CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9133f8faafe1f8d0',cH: 'Vt0qIBdRdZUlCFAAFJ43CRRyS4cN0qwpvspxKxUtVI8-1739776383-1.2.1.1-DgxVAQb1UZRJ_ODcGX0j8pFW.LtdG810SBXiudeMOBYeVJ25y2XHn08zivbK8rCC',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=stirring%20systems&__cf_chl_tk=Bt3SlEnRKRUWBf1gYyzLRiauMvkhj8ms0iMtM6Zgbo0-1739776383-1.0.1.1-ltXfpNmQ1Y66MBOFvY.v6fErh_G_8K0Y04RL8s9CXQM",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739776383',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=stirring%20systems&__cf_chl_f_tk=Bt3SlEnRKRUWBf1gYyzLRiauMvkhj8ms0iMtM6Zgbo0-1739776383-1.0.1.1-ltXfpNmQ1Y66MBOFvY.v6fErh_G_8K0Y04RL8s9CXQM",md: "qrm1JOQoLIcjr8uEUJJDfyN4qtbVVTgo_xUFzFnxJ6A-1739776383-1.2.1.1-f9kcdwQMtSpcHhVT1uTmUGB27TAxd_RVfArxIlMWJZM8vYK5ZOuJygTG41Jb780.feRsKi4NnREmdFRkw9f0VJs0Sn8SLgBlhNS2UMEdSkaOoCSSUgObK_PIYToQAdHIorUZcpIvJk8VBIFQLkYs3tA31kr5L4qhk4s1yvgvfzcA8VDqWzg6s5F2.v0ZWOXXiSbObcCrkbdIWJ2JiP1aI2XyOFtqScYJHxX3QcTAH9YcRfoB3MDatF8CS.bOgBIkBLeRJ5JYLEYfZA_O2_iryeuu4BM340owsfpGxzvmONPWosoK3DRqtdGlJvaHKw9P532FTdtvBEVwPRgLQO6mfmxVk6bONxA4wE_L89aT8FufjD0EcKNXC3mGh1ESjBMAxpRjPda6RK9wjleblpFWNfghWW.uf_w55RA.gzggx4Vng3JKBFyWq8vSdKJP1s2xvh4Tiz9FxJogqU5g9HCtAQTAyPTHTLraGuguYxdZCRtqwRxqGFeW9pFJsh3FSDoHYLYjTXLb57GxzXdcqakHqQng4oxkXu7mBb_p10os3_PmbWfKTvcARgwCg6lplcYTTW4pVVmOjJfHBL6crnM0z80lfIYrZqWPA5cBrFs5Xa802dCRQRFR9KoJlBpEwHJTKAzTfPgaemxffjI1uS2XudXx7xgaLjqfr4x__dVN.9PsLyfaeSzqbWE6zBUBPqHpzeQm5sVEjuMwzfPhUAX.BXw8kReXcbqhdYSInr2JOAq9NE.TSX8b1SRMgvfC.0ZuzXofbt3VYZCnI2ps8MqvqO0UJeKP.9rlDOpFqhAUCEeVxkcFf82YMnild1Ud2lKauYtDQrXf.fcOSVEggxrL7WF0Y1lN8QOOfnHqAHFE3diwUHo7YgjHgZ.0PBkduQoKrB2ud7pku5XNY2xBybZ_KHiNb0C4owrzRRBVzObRB4RVTruaaqWkY8c7mMNa1T59GpGiySg1eJZHqFE3F_wBrhq.H0yhN0bSqbU1uxTJeLJV856QPdwjip5rlsMZ_NfbBMRSJ_MYY9ZscbxuV4stVvb46kod2yWTdh.AaL.2Zd1TTgFbZfOBIahev4Pbh4JAu3Wm1E99yo0lufZyUUkJWs5yZoBTf7twTjwMjHZpZPcKGk.XzO6f_4R2YUMjkKJhQEm5nhuigjSlS83s_Rt8PXNaEMGq4nmZUHOQ8mIwI8caa.I2wm9xWru3.Fp8PGV4wltp54rU8WAlA81fkrPCOfnFRYXgieJe6ABXRj7NmrBxSW0ViHVhWf72En2rMIkiDAGtntyfHYWxHKC6hBh1Nr6joPaoRdw3AVBttBhTqvJOGn7TrKw06icg_n_.5M7O6aIl1_0VYEmI26EIxlY0N5neA1iWpthQSCgws8wBvqS8RmGQlc23f_ZVKuYSrkd.zsbmfA2ZmJWTChwSQ6fIdavg7flwo9Sr_0_zYL2HmxUyTuX02Mf8gyL7OF.eivZBH4fJbtGp7mYrtyS33EgsOcVN._8xp9s.RJpD3YVnpgGEJp2CHGMo1OHNodV5JHGnTg0WfJf0BVtL9xTLagh2hUdANpOms96JqT5A4gwLS911sG_WVO1CwsJf3YZfp4o6vBo_PU_KwwiX1aN5r3UASul5G6NRNYKC5NSZhyxbMbeOjMibmNC.kNMdKDqDmqWnVfa4wUaS0Fc3vIa.ltvNWOQ7kXivLDAa8nvIr29EeGrtEIaezJyhzAWkgGlAEkIH5BX2cZh0TjCcS8BOhAKddhZMHeNq.1yMgqLYZ4PiXYNaybFz2h5XeO3WniSOfrZR.D5aNkmaCfmRi8iQ8UTyhwL0BNWa6nRPp9Wp.nqR0pCOBSW2GCoy_7VD3WInszBbfDxS71k3jQWyPrxJ5jLdzJO4Go2V_sF9YUTJVUT2iqojZQLfWWoVXg6eLF5wHPbqnBk05t9cbqvw7zPc7h7bkMZDg6dtTrQvU5TssFqox.Q",mdrd: "Fg4hMtletC2gadtGVcQ8ojyOOka9WS67.28BJPSnCsY-1739776383-1.2.1.1-pbYi2ohYT2LG6S1imJn32ji2V1COW5AHaaISJeN_4kWSWM0Or8DSQ43NiMAVrRZTS33kbr0.gA6U9fYqrx6rBUk17tQnmCnIgXhnL7J9e6W28EuhE8671thzy7EH6mfjZbqLo4B32fY5xW5XyX15HJ1rMlAG2l5xmBQnUuLj1.47TCqzmvfJ35uXaqBu6uzCvo9ev1sL0.hVvoJUmWtAqOaFcB1Y.m6_qSIR_TAcbGQUFleX2Rm1rIset0qKfU_RMDIK7ndhp9LtLU.od2f.8JOfgUYWry8hX6ryxYFNzL508FGpjraO6SmHy_RKhjOB1Gs7pomRldGJkgH7qFxxbzqPzvjSs61nftzV_QLheIULnBsVfiE.m85Q13Ho_r0BsjpFFEOBetCdFwGHTBF6foeRdioeDQiN_x63AGPQLDyUYMG74m36WM3Azc70CJd.IKw3yedHbJsxj1HVFi8F8rUk70W9PIjCMBLIaRLJUFyjR0Oww_z.dJYKRE4cXLU.EIfonExfmJK0DJNRa.klbbgrJ4zI96j7j9Cdy76yJnfEQgT43khDzbJqvsK_YPatQpaz.HhxPVFgpw5CIt.Jz9OKBHK29X9Yqn830dT6iddBqCF0zSP1P3IJUP_qKSW20xdYOwpOonR6r1Ef3DawZot1wuGCdG51sYwV4pDGVRddXKfaXre8VQFRsRNOtmrgi6Rs8r2C5wIE2RwaG9bdou.32bikqBXRzdQ7S3D8Cvba8JfDIWqYIXBcGKMzg2cCTAMSW7dLLKTq55hGaNzBB5y0K4TxP2raVxJEpa0HpT8oZTuQGz3DOAhjx_kYOGYbTDBcEqPpadYpZ3Ec3jtPfu7YCBjxspJSLt2FtuZsoDVelo7nNnu.rewEbAhd.EBIQOFXbFPz1cffF3ZW_e3okRn1u8N639b9JgnlLfScXMGZV4zgJGdbfpe.8RgP6x_eBF3hgcD1Pm9dCyCwP625NuflyqICi._zcJfeMSZz5uNGIGrqaMuJIEqxjvOSGGCU56YT_PMlRcodgiG_MX72jeZjqxbeBaF_zEyeA2e3247N3tn_Qs.BxBZ6bA5sB2kw1TXU_90q7woDz9C0IcNKkgZFGWbE4PbLgk.6qp6csqLcIf_moWTrwlGznfNgAfcuwe7QDMiw.T9x_78NtD62oENNL14CCrrACrcK85nfxV.IK5JKAzX21vCTELe13kNRjZo2dC4cexNRNbA.1LoEhmQE.F_xLbrDojBuqTGM4fjUeL03znH._VExda2uCrSHNg.dx9FFlmGkm3nLRbFjmq8RZ8Hv6sWyoZQQGkhKAajLM9bDMJL_MlWIGDfOKLaesDlioBu09m_xuxY006ZJZW57FFYAaU3Nm_5iH8uOc6jfB4eTJZwNOGzia8trNzcsFnpPBOwMv2Sk8xsEoUjx.yk7s8_STPaZUZ4B.CMpw9pvcR1iNR41VOnnIZWWvrLdl3E1Moq7uYS9H..L7AjNndaGdzRt3_8EeUvW98DubGQKB.51I0mqcGdHu9Kqkr1onfnVSdTVU.CkjOLUCGEblpIcTUey2QGPEke9s.NO_YjhZ377o1SGd75er59IOmbI9DB9Qn.2zdb.QftY6KSbfYkwGtQZzWAKMEQt8d6XgOJ06B3cj9KvwYIotH.Da1lvQIlMQv6nmEtcEUB1ShEQK0Lnji1Udq.EbTPqLIThQVVOkhkhO56aC.w9axTF4lcbwqOFsJM.9DsFkmqlMSbI_1zXfvTVEY3tr8xtXm8l3EfRGf1MPlACZ_Ohlbc.qWKC9FeU5J63nwEI0JtMSLUUOV61MfPmXXWg22Uzv1SBLNbWkYzkOFYQyT4o7R69Y3A6mffkumIkwqOd6bGUos4iNNJbjiDWLIXO1VGgZB8NVHSNgRD6PZIrYm8WhwEx6u79cJsbc9tMFRgfnfaE9WvMTZI5k.prgvmKBtblo_r0UwA2qlnbcZVzelMXVFbziIn6"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9133f8faafe1f8d0';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=stirring%20systems&__cf_chl_rt_tk=Bt3SlEnRKRUWBf1gYyzLRiauMvkhj8ms0iMtM6Zgbo0-1739776383-1.0.1.1-ltXfpNmQ1Y66MBOFvY.v6fErh_G_8K0Y04RL8s9CXQM" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>