple+IIGS+%2F%2F+Collections&rft.pub=Applematters.com&rft.date=2005-05-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.applematters.com%2Fcollections%2Fapple-iigs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSteven_Weyhrich2003" class="citation web cs1">Steven Weyhrich (May 16, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100710043530/http://apple2history.org/history/appy/ahb5.html">"Apple II History Timeline"</a>. Apple2history.org. 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GAMEPLAN. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-00-015359-4" title="Special:BookSources/3-00-015359-4"><bdi>3-00-015359-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+encyclopedia+of+consoles%2C+handhelds+%26+home+computers+1972%E2%80%932005&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=GAMEPLAN&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=3-00-015359-4&rft.aulast=Forster&rft.aufirst=Winnie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1981-12/1981_12_BYTE_06-12_Computer_Games#page/n13/mode/2up">"Apple ad, Byte December 1981"</a>. December 1981. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141231015338/http://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1981-12/1981_12_BYTE_06-12_Computer_Games#page/n13/mode/2up">Archived</a> from the original on December 31, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apple+ad%2C+Byte+December+1981&rft.date=1981-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fbyte-magazine-1981-12%2F1981_12_BYTE_06-12_Computer_Games%23page%2Fn13%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Helmer, Carl, "An Apple to Byte," Byte, March 1978, p. 18-46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apple_DOS_commissioned-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Apple_DOS_commissioned_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.cnet.com/8301-13579_3-57577597-37/the-untold-story-behind-apples-$13000-operating-system/">"The untold story behind Apple's $13,000 operating system"</a>. <i>CNET</i>. San Francisco, CA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130404095756/http://news.cnet.com/8301-13579_3-57577597-37/the-untold-story-behind-apples-$13000-operating-system/">Archived</a> from the original on April 4, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 4,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNET&rft.atitle=The+untold+story+behind+Apple%27s+%2413%2C000+operating+system&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.cnet.com%2F8301-13579_3-57577597-37%2Fthe-untold-story-behind-apples-%2413000-operating-system%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apple_DOS_contract-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Apple_DOS_contract_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digibarn.com/collections/business-docs/apple-II-DOS/index.html">"DigiBarn Docs: "How Apple Booted Up" Key Documents in the Creation of Apple's First Operating System (Apple II DOS, 1978)"</a>. CA: DigiBarn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130403083337/http://www.digibarn.com/collections///business-docs/apple-II-DOS/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 3, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 4,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DigiBarn+Docs%3A+%22How+Apple+Booted+Up%22+Key+Documents+in+the+Creation+of+Apple%27s+First+Operating+System+%28Apple+II+DOS%2C+1978%29&rft.place=CA&rft.pub=DigiBarn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.digibarn.com%2Fcollections%2Fbusiness-docs%2Fapple-II-DOS%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apple_DOS_developer-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Apple_DOS_developer_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laughton.com/Apple/Apple.html">"Apple Computer The Early Days A Personal Perspective"</a>. Paul Laughton. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130725020604/http://www.laughton.com/Apple/Apple.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 4,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apple+Computer+The+Early+Days+A+Personal+Perspective&rft.pub=Paul+Laughton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.laughton.com%2FApple%2FApple.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-z80-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-z80_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-z80_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-z80_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPetersen1984" class="citation journal cs1">Petersen, Marty (February 6, 1984). "Review: Premium Softcard IIe". <i><a href="/wiki/InfoWorld" title="InfoWorld">InfoWorld</a></i>. <b>6</b> (6). InfoWorld Media Group: 64. <q>Several manufacturers, however, make Z80 coprocessor boards that plug into the Apple II.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InfoWorld&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Premium+Softcard+IIe&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=64&rft.date=1984-02-06&rft.aulast=Petersen&rft.aufirst=Marty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apple_II_History-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Apple_II_History_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWeyhrich2008" class="citation web cs1">Weyhrich, Steven (December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apple2history.org/history/ah04/">"4-The Apple II, cont. - Product Introduction"</a>. <i>Apple II History</i>. Apple2History.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110722173215/http://apple2history.org/history/ah04/">Archived</a> from the original on July 22, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 3,</span> 2012</span>. <q>The first motherboard-only Apple II computers shipped on May 10, 1977, for those who wanted to add their own case, keyboard, and power supply (or wanted to update their <a href="/wiki/Apple_I" title="Apple I">Apple-1</a> "system" with the latest and greatest). A month later, on June 10, 1977, Apple began shipping full Apple II systems.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Apple+II+History&rft.atitle=4-The+Apple+II%2C+cont.+-+Product+Introduction&rft.date=2008-12&rft.aulast=Weyhrich&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapple2history.org%2Fhistory%2Fah04%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apple2history.org/museum/articles/microreport/">"Apple II History Microprocessor Report"</a>. July 19, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150722235253/http://apple2history.org/museum/articles/microreport/">Archived</a> from the original on July 22, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 6,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apple+II+History+Microprocessor+Report&rft.date=2010-07-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapple2history.org%2Fmuseum%2Farticles%2Fmicroreport%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFForster2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Winnie_Forster" title="Winnie Forster">Forster, Winnie</a> (2005). <i>The encyclopedia of consoles, handhelds & home computers 1972–2005</i>. GAMEPLAN. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-00-015359-4" title="Special:BookSources/3-00-015359-4"><bdi>3-00-015359-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+encyclopedia+of+consoles%2C+handhelds+%26+home+computers+1972%E2%80%932005&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=GAMEPLAN&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=3-00-015359-4&rft.aulast=Forster&rft.aufirst=Winnie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Apple_II_Advertisement" class="citation web cs1">Apple (June 1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1977-06/1977_06_BYTE_02-06_Cognitive_Robot#page/n15/mode/2up">"Introducing Apple II"</a>. <i>Archive</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Archive&rft.atitle=Introducing+Apple+II&rft.date=1977-06&rft.au=Apple&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fbyte-magazine-1977-06%2F1977_06_BYTE_02-06_Cognitive_Robot%23page%2Fn15%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSteven_Weyhrich2002" class="citation web cs1">Steven Weyhrich (April 21, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060925003021/http://apple2history.org/history/ah04.html">"Apple II History Chapter 4"</a>. 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July 20, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171024013734/http://creativebits.org/interview/interview_rob_janoff_designer_apple_logo">Archived</a> from the original on October 24, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 12,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+Rob+Janoff%2C+designer+of+the+Apple+logo&rft.date=2020-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcreativebits.org%2Finterview%2Finterview_rob_janoff_designer_apple_logo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRose1989" class="citation book cs1">Rose, Frank (1989). <i>West of Eden</i>. Arrow Books. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-09-976200-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-09-976200-5"><bdi>0-09-976200-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=West+of+Eden&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Arrow+Books&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-09-976200-5&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSteven_Weyhrich2001" class="citation web cs1">Steven Weyhrich (December 28, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061201122002/http://apple2history.org/history/ah05.html">"Apple II History Chapter 5, The Disk II"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apple2history.org/history/ah05.html">the original</a> on December 1, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apple+II+History+Chapter+5%2C+The+Disk+II&rft.date=2001-12-28&rft.au=Steven+Weyhrich&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapple2history.org%2Fhistory%2Fah05.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Freiberger" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Freiberger">Freiberger, Paul</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Swaine_(technical_author)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Swaine (technical author)">Michael Swaine</a>. "Fire In The Valley, Part Two (Book Excerpt)", A+ Magazine, January 1985: 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.righto.com/2012/02/apple-didnt-revolutionize-power.html#ref28">"Apple didn't revolutionize power supplies; new transistors did"</a>. <i>www.righto.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timetravel.mementoweb.org/memento/20131207033722/www.righto.com/2012/02/apple-didnt-revolutionize-power.html#ref28">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 27,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.righto.com&rft.atitle=Apple+didn%27t+revolutionize+power+supplies%3B+new+transistors+did&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.righto.com%2F2012%2F02%2Fapple-didnt-revolutionize-power.html%23ref28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100710011643/http://apple2history.org/history/ah06.html">"Apple II History Chap 6"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apple2history.org/history/ah06.html">the original</a> on July 10, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apple+II+History+Chap+6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapple2history.org%2Fhistory%2Fah06.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lowendmac.com/orchard/05/0509.html">"Macintosh Prehistory: The Apple I and Apple II Era"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071014022114/http://lowendmac.com/orchard/05/0509.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 14, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Macintosh+Prehistory%3A+The+Apple+I+and+Apple+II+Era&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flowendmac.com%2Forchard%2F05%2F0509.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://applemuseum.bott.org/sections/products.html">"Apple Products"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20111010210939/http://applemuseum.bott.org/sections/products.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 10, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apple+Products&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapplemuseum.bott.org%2Fsections%2Fproducts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071018104250/http://lrs.ed.uiuc.edu/students/madkins/timeline.html">"EDTechTimeline"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lrs.ed.uiuc.edu/students/madkins/timeline.html">the original</a> on October 18, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EDTechTimeline&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flrs.ed.uiuc.edu%2Fstudents%2Fmadkins%2Ftimeline.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fas.org/irp/doddir/army/fm34_3.pdf">"U.S. Army Field Manual 34-3, Intelligence Analysis"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604064552/http://www.fas.org/irp/doddir/army/fm34_3.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on June 4, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Army+Field+Manual+34-3%2C+Intelligence+Analysis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fas.org%2Firp%2Fdoddir%2Farmy%2Ffm34_3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Kunkel, Paul, AppleDesign: The work of the Apple Industrial Design Group, with photographs by Rick English, New York: Graphis, 1997, p.30</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-making-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-making_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Duprau, Jeanne, and Tyson, Molly. "The Making of the Apple IIGS", <i>A+ Magazine</i>, November 1986: 57–74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOld-Computers.com_Museum" class="citation web cs1">Old-Computers.com Museum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061108095625/http://www.old-computers.com/museum/computer.asp?c=71">"Apple IIGS"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.old-computers.com/museum/computer.asp?c=71">the original</a> on November 8, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apple+IIGS&rft.au=Old-Computers.com+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.old-computers.com%2Fmuseum%2Fcomputer.asp%3Fc%3D71&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Markkula1997-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Markkula1997_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMarkoff1997" class="citation news cs1">Markoff, John (September 1, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1997/09/01/business/an-unknown-co-founder-leaves-after-20-years-of-glory-and-turmoil.html">"An 'Unknown' Co-Founder Leaves After 20 Years of Glory and Turmoil"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100301012736/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/09/01/business/an-unknown-co-founder-leaves-after-20-years-of-glory-and-turmoil.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 1, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 25,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=An+%27Unknown%27+Co-Founder+Leaves+After+20+Years+of+Glory+and+Turmoil&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.aulast=Markoff&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1997%2F09%2F01%2Fbusiness%2Fan-unknown-co-founder-leaves-after-20-years-of-glory-and-turmoil.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRedding2018" class="citation web cs1">Redding, Dan (January 25, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.culturecreature.com/apple-logo-meaning/">"What Does The Apple Logo Mean?"</a>. <i>Culture Creature</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190602125541/https://www.culturecreature.com/apple-logo-meaning/">Archived</a> from the original on June 2, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Culture+Creature&rft.atitle=What+Does+The+Apple+Logo+Mean%3F&rft.date=2018-01-25&rft.aulast=Redding&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.culturecreature.com%2Fapple-logo-meaning%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcCracken2012" class="citation news cs1">McCracken, Harry (April 16, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techland.time.com/2012/04/16/apple-ii-forever-a-35th-anniversary-tribute-to-apples-first-iconic-product/">"Apple II Forever: a 35th-Anniversary Tribute to Apple's First Iconic Product"</a>. <i>Time</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0040-781X">0040-781X</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 31,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Apple+II+Forever%3A+a+35th-Anniversary+Tribute+to+Apple%E2%80%99s+First+Iconic+Product&rft.date=2012-04-16&rft.issn=0040-781X&rft.aulast=McCracken&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechland.time.com%2F2012%2F04%2F16%2Fapple-ii-forever-a-35th-anniversary-tribute-to-apples-first-iconic-product%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Moritz" title="Michael Moritz">Moritz, Michael</a>. <i>The Little Kingdom</i>. New York, William Morrow and Company, Inc, 1984: pg. 186.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digibarn.com/collections/systems/appleIIgs-wozedition/complete-system/index.html">A gallery of Apple IIGS packaging</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060315094318/http://www.digibarn.com/collections/systems/appleIIgs-wozedition/complete-system/index.html">Archived</a> March 15, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from DigiBarn</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDormehl2012" class="citation book cs1">Dormehl, Luke (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=640f7JNTX0kC&pg=PA87"><i>The Apple Revolution: Steve Jobs, the Counterculture and How the Crazy Ones Took over the World</i></a>. Random House. p. 87. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4481-3136-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4481-3136-5"><bdi>978-1-4481-3136-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220225025805/https://books.google.com/books?id=640f7JNTX0kC&pg=PA87">Archived</a> from the original on February 25, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 25,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Apple+Revolution%3A+Steve+Jobs%2C+the+Counterculture+and+How+the+Crazy+Ones+Took+over+the+World&rft.pages=87&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4481-3136-5&rft.aulast=Dormehl&rft.aufirst=Luke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D640f7JNTX0kC%26pg%3DPA87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBierut2012" class="citation book cs1">Bierut, Michael (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YxhkfQeC4_kC&pg=PA140">"I Hate ITC Garamond"</a>. <i>Seventy-nine Short Essays on Design</i>. Chronicle Books. p. 140. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61689-071-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61689-071-1"><bdi>978-1-61689-071-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220225025756/https://books.google.com/books?id=YxhkfQeC4_kC&pg=PA140">Archived</a> from the original on February 25, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 27,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BYTE&rft.atitle=A+Microcomputing+Timeline&rft.pages=198&rft.date=1985-09&rft.au=Williams%2C+Gregg&rft.au=Welch%2C+Mark&rft.au=Avis%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fbyte-magazine-1985-09%2F1985_09_BYTE_10-09_Homebrewing%23page%2Fn181%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.folklore.org/StoryView.py?story=1984.txt">"Folklore.org: 1984"</a>. <i>www.folklore.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170115184456/http://www.folklore.org/StoryView.py?story=1984.txt">Archived</a> from the original on January 15, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 27,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.folklore.org&rft.atitle=Folklore.org%3A+1984&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.folklore.org%2FStoryView.py%3Fstory%3D1984.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060524200043/http://www.theapplecollection.com/Collection/AppleMovies/movies9.html">"Apple //gs Commercials QuickTime Movies @ The Apple Collection"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theapplecollection.com/Collection/AppleMovies/movies9.html">the original</a> on May 24, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apple+%2F%2Fgs+Commercials+QuickTime+Movies+%40+The+Apple+Collection&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theapplecollection.com%2FCollection%2FAppleMovies%2Fmovies9.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apple2history.org/history/ah12/">"12-The Apple II Abroad / Clones"</a>. January 27, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220513011917/https://www.apple2history.org/history/ah12/">Archived</a> from the original on May 13, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 2,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=12-The+Apple+II+Abroad+%2F+Clones&rft.date=2012-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apple2history.org%2Fhistory%2Fah12%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mitchell19830906-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mitchell19830906_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMitchell,_Peter_W.1983" class="citation news cs1">Mitchell, Peter W. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 10,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Boston+Phoenix&rft.atitle=A+summer-CES+report&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1983-09-06&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+Peter+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3Dgn0hAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D5584%252C3561802&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-caruso19840123-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-caruso19840123_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCaruso,_Denise1984" class="citation news cs1">Caruso, Denise (January 23, 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fC4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA17">"Customs officials seize 400 fake Apple Computers"</a>. <i>InfoWorld</i>. p. 17. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220915140402/https://books.google.com/books?id=fC4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA17">Archived</a> from the original on September 15, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 9,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InfoWorld&rft.atitle=Customs+officials+seize+400+fake+Apple+Computers&rft.pages=17&rft.date=1984-01-23&rft.au=Caruso%2C+Denise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfC4EAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cnet.com/news/the-untold-story-behind-apples-13000-operating-system/">"The untold story behind Apple's $13,000 operating system"</a>. <i>cnet.com</i>. April 3, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171106070050/https://www.cnet.com/news/the-untold-story-behind-apples-13000-operating-system/">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 27,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cnet.com&rft.atitle=The+untold+story+behind+Apple%27s+%2413%2C000+operating+system&rft.date=2013-04-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcnet.com%2Fnews%2Fthe-untold-story-behind-apples-13000-operating-system%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lussenhop20110119-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lussenhop20110119_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLussenhop2011" class="citation news cs1">Lussenhop, Jessica (January 19, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110206102726/http://www.citypages.com/content/printVersion/1740595/">"Oregon Trail: How three Minnesotans forged its path"</a>. <i>City Pages</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 20,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=City+Pages&rft.atitle=Oregon+Trail%3A+How+three+Minnesotans+forged+its+path&rft.date=2011-01-19&rft.aulast=Lussenhop&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypages.com%2Fcontent%2FprintVersion%2F1740595%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHillJones2008" class="citation book cs1">Hill, Charles; Jones, Gareth (October 13, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Sy8vejqbcocC&q=apple+IIe+educational+sales&pg=RA1-PA19"><i>Essentials of Strategic Management By Charles Hill, Gareth Jones</i></a>. Cengage Learning. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-547-19432-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-547-19432-5"><bdi>978-0-547-19432-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220915140457/https://books.google.com/books?id=Sy8vejqbcocC&q=apple+IIe+educational+sales&pg=RA1-PA19">Archived</a> from the original on September 15, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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U.S. Government Printing Office. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418211317/https://books.google.com/books?id=l2ckdERaPukC&q=%22the+first+spreadsheet%22&pg=PA762">Archived</a> from the original on April 18, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Science+Teacher&rft.atitle=Review+of+Designing+Blueprints+for+Green+Plants+Apple+II+series&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E64-%3C%2Fspan%3E68&rft.date=1989&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24141666%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0036-8555&rft.aulast=Peltz&rft.aufirst=William+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24141666&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.homeactionreplay.org/search.php?tourney=36">"Home Action Replay Page"</a>. <i>www.homeactionreplay.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304121123/http://www.homeactionreplay.org/search.php?tourney=36">Archived</a> from the original on March 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 27,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.homeactionreplay.org&rft.atitle=Home+Action+Replay+Page&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.homeactionreplay.org%2Fsearch.php%3Ftourney%3D36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://8bitweapon.com/2017/07/22/historic-apple-ii-album-released/">"Historic Apple II Album Released!"</a>. <i>8bitweapon.com</i>. July 22, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010005609/https://8bitweapon.com/2017/07/22/historic-apple-ii-album-released/">Archived</a> from the original on October 10, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 27,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=8bitweapon.com&rft.atitle=Historic+Apple+II+Album+Released%21&rft.date=2017-07-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F8bitweapon.com%2F2017%2F07%2F22%2Fhistoric-apple-ii-album-released%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWozniak1977" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak" title="Steve Wozniak">Wozniak, Steve</a> (May 1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080516110213/http://oldcomputers.net/byteappleII.html">"System Description: The Apple II"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Byte_(magazine)" title="Byte (magazine)">Byte</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oldcomputers.net/byteappleII.html">the original</a> on May 16, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 17,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Byte&rft.atitle=System+Description%3A+The+Apple+II&rft.date=1977-05&rft.aulast=Wozniak&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foldcomputers.net%2FbyteappleII.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApple+II" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apple_II&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:Apple_hardware_before_1998" title="Template talk:Apple hardware before 1998"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Apple_hardware_before_1998" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Apple hardware before 1998"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Apple_hardware_before_1998163" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> hardware before 1998</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mac_(computer)" title="Mac (computer)">Computers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Apple II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_I" title="Apple I">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_II_(original)" title="Apple II (original)">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_II_Plus" title="Apple II Plus">II Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_IIe" title="Apple IIe">IIe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_IIc" title="Apple IIc">IIc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_IIc_Plus" title="Apple IIc Plus">IIc Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_IIGS" title="Apple IIGS">IIGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_III" title="Apple III">III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Compact_Macintosh" title="Compact Macintosh">Compact Macintosh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K">128K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_512K" title="Macintosh 512K">512K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_512Ke" title="Macintosh 512Ke">512Ke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Plus" title="Macintosh Plus">Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_SE" title="Macintosh SE">SE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_SE/30" title="Macintosh SE/30">SE/30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Classic" title="Macintosh Classic">Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Classic_II" title="Macintosh Classic II">Classic II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Color_Classic" title="Macintosh Color Classic">Color Classic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_II_family" title="Macintosh II family">Macintosh II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_II" title="Macintosh II">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIx" title="Macintosh IIx">IIx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIcx" title="Macintosh IIcx">IIcx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIci" title="Macintosh IIci">IIci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIfx" title="Macintosh IIfx">IIfx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIsi" title="Macintosh IIsi">IIsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIvi" title="Macintosh IIvi">IIvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIvx" title="Macintosh IIvx">IIvx</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_LC_family" title="Macintosh LC family">Macintosh LC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_LC" title="Macintosh LC">LC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_LC_II" title="Macintosh LC II">LC II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_LC_III" title="Macintosh LC III">LC III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_LC_500_series" title="Macintosh LC 500 series">LC 500 series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_TV" title="Macintosh TV">Macintosh TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra" title="Macintosh Quadra">Macintosh Quadra</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_700" title="Macintosh Quadra 700">700</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_900" title="Macintosh Quadra 900">900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_950" title="Macintosh Quadra 950">950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_800" title="Macintosh Quadra 800">800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_840AV" title="Macintosh Quadra 840AV">840AV</a></li> <li>600 series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_610" title="Macintosh Quadra 610">610</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_650" title="Macintosh Quadra 650">650</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_660AV" title="Macintosh Quadra 660AV">660AV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_605" title="Macintosh Quadra 605">605</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_630" title="Macintosh Quadra 630">630</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/PowerBook" title="PowerBook">PowerBook</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>68k-based PowerBooks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_100_series" title="PowerBook 100 series">100 series</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_100" title="PowerBook 100">100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_140" title="PowerBook 140">140</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_170" title="PowerBook 170">170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_160" title="PowerBook 160">160</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_180" title="PowerBook 180">180</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_150" title="PowerBook 150">150</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_190" title="PowerBook 190">190</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_Duo" title="PowerBook Duo">Duo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_Duo_210" title="PowerBook Duo 210">210</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_Duo_230" title="PowerBook Duo 230">230</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_500_series" title="PowerBook 500 series">500 series</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerPC" title="PowerPC">PowerPC</a>-based PowerBooks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_5300" title="PowerBook 5300">5300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_1400" title="PowerBook 1400">1400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_3400c" title="PowerBook 3400c">3400c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_2400c" title="PowerBook 2400c">2400c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_G3" title="PowerBook G3">G3</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh" title="Power Macintosh">Power Macintosh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_4400" title="Power Macintosh 4400">4400 and 7220</a></li> <li>5000 series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_5200_LC" title="Power Macintosh 5200 LC">5200 LC and 5300 LC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_5260" title="Power Macintosh 5260">5260</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_5400" title="Power Macintosh 5400">5400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_5500" title="Power Macintosh 5500">5500</a></li></ul></li> <li>6000 series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_6100" title="Power Macintosh 6100">6100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_6200" title="Power Macintosh 6200">6200 and 6300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_6400" title="Power Macintosh 6400">6400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_6500" title="Power Macintosh 6500">6500</a></li></ul></li> <li>7000 series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_7100" title="Power Macintosh 7100">7100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_7200" title="Power Macintosh 7200">7200 and 8200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_7300" title="Power Macintosh 7300">7300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_7500" title="Power Macintosh 7500">7500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_7600" title="Power Macintosh 7600">7600</a></li></ul></li> <li>8000 series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_8100" title="Power Macintosh 8100">8100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_8500" title="Power Macintosh 8500">8500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_8600" title="Power Macintosh 8600">8600</a></li></ul></li> <li>9000 series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_9500" title="Power Macintosh 9500">9500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_9600" title="Power Macintosh 9600">9600</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_G3" title="Power Macintosh G3">Power Macintosh G3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa">Apple Lisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Mac_(computer)" title="Big Mac (computer)">Big Mac and Baby Mac</a> (cancelled)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_XL" title="Macintosh XL">Macintosh XL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Portable" title="Macintosh Portable">Macintosh Portable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Performa" title="Macintosh Performa">Macintosh Performa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Centris" title="Macintosh Centris">Macintosh Centris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_IIe_Card" title="Apple IIe Card">Apple IIe Card</a> (Macintosh PDS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Processor_Upgrade_Card" title="Macintosh Processor Upgrade Card">Macintosh Processor Upgrade Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Workgroup_Server" title="Apple Workgroup Server">Apple Workgroup Server</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Workgroup_Server_9150" title="Workgroup Server 9150">9150</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Network_Server" title="Apple Network Server">Apple Network Server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Anniversary_Macintosh" title="Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh">Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peripherals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apple_displays" title="Apple displays">Displays</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Monitor_II" title="Apple Monitor II">Monitor II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Monitor_III" title="Apple Monitor III">Monitor III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_AudioVision_14_Display" title="Apple AudioVision 14 Display">AudioVision 14</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">External drives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disk_II" title="Disk II">Disk II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_FileWare" title="Apple FileWare">FileWare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_External_Disk_Drive" title="Macintosh External Disk Drive">Macintosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_ProFile" title="Apple ProFile">ProFile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_Disk_20" title="Hard Disk 20">Hard Disk 20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_Disk_20SC" title="Hard Disk 20SC">Hard Disk 20SC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AppleCD" title="AppleCD">AppleCD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerCD" title="PowerCD">PowerCD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Tape_Backup_40SC" title="Apple Tape Backup 40SC">Tape Drive 40SC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Input devices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_keyboards" title="Apple keyboards">Keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Desktop_Bus" title="Apple Desktop Bus">Desktop Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Extended_Keyboard" title="Apple Extended Keyboard">Extended Keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Adjustable_Keyboard" title="Apple Adjustable Keyboard">Adjustable Keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_pointing_devices" title="Apple pointing devices">Mouse and other pointing devices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Scanner" title="Apple Scanner">Scanner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_QuickTake" title="Apple QuickTake">QuickTake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Networking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_II_serial_cards" title="Apple II serial cards">Apple II serial cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LocalTalk" title="LocalTalk">LocalTalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Communication_Slot" title="Apple Communication Slot">Apple Communication Slot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GeoPort" title="GeoPort">GeoPort</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apple_printers" title="List of Apple printers">Printers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Silentype" title="Apple Silentype">Silentype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Dot_Matrix_Printer" title="Apple Dot Matrix Printer">Dot Matrix Printer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Daisy_Wheel_Printer" title="Apple Daisy Wheel Printer">Daisy Wheel Printer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ImageWriter" title="ImageWriter">ImageWriter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaserWriter" title="LaserWriter">LaserWriter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_410_Color_Plotter" title="Apple 410 Color Plotter">410 Color Plotter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_LaserWriter" title="Color LaserWriter">Color LaserWriter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StyleWriter" title="StyleWriter">StyleWriter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apple_Newton" title="Apple Newton">Newton</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MessagePad" title="MessagePad">MessagePad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMate_300" title="EMate 300">eMate 300</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Interactive_Television_Box" title="Apple Interactive Television Box">Interactive Television Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_NC" title="Mac NC">Mac NC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Paladin" title="Apple Paladin">Paladin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Pippin" title="Apple Pippin">Pippin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Bandai_Pippin" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Bandai Pippin">Bandai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wizzy_Active_Lifestyle_Telephone" title="Wizzy Active Lifestyle Telephone">W.A.L.T.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also template: <a href="/wiki/Template:Apple_hardware_since_1998" title="Template:Apple hardware since 1998">Apple hardware since 1998</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Apple_hardware304" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Apple_hardware" title="Template:Apple hardware"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Apple_hardware" title="Template talk:Apple hardware"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Apple_hardware" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Apple hardware"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Apple_hardware304" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> hardware</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Apple_II_series" title="Timeline of the Apple II series">Apple II <br />family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_I" title="Apple I">Apple I</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Apple II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_II_(1977_computer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple II (1977 computer)">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_II_Plus" title="Apple II Plus">II Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_IIe" title="Apple IIe">IIe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_IIe_Card" title="Apple IIe Card">IIe Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Processor_Direct_Slot" title="Processor Direct Slot">Processor Direct Slot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_IIc" title="Apple IIc">IIc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_IIc_Plus" title="Apple IIc Plus">IIc Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_IIGS" title="Apple IIGS">IIGS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_III" title="Apple III">Apple III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mac_(computer)" title="Mac (computer)">Mac</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Desktops</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa">Lisa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_XL" title="Macintosh XL">Macintosh XL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_Macintosh" title="Compact Macintosh">Compact</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K">128K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_512K" title="Macintosh 512K">512K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_512Ke" title="Macintosh 512Ke">512Ke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Plus" title="Macintosh Plus">Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_SE" title="Macintosh SE">SE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_SE/30" title="Macintosh SE/30">SE/30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Classic" title="Macintosh Classic">Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Classic_II" title="Macintosh Classic II">Classic II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Color_Classic" title="Macintosh Color Classic">Color Classic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_II_family" title="Macintosh II family">II family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_II" title="Macintosh II">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIx" title="Macintosh IIx">IIx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIcx" title="Macintosh IIcx">IIcx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIci" title="Macintosh IIci">IIci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIfx" title="Macintosh IIfx">IIfx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIsi" title="Macintosh IIsi">IIsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIvi" title="Macintosh IIvi">IIvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIvx" title="Macintosh IIvx">IIvx</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_LC_family" title="Macintosh LC family">LC family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_LC" title="Macintosh LC">LC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_LC_II" title="Macintosh LC II">LC II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_LC_III" title="Macintosh LC III">LC III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_605" title="Macintosh Quadra 605">LC 475</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_LC_500_series" title="Macintosh LC 500 series">LC 500 series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_630" title="Macintosh Quadra 630">LC 630</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_5200_LC" title="Power Macintosh 5200 LC">5200 LC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_TV" title="Macintosh TV">Macintosh TV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra" title="Macintosh Quadra">Quadra</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_610" title="Macintosh Quadra 610">610</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_650" title="Macintosh Quadra 650">650</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_660AV" title="Macintosh Quadra 660AV">660AV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_605" title="Macintosh Quadra 605">605</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_630" title="Macintosh Quadra 630">630</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_700" title="Macintosh Quadra 700">700</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_900" title="Macintosh Quadra 900">900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_950" title="Macintosh Quadra 950">950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_800" title="Macintosh Quadra 800">800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_840AV" title="Macintosh Quadra 840AV">840AV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Performa" title="Macintosh Performa">Performa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Centris" title="Macintosh Centris">Centris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh" title="Power Macintosh">Power Macintosh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_4400" title="Power Macintosh 4400">4400 and 7220</a></li> <li>5000 series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_5200_LC" title="Power Macintosh 5200 LC">5200 LC and 5300 LC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_5260" title="Power Macintosh 5260">5260</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_5400" title="Power Macintosh 5400">5400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_5500" title="Power Macintosh 5500">5500</a></li></ul></li> <li>6000 series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_6100" title="Power Macintosh 6100">6100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_6200" title="Power Macintosh 6200">6200 and 6300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_6400" title="Power Macintosh 6400">6400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_6500" title="Power Macintosh 6500">6500</a></li></ul></li> <li>7000 series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_7100" title="Power Macintosh 7100">7100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_7200" title="Power Macintosh 7200">7200 and 8200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_7300" title="Power Macintosh 7300">7300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_7500" title="Power Macintosh 7500">7500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_7600" title="Power Macintosh 7600">7600</a></li></ul></li> <li>8000 series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_8100" title="Power Macintosh 8100">8100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_8500" title="Power Macintosh 8500">8500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_8600" title="Power Macintosh 8600">8600</a></li></ul></li> <li>9000 series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_9500" title="Power Macintosh 9500">9500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_9600" title="Power Macintosh 9600">9600</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_G3" title="Power Macintosh G3">G3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Mac_G4" title="Power Mac G4">G4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Mac_G4_Cube" title="Power Mac G4 Cube">G4 Cube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Mac_G5" title="Power Mac G5">G5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Anniversary_Macintosh" title="Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh">20th Anniversary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMac" title="IMac">iMac</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IMac_G3" title="IMac G3">G3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMac_G4" title="IMac G4">G4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMac_G5" title="IMac G5">G5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMac_(Intel-based)" title="IMac (Intel-based)">Intel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMac_Pro" title="IMac Pro">Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMac_(Apple_silicon)" title="IMac (Apple silicon)">Apple silicon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMac" title="EMac">eMac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Pro" title="Mac Pro">Mac Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Mini" title="Mac Mini">Mac Mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Studio" title="Mac Studio">Mac Studio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Laptops</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Portable" title="Macintosh Portable">Macintosh Portable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook" title="PowerBook">PowerBook</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_100_series" title="PowerBook 100 series">100 series</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_100" title="PowerBook 100">100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_140" title="PowerBook 140">140</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_170" title="PowerBook 170">170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_160" title="PowerBook 160">160</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_180" title="PowerBook 180">180</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_150" title="PowerBook 150">150</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_190" title="PowerBook 190">190</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_Duo" title="PowerBook Duo">Duo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_Duo_210" title="PowerBook Duo 210">210</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_Duo_230" title="PowerBook Duo 230">230</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_500_series" title="PowerBook 500 series">500 series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_5300" title="PowerBook 5300">5300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_1400" title="PowerBook 1400">1400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_3400c" title="PowerBook 3400c">3400c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_2400c" title="PowerBook 2400c">2400c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_G3" title="PowerBook G3">G3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_G4" title="PowerBook G4">G4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBook" title="IBook">iBook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacBook" title="MacBook">MacBook</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MacBook_(2006%E2%80%932012)" title="MacBook (2006–2012)">2006–2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12-inch_MacBook" title="12-inch MacBook">2015–2019</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacBook_Air" title="MacBook Air">MacBook Air</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MacBook_Air_(Intel-based)" title="MacBook Air (Intel-based)">Intel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacBook_Air_(Apple_silicon)" title="MacBook Air (Apple silicon)">Apple silicon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacBook_Pro" title="MacBook Pro">MacBook Pro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MacBook_Pro_(Intel-based)" title="MacBook Pro (Intel-based)">Intel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacBook_Pro_(Apple_silicon)" title="MacBook Pro (Apple silicon)">Apple silicon</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Servers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Workgroup_Server" title="Apple Workgroup Server">Workgroup Server</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Workgroup_Server_9150" title="Workgroup Server 9150">9150</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Network_Server" title="Apple Network Server">Network Server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xserve" title="Xserve">Xserve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Devices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_(1st_generation)" title="IPhone (1st generation)">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_3G" title="IPhone 3G">3G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_3GS" title="IPhone 3GS">3GS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_4" title="IPhone 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_4S" class="mw-redirect" title="IPhone 4S">4S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_5" title="IPhone 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_5C" class="mw-redirect" title="IPhone 5C">5C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_5S" class="mw-redirect" title="IPhone 5S">5S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_6" title="IPhone 6">6 / 6 Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_6S" class="mw-redirect" title="IPhone 6S">6S / 6S Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_7" title="IPhone 7">7 / 7 Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_8" title="IPhone 8">8 / 8 Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_X" title="IPhone X">X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_XR" title="IPhone XR">XR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_XS" title="IPhone XS">XS / XS Max</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_11" title="IPhone 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_11_Pro" title="IPhone 11 Pro">11 Pro / 11 Pro Max</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_12" title="IPhone 12">12 / 12 Mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_12_Pro" title="IPhone 12 Pro">12 Pro / 12 Pro Max</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_13" title="IPhone 13">13 / 13 Mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_13_Pro" title="IPhone 13 Pro">13 Pro / 13 Pro Max</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_14" title="IPhone 14">14 / 14 Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_14_Pro" title="IPhone 14 Pro">14 Pro / 14 Pro Max</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_15" title="IPhone 15">15 / 15 Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_15_Pro" title="IPhone 15 Pro">15 Pro / 15 Pro Max</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_16" title="IPhone 16">16 / 16 Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_16_Pro" title="IPhone 16 Pro">16 Pro / 16 Pro Max</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_16e" title="IPhone 16e">16e</a></li> <li>iPhone SE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_SE_(1st_generation)" title="IPhone SE (1st generation)">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_SE_(2nd_generation)" title="IPhone SE (2nd generation)">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_SE_(3rd_generation)" title="IPhone SE (3rd generation)">3rd</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IPad" title="IPad">iPad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPad_(1st_generation)" title="IPad (1st generation)">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_2" title="IPad 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_(3rd_generation)" title="IPad (3rd generation)">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_(4th_generation)" title="IPad (4th generation)">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_(5th_generation)" title="IPad (5th generation)">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_(6th_generation)" title="IPad (6th generation)">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_(7th_generation)" title="IPad (7th generation)">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_(8th_generation)" title="IPad (8th generation)">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_(9th_generation)" title="IPad (9th generation)">9th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_(10th_generation)" title="IPad (10th generation)">10th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_(11th_generation)" title="IPad (11th generation)">11th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Air" class="mw-redirect" title="IPad Air">iPad Air</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Air_(1st_generation)" title="IPad Air (1st generation)">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Air_2" title="IPad Air 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Air_(3rd_generation)" title="IPad Air (3rd generation)">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Air_(4th_generation)" title="IPad Air (4th generation)">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Air_(5th_generation)" title="IPad Air (5th generation)">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Air_(6th_generation)" title="IPad Air (6th generation)">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Air_(7th_generation)" title="IPad Air (7th generation)">7th</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Mini" title="IPad Mini">iPad Mini</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Mini_(1st_generation)" title="IPad Mini (1st generation)">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Mini_2" title="IPad Mini 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Mini_3" title="IPad Mini 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Mini_4" title="IPad Mini 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Mini_(5th_generation)" title="IPad Mini (5th generation)">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Mini_(6th_generation)" title="IPad Mini (6th generation)">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Mini_(7th_generation)" title="IPad Mini (7th generation)">7th</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Pro" title="IPad Pro">iPad Pro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Pro_(1st_generation)" title="IPad Pro (1st generation)">9.7 / 12.9 (1st)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Pro_(2nd_generation)" title="IPad Pro (2nd generation)">10.5 / 12.9 (2nd)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Pro_(3rd_generation)" title="IPad Pro (3rd generation)">11 (1st) / 12.9 (3rd)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Pro_(4th_generation)" title="IPad Pro (4th generation)">11 (2nd) / 12.9 (4th)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Pro_(5th_generation)" title="IPad Pro (5th generation)">11 (3rd) / 12.9 (5th)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Pro_(6th_generation)" title="IPad Pro (6th generation)">11 (4th) / 12.9 (6th)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Pro_(7th_generation)" title="IPad Pro (7th generation)">11 (5th) / 13</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IPod" title="IPod">iPod</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Classic" title="IPod Classic">Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Mini" title="IPod Mini">Mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Nano" title="IPod Nano">Nano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Shuffle" title="IPod Shuffle">Shuffle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Touch" title="IPod Touch">Touch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Touch_(1st_generation)" title="IPod Touch (1st generation)">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Touch_(2nd_generation)" title="IPod Touch (2nd generation)">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Touch_(3rd_generation)" title="IPod Touch (3rd generation)">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Touch_(4th_generation)" title="IPod Touch (4th generation)">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Touch_(5th_generation)" title="IPod Touch (5th generation)">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Touch_(6th_generation)" title="IPod Touch (6th generation)">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Touch_(7th_generation)" title="IPod Touch (7th generation)">7th</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_TV" title="Apple TV">Apple TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Watch" title="Apple Watch">Apple Watch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Watch_Ultra" title="Apple Watch Ultra">Ultra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beddit" title="Beddit">Beddit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Newton" title="Apple Newton">Newton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MessagePad" title="MessagePad">MessagePad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMate_300" title="EMate 300">eMate 300</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Paladin" title="Apple Paladin">Paladin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Pippin" title="Apple Pippin">Pippin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Bandai_Pippin" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Bandai Pippin">Bandai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerCD" title="PowerCD">PowerCD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_QuickTake" title="Apple QuickTake">QuickTake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Vision_Pro" title="Apple Vision Pro">Vision Pro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unreleased</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AirPower_(Apple)" title="AirPower (Apple)">AirPower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Interactive_Television_Box" title="Apple Interactive Television Box">Interactive Television Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_NC" title="Mac NC">Mac NC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wizzy_Active_Lifestyle_Telephone" title="Wizzy Active Lifestyle Telephone">W.A.L.T.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Accessories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Audio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AirPods" title="AirPods">AirPods</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AirPods_Pro" title="AirPods Pro">Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AirPods_Max" title="AirPods Max">Max</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beats_Electronics" title="Beats Electronics">Beats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beats_Pill" title="Beats Pill">Pill</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_headphones" title="Apple headphones">Headphones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_speakers" title="Apple speakers">Speakers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Hi-Fi" title="IPod Hi-Fi">iPod Hi-Fi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SoundSticks" title="SoundSticks">SoundSticks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HomePod" title="HomePod">HomePod</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HomePod_Mini" title="HomePod Mini">Mini</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apple_displays" title="Apple displays">Displays</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Monitor_III" title="Apple Monitor III">Monitor III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Monitor_II" title="Apple Monitor II">Monitor II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ColorMonitor_IIe/AppleColor_Composite_Monitor_IIe" class="mw-redirect" title="ColorMonitor IIe/AppleColor Composite Monitor IIe">AppleColor Composite IIe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AppleColor_High-Resolution_RGB_Monitor" class="mw-redirect" title="AppleColor High-Resolution RGB Monitor">AppleColor High-Resolution RGB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Macintosh_Color_Display" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Macintosh Color Display">Color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_AudioVision_14_Display" title="Apple AudioVision 14 Display">AudioVision 14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Multiple_Scan_14_Display" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Multiple Scan 14 Display">Multiple Scan 14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_ColorSync/AppleVision_750_Display" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple ColorSync/AppleVision 750 Display">ColorSync 750</a></li> <li>Studio <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Studio_Display_(1998%E2%80%932004)" title="Apple Studio Display (1998–2004)">1998–2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Studio_Display" title="Apple Studio Display">2022</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Cinema_Display" title="Apple Cinema Display">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Thunderbolt_Display" title="Apple Thunderbolt Display">Thunderbolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro_Display_XDR" title="Pro Display XDR">Pro Display XDR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apple_drives" title="List of Apple drives">Drives</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disk_II" title="Disk II">Disk II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_External_Disk_Drive" title="Macintosh External Disk Drive">Macintosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_ProFile" title="Apple ProFile">ProFile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_Disk_20" title="Hard Disk 20">Hard Disk 20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_Disk_20SC" title="Hard Disk 20SC">Hard Disk 20SC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AppleCD" title="AppleCD">AppleCD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerCD" title="PowerCD">PowerCD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Tape_Backup_40SC" title="Apple Tape Backup 40SC">Tape Drive 40SC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SuperDrive" title="SuperDrive">SuperDrive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xserve_RAID" title="Xserve RAID">Xserve RAID</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Input</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Desktop_Bus" title="Apple Desktop Bus">Desktop Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_iPad_accessories" title="List of iPad accessories">iPad accessories</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Pencil" title="Apple Pencil">Pencil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISight" title="ISight">iSight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_keyboards" title="Apple keyboards">Keyboards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Extended_Keyboard" title="Apple Extended Keyboard">Extended</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Adjustable_Keyboard" title="Apple Adjustable Keyboard">Adjustable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Wireless_Keyboard" title="Apple Wireless Keyboard">Wireless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_Keyboard_(Mac)" title="Magic Keyboard (Mac)">Magic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_pointing_devices" title="Apple pointing devices">Mice and trackpads</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hockey_puck_mouse" title="Hockey puck mouse">USB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Mighty_Mouse" title="Apple Mighty Mouse">Mighty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_Mouse" title="Magic Mouse">Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_Trackpad" title="Magic Trackpad">Magic Trackpad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Remote" title="Apple Remote">Remote</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siri_Remote" title="Siri Remote">Siri Remote</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Scanner" title="Apple Scanner">Scanner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_OneScanner" title="Apple OneScanner">OneScanner</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">iPod</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPod_click_wheel" title="IPod click wheel">Click wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nike%2BiPod" title="Nike+iPod">Nike+iPod</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Networking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AirPort" title="AirPort">AirPort</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AirPort_Express" title="AirPort Express">Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AirPort_Extreme" title="AirPort Extreme">Extreme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AirPort_Time_Capsule" title="AirPort Time Capsule">Time Capsule</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_II_serial_cards" title="Apple II serial cards">Apple II serial cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_USB_Modem" title="Apple USB Modem">USB Modem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LocalTalk" title="LocalTalk">LocalTalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Communication_Slot" title="Apple Communication Slot">Communication Slot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GeoPort" title="GeoPort">GeoPort</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apple_printers" title="List of Apple printers">Printers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Silentype" title="Apple Silentype">Silentype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Dot_Matrix_Printer" title="Apple Dot Matrix Printer">Dot Matrix Printer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Daisy_Wheel_Printer" title="Apple Daisy Wheel Printer">Letter Quality Printer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ImageWriter" title="ImageWriter">ImageWriter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaserWriter" title="LaserWriter">LaserWriter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_410_Color_Plotter" title="Apple 410 Color Plotter">410 Color Plotter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_LaserWriter" title="Color LaserWriter">Color LaserWriter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StyleWriter" title="StyleWriter">StyleWriter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Security</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/AirTag" title="AirTag">AirTag</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apple_silicon" title="Apple silicon">Silicon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="A_series36" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">A series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A4" title="Apple A4">A4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A5" title="Apple A5">A5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A5X" title="Apple A5X">A5X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A6" title="Apple A6">A6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A6X" title="Apple A6X">A6X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A7" title="Apple A7">A7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A8" title="Apple A8">A8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A8X" title="Apple A8X">A8X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A9" title="Apple A9">A9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A9X" title="Apple A9X">A9X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A10" title="Apple A10">A10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A10X" title="Apple A10X">A10X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A11" title="Apple A11">A11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A12" title="Apple A12">A12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A12X" title="Apple A12X">A12X/A12Z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A13" title="Apple A13">A13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A14" title="Apple A14">A14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A15" title="Apple A15">A15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A16" title="Apple A16">A16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A17" title="Apple A17">A17 Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_A18" title="Apple A18">A18 / A18 Pro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">M series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_M1" title="Apple M1">M1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_M2" title="Apple M2">M2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_M3" title="Apple M3">M3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_M4" title="Apple M4">M4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">S series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_S1" title="Apple S1">S1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_S1P" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple S1P">S1P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_S2" title="Apple S2">S2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_S3" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple S3">S3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_S4" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple S4">S4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_S5" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple S5">S5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_S6" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple S6">S6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_S7" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple S7">S7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_S8" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple S8">S8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_S9" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple S9">S9</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>C series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_C1" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple C1">C1</a></li></ul></li> <li>H series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_H1" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple H1">H1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_H2" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple H2">H2</a></li></ul></li> <li>R series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_R1" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple R1">R1</a></li></ul></li> <li>T series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_T1" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple T1">T1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_T2" title="Apple T2">T2</a></li></ul></li> <li>U series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_U1" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple U1">U1</a></li></ul></li> <li>W series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_W1" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple W1">W1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_W2" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple W2">W2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_W3" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple W3">W3</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Hardware lists <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mac_models" title="List of Mac models">Macs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_iPhone_models" title="List of iPhone models">iPhones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_iPad_models" title="List of iPad models">iPads</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Apple_Inc._products" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Apple Inc. products">Timeline of Apple Inc. products</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Steve_Wozniak79" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Steve_Wozniak" title="Template:Steve Wozniak"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Steve_Wozniak" title="Template talk:Steve Wozniak"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Steve_Wozniak" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Steve Wozniak"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Steve_Wozniak79" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak" title="Steve Wozniak">Steve Wozniak</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products and projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_I" title="Apple I">Apple I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_II_(1977_computer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple II (1977 computer)">Apple II</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">II series</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Desktop_Bus" title="Apple Desktop Bus">Apple Desktop Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakout_(video_game)" title="Breakout (video game)"><i>Breakout</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Discovery_Museum_of_San_Jose" title="Children's Discovery Museum of San Jose">Children's Discovery Museum of San Jose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_remote" title="Universal remote">CL 9 CORE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disk_II" title="Disk II">Disk II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Frontier_Foundation" title="Electronic Frontier Foundation">Electronic Frontier Foundation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/IWoz" title="IWoz">iWoz</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K">Macintosh 128K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley_Comic_Con" class="mw-redirect" title="Silicon Valley Comic Con">Silicon Valley Comic Con</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_Festival" title="US Festival">US Festival</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Steve_Wozniak.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Steve_Wozniak.jpg/100px-Steve_Wozniak.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Steve_Wozniak.jpg/150px-Steve_Wozniak.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Steve_Wozniak.jpg/200px-Steve_Wozniak.jpg 2x" data-file-width="825" data-file-height="1014" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_Semiconductor" title="Jazz Semiconductor">Acquicor Technology</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(co-founder)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(co-founder)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CL_9" title="CL 9">CL 9</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(founder)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusion-io" title="Fusion-io">Fusion-io, Inc.</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(chief scientist)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheels_of_Zeus" title="Wheels of Zeus">Wheels of Zeus</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(founder)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woz_U" title="Woz U">Woz U</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(founder)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak#Honors_and_awards" title="Steve Wozniak">Honors and awards for Steve Wozniak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Triumph_of_the_Nerds" title="Triumph of the Nerds">Triumph of the Nerds</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1996)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pirates_of_Silicon_Valley" title="Pirates of Silicon Valley">Pirates of Silicon Valley</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1999)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Secret_History_of_Hacking" title="The Secret History of Hacking">The Secret History of Hacking</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2001)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jobs_(film)" title="Jobs (film)">Jobs</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2013)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs_(film)" title="Steve Jobs (film)">Steve Jobs</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2015)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV appearances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_Monkeys" title="Code Monkeys"><i>Code Monkeys</i> season 1</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2007)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathy_Griffin:_My_Life_on_the_D-List#Season_4:_2008" title="Kathy Griffin: My Life on the D-List"><i>Kathy Griffin: My Life on the D-List</i> season 4</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2008)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dancing_with_the_Stars_(U.S._season_8)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 8)"><i>Dancing with the Stars</i> season 8</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2009)</span></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Cruciferous_Vegetable_Amplification" title="The Cruciferous Vegetable Amplification">The Cruciferous Vegetable Amplification</a>" <span style="font-size: 85%;">(<i>The Big Bang Theory</i>, 2010)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wants_Answers" title="John Wants Answers"><i>John Wants Answers</i> season 4</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2013)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_IIGS#Limited_Edition_.28.22Woz.22_signed_case.29" title="Apple IIGS">Apple IIGS with limited edition signed case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_box" title="Blue box">Blue box</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hackers:_Heroes_of_the_Computer_Revolution" title="Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution">Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1984 book)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Apple_Inc." title="History of Apple Inc.">History of Apple Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homebrew_Computer_Club" title="Homebrew Computer Club">Homebrew Computer Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phreaking" title="Phreaking">Phreaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segway_polo" title="Segway polo">Segway polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apple_II&oldid=1280013809">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apple_II&oldid=1280013809</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_II_computers" title="Category:Apple II computers">Apple II computers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Computer-related_introductions_in_1977" title="Category:Computer-related introductions in 1977">Computer-related introductions in 1977</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Products_and_services_discontinued_in_1993" title="Category:Products and services discontinued in 1993">Products and services discontinued in 1993</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Discontinued_Apple_Inc._products" title="Category:Discontinued Apple Inc. products">Discontinued Apple Inc. products</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_EasyTimeline_extension" title="Category:Pages using the EasyTimeline extension">Pages using the EasyTimeline extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a 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