CINXE.COM
Les Cahiers d鈥橝frique de l鈥橢st - OpenEdition Journals
<!DOCTYPE html><!--[if lt IE 7]> <html class="lt-ie9 lt-ie8 lt-ie7" xml:lang="fr" lang="fr"> <![endif]--><!--[if IE 7]> <html class="lt-ie9 lt-ie8" xml:lang="fr" lang="fr"> <![endif]--><!--[if IE 8]> <html class="lt-ie9" xml:lang="fr" lang="fr"> <![endif]--><!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html xml:lang="fr" lang="fr"> <!--<![endif]--> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>Les Cahiers d鈥橝frique de l鈥橢st - OpenEdition Journals</title> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://static.openedition.org/journals/images/favicon.png" /> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" /> <meta name="generator" content="Lodel 1.0" /> <meta name="description" xml:lang="fr" lang="fr" content=" Créés en 1996, Les Cahiers d’Afrique de l’Est abordent une variété de questions relatives aux sociétés contemporaines de l’Afrique de l’Est (Kenya, Tanzanie, Ouganda, Rwanda, Burundi, l’est du Congo RDC). Les recherches sont ainsi menées principalement dans les domaines de la sociologie, la géographie, l’histoire, l’anthropologie, l’urbanisme et les sciences politiques. Les langues de publication sont le français et l’anglais. Cette revue annuelle, éditée par l’Institut français de recherche en Afrique (IFRA) de Nairobi au Kenya, inaugure son site sur OpenEdition avec ses quinze derniers numéros en accès ouvert et en texte intégral. " /> <meta name="description" xml:lang="en" lang="en" content=" Created in 1996, The East African Review covers a variety of issues relating to the contemporary societies of East Africa (Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, and the east of the Democratic Republic of Congo). Research is conducted principally in the fields of sociology, geography, history, anthropology, urban planning and political science. The languages of publication are French and English. Published annually by the Institut français de recherche en Afrique (IFRA) in Nairobi, Kenya, the journal is inaugurating its site on OpenEdition with its fifteen latest issues available in full open access. " /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://static.openedition.org/css/normalize.css?upd=20150209" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://static.openedition.org/openbarre_/styles/main.css?date=2018-11-06" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.openedition.org/openedition/css/layout.css?upd=20150209" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.openedition.org/openedition/css/main.css?upd=20150209" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.openedition.org/openedition/css/revues.css?upd=20150209" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.openedition.org/openedition/css/paginate.css?upd=20150209" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.openedition.org/openedition/css/media_main.css?upd=20150209" /> <!--[if lte IE 9]> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.openedition.org/openedition/css/ie.css?upd=20150209" /> <![endif]--><!--[if lt IE 9]> <script src="https://static.openedition.org/openedition/js/html5shiv.min.js"></script> <script src="https://static.openedition.org/openedition/js/vendor/html5-3.6-respond-1.1.0.min.js"></script><![endif]--> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://static.openedition.org/openedition/css/print.css?upd=20150209" media="print" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://static.openedition.org/js/jquery-1.4.4.min.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://www.openedition.org/opensearch_desc.xml" title="Search on OpenEdition" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="OpenEdtion Journals News" href="https://journals.openedition.org/feed.php" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/opml+xml" title="Outline" href="https://www.openedition.org/?page=opml" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml;profile=opds-catalog" title="OpenEdition OPDS Catalogue" href="http://opds.openedition.org" /> </head> <body id="actualite" class="fr revues"> <div class="page"> <div id="ob-breadcrumb" class="ob-breadcrumb-wwwrevuesorg"> <div class="container"><a class="home" href="https://journals.openedition.org/">Accueil</a><a href="https://journals.openedition.org/?page=archives-focus">脌 la Une</a><strong class="current">Les Cahiers d鈥橝frique de l鈥橢st</strong></div> </div><!-- #breadcrumb --> <main role="main"> <div class="page-top-title"> <h1> 脌 la Une </h1> <a href="https://journals.openedition.org/?page=backend&format=rsstextes&type=actualite&rub=5621" class="infos rss"> S'abonner au flux RSS <span class="icons icon-rss"></span> </a> <span class="icons icon-arrow-white-down"></span> </div> <div class="table article"> <div class="site-infos"> <div> <img src="docannexe/image/11302/vignette_eastafrica-160x75.png" alt="Les Cahiers d鈥橝frique de l鈥橢st" /> <ul> <li><a href="https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica">Acc茅der au site</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openedition.org/12370">Voir la notice</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <article> <header> <time datetime="2019-05-09">09 mai 2019</time> <h1>Les Cahiers d鈥橝frique de l鈥橢st</h1> </header> <div class="content"> <p> Créés en 1996, <em>Les Cahiers d’Afrique de l’Est</em> abordent une variété de questions relatives aux sociétés contemporaines de l’Afrique de l’Est (Kenya, Tanzanie, Ouganda, Rwanda, Burundi, l’est du Congo RDC). Les recherches sont ainsi menées principalement dans les domaines de la sociologie, la géographie, l’histoire, l’anthropologie, l’urbanisme et les sciences politiques. Les langues de publication sont le français et l’anglais. Cette revue annuelle, éditée par l’<a href="http://ifra-nairobi.net">Institut français de recherche en Afrique</a> (IFRA) de Nairobi au Kenya, inaugure son site sur OpenEdition avec ses quinze derniers numéros en accès ouvert et en texte intégral.</p> </div> </article> <aside class="media-hide-first"> <ul> <li> <time datetime="2019-06-19">19 juin 2019</time> <a href="11399"> <h1>Mappemonde. Revue trimestrielle sur l鈥檌mage g茅ographique et les formes du territoire</h1> <p>...</p> </a> </li> <li> <time datetime="2019-06-19">19 juin 2019</time> <a href="11453"> <h1>Horizons/Th茅芒tre</h1> <p>...</p> </a> </li> <li> <time datetime="2019-06-19">19 juin 2019</time> <a href="11535"> <h1>Gaia. Revue interdisciplinaire sur la Gr猫ce archa茂que</h1> <p>...</p> </a> </li> <li> <time datetime="2019-04-30">30 avril 2019</time> <a href="11225"> <h1>Cahiers de philosophie de l鈥檜niversit茅 de Caen</h1> <p>...</p> </a> </li> <li> <time datetime="2019-04-24">24 avril 2019</time> <a href="11479"> <h1>ELFe <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">xx-xxi</span>. 脡tudes de la litt茅rature fran莽aise des <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">xx</span><sup>e</sup> et <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">xxi</span><sup>e</sup> si猫cles</h1> <p>...</p> </a> </li> <li> <time datetime="2019-04-15">15 avril 2019</time> <a href="11466"> <h1>Laboreal</h1> <p>...</p> </a> </li> <li> <time datetime="2019-04-10">10 avril 2019</time> <a href="11161"> <h1>Scolia. Revue de linguistique</h1> <p>...</p> </a> </li> <li> <time datetime="2019-03-27">27 mars 2019</time> <a href="11350"> <h1>Patrimoines du Sud</h1> <p>...</p> </a> </li> </ul> </aside> </div> </main><!-- main --> <footer class="shared"> <div class="separator_2"></div> <div class="oe-FooterBlock-links"> <ul class="oe-FooterBlock-links-list"> <li class="oe-FooterBlock-links-list-item"><img src="https://static.openedition.org/openedition/images/revues/logo_oej.png" alt="OpenEdition Journals" width="169"><ul> <li> <li><a href="6438">脌 propos d'OpenEdition Journals</a></li> <li><a href="13130">Mentions l茅gales</a></li> <li><a href="10580">Revues.org devient OpenEdition Journals</a></li> </li> <li> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.openedition.org/catalogue-journals">Catalogue des revues</a></li> <li><a href="https://journals.openedition.org/?page=archives-focus">Revues 脿 la Une</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="oe-FooterBlock-links-list-item"> <ul> <li class="infos"><span>Services</span><ul> <li><a href="10178">Lecteurs</a></li> <li><a href="6440">脡quipes 茅ditoriales</a></li> <li><a href="10179">Institutions</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="oe-FooterBlock-links-list-item"><img src="https://static.openedition.org/openedition/images/openedition/logo_openedition.png" alt="openedition.org" width="169"><p class="oe-FooterBlock-links-baseline">OpenEdition est un portail de ressources 茅lectroniques en sciences humaines et sociales.</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://journals.openedition.org">OpenEdition Journals</a></li> <li><a href="http://books.openedition.org">OpenEdition Books</a></li> <li><a href="https://hypotheses.org">Hypoth猫ses</a></li> <li><a href="http://calenda.org">Calenda</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openedition.org/8873">OpenEdition Freemium</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="oe-FooterBlock-links-list-item"> <ul> <li class="follow-us"><span>Suivez-nous</span><ul> <li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/openedition" class="icons icon-facebook"><span>Facebook</span></a></li> <li><a href="http://twitter.com/OpenEditionActu" class="icons icon-twitter"><span>Twitter</span></a></li> <li><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/revuesorg" class="icons icon-flickr"><span>FlickR</span></a></li> <li><a href="http://issuu.com/openedition" class="icons icon-issuu"><span>Issuu</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openedition.org/backend" class="icons icon-rss"><span>RSS</span></a></li> <li><a href="mailto:contact@openedition.org" class="icons icon-email"><span>Email</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.openedition.org/41045"><strong>Abonnez-vous</strong><br />Lettre d鈥橭penEdition</a></li> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.openedition.org/19362">Politique de confidentialit茅</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openedition.org/37235">Gestion des cookies</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openedition.org/41101">Signaler un probl猫me</a></li> <li><a href="10220">Cr茅dits</a></li> <li><a href="12358">Accessibilit茅 : non conforme</a></li> </ul> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </footer><!-- #footer --></div><!-- #page --> <script src="https://static.openedition.org/openedition/js/main.js"></script> <script src="https://static.openedition.org/openedition/js/plugins.js"></script> <hr /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://static.openedition.org/tarteaucitron/tarteaucitron.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> tarteaucitron.init({ "privacyUrl": "https://www.openedition.org/19362", /* Privacy policy url */ "hashtag": "#tarteaucitron", /* Open the panel with this hashtag */ "cookieName": "tarteaucitron", /* Cookie name */ "orientation": "popup", /* Banner position (top - bottom) */ "groupServices": false, /* Group services by category */ "showAlertSmall": false, /* Show the small banner on bottom right */ "cookieslist": false, /* Show the cookie list */ "closePopup": false, /* Show a close X on the banner */ "showIcon": true, /* Show cookie icon to manage cookies */ "iconSrc": "data:image/png;base64, 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", /* Optionnal: URL or base64 encoded image */ "iconPosition": "BottomLeft", /* BottomRight, BottomLeft, TopRight and TopLeft */ "adblocker": false, /* Show a Warning if an adblocker is detected */ "DenyAllCta" : true, /* Show the deny all button */ "AcceptAllCta" : true, /* Show the accept all button when highPrivacy on */ "highPrivacy": true, /* HIGHLY RECOMMANDED Disable auto consent */ "handleBrowserDNTRequest": false, /* If Do Not Track == 1, disallow all */ "removeCredit": false, /* Remove credit link */ "moreInfoLink": true, /* Show more info link */ "useExternalCss": false, /* If false, the tarteaucitron.css file will be loaded */ "useExternalJs": false, /* If false, the tarteaucitron.js file will be loaded */ //"cookieDomain": ".my-multisite-domaine.fr", /* Shared cookie for multisite */ "readmoreLink": "https://www.openedition.org/37235", /* Change the default readmore link */ "mandatory": true, /* Show a message about mandatory cookies */ }); var tarteaucitronForceLanguage = 'fr'; </script> <script type="text/javascript">tarteaucitron.services.archivecremcnrs = { "key": "archivecremcnrs", "type": "video", "name": "Centre de Recherche en Ethnomusicologie", "uri": "https://archives.crem-cnrs.fr", "needConsent": true, "cookies": ['__utma','__utmb','__utmc','__utmt','__utmz'], "js": function () { "use strict"; tarteaucitron.fallback(['archivecremcnrs_player'], function (x) { var video_src = tarteaucitron.getElemAttr(x, "data-src"), video_width = tarteaucitron.getElemAttr(x, "data-width"), frame_width = 'width=', video_height = tarteaucitron.getElemAttr(x, "data-height"), frame_height = 'height=', video_frame; if (video_src === undefined) { return ""; } if (video_width !== undefined) { frame_width += '"' + video_width + '" '; } else { frame_width += '"" '; } if (video_height !== undefined) { frame_height += '"' + video_height + '" '; } else { frame_height += '"" '; } video_frame = '<'+'iframe '+ frame_width + frame_height + ' frameborder="0" scrolling="no" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" src="' + video_src + '"></iframe>'; return video_frame; }); }, "fallback": function () { "use strict"; var id = 'archivecremcnrs'; tarteaucitron.fallback(['archivecremcnrs_player'], function (elem) { elem.style.width = elem.getAttribute('data-width') + 'px'; elem.style.height = elem.getAttribute('data-height') + 'px'; return tarteaucitron.engage(id); }); } }; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> (tarteaucitron.job = tarteaucitron.job || []).push('youtube'); (tarteaucitron.job = tarteaucitron.job || []).push('archive'); (tarteaucitron.job = tarteaucitron.job || []).push('vimeo'); (tarteaucitron.job = tarteaucitron.job || []).push('dailymotion'); (tarteaucitron.job = tarteaucitron.job || []).push('canalu'); (tarteaucitron.job = tarteaucitron.job || []).push('soundcloud'); (tarteaucitron.job = tarteaucitron.job || []).push('archivecremcnrs'); (tarteaucitron.job = tarteaucitron.job || []).push('gallica'); (tarteaucitron.job = tarteaucitron.job || []).push('maps_noapi'); (tarteaucitron.job = tarteaucitron.job || []).push('openstreetmap'); </script> <!-- Piwik --> <script type="text/javascript"> var _paq = _paq || []; // tracker methods like "setCustomDimension" should be called before "trackPageView" _paq.push(['setCustomVariable', 1, 'Domain', document.domain, 'visit']); _paq.push(['setCustomVariable', 2, 'Site', 'wwwrevuesorg', 'visit']); _paq.push(['enableCrossDomainLinking']); _paq.push(["setDocumentTitle", "wwwrevuesorg" + " | " + document.title]); _paq.push(['setDownloadExtensions', "pdf|epub"]); _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); (function() { var u="https://pk.labocleo.org/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'matomo.php']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', '3']); var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.type='text/javascript'; g.async=true; g.defer=true; g.src=u+'matomo.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })(); </script> <!-- End Piwik Code --> <script type="text/javascript">(function( $ ) { 'use strict'; $(function() { $('body').prepend($('#ob-breadcrumb')); $('body').prepend($('#ob-search')); $('body').prepend($('#ob-header')); }); })(jQuery);</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://static.openedition.org/openbarre_/scripts/main.js?date=2020-09-01"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://static.openedition.org/js/jquery.jsonp-latest.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"><!-- jQuery(document).ready(function($) { if ($('#lodel-container').length == 1) { $('#ob-header, #ob-search, #ob-breadcrumb').remove(); } $('.ob-authdata').hide(); authurl= $.jsonp({ url: ('https://auth.openedition.org/authenticate'), callbackParameter: 'callback', success: function(data) { $('.ob-authdata').show(); $('.ob-authdata').html('<div><img src="'+data.favicon+'"> <a href="'+data.url+'">'+data.name+'</a></div>'); }, error: function(data){ } }); $('#plateformes li').live('touchend', function(e) {}); }); function updateUrlParameter(uri, key, value) { // remove the hash part before operating on the uri var i = uri.indexOf('#'); var hash = i === -1 ? '' : uri.substr(i); uri = i === -1 ? uri : uri.substr(0, i); var re = new RegExp("([?&])" + key + "=.*?(&|$)", "i"); var separator = uri.indexOf('?') !== -1 ? "&" : "?"; if (!value) { // remove key-value pair if value is empty uri = uri.replace(new RegExp("([&]?)" + key + "=.*?(&|$)", "i"), ''); if (uri.slice(-1) === '?') { uri = uri.slice(0, -1); } } else if (uri.match(re)) { uri = uri.replace(re, '$1' + key + "=" + value + '$2'); } else { uri = uri + separator + key + "=" + value; } return uri + hash; } function updateCurrentUrl(key,value) { window.location.assign(updateUrlParameter(window.location.href, key, value)); } --></script> <div id="ob-bar-opacity"></div> <div id="ob-search-modal-content" class="ob-modal"> <div class="ob-modal-content"> <div class="ob-modal-content-header"> <i class="ob-icons ob-icons-search-openedition" aria-hidden="true"></i> <button type="button" title="Fermer" id="ob-search-modal-close"><i class="ob-icons ob-icons-modal-close" aria-hidden="true"></i></button> </div> <form action="https://search.openedition.org/results" method="get"> <fieldset> <legend>Rechercher dans OpenEdition Search</legend> <p>Vous allez être redirigé vers OpenEdition Search</p> <input class="ob-search-field" name="q" type="search" title="Expression ou mot-clé" placeholder="Expression ou mot-clé"> <div class="ob-form-group"> <input type="radio" id="choice-1" name="pf" value="" /> <label for="choice-1">Dans tout OpenEdition</label> </div> <div class="ob-form-group"> <input type="radio" id="choice-2" name="pf" value="OJ" checked="checked" /> <label for="choice-2">Dans OpenEdition Journals</label> </div> <button type="submit">Rechercher</button> </fieldset> </form> </div> </div> <div id="ob-header" class="ob-header-wwwrevuesorg" role="banner"> <div class="ob-header-view"> <div class="ob-header-container"> <div class="ob-header-top"> <div class="ob-header-top-right"> <div class="ob-authdata ob-header-top-right-foundation"></div> <div class="ob-header-top-right-langues" role="navigation" aria-label="languageNavigation"> <div id="languagesNavigation"> <ul class="nav"> <li class="link"> <a id="ob-switchLanguage" class="main" href="#" aria-controls="ob-language" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" tabindex="0"> <i class="ob-icons ob-icons-langues"></i> <span>Fran莽ais</span> </a> <ul id="ob-language" class="sub" aria-hidden="true" role="menu"> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><a href="/11302?lang=en">English</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="ob-header-top-right-share"> <div id="socialNetworksNavigation"> <ul class="nav" aria-hidden="true"> <li class="link"> <a id="ob-socialShare" class="main" href="#" aria-controls="ob-share" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" tabindex="0"> <span>Partager</span> <i class="ob-icons ob-icons-partager"></i> </a> <ul id="ob-share" class="sub" aria-hidden="true" role="menu"> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.openedition.org%2F%2F11302&title=Les+Cahiers+d%E2%80%99Afrique+de+l%E2%80%99Est"><i class="ob-icons ob-icons-fb-partage" title="Facebook"></i>Facebook</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"> <a href="http://twitter.com/share?text=Les+Cahiers+d%E2%80%99Afrique+de+l%E2%80%99Est&url=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.openedition.org%2F%2F11302&via=OpenEditionActu"><i class="ob-icons ob-icons-tweet-partage" title="Twitter"></i>Twitter</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"> <a href="https://plus.google.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.openedition.org%2F%2F11302&title=Les+Cahiers+d%E2%80%99Afrique+de+l%E2%80%99Est"><i class="ob-icons ob-icons-google-partage" title="Google+"></i>Google+</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ob-header-bottom"> <div class="ob-header-bottom-bar"> <div class="ob-header-bottom-row"> <div class="ob-header-bottom-logo"> <a href="/" title="Home" tabindex="1"><svg class="ob-icons ob-icons-logo wwwrevuesorg">"> <use xlink:href="#icon-logo_wwwrevuesorg"></use> </svg></a> </div> <div class="ob-header-bottom-nav-container"> <div class="ob-header-bottom-nav-mobile"> <button type="button" id="ob-sidenav-button"> <i class="ob-icons ob-icons-hamb"></i> </button> </div> <div class="ob-header-bottom-nav nosearch"> <nav id="ob-mobile-sidenav" class="ob-header-main-nav"> <ul aria-hidden="true" role="menu" class="ob-mobile-sidenav"> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"> <a href="https://journals.openedition.org">Accueil</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-2"> <a href="https://www.openedition.org/catalogue-journals">Catalogue des 650 revues</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <a href="javascript:;" class="ob-search2-modal-open"> <span class="openedition-word-1">OpenEdition</span> <span class="openedition-word-2">Search</span> <i class="ob-icons ob-icons-search"></i> </a> </div> <div class="ob-header-bottom-tout-OE"> <div class="ob-header-bottom-tout-OE-content"> <button id="ob-grid-nav-content-open"> <span class="ob-all-openedition">Tout OpenEdition</span> <i class="ob-icons ob-icons-tout-OE"></i> </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <nav id="ob-grid-nav-content" class="ob-header-bottom-tout-OE-content-dropdown"> <div class="ob-header-bottom-tout-OE-content-dropdown-nav"> <div class="ob-authdata ob-header-bottom-tout-OE-content-dropdown-nav-titles ob-header-bottom-tout-OE-foundation"></div> <div class="ob-header-bottom-tout-OE-content-dropdown-nav-titles ob-header-bottom-tout-OE-locales"> <button class="ob-header-bottom-tout-OE-locales-button"> <i class="ob-icons ob-icons-langues"></i> Fran莽ais </button> <ul> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><a href="/11302?lang=en">English</a></li> </ul> </div> <span class="ob-gray-separator">Portail de ressources électroniques en sciences humaines et sociales</span> <div class="ob-header-bottom-tout-OE-content-dropdown-nav-titles"> <a href="https://www.openedition.org" class="openedition-text">OpenEdition</a> </div> <span class="ob-gray-separator">Nos plateformes</span> <div class="ob-header-bottom-tout-OE-content-dropdown-nav-titles"> <a href="https://books.openedition.org" class="books-text">OpenEdition Books</a> <a href="https://journals.openedition.org" class="journals-text">OpenEdition Journals</a> <a href="https://hypotheses.org" class="hypotheses-text">Hypotheses</a> <a href="https://calenda.org" class="calenda-text">Calenda</a> </div><span class="ob-gray-separator">Bibliothèques et institutions</span><div class="ob-header-bottom-tout-OE-content-dropdown-nav-links"> <a href="https://www.openedition.org/14043">OpenEdition Freemium</a> </div> <span class="ob-gray-separator">Nos services</span> <div class="ob-header-bottom-tout-OE-content-dropdown-nav-links"> <a href="https://search.openedition.org">OpenEdition Search</a> <a href="https://newsletter.openedition.org">La lettre d'OpenEdition</a> </div> <span class="ob-gray-separator">Suivez-nous</span> <div class="ob-header-bottom-tout-OE-content-dropdown-nav-social"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/openedition" class="facebook" title="Facebook"> <i class="ob-icons ob-icons-facebook" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> <a href="https://twitter.com/OpenEditionActu" class="twitter" title="Twitter"> <i class="ob-icons ob-icons-twitter" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a><a href="https://www.openedition.org/backend" class="rss" title="Rss"> <i class="ob-icons ob-icons-rss" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div id="ob-search" class="ob-search-wwwrevuesorg"> <div class="ob-search-container"> <i class="ob-icons ob-icons-recherche"></i> <form action="https://www.openedition.org/catalogue-journals" method="get"> <div class="ob-dropdown-search-count"> Rechercher dans les <strong> 650 </strong> revues </div> <input type="search" name="q" placeholder="Expression ou mot-clé" > <button type="submit" class="ob-buttons-search">Rechercher</button> </form> <script> (function( $ ) { 'use strict'; $(function() { $('select[name="searchdomain"]').change( function() { var value = $(this).val(); var form_action = ""; if (value == "catalogue-notebooks") { form_action = ""; } else if ( value == "openedition") { form_action = "https://search.openedition.org/results"; }else { form_action = ""; } if (form_action != "") { $(this).closest('form').attr('action', form_action); } }); }); })(jQuery); </script> </div> </div> <svg aria-hidden="true" style="position: absolute; width: 0; height: 0; overflow: hidden;" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <defs> <symbol id="icon-logo_books" viewBox="0 0 125 32"> <title>OpenEdition Books</title> <path fill="#93117e" style="fill: var(--color15, #93117e)" d="M39.658 1.37c3.455 0 5.416 2.335 5.416 5.665s-1.899 5.728-5.416 5.728c-3.549 0-5.416-2.366-5.416-5.728 0.031-3.362 1.93-5.665 5.416-5.665zM39.658 11.051c2.272 0 3.082-1.992 3.082-3.984 0-1.93-0.903-3.922-3.082-3.922-2.21 0-3.082 1.992-3.082 3.922 0 1.961 0.84 3.984 3.082 3.984z"></path> <path fill="#93117e" style="fill: var(--color15, #93117e)" d="M46.91 4.451h2.023v1.152h0.031c0.467-0.778 1.276-1.339 2.521-1.339 2.49 0 3.424 1.992 3.424 4.233s-0.903 4.296-3.455 4.296c-0.903 0-1.65-0.218-2.397-1.121h-0.031v4.265h-2.117v-11.486zM49.027 8.498c0 1.152 0.467 2.646 1.868 2.646s1.774-1.525 1.774-2.646c0-1.090-0.374-2.584-1.743-2.584s-1.899 1.463-1.899 2.584z"></path> <path fill="#93117e" style="fill: var(--color15, #93117e)" d="M63.066 12.14c-0.778 0.436-1.65 0.654-2.802 0.654-2.677 0-4.265-1.556-4.265-4.233 0-2.366 1.245-4.296 3.767-4.296 3.019 0 3.86 2.054 3.86 4.918h-5.634c0.093 1.307 0.996 2.054 2.335 2.054 1.027 0 1.899-0.374 2.708-0.809v1.712zM61.665 7.72c-0.062-1.027-0.529-1.899-1.712-1.899s-1.774 0.809-1.868 1.899h3.58z"></path> <path fill="#93117e" style="fill: var(--color15, #93117e)" d="M65.339 4.451h1.992v1.121h0.031c0.654-0.934 1.556-1.307 2.677-1.307 1.93 0 2.77 1.37 2.77 3.206v5.136h-2.117v-4.358c0-0.996-0.031-2.335-1.37-2.335-1.525 0-1.868 1.65-1.868 2.708v3.984h-2.117v-8.156z"></path> <path fill="#93117e" style="fill: var(--color15, #93117e)" d="M75.175 1.556h6.506v1.743h-4.296v2.708h3.922v1.743h-3.922v3.113h4.327v1.743h-6.537z"></path> <path fill="#93117e" style="fill: var(--color15, #93117e)" d="M89.183 11.673h-0.031c-0.623 0.778-1.494 1.121-2.49 1.121-2.49 0-3.424-2.054-3.424-4.296s0.903-4.233 3.424-4.233c1.058 0 1.805 0.374 2.428 1.152h0.031v-4.669h2.117v11.86h-2.054v-0.934zM87.222 11.144c1.401 0 1.868-1.494 1.868-2.646s-0.529-2.584-1.899-2.584c-1.37 0-1.743 1.494-1.743 2.584 0 1.121 0.405 2.646 1.774 2.646z"></path> <path fill="#93117e" style="fill: var(--color15, #93117e)" d="M93.447 0.965h2.117v2.023h-2.117v-2.023zM93.447 4.451h2.117v8.125h-2.117v-8.124z"></path> <path fill="#93117e" style="fill: var(--color15, #93117e)" d="M98.49 6.008h-1.556v-1.556h1.556v-1.619l2.117-0.685v2.304h1.868v1.556h-1.868v3.798c0 0.685 0.187 1.339 0.996 1.339 0.374 0 0.747-0.093 0.965-0.218l0.062 1.681c-0.436 0.124-0.934 0.187-1.556 0.187-1.65 0-2.584-1.027-2.584-2.646v-4.14z"></path> <path fill="#93117e" style="fill: var(--color15, #93117e)" d="M104 0.965h2.117v2.023h-2.117v-2.023zM104 4.451h2.117v8.125h-2.117v-8.124z"></path> <path fill="#93117e" style="fill: var(--color15, #93117e)" d="M112.062 4.265c2.428 0 4.265 1.619 4.265 4.327 0 2.335-1.556 4.202-4.265 4.202-2.677 0-4.233-1.868-4.233-4.202-0.031-2.708 1.837-4.327 4.233-4.327zM112.062 11.144c1.619 0 2.054-1.463 2.054-2.802 0-1.245-0.654-2.428-2.054-2.428-1.37 0-2.023 1.214-2.023 2.428 0 1.339 0.405 2.802 2.023 2.802z"></path> <path fill="#93117e" style="fill: var(--color15, #93117e)" d="M117.977 4.451h1.992v1.121h0.031c0.654-0.934 1.556-1.307 2.677-1.307 1.93 0 2.77 1.37 2.77 3.206v5.136h-2.117v-4.358c0-0.996-0.031-2.335-1.37-2.335-1.525 0-1.868 1.65-1.868 2.708v3.984h-2.117v-8.156z"></path> <path fill="#b73288" style="fill: var(--color10, #b73288)" d="M16.093 32c5.323 0.156 10.459-2.926 12.7-8.124 0 0 0-0.031 0-0.031-7.035-0.374-12.607 6.973-12.7 8.156z"></path> <path fill="#b73288" style="fill: var(--color10, #b73288)" d="M0 20.389c5.323 0.062 10.335 3.331 12.358 8.623 0 0 0 0.031 0 0.031-7.035 0.093-12.14-6.039-12.358-8.654z"></path> <path fill="#b73288" style="fill: var(--color10, #b73288)" d="M14.163 17.307c-3.673-1.494-5.323-4.825-4.14-7.751 1.027-2.521 3.735-3.642 5.977-2.739 2.584 1.027 3.642 3.86 2.708 6.226-0.467 1.152-1.432 2.086-2.397 2.833 3.673 1.339 7.782 0.124 9.121-1.868 1.65-2.49-0.374-7.315-0.374-7.315-1.121-2.49-3.144-4.607-6.163-5.821-6.101-2.459-12.981 0.467-15.409 6.537-2.428 6.039 0.498 12.918 6.537 15.377 0.903 0.374 1.805 0.591 2.739 0.747l0.809 8.498h1.494l0.809-8.467c4.14-0.529 7.876-3.206 9.525-7.346 0 0 0 0 0-0.031-2.802 1.743-6.973 2.833-11.237 1.121z"></path> <path fill="#b73288" style="fill: var(--color10, #b73288)" d="M36.669 18.708c0-1.090-0.062-1.401-0.716-1.432l-0.467-0.031c-0.124-0.093-0.093-0.311 0-0.374 0.809-0.062 1.805-0.125 3.206-0.125 0.934 0 1.837 0.062 2.49 0.405 0.654 0.311 1.121 0.903 1.121 1.868 0 1.058-0.623 1.619-1.525 2.054 0 0.156 0.124 0.187 0.28 0.218 0.809 0.156 1.992 0.903 1.992 2.49 0 1.743-1.276 2.895-3.953 2.895-0.436 0-1.152-0.031-1.805-0.031s-1.152 0.031-1.712 0.031c-0.093-0.031-0.124-0.28-0.031-0.374l0.28-0.031c0.778-0.125 0.809-0.311 0.809-1.868v-5.697zM37.883 20.7c0 0.405 0 0.436 0.778 0.405 1.525-0.062 2.335-0.498 2.335-1.899 0-1.463-1.090-2.023-2.21-2.023-0.342 0-0.56 0.031-0.685 0.093-0.156 0.031-0.218 0.125-0.218 0.374v3.051zM37.883 24.156c0 0.529 0.031 1.307 0.311 1.619 0.28 0.342 0.716 0.405 1.183 0.405 1.339 0 2.335-0.591 2.335-2.086 0-1.183-0.591-2.553-2.957-2.553-0.809 0-0.872 0.093-0.872 0.374v2.241z"></path> <path fill="#b73288" style="fill: var(--color10, #b73288)" d="M50.521 23.626c0 1.868-1.276 3.206-3.144 3.206-1.712 0-3.051-1.214-3.051-3.082s1.432-3.237 3.175-3.237c1.65 0.031 3.019 1.276 3.019 3.113zM47.315 20.981c-0.996 0-1.712 0.934-1.712 2.584 0 1.37 0.623 2.833 1.93 2.833s1.712-1.37 1.712-2.521c-0.031-1.276-0.529-2.895-1.93-2.895z"></path> <path fill="#b73288" style="fill: var(--color10, #b73288)" d="M57.743 23.626c0 1.868-1.276 3.206-3.144 3.206-1.712 0-3.051-1.214-3.051-3.082s1.432-3.237 3.175-3.237c1.681 0.031 3.019 1.276 3.019 3.113zM54.537 20.981c-0.996 0-1.712 0.934-1.712 2.584 0 1.37 0.623 2.833 1.93 2.833s1.712-1.37 1.712-2.521c0-1.276-0.498-2.895-1.93-2.895z"></path> <path fill="#b73288" style="fill: var(--color10, #b73288)" d="M59.58 18.21c0-0.872 0-0.965-0.467-1.245l-0.156-0.093c-0.062-0.031-0.062-0.249 0-0.311 0.374-0.125 1.090-0.342 1.619-0.623 0.062 0 0.124 0.031 0.156 0.093 0 0.436-0.031 1.183-0.031 1.837v5.105c0 0.187 0 0.218 0.28 0.218 0.342 0 0.623-0.156 1.027-0.591l0.623-0.654c0.405-0.436 0.529-0.623 0.529-0.685s-0.062-0.125-0.342-0.156l-0.374-0.031c-0.124-0.031-0.124-0.342 0-0.374h0.342c0.654 0 1.525-0.031 2.366-0.125 0.093 0.031 0.124 0.311 0.031 0.374l-0.467 0.093c-0.311 0.062-0.56 0.218-0.934 0.529-0.591 0.467-1.090 0.996-1.37 1.245-0.187 0.156-0.187 0.249-0.093 0.342 0.249 0.342 0.498 0.623 0.996 1.183 0.591 0.654 1.089 1.245 1.401 1.525 0.218 0.187 0.498 0.28 0.778 0.342l0.218 0.031c0.093 0.062 0.093 0.342-0.031 0.374-0.436-0.031-0.934-0.031-1.432-0.031-0.591 0-1.121 0-1.556 0.031-0.124-0.062-0.124-0.311-0.031-0.374l0.28-0.031c0.218-0.031 0.374-0.062 0.374-0.156s-0.062-0.187-0.249-0.405l-1.588-1.837c-0.124-0.156-0.311-0.218-0.467-0.218-0.28 0-0.28 0.031-0.28 0.498v0.809c0 1.090 0.031 1.214 0.56 1.307l0.342 0.031c0.093 0.062 0.062 0.342-0.031 0.374-0.498-0.031-0.934-0.031-1.432-0.031-0.529 0-0.996 0-1.432 0.031-0.093-0.031-0.124-0.311 0-0.374l0.342-0.031c0.56-0.062 0.56-0.218 0.56-1.307v-6.693z"></path> <path fill="#b73288" style="fill: var(--color10, #b73288)" d="M69.541 20.794c0.124 0.342 0.249 0.809 0.249 1.214-0.062 0.093-0.28 0.125-0.374 0.031-0.249-0.654-0.716-1.090-1.307-1.090s-0.965 0.374-0.965 0.903c0 0.623 0.623 0.934 1.152 1.245 0.778 0.436 1.525 0.965 1.525 2.023 0 1.121-1.058 1.712-2.148 1.712-0.716 0-1.214-0.156-1.588-0.436-0.124-0.28-0.218-1.027-0.187-1.494 0.062-0.093 0.28-0.093 0.342 0 0.249 0.809 0.716 1.525 1.588 1.525 0.529 0 0.996-0.311 0.996-0.965 0-0.685-0.591-1.058-1.152-1.37-0.872-0.498-1.463-1.027-1.463-1.837 0-1.090 0.903-1.712 2.023-1.712 0.623 0 1.183 0.156 1.307 0.249z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-logo_calenda" viewBox="0 0 100 32"> <title>Calenda</title> <path fill="#fff" style="fill: var(--color1, #fff)" d="M42.903 19.856c-0.886 0.177-1.95 0.355-2.837 0.355-4.078 0-6.914-2.039-6.914-6.294 0-4.343 2.659-6.737 6.914-6.737 0.798 0 1.95 0.177 2.837 0.532l-0.177 2.127c-0.975-0.532-1.773-0.709-2.748-0.709-2.571 0-4.166 1.95-4.166 4.521s1.596 4.521 4.255 4.521c0.975 0 2.127-0.177 2.748-0.532l0.089 2.216z"></path> <path fill="#fff" style="fill: var(--color1, #fff)" d="M44.942 11.258c0.975-0.443 2.216-0.709 3.191-0.709 2.837 0 3.989 1.152 3.989 3.9v1.152c0 0.975 0 1.596 0 2.305s0.089 1.33 0.089 2.039h-2.127c-0.089-0.443-0.089-1.064-0.089-1.418v0c-0.532 1.064-1.773 1.596-2.837 1.596-1.596 0-3.28-0.975-3.28-2.748 0-1.418 0.709-2.216 1.596-2.659s2.127-0.532 3.102-0.532h1.33c0-1.507-0.709-2.039-2.127-2.039-1.064 0-2.039 0.355-2.837 0.975v-1.861zM47.778 18.526c0.709 0 1.33-0.355 1.684-0.798 0.355-0.532 0.532-1.152 0.532-1.95h-1.064c-1.064 0-2.659 0.177-2.659 1.596 0 0.798 0.709 1.152 1.507 1.152z"></path> <path fill="#fff" style="fill: var(--color1, #fff)" d="M54.604 6.56h2.393v13.474h-2.393v-13.474z"></path> <path fill="#fff" style="fill: var(--color1, #fff)" d="M67.014 19.501c-0.886 0.443-1.862 0.709-3.191 0.709-3.102 0-4.875-1.773-4.875-4.787 0-2.659 1.418-4.875 4.343-4.875 3.457 0 4.432 2.393 4.432 5.584h-6.382c0.089 1.507 1.152 2.305 2.659 2.305 1.152 0 2.216-0.443 3.103-0.975v2.039zM65.418 14.537c-0.089-1.152-0.621-2.216-1.95-2.216s-2.039 0.975-2.127 2.216h4.078z"></path> <path fill="#fff" style="fill: var(--color1, #fff)" d="M69.585 10.814h2.305v1.241c0.798-1.064 1.773-1.507 3.014-1.507 2.216 0 3.191 1.507 3.191 3.634v5.85h-2.393v-4.964c0-1.152 0-2.659-1.596-2.659-1.773 0-2.127 1.861-2.127 3.103v4.521h-2.393v-9.219z"></path> <path fill="#fff" style="fill: var(--color1, #fff)" d="M86.781 18.97v0c-0.798 0.886-1.773 1.241-2.837 1.241-2.837 0-3.9-2.305-3.9-4.875s1.064-4.787 3.9-4.787c1.241 0 2.039 0.443 2.748 1.33v0-5.319h2.393v13.474h-2.305v-1.064zM84.565 18.349c1.596 0 2.127-1.684 2.127-3.014s-0.621-2.925-2.127-2.925c-1.596 0-2.039 1.684-2.039 2.925 0 1.33 0.443 3.014 2.039 3.014z"></path> <path fill="#fff" style="fill: var(--color1, #fff)" d="M92.011 11.258c0.975-0.443 2.216-0.709 3.191-0.709 2.837 0 3.989 1.152 3.989 3.9v1.152c0 0.975 0 1.596 0 2.305s0.089 1.33 0.089 2.039h-2.127c-0.089-0.443-0.089-1.064-0.089-1.418v0c-0.532 1.064-1.773 1.596-2.837 1.596-1.596 0-3.28-0.975-3.28-2.748 0-1.418 0.709-2.216 1.596-2.659s2.127-0.532 3.103-0.532h1.33c0-1.507-0.709-2.039-2.127-2.039-1.064 0-2.039 0.355-2.837 0.975v-1.861zM94.848 18.526c0.709 0 1.33-0.355 1.684-0.798 0.355-0.532 0.532-1.152 0.532-1.95h-1.064c-1.064 0-2.659 0.177-2.659 1.596-0.089 0.798 0.621 1.152 1.507 1.152z"></path> <path fill="#6faa46" style="fill: var(--color16, #6faa46)" d="M42.903 19.856c-0.886 0.177-1.95 0.355-2.837 0.355-4.078 0-6.914-2.039-6.914-6.294 0-4.343 2.659-6.737 6.914-6.737 0.798 0 1.95 0.177 2.837 0.532l-0.177 2.127c-0.975-0.532-1.773-0.709-2.748-0.709-2.571 0-4.166 1.95-4.166 4.521s1.596 4.521 4.255 4.521c0.975 0 2.127-0.177 2.748-0.532l0.089 2.216z"></path> <path fill="#6faa46" style="fill: var(--color16, #6faa46)" d="M44.942 11.258c0.975-0.443 2.216-0.709 3.191-0.709 2.837 0 3.989 1.152 3.989 3.9v1.152c0 0.975 0 1.596 0 2.305s0.089 1.33 0.089 2.039h-2.127c-0.089-0.443-0.089-1.064-0.089-1.418v0c-0.532 1.064-1.773 1.596-2.837 1.596-1.596 0-3.28-0.975-3.28-2.748 0-1.418 0.709-2.216 1.596-2.659s2.127-0.532 3.102-0.532h1.33c0-1.507-0.709-2.039-2.127-2.039-1.064 0-2.039 0.355-2.837 0.975v-1.861zM47.778 18.526c0.709 0 1.33-0.355 1.684-0.798 0.355-0.532 0.532-1.152 0.532-1.95h-1.064c-1.064 0-2.659 0.177-2.659 1.596 0 0.798 0.709 1.152 1.507 1.152z"></path> <path fill="#6faa46" style="fill: var(--color16, #6faa46)" d="M54.604 6.56h2.393v13.474h-2.393v-13.474z"></path> <path fill="#6faa46" style="fill: var(--color16, #6faa46)" d="M67.014 19.501c-0.886 0.443-1.862 0.709-3.191 0.709-3.102 0-4.875-1.773-4.875-4.787 0-2.659 1.418-4.875 4.343-4.875 3.457 0 4.432 2.393 4.432 5.584h-6.382c0.089 1.507 1.152 2.305 2.659 2.305 1.152 0 2.216-0.443 3.103-0.975v2.039zM65.418 14.537c-0.089-1.152-0.621-2.216-1.95-2.216s-2.039 0.975-2.127 2.216h4.078z"></path> <path fill="#6faa46" style="fill: var(--color16, #6faa46)" d="M69.585 10.814h2.305v1.241c0.798-1.064 1.773-1.507 3.014-1.507 2.216 0 3.191 1.507 3.191 3.634v5.85h-2.393v-4.964c0-1.152 0-2.659-1.596-2.659-1.773 0-2.127 1.861-2.127 3.103v4.521h-2.393v-9.219z"></path> <path fill="#6faa46" style="fill: var(--color16, #6faa46)" d="M86.781 18.97v0c-0.798 0.886-1.773 1.241-2.837 1.241-2.837 0-3.9-2.305-3.9-4.875s1.064-4.787 3.9-4.787c1.241 0 2.039 0.443 2.748 1.33v0-5.319h2.393v13.474h-2.305v-1.064zM84.565 18.349c1.596 0 2.127-1.684 2.127-3.014s-0.621-2.925-2.127-2.925c-1.596 0-2.039 1.684-2.039 2.925 0 1.33 0.443 3.014 2.039 3.014z"></path> <path fill="#6faa46" style="fill: var(--color16, #6faa46)" d="M92.011 11.258c0.975-0.443 2.216-0.709 3.191-0.709 2.837 0 3.989 1.152 3.989 3.9v1.152c0 0.975 0 1.596 0 2.305s0.089 1.33 0.089 2.039h-2.127c-0.089-0.443-0.089-1.064-0.089-1.418v0c-0.532 1.064-1.773 1.596-2.837 1.596-1.596 0-3.28-0.975-3.28-2.748 0-1.418 0.709-2.216 1.596-2.659s2.127-0.532 3.103-0.532h1.33c0-1.507-0.709-2.039-2.127-2.039-1.064 0-2.039 0.355-2.837 0.975v-1.861zM94.848 18.526c0.709 0 1.33-0.355 1.684-0.798 0.355-0.532 0.532-1.152 0.532-1.95h-1.064c-1.064 0-2.659 0.177-2.659 1.596-0.089 0.798 0.621 1.152 1.507 1.152z"></path> <path fill="#8ebc23" style="fill: var(--color17, #8ebc23)" d="M16.044 32c5.319 0.177 10.46-2.925 12.676-8.066 0 0 0 0 0 0-7.003-0.443-12.499 6.825-12.676 8.066z"></path> <path fill="#8ebc23" style="fill: var(--color17, #8ebc23)" d="M0 20.388c5.319 0.089 10.371 3.28 12.321 8.598 0 0 0 0 0 0-7.003 0.089-12.055-6.028-12.321-8.598z"></path> <path fill="#8ebc23" style="fill: var(--color17, #8ebc23)" d="M14.183 17.285c-3.634-1.507-5.319-4.787-4.166-7.712 0.975-2.482 3.723-3.634 5.939-2.748 2.571 1.064 3.634 3.9 2.659 6.205-0.443 1.152-1.418 2.127-2.393 2.837 3.634 1.33 7.801 0.089 9.13-1.861 1.596-2.482-0.355-7.357-0.355-7.357-1.152-2.482-3.102-4.609-6.116-5.85-6.116-2.393-12.942 0.532-15.424 6.56-2.393 6.028 0.532 12.942 6.56 15.335 0.886 0.355 1.773 0.62 2.748 0.709l0.798 8.51h1.507l0.798-8.51c4.078-0.532 7.801-3.191 9.485-7.269 0 0 0 0 0 0-2.748 1.773-6.914 2.837-11.169 1.152z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-logo_hypothesesorg" viewBox="0 0 140 32"> <title>Hypoth猫ses</title> <path fill="#cc071e" style="fill: var(--color18, #cc071e)" d="M33.941 6.353h2.765v5.529h5.471v-5.529h2.765v13.706h-2.765v-6h-5.471v6h-2.765v-13.706z"></path> <path fill="#cc071e" style="fill: var(--color18, #cc071e)" d="M52.059 17.353v0l2.471-7.353h2.647l-3.765 10c-0.824 2.235-1.471 4.412-4.176 4.412-0.647 0-1.235-0.118-1.882-0.294l0.176-1.941c0.353 0.118 0.706 0.176 1.353 0.176 1.059 0 1.706-0.706 1.706-1.824l-3.882-10.588h2.882l2.471 7.412z"></path> <path fill="#cc071e" style="fill: var(--color18, #cc071e)" d="M58.765 9.941h2.529v1.412h0.059c0.588-1 1.588-1.647 3.118-1.647 3.118 0 4.235 2.471 4.235 5.235s-1.118 5.294-4.294 5.294c-1.118 0-2.059-0.294-2.941-1.412h-0.059v5.294h-2.647v-14.176zM61.412 15c0 1.412 0.588 3.294 2.294 3.294s2.235-1.882 2.235-3.294c0-1.353-0.471-3.235-2.176-3.235s-2.353 1.824-2.353 3.235z"></path> <path fill="#cc071e" style="fill: var(--color18, #cc071e)" d="M75.353 9.706c3 0 5.294 2 5.294 5.353 0 2.882-1.941 5.235-5.294 5.235s-5.294-2.294-5.294-5.235c0-3.294 2.294-5.353 5.294-5.353zM75.353 18.235c2 0 2.529-1.824 2.529-3.471 0-1.529-0.824-3-2.529-3s-2.529 1.471-2.529 3c0 1.647 0.529 3.471 2.529 3.471z"></path> <path fill="#cc071e" style="fill: var(--color18, #cc071e)" d="M83.588 11.882h-1.941v-1.941h1.941v-2l2.647-0.824v2.882h2.353v1.941h-2.353v4.706c0 0.882 0.235 1.647 1.235 1.647 0.471 0 0.941-0.118 1.176-0.294l0.059 2.059c-0.529 0.176-1.176 0.235-1.941 0.235-2.059 0-3.176-1.294-3.176-3.294v-5.118z"></path> <path fill="#cc071e" style="fill: var(--color18, #cc071e)" d="M90.353 5.353h2.647v6h0.059c0.647-1 1.824-1.588 3.176-1.588 2.412 0 3.412 1.706 3.412 3.941v6.353h-2.647v-5.412c0-1.235 0-2.882-1.706-2.882-1.882 0-2.294 2.059-2.294 3.353v4.941h-2.647v-14.706z"></path> <path fill="#cc071e" style="fill: var(--color18, #cc071e)" d="M110.412 19.471c-0.941 0.529-2.059 0.824-3.471 0.824-3.353 0-5.294-1.941-5.294-5.235 0-2.941 1.529-5.353 4.706-5.353 3.765 0 4.824 2.588 4.824 6.118h-7c0.118 1.647 1.235 2.529 2.882 2.529 1.294 0 2.353-0.471 3.353-1v2.118zM108.647 14c-0.059-1.294-0.647-2.353-2.118-2.353s-2.235 1-2.353 2.353h4.471z"></path> <path fill="#cc071e" style="fill: var(--color18, #cc071e)" d="M119.176 12.059c-0.824-0.294-1.412-0.412-2.353-0.412-0.706 0-1.529 0.235-1.529 1.118 0 1.588 4.588 0.588 4.588 4.235 0 2.353-2.118 3.294-4.235 3.294-1 0-2-0.176-3-0.412l0.176-2.176c0.824 0.412 1.706 0.647 2.588 0.647 0.647 0 1.706-0.235 1.706-1.235 0-2-4.588-0.647-4.588-4.294 0-2.176 1.882-3.118 3.941-3.118 1.235 0 2.059 0.176 2.882 0.353l-0.176 2z"></path> <path fill="#cc071e" style="fill: var(--color18, #cc071e)" d="M130 19.471c-0.941 0.529-2.059 0.824-3.471 0.824-3.353 0-5.294-1.941-5.294-5.235 0-2.941 1.529-5.353 4.706-5.353 3.765 0 4.824 2.588 4.824 6.118h-7c0.118 1.647 1.235 2.529 2.882 2.529 1.294 0 2.353-0.471 3.353-1v2.118zM128.235 14c-0.059-1.294-0.647-2.353-2.118-2.353s-2.235 1-2.353 2.353h4.471z"></path> <path fill="#cc071e" style="fill: var(--color18, #cc071e)" d="M138.824 12.059c-0.824-0.294-1.412-0.412-2.353-0.412-0.706 0-1.529 0.235-1.529 1.118 0 1.588 4.588 0.588 4.588 4.235 0 2.353-2.118 3.294-4.235 3.294-1 0-2-0.176-3-0.412l0.176-2.176c0.824 0.412 1.706 0.647 2.588 0.647 0.647 0 1.706-0.235 1.706-1.235 0-2-4.588-0.647-4.588-4.294 0-2.176 1.882-3.118 3.941-3.118 1.235 0 2.059 0.176 2.882 0.353l-0.176 2z"></path> <path fill="#ec5a4f" style="fill: var(--color19, #ec5a4f)" d="M16.059 32c5.353 0.176 10.471-2.882 12.706-8.118 0 0 0 0 0 0-7.059-0.412-12.588 6.882-12.706 8.118z"></path> <path fill="#ec5a4f" style="fill: var(--color19, #ec5a4f)" d="M0 20.353c5.353 0.059 10.353 3.294 12.353 8.588 0 0 0 0 0 0-7.059 0.176-12.118-5.941-12.353-8.588z"></path> <path fill="#ec5a4f" style="fill: var(--color19, #ec5a4f)" d="M14.176 17.294c-3.647-1.471-5.353-4.824-4.176-7.765 1-2.529 3.706-3.647 5.941-2.706 2.588 1.059 3.647 3.882 2.706 6.235-0.471 1.176-1.412 2.059-2.412 2.824 3.647 1.353 7.765 0.118 9.118-1.882 1.647-2.471-0.353-7.294-0.353-7.294-1.118-2.529-3.118-4.647-6.176-5.824-6.059-2.412-12.941 0.471-15.353 6.529-2.412 6 0.529 12.882 6.529 15.353 0.882 0.353 1.824 0.588 2.706 0.765l0.824 8.471h1.529l0.824-8.471c4.118-0.529 7.824-3.176 9.529-7.294 0 0 0 0 0 0-2.824 1.706-7 2.765-11.235 1.059z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-logo_wwwrevuesorg" viewBox="0 0 125 32"> <title>OpenEdition Journals</title> <path fill="#0089b5" style="fill: var(--color20, #0089b5)" d="M39.669 1.41c3.438 0 5.377 2.292 5.377 5.642s-1.939 5.73-5.377 5.73c-3.526 0-5.377-2.38-5.377-5.73s1.851-5.642 5.377-5.642zM39.669 11.019c2.292 0 3.085-2.028 3.085-3.967s-0.882-3.967-3.085-3.967c-2.204 0-3.085 2.028-3.085 3.967 0 2.028 0.793 3.967 3.085 3.967z"></path> <path fill="#0089b5" style="fill: var(--color20, #0089b5)" d="M46.898 4.496h2.028v1.146c0.441-0.793 1.322-1.322 2.556-1.322 2.468 0 3.438 2.028 3.438 4.231s-0.882 4.231-3.438 4.231c-0.882 0-1.675-0.176-2.38-1.146v0 4.231h-2.116v-11.372zM49.014 8.551c0 1.146 0.441 2.645 1.851 2.645s1.763-1.499 1.763-2.645c0-1.058-0.353-2.556-1.763-2.556-1.322-0.088-1.851 1.41-1.851 2.556z"></path> <path fill="#0089b5" style="fill: var(--color20, #0089b5)" d="M63.030 12.165c-0.793 0.441-1.675 0.617-2.821 0.617-2.645 0-4.231-1.587-4.231-4.231 0-2.38 1.234-4.32 3.791-4.32 2.997 0 3.879 2.028 3.879 4.937h-5.642c0.088 1.322 0.97 2.028 2.292 2.028 1.058 0 1.939-0.353 2.733-0.793v1.763zM61.62 7.758c-0.088-1.058-0.529-1.939-1.675-1.939s-1.763 0.793-1.851 1.939h3.526z"></path> <path fill="#0089b5" style="fill: var(--color20, #0089b5)" d="M65.234 4.496h2.028v1.146c0.705-0.97 1.587-1.322 2.645-1.322 1.939 0 2.733 1.322 2.733 3.174v5.113h-2.116v-4.32c0-0.97 0-2.292-1.41-2.292-1.499 0-1.851 1.675-1.851 2.733v3.967h-2.028v-8.198z"></path> <path fill="#0089b5" style="fill: var(--color20, #0089b5)" d="M75.107 1.587h6.523v1.763h-4.32v2.645h3.879v1.763h-3.879v3.085h4.32v1.763h-6.523z"></path> <path fill="#0089b5" style="fill: var(--color20, #0089b5)" d="M89.124 11.636v0c-0.705 0.793-1.499 1.146-2.556 1.146-2.468 0-3.438-2.028-3.438-4.231s0.882-4.231 3.438-4.231c1.058 0 1.763 0.353 2.468 1.146v0-4.672h2.116v11.813h-2.028v-0.97zM87.185 11.107c1.41 0 1.851-1.499 1.851-2.645s-0.529-2.556-1.851-2.556c-1.41 0-1.763 1.499-1.763 2.556-0.088 1.146 0.353 2.645 1.763 2.645z"></path> <path fill="#0089b5" style="fill: var(--color20, #0089b5)" d="M93.355 0.97h2.116v2.028h-2.116v-2.028zM93.355 4.496h2.116v8.11h-2.116v-8.11z"></path> <path fill="#0089b5" style="fill: var(--color20, #0089b5)" d="M98.38 5.995h-1.587v-1.499h1.587v-1.675l2.116-0.705v2.292h1.851v1.587h-1.851v3.791c0 0.705 0.176 1.322 0.97 1.322 0.353 0 0.705-0.088 0.97-0.176l0.088 1.675c-0.441 0.088-0.97 0.176-1.587 0.176-1.675 0-2.556-1.058-2.556-2.645v-4.143z"></path> <path fill="#0089b5" style="fill: var(--color20, #0089b5)" d="M103.846 0.97h2.116v2.028h-2.116v-2.028zM103.846 4.496h2.116v8.11h-2.116v-8.11z"></path> <path fill="#0089b5" style="fill: var(--color20, #0089b5)" d="M111.956 4.32c2.38 0 4.231 1.587 4.231 4.32 0 2.292-1.587 4.231-4.231 4.231s-4.231-1.851-4.231-4.231c0-2.733 1.851-4.32 4.231-4.32zM111.956 11.107c1.587 0 2.028-1.41 2.028-2.821 0-1.234-0.705-2.38-2.028-2.38-1.41 0-2.028 1.234-2.028 2.38 0 1.41 0.353 2.821 2.028 2.821z"></path> <path fill="#0089b5" style="fill: var(--color20, #0089b5)" d="M117.862 4.496h2.028v1.146c0.705-0.97 1.587-1.322 2.645-1.322 1.939 0 2.733 1.322 2.733 3.174v5.113h-2.116v-4.32c0-0.97 0-2.292-1.41-2.292-1.499 0-1.851 1.675-1.851 2.733v3.967h-2.116v-8.198z"></path> <path fill="#0ab7d9" style="fill: var(--color21, #0ab7d9)" d="M16.044 32c5.377 0.176 10.49-2.909 12.694-8.11 0 0 0 0 0 0-6.964-0.441-12.518 6.964-12.694 8.11z"></path> <path fill="#0ab7d9" style="fill: var(--color21, #0ab7d9)" d="M0 20.364c5.377 0.088 10.314 3.35 12.342 8.639 0 0 0 0 0 0-7.052 0.088-12.077-5.995-12.342-8.639z"></path> <path fill="#0ab7d9" style="fill: var(--color21, #0ab7d9)" d="M14.193 17.278c-3.702-1.499-5.377-4.848-4.143-7.758 1.058-2.556 3.702-3.614 5.995-2.733 2.556 1.058 3.614 3.879 2.733 6.259-0.441 1.146-1.41 2.116-2.38 2.821 3.702 1.322 7.758 0.088 9.080-1.851 1.675-2.468-0.353-7.317-0.353-7.317-1.146-2.468-3.174-4.584-6.171-5.818-6.171-2.468-13.047 0.441-15.427 6.523-2.468 6.083 0.529 12.959 6.523 15.339 0.882 0.353 1.851 0.617 2.733 0.705l0.793 8.551h1.499l0.793-8.463c4.143-0.529 7.846-3.174 9.521-7.317 0 0 0 0 0 0-2.821 1.675-6.964 2.821-11.196 1.058z"></path> <path fill="#0ab7d9" style="fill: var(--color21, #0ab7d9)" d="M36.849 18.953c0-1.675-0.176-1.851-1.058-1.851h-0.353c-0.088-0.088-0.088-0.353 0-0.353 0.882 0 1.322 0.088 1.939 0.088s1.058 0 1.675-0.088c0.088 0.088 0.088 0.353 0 0.353h-0.264c-0.882 0.088-0.882 0.353-0.882 1.851v5.466c0 1.146-0.088 2.204-0.353 2.821-0.529 1.146-1.499 2.116-2.909 2.116-0.176 0-0.617 0-0.617-0.264s0.176-0.705 0.529-0.705c0.176 0 0.353 0 0.529 0.088s0.441 0.088 0.617 0.088c0.353 0 0.529-0.176 0.617-0.353 0.353-0.705 0.353-2.909 0.353-3.702v-5.554z"></path> <path fill="#0ab7d9" style="fill: var(--color21, #0ab7d9)" d="M46.017 23.449c0 1.851-1.234 3.174-3.085 3.174-1.675 0-2.997-1.146-2.997-2.997s1.41-3.174 3.174-3.174c1.587-0.088 2.909 1.146 2.909 2.997zM42.843 20.804c-0.97 0-1.675 0.97-1.675 2.556 0 1.322 0.617 2.821 1.939 2.821s1.675-1.322 1.675-2.468c0-1.322-0.529-2.909-1.939-2.909z"></path> <path fill="#0ab7d9" style="fill: var(--color21, #0ab7d9)" d="M48.837 24.242c0 1.058 0.264 1.675 1.41 1.675 0.441 0 0.882-0.176 1.234-0.441 0.176-0.176 0.264-0.353 0.264-0.882v-2.38c0-0.97-0.088-0.97-0.529-1.146l-0.176-0.088c-0.088-0.088-0.088-0.264 0-0.353 0.617 0 1.41-0.088 1.763-0.264 0.088 0 0.088 0.088 0.176 0.088 0 0.264-0.088 0.705-0.088 1.322v2.468c0 1.146 0.088 1.587 0.441 1.587 0.176 0 0.353 0 0.617-0.088 0.088 0.088 0.088 0.353 0 0.441-0.529 0.088-1.41 0.264-1.939 0.529-0.088 0-0.176 0-0.176-0.088v-0.617c0-0.176-0.088-0.176-0.088-0.176-0.441 0.264-1.146 0.793-2.028 0.793-1.322 0-1.763-0.617-1.763-1.851v-2.468c0-0.882 0-1.058-0.441-1.234l-0.176-0.088c-0.088-0.088-0.088-0.264 0-0.353 0.705 0 1.234-0.176 1.587-0.264 0.088 0 0.088 0.088 0.176 0.088 0 0.264-0.088 0.529-0.088 1.322v2.468z"></path> <path fill="#0ab7d9" style="fill: var(--color21, #0ab7d9)" d="M55.537 22.127c0-0.529 0-0.617-0.441-0.882l-0.088-0.088c-0.088-0.088-0.088-0.264 0-0.264 0.353-0.088 1.146-0.529 1.499-0.705 0.088 0 0.088 0.088 0.088 0.088v0.882c0 0.088 0 0.088 0.088 0.176 0.529-0.441 1.058-0.882 1.587-0.882 0.353 0 0.705 0.264 0.705 0.617 0 0.529-0.353 0.705-0.617 0.705-0.176 0-0.176 0-0.353-0.088-0.176-0.176-0.441-0.264-0.617-0.264-0.264 0-0.441 0.176-0.529 0.264-0.176 0.176-0.176 0.617-0.176 1.146v2.028c0 1.058 0 1.234 0.617 1.322l0.529 0.088c0.088 0.088 0.088 0.353 0 0.353-0.705 0-1.146 0-1.675 0s-0.97 0-1.322 0c-0.088 0-0.088-0.264 0-0.353l0.264-0.088c0.529-0.088 0.529-0.176 0.529-1.322v-2.733z"></path> <path fill="#0ab7d9" style="fill: var(--color21, #0ab7d9)" d="M60.386 22.127c0-0.529 0-0.617-0.441-0.882l-0.088-0.088c-0.088-0.088-0.088-0.264 0-0.264 0.353-0.088 1.146-0.529 1.499-0.705 0.088 0 0.088 0 0.176 0.088 0 0.353 0 0.529 0 0.705 0 0.088 0.088 0.176 0.176 0.176 0.617-0.353 1.322-0.793 2.028-0.793 1.234 0 1.763 0.882 1.763 1.851v2.556c0 1.058 0 1.234 0.529 1.322l0.353 0.088c0.088 0.088 0.088 0.353 0 0.353-0.441 0-0.882 0-1.41 0s-0.97 0-1.41 0c-0.088 0-0.176-0.264 0-0.353l0.264-0.088c0.529-0.088 0.529-0.176 0.529-1.322v-2.204c0-0.882-0.353-1.499-1.41-1.499-0.529 0-1.058 0.264-1.234 0.529s-0.264 0.441-0.264 0.882v2.292c0 1.058 0 1.234 0.529 1.322l0.264 0.088c0.088 0.088 0.088 0.353 0 0.353-0.353 0-0.793 0-1.322 0s-0.97 0-1.41 0c-0.088 0-0.176-0.264 0-0.353l0.353-0.088c0.529-0.088 0.529-0.176 0.529-1.322v-2.645z"></path> <path fill="#0ab7d9" style="fill: var(--color21, #0ab7d9)" d="M70.171 23.361c0.176-0.088 0.264-0.176 0.264-0.441v-0.705c0-0.529-0.176-1.322-1.058-1.322-0.441 0-0.882 0.176-0.97 0.705 0 0.264 0 0.441-0.176 0.529-0.176 0.176-0.617 0.264-0.793 0.264s-0.176-0.088-0.176-0.176c0-0.793 1.675-1.851 2.733-1.851s1.587 0.617 1.499 1.763l-0.088 2.556c0 0.705 0.088 1.322 0.705 1.322 0.176 0 0.264 0 0.353-0.088 0.088 0 0.176-0.088 0.176-0.088 0.088 0 0.088 0.088 0.088 0.176s-0.529 0.617-1.234 0.617c-0.353 0-0.705-0.088-0.97-0.441-0.088-0.088-0.176-0.176-0.264-0.176s-0.264 0.176-0.529 0.264c-0.353 0.176-0.617 0.353-1.058 0.353s-0.793-0.088-1.058-0.353c-0.264-0.264-0.441-0.617-0.441-1.058 0-0.529 0.264-0.882 1.234-1.234l1.763-0.617zM69.201 25.917c0.264 0 0.793-0.176 0.882-0.353 0.176-0.176 0.176-0.353 0.176-0.705v-0.882c0-0.176-0.088-0.176-0.176-0.176s-0.353 0.088-0.617 0.176c-0.882 0.264-1.322 0.529-1.322 1.058 0.176 0.264 0.353 0.882 1.058 0.882z"></path> <path fill="#0ab7d9" style="fill: var(--color21, #0ab7d9)" d="M74.931 24.771c0 1.058 0 1.234 0.529 1.322l0.353 0.088c0.088 0.088 0.088 0.353 0 0.353-0.441 0-0.882 0-1.41 0s-0.97 0-1.41 0c-0.088 0-0.088-0.264 0-0.353l0.353-0.088c0.529-0.088 0.529-0.176 0.529-1.322v-6.612c0-0.882 0-0.97-0.441-1.234l-0.176-0.176c-0.088-0.088-0.088-0.264 0-0.264 0.353-0.088 1.058-0.353 1.587-0.617 0.088 0 0.088 0 0.176 0.088 0 0.441 0 1.146 0 1.851v6.964z"></path> <path fill="#0ab7d9" style="fill: var(--color21, #0ab7d9)" d="M80.22 20.628c0.176 0.353 0.264 0.793 0.264 1.234-0.088 0.088-0.264 0.088-0.353 0-0.264-0.617-0.705-1.058-1.322-1.058s-0.97 0.353-0.97 0.882c0 0.617 0.617 0.97 1.146 1.234 0.793 0.441 1.499 0.97 1.499 2.028 0 1.146-1.058 1.675-2.116 1.675-0.705 0-1.234-0.176-1.587-0.441-0.088-0.353-0.176-1.058-0.088-1.499 0.088-0.088 0.264-0.088 0.353 0 0.264 0.793 0.705 1.499 1.587 1.499 0.529 0 0.97-0.353 0.97-0.97 0-0.705-0.617-1.058-1.146-1.322-0.882-0.441-1.499-0.97-1.499-1.851 0-1.058 0.882-1.675 2.028-1.675 0.617 0 1.146 0.176 1.234 0.264z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-logo_wwwopeneditionorg" viewBox="0 0 152.7 34.8"> <title>OpenEdition</title> <path fill="#fc7c00" style="fill: var(--color13, #fc7c00)" d="M42.4,8.4c4.4,0,6.9,3,6.9,7.3s-2.5,7.4-6.9,7.4-6.9-3-6.9-7.4S37.9,8.4,42.4,8.4Zm0,12.4c2.9,0,4-2.6,4-5.1s-1.2-5.1-4-5.1-4,2.6-4,5.1S39.5,20.8,42.4,20.8Z"/> <path fill="#fc7c00" style="fill: var(--color13, #fc7c00)" d="M51.7,12.3h2.6v1.5h0a3.47,3.47,0,0,1,3.2-1.7c3.2,0,4.4,2.6,4.4,5.4S60.7,23,57.5,23a3.75,3.75,0,0,1-3.1-1.4h0V27H51.7Zm2.7,5.2c0,1.5.6,3.4,2.4,3.4s2.3-1.9,2.3-3.4-.5-3.3-2.3-3.3S54.4,16.1,54.4,17.5Z"/> <path fill="#fc7c00" style="fill: var(--color13, #fc7c00)" d="M72.5,22.2a7.67,7.67,0,0,1-3.6.8c-3.5,0-5.5-2-5.5-5.4,0-3,1.6-5.5,4.9-5.5,3.9,0,5,2.7,5,6.3H66A2.69,2.69,0,0,0,69,21a6.9,6.9,0,0,0,3.5-1.1Zm-1.8-5.7c-.1-1.3-.7-2.5-2.2-2.5a2.39,2.39,0,0,0-2.4,2.5Z"/> <path fill="#fc7c00" style="fill: var(--color13, #fc7c00)" d="M75.4,12.3H78v1.4h0A4,4,0,0,1,81.4,12c2.5,0,3.6,1.7,3.6,4.1v6.6H82.3V17.1c0-1.3,0-3-1.8-3-2,0-2.4,2.1-2.4,3.5v5.1H75.4Z"/> <path fill="#fc7c00" style="fill: var(--color13, #fc7c00)" d="M88,8.6h8.4v2.2H90.9v3.5H96v2.2H90.9v4h5.6v2.2H88Z"/> <path fill="#fc7c00" style="fill: var(--color13, #fc7c00)" d="M106,21.6h0a4.12,4.12,0,0,1-3.2,1.4c-3.2,0-4.4-2.6-4.4-5.5s1.2-5.4,4.4-5.4a3.62,3.62,0,0,1,3.1,1.5h0v-6h2.7V22.8H106Zm-2.4-.7c1.8,0,2.4-1.9,2.4-3.4s-.7-3.3-2.4-3.3-2.3,1.9-2.3,3.3S101.8,20.9,103.6,20.9Z"/> <path fill="#fc7c00" style="fill: var(--color13, #fc7c00)" d="M111.6,7.8h2.7v2.6h-2.7Zm0,4.5h2.7V22.8h-2.7Z"/> <path fill="#fc7c00" style="fill: var(--color13, #fc7c00)" d="M118,14.3h-2v-2h2V10.2l2.7-.9v3h2.4v2h-2.4v4.9c0,.9.2,1.7,1.3,1.7a1.92,1.92,0,0,0,1.2-.3l.1,2.2a6.17,6.17,0,0,1-2,.2,3.08,3.08,0,0,1-3.3-3.4Z"/> <path fill="#fc7c00" style="fill: var(--color13, #fc7c00)" d="M125.1,7.8h2.7v2.6h-2.7Zm0,4.5h2.7V22.8h-2.7Z"/> <path fill="#fc7c00" style="fill: var(--color13, #fc7c00)" d="M135.5,12.1a5.25,5.25,0,0,1,5.5,5.5,5.5,5.5,0,0,1-11,0A5.25,5.25,0,0,1,135.5,12.1Zm0,8.8c2.1,0,2.6-1.9,2.6-3.6s-.9-3.1-2.6-3.1-2.6,1.5-2.6,3.1S133.4,20.9,135.5,20.9Z"/> <path fill="#fc7c00" style="fill: var(--color13, #fc7c00)" d="M143.1,12.3h2.6v1.4h0a4,4,0,0,1,3.4-1.7c2.5,0,3.6,1.7,3.6,4.1v6.6H150V17.1c0-1.3,0-3-1.8-3-2,0-2.4,2.1-2.4,3.5v5.1h-2.7Z"/> <path fill="#f74a00" style="fill: var(--color22, #f74a00)" d="M42.4,8.4c4.4,0,6.9,3,6.9,7.3s-2.5,7.4-6.9,7.4-6.9-3-6.9-7.4S37.9,8.4,42.4,8.4Zm0,12.4c2.9,0,4-2.6,4-5.1s-1.2-5.1-4-5.1-4,2.6-4,5.1S39.5,20.8,42.4,20.8Z"/> <path fill="#f74a00" style="fill: var(--color22, #f74a00)" d="M51.7,12.3h2.6v1.5h0a3.47,3.47,0,0,1,3.2-1.7c3.2,0,4.4,2.6,4.4,5.4S60.7,23,57.5,23a3.75,3.75,0,0,1-3.1-1.4h0V27H51.7Zm2.7,5.2c0,1.5.6,3.4,2.4,3.4s2.3-1.9,2.3-3.4-.5-3.3-2.3-3.3S54.4,16.1,54.4,17.5Z"/> <path fill="#f74a00" style="fill: var(--color22, #f74a00)" d="M72.5,22.2a7.67,7.67,0,0,1-3.6.8c-3.5,0-5.5-2-5.5-5.4,0-3,1.6-5.5,4.9-5.5,3.9,0,5,2.7,5,6.3H66A2.69,2.69,0,0,0,69,21a6.9,6.9,0,0,0,3.5-1.1Zm-1.8-5.7c-.1-1.3-.7-2.5-2.2-2.5a2.39,2.39,0,0,0-2.4,2.5Z"/> <path fill="#f74a00" style="fill: var(--color22, #f74a00)" d="M75.4,12.3H78v1.4h0A4,4,0,0,1,81.4,12c2.5,0,3.6,1.7,3.6,4.1v6.6H82.3V17.1c0-1.3,0-3-1.8-3-2,0-2.4,2.1-2.4,3.5v5.1H75.4Z"/> <path fill="#f74a00" style="fill: var(--color22, #f74a00)" d="M88,8.6h8.4v2.2H90.9v3.5H96v2.2H90.9v4h5.6v2.2H88Z"/> <path fill="#f74a00" style="fill: var(--color22, #f74a00)" d="M106,21.6h0a4.12,4.12,0,0,1-3.2,1.4c-3.2,0-4.4-2.6-4.4-5.5s1.2-5.4,4.4-5.4a3.62,3.62,0,0,1,3.1,1.5h0v-6h2.7V22.8H106Zm-2.4-.7c1.8,0,2.4-1.9,2.4-3.4s-.7-3.3-2.4-3.3-2.3,1.9-2.3,3.3S101.8,20.9,103.6,20.9Z"/> <path fill="#f74a00" style="fill: var(--color22, #f74a00)" d="M111.6,7.8h2.7v2.6h-2.7Zm0,4.5h2.7V22.8h-2.7Z"/> <path fill="#f74a00" style="fill: var(--color22, #f74a00)" d="M118,14.3h-2v-2h2V10.2l2.7-.9v3h2.4v2h-2.4v4.9c0,.9.2,1.7,1.3,1.7a1.92,1.92,0,0,0,1.2-.3l.1,2.2a6.17,6.17,0,0,1-2,.2,3.08,3.08,0,0,1-3.3-3.4Z"/> <path fill="#f74a00" style="fill: var(--color22, #f74a00)" d="M125.1,7.8h2.7v2.6h-2.7Zm0,4.5h2.7V22.8h-2.7Z"/> <path fill="#f74a00" style="fill: var(--color22, #f74a00)" d="M135.5,12.1a5.25,5.25,0,0,1,5.5,5.5,5.5,5.5,0,0,1-11,0A5.25,5.25,0,0,1,135.5,12.1Zm0,8.8c2.1,0,2.6-1.9,2.6-3.6s-.9-3.1-2.6-3.1-2.6,1.5-2.6,3.1S133.4,20.9,135.5,20.9Z"/> <path fill="#f74a00" style="fill: var(--color22, #f74a00)" d="M143.1,12.3h2.6v1.4h0a4,4,0,0,1,3.4-1.7c2.5,0,3.6,1.7,3.6,4.1v6.6H150V17.1c0-1.3,0-3-1.8-3-2,0-2.4,2.1-2.4,3.5v5.1h-2.7Z"/> <path fill="#fc7c00" style="fill: var(--color13, #fc7c00)" d="M17.5,34.8A14.55,14.55,0,0,0,31.3,26h0C23.6,25.5,17.6,33.5,17.5,34.8Z"/> <path fill="#fc7c00" style="fill: var(--color13, #fc7c00)" d="M0,22.2a14.52,14.52,0,0,1,13.4,9.4h0C5.8,31.7.2,25,0,22.2Z"/> <path fill="#fc7c00" style="fill: var(--color13, #fc7c00)" d="M15.4,18.8c-4-1.6-5.8-5.2-4.5-8.4a5.07,5.07,0,1,1,9.4,3.8,8.64,8.64,0,0,1-2.6,3.1c4,1.4,8.5.1,9.9-2,1.8-2.7-.4-8-.4-8A11.91,11.91,0,0,0,20.5,1a12.79,12.79,0,1,0-9.6,23.7,11.14,11.14,0,0,0,3,.8l.9,9.2h1.6l.9-9.2a12.93,12.93,0,0,0,10.3-7.9h0A13.39,13.39,0,0,1,15.4,18.8Z"/> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-logo_search" viewBox="0 0 247 68"> <title>OpenEdition Search</title> <path fill="#F74A00" style="fill: var(--color13, #F74A00)" d="M80.3,6.6c6.5,0,10.1,4.4,10.1,10.6S86.9,28,80.3,28c-6.6,0-10.1-4.4-10.1-10.7C70.2,10.9,73.8,6.6,80.3,6.6z M80.3,24.7c4.2,0,5.8-3.8,5.8-7.5c0-3.6-1.7-7.4-5.8-7.4c-4.1,0-5.8,3.7-5.8,7.4C74.5,20.9,76.1,24.7,80.3,24.7z"/> <path fill="#F74A00" style="fill: var(--color13, #F74A00)" d="M93.9,12.4h3.8v2.2h0.1c0.9-1.5,2.4-2.5,4.7-2.5c4.7,0,6.4,3.7,6.4,7.9c0,4.2-1.7,8-6.5,8c-1.7,0-3.1-0.4-4.5-2.1h-0.1v8h-4V12.4z M97.9,19.9c0,2.2,0.9,4.9,3.5,4.9c2.6,0,3.3-2.8,3.3-4.9c0-2-0.7-4.9-3.3-4.9C98.9,15.1,97.9,17.8,97.9,19.9z"/> <path fill="#F74A00" style="fill: var(--color13, #F74A00)" d="M124.2,26.7c-1.4,0.8-3.1,1.2-5.2,1.2c-5,0-8-2.9-8-7.9c0-4.4,2.3-8,7.1-8c5.7,0,7.2,3.9,7.2,9.2h-10.5c0.2,2.5,1.9,3.8,4.3,3.8c1.9,0,3.6-0.7,5.1-1.5V26.7z M121.5,18.5c-0.1-1.9-1-3.6-3.2-3.6c-2.2,0-3.3,1.5-3.5,3.6H121.5z"/> <path fill="#F74A00" style="fill: var(--color13, #F74A00)" d="M128.4,12.4h3.8v2.1h0.1c1.2-1.7,2.9-2.4,5-2.4c3.6,0,5.2,2.5,5.2,6v9.6h-4v-8.1c0-1.9,0-4.4-2.6-4.4c-2.9,0-3.5,3.1-3.5,5.1v7.5h-4V12.4z"/> <path fill="#F74A00" style="fill: var(--color13, #F74A00)" d="M146.8,7H159v3.3h-8v5.1h7.4v3.3H151v5.8h8.1v3.3h-12.2V7z"/> <path fill="#F74A00" style="fill: var(--color13, #F74A00)" d="M173.1,25.9L173.1,25.9c-1.2,1.5-2.9,2.1-4.7,2.1c-4.7,0-6.4-3.8-6.4-8c0-4.2,1.7-7.9,6.4-7.9c2,0,3.4,0.7,4.6,2.1h0.1V5.4h4v22.2h-3.8V25.9z M169.4,24.9c2.6,0,3.5-2.8,3.5-4.9c0-2.1-1-4.9-3.6-4.9c-2.6,0-3.3,2.8-3.3,4.9C166.1,22,166.8,24.9,169.4,24.9z"/> <path fill="#F74A00" style="fill: var(--color13, #F74A00)" d="M181.1,5.8h4v3.8h-4V5.8z M181.1,12.4h4v15.2h-4V12.4z"/> <path fill="#F74A00" style="fill: var(--color13, #F74A00)" d="M190.5,15.3h-2.9v-2.9h2.9v-3l4-1.3v4.3h3.5v2.9h-3.5v7.1c0,1.3,0.4,2.5,1.9,2.5c0.7,0,1.4-0.1,1.8-0.4l0.1,3.1c-0.8,0.2-1.7,0.4-2.9,0.4c-3.1,0-4.8-1.9-4.8-4.9V15.3z"/> <path fill="#F74A00" style="fill: var(--color13, #F74A00)" d="M200.8,5.8h4v3.8h-4V5.8z M200.8,12.4h4v15.2h-4V12.4z"/> <path fill="#F74A00" style="fill: var(--color13, #F74A00)" d="M215.9,12c4.5,0,8,3,8,8.1c0,4.4-2.9,7.9-8,7.9c-5,0-8-3.5-8-7.9C208,15.1,211.4,12,215.9,12z M215.9,24.9c3,0,3.8-2.7,3.8-5.3c0-2.3-1.2-4.5-3.8-4.5c-2.6,0-3.8,2.2-3.8,4.5C212.1,22.1,212.9,24.9,215.9,24.9z"/> <path fill="#F74A00" style="fill: var(--color13, #F74A00)" d="M227,12.4h3.8v2.1h0.1c1.2-1.7,2.9-2.4,5-2.4c3.6,0,5.2,2.5,5.2,6v9.6h-4v-8.1c0-1.9,0-4.4-2.6-4.4c-2.9,0-3.5,3.1-3.5,5.1v7.5h-4V12.4z"/> <path fill="#FC7C00" style="fill: var(--color14, #FC7C00)" d="M36.1,64c10,0.3,19.6-5.5,23.8-15.2c0,0,0,0,0-0.1C46.8,48,36.4,61.7,36.1,64z"/> <path fill="#FC7C00" style="fill: var(--color14, #FC7C00)" d="M6,42.2c10,0.1,19.4,6.2,23.2,16.2c0,0,0,0,0,0.1C16,58.6,6.4,47.1,6,42.2z"/> <path fill="#FC7C00" style="fill: var(--color14, #FC7C00)" d="M32.5,36.4c-6.9-2.8-10-9-7.8-14.5c1.9-4.7,7-6.8,11.2-5.1c4.8,2,6.8,7.3,5.1,11.7c-0.9,2.2-2.7,3.9-4.5,5.3c6.9,2.5,14.6,0.2,17.1-3.5c3.1-4.7-0.7-13.7-0.7-13.7C50.8,11.9,47,7.9,41.3,5.6C30,1,17.1,6.5,12.5,17.9C8,29.2,13.5,42.1,24.8,46.7c1.7,0.7,3.4,1.1,5.1,1.4L31.5,64h2.8l1.5-15.9c7.7-1,14.7-6,17.8-13.7c0,0,0,0,0,0C48.4,37.6,40.5,39.7,32.5,36.4z"/> <path fill="#FC7C00" style="fill: var(--color14, #FC7C00)" d="M77.4,53.9c-2.3,0-3.8-0.7-4.4-1c-0.3-0.6-0.7-2.6-0.8-3.9c0.1-0.2,0.6-0.3,0.7-0.1c0.4,1.4,1.6,4.2,4.8,4.2c2.3,0,3.5-1.5,3.5-3.2c0-1.2-0.3-2.6-2.3-3.9l-2.7-1.7c-1.4-0.9-3-2.5-3-4.8c0-2.7,2.1-4.8,5.7-4.8c0.9,0,1.9,0.2,2.6,0.4c0.4,0.1,0.8,0.2,1,0.2c0.3,0.7,0.5,2.2,0.5,3.4c-0.1,0.2-0.6,0.3-0.7,0.1c-0.4-1.3-1.1-3.2-3.8-3.2c-2.7,0-3.3,1.8-3.3,3.1c0,1.6,1.3,2.8,2.4,3.4l2.2,1.4c1.8,1.1,3.5,2.7,3.5,5.4C83.3,51.8,81,53.9,77.4,53.9z"/> <path fill="#FC7C00" style="fill: var(--color14, #FC7C00)" d="M88.1,46.3c-0.7,0-0.8,0.1-0.8,0.8c0,2.8,1.6,5.2,4.6,5.2c0.9,0,1.7-0.3,2.6-1.4c0.3-0.1,0.5,0.1,0.5,0.3c-0.9,1.9-2.9,2.6-4.4,2.6c-1.8,0-3.2-0.8-4-1.8c-0.8-1.1-1.2-2.4-1.2-3.6c0-3.4,2.3-6.3,5.6-6.3c2.4,0,4,1.6,4,3.3c0,0.4-0.1,0.6-0.1,0.7c-0.1,0.2-0.5,0.2-1.6,0.2H88.1z M89.8,45.4c2.1,0,2.7-0.1,2.9-0.3c0.1-0.1,0.2-0.2,0.2-0.5c0-0.8-0.5-1.8-2.2-1.8c-1.6,0-3.1,1.5-3.1,2.4c0,0.1,0,0.1,0.2,0.1H89.8z"/> <path fill="#FC7C00" style="fill: var(--color14, #FC7C00)" d="M102.1,47.7c0.4-0.1,0.5-0.4,0.5-0.8l0-1.3c0-1-0.3-2.4-2-2.4c-0.8,0-1.7,0.4-1.8,1.3c0,0.4-0.1,0.8-0.3,0.9c-0.4,0.3-1.2,0.5-1.6,0.5c-0.3,0-0.4-0.1-0.4-0.4c0-1.5,3.2-3.4,5.2-3.4c2,0,3,1.2,2.9,3.3l-0.2,4.9c-0.1,1.3,0.2,2.4,1.3,2.4c0.3,0,0.5-0.1,0.7-0.2c0.1-0.1,0.3-0.2,0.4-0.2c0.1,0,0.2,0.2,0.2,0.4c0,0.1-1,1.2-2.3,1.2c-0.7,0-1.3-0.3-1.8-0.9c-0.1-0.2-0.3-0.4-0.4-0.4c-0.2,0-0.5,0.3-1.1,0.6c-0.6,0.3-1.2,0.7-2,0.7c-0.8,0-1.5-0.2-2-0.6c-0.5-0.5-0.9-1.2-0.9-2c0-1.1,0.5-1.7,2.3-2.4L102.1,47.7z M100.4,52.6c0.6,0,1.4-0.4,1.7-0.7c0.3-0.3,0.3-0.7,0.4-1.3l0.1-1.6c0-0.3-0.1-0.4-0.3-0.4c-0.2,0-0.6,0.1-1.1,0.3c-1.6,0.6-2.5,1-2.5,2.1C98.7,51.4,99,52.6,100.4,52.6z"/> <path fill="#FC7C00" style="fill: var(--color14, #FC7C00)" d="M109.5,45.4c0-1.1,0-1.2-0.8-1.7l-0.3-0.2c-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.4,0-0.5c0.6-0.2,2.1-0.9,2.8-1.4c0.1,0,0.2,0.1,0.2,0.2v1.6c0,0.1,0,0.2,0.1,0.3c1-0.8,2-1.7,3.1-1.7c0.7,0,1.3,0.4,1.3,1.1c0,0.9-0.8,1.3-1.2,1.3c-0.3,0-0.4-0.1-0.6-0.2c-0.4-0.3-0.8-0.4-1.2-0.4c-0.4,0-0.8,0.3-1,0.6c-0.3,0.4-0.4,1.2-0.4,2.2v3.8c0,2,0.1,2.3,1.1,2.4l1,0.1c0.2,0.1,0.1,0.6-0.1,0.7c-1.3-0.1-2.1-0.1-3.1-0.1c-1,0-1.8,0-2.6,0.1c-0.2-0.1-0.3-0.6-0.1-0.7l0.5-0.1c1-0.2,1.1-0.4,1.1-2.4V45.4z"/> <path fill="#FC7C00" style="fill: var(--color14, #FC7C00)" d="M126.2,42.5c0.2,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.4,1.1c0,0.5-0.3,1-0.6,1c-0.1,0-0.3-0.1-0.4-0.2c-0.6-0.8-1.6-1.5-2.8-1.5c-2,0-3.9,1.5-3.9,4.5c0,2.2,1.5,4.8,4.5,4.8c1.6,0,2.5-0.7,3.1-1.7c0.2-0.1,0.5,0.1,0.5,0.4c-0.9,2.1-3,2.8-4.7,2.8c-1.5,0-2.8-0.5-3.8-1.4c-1-0.9-1.6-2.3-1.6-4.1c0-3,2.1-6.2,6.8-6.2C124.3,42,125.4,42.2,126.2,42.5z"/> <path fill="#FC7C00" style="fill: var(--color14, #FC7C00)" d="M129.5,37.7c0-1.6,0-1.8-0.9-2.3l-0.3-0.2c-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.5,0-0.6c0.7-0.2,2-0.6,3-1.2c0.1,0,0.2,0.1,0.3,0.2c0,0.8-0.1,2.2-0.1,3.5V43c0,0.3,0,0.5,0.1,0.5c1-0.8,2.3-1.5,3.8-1.5c2.7,0,3.6,1.6,3.6,3.6v4.7c0,2,0.1,2.3,1.1,2.4l0.8,0.1c0.2,0.1,0.1,0.6-0.1,0.7c-1-0.1-1.8-0.1-2.8-0.1c-1,0-1.8,0-2.6,0.1c-0.2-0.1-0.3-0.6-0.1-0.7l0.6-0.1c1-0.2,1.1-0.4,1.1-2.4v-4c0-1.8-0.9-3-2.7-3c-0.9,0-1.7,0.3-2.2,0.8c-0.5,0.4-0.6,0.6-0.6,1.5v4.7c0,2,0.1,2.3,1.1,2.4l0.6,0.1c0.2,0.1,0.1,0.6-0.1,0.7c-0.8-0.1-1.6-0.1-2.6-0.1c-1,0-1.8,0-2.7,0.1c-0.2-0.1-0.3-0.6-0.1-0.7l0.7-0.1c1-0.1,1.1-0.4,1.1-2.4V37.7z"/> </symbol> </defs> </svg> </body> </html>