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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Part_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Part_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Part 2</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Part_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Part_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Part_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Part 3</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Part_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Part_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Part_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Part 4</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Part_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Part_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Part_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Part 5</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Part_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Part_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Part_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Part 6</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Part_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Part_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Part_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Part 7</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Part_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Part_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Part_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Part 8</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Part_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Style_and_major_themes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Style_and_major_themes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Style and major themes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Style_and_major_themes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_context" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_context"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Historical context</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_context-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Translations_into_English" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Translations_into_English"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Translations into English</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Translations_into_English-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Translations into English subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Translations_into_English-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Comparisons_of_translations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparisons_of_translations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Comparisons of translations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparisons_of_translations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anna_Karenin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anna_Karenin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span><i>Anna Karenin</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anna_Karenin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adaptations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adaptations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Adaptations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Adaptations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Adaptations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Adaptations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Film_and_television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film_and_television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Film and television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film_and_television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theatre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theatre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Theatre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theatre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ballet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ballet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Ballet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ballet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Radio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Biographical_and_literary_criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biographical_and_literary_criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Biographical and literary criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biographical_and_literary_criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Anna Karenina: Difference between revisions</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 80 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-80" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">80 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Karenina" title="Anna Karenina – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Anna Karenina" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7_(%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9)" title="آنا كارينينا (رواية) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آنا كارينينا (رواية)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A1_%D5%94%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1" title="Աննա Քարենինա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Աննա Քարենինա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="আন্না কাৰেনিনা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="আন্না কাৰেনিনা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ana_Karenina" title="Ana Karenina – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ana Karenina" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Karenina_(roman)" title="Anna Karenina (roman) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Anna Karenina (roman)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="আন্না কারেনিনা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আন্না কারেনিনা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Karenina" title="Anna Karenina – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Anna Karenina" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ганна Карэніна – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ганна Карэніна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ана Каренина – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ана Каренина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BC%84%E0%BC%85%E0%BC%8D%E0%BC%8D_%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%89%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="༄༅།། ཨན་ན་ཁ་ལི་ཉེ་ན། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="༄༅།། ཨན་ན་ཁ་ལི་ཉེ་ན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ana_Karenjina" title="Ana Karenjina – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ana Karenjina" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Kar%C3%A8nina" title="Anna Karènina – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Anna Karènina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Kareninov%C3%A1" title="Anna Kareninová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Anna Kareninová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Karenina" title="Anna Karenina – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Anna Karenina" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Karenina" title="Anna Karenina – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Anna Karenina" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Karenina" title="Anna Karenina – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Anna Karenina" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Karenina" title="Anna Karenina – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Anna Karenina" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B1_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Άννα Καρένινα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άννα Καρένινα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ana_Karenina" title="Ana Karenina – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ana Karenina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Karenina" title="Anna Karenina – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Anna Karenina" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Karenina" title="Anna Karenina – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Anna Karenina" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7" title="آنا کارنینا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آنا کارنینا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Kar%C3%A9nine" title="Anna Karénine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Anna Karénine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Karenina" title="Anna Karenina – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Anna Karenina" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Karenina" title="Anna Karenina – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Anna Karenina" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%88%EB%82%98_%EC%B9%B4%EB%A0%88%EB%8B%88%EB%82%98" title="안나 카레니나 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="안나 카레니나" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A1_%D4%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1" title="Աննա Կարենինա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աննա Կարենինա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="आन्ना कारेनिना – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आन्ना कारेनिना" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ana_Karenjina" title="Ana Karenjina – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ana Karenjina" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Karenina" title="Anna Karenina – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Anna Karenina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Karenina" title="Anna Karenina – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anna Karenina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94" title="אנה קארנינה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנה קארנינה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE_%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE" title="ಅನ್ನಾ ಕರೆನೀನಾ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅನ್ನಾ ಕರೆನೀನಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ანა კარენინა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ანა კარენინა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Karenina" title="Anna Karenina – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Anna Karenina" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Анна Каренина – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Анна Каренина" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Karenina" title="Anna Karenina – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Anna Karenina" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Kare%C5%86ina" title="Anna Kareņina – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Anna Kareņina" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ana_Karenina" title="Ana Karenina – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ana Karenina" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Karenyina" title="Anna Karenyina – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Anna Karenyina" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ана Каренина – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ана Каренина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8" title="അന്നാ കരേനിന – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അന്നാ കരേനിന" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="आना कारेनिना – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आना कारेनिना" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7" title="انا كارينينا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="انا كارينينا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Karenina" title="Anna Karenina – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Anna Karenina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Karenina" title="Anna Karenina – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Anna Karenina" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Анна Каренина – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Анна Каренина" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Karenina" title="Anna Karenina – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Anna Karenina" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8B%E3%83%8A" title="アンナ・カレーニナ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アンナ・カレーニナ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Karenina" title="Anna Karenina – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Anna Karenina" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Karenina" title="Anna Karenina – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Anna Karenina" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Karenina" title="Anna Karenina – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Anna Karenina" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE" title="ਅੰਨਾ ਕਾਰੇਨੀਨਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅੰਨਾ ਕਾਰੇਨੀਨਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7_%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7" title="انا کرینینا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="انا کرینینا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pwn mw-list-item"><a href="https://pwn.wikipedia.org/wiki/anna_karinina" title="anna karinina – Paiwan" lang="pwn" hreflang="pwn" data-title="anna karinina" data-language-autonym="Pinayuanan" data-language-local-name="Paiwan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pinayuanan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Karenina" title="Anna Karenina – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Anna Karenina" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Karenina" title="Anna Karenina – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Anna Karenina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Karenina_(roman)" title="Anna Karenina (roman) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Anna Karenina (roman)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Анна Каренина – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Анна Каренина" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/ci_An-na_Ka-liey-ni-na" title="ci An-na Ka-liey-ni-na – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="ci An-na Ka-liey-ni-na" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Karenina" title="Anna Karenina – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Anna Karenina" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%87%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F" title="ඇනා කැරනිනා – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඇනා කැරනිනා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Karenina" title="Anna Karenina – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Anna Karenina" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ana_Karenina" title="Ana Karenina – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ana Karenina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%86%D8%A7_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8E%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7_(%DA%95%DB%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="ئاننا کارێنینا (ڕۆمان) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئاننا کارێنینا (ڕۆمان)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ана Карењина – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ана Карењина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ana_Karenjina" title="Ana Karenjina – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ana Karenjina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Karenina" title="Anna Karenina – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Anna Karenina" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Karenina" title="Anna Karenina – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Anna Karenina" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE" title="அன்னா கரேனினா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அன்னா கரேனினா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2_%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2" title="อันนา คาเรนินา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อันนา คาเรนินา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Karenina" title="Anna Karenina – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Anna Karenina" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Анна Кареніна – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Анна Кареніна" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Karenina" title="Anna Karenina – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Anna Karenina" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Karenina" title="Anna Karenina – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Anna Karenina" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AB%BB%E5%A5%88%C2%B7%E4%BB%8B%E9%80%A3%E5%B0%BC%E5%A8%9C" title="櫻奈·介連尼娜 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="櫻奈·介連尼娜" 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January 2022</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Karenina&action=edit&oldid=1066334034" title="Anna Karenina">edit</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2022-01-17T22:06:49Z"></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Pabiggin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new mw-userlink" title="User:Pabiggin (page does not exist)" data-mw-revid="1066334034"><bdi>Pabiggin</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Pabiggin" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Pabiggin">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Pabiggin" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Pabiggin">contribs</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>238</span> edits</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle3"> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses">deleted link to map destroyed by Google</span></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle5"></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Karenina&diff=prev&oldid=1066334034" title="Anna Karenina" id="differences-prevlink">← Previous edit</a></div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-ntitle diff-side-added"><div id="mw-diff-ntitle1"><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Karenina&oldid=1074046076" title="Anna Karenina">Revision as of 03:43, 26 February 2022</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Karenina&action=edit&oldid=1074046076" title="Anna Karenina">edit</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2022-02-26T03:43:16Z"></span> <span class="mw-diff-undo"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Karenina&action=edit&undoafter=1066334034&undo=1074046076" title=""Undo" reverts this edit and opens the edit form in preview mode. It allows adding a reason in the summary.">undo</a></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle2"><a href="/wiki/User:Pedro_Felipe" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Pedro Felipe" data-mw-revid="1074046076"><bdi>Pedro Felipe</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Pedro_Felipe" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Pedro Felipe">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Pedro_Felipe" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Pedro Felipe">contribs</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_confirmed_editors" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Extended confirmed editors">Extended confirmed users</a></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>677</span> edits</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle3"> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses"><span class="autocomment"><a href="#Film_and_television">→<bdi dir="ltr">Film and television</bdi></a></span></span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle5"><span class="mw-tag-markers"><a href="/wiki/Special:Tags" title="Special:Tags">Tag</a>: <span class="mw-tag-marker mw-tag-marker-visualeditor"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor">Visual edit</a></span></span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Karenina&diff=next&oldid=1074046076" title="Anna Karenina" id="differences-nextlink">Next edit →</a></div></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 206:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 206:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>* 2012: [[Anna Karenina (2012 film)|''Anna Karenina'' (2012 film)]], a British version by [[Joe Wright]] from a screenplay by [[Tom Stoppard]], starring [[Keira Knightley]] and [[Jude Law]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>* 2012: [[Anna Karenina (2012 film)|''Anna Karenina'' (2012 film)]], a British version by [[Joe Wright]] from a screenplay by [[Tom Stoppard]], starring [[Keira Knightley]] and [[Jude Law]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>* 2013: [[Anna Karenina (2013 Italian TV series)|''Anna Karenina'' (2013 TV series)]], an English-language Italian/French/Spanish/German/Lithuanian TV co-production by [[Christian Duguay (director)|Christian Duguay]] and starring [[Vittoria Puccini]], [[Benjamin Sadler]] and [[Santiago Cabrera]]; alternatively presented as a two-part mini-series or a single 3 hours and 15 minutes film<ref>{{imdb title|tt2821430|Anna Karenina|(TV Mini-Series 2013– )|access-date=2013-05-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.filmneweurope.com/news/lithuania-news/item/104437-anna-karenina-shooting-in-lithuania |work=FilmNewEurope |title=Anna Karenina shooting in Lithuania |date=2012-11-23 |access-date=2019-05-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.luxvide.it/en/anna-karenina-143.html |title=Anna Karenina |website=Lux Vide S.p.A. |access-date=2019-05-26}}</ref></div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>* 2013: [[Anna Karenina (2013 Italian TV series)|''Anna Karenina'' (2013 TV series)]], an English-language Italian/French/Spanish/German/Lithuanian TV co-production by [[Christian Duguay (director)|Christian Duguay]] and starring [[Vittoria Puccini]], [[Benjamin Sadler]] and [[Santiago Cabrera]]; alternatively presented as a two-part mini-series or a single 3 hours and 15 minutes film<ref>{{imdb title|tt2821430|Anna Karenina|(TV Mini-Series 2013– )|access-date=2013-05-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.filmneweurope.com/news/lithuania-news/item/104437-anna-karenina-shooting-in-lithuania |work=FilmNewEurope |title=Anna Karenina shooting in Lithuania |date=2012-11-23 |access-date=2019-05-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.luxvide.it/en/anna-karenina-143.html |title=Anna Karenina |website=Lux Vide S.p.A. |access-date=2019-05-26}}</ref></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>* 2015: ''[[The Beautiful Lie (TV series)|The Beautiful Lie]]'' (2015 miniseries), an Australian contemporary re-imagining of Anna Karenina, by <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[</del>Glendyn Ivin<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> (director)</del> and Peter Salmon<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> (director)]]</del> starring [[Sarah Snook]], [[<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Roger</del> Corser]], [[Benedict Samuel]], [[Sophie Lowe]]<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/tv/programs/beautiful-lie/ The beautiful lie]</ref></div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>* 2015: ''[[The Beautiful Lie (TV series)|The Beautiful Lie]]'' (2015 miniseries), an Australian contemporary re-imagining of Anna Karenina, by Glendyn Ivin and Peter Salmon starring [[Sarah Snook]], [[<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Rodger</ins> Corser]], [[Benedict Samuel]], [[Sophie Lowe]]<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/tv/programs/beautiful-lie/ The beautiful lie]</ref></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>* 2017: ''[[Anna Karenina: Vronsky's Story]]'', a Russian adaption directed by [[Karen Shakhnazarov]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>* 2017: ''[[Anna Karenina: Vronsky's Story]]'', a Russian adaption directed by [[Karen Shakhnazarov]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> </table><hr class='diff-hr' id='mw-oldid' /> <h2 class='diff-currentversion-title'>Revision as of 03:43, 26 February 2022</h2> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1877 novel by Leo Tolstoy</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the novel by Tolstoy. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Anna Karenina (disambiguation)">Anna Karenina (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Anna_Karina" title="Anna Karina">Anna Karina</a>, the actress.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%; font-style:italic; padding-bottom:0.2em;">Anna Karenina <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anna+Karenina&rft.author=%5B%5BLeo+Tolstoy%5D%5D&rft.date=%5B%5B1878+in+literature%7C1878%5D%5D&rft.pub=%27%27%5B%5BThe+Russian+Messenger%5D%5D%27%27&rft.place=Russia&rft.pages=864&rft_id=info:oclcnum/220005468"></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:AnnaKareninaTitle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/AnnaKareninaTitle.jpg/220px-AnnaKareninaTitle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="353" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/AnnaKareninaTitle.jpg/330px-AnnaKareninaTitle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/AnnaKareninaTitle.jpg/440px-AnnaKareninaTitle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1994" data-file-height="3200" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Cover page of the first volume of <i>Anna Karenina</i>, Moscow, 1878</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Author</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Original title</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Анна Каренина</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Translator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Constance_Garnett" title="Constance Garnett">Constance Garnett</a> <small>(initial)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">Russian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Literary_realism" title="Literary realism">Realist novel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Russian_Messenger" title="The Russian Messenger">The Russian Messenger</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Publication date</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1878_in_literature" title="1878 in literature">1878</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication place</th><td class="infobox-data">Russia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Media type</th><td class="infobox-data">Print <small>(<a href="/wiki/Serial_(literature)" title="Serial (literature)">serial</a>)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pages</th><td class="infobox-data">864</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84749-059-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84749-059-9">978-1-84749-059-9</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)"><abbr title="Online Computer Library Center number">OCLC</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/220005468">220005468</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Anna Karenina</b></i> (Russian: <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">«Анна Каренина»</span></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ru-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[ˈanːə<span class="wrap"> </span>kɐˈrʲenʲɪnə]</a></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-Nabokov_1980_137_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nabokov_1980_137-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Novel" title="Novel">novel</a> by the Russian author <a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a>, first published in book form in 1878. Many writers consider it to be one of the greatest works of literature ever written,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Tolstoy himself called it his first true novel. It was initially released in serial installments from 1875 to 1877, all but the last part appearing in the periodical <i><a href="/wiki/The_Russian_Messenger" title="The Russian Messenger">The Russian Messenger</a>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A complex novel in eight parts, with more than a dozen major characters, <i>Anna Karenina</i> is spread over more than 800 pages (depending on the translation and publisher), typically contained in two volumes. It deals with themes of <a href="/wiki/Betrayal" title="Betrayal">betrayal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Faith" title="Faith">faith</a>, family, marriage, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Imperial Russian</a> society, desire, and rural vs. city life. The story centers on an <a href="/wiki/Extramarital_affair" class="mw-redirect" title="Extramarital affair">extramarital affair</a> between Anna and dashing <a href="/wiki/Cavalry_officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Cavalry officer">cavalry officer</a> Count Alexei Kirillovich Vronsky that scandalizes the social circles of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> and forces the young lovers to flee to Italy in a search for happiness, but after they return to Russia, their lives further unravel. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Train" title="Train">Trains</a> are a <a href="/wiki/Motif_(narrative)" title="Motif (narrative)">motif</a> throughout the novel, with several major plot points taking place either on passenger trains or at stations in Saint Petersburg or elsewhere in Russia. The story takes place against the backdrop of the liberal reforms initiated by <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Alexander_II_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Alexander II of Russia">Emperor Alexander II of Russia</a> and the rapid societal transformations that followed. The novel has been <a href="/wiki/Adaptations_of_Anna_Karenina" title="Adaptations of Anna Karenina">adapted</a> into various media including <a href="/wiki/Theatre" title="Theatre">theatre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a>, film, television, <a href="/wiki/Ballet" title="Ballet">ballet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Figure_skating" title="Figure skating">figure skating</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Radio_drama" title="Radio drama">radio drama</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Main_characters">Main characters</h2></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anna_Karenina_family_tree_EN.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Anna_Karenina_family_tree_EN.jpg/400px-Anna_Karenina_family_tree_EN.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Anna_Karenina_family_tree_EN.jpg/600px-Anna_Karenina_family_tree_EN.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Anna_Karenina_family_tree_EN.jpg/800px-Anna_Karenina_family_tree_EN.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2268" data-file-height="566" /></a><figcaption>Anna Karenina <a href="/wiki/Family_tree" title="Family tree">family tree</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Anna Arkadyevna Karenina (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Анна Аркадьевна Каренина</span></span>): Stepan Oblonsky's sister, Karenin's wife and Vronsky's lover.</li> <li>Count Alexei Kirillovich Vronsky (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Алексей Кириллович Вронский</span></span>): Anna's lover, <a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">cavalry</a> officer.</li> <li>Prince Stepan "Stiva" Arkadyevich Oblonsky (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Степан "Стива" Аркадьевич Облонский</span></span>): <a href="/wiki/Civil_service" title="Civil service">civil servant</a> and Anna's brother, man about town, 34 years of age. (Stepan and Stiva are Russianized forms of <i>Stephen</i> and <i>Steve</i>, respectively.)</li> <li>Princess Darya "Dolly" Alexandrovna Oblonskaya (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Дарья "Долли" Александровна Облонская</span></span>): Stepan's wife, 33 years of age.</li> <li>Alexei Alexandrovich Karenin (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Алексей Александрович Каренин</span></span>): senior statesman and Anna's husband, twenty years her senior.</li> <li>Konstantin "Kostya" Dmitrievich Levin/Lyovin (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Константин Дмитриевич Лёвин</span></span>): Kitty's suitor, Stiva's old friend, landowner, 32 years of age.</li> <li>Nikolai Dmitrievich Levin/Lyovin (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Николай Дмитриевич Лёвин</span></span>): Konstantin's elder brother, impoverished alcoholic.</li> <li>Sergei Ivanovich Koznyshev (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Сергей Иванович Кознышев</span></span>): Konstantin's half-brother, celebrated writer, 40 years of age.</li> <li>Princess Ekaterina "Kitty" Alexandrovna Shcherbatskaya (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Екатерина Александровна Щербацкая</span></span>): Dolly's younger sister and later Levin's wife, 18 years of age.</li> <li>Princess Elizaveta "Betsy" Tverskaya (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Елизавета "Бетси" Тверская</span></span>): Anna's wealthy, morally loose society friend and Vronsky's cousin.</li> <li>Countess Lidia (or Lydia) Ivanovna (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Лидия Ивановна</span></span>): leader of a high society circle that includes Karenin, and shuns Princess Betsy and her circle. She maintains an interest in the Russian Orthodox, mystical and spiritual.</li> <li>Countess Vronskaya: Vronsky's mother.</li> <li>Sergei "Seryozha" Alexeyich Karenin (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Сергей "Серёжа" Каренин</span></span>): Anna and Karenin's son, 8 years of age.</li> <li>Anna "Annie" (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Анна "Ани"</span></span>): Anna and Vronsky's daughter.</li> <li>Agafya Mikhailovna: Levin's former nurse, now his trusted housekeeper.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot_introduction">Plot introduction</h2></div> <p><i>Anna Karenina</i> consists of more than the story of Anna Karenina, a married socialite, and her affair with the affluent Count Vronsky, though their relationship is a very strong component of the plot.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The story starts when she arrives in the midst of a family broken up by her brother's unbridled womanizing—something that prefigures her own later situation, though she would experience less tolerance by others. </p><p>A bachelor, Vronsky is eager to marry Anna if she will agree to leave her husband Karenin, a senior government official, but she is vulnerable to the pressures of Russian social norms, the moral laws of the Russian Orthodox Church, her own insecurities, her love for her son, and Karenin's indecision. Although Vronsky and Anna go to Italy, where they can be together, they have trouble making friends. Back in Russia, she is shunned, becoming further isolated and anxious, while Vronsky pursues his social life. Despite Vronsky's reassurances, she grows increasingly possessive and paranoid about his imagined infidelity, fearing her own loss of control. </p><p>A parallel story within the novel is that of Konstantin Levin, a wealthy country landowner who wants to marry Kitty, sister to Dolly and sister-in-law to Anna's brother Stepan Oblonsky. Levin has to propose twice before Kitty accepts. The novel details Levin's difficulties managing his estate, his eventual marriage, and his struggle to accept the Christian faith, until the birth of his first child. </p><p>The novel explores a diverse range of topics throughout its approximately one thousand pages. Some of these topics include an evaluation of the feudal system that existed in Russia at the time—politics, not only in the Russian government but also at the level of the individual characters and families, religion, morality, gender and social class. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Story_summary">Story summary</h2></div> <p>The novel is divided into eight parts. Its <a href="/wiki/Epigraph_(literature)" title="Epigraph (literature)">epigraph</a> is "Vengeance is mine; I will repay", from <a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Romans#Transformation_of_believers_.2812.E2.80.9315:13.29" title="Epistle to the Romans">Romans 12:19</a>, which in turn quotes from <a href="/wiki/Haazinu_(parsha)#Fifth_reading_.E2.80.94_Deuteronomy_32:29.E2.80.9339" class="mw-redirect" title="Haazinu (parsha)">Deuteronomy 32:35</a>. The novel begins with one of its most oft-quoted lines: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Все счастливые семьи похожи друг на друга, каждая несчастливая семья несчастлива по-своему.</span></span><br /><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">Vse schastlivyye sem'i pokhozhi drug na druga, kazhdaya neschastlivaya sem'ya neschastliva po-svoyemu.</i></span><br />Happy families are all alike; every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Part_1">Part 1</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greta_Garbo_Anna_Karenina_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Greta_Garbo_Anna_Karenina_4.jpg/170px-Greta_Garbo_Anna_Karenina_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Greta_Garbo_Anna_Karenina_4.jpg/255px-Greta_Garbo_Anna_Karenina_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Greta_Garbo_Anna_Karenina_4.jpg/340px-Greta_Garbo_Anna_Karenina_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1269" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Greta_Garbo" title="Greta Garbo">Greta Garbo</a> in a publicity still for <i><a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina_(1935_film)" title="Anna Karenina (1935 film)">Anna Karenina</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/MGM" class="mw-redirect" title="MGM">MGM</a>'s influential 1935 production of Tolstoy's novel.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The novel opens with a scene that introduces Prince Stepan Arkadyevich Oblonsky ("Stiva"), a <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> <a href="/wiki/Aristocracy_(class)" title="Aristocracy (class)">aristocrat</a> and civil servant who has been unfaithful to his wife, Princess Darya Alexandrovna ("Dolly"). Dolly has discovered his affair with the family's governess, and the household and family are in turmoil. Stiva informs the household that his married sister, Anna Arkadyevna Karenina, is coming to visit from <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> in a bid to calm the situation. </p><p>Meanwhile, Stiva's childhood friend, Konstantin Dmitrievich Levin ("Kostya"), arrives in Moscow with the aim of proposing to Dolly's youngest sister, Princess Katerina Alexandrovna Shcherbatskaya ("Kitty"). Levin is a passionate, restless, but shy aristocratic landowner who, unlike his Moscow friends, chooses to live in the country on his large estate. He discovers that Kitty is also being pursued by Count Alexei Kirillovich Vronsky, an army cavalry officer. </p><p>Whilst at the railway station to meet Anna, Stiva bumps into Vronsky who is there to meet his mother, the Countess Vronskaya. Anna and Vronskaya have traveled and talked together in the same carriage. As the family members are reunited, and Vronsky sees Anna for the first time, a railway worker accidentally falls in front of a train and is killed. Anna interprets this as an "evil omen". Vronsky, however, is infatuated with Anna, and donates two hundred <a href="/wiki/Roubles" class="mw-redirect" title="Roubles">roubles</a> to the dead man's family, which impresses her. Anna is also uneasy about leaving her young son, Sergei ("Seryozha"), alone for the first time. </p><p>At the Oblonsky home, Anna talks openly and emotionally to Dolly about Stiva's affair and convinces her that Stiva still loves her despite the infidelity. Dolly is moved by Anna's speeches and decides to forgive Stiva. </p><p>Kitty, who comes to visit Dolly and Anna, is just eighteen. In her first season as a <a href="/wiki/Debutante" title="Debutante">debutante</a>, she is expected to make an excellent match with a man of her social standing. Vronsky has been paying her considerable attention, and she expects to dance with him at a ball that evening. Kitty is very struck by Anna's beauty and personality and becomes infatuated with her just as Vronsky. When Levin proposes to Kitty at her home, she clumsily turns him down, believing she is in love with Vronsky and that he will propose to her, and encouraged to do so by her mother, who believes Vronsky would be a better match (in contrast to Kitty's father, who favors Levin). </p><p>At the big ball Kitty expects to hear something definitive from Vronsky, but he dances with Anna instead, choosing her as a partner over a shocked and heartbroken Kitty. Kitty realizes that Vronsky has fallen in love with Anna and has no intention of marrying her, despite his overt flirtations. Vronsky has regarded his interactions with Kitty merely as a source of amusement and assumes that Kitty has acted for the same reasons. Anna, shaken by her emotional and physical response to Vronsky, returns at once to St. Petersburg. Vronsky travels on the same train. During the overnight journey, the two meet and Vronsky confesses his love. Anna refuses him, although she is deeply affected by his attentions to her. </p><p>Levin, crushed by Kitty's refusal, returns to his estate, abandoning any hope of marriage. Anna returns to her husband, Count Alexei Alexandrovich Karenin, a senior government official, and her son, Seryozha, in St. Petersburg. On seeing her husband for the first time since her encounter with Vronsky, Anna realizes that she finds him unattractive, though she tells herself he is a good man. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Part_2">Part 2</h3></div> <p>The Shcherbatskys consult doctors over Kitty's health, which has been failing since Vronsky's rejection. A specialist advises that Kitty should go abroad to a health <a href="/wiki/Spa" title="Spa">spa</a> to recover. Dolly speaks to Kitty and understands she is suffering because of Vronsky and Levin, whom she cares for and had hurt in vain. Kitty, humiliated by Vronsky and tormented by her rejection of Levin, upsets her sister by referring to Stiva's infidelity, saying she could never love a man who betrayed her. Meanwhile, Stiva visits Levin on his country estate while selling a nearby plot of land. </p><p>In St. Petersburg, Anna begins to spend more time in the inner circle of Princess Elizaveta ("Betsy"), a fashionable socialite and Vronsky's cousin. Vronsky continues to pursue Anna. Although she initially tries to reject him, she eventually succumbs to his attentions and begins an affair. Meanwhile, Karenin reminds his wife of the impropriety of paying too much attention to Vronsky in public, which is becoming the subject of gossip. He is concerned about the couple's public image, although he mistakenly believes that Anna is above suspicion. </p><p>Vronsky, a keen <a href="/wiki/Equestrianism" title="Equestrianism">horseman</a>, takes part in a <a href="/wiki/Steeplechase_(horse_racing)" title="Steeplechase (horse racing)">steeplechase</a> event, during which he rides his <a href="/wiki/Mare" title="Mare">mare</a> Frou-Frou too hard—his irresponsibility causing him to fall and break the horse's back. Anna is unable to hide her distress during the accident. Before this, Anna had told Vronsky that she is pregnant with his child. Karenin is also present at the races and remarks to Anna that her behaviour is improper. Anna, in a state of extreme distress and emotion, confesses her affair to her husband. Karenin asks her to break it off to avoid further gossip, believing that their marriage will be preserved. </p><p>Kitty and her mother travel to a German <a href="/wiki/Spring_(hydrosphere)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spring (hydrosphere)">spa</a> to recover from her ill health. There, they meet the wheelchair-bound <a href="/wiki/Pietist" class="mw-redirect" title="Pietist">Pietist</a> Madame Stahl and the saintly Varenka, her adopted daughter. Influenced by Varenka, Kitty becomes extremely pious, but becomes disillusioned by her father's criticism when she learns Madame Stahl is faking her illness. She then returns to Moscow. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Part_3">Part 3</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kolesov_Anna_Karenina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Kolesov_Anna_Karenina.jpg/170px-Kolesov_Anna_Karenina.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Kolesov_Anna_Karenina.jpg/255px-Kolesov_Anna_Karenina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Kolesov_Anna_Karenina.jpg/340px-Kolesov_Anna_Karenina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1767" data-file-height="2428" /></a><figcaption><i>Portrait of a Young Woman</i> (or so called "<i>Anna Karenina</i>") by Aleksei Mikhailovich Kolesov, 1885, <a href="/wiki/National_Museum,_Warsaw" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum, Warsaw">National Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Levin continues working on his estate, a setting closely tied to his spiritual thoughts and struggles. He wrestles with the idea of falseness, wondering how he should go about ridding himself of it, and criticising what he feels is falseness in others. He develops ideas relating to <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>, and the unique relationship between the agricultural labourer and his native land and culture. He comes to believe that the agricultural reforms of Europe will not work in Russia because of the unique culture and personality of the Russian peasant. </p><p>When Levin visits Dolly, she attempts to understand what happened between him and Kitty and to explain Kitty's behaviour. Levin is very agitated by Dolly's talk about Kitty, and he begins to feel distant from Dolly as he perceives her loving behaviour towards her children as false. Levin resolves to forget Kitty and contemplates the possibility of marriage to a <a href="/wiki/Peasant" title="Peasant">peasant</a> woman. However, a chance sighting of Kitty in her carriage makes Levin realize he still loves her. Meanwhile, in St. Petersburg, Karenin refuses to separate from Anna, insisting that their relationship will continue. He threatens to take away Seryozha if she persists in her affair with Vronsky. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Part_4">Part 4</h3></div> <p>When Anna and Vronsky continue seeing each other, Karenin consults with a lawyer about obtaining a <a href="/wiki/Divorce" title="Divorce">divorce</a>. During the time period, a divorce in Russia could only be requested by the innocent party in an affair and required either that the guilty party confessed—which would ruin Anna's position in society and bar her from remarrying in the Orthodox Church—or that the guilty party be discovered in the act of adultery. Karenin forces Anna to hand over some of Vronsky's love letters, which the lawyer deems insufficient as proof of the affair. Stiva and Dolly argue against Karenin's drive for a divorce. </p><p>Karenin changes his plans after hearing that Anna is dying after the difficult <a href="/wiki/Childbirth" title="Childbirth">birth</a> of her daughter, Annie. At her bedside, Karenin forgives Vronsky. However, Vronsky, embarrassed by Karenin's <a href="/wiki/Magnanimity" title="Magnanimity">magnanimity</a>, unsuccessfully attempts suicide by shooting himself. As Anna recovers, she finds that she cannot bear living with Karenin despite his forgiveness and his attachment to Annie. When she hears that Vronsky is about to leave for a military posting in <a href="/wiki/Tashkent" title="Tashkent">Tashkent</a>, she becomes desperate. Anna and Vronsky reunite and elope to Europe, leaving Seryozha and Karenin's offer of divorce. </p><p>Meanwhile, Stiva acts as a matchmaker with Levin: he arranges a meeting between him and Kitty, which results in their reconciliation and engagement. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Part_5">Part 5</h3></div> <p>Levin and Kitty marry and start their new life on his country estate. Although the couple are happy, they undergo a bitter and stressful first three months of marriage. Levin feels dissatisfied at the amount of time Kitty wants to spend with him and dwells on his inability to be as productive as he was as a bachelor. When the marriage starts to improve, Levin learns that his brother, Nikolai, is dying of <a href="/wiki/Consumption_(disease)" class="mw-redirect" title="Consumption (disease)">consumption</a>. Kitty offers to accompany Levin on his journey to see Nikolai and proves herself a great help in nursing Nikolai. Seeing his wife take charge of the situation in an infinitely more capable manner than he could have done himself without her, Levin's love for Kitty grows. Kitty eventually learns that she is pregnant. </p><p>In Europe, Vronsky and Anna struggle to find friends who will accept them. Whilst Anna is happy to be finally alone with Vronsky, he feels suffocated. They cannot socialize with Russians of their own class and find it difficult to amuse themselves. Vronsky, who believed that being with Anna was the key to his happiness, finds himself increasingly bored and unsatisfied. He takes up painting and makes an attempt to patronize an émigré Russian artist of genius. However, Vronsky cannot see that his own art lacks talent and passion, and that his conversation about art is extremely pretentious. Increasingly restless, Anna and Vronsky decide to return to Russia. </p><p>In St. Petersburg, Anna and Vronsky stay in one of the best hotels, but take separate suites. It becomes clear that whilst Vronsky is still able to move freely in Russian society, Anna is barred from it. Even her old friend, Princess Betsy, who has had affairs herself, evades her company. Anna starts to become anxious that Vronsky no longer loves her. Meanwhile, Karenin is comforted by Countess Lidia Ivanovna, an enthusiast of religious and mystic ideas fashionable with the upper classes. She advises him to keep Seryozha away from Anna and to tell him his mother is dead. However, Seryozha refuses to believe that this is true. Anna visits Seryozha uninvited on his ninth birthday but is discovered by Karenin. </p><p>Anna, desperate to regain at least some of her former position in society, attends a show at the <a href="/wiki/Theatre" title="Theatre">theatre</a> at which all of St. Petersburg's high society are present. Vronsky begs her not to go, but he is unable to bring himself to explain to her why she cannot attend. At the theatre, Anna is openly snubbed by her former friends, one of whom makes a deliberate scene and leaves the theatre. Anna is devastated. Unable to find a place for themselves in St. Petersburg, Anna and Vronsky leave for Vronsky's own country estate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Part_6">Part 6</h3></div> <p>Dolly, her mother the Princess Scherbatskaya, and Dolly's children spend the summer with Levin and Kitty. The Levins' life is simple and unaffected, although Levin is uneasy at the "invasion" of so many Scherbatskys. He becomes extremely <a href="/wiki/Jealous" class="mw-redirect" title="Jealous">jealous</a> when one of the visitors, Veslovsky, flirts openly with the pregnant Kitty. Levin tries to overcome his jealousy, and briefly succeeds during a hunt with Veslovsky and Oblonsky, but eventually succumbs to his feelings and orders Veslovsky to leave in an embarrassing scene. Veslovsky immediately goes to stay with Anna and Vronsky at their nearby estate. </p><p>When Dolly visits Anna, she is struck by the difference between the Levins' aristocratic-yet-simple home life and Vronsky's overtly luxurious and lavish country estate. She is also unable to keep pace with Anna's fashionable dresses or Vronsky's extravagant spending on a <a href="/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital">hospital</a> he is building. In addition, all is not quite well with Anna and Vronsky. Dolly notices Anna's anxious behaviour and her uncomfortable flirtations with Veslovsky. Vronsky makes an emotional request to Dolly, asking her to convince Anna to divorce Karenin so that the two might marry and live normally. </p><p>Anna has become intensely jealous of Vronsky and cannot bear when he leaves her, even for short excursions. When Vronsky leaves for several days of provincial elections, Anna becomes convinced that she must marry him to prevent him from leaving her. After Anna writes to Karenin, she and Vronsky leave the countryside for Moscow. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Part_7">Part 7</h3></div> <p>While visiting Moscow for Kitty's confinement, Levin quickly gets used to the city's fast-paced, expensive and frivolous society life. He accompanies Stiva to a <a href="/wiki/Gentleman%27s_club" class="mw-redirect" title="Gentleman's club">gentleman's club</a>, where the two meet Vronsky. Levin and Stiva pay a visit to Anna, who is occupying her empty days by being a patroness to an orphaned English girl. Levin is initially uneasy about the visit, but Anna easily puts him under her spell. When he admits to Kitty that he has visited Anna, she accuses him of falling in love with her. The couple are later reconciled, realising that Moscow society life has had a negative, corrupting effect on Levin. </p><p>Anna cannot understand why she can attract a man like Levin, who has a young and beautiful new wife, but can no longer attract Vronsky. Her relationship with Vronsky is under increasing strain, because he can move freely in Russian society while she remains excluded. Her increasing bitterness, boredom, and jealousy cause the couple to argue. Anna uses <a href="/wiki/Morphine" title="Morphine">morphine</a> to help her sleep, a habit she began while living with Vronsky at his country estate. She has become dependent on it. Meanwhile, after a long and difficult labour, Kitty gives birth to a son, Dmitri, nicknamed "Mitya". Levin is both horrified and profoundly moved by the sight of the tiny, helpless baby. </p><p>Stiva visits Karenin to seek his commendation for a new post. During the visit, Stiva asks Karenin to grant Anna a divorce (which would require him to confess to a non-existent affair), but Karenin's decisions are now governed by a French "<a href="/wiki/Clairvoyant" class="mw-redirect" title="Clairvoyant">clairvoyant</a>" recommended by Lidia Ivanovna. The clairvoyant apparently had a vision in his sleep during Stiva's visit and gives Karenin a cryptic message that he interprets in a way such that he must decline the request for divorce. </p><p>Anna becomes increasingly jealous and irrational towards Vronsky, whom she suspects of having love affairs with other women. She is also convinced that he will give in to his mother's plans to marry him off to a rich society woman. They have a bitter row and Anna believes the relationship is over. She starts to think of suicide as an escape from her torments. In her mental and emotional confusion, she sends a telegram to Vronsky asking him to come home to her, and then pays a visit to Dolly and Kitty. Anna's confusion and anger overcome her and, in conscious symmetry with the railway worker's death on her first meeting with Vronsky, from ground level at the end of a railway platform, she throws herself with fatal intent between the wagon <a href="/wiki/Wheelset_(rail_transport)" title="Wheelset (rail transport)">wheelsets</a> of a passing freight train. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Part_8">Part 8</h3></div> <p>Sergei Ivanovich's (Levin's brother) latest book is ignored by readers and critics and he participates in the Russian commitment to <a href="/wiki/Pan-Slavism" title="Pan-Slavism">Pan-Slavism</a>. Stiva gets the post he desired so much, and Karenin takes custody of Vronsky and Anna's baby, Annie. A group of Russian volunteers, including the suicidal Vronsky, depart from Russia to fight in the Orthodox Bulgarian revolt that has broken out against the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Turks</a>, more broadly identified as the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1877%E2%80%931878)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)">Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)</a>. </p><p>A lightning storm occurs at Levin's estate while his wife and newborn son are outdoors and, in his fear for their safety, Levin realizes that he does indeed love his son as much as he loves Kitty. Kitty's family is concerned that a man as altruistic as her husband does not consider himself to be a Christian. </p><p>After speaking at length to a peasant, Levin has a true change of heart, concluding that he does believe in the Christian principles taught to him in childhood and no longer questions his faith. He realizes that one must decide for oneself what is acceptable concerning one's own faith and beliefs. He chooses not to tell Kitty of the change that he has undergone. </p><p>Levin is initially displeased that his return to his faith does not bring with it a complete transformation to righteousness. However, at the end of the story, Levin arrives at the conclusion that despite his newly accepted beliefs, he is human and will go on making mistakes. His life can now be meaningfully and truthfully oriented toward righteousness. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Style_and_major_themes">Style and major themes</h2></div> <p>Tolstoy's style in <i>Anna Karenina</i> is considered by many critics to be transitional, forming a bridge between the <a href="/wiki/Literary_realism" title="Literary realism">realist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Modernist_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Modernist literature">modernist</a> novel.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Ruth Benson in her book about Tolstoy's heroines, Tolstoy's diaries show how displeased he was with his style and approach to writing in early drafts of <i>Anna Karenina</i>, quoting him as stating, "I loathe what I have written. The galleys of <i>Anna Karenina</i> for the April issue of <i>Russkij Vestnik</i> now lie on my table, and I really don't have the heart to correct them. Everything in them is so rotten, and the whole thing should be rewritten—all that has been printed too—scrapped, and melted down, thrown away, renounced (1876, JI 62: 265)".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Anna Karenina</i> is commonly thought to explore the themes of hypocrisy, jealousy, faith, fidelity, family, marriage, society, progress, carnal desire and passion, and the agrarian connection to land in contrast to the lifestyles of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to literary theorist Kornelije Kvas, in the novel <i>Anna Karenina</i>, "unofficial institutions of the system, presented through social salons, function as part of the power apparatus that successfully calms the disorder created by Anna’s irrational emotional action, which is a symbol of resistance to the system of social behavioral control."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Translator <a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Edmonds" title="Rosemary Edmonds">Rosemary Edmonds</a> wrote that Tolstoy does not explicitly moralise in the book, but instead allows his themes to emerge naturally from the "vast panorama of Russian life." She also says one of the novel's key messages is that "no one may build their happiness on another's pain."<sup id="cite_ref-Edmonds_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edmonds-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Levin is often considered a semi-autobiographical portrayal of Tolstoy's own beliefs, struggles, and life events.<sup id="cite_ref-Edmonds_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edmonds-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tolstoy's first name is "Lev," and the Russian surname "Levin" means "of Lev." According to footnotes in the Pevear/Volokhonsky translation, the viewpoints Levin supports throughout the novel in his arguments match Tolstoy's outspoken views on the same issues. Moreover, according to W. Gareth Jones, Levin proposed to Kitty in the same way as Tolstoy to <a href="/wiki/Sophia_Tolstaya" title="Sophia Tolstaya">Sophia Behrs</a>. Additionally, Levin's request that his fiancée read his diary as a way of disclosing his faults and previous sexual encounters parallels Tolstoy's own requests to his fiancée Behrs.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_context">Historical context</h2></div> <p>The events in the novel take place against the backdrop of rapid transformations as a result of the liberal reforms initiated by <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Alexander_II_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Alexander II of Russia">Emperor Alexander II of Russia</a>, principal among these the <a href="/wiki/Emancipation_reform_of_1861" title="Emancipation reform of 1861">Emancipation reform of 1861</a>, followed by judicial reform, including a jury system; military reforms, the introduction of elected local governments (<a href="/wiki/Zemstvo" title="Zemstvo">Zemstvo</a>), the fast development of railroads, banks, industry, <a href="/wiki/Telegraph" class="mw-redirect" title="Telegraph">telegraph</a>, the rise of new business elites and the decline of the old landed aristocracy, a freer press, the awakening of public opinion, the <a href="/wiki/Pan-Slavism" title="Pan-Slavism">Pan-Slavism</a> movement, <a href="/wiki/The_woman_question" title="The woman question">the woman question</a>, volunteering to aid <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> in its military conflict with the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> in 1876 etc. These contemporary developments are hotly debated by the characters in the novel.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The suburban railway station of Obiralovka, where one of the characters commits suicide, is now known as the town of <a href="/wiki/Zheleznodorozhny,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Zheleznodorozhny, Moscow Oblast">Zheleznodorozhny, Moscow Oblast</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Translations_into_English">Translations into English</h2></div> <ul><li><i>Anna Karénina</i>, translated by <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Haskell_Dole" title="Nathan Haskell Dole">Nathan Haskell Dole</a> (New York: Thomas Y. Crowell & Co., 1887)</li> <li><i>Anna Karenin</i>, translated by <a href="/wiki/Constance_Garnett" title="Constance Garnett">Constance Garnett</a> (London: <a href="/wiki/Heinemann_(publisher)" title="Heinemann (publisher)">William Heinemann</a>, 1901). Still widely reprinted <ul><li>Revised by Leonard J. Kent and <a href="/wiki/Nina_Berberova" title="Nina Berberova">Nina Berberova</a> as <i>Anna Karenina</i> (<a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>, 1965), republished by <a href="/wiki/Modern_Library" title="Modern Library">Modern Library</a> (2000)</li></ul></li> <li><i>Anna Karénin</i>, translated by <a href="/wiki/Leo_Wiener" title="Leo Wiener">Leo Wiener</a> (Boston: The Colonial Press, 1904)</li> <li><i>Anna Karenina</i>, translated by Rochelle S. Townsend (London: J. M. Dent & Sons, 1912; New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., 1912)</li> <li><i>Anna Karenina</i>, translated by <a href="/wiki/Louise_and_Aylmer_Maude" class="mw-redirect" title="Louise and Aylmer Maude">Louise and Aylmer Maude</a> (Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, 1918)</li> <li><i>Anna Karenin</i>, translated by <a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Edmonds" title="Rosemary Edmonds">Rosemary Edmonds</a> (Penguin, 1954)</li> <li><i>Anna Karenina</i>, translated by <a href="/wiki/Joel_Carmichael" title="Joel Carmichael">Joel Carmichael</a> (Bantam Books, 1960)</li> <li><i>Anna Karenina</i>, translated by <a href="/wiki/David_Magarshack" title="David Magarshack">David Magarshack</a> (New American Library, 1961)</li> <li><i>Anna Karénina</i>, translated by <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Wettlin" title="Margaret Wettlin">Margaret Wettlin</a> (Progress Publishers, 1978)</li> <li><i>Anna Karenina</i>, translated by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Pevear_and_Larissa_Volokhonsky" title="Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky">Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky</a> (Penguin, 2000)</li> <li><i>Anna Karenina</i>, translated by Kyril Zinovieff and Jenny Hughes (Oneworld Classics, 2008)</li> <li><i>Anna Karenina</i>, translated by <a href="/wiki/Rosamund_Bartlett" title="Rosamund Bartlett">Rosamund Bartlett</a> (Oxford University Press, 2014)<sup id="cite_ref-Trachtenberg_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trachtenberg-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Anna Karenina</i>, translated by <a href="/wiki/Marian_Schwartz" title="Marian Schwartz">Marian Schwartz</a> (Yale University Press, 2015)<sup id="cite_ref-Trachtenberg_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trachtenberg-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comparisons_of_translations">Comparisons of translations</h3></div> <p>Writing in the year 2000, academic Zoja Pavlovskis-Petit compared the different translations of <i>Anna Karenina</i> on the market. Commenting on the revision of Constance Garnett's 1901 translation she says: "The revision (1965) ... by Kent & Berberova (the latter no mean stylist herself) succeeds in 'correcting errors ... tightening the prose, converting Briticisms, and casting light on areas Mrs Garnett did not explore'. Their edition shows an excellent understanding of the details of Tolstoy's world (for instance, the fact that the elaborate coiffure Kitty wears to the ball is not her own hair—a detail that eludes most other translators), and at the same time they use English imaginatively (Kitty's shoes 'delighted her feet' rather than 'seemed to make her feet lighter'—Maude; a paraphrase). ... the purist will be pleased to see Kent & Berberova give all the Russian names in full, as used by the author; any reader will be grateful for the footnotes that elucidate anything not immediately accessible to someone not well acquainted with imperial Russia. This emended Garnett should probably be a reader's first choice." </p><p>She further comments on the Maudes' translation: "the revised Garnett and the Magarshack versions do better justice to the original, but still, the World's Classics edition (1995) ... offers a very full List of Characters ... and good notes based on the Maudes'." On Edmonds's translation she states: "[it] has the advantage of solid scholarship ... Yet she lacks a true sensitivity for the language ... [leading] to [her] missing many a subtlety." On Carmichael's version she comments: "this is a—rather breezily—readable translation ... but there are errors and misunderstandings, as well as clumsiness." On Magarshack's translation she comments: "[it] offers natural, simple, and direct English prose that is appropriate to Tolstoy's Russian. There is occasional awkwardness ... and imprecision ... but Magarshack understands the text ... and even when unable to translate an idiom closely he renders its real meaning ... This is a good translation." On Wettlin's <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> version she writes: "steady but uninspired, and sounds like English prose written by a Russian who knows the language but is not completely at home in it. The advantage is that Wettlin misses hardly any cultural detail."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <i>In Quest Of Tolstoy</i> (2008), Hughes McLean devotes a full chapter ("Which English <i>Anna</i>?") comparing different translations of <i>Anna Karenina</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His conclusion, after comparing seven translations, is that "the PV [Pevear and Volokhonsky] translation, while perfectly adequate, is in my view not consistently or unequivocally superior to others in the market."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He states his recommendations in the last two pages of the survey: "<i>None</i> of the existing translations is actively <i>bad</i> ... One's choice ... must therefore be based on nuances, subtleties, and refinements."<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He eliminates the Maudes for "disturbing errors" and "did not find either the Margashack or Carmichael ever superior to the others, and the lack of notes is a drawback." On Edmonds's version he states: "her version has no notes at all and all too frequently errs in the direction of making Tolstoy's 'robust awkwardness' conform to the translator's notion of good English style."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>McLean's recommendations are the Kent–Berberova revision of Garnett's translation and the Pevear and Volokhonsky version. "I consider the GKB [Garnett–Kent–Berberova] a very good version, even though it is based on an out-of-date Russian text. Kent and Berberova did a much more thorough and careful revision of Garnett's translation than Gibian did of the Maude one, and they have supplied fairly full notes, conveniently printed at the bottom of the page."<sup id="cite_ref-McLean,_Hughes_2008,_p_71_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McLean,_Hughes_2008,_p_71-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> McLean takes Pevear and Volokhonsky to task for not using the best critical text (the "Zaidenshnur–Zhdanov text") and offering flawed notes without consulting C.J. Turner's <i>A Karenina Companion</i> (1993), although he calls their version "certainly a good translation."<sup id="cite_ref-McLean,_Hughes_2008,_p_71_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McLean,_Hughes_2008,_p_71-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reviewing the translations by Bartlett and Schwartz for <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Book_Review" title="The New York Times Book Review">The New York Times Book Review</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Masha_Gessen" title="Masha Gessen">Masha Gessen</a> noted that each new translation of <i>Anna Karenina</i> ended up highlighting an aspect of Tolstoy's "variable voice" in the novel, and thus, "The Tolstoy of Garnett... is a monocled British gentleman who is simply incapable of taking his characters as seriously as they take themselves. Pevear and Volokhonsky... created a reasonable, calm storyteller who communicated in conversational American English. Rosamund Bartlett... creates an updated ironic-Brit version of Tolstoy. Marian Schwartz... has produced what is probably the least smooth-talking and most contradictory Tolstoy yet." Gessen found Schwartz's translation to be formally closer to the original Russian, but often weighed down with details as a result; Bartlett's translation, like Pevear and Volokhonsky's, was rendered in more idiomatic English and more readable.<sup id="cite_ref-Gessen_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gessen-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anna_Karenin"><i>Anna Karenin</i></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slavic_naming_customs" title="Eastern Slavic naming customs">Eastern Slavic naming customs</a></div> <p>The title has been translated as both <i>Anna Karenin</i> and <i>Anna Karenina.</i> The first instance eschews the Russian practice of employing gender-specific forms of surnames, instead using the masculine form for all characters. The second is a direct <a href="/wiki/Transliteration" title="Transliteration">transliteration</a> of the actual Russian name. <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov">Vladimir Nabokov</a> explains: "In Russian, a surname ending in a consonant acquires a final 'a' (except for the cases of such names that cannot be declined and except adjectives like OblonskAYA) when designating a woman."<sup id="cite_ref-Nabokov_1980_137_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nabokov_1980_137-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since surnames are not gendered in English, proponents of the first convention—removing the Russian 'a' to naturalize the name into English—argue that it is more consistent with English naming practice, and should be followed in an English translation. Nabokov, for instance, recommends that "only when the reference is to a female stage performer should English feminise a Russian surname (following a French custom: la Pavlova, 'the Pavlova'). Ivanov's and Karenin's wives are Mrs Ivanov and Mrs Karenin in Britain and the US—not 'Mrs Ivanova' or 'Mrs Karenina'."<sup id="cite_ref-Nabokov_1980_137_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nabokov_1980_137-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The practice favored by most translators, however, has been to allow Anna's actual Russian name to stand. <a href="/wiki/Larissa_Volokhonsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Larissa Volokhonsky">Larissa Volokhonsky</a>, herself a Russian, prefers the second option, as did <a href="/wiki/Aylmer_and_Louise_Maude" title="Aylmer and Louise Maude">Aylmer and Louise Maude</a>, who lived in Russia for many years and were friends of Tolstoy. A handful of other translators, including <a href="/wiki/Constance_Garnett" title="Constance Garnett">Constance Garnett</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Edmonds" title="Rosemary Edmonds">Rosemary Edmonds</a>, both non-Russians, prefer the first. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adaptations">Adaptations</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Adaptations_of_Anna_Karenina" title="Adaptations of Anna Karenina">Adaptations of Anna Karenina</a></div> <p>The novel has been adapted into various media including <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a>, film, television, <a href="/wiki/Ballet" title="Ballet">ballet</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Radio_drama" title="Radio drama">radio drama</a>. The first film adaptation was released in 1911 but has not survived.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film_and_television">Film and television</h3></div> <ul><li>1911: <a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina_(1911_film)" title="Anna Karenina (1911 film)"><i>Anna Karenina</i> (1911 film)</a>, a Russian adaptation directed by Maurice André Maître<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1914: <a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina_(1914_film)" title="Anna Karenina (1914 film)"><i>Anna Karenina</i> (1914 film)</a>, a Russian adaptation directed by <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Gardin" title="Vladimir Gardin">Vladimir Gardin</a></li> <li>1915: <a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina_(1915_film)" title="Anna Karenina (1915 film)"><i>Anna Karenina</i> (1915 film)</a>, an American version starring Danish actress <a href="/wiki/Betty_Nansen" title="Betty Nansen">Betty Nansen</a></li> <li>1918: <a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina_(1918_film)" title="Anna Karenina (1918 film)"><i>Anna Karenina</i> (1918 film)</a>, a Hungarian adaptation starring Irén Varsányi as Anna Karenina</li> <li>1927: <a href="/wiki/Love_(1927_American_film)" title="Love (1927 American film)"><i>Love</i> (1927 film)</a>, an American version, starring <a href="/wiki/Greta_Garbo" title="Greta Garbo">Greta Garbo</a> and directed by <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Goulding" title="Edmund Goulding">Edmund Goulding</a>. This version featured significant changes from the novel and had two different endings, with a happy one for American audiences</li> <li>1935: <a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina_(1935_film)" title="Anna Karenina (1935 film)"><i>Anna Karenina</i> (1935 film)</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/Greta_Garbo" title="Greta Garbo">Greta Garbo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fredric_March" title="Fredric March">Fredric March</a>; directed by <a href="/wiki/Clarence_Brown" title="Clarence Brown">Clarence Brown</a></li> <li>1948: <a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina_(1948_film)" title="Anna Karenina (1948 film)"><i>Anna Karenina</i> (1948 film)</a> starring <a href="/wiki/Vivien_Leigh" title="Vivien Leigh">Vivien Leigh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Richardson" title="Ralph Richardson">Ralph Richardson</a>; directed by <a href="/wiki/Julien_Duvivier" title="Julien Duvivier">Julien Duvivier</a></li> <li>1953: <a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina_(1953_film)" title="Anna Karenina (1953 film)"><i>Anna Karenina</i> (1953 film)</a>, a Russian version directed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tatyana_Lukashevich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tatyana Lukashevich (page does not exist)">Tatyana Lukashevich</a></li> <li>1953: <a href="/wiki/Panakkaari" title="Panakkaari">Panakkaari</a> (Rich woman), a <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil language</a> adaptation directed by K. S. Gopalakrishnan, starring <a href="/wiki/T._R._Rajakumari" title="T. R. Rajakumari">T. R. Rajakumari</a>, <a href="/wiki/M._G._Ramachandran" title="M. G. Ramachandran">M. G. Ramachandran</a> and <a href="/wiki/V._Nagaiah" class="mw-redirect" title="V. Nagaiah">V. Nagaiah</a>.</li> <li>1960: <i><a href="/wiki/Nahr_al-Hob" class="mw-redirect" title="Nahr al-Hob">Nahr al-Hob</a></i> (<i>River of Love</i>), an Egyptian movie directed by <a href="/wiki/Ezz_El-Dine_Zulficar" title="Ezz El-Dine Zulficar">Ezz El-Dine Zulficar</a></li> <li>1961: <a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina_(1961_film)" title="Anna Karenina (1961 film)"><i>Anna Karenina</i> (1961 film)</a>, a <a href="/wiki/BBC_Television" title="BBC Television">BBC Television</a> adaptation directed by <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_Cartier" title="Rudolph Cartier">Rudolph Cartier</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/Claire_Bloom" title="Claire Bloom">Claire Bloom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sean_Connery" title="Sean Connery">Sean Connery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-karenina_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-karenina-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-connery_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-connery-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1967: <a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina_(1967_film)" title="Anna Karenina (1967 film)"><i>Anna Karenina</i> (1967 film)</a>, a Russian version directed by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Zarkhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Zarkhi">Alexander Zarkhi</a></li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina_(1977_TV_serial)" title="Anna Karenina (1977 TV serial)"><i>Anna Karenina</i></a>, a 1977 ten-episode <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> series, directed by <a href="/wiki/Basil_Coleman" title="Basil Coleman">Basil Coleman</a> and starred <a href="/wiki/Nicola_Pagett" title="Nicola Pagett">Nicola Pagett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Porter" title="Eric Porter">Eric Porter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Wilson_(actor)" title="Stuart Wilson (actor)">Stuart Wilson</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1975/1979: <a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina_(1975_film)" title="Anna Karenina (1975 film)"><i>Anna Karenina</i> (1975 film)</a>, film of the <a href="/wiki/Bolshoi_Ballet" title="Bolshoi Ballet">Bolshoi Ballet</a> production, directed by <a href="/wiki/Margarita_Pilikhina" title="Margarita Pilikhina">Margarita Pilikhina</a>, first released in <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> in 1976. U.S. release in 1979<sup id="cite_ref-AMZN_1979_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AMZN_1979-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (April 2013)">unreliable source?</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-IMDb_1976_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMDb_1976-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (April 2013)">unreliable source?</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina_(1985_film)" title="Anna Karenina (1985 film)"><i>Anna Karenina</i> (1985 film)</a>, a TV Movie starring <a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Bisset" title="Jacqueline Bisset">Jacqueline Bisset</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Reeve" title="Christopher Reeve">Christopher Reeve</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Simon_Langton_(television_director)" title="Simon Langton (television director)">Simon Langton</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina_(1997_film)" title="Anna Karenina (1997 film)"><i>Anna Karenina</i> (1997 film)</a>, the first American version filmed entirely in Russia, directed by <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Rose_(director)" title="Bernard Rose (director)">Bernard Rose</a> and starring <a href="/wiki/Sophie_Marceau" title="Sophie Marceau">Sophie Marceau</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sean_Bean" title="Sean Bean">Sean Bean</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina_(2000_TV_series)" title="Anna Karenina (2000 TV series)"><i>Anna Karenina</i> (2000 TV series)</a>, a British version by <a href="/wiki/David_Blair_(director)" title="David Blair (director)">David Blair</a> and starring <a href="/wiki/Helen_McCrory" title="Helen McCrory">Helen McCrory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kevin_McKidd" title="Kevin McKidd">Kevin McKidd</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina_(2012_film)" title="Anna Karenina (2012 film)"><i>Anna Karenina</i> (2012 film)</a>, a British version by <a href="/wiki/Joe_Wright" title="Joe Wright">Joe Wright</a> from a screenplay by <a href="/wiki/Tom_Stoppard" title="Tom Stoppard">Tom Stoppard</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/Keira_Knightley" title="Keira Knightley">Keira Knightley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jude_Law" title="Jude Law">Jude Law</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Karenina_(2013_Italian_TV_series)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anna Karenina (2013 Italian TV series) (page does not exist)"><i>Anna Karenina</i> (2013 TV series)</a>, an English-language Italian/French/Spanish/German/Lithuanian TV co-production by <a href="/wiki/Christian_Duguay_(director)" title="Christian Duguay (director)">Christian Duguay</a> and starring <a href="/wiki/Vittoria_Puccini" title="Vittoria Puccini">Vittoria Puccini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Sadler" title="Benjamin Sadler">Benjamin Sadler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Cabrera" title="Santiago Cabrera">Santiago Cabrera</a>; alternatively presented as a two-part mini-series or a single 3 hours and 15 minutes film<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2015: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Beautiful_Lie_(TV_series)" title="The Beautiful Lie (TV series)">The Beautiful Lie</a></i> (2015 miniseries), an Australian contemporary re-imagining of Anna Karenina, by Glendyn Ivin and Peter Salmon starring <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Snook" title="Sarah Snook">Sarah Snook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rodger_Corser" title="Rodger Corser">Rodger Corser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benedict_Samuel" title="Benedict Samuel">Benedict Samuel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sophie_Lowe" title="Sophie Lowe">Sophie Lowe</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2017: <i><a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina:_Vronsky%27s_Story" title="Anna Karenina: Vronsky's Story">Anna Karenina: Vronsky's Story</a></i>, a Russian adaption directed by <a href="/wiki/Karen_Shakhnazarov" title="Karen Shakhnazarov">Karen Shakhnazarov</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theatre">Theatre</h3></div> <ul><li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Helen_Edmundson" title="Helen Edmundson">Helen Edmundson</a> adapted <i>Anna Karenina</i> for a production by <a href="/wiki/Shared_Experience" title="Shared Experience">Shared Experience</a> which toured around the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a> and internationally; Edmundson won a <a href="/wiki/Time_Out_(magazine)" title="Time Out (magazine)">Time Out</a> Award and a <a href="/wiki/Theatre_Awards_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre Awards UK">TMA Award</a><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ballet">Ballet</h3></div> <ul><li>1979: <i>Anna Karenina,</i> choreography by <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Prokovsky" title="André Prokovsky">André Prokovsky</a>, with music by <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky" title="Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky">Tchaikovsky</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina_(Eifman)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anna Karenina (Eifman)"><i>Anna Karenina</i></a>, choreography by <a href="/wiki/Boris_Eifman" title="Boris Eifman">Boris Eifman</a>, with music by Tchaikovsky</li> <li>2019: <i>Anna Karenina</i>, choreography by Yuri Possokhov, with music from Ilya Demutsky<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio">Radio</h3></div> <ul><li>1949: <i><a href="/wiki/The_MGM_Theater_of_the_Air" title="The MGM Theater of the Air">The MGM Theater of the Air</a></i>, starring <a href="/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich">Marlene Dietrich</a> and directed by Marx Loeb<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy_bibliography" title="Leo Tolstoy bibliography">Leo Tolstoy bibliography</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Nabokov_1980_137-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nabokov_1980_137_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nabokov_1980_137_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nabokov_1980_137_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNabokov1980" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov">Nabokov, Vladimir</a> (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mrU7DIwNbiEC&pg=PA137"><i>Lectures on Russian Literature</i></a>. New York: Harvest. p. 137 (note). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-15-649591-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-15-649591-0"><bdi>0-15-649591-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lectures+on+Russian+Literature&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=137+%28note%29&rft.pub=Harvest&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-15-649591-0&rft.aulast=Nabokov&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmrU7DIwNbiEC%26pg%3DPA137&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnna+Karenina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCrum2007" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_McCrum" title="Robert McCrum">McCrum, Robert</a> (4 March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2007/mar/04/1">"Can I make up my own mind?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/TheGuardian.com" class="mw-redirect" title="TheGuardian.com">TheGuardian.com</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2018</span>. <q>The answers to this survey, [What are the 10 Greatest Works of Literature of All Time?], supply the meat of [<i>The Top Ten: Writers Pick Their Favourite Books</i>], in which Anna Karenina emerges as the All Time Number One Work of Literature.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheGuardian.com&rft.atitle=Can+I+make+up+my+own+mind%3F&rft.date=2007-03-04&rft.aulast=McCrum&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2007%2Fmar%2F04%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnna+Karenina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Todd, William M. III (2003). “Anna on the Installment Plan: Teaching <i>Anna Karenina</i> through the History of Its Serial Publication,” <i>Approaches to Teaching Tolstoy’s “Anna Karenina,”</i> ed. Liza Knapp and Amy Mandeleker, New York: Modern Language Assoc. of America, p. 55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTolstoy2012" class="citation book cs1">Tolstoy, Leo (2012). <i>The Anna Karenina Companion: Includes Complete Text, Study Guide, Biography and Character Index</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Anna+Karenina+Companion%3A+Includes+Complete+Text%2C+Study+Guide%2C+Biography+and+Character+Index&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Tolstoy&rft.aufirst=Leo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnna+Karenina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cinematic Adaptations of Anna Karenina. Irina Makoveeva (University of Pittsburgh).<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.pitt.edu/~slavic/sisc/SISC2/docs/makoveeva.pdf">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMandelker1996" class="citation book cs1">Mandelker, Amy (1996). <i>Framing Anna Karenina : Tolstoy, the woman question, and the Victorian novel</i>. Columbus: <a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_University_Press" title="Ohio State University Press">Ohio State University Press</a>. p. 241. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8142-0613-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8142-0613-1"><bdi>0-8142-0613-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Framing+Anna+Karenina+%3A+Tolstoy%2C+the+woman+question%2C+and+the+Victorian+novel&rft.place=Columbus&rft.pages=241&rft.pub=Ohio+State+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-8142-0613-1&rft.aulast=Mandelker&rft.aufirst=Amy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnna+Karenina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ruth Benson. <i>Women in Tolstoy</i>. University of Illinois Press. p. 75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGradeSaver" class="citation web cs1">GradeSaver. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gradesaver.com/anna-karenina/study-guide/major-themes/">"Anna Karenina Themes"</a>. <i>gradesaver.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gradesaver.com&rft.atitle=Anna+Karenina+Themes&rft.au=GradeSaver&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gradesaver.com%2Fanna-karenina%2Fstudy-guide%2Fmajor-themes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnna+Karenina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKvas2019" class="citation book cs1">Kvas, Kornelije (2019). <i>The Boundaries of Realism in World Literature</i>. Lanham, Boulder, New York, London: Lexington Books. p. 99. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-7936-0910-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-7936-0910-6"><bdi>978-1-7936-0910-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Boundaries+of+Realism+in+World+Literature&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Boulder%2C+New+York%2C+London&rft.pages=99&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-7936-0910-6&rft.aulast=Kvas&rft.aufirst=Kornelije&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnna+Karenina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Edmonds-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Edmonds_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Edmonds_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tolstoy <i>Anna Karneni</i>, <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin</a>, 1954, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-044041-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-044041-0">0-14-044041-0</a>, see introduction by Rosemary Edmonds</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Feuer, Kathryn B. <i>Tolstoy and the Genesis of War and Peace</i>, <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Press" title="Cornell University Press">Cornell University Press</a>, 1996, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8014-1902-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8014-1902-6">0-8014-1902-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller,_Forrest_Allen,_1931-1968" class="citation book cs1">Miller, Forrest Allen, 1931- (1968). <i>Dmitrii Miliutin and the reform era in Russia</i>. Vanderbilt University Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/397207329">397207329</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dmitrii+Miliutin+and+the+reform+era+in+Russia&rft.pub=Vanderbilt+University+Press&rft.date=1968&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F397207329&rft.au=Miller%2C+Forrest+Allen%2C+1931-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnna+Karenina" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Trachtenberg-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Trachtenberg_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Trachtenberg_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrachtenberg2013" class="citation news cs1">Trachtenberg, Jeffrey (Sep 8, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887323455104579015190699664588">"How Many Times Can a Tale Be Told?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-09-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=How+Many+Times+Can+a+Tale+Be+Told%3F&rft.date=2013-09-08&rft.aulast=Trachtenberg&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB10001424127887323455104579015190699664588&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnna+Karenina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pavlovskis-Petit, Zoja. Entry: Lev Tolstoi, <i>Anna Karenina</i>. Classe, Olive (ed.). <i>Encyclopedia of Literary Translation into English</i>, 2000. London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, pp. 1405–06.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McLean, Hughes. <i>In Quest Of Tolstoy</i>, Academic Studies Press, 2008, pp. 53–70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McLean, Hughes. <i>In Quest Of Tolstoy</i>, Academic Studies Press, 2008, pp. 54–55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McLean, Hughes. <i>In Quest Of Tolstoy</i>, Academic Studies Press, 2008, p. 69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McLean, Hughes. <i>In Quest Of Tolstoy</i>, Academic Studies Press, 2008, p. 70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McLean,_Hughes_2008,_p_71-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McLean,_Hughes_2008,_p_71_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McLean,_Hughes_2008,_p_71_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">McLean, Hughes. <i>In Quest Of Tolstoy</i>, Academic Studies Press, 2008, p. 71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gessen-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gessen_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGessen2014" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Masha_Gessen" title="Masha Gessen">Gessen, Masha</a> (24 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/28/books/review/new-translations-of-tolstoys-anna-karenina.html">"New Translations of Tolstoy's 'Anna Karenina'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=New+Translations+of+Tolstoy%27s+%27Anna+Karenina%27&rft.date=2014-12-24&rft.aulast=Gessen&rft.aufirst=Masha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F12%2F28%2Fbooks%2Freview%2Fnew-translations-of-tolstoys-anna-karenina.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnna+Karenina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMakoveeva2001" class="citation journal cs1">Makoveeva, Irina (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911191008/http://www.pitt.edu/~slavic/sisc/SISC2/makoveeva.pdf">"Cinematic Adaptations of Anna Karenina"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Studies in Slavic Cultures</i> (2). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 16,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studies+in+Slavic+Cultures&rft.atitle=Cinematic+Adaptations+of+Anna+Karenina&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Makoveeva&rft.aufirst=Irina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pitt.edu%2F~slavic%2Fsisc%2FSISC2%2Fmakoveeva.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnna+Karenina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0210518/">"Anna Karenina (1911)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anna+Karenina+%281911%29&rft.pub=IMDb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0210518%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnna+Karenina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://efgposters.eyefilm.nl/NL-EYE-EFG1914_A05396.jpg">"Poster for Anna Karenine (1911)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(jpg)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2013</span>. <q>used to show spelling of the title</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Poster+for+Anna+Karenine+%281911%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fefgposters.eyefilm.nl%2FNL-EYE-EFG1914_A05396.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnna+Karenina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-karenina-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-karenina_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWake" class="citation web cs1">Wake, Oliver. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/1181098/index.html">"Cartier, Rudolph (1904–1994)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Screenonline" title="Screenonline">Screenonline</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070301083011/http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/1181098/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-02-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cartier%2C+Rudolph+%281904%E2%80%931994%29&rft.pub=Screenonline&rft.aulast=Wake&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.screenonline.org.uk%2Fpeople%2Fid%2F1181098%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnna+Karenina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-connery-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-connery_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/7947501/Lost-BBC-period-drama-of-Anna-Karenina-found-starring-Sean-Connery.html">"Lost BBC period drama of Anna Karenina found starring Sean Connery"</a>. London: <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>. 2010-08-17. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100820012415/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/7947501/Lost-BBC-period-drama-of-Anna-Karenina-found-starring-Sean-Connery.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-08-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Lost+BBC+period+drama+of+Anna+Karenina+found+starring+Sean+Connery&rft.date=2010-08-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fculture%2Ftvandradio%2F7947501%2FLost-BBC-period-drama-of-Anna-Karenina-found-starring-Sean-Connery.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnna+Karenina" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://us.imdb.com/title/tt0075476/">"Anna Karenina (TV Mini-Series 1977)"</a>. <i>IMDb</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDb&rft.atitle=Anna+Karenina+%28TV+Mini-Series+1977%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fus.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0075476%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnna+Karenina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/masterpiece/archive/40/40.html">"Masterpiece Theatre – The Archive – Anna Karenina (1978)"</a>. <i>pbs.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pbs.org&rft.atitle=Masterpiece+Theatre+%E2%80%93+The+Archive+%E2%80%93+Anna+Karenina+%281978%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Fmasterpiece%2Farchive%2F40%2F40.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnna+Karenina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AMZN_1979-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AMZN_1979_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Amazon.com: Anna Karenina (VHS): Maya Plisetskaya, Alexander Godunov, Yuri Vladimirov, Nina Sorokina, Aleksandr Sedov, M. Sedova, Vladimir Tikhonov, Margarita Pilikhina, Vladimir Papyan, Boris Lvov-Anokhin, Leo Tolstoy: Movies & TV</i>. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/6301229193">6301229193</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Amazon.com%3A+Anna+Karenina+%28VHS%29%3A+Maya+Plisetskaya%2C+Alexander+Godunov%2C+Yuri+Vladimirov%2C+Nina+Sorokina%2C+Aleksandr+Sedov%2C+M.+Sedova%2C+Vladimir+Tikhonov%2C+Margarita+Pilikhina%2C+Vladimir+Papyan%2C+Boris+Lvov-Anokhin%2C+Leo+Tolstoy%3A+Movies+%26+TV&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2F6301229193%23id-name%3DASIN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnna+Karenina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMDb_1976-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IMDb_1976_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0166082/combined">"Anna Karenina (1976)"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-12-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anna+Karenina+%281976%29&rft.pub=IMDb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0166082%2Fcombined&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnna+Karenina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0246353/"><i>Anna Karenina</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2821430/"><i>Anna Karenina</i> (TV Mini-Series 2013– )</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.filmneweurope.com/news/lithuania-news/item/104437-anna-karenina-shooting-in-lithuania">"Anna Karenina shooting in Lithuania"</a>. <i>FilmNewEurope</i>. 2012-11-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FilmNewEurope&rft.atitle=Anna+Karenina+shooting+in+Lithuania&rft.date=2012-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmneweurope.com%2Fnews%2Flithuania-news%2Fitem%2F104437-anna-karenina-shooting-in-lithuania&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnna+Karenina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.luxvide.it/en/anna-karenina-143.html">"Anna Karenina"</a>. <i>Lux Vide S.p.A</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lux+Vide+S.p.A.&rft.atitle=Anna+Karenina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.luxvide.it%2Fen%2Fanna-karenina-143.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnna+Karenina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/tv/programs/beautiful-lie/">The beautiful lie</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dramaonlinelibrary.com/playwrights/helen-edmundson-iid-135921">"Edmundson, Helen – Drama Online"</a>. <i>dramaonlinelibrary.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dramaonlinelibrary.com&rft.atitle=Edmundson%2C+Helen+%E2%80%93+Drama+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dramaonlinelibrary.com%2Fplaywrights%2Fhelen-edmundson-iid-135921&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnna+Karenina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nickhernbooks.co.uk/Contributor/2006/Helen-Edmundson.html">"Nick Hern Books – Helen Edmundson"</a>. <i>nickhernbooks.co.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nickhernbooks.co.uk&rft.atitle=Nick+Hern+Books+%E2%80%93+Helen+Edmundson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nickhernbooks.co.uk%2FContributor%2F2006%2FHelen-Edmundson.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnna+Karenina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson2009" class="citation news cs1">Anderson, Jack (2009-08-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/21/arts/dance/21prokovsky.html">"André Prokovsky, Dancer and Ballet Choreographer, Dies at 70"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-04-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Andr%C3%A9+Prokovsky%2C+Dancer+and+Ballet+Choreographer%2C+Dies+at+70&rft.date=2009-08-20&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F08%2F21%2Farts%2Fdance%2F21prokovsky.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnna+Karenina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joffrey.org/anna">"Anna Karenina"</a>. <i>Joffrey Ballet</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Joffrey+Ballet&rft.atitle=Anna+Karenina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.joffrey.org%2Fanna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnna+Karenina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorse1949" class="citation news cs1">Morse, Leon (October 22, 1949). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Lg4EAAAAMBAJ&q=%22MGM%20Theater%20of%20the%20Air%22&pg=PT8">"The MGM Theater of the Air"</a>. Billboard<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+MGM+Theater+of+the+Air&rft.date=1949-10-22&rft.aulast=Morse&rft.aufirst=Leon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLg4EAAAAMBAJ%26q%3D%2522MGM%2520Theater%2520of%2520the%2520Air%2522%26pg%3DPT8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnna+Karenina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biographical_and_literary_criticism">Biographical and literary criticism</h3></div> <ul><li>Bakhtin, Mikhail, <i>The Dialogic Imagination</i>, ed. Michael Holquist, trans. Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist (<a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_Press" title="University of Texas Press">University of Texas Press</a>, Austin, 1981)</li> <li>Bayley, John, <i>Tolstoy and the Novel</i> (Chatto and Windus, London, 1966)</li> <li>Berlin, Isaiah, <i>The Hedgehog and the Fox: An Essay on Tolstoy's View of History</i> (<a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>, New York, 1966; Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 1967)</li> <li>Carner, Grant Calvin Sr (1995) "Confluence, Bakhtin, and Alejo Carpentier's Contextos in Selena and Anna Karenina" Doctoral Dissertation (Comparative Literature) University of California at Riverside.</li> <li>Eikhenbaum, Boris, <i>Tolstoi in the Seventies</i>, trans. Albert Kaspin (Ardis, Ann Arbor, 1982)</li> <li>Evans, Mary, <i>Anna Karenina</i> (Routledge, London and New York, 1989)</li> <li>Gifford, Henry, <i>Tolstoy</i> (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1982)</li> <li>Gifford, Henry (ed) <i>Leo Tolstoy</i> (Penguin Critical Anthologies, Harmondsworth, 1971)</li> <li>Leavis, F.R., <i>Anna Karenina and Other Essays</i> (Chatto and Windus, London, 1967)</li> <li>Mandelker, Amy, <i>Framing 'Anna Karenina': Tolstoy, the Woman Question, and the Victorian Novel</i> (<a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_University_Press" title="Ohio State University Press">Ohio State University Press</a>, Columbus, 1993)</li> <li>Morson, Gary Saul, <i>Anna Karenina in our time: seeing more wisely </i> (Yale University Press 2007) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/annakareninainou0000mors">read parts</a> at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a></li> <li>Nabokov, Vladimir, <i>Lectures on Russian Literature</i> (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London and Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, New York, 1981)</li> <li>Orwin, Donna Tussing, <i>Tolstoy's Art and Thought, 1847–1880</i> (<a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>, Princeton, 1993)</li> <li>Speirs, Logan, <i>Tolstoy and Chekhov</i> (<a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, Cambridge, 1971)</li> <li>Strakhov, Nikolai, N., "Levin and Social Chaos", in Gibian, ed., (<a href="/wiki/W.W._Norton_%26_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="W.W. Norton & Company">W.W. Norton & Company</a>, New York, 2005).</li> <li>Steiner, George, <i>Tolstoy or Dostoevsky: An Essay in Contrast</i> (Faber and Faber, London, 1959)</li> <li>Tibbetts, John C., and James M. Welsh, eds. <i>The Encyclopedia of Novels Into Film</i> (2nd ed. 2005) pp 19–20.</li> <li>Thorlby, Anthony, <i>Anna Karenina</i> (<a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, Cambridge and New York, 1987)</li> <li>Tolstoy, Leo, <i>Correspondence</i>, 2. vols., selected, ed. and trans. by R.F. Christian (Athlone Press, London and Scribner, New York, 1978)</li> <li>Tolstoy, Leo, <i>Diaries</i>, ed. and trans. by R.F. Christian (Athlone Press, London and Scribner, New York, 1985)</li> <li>Tolstoy, Sophia A., <i>The Diaries of Sophia Tolstoy</i>, ed. O.A. Golinenko, trans. Cathy Porter (Random House, New York, 1985)</li> <li>Trainini, Marco, <i>Vendetta, tienimi compagnia. Due vendicatori in «Middlemarch» di George Eliot e «Anna Karenina» di Lev Tolstoj</i>, Milano, Arcipelago Edizioni, 2012, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/88-7695-475-9" title="Special:BookSources/88-7695-475-9">88-7695-475-9</a>.</li> <li>Turner, C.J.G., <i>A Karenina Companion</i> (Wilfrid Laurier University Press, Waterloo, 1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Wasiolek" title="Edward Wasiolek">Wasiolek, Edward</a>, <i>Critical Essays on Tolstoy</i> (G.K. Hall, Boston, 1986)</li> <li>Wasiolek, Edward, <i>Tolstoy's Major Fiction</i> (<a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press" title="University of Chicago Press">University of Chicago Press</a>, Chicago, 1978)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output 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text" href="https://librivox.org/search?title=Anna+Karenina&author=TOLSTOY&reader=&keywords=&genre_id=0&status=all&project_type=either&recorded_language=&sort_order=catalog_date&search_page=1&search_form=advanced"><i>Anna Karenina</i></a> public domain audiobook at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.iblist.com/book1952.htm"><i>Anna Karenina</i></a> at the Internet Book List</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leo_Tolstoy&#039;s_Anna_Karenina_(1877)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anna_Karenina" title="Template:Anna Karenina"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anna_Karenina" title="Template talk:Anna Karenina"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anna_Karenina" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anna Karenina"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leo_Tolstoy&#039;s_Anna_Karenina_(1877)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a>'s <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anna Karenina</a></i> (1877)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina_(1911_film)" title="Anna Karenina (1911 film)">1911</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina_(1914_film)" title="Anna Karenina (1914 film)">1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina_(1915_film)" title="Anna Karenina (1915 film)">1915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina_(1918_film)" title="Anna Karenina (1918 film)">1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina_(1920_film)" title="Anna Karenina (1920 film)">1920</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Love_(1927_American_film)" title="Love (1927 American film)">Love</a></i> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina_(1935_film)" title="Anna Karenina (1935 film)">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina_(1948_film)" title="Anna Karenina (1948 film)">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina_(1953_film)" title="Anna Karenina (1953 film)">1953</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Panakkaari" title="Panakkaari">Panakkaari </a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_River_of_Love_(1960_film)" title="The River of Love (1960 film)">The River of Love</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina_(1961_film)" title="Anna Karenina (1961 film)">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina_(1967_film)" title="Anna Karenina (1967 film)">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina_(1975_film)" title="Anna Karenina (1975 film)">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina_(1985_film)" title="Anna Karenina (1985 film)">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina_(1997_film)" title="Anna Karenina (1997 film)">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina_(2012_film)" title="Anna Karenina (2012 film)">2012</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina_(soundtrack)" title="Anna Karenina (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina:_Vronsky%27s_Story" title="Anna Karenina: Vronsky's Story">Vronsky's Story</a></i> (2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina_(1977_TV_serial)" title="Anna Karenina (1977 TV serial)">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina_(2000_TV_series)" title="Anna Karenina (2000 TV series)">2000</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Beautiful_Lie_(TV_series)" title="The Beautiful Lie (TV series)">The Beautiful Lie</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Volver_a_caer" title="Volver a caer">Volver a caer</a></i> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina_(Hamilton)" title="Anna Karenina (Hamilton)">1978 opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina_(musical)" title="Anna Karenina (musical)">1992 musical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina_(Eifman_ballet)" title="Anna Karenina (Eifman ballet)">2005 ballet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina_(Carlson)" title="Anna Karenina (Carlson)">2007 opera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Android_Karenina" title="Android Karenina">Android Karenina</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina_principle" title="Anna Karenina principle">Anna Karenina principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptations_of_Anna_Karenina" title="Adaptations of Anna Karenina">Adaptations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leo_Tolstoy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Leo_Tolstoy" title="Template:Leo Tolstoy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Leo_Tolstoy" title="Template talk:Leo Tolstoy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Leo_Tolstoy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Leo Tolstoy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leo_Tolstoy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy_bibliography" title="Leo Tolstoy bibliography">Bibliography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Childhood_(Tolstoy_novel)" title="Childhood (Tolstoy novel)">Childhood</a></i> (1852)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boyhood_(novel)" title="Boyhood (novel)">Boyhood</a></i> (1854)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Youth_(Leo_Tolstoy_novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Youth (Leo Tolstoy novel)">Youth</a></i> (1856)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cossacks_(novel)" title="The Cossacks (novel)">The Cossacks</a></i> (1863)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/War_and_Peace" title="War and Peace">War and Peace</a></i> (1869)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anna Karenina</a></i> (1878)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_(Tolstoy_novel)" title="Resurrection (Tolstoy novel)">Resurrection</a></i> (1899)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hadji_Murat_(novella)" title="Hadji Murat (novella)">Hadji Murat</a></i> (1912)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novellas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Landowner%27s_Morning" title="A Landowner's Morning">A Landowner's Morning</a></i> (1856)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Two_Hussars" title="Two Hussars">Two Hussars</a></i> (1856)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Family_Happiness" title="Family Happiness">Family Happiness</a></i> (1859)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Polik%C3%BAshka_(novella)" title="Polikúshka (novella)">Polikúshka</a></i> (1860)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_Ivan_Ilyich" title="The Death of Ivan Ilyich">The Death of Ivan Ilyich</a></i> (1886)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Walk_in_the_Light_While_There_is_Light" title="Walk in the Light While There is Light">Walk in the Light While There is Light</a></i> (1888)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Kreutzer_Sonata" title="The Kreutzer Sonata">The Kreutzer Sonata</a></i> (1889)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Devil_(novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Devil (novel)">The Devil</a></i> (1889)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Master_and_Man_(short_story)" title="Master and Man (short story)">Master and Man</a></i> (1895)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Father_Sergius" title="Father Sergius">Father Sergius</a></i> (1898)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Forged_Coupon" title="The Forged Coupon">The Forged Coupon</a></i> (1904)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short stories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Raid_(story)" title="The Raid (story)">The Raid</a>" (1852)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Cutting_of_the_Forest" title="The Cutting of the Forest">The Cutting of the Forest</a>" (1855)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sevastopol_Sketches" title="Sevastopol Sketches">Sevastopol Sketches</a>" (1855)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Recollections_of_a_Billiard-marker" title="Recollections of a Billiard-marker">Recollections of a Billiard-marker</a>" (1855)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Snowstorm" title="The Snowstorm">The Snowstorm</a>" (1856)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lucerne_(by_Tolstoy)" title="Lucerne (by Tolstoy)">Lucerne</a>" (1857)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Albert_(short_story)" title="Albert (short story)">Albert</a>" (1858)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Three_Deaths" title="Three Deaths">Three Deaths</a>" (1859)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Porcelain_Doll_(by_Tolstoy)" title="The Porcelain Doll (by Tolstoy)">The Porcelain Doll</a>" (1863)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/God_Sees_the_Truth,_But_Waits" title="God Sees the Truth, But Waits">God Sees the Truth, But Waits</a>" (1872)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Prisoner_of_the_Caucasus_(story)" title="The Prisoner of the Caucasus (story)">The Prisoner of the Caucasus</a>" (1872)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Bear_Hunt" title="The Bear Hunt">The Bear Hunt</a>" (1872)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_Men_Live_By" title="What Men Live By">What Men Live By</a>" (1881)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Diary_of_a_Lunatic" title="Diary of a Lunatic">Diary of a Lunatic</a>" (1884)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Quench_the_Spark" title="Quench the Spark">Quench the Spark</a>" (1885)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/An_Old_Acquaintance_(by_Tolstoy)" title="An Old Acquaintance (by Tolstoy)">An Old Acquaintance</a>" (1885)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Where_Love_Is,_God_Is" title="Where Love Is, God Is">Where Love Is, God Is</a>" (1885)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ivan_the_Fool_(story)" title="Ivan the Fool (story)">Ivan the Fool</a>" (1885)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Evil_Allures,_But_Good_Endures" title="Evil Allures, But Good Endures">Evil Allures, But Good Endures</a>" (1885)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Wisdom_of_Children" title="Wisdom of Children">Wisdom of Children</a>" (1885)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Three_Hermits" title="The Three Hermits">The Three Hermits</a>" (1886)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Promoting_a_Devil" title="Promoting a Devil">Promoting a Devil</a>" (1886)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/How_Much_Land_Does_a_Man_Need%3F" title="How Much Land Does a Man Need?">How Much Land Does a Man Need?</a>" (1886)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Grain" title="The Grain">The Grain</a>" (1886)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Repentance_(story)" title="Repentance (story)">Repentance</a>" (1886)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Croesus_and_Fate" title="Croesus and Fate">Croesus and Fate</a>" (1886)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Kholstomer" title="Kholstomer">Kholstomer</a>" (1886)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Two_Brothers_and_the_Gold" title="The Two Brothers and the Gold">The Two Brothers and the Gold</a>" (1886)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Lost_Opportunity" title="A Lost Opportunity">A Lost Opportunity</a>" (1889)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Dialogue_Among_Clever_People" title="A Dialogue Among Clever People">A Dialogue Among Clever People</a>" (1892)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Coffee-House_of_Surat" title="The Coffee-House of Surat">The Coffee-House of Surat</a>" (1893)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Young_Tsar" title="The Young Tsar">The Young Tsar</a>" (1894)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Too_Dear!" title="Too Dear!">Too Dear!</a>" (1897)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Work,_Death,_and_Sickness" title="Work, Death, and Sickness">Work, Death, and Sickness</a>" (1903)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Three_Questions" title="The Three Questions">Three Questions</a>" (1903)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Alyosha_the_Pot" title="Alyosha the Pot">Alyosha the Pot</a>" (1905)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/After_the_Ball_(short_story)" title="After the Ball (short story)">After the Ball</a>" (1911)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Power_of_Darkness" title="The Power of Darkness">The Power of Darkness</a></i> (1886)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_First_Distiller" title="The First Distiller">The First Distiller</a></i> (1886)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Light_Shines_in_the_Darkness" title="The Light Shines in the Darkness">The Light Shines in the Darkness</a></i> (1890)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fruits_of_Enlightenment" title="The Fruits of Enlightenment">The Fruits of Enlightenment</a></i> (1891)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Living_Corpse" title="The Living Corpse">The Living Corpse</a></i> (1900)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cause_of_It_All" title="The Cause of It All">The Cause of It All</a></i> (1910)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-fiction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_History_of_Yesterday" title="A History of Yesterday">A History of Yesterday</a></i> (1851)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Confession_(Leo_Tolstoy)" title="Confession (Leo Tolstoy)">Confession</a></i> (1882)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gospel_in_Brief" title="The Gospel in Brief">The Gospel in Brief</a></i> (1883)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/What_I_Believe_(Tolstoy_book)" title="What I Believe (Tolstoy book)">What I Believe</a></i> (1884)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/What_Is_to_Be_Done%3F_(Tolstoy)" class="mw-redirect" title="What Is to Be Done? (Tolstoy)">What Is to Be Done?</a></i> (1886)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Kingdom_of_God_Is_Within_You" title="The Kingdom of God Is Within You">The Kingdom of God Is Within You</a></i> (1894)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/What_Is_Art%3F" title="What Is Art?">What Is Art?</a></i> (1897)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Letter_to_a_Hindu" title="A Letter to a Hindu">A Letter to a Hindu</a>" (1908)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Inevitable_Revolution" title="The Inevitable Revolution">The Inevitable Revolution</a></i> (1909)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Calendar_of_Wisdom" title="A Calendar of Wisdom">A Calendar of Wisdom</a></i> (1910)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unfinished</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Decembrists" title="The Decembrists">The Decembrists</a></i> (1884)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Posthumous_Notes_of_the_Hermit_F%C3%ABdor_Kuzmich" title="Posthumous Notes of the Hermit Fëdor Kuzmich">Posthumous Notes of the Hermit Fëdor Kuzmich</a>" (1905)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Tolstoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Sophia Tolstoy">Sophia</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Tolstaya" title="Alexandra Tolstaya">Alexandra</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilya_Tolstoy" title="Ilya Tolstoy">Ilya</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lev_Lvovich_Tolstoy" title="Lev Lvovich Tolstoy">Lev Lvovich</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatyana_Sukhotina-Tolstaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Tatyana Sukhotina-Tolstaya">Tatyana</a> (daughter)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yasnaya_Polyana" title="Yasnaya Polyana">Yasnaya Polyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolstoyan_movement" title="Tolstoyan movement">Tolstoyan movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_anarchism" title="Christian anarchism">Christian anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Departure_of_a_Grand_Old_Man" title="Departure of a Grand Old Man"><i>Departure of a Grand Old Man</i></a> (1912 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lev_Tolstoy_and_the_Russia_of_Nicholas_II" title="Lev Tolstoy and the Russia of Nicholas II">Lev Tolstoy and the Russia of Nicholas II</a></i> (1928 documentary)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lev_Tolstoy_(film)" title="Lev Tolstoy (film)">Lev Tolstoy</a></i> (1984 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Station_(novel)" title="The Last Station (novel)"><i>The Last Station</i></a> (1990 novel, <a href="/wiki/The_Last_Station" title="The Last Station">2009 film)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Story_of_One_Appointment" title="Story of One Appointment">Story of One Appointment</a></i> (2018 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Couple" title="A Couple">A Couple</a></i> (2022 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Honors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolstoy_Farm" title="Tolstoy Farm">Tolstoy Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolstoj_quadrangle" title="Tolstoj quadrangle">Tolstoj quadrangle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolstoj_(crater)" title="Tolstoj (crater)">crater</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Triumph_of_the_Farmer_or_Industry_and_Parasitism" title="The Triumph of the Farmer or Industry and Parasitism">The Triumph of the Farmer or Industry and Parasitism</a></i> (1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Chertkov" title="Vladimir Chertkov">Vladimir Chertkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aylmer_and_Louise_Maude" title="Aylmer and Louise Maude">Aylmer and Louise Maude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Translators_of_Leo_Tolstoy" title="Category:Translators of Leo Tolstoy">Translators of Tolstoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Leo_Tolstoy_scholars" title="Category:Leo Tolstoy scholars">Tolstoy scholars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Leo_Tolstoy" title="Category:Leo Tolstoy">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Great_Eastern_Crisis" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Great_Eastern_Crisis" title="Template:Great Eastern Crisis"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Great_Eastern_Crisis" title="Template talk:Great Eastern Crisis"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Great_Eastern_Crisis" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Great Eastern Crisis"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Great_Eastern_Crisis" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Great_Eastern_Crisis" title="Great Eastern Crisis">Great Eastern Crisis</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wars and conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Montenegrin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herzegovina_uprising_(1875%E2%80%931877)" title="Herzegovina uprising (1875–1877)">Herzegovina uprising (1875–1877)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1876%E2%80%931878)" title="Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1876–1878)">Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1876–1878)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Serb</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herzegovina_uprising_(1875%E2%80%931877)" title="Herzegovina uprising (1875–1877)">Herzegovina uprising (1875–1877)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian%E2%80%93Turkish_Wars_(1876%E2%80%931878)" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian–Turkish Wars (1876–1878)">Serbian–Turkish Wars (1876–1878)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumanovo_uprising" title="Kumanovo uprising">Kumanovo uprising</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bulgarian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stara_Zagora_Uprising" title="Stara Zagora Uprising">Stara Zagora Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_Uprising_of_1876" title="April Uprising of 1876">April Uprising of 1876</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razlovtsi_insurrection" class="mw-redirect" title="Razlovtsi insurrection">Razlovtsi insurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kresna%E2%80%93Razlog_uprising" title="Kresna–Razlog uprising">Kresna–Razlog uprising</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greek</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1878_Macedonian_rebellion" title="1878 Macedonian rebellion">1878 Macedonian rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirus_Revolt_of_1878" title="Epirus Revolt of 1878">Epirus Revolt of 1878</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_revolt_(1878)" title="Cretan revolt (1878)">Cretan revolt (1878)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1877%E2%80%931878)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)">Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_War_of_Independence" title="Romanian War of Independence">Romanian War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_campaign_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_in_1878" title="Austro-Hungarian campaign in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1878">Austro-Hungarian campaign in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1878</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_the_Albanians,_1877%E2%80%931878" class="mw-redirect" title="Expulsion of the Albanians, 1877–1878">Expulsion of the Albanians, 1877–1878</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281860%E2%80%931905%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281860%E2%80%931905%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281860%E2%80%931905%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281860%E2%80%931905%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281860%E2%80%931905%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281860%E2%80%931905%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="360" /></span></span></span><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Serbia_%281835%E2%80%931882%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia_%281835%E2%80%931882%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Serbia_%281835%E2%80%931882%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia_%281835%E2%80%931882%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Serbia_%281835%E2%80%931882%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia_%281835%E2%80%931882%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="844" data-file-height="563" /></span></span></span><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International<br /> agreements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Memorandum" title="Berlin Memorandum">Berlin Memorandum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichstadt_Agreement" title="Reichstadt Agreement">Reichstadt Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantinople_Conference" title="Constantinople Conference">Constantinople Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Convention_of_1877" title="Budapest Convention of 1877">Budapest Convention of 1877</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano" title="Treaty of San Stefano">Treaty of San Stefano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Convention" title="Cyprus Convention">Cyprus Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Berlin" title="Congress of Berlin">Congress of Berlin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin_(1878)" title="Treaty of Berlin (1878)">Treaty of Berlin (1878)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Exarchate" title="Bulgarian Exarchate">Bulgarian Exarchate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deligrad_Event" title="Deligrad Event">Deligrad Event</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%A1_Committee" title="Niš Committee">Niš Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_Ottoman_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1876 Ottoman coup d'état">1876 Ottoman coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Constitutional_Era" title="First Constitutional Era">First Constitutional Era (Ottoman Empire)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Volunteer_Corps" title="Bulgarian Volunteer Corps">Opalchentsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Question" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Question">Eastern Question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Russian_Administration_in_Bulgaria" title="Provisional Russian Administration in Bulgaria">Provisional Russian Administration in Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Cyprus" title="British Cyprus">British Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Prizren" title="League of Prizren">League of Prizren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_for_Plav_and_Gusinje" title="Battles for Plav and Gusinje">Battles for Plav and Gusinje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pact_of_Halepa" title="Pact of Halepa">Pact of Halepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_Alliance_(1879)" title="Dual Alliance (1879)">Dual Alliance (1879)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brsjak_revolt" title="Brsjak revolt">Brsjak revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austro%E2%80%93Serbian_Alliance_of_1881" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro–Serbian Alliance of 1881">Austro–Serbian Alliance of 1881</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_conquest_of_Tunisia" title="French conquest of Tunisia">French conquest of Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Constantinople_(1881)" title="Convention of Constantinople (1881)">Convention of Constantinople (1881)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Egypt_under_the_British" title="History of Egypt under the British">British Occupation of Egypt</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marche_slave" title="Marche slave">Marche slave</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anna Karenina</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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Anna Karenina. English"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no98020472">United States</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Tolstoy, Leo, graf, 1828-1910. Anna Karenina"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2009049512">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11970672t">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11970672t">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35815531">Australia</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35552242">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000412332&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810636062505606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987008655952505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/059314249">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Анна Каренина"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/work/10fb9b32-8662-468c-95ad-4c0bc0e824a8">MusicBrainz work</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Anna Karenina"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/work/c2a47dcc-0ddc-493d-9f55-bc91deb613fb">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 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