Population estimates for the UK, England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <title>Population estimates for the UK, England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland - Office for National Statistics</title> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,user-scalable=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#58595B"> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="#58595B"> <meta name="description" content="National mid-year population estimates for the UK and its constituent countries, by age and sex."> <link rel="canonical" href="/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/bulletins/annualmidyearpopulationestimates/mid2023" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//cdn.ons.gov.uk/sixteens/61d494a/css/main.css"> <script> // getUsuageCookieValue reads the cookies_policy cookie and returns the value a user has set for usage, // or defaults to true to opt_out of usage cookie if no cookie is set, or theres an error getting the value function getUsageCookieValue() { var cookiesPolicyCookie = document.cookie.match('(^|;) ?cookies_policy=([^;]*)(;|$)'); if (cookiesPolicyCookie) { var decodedCookie = decodeURIComponent(cookiesPolicyCookie[2]) var cookieValue = JSON.parse(decodedCookie) return !cookieValue.usage } return true } // unescape html entities function htmlUnescape(str){ return str .replace(/=/g, "="); } var dataLayer = [{ contentTitle: htmlUnescape("Population estimates for the UK, England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland: mid-2023"), analyticsOptOut: getUsageCookieValue(), "gtm.whitelist": ["google","hjtc","lcl"], "gtm.blacklist": ["customScripts","sp","adm","awct","k","d","j"] }]; dataLayer[0]["releaseDate"] = "2024/10/08"; dataLayer[0]["latestRelease"] = "yes"; dataLayer[0]["url"] = "/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/bulletins/annualmidyearpopulationestimates/mid2023"; dataLayer[0]["wordCount"] = 1631 </script>  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MBCBVQS');</script>  <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "http://schema.org", "description": "National mid-year population estimates for the UK and its constituent countries, by age and sex.", "@type": "Article", "headLine": "Population estimates for the UK, England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland", "datePublished": "2024-10-07T23:00:00.000Z", "dateModified": "2024-10-07T23:00:00.000Z", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Demography team" }, "mainEntityOfPage": "/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/bulletins/annualmidyearpopulationestimates/mid2023", "publisher": { "@type": "GovernmentOrganization", "name": "Office for National Statistics", "logo": "https://cdn.ons.gov.uk/assets/images/ons-logo/v2/ons-logo.png" }, "url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/bulletins/annualmidyearpopulationestimates/mid2023", "license": "http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/" } </script> </head> <body class="bulletin"> <script>document.body.className = ((document.body.className) ? document.body.className + ' js' : 'js');</script> <form action="/cookies/accept-all" method="GET" id="global-cookie-message" class="cookies-banner cookies-banner--hidden js-cookies-banner-form clearfix" aria-label="cookie banner"> <div class="cookies-banner__wrapper wrapper js-cookies-banner-inform"> <div> <div class="cookies-banner__message adjust-font-size--18"> <h3 class="cookies-banner__heading">Tell us whether you accept cookies</h3> <p class="cookies-banner__body">We would like to <a href="/cookies">use cookies to collect information</a> about how you use <strong>ons.gov.uk</strong>.</p> <p class="cookies-banner__body">We use this information to make the website work as well as possible and improve our services.</p> </div> <div class="cookies-banner__buttons"> <div class="nojs--hide cookies-banner__button cookies-banner__button--accept"> <button class="btn btn--full-width btn--primary btn--focus margin-right--2 font-weight-700 font-size--17 text-wrap js-accept-cookies" data-gtm-accept-cookies="true" type="submit">Accept all cookies</button> </div> <div class="cookies-banner__button"> <a role="button" href="/cookies" class="btn btn--full-width btn--primary btn--focus margin-right--2 font-weight-700 font-size--17 text-wrap">Set cookie preferences</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="hidden js-cookies-banner-confirmation" tabindex="-1"> <div class="cookies-banner__wrapper wrapper"> <div class="col"> <div class="cookies-banner__message adjust-font-size--18"> <p class="cookies-banner__confirmation-message"> You’ve accepted all cookies. 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></span> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-bulletins__item"> <span class="icon icon-arrow-back--light-small hide--md" ></span> <a class="breadcrumb-bulletins__link" href="/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates" >Population estimates</a> <span class="icon icon-arrow-forward--light-small hide--sm" ></span> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-bulletins__item"> Population estimates for the UK, England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland </li> </ol> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> <main id="main" role="main" tabindex="-1"> <div class="page-bulletins background--astral text--white"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="col-wrap"> <div class="col"> <div class="col margin-left--0"> <h1 class="padding-bottom--0 padding-top--0 margin-top--2 font-weight-700 margin-bottom--2 ">Population estimates for the UK, England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland: mid-2023</h1> <p class="page-bulletins--Summary margin-right-md--2 margin-bottom--3 padding-bottom--0 padding-top--0"> National mid-year population estimates for the UK and its constituent countries, by age and sex. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="col-wrap"> <div class="col alert-release-banner alert-release-banner__latest"> <p class="alert-release-banner__title">This is the latest release. <a href="/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/bulletins/annualmidyearpopulationestimates/previousreleases">View previous releases</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="col-wrap margin-top--3 margin-left--0"> <div class="col col--md-4 col--lg-5"> <a href="https://uksa.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/about-the-authority/uk-statistical-system/types-of-official-statistics/"> <img class="meta__image meta__image--logo" src="https://cdn.ons.gov.uk/assets/images/ons-logo/kitemark/v2/uksa-kitemark-en.svg" alt="These are accredited official statistics. Click for information about types of official statistics." height="58" width="58" /> </a> </div> <p class="col col--md-12 col--lg-15 margin-bottom-sm--1 margin-bottom-md--3 margin-top-sm--1 padding-bottom--0 padding-top--0"> <span class="font-weight-700">Contact: </span><br/><a href="mailto:pop.info@ons.gov.uk" class="text--white"><span class="visuallyhidden">Email </span>Demography team</a> </p> <p class="col col--md-one-third col--lg-one-third margin-bottom-sm--1 margin-bottom-md--3 margin-top--0 padding-bottom--0 padding-top--0"> <span class="font-weight-700">Release date: </span><br/>8 October 2024<br/> </p> <p class="col col--md-one-third col--lg-one-third margin-bottom-sm--3 margin-bottom-md--3 margin-top--0 padding-bottom--0 padding-top--0"> <span class="font-weight-700">Next release: </span><br/>To be announced </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="page-content"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="col-wrap border-bottom--iron-md"> <div class="col col--md-31 col--lg-41 margin-left-md--1"> <div class="table-of-contents print--avoid-break"> <h2 class="table-of-contents__title">Table of contents</h2> <ol id="toc" class="table-of-contents__list"> <li class="table-of-contents__item"> <a href="#main-points" class="js-scroll">Main points</a> </li> <li class="table-of-contents__item"> <a href="#the-population-of-the-uk" class="js-scroll">The population of the UK</a> </li> <li class="table-of-contents__item"> <a href="#upcoming-population-estimates" class="js-scroll">Upcoming population estimates</a> </li> <li class="table-of-contents__item"> <a href="#data-on-population-estimates" class="js-scroll">Data on population estimates</a> </li> <li class="table-of-contents__item"> <a href="#glossary" class="js-scroll">Glossary</a> </li> <li class="table-of-contents__item"> <a href="#data-sources-and-quality" class="js-scroll">Data sources and quality</a> </li> <li class="table-of-contents__item"> <a href="#related-links" class="js-scroll">Related links</a> </li> <li class="table-of-contents__item"> <a href="#cite-this-statistical-bulletin" class="js-scroll">Cite this statistical bulletin</a> </li> </ol> </div> </div> <div class="col col--md-15 col--lg-16 margin-bottom-sm--2 margin-top-md--7 margin-bottom-md--2 margin-left-lg--2 padding-bottom-sm--2 padding-left-sm--1 padding-bottom-md--1 border-top--iron-sm border-right--iron-sm border-bottom--iron-sm border-left--iron-sm border-top--iron-md border-right--iron-md border-bottom--iron-md border-left--iron-md js-print-pdf print--hide"> <p class="text-right--md padding-top-md--0 padding-bottom-md--0 height--5 margin-bottom-md--0 print--hide nojs--hide js--show"> <a href="" class="link-complex nojs--hide js--show js-print-page"> Print this <span class="lowercase"> Statistical bulletin </span> </a> <span class="icon icon-print--dark"></span> </p> <p class="text-right--md padding-top-md--0 padding-bottom-md--0 height--5 margin-top-md--1 print--hide"> <a href="/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/bulletins/annualmidyearpopulationestimates/mid2023/pdf" class="link-complex js-pdf-dl-link" aria-label="Download Population estimates for the UK, England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland as PDF"> Download as PDF </a> <span class="icon icon-download--dark"></span> </p> </div> </div> <div class="hide--md margin-top-sm--1"> <div class=" margin-bottom-sm--2 margin-bottom-md--2 print--hide"> <a class="btn btn--primary btn--full-width" href="/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/bulletins/annualmidyearpopulationestimates/mid2023/relateddata" data-gtm-title="" data-gtm-type="related-data"> View all data used in this <span class="lowercase"> Statistical bulletin </span> </a> </div> </div> <article class="col col--md-36 col--lg-39 page-content__main-content padding-bottom"> <div id="main-points" class="section__content--markdown"> <section> <header> <h2><span class="section__content-number">1.</span> Main points</h2> </header> <ul> <li>The UK population at mid-year 2023 was estimated to be 68.3 million, an increase of 1.0% since mid-2022.</li> <li>The population grew faster in England and in Wales (both 1.0%) than in Scotland (0.8%) or Northern Ireland (0.5%).</li> <li>Net international migration was the main contributor to population increase for all four countries of the UK in the year to mid-2023.</li> <li>There were 16,300 more deaths than births across the UK in the year to mid-2023; in England and Northern Ireland there were more births than deaths while Scotland and Wales had more deaths than births.</li> <li>The estimates in this publication are subject to further revisions because of continuing development of international migration methods and data sources.</li> </ul> <a class="print--hide js-scroll" href="#toc">Back to table of contents</a> </section> </div> <div id="the-population-of-the-uk" class="section__content--markdown"> <section> <header> <h2><span class="section__content-number">2.</span> The population of the UK</h2> </header> <p>We estimate the UK population at mid-2023 as 68.3 million (68,265,209). This estimate will be revised within the next year as new data become available and improvements to our estimates of international migration continue to be made.</p><p>All four countries of the UK saw population increases in the period between mid-2022 and mid-2023. Table 1 shows the populations and components of population change for each country of the UK. The population grew faster in England and in Wales (both 1.0%) than in Scotland (0.8%) or Northern Ireland (0.5%). Commentary on population estimates for each country of the UK can be found in the statistical bulletins listed in <a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/bulletins/annualmidyearpopulationestimates/mid2023#related-links">Section 7: Related links</a>.</p><p>Estimates of long-term international migration for England and Wales in year-ending June 2023 are derived from UK-level migration estimates published on 23 November 2023. Please note therefore that adding migration estimates for England and Wales to migration estimates for Scotland and Northern Ireland, estimates will not sum to the latest total UK-level international migration estimates which were published on 23 May 2024. The difference in these population estimates compared with those based on the latest international migration estimates is relatively small. It does not change the overall picture of the population level.</p><p>For international migration estimates in England and Wales, use the <a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/bulletins/populationestimatesforenglandandwales/mid2023">mid-2023 population estimates for England and Wales</a>. For international migration estimates in Northern Ireland, use the <a href="https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nisra.gov.uk%2Fpublications%2F2023-mid-year-population-estimates-northern-ireland&data=05%7C02%7CElaine.D.Phillips%40ons.gov.uk%7C0464ec3e95e34df0e46208dce47edf75%7C078807bfce824688bce00d811684dc46%7C0%7C0%7C638636480768751805%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=z7erJFuFIW%2F%2FPJffot4PV0DRx5Zy8iWY3Ja%2FscAoyIM%3D&reserved=0">2023 Mid-Year Population Estimates for Northern Ireland</a>. For international migration estimates in Scotland, use the <a href="https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrscotland.gov.uk%2Fstatistics-and-data%2Fstatistics%2Fstatistics-by-theme%2Fpopulation%2Fpopulation-estimates%2Fmid-year-population-estimates&data=05%7C02%7CElaine.D.Phillips%40ons.gov.uk%7C0464ec3e95e34df0e46208dce47edf75%7C078807bfce824688bce00d811684dc46%7C0%7C0%7C638636480768772704%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=O12wTpFa5IIFKxvfsB9gT3tWmGqqi6ZmdlIMm2x72q4%3D&reserved=0">Mid-Year Population Estimates for Scotland</a>. For UK-level international migration estimates, use the latest <a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/internationalmigration/bulletins/longterminternationalmigrationprovisional/previousreleases">UK long-term international migration estimates</a>.</p><p>The population estimates for mid-2023 will be revised in 2025 when the mid-2024 population estimates are published. These will take account of the latest international migration estimates available at that point.</p><p> <div class="markdown-table-container print--avoid-break"> <div class="scrollable-container" tabindex="0"> <div class="markdown-table-wrap"> <figure class="figure" id="table-4ffbacee"> <table class="table"> <caption class="table__caption">Table 1: Population and components of population change of the UK and its constituent countries, mid-2023</caption> <colgroup><col style="width: 3.14em"/><col style="width: 3.36em"/><col style="width: 3.36em"/><col style="width: 3.36em"/><col style="width: 3.36em"/><col style="width: 3.36em"/></colgroup> <tr class="table__header-row"><td class="align-left"></td><th scope="col" class="align-right">United Kingdom</th><th scope="col" class="align-right">England</th><th scope="col" class="align-right">Wales</th><th scope="col" class="align-right">Scotland</th><th scope="col" class="align-right">Northern Ireland</th></tr> <tr><th scope="row" class="align-left">Population 2022</th><td class="align-right">67,602,800</td><td class="align-right">57,112,500</td><td class="align-right">3,132,700</td><td class="align-right">5,447,000</td><td class="align-right">1,910,500</td></tr> <tr><th scope="row" class="align-left">Births</th><td class="align-right">664,400</td><td class="align-right">570,700</td><td class="align-right">27,600</td><td class="align-right">46,000</td><td class="align-right">20,100</td></tr> <tr><th scope="row" class="align-left">Deaths</th><td class="align-right">680,700</td><td class="align-right">560,900</td><td class="align-right">37,100</td><td class="align-right">65,100</td><td class="align-right">17,600</td></tr> <tr><th scope="row" class="align-left">Natural Change (births minus deaths)</th><td class="align-right">-16,300</td><td class="align-right">9,900</td><td class="align-right">-9,500</td><td class="align-right">-19,100</td><td class="align-right">2,500</td></tr> <tr><th scope="row" class="align-left">Net internal UK migration</th><td class="align-right"><100</td><td class="align-right">-31,400</td><td class="align-right">17,600</td><td class="align-right">13,900</td><td class="align-right"><-100</td></tr> <tr><th scope="row" class="align-left">International Immigration</th><td class="align-right">1,185,600</td><td class="align-right">1,047,700</td><td class="align-right">36,300</td><td class="align-right">82,800</td><td class="align-right">18,800</td></tr> <tr><th scope="row" class="align-left">International Emigration</th><td class="align-right">508,300</td><td class="align-right">449,200</td><td class="align-right">12,700</td><td class="align-right">35,100</td><td class="align-right">11,200</td></tr> <tr><th scope="row" class="align-left">Net international migration</th><td class="align-right">677,300</td><td class="align-right">598,400</td><td class="align-right">23,600</td><td class="align-right">47,700</td><td class="align-right">7,600</td></tr> <tr><th scope="row" class="align-left">Other</th><td class="align-right">1,400</td><td class="align-right">800</td><td class="align-right">100</td><td class="align-right">600</td><td class="align-right">-200</td></tr> <tr><th scope="row" class="align-left">Population 2023</th><td class="align-right">68,265,200</td><td class="align-right">57,690,300</td><td class="align-right">3,164,400</td><td class="align-right">5,490,100</td><td class="align-right">1,920,400</td></tr> <tr><th scope="row" class="align-left">Change</th><td class="align-right">662,400</td><td class="align-right">577,800</td><td class="align-right">31,700</td><td class="align-right">43,100</td><td class="align-right">9,800</td></tr> <tr><th scope="row" class="align-left">% Change</th><td class="align-right">1.0%</td><td class="align-right">1.0%</td><td class="align-right">1.0%</td><td class="align-right">0.8%</td><td class="align-right">0.5%</td></tr> </table><footer class="figure__footer"> <p class="figure__source">Source: Population estimates from the Office for National Statistics, the National Records of Scotland, and the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency</p> <p class="figure__notes">Notes</p> <ol class="figure__footnotes"> <li id="table-4ffbacee-note-1" class="figure__footnote-item">These estimates are rounded to the nearest hundred and the total may not sum because of rounding.</li> <li id="table-4ffbacee-note-2" class="figure__footnote-item">Net internal UK migration is the movement of people between countries of the UK.</li> <li id="table-4ffbacee-note-3" class="figure__footnote-item">International migration estimates in Table 1 are inconsistent with the latest Long-term international migration estimates published in May 2024. If the latest LTIM estimates were incorporated into the UK population estimates, the population would be 68.3 million (68,328,000), 63,000 (0.1%) higher than the estimate in Table 1.</li> <li id="table-4ffbacee-note-4" class="figure__footnote-item"> "Other” includes changes in the size of the armed forces and other population adjustments.</li> </ol> </footer> </figure> </div> </div> <h4 class="print--hide font-size--h6 padding-top--0"><span role="text">Download this table <span class="visuallyhidden">Table 1: Population and components of population change of the UK and its constituent countries, mid-2023</span></span></h4> <a href="/download/table?format=xlsx&uri=/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/bulletins/annualmidyearpopulationestimates/mid2023/4ffbacee.json" title="Download as xls" class="btn btn--primary print--hide" data-gtm-title="Table 1: Population and components of population change of the UK and its constituent countries, mid-2023" data-gtm-type="download-table-xlsx" aria-label="Download Table 1: Population and components of population change of the UK and its constituent countries, mid-2023 as xls">.xls</a> <a href="/download/table?format=csv&uri=/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/bulletins/annualmidyearpopulationestimates/mid2023/4ffbacee.json" title="Download as csv" class="btn btn--primary print--hide" data-gtm-title="Table 1: Population and components of population change of the UK and its constituent countries, mid-2023" data-gtm-type="download-table-csv" aria-label="Download Table 1: Population and components of population change of the UK and its constituent countries, mid-2023 as csv">.csv</a> </div></p> <a class="print--hide js-scroll" href="#toc">Back to table of contents</a> </section> </div> <div id="upcoming-population-estimates" class="section__content--markdown"> <section> <header> <h2><span class="section__content-number">3.</span> Upcoming population estimates</h2> </header> <p>We will publish population estimates by local authority for the whole of the UK covering mid-2011 to mid-2023 once mid-2023 estimates for Local Government Areas in Northern Ireland and an amended backseries of estimates for Scotland are available. Following this, the next release of population estimates will be mid-2024 estimates in summer 2025.</p><p>We expect to revise the mid-year population estimates for mid-2023 in summer 2025. As we continue to improve our estimates of international migration, further revisions to population estimates will occur.</p><h3>Admin-based population estimates for England and Wales</h3><p>We are aiming for our <a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/datasets/adminbasedpopulationestimatesforlocalauthoritiesinenglandandwales">admin-based population estimates</a> (ABPEs) to become the official mid-year population estimates for England and Wales in 2025. We will continue our programme of engagement with users of population statistics to understand the effect these changes will have before decisions are taken. This includes setting criteria for moving to ABPEs as the official estimates for England and Wales based on conversations with our partners in devolved governments and central government departments.</p><p>We will also undertake engagement in autumn 2024 to gather feedback on the new approach including with local authorities so we can draw on local insight as we improve the estimates. We <a href="https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fosr.statisticsauthority.gov.uk%2Fcorrespondence%2Fprofessor-sir-ian-diamond-to-ed-humpherson-request-for-assessment-of-admin-based-population-estimates-for-england-and-wales%2F&data=05%7C02%7COliver.Gomersall%40ons.gov.uk%7Cf58e6ae47d2f4625b73208dc95fd661b%7C078807bfce824688bce00d811684dc46%7C0%7C0%7C638550162776538500%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=THKkUJu5usqmV2EWKGhCSYlC3VHeE0BO5ImZZcX2lc4%3D&reserved=0">requested an assessment of our admin-based population estimates</a> and are working to address the points in the assessment to meet the standards expected of <a href="https://osr.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/accredited-official-statistics/">accredited official statistics</a> in 2025.</p><p>Feedback from anyone who uses these statistics is welcomed at any time. You can email us about the approach we are taking at <a href="mailto:pop.info@ons.gov.uk">pop.info@ons.gov.uk</a>.</p><h3>Population estimates by output areas, electoral, health and other geographies for England and Wales</h3><p>We will publish a revised backseries of estimates for 2011 to 2020 consistent with the 2021 Census and based on 2021 Census geographies in October or November 2024. As part of these releases, we will update our mid-2022 population estimates by output areas, electoral, health and other geographies to be consistent with revisions to mid-2022 local authority estimates. Estimates for mid-2023 for England and Wales will follow in winter 2024 to 2025.</p><p>We are exploring possible approaches for producing ABPEs for geographical breakdowns below local authority level for England and Wales. Possible approaches are explored in our methodology article <a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/methodology/methodologicalpublications/generalmethodology/onsworkingpaperseries/geospatialmethodsforsmallareapopulationestimatesproofofconcept">Geospatial methods for Small Area Population Estimates: proof of concept.</a></p> <a class="print--hide js-scroll" href="#toc">Back to table of contents</a> </section> </div> <div id="data-on-population-estimates" class="section__content--markdown"> <section> <header> <h2><span class="section__content-number">4.</span> Data on population estimates</h2> </header> <p><div class="markdown-box-container "> <p><a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/datasets/populationestimatesforukenglandandwalesscotlandandnorthernireland">Estimates of the population for the UK, England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland</a><br> Dataset | Released 8 October 2024<br> National mid-year population estimates for the UK and its constituent countries, by age and sex. </p> </div> </p> <a class="print--hide js-scroll" href="#toc">Back to table of contents</a> </section> </div> <div id="glossary" class="section__content--markdown"> <section> <header> <h2><span class="section__content-number">5.</span> Glossary</h2> </header> <h3>Rolled forward</h3><p>Rolling forward refers to the practice of using the population estimate from the previous reference date as the starting point for estimating the population at the current reference date. The previous population estimate is made one year older, and data on births, deaths and migration are used to reflect population change during the reference period.</p><h3>Usually resident population</h3><p>These data estimate the usually resident population. The standard United Nations definition is used, including only people who reside in a country for 12 months or more, making them usually resident in that country. As such, visitors and short-term migrants are excluded.</p> <a class="print--hide js-scroll" href="#toc">Back to table of contents</a> </section> </div> <div id="data-sources-and-quality" class="section__content--markdown"> <section> <header> <h2><span class="section__content-number">6.</span> Data sources and quality</h2> </header> <p>The mid-year estimates for England and Wales are produced by the Office for National Statistics (ONS), for Scotland by <a href="https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/population/population-estimates/mid-year-population-estimates">National Records of Scotland (NRS)</a> and for Northern Ireland by the <a href="https://www.nisra.gov.uk/statistics/population/mid-year-population-estimates">Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA)</a>.</p><p>Estimates are produced by updating a census base using a standard demographic method, known as the cohort component method, and cover the usually resident population.</p><p>The previous year's resident population, by single year of age, is aged by one year, and then flows are applied to cover births, deaths, immigration, emigration and people entering and leaving "special populations", such as people in prisons or the armed forces.</p><p>Detailed information on the methods and data sources used can be found in the following methodology guides:</p> <ul> <li>our <a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/methodologies/populationestimatesfortheukmid2021methodsguide">Population estimates for the UK, mid-2021: methods guide</a></li> <li>our <a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/methodologies/populationestimatesforenglandandwalesmid2022methodsguide">Population estimates for England and Wales, mid-2023: methods guide</a></li> <li>NISRA's <a href="https://www.nisra.gov.uk/system/files/statistics/MYE23-Methodology.pdf">Mid-2023 Methodology Report (PDF, 232KB)</a></li> <li>the NRS's <a href="https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files/statistics/population-estimates/mid-23/mid-year-pop-est-23-methodology.pdf">Population estimates for Scotland, mid-2023: methods guide</a></li> <li>our <a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/methodologies/consistencyofmethodsusedforpopulationstatisticsacrossukcountries">Consistency of methods used for population statistics across UK countries article</a>.</li> </ul><h3>Strengths of mid-year estimates</h3> <ul> <li>The estimates form the official population estimates of the UK, providing timely data between censuses.</li> <li>Information from administrative registers, such as the numbers of births and deaths, is considered to be very reliable.</li> <li>These estimates form the basis of coherent small-area population estimates.</li> <li>Mid-year population estimates will form the basis of our official <a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationprojections">population projections</a> to be released in 2024.</li> </ul><h3>Limitations of mid-year estimates</h3> <ul> <li>The data are not counts, rather they are estimates created by combining many different data sources.</li> <li>The data sources used are the best available on a nationally consistent basis down to local authority level, but the estimates are subject to the coverage and error associated with these sources.</li> <li>Errors can accumulate over time, therefore population estimates for the years immediately following a census year tend to be more accurate than for those immediately prior to a census year.</li> <li>International migration methods and data sources are still being developed and will lead to revisions to population estimates.</li> </ul><p>For further information on how the estimates were created, quality assurance, their appropriate usage, and strengths and limitations, see our <a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/methodologies/midyearpopulationestimatesqmi">Mid-year population estimates Quality and Methodology Information (QMI) for the UK</a></p><h3>Accredited official statistics status for population estimates</h3><p>Population estimates for the UK are <a href="https://osr.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/accredited-official-statistics/">accredited official statistics</a> (previously National Statistics). The last assessment was 24 November 2020, as shown on the Office for Statistics Regulation's <a href="https://osr.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/publication/population-estimates-and-projections/">Population estimates and projections web page</a>.</p> <a class="print--hide js-scroll" href="#toc">Back to table of contents</a> </section> </div> <div id="related-links" class="section__content--markdown"> <section> <header> <h2><span class="section__content-number">7.</span> Related links</h2> </header> <p><div class="markdown-box-container "> <p><a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/bulletins/populationestimatesforenglandandwales/previousReleases">Mid-year population estimates for England and Wales: mid-2023</a><br> Bulletin | Released 15 July 2024<br> National and subnational mid-year population estimates for England and Wales by administrative area, age and sex, produced by the Office for National Statistics (ONS).</p><p><a href="https://www.gov.wales/mid-year-estimates-population-2023">Mid-year estimates of the population: mid-2023</a><br> Report | Released 15 July 2024<br> National and subnational mid-year population estimates for Wales by administrative area, age and sex, produced by the Welsh Government.</p><p><a href="https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/population/population-estimates/mid-year-population-estimates">Mid-year population estimates for Scotland: mid-2023</a><br> Report | Released 8 October 2024<br> The latest annual mid-year population estimates for Scotland and its constituent NHS Board and council areas, produced by National Records of Scotland (NRS).</p><p><a href="https://www.nisra.gov.uk/statistics/population/mid-year-population-estimates">Mid-year population estimates for Northern Ireland: mid-2023</a><br> Report | Released 19 September 2024<br> The latest annual mid-year population estimates for Northern Ireland, produced by the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA). </p> </div> </p> <a class="print--hide js-scroll" href="#toc">Back to table of contents</a> </section> </div> <div id="cite-this-statistical-bulletin" class="section__content--markdown"> <section> <header> <h2><span class="section__content-number">8.</span> Cite this statistical bulletin</h2> </header> <p><div class="markdown-box-container "> <p>Office for National Statistics (ONS), released 8 October 2024, ONS website, statistical bulletin, <a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/bulletins/annualmidyearpopulationestimates/mid2023">Population estimates for the UK, England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland: mid-2023</a> </p> </div> </p> <a class="print--hide js-scroll" href="#toc">Back to table of contents</a> </section> </div>   <div class="margin-bottom--4"> </div> </article> <div class="col col--md-11 col--lg-20 margin-top-md--3"> <div class=" 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Population estimates for the UK, England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland - Office for National Statistics