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GeoCities - Wikipedia

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<li id="toc-Acquisition_by_Yahoo!" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acquisition_by_Yahoo!"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Acquisition by Yahoo!</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acquisition_by_Yahoo!-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Closure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Closure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Closure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Closure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archiving_efforts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archiving_efforts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Archiving efforts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archiving_efforts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neighborhoods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neighborhoods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Neighborhoods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neighborhoods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-GeoCities_Marketplace" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GeoCities_Marketplace"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>GeoCities Marketplace</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GeoCities_Marketplace-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Reception</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litigation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litigation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Litigation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litigation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88!_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B2" title="ياهو! جيوسيتيز – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ياهو! جيوسيتيز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/GeoCities" title="GeoCities – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="GeoCities" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/GeoCities" title="GeoCities – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="GeoCities" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/GeoCities" title="GeoCities – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="GeoCities" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GeoCities" title="GeoCities – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="GeoCities" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%98%A4%EC%8B%9C%ED%8B%B0" title="지오시티 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="지오시티" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoo!_GeoCities" title="Yahoo! GeoCities – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Yahoo! GeoCities" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoo!_GeoCities" title="Yahoo! GeoCities – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Yahoo! GeoCities" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/GeoCities" title="GeoCities – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="GeoCities" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/GeoCities" title="GeoCities – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="GeoCities" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B7%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA" title="ジオシティーズ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジオシティーズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoo!_GeoCities" title="Yahoo! GeoCities – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Yahoo! GeoCities" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/GeoCities" title="GeoCities – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="GeoCities" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/GeoCities" title="GeoCities – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="GeoCities" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="จีโอซิตีส์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จีโอซิตีส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/GeoCities" title="GeoCities – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="GeoCities" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/GeoCities" title="GeoCities – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="GeoCities" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E8%99%8E%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E6%9D%91" title="雅虎地球村 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Web hosting service active from 1994 to 2009</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">GeoCities</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:FirstGeocitiesYahoo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e9/FirstGeocitiesYahoo.png/220px-FirstGeocitiesYahoo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e9/FirstGeocitiesYahoo.png 1.5x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="47" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The first Yahoo! GeoCities logo (1999–2009)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Type of site</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Web_hosting_service" title="Web hosting service">Web hosting service</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>GeoCities (1994–1999)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo!" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo!">Yahoo!</a> (1999–2009)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo" title="Yahoo">Yahoo! Inc.</a> (2009–present)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Created&#160;by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_Bohnett" title="David Bohnett">David Bohnett</a> and John Rezner</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Commercial</th><td class="infobox-data">Yes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Registration</th><td class="infobox-data">Yes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launched</th><td class="infobox-data">November&#160;1994<span class="noprint">&#59;&#32;30&#160;years ago</span><span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1994-11</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Current&#160;status</th><td class="infobox-data category">Inactive since 26 October 2009<br />(Japanese version inactive since 2019)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>GeoCities</b>, later <b>Yahoo! GeoCities</b>, was a <a href="/wiki/Web_hosting_service" title="Web hosting service">web hosting service</a> that allowed users to create and publish websites for free and to browse user-created websites by their theme or interest, active from 1994 to 2009. GeoCities was started in November 1994 by <a href="/wiki/David_Bohnett" title="David Bohnett">David Bohnett</a> and John Rezner, and was named <b>Beverly Hills Internet</b> briefly before being renamed GeoCities.<sup id="cite_ref-podcast_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-podcast-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On January 28, 1999, it was acquired by <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo!">Yahoo!</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> at which time it was reportedly the third-most visited website on the <a href="/wiki/WorldWideWeb" title="WorldWideWeb">World Wide Web</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MarshallVNU_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MarshallVNU-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In its original form, site users selected a "city" in which to list the hyperlinks to their <a href="/wiki/Web_page" title="Web page">Web pages</a>. The "cities" were named after real cities or regions according to their content: For example, <a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">computer</a>-related sites were placed in "SiliconValley" and those dealing with <a href="/wiki/Entertainment" title="Entertainment">entertainment</a> were assigned to "Hollywood", hence the name of the site. Soon after its acquisition by <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo!">Yahoo!</a>, this practice was abandoned in favor of using the Yahoo! member names in the URLs. </p><p>In April 2009,<sup id="cite_ref-cnn1999_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnn1999-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> the company announced that it would end the United States GeoCities service on October 26, 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-PCMagGeo_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCMagGeo-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TechCrunch_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TechCrunch-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>There were at least 38 million pages displayed by GeoCities before it was terminated, most user-written.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The GeoCities Japan version of the service endured until March 31, 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-GeocitiesJ_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GeocitiesJ-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VeryFirstGeologo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/28/VeryFirstGeologo.png" decoding="async" width="89" height="72" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="89" data-file-height="72" /></a><figcaption>The first GeoCities logo (1995–1998)</figcaption></figure> <p>GeoCities began during mid-1995 as BHI, which stood for Beverly Hills Internet, a small web hosting and development company in southern California.<sup id="cite_ref-Business_Wire_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Business_Wire-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The company created its own <a href="/wiki/Web_directory" title="Web directory">Web directory</a>, organized thematically as six so-called "neighborhoods". The neighborhoods included "Colosseum", "Hollywood", "RodeoDrive", "SunsetStrip", "WallStreet", and "WestHollywood". In mid-1995, the company decided to offer users (thereafter known as "Homesteaders") the ability to develop free home pages within those neighborhoods, with 2 MB of space provided at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-howtogeek_2021-08-24_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-howtogeek_2021-08-24-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> During the registration process, new members chose to which neighborhood they wanted to belong. This neighborhood became part of the member's Web address along with a sequentially assigned "street address" number to make the URL unique (for example, "www.geocities.com/RodeoDrive/number"). Chat, bulletin boards, and other elements of "community" were added soon afterward, helping foster rapid growth. On July 5, 1995, GeoCities added additional cities, including "CapitolHill", "Paris", "SiliconValley", and "Tokyo".<sup id="cite_ref-Business_Wire_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Business_Wire-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> By December 1995, the company, which now had a total of 14 neighborhoods, was registering thousands of Homesteaders a day and getting more than six million monthly page views. GeoCities never enforced neighborhood-specific content; for example, a "Hollywood" homesteader could be nothing but a college student's home page. The company decided to emphasize increasing membership and community, and on December 15, 1995, BHI became known as GeoCities after having also been named Geopages.<sup id="cite_ref-AllBusiness_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AllBusiness-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> At that time GeoCities was headquartered at 9401 Wilshire Boulevard in <a href="/wiki/Beverly_Hills,_California" title="Beverly Hills, California">Beverly Hills, California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AllBusiness_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AllBusiness-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> By December 1996, it was headquartered on the third floor of 1918 Main Street in nearby <a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica,_California" title="Santa Monica, California">Santa Monica</a>, with an office on the 8th floor of the <a href="/wiki/Pershing_Square_Building" title="Pershing Square Building">Pershing Square Building</a> at 125 Park Avenue in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GeoCities_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/GeoCities_logo.svg/250px-GeoCities_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/GeoCities_logo.svg/330px-GeoCities_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1268" data-file-height="1250" /></a><figcaption>The second and last GeoCities logo of 1998–1999</figcaption></figure> <p>Over time, many companies, including <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo!">Yahoo!</a>, invested extensively in GeoCities and, with the introduction of paid premium services, the site continued to grow. During May 1997, GeoCities introduced advertisements on its pages.<sup id="cite_ref-howtogeek_2021-08-24_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-howtogeek_2021-08-24-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Despite negative reaction from users, GeoCities continued to grow compared to rivals. Competition in web hosting came from the likes of <a href="/wiki/Tripod_(web_hosting)" title="Tripod (web hosting)">Tripod</a> and <a href="/wiki/Angelfire" title="Angelfire">Angelfire</a>. By June 1997, GeoCities was the fifth most popular website on the Web, and by October of that year the company had registered its millionth Homesteader.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p><p>During June 1998, in an effort to increase brand awareness, GeoCities introduced a <a href="/wiki/Watermark" title="Watermark">watermark</a> to user Web pages. The watermark, much like an <a href="/wiki/Digital_on-screen_graphic" title="Digital on-screen graphic">onscreen graphic</a> on some television channels, was a transparent floating <a href="/wiki/GIF" title="GIF">GIF</a> image that used JavaScript to stay displayed on the bottom right corner of the browser screen. Many users felt the watermark interfered with the design of their Web site and threatened to relocate their Web pages elsewhere. The implementation of the watermark preceded the widespread adoption of <a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a> and the standardized <a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">Document Object Model</a> and had cross-browser problems. However, GeoCities said in a press release that feedback regarding the watermark had been overwhelmingly positive.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The company became corporate during August 1998, being listed with the <a href="/wiki/Nasdaq" title="Nasdaq">NASDAQ</a> exchange with the code GCTY. The <a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">initial public offering</a> price was $17, increasing rapidly after the initial offering to a maximum of more than $100. By 1999 GeoCities was the third-most visited site of the World Wide Web, behind <a href="/wiki/AOL" title="AOL">AOL</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo!">Yahoo!</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MarshallVNU_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MarshallVNU-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The headquarters had been relocated to 4499 Glencoe Avenue in Los Angeles, near the <a href="/wiki/Marina_del_Rey,_California" title="Marina del Rey, California">Marina del Rey</a> area of <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County,_California" title="Los Angeles County, California">Los Angeles County</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acquisition_by_Yahoo!"><span id="Acquisition_by_Yahoo.21"></span>Acquisition by Yahoo!</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FirstGeocitiesYahoo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e9/FirstGeocitiesYahoo.png/200px-FirstGeocitiesYahoo.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e9/FirstGeocitiesYahoo.png/300px-FirstGeocitiesYahoo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e9/FirstGeocitiesYahoo.png 2x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="47" /></a><figcaption>The first Yahoo! GeoCities logo (1999–2009)</figcaption></figure> <p>During January 1999, near the peak of the <a href="/wiki/Dot-com_bubble" title="Dot-com bubble">dot-com bubble</a>, GeoCities was purchased by Yahoo! for $3.57 billion in stock, with Yahoo! taking control on May 28.<sup id="cite_ref-cnn1999_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnn1999-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Narasimhandeath_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Narasimhandeath-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The acquisition proved unpopular; users began to quit <i>en masse</i> in protest at the new <a href="/wiki/Terms_of_service" title="Terms of service">terms of service</a> specified by Yahoo! for GeoCities.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The terms stated that the company owned all rights and content, including media such as pictures. Yahoo! quickly reversed its decision.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> During July 1999, Yahoo! switched from neighborhood and street addresses <a href="/wiki/URL" title="URL">Uniform Resource Locators</a> (URLs) for homesteaders to "vanity" URLs through members' registration names to Yahoo! ("www.geocities.com/membername"). This service was offered previously only as a premium. </p><p>During 2001, amid speculation by analysts that GeoCities was not yet profitable (it having declared an $8 million loss for the final quarter of 1998), Yahoo! introduced a for-fee premium hosting service at GeoCities<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and reduced the accessibility of free and low-price hosting accounts by limiting their data transfer rate for Web page visitors; since that time the data transfer limit for free accounts was said to be limited to 3 GB per month, but was enforced as a limit of about 4.2 MB per hour.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The paid accounts were later unified in the Yahoo! Web Hosting service, with higher data transfer limits.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> During 2001, a rumor began that GeoCities was to be terminated; the chain e-mail making that claim cited an article in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> that stated the opposite.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Closure">Closure</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yahoo!_Geocities_(2009).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Yahoo%21_Geocities_%282009%29.png/250px-Yahoo%21_Geocities_%282009%29.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Yahoo%21_Geocities_%282009%29.png 1.5x" data-file-width="265" data-file-height="33" /></a><figcaption>Logo of GeoCities before becoming defunct in 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>On April 23, 2009, Yahoo! announced that it would be terminating its <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> version of GeoCities, and stopped accepting new registrations, though the existing GeoCities accounts remained active.<sup id="cite_ref-TechCrunch_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TechCrunch-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> During late June 2009, Yahoo! updated the GeoCities home page to indicate: "GeoCities is closing on October 26, 2009."<sup id="cite_ref-PCMagGeo_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCMagGeo-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> GeoCities joined a long list of other services discontinued by Yahoo, such as Farechase, <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_Music_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! Music Radio">LAUNCHcast</a>, My Web, Audio Search, Pets, <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_Photos" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! Photos">Photos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_Live" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! Live">Live</a>, Kickstart, <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_Briefcase" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! Briefcase">Briefcase</a>, Webmessenger, and <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!#Defunct_services" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo!">Yahoo! Teachers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the termination of GeoCities in the U.S., Yahoo! no longer offered free web page hosting, except in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, where the service continued for ten more years.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCPullPlug_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCPullPlug-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Yahoo! encouraged users to upgrade their accounts to the fee-based Yahoo! Web Hosting service.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GeoCities_Closing_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GeoCities_Closing-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rupert Goodwins, the editor of <i><a href="/wiki/ZDNET" title="ZDNET">ZDNet</a></i>, perceived the termination of GeoCities as an end of an era; he described GeoCities as "the first proof that you could have something really popular and still not make any money on the internet."<sup id="cite_ref-BBCPullPlug_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCPullPlug-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Vijay Mukhi, an internet and cybersecurity expert quoted in the <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Standard" title="Business Standard">Business Standard</a></i>, criticized Yahoo's management of GeoCities; Mukhi described GeoCities as "a lost opportunity for Yahoo!", adding that "they could have made it a <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> if they wanted." <a href="/wiki/Rich_Skrenta" title="Rich Skrenta">Rich Skrenta</a>, the CEO of <a href="/wiki/Blekko" title="Blekko">Blekko</a>, posted on <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> an offer to take over GeoCities from Yahoo! in exchange for 50% future revenue share.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In response to the termination, rival Web hosting services began to compete for the sites formerly displayed by GeoCities. For instance, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> Web host <a href="/wiki/Jimdo" title="Jimdo">Jimdo</a> started the "Lifeboat for GeoCities" service to encourage GeoCities users to display their sites on Jimdo.<sup id="cite_ref-MarshallVNU_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MarshallVNU-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i>Geocities-closing.com</i>, started by GeoCities competitor <a href="/wiki/UCoz" title="UCoz">uCoz</a>, is a similar project begun to save GeoCities websites.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many of the webpages formerly hosted by GeoCities remained accessible, but could not be updated, until 2014. Attempts to access any page using the original GeoCities URL formerly redirected to Yahoo! Small Business,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> but now redirect to the Yahoo! main page. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Archiving_efforts">Archiving efforts</h3></div> <p>Soon after the GeoCities termination announcement, the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a> announced a project to archive GeoCities pages, stating "GeoCities has been an important outlet for personal expression on the Web for almost 15 years." Internet Archive made it their task to ensure the thoroughness and completeness of their archive of GeoCities sites.<sup id="cite_ref-Archive1_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archive1-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The former Web site InternetArchaeology.org also archived and showcased artifacts from GeoCities.<sup id="cite_ref-InternetArchaeology.org_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InternetArchaeology.org-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The operators of the site Reocities downloaded as much of the content hosted on GeoCities as they could before it ended, in an attempt to create a mirror of GeoCities, albeit an incomplete one.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another site attempting to build an archive of defunct GeoCities sites is GeoCities.ws.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> There is no formal relationship between GeoCities and geocities.ws, as it is a completely different company. Many sites were duplicated automatically from GeoCities to geocities.ws many months after the termination of GeoCities. Geocities.ws also promised free hosting, and for eight years this has been the case, as of January&#160;2018<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GeoCities&amp;action=edit">&#91;update&#93;</a></sup>. Other sites with this purpose were <a href="/wiki/WebCite" title="WebCite">WebCite</a>, as well as now-defunct Geociti.es<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (closed 2011), Oocities.org and Ge.ocities.org. </p><p>On the first anniversary of GeoCities' termination, <a href="/wiki/Archive_Team" title="Archive Team">Archive Team</a> announced that they would release a <a href="/wiki/Torrent_file" title="Torrent file">torrent file</a> archive of 641 GB (prior to <a href="/wiki/7z" title="7z">7z</a> compression, it was approximately 900 GB of data),<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and did so on October 29, 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On April 9, 2011, Archive Team released a patch for the first GeoCities torrent.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Neighborhoods">Neighborhoods</h2></div> <p>In its original form, site users selected a so-called "city" in which to list the hyperlinks to their Web pages.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The "cities" were named after real cities or regions according to their content: For example, <a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">computer</a>-related sites were displayed in "SiliconValley" and those dealing with <a href="/wiki/Entertainment" title="Entertainment">entertainment</a> were assigned to "Hollywood", hence the name of the site. Soon after its acquisition by Yahoo!, this practice was abandoned in favor of using the Yahoo! member names in the URLs. During 1996, GeoCities had 29 "neighborhoods", which had groupings of content created by the "homesteaders" (GeoCities users).<sup id="cite_ref-Neighborhoods1996_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Neighborhoods1996-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> By 1999, GeoCities had additional neighborhoods and refocused existing neighborhoods.<sup id="cite_ref-Neighborhoods99_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Neighborhoods99-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="GeoCities_Marketplace">GeoCities Marketplace</h2></div> <p>During 1999, GeoCities included GeoCities Marketplace, a commercial website. It included the GeoStore, which sold GeoCities-branded merchandise. Users cashed in GeoPoints in the store.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2></div> <p>The domain <i>geocities.com</i> attracted at least 177 million visitors annually by 2008, according to a <a href="/wiki/Compete.com" title="Compete.com">Compete.com</a> study.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>ComScore stated that the GeoCities had 18.9 million unique visitors from the U.S. during March 2006. During March 2008, GeoCities had 15.1 million unique U.S. visitors; however, during March 2009, GeoCities had 11.5 million unique visitors, a 24% decrease from March 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-TechCrunch_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TechCrunch-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, indie developer <a href="/wiki/Jay_Tholen" class="mw-redirect" title="Jay Tholen">Jay Tholen</a> released the game <i><a href="/wiki/Hypnospace_Outlaw" title="Hypnospace Outlaw">Hypnospace Outlaw</a></i>, which was heavily influenced by GeoCities. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Neocities" title="Neocities">Neocities</a> is a modern web hosting service with the expressed goal of reviving "the support of free web hosting of the now-defunct GeoCities". In 2022, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://neo-neighborhoods.neocities.org/geocities/">NeoCities Neighborhoods</a>, a remake of GeoCities, was created on Neocities, featuring the same interface that the original 1996 version had. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litigation">Litigation</h2></div> <p>During 1999, a complaint was instituted against GeoCities stating that the corporation violated the provisions of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission_Act_of_1914" title="Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914">Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914</a>, specifically <a href="/wiki/Title_15_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 15 of the United States Code">15&#160;U.S.C.</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/45">§&#160;45</a>, which states in relevant part, "Unfair methods of competition in or affecting commerce, and unfair or deceptive acts or practices in or affecting commerce, are hereby declared unlawful." The FTC found that GeoCities was engaged in deceptive acts and practices in contravention to their stated privacy act. Subsequently, a consent order was entered into, prohibiting GeoCities from misrepresenting the purpose for which it collects and/or uses personal identifying information from consumers. A copy of the complaint and order can be found at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090511204518/http://www.ftc.gov/os/decisions/docs/Volume127.pdf#page=94">127 F.T.C. 94</a> (page 94).<sup id="cite_ref-ftc127_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ftc127-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>GeoCities provided free home pages and e-mail address to children and adults who provided personally identifying and demographic information when they registered for the website. At the time of the complaint, GeoCities had more than 1.8 million members who were "homesteaders". GeoCities illegally permitted third-party advertisers to promote products targeted to GeoCities' 1.8 million users, by using <a href="/wiki/Personal_data" title="Personal data">personally identifiable information</a> obtained in the registration process. These acts and practices affected "commerce" as defined in Section 4 of the Federal Trade Commission.<sup id="cite_ref-ftc127_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ftc127-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The problem of GeoCities was that it placed a privacy statement on its New Member Application Form and on its website promising that it would never give personally identifying information to anyone without the user's permission. GeoCities sold personal information to third parties who used the information for purposes other than those for which members gave permission.<sup id="cite_ref-ftc127_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ftc127-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was ordered that GeoCities would not make any misrepresentation, in any manner about its collection or use of personal identifying information, including what information will be disclosed to third parties. GeoCities was not allowed to collect personal identifying information from any child if GeoCities had actual knowledge that the child did not have their parents' permission to provide the information.<sup id="cite_ref-ftc127_46-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ftc127-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Flag_of_Los_Angeles_County%2C_California.svg/40px-Flag_of_Los_Angeles_County%2C_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Flag_of_Los_Angeles_County%2C_California.svg/60px-Flag_of_Los_Angeles_County%2C_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Flag_of_Los_Angeles_County%2C_California.svg/120px-Flag_of_Los_Angeles_County%2C_California.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1522" data-file-height="913" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Portal:Greater Los Angeles">Greater Los Angeles portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/28px-Industry5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/42px-Industry5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/56px-Industry5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Companies" title="Portal:Companies">Companies portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/40px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/60px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="407" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Internet" title="Portal:Internet">Internet portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angelfire" title="Angelfire">Angelfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AOL_Hometown" title="AOL Hometown">AOL Hometown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Sites" title="Google Sites">Google Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neocities" title="Neocities">Neocities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripod_(web_hosting)" title="Tripod (web hosting)">Tripod Homepages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_2.0#Web_1.0" title="Web 2.0">Web 1.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xoom_(web_hosting)" title="Xoom (web hosting)">Xoom (web hosting)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-podcast-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-podcast_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMcCullough2015" class="citation web cs1">McCullough, Brian (May 11, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150528095940/http://www.internethistorypodcast.com/2015/05/david-bohnett-founder-of-geocities/">"DAVID BOHNETT, FOUNDER OF GEOCITIES"</a>. <i>Internet History Podcast</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.internethistorypodcast.com/2015/05/david-bohnett-founder-of-geocities/">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(interview podcast)</span> on May 28, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Internet+History+Podcast&amp;rft.atitle=DAVID+BOHNETT%2C+FOUNDER+OF+GEOCITIES&amp;rft.date=2015-05-11&amp;rft.aulast=McCullough&amp;rft.aufirst=Brian&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.internethistorypodcast.com%2F2015%2F05%2Fdavid-bohnett-founder-of-geocities%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeoCities" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060502040740/http://yhoo.client.shareholder.com/press/ReleaseDetail.cfm?ReleaseID=173652">"Yahoo! 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Yahoo%21+To+Acquire+Geocities&amp;rft.place=Santa+Clara%2C+California&amp;rft.pub=Yahoo%21&amp;rft.date=1999-01-28&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fyhoo.client.shareholder.com%2Fpress%2FReleaseDetail.cfm%3FReleaseID%3D173652&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeoCities" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MarshallVNU-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MarshallVNU_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MarshallVNU_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MarshallVNU_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMarshall2009" class="citation web cs1">Marshall, Rosalie (April 24, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090426073628/http://www.vnunet.com/vnunet/news/2241092/yahoo-closing-geocities">"Yahoo closing Geocities web hosting service"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Incisive_Media" title="Incisive Media">Vnunet</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vnunet.com/vnunet/news/2241092/yahoo-closing-geocities">the original</a> on April 26, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 30,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Vnunet&amp;rft.atitle=Yahoo+closing+Geocities+web+hosting+service&amp;rft.date=2009-04-24&amp;rft.aulast=Marshall&amp;rft.aufirst=Rosalie&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vnunet.com%2Fvnunet%2Fnews%2F2241092%2Fyahoo-closing-geocities&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeoCities" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnn1999-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cnn1999_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cnn1999_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/1999/01/28/technology/yahoo_a/">"Yahoo! buys GeoCities"</a>. CNN.com. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geocities.com/neighborhoods/">the original</a> on February 9, 1999<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 30,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=GeoCities&amp;rft.atitle=Visit+these+neighborhoods&amp;rft.date=1999-02-09&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeocities.com%2Fneighborhoods%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeoCities" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19990209074656/http://www.geocities.com/marketplace/">"GeoCities Marketplace"</a>. <i>GeoCities</i>. February 9, 1999. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geocities.com/marketplace/">the original</a> on February 9, 1999<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 1,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=GeoCities&amp;rft.atitle=GeoCities+Marketplace&amp;rft.date=1999-02-09&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geocities.com%2Fmarketplace%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeoCities" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States" class="citation web cs1">United States. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111220113602/http://siteanalytics.compete.com/geocities.com/?metric=uv">"GeoCities attracts almost 180m visitors online yearly"</a>. Siteanalytics.compete.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://siteanalytics.compete.com/geocities.com?metric=uv">the original</a> on December 20, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 20,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=GeoCities+attracts+almost+180m+visitors+online+yearly&amp;rft.pub=Siteanalytics.compete.com&amp;rft.au=United+States&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsiteanalytics.compete.com%2Fgeocities.com%3Fmetric%3Duv&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeoCities" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ftc127-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ftc127_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftc127_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftc127_46-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftc127_46-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090511204518/http://www.ftc.gov/os/decisions/docs/Volume127.pdf">"FTC.gov"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ftc.gov/os/decisions/docs/Volume127.pdf#page=94">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on May 11, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=FTC.gov&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ftc.gov%2Fos%2Fdecisions%2Fdocs%2FVolume127.pdf%23page%3D94&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeoCities" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.internethistorypodcast.com/2015/05/david-bohnett-founder-of-geocities/">One-hour audio interview</a> with GeoCities founder <a href="/wiki/David_Bohnett" title="David Bohnett">David Bohnett</a> on the creation, evolution, sale, and eventual demise of GeoCities (2015)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OneSearch" class="mw-redirect" title="OneSearch">oneSearch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo" title="Yahoo">Yahoo.com</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_Finance" title="Yahoo Finance">Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_News" title="Yahoo News">News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_Search" title="Yahoo Search">Search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_Sports" title="Yahoo Sports">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_Tech" title="Yahoo Tech">Tech</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communication</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_Mail" title="Yahoo Mail">Mail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Corporate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_Inc._(2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Yahoo! Inc. (2017–present)">Yahoo! Inc. (owner since 2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_Inc._(1995%E2%80%932017)" title="Yahoo! Inc. (1995–2017)">Yahoo! Inc. (owner until 2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Yahoo" title="Criticism of Yahoo">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Yahoo" title="History of Yahoo">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Yahoo-owned_sites_and_services" title="List of Yahoo-owned sites and services">Products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Yahoo" title="Timeline of Yahoo">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Yahoo" title="List of mergers and acquisitions by Yahoo">Acquisitions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_Answers" title="Yahoo Answers">Answers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babel_Fish_(website)" title="Babel Fish (website)">Babel Fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_Briefcase" title="Yahoo Briefcase">Briefcase</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">GeoCities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_Groups" title="Yahoo Groups">Groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_Kickstart" title="Yahoo Kickstart">Kickstart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_Kids" title="Yahoo Kids">Kids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_Maps" title="Yahoo Maps">Maps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_Messenger" title="Yahoo Messenger">Messenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_Music" title="Yahoo Music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_Photos" title="Yahoo Photos">Photos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_Pipes" title="Yahoo Pipes">Pipes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_Query_Language" title="Yahoo Query Language">Query Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_Smart_TV" title="Yahoo Smart TV">Smart TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_Together" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo Together">Together</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_Travel" title="Yahoo Travel">Travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_View" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo View">View</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Filo" title="David Filo">David Filo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marissa_Mayer" title="Marissa Mayer">Marissa Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Yang" title="Jerry Yang">Jerry Yang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AOL" title="AOL">AOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altaba" title="Altaba">Altaba</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo China">Yahoo China</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koprol" title="Koprol">Koprol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_Australia" title="Yahoo Australia">Yahoo Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_Japan" title="Yahoo Japan">Yahoo Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_Kimo" title="Yahoo Kimo">Yahoo Kimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo Korea">Yahoo Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_Maktoob" title="Yahoo Maktoob">Yahoo Maktoob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_Xtra" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo Xtra">Yahoo Xtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_Time_Capsule" title="Yahoo Time Capsule">Yahoo Time Capsule</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Yahoo!" title="Category:Yahoo!">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dot-com_bubble184" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dot-com_Bubble" title="Template:Dot-com Bubble"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dot-com_Bubble" title="Template talk:Dot-com Bubble"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dot-com_Bubble" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dot-com Bubble"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dot-com_bubble184" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dot-com_bubble" title="Dot-com bubble">Dot-com bubble</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Aegerter" title="Daniel Aegerter">Daniel Aegerter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Andreessen" title="Marc Andreessen">Marc Andreessen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Bernard" class="mw-redirect" title="Bob Bernard">Bob Bernard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bezos" title="Jeff Bezos">Jeff Bezos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Blodget" title="Henry Blodget">Henry Blodget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Clark" title="James H. Clark">James H. Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Cooper_(accountant)" title="Cynthia Cooper (accountant)">Cynthia Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Davis_(businessman)" title="Bob Davis (businessman)">Bob Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Ebbers" title="Bernard Ebbers">Bernard Ebbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Filo" title="David Filo">David Filo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Gasparino" title="Charlie Gasparino">Charlie Gasparino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Grasso" title="Richard Grasso">Richard Grasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Greenspan" title="Alan Greenspan">Alan Greenspan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Grubman" title="Jack Grubman">Jack Grubman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josh_Harris_(entrepreneur)" title="Josh Harris (entrepreneur)">Josh Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Hawkins" title="Jeff Hawkins">Jeff Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Jonas" title="Howard Jonas">Howard Jonas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Kearby" title="Gerry Kearby">Gerry Kearby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Koogle" title="Timothy Koogle">Timothy Koogle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Lay" title="Kenneth Lay">Kenneth Lay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Levitt" title="Arthur Levitt">Arthur Levitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Meeker" title="Mary Meeker">Mary Meeker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PayPal_Mafia" title="PayPal Mafia">PayPal Mafia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_O%27Leary" title="Kevin O&#39;Leary">Kevin O'Leary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Olim" title="Jason Olim">Jason Olim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephan_Paternot" title="Stephan Paternot">Stephan Paternot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Rutt" title="Jim Rutt">Jim Rutt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Saylor" title="Michael J. Saylor">Michael J. Saylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Skilling" title="Jeffrey Skilling">Jeffrey Skilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliot_Spitzer" title="Eliot Spitzer">Eliot Spitzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_D._Sullivan" title="Scott D. Sullivan">Scott D. Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaleil_Isaza_Tuzman" title="Kaleil Isaza Tuzman">Kaleil Isaza Tuzman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Wainwright" title="Julie Wainwright">Julie Wainwright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Yang" title="Jerry Yang">Jerry Yang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3Com" title="3Com">3Com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/360networks" title="360networks">360networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AboveNet" title="AboveNet">AboveNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actua_Corporation" title="Actua Corporation">Actua Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspan_Networks" title="Airspan Networks">Airspan Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akamai_Technologies" title="Akamai Technologies">Akamai Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alteon_WebSystems" title="Alteon WebSystems">Alteon WebSystems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AOL" title="AOL">America Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Andersen" title="Arthur Andersen">Arthur Andersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ask.com" title="Ask.com">Ask Jeeves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Coat_Systems" title="Blue Coat Systems">Blue Coat Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boo.com" title="Boo.com">Boo.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books-A-Million" title="Books-A-Million">Books-A-Million</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadband_Sports" title="Broadband Sports">Broadband Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcast.com" title="Broadcast.com">Broadcast.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDNow" title="CDNow">CDNow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemdex" title="Chemdex">Chemdex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel_Connect" title="Steel Connect">CMGI Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobalt_Networks" title="Cobalt Networks">Cobalt Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commerce_One" title="Commerce One">Commerce One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covad" title="Covad">Covad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberian_Outpost" title="Cyberian Outpost">Cyberian Outpost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CyberRebate" title="CyberRebate">CyberRebate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digex" title="Digex">Digex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CueCat" title="CueCat">Digital Convergence Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Insight" title="Digital Insight">Digital Insight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine,_Inc." title="Divine, Inc.">Divine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DoubleClick" title="DoubleClick">DoubleClick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EBay" title="EBay">eBay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EGain" title="EGain">eGain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egghead_Software" title="Egghead Software">Egghead Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enron" title="Enron">Enron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidemic_Marketing" title="Epidemic Marketing">Epidemic Marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excite_(web_portal)" title="Excite (web portal)">Excite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flooz.com" title="Flooz.com">Flooz.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freei" title="Freei">Freei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadzoox" title="Gadzoox">Gadzoox</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">GeoCities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Crossing" title="Global Crossing">Global Crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GovWorks" title="GovWorks">govWorks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handspring,_Inc." title="Handspring, Inc.">Handspring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healtheon" title="Healtheon">Healtheon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HomeGrocer" title="HomeGrocer">HomeGrocer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HotBot" title="HotBot">HotBot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infoseek" title="Infoseek">Infoseek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InfoSpace" title="InfoSpace">InfoSpace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inktomi" title="Inktomi">Inktomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interactive_Intelligence" title="Interactive Intelligence">Interactive Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_America" title="Internet America">Internet America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IVillage" title="IVillage">iVillage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IWon" title="IWon">iWon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozmo.com" title="Kozmo.com">Kozmo.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lastminute.com" title="Lastminute.com">lastminute.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Learning_Company" title="The Learning Company">The Learning Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_Audio" title="Liquid Audio">Liquid Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LookSmart" title="LookSmart">LookSmart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycos" title="Lycos">Lycos</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angelfire" title="Angelfire">Angelfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripod_(web_hosting)" title="Tripod (web hosting)">Tripod</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MarchFirst" class="mw-redirect" title="MarchFirst">MarchFirst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MicroStrategy" title="MicroStrategy">MicroStrategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net2Phone" title="Net2Phone">Net2Phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetBank" title="NetBank">NetBank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netscape" title="Netscape">Netscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_Solutions" title="Network Solutions">Network Solutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NorthPoint_Communications" title="NorthPoint Communications">NorthPoint Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OmniSky" title="OmniSky">OmniSky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm,_Inc." title="Palm, Inc.">Palm, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PayPal" title="PayPal">PayPal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pets.com" title="Pets.com">Pets.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PFSweb" title="PFSweb">PFSweb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixelon" title="Pixelon">Pixelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PLX_Technology" title="PLX Technology">PLX Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prodigy_(online_service)" title="Prodigy (online service)">Prodigy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo.com" title="Pseudo.com">Pseudo.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radvision" title="Radvision">Radvision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razorfish_(company)" title="Razorfish (company)">Razorfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redback_Networks" title="Redback Networks">Redback Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Register.com" title="Register.com">Register.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritmoteca.com" title="Ritmoteca.com">Ritmoteca.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savvis" title="Savvis">Savvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_Electromedia" title="Scout Electromedia">Scout Electromedia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modo_(wireless_device)" title="Modo (wireless device)">modo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_(company)" title="Terra (company)">Terra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TheGlobe.com" title="TheGlobe.com">theGlobe.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Think_Tools" title="Think Tools">Think Tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIBCO_Software" title="TIBCO Software">TIBCO Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tradex_Technologies" title="Tradex Technologies">Tradex Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmeta" title="Transmeta">Transmeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UBid" title="UBid">uBid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Online" title="United Online">United Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USinternetworking" title="USinternetworking">USinternetworking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UUNET" title="UUNET">UUNET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geeknet" title="Geeknet">VA Linux Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verio" title="Verio">Verio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VerticalNet" title="VerticalNet">VerticalNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vignette_Corporation" title="Vignette Corporation">Vignette Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebChat_Broadcasting_System" title="WebChat Broadcasting System">WebChat Broadcasting System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forcepoint" title="Forcepoint">Websense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webvan" title="Webvan">Webvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MCI_Inc." title="MCI Inc.">WorldCom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Online" title="World Online">World Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo!" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo!">Yahoo!</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enron_scandal" title="Enron scandal">Enron scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irrational_exuberance" title="Irrational exuberance">Irrational exuberance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarbanes%E2%80%93Oxley_Act" title="Sarbanes–Oxley Act">Sarbanes–Oxley Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecoms_crash" title="Telecoms crash">Telecoms crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Kenneth_Lay_and_Jeffrey_Skilling" title="Trial of Kenneth Lay and Jeffrey Skilling">Trial of Kenneth Lay and Jeffrey Skilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WorldCom_scandal" title="WorldCom scandal">WorldCom scandal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Blood_on_the_Street" title="Blood on the Street">Blood on the Street</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_of_Fools" title="Conspiracy of Fools">Conspiracy of Fools</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Industry_Standard" title="The Industry Standard">The Industry Standard</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_PayPal_Wars" title="The PayPal Wars">The PayPal Wars</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Broadcast media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/E-Dreams" title="E-Dreams">e-Dreams</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Enron:_The_Smartest_Guys_in_the_Room" title="Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room">Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Startup.com" title="Startup.com">Startup.com</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Valley_of_the_Boom" title="Valley of the Boom">Valley of the Boom</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" 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