CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="kk" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Мәскеу — Уикипедия</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )kkwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"ymd","wgMonthNames":["","қаңтар","ақпан","наурыз","сәуір","мамыр","маусым","шілде","тамыз","қыркүйек","қазан","қараша","желтоқсан"],"wgRequestId":"f8f7acf1-a62a-47be-954e-93e24f6d9c5a","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Мәскеу","wgTitle":"Мәскеу","wgCurRevisionId":3303670,"wgRevisionId":3303670,"wgArticleId":6885,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["ISBN сиқырлы сілтемелері қолданылған беттер","Уикилендіруі қажет мақалалар","Кеңес Одағының батырлары","Ленин орденімен марапатталған қалалар","Қазан төңкерісі орденімен марапатталған қалалар", "Алфавит бойынша елді мекендер","Жазғы Олимпиада ойындары астаналары","Мәскеу","Еуропа елордалары","Азия елордалары","Ресейдің миллионер қалалары","Ресейдің федералдық маңызы бар қалалары","Pages using the Kartographer extension"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"kk","wgPageContentLanguage":"kk","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Мәскеу","wgRelevantArticleId":6885,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"kk","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"kk"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true}, "wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q649","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.0"};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.FreezeTopRow":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.kartographer.style":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready" ,"skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.kartographer.staticframe","mediawiki.page.media","ext.tmh.player","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.featured-articles-links","ext.gadget.edittop","ext.gadget.wikibugs","ext.gadget.QuestionForm","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022", "ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking","ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=kk&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.kartographer.style%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=kk&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=kk&modules=ext.gadget.FreezeTopRow&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=kk&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/MSK_Collage_2015.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1680"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/MSK_Collage_2015.png/800px-MSK_Collage_2015.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1120"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/MSK_Collage_2015.png/640px-MSK_Collage_2015.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="896"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Мәскеу — Уикипедия"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//kk.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Өңдеу" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Уикипедия (kk)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//kk.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.kk"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Уикипедия Atom желісі" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%96%D1%83%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B_%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Мәскеу rootpage-Мәскеу skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Мазмұнға өту</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Басты мәзір" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Басты мәзір</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Басты мәзір</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">бүйірлік тақтаға жылжыту</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">жасыру</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Шарлау </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Басты бетті көру [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Басты бет</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Жоба туралы, мұнда немен айналысуға болатыны туралы, қай жерде не бары туралы"><span>Қауымдастық порталы</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%96%D1%83%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B_%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Осы уикидегі жуықтағы өзгерістер тізімі. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Жуықтағы өзгерістер</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Соңғы бір айдағы басталған беттер тізімі, есім кеңістігі бойынша сүзгілеп көре аласыз."><span>Жаңа беттер</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BE%D2%9B" title="Кездейсоқ бет жүктеу [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Кездейсоқ бет</span></a></li><li id="n-videolesson" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Уикипедияны үйренуге қатысты YouTube-тағы видео сабақтар"><span>Видео сабақтар</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Анықтама табу орны."><span>Анықтама</span></a></li><li id="n-forum" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Уикипедия қатысушыларының форумы."><span>Форум</span></a></li><li id="n-general-discussion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96" title="Flow жұмыс легінде жұмыс істейтін Уикипедияның негізгі талқылау беті [4]" accesskey="4"><span>Талқылау легі</span></a></li><li id="n-telegram" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:Telegram" title="Қазақша Уикипедияға қатысты ең маңызды жаңалықтар мен мақалалар"><span>Телеграм арна</span></a></li><li id="n-bug_in_article" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Бұл беттегі қатені хабарлау"><span>Қателер туралы хабарлау</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Уикипедия" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-kk.svg" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.1875em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Қазақша ашық энциклопедия" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-kk.svg" width="117" height="11" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.6875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%86%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%83" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Уикипедия жобасында іздеу [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Іздеу</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Уикипедия жобасынан іздеу" aria-label="Уикипедия жобасынан іздеу" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Уикипедия жобасында іздеу [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Арнайы:Іздеу"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Іздеу</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Жеке құралдар"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Көрініс"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Көрініс" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Көрініс</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_kk.wikipedia.org&uselang=kk" class=""><span>Демеу беру</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96&returnto=%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83" title="Біз сізге есептік жазба бастауды және кіруді ұсынамыз,ол міндетті емес." class=""><span>Тіркелу</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%96&returnto=%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83" title="Кіруіңізді ұсынамыз, ол міндетті емес. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Кіру</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Басқа баптаулар" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Жеке құралдар" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Жеке құралдар</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Қатысушы мәзірі" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_kk.wikipedia.org&uselang=kk"><span>Демеу беру</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96&returnto=%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83" title="Біз сізге есептік жазба бастауды және кіруді ұсынамыз,ол міндетті емес."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Тіркелу</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%96&returnto=%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83" title="Кіруіңізді ұсынамыз, ол міндетті емес. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Кіру</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Шыққан өңдеушілерге арналған беттер <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%83" aria-label="Өңдеу туралы көбірек білу"><span>көбірек білу</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC" title="Бұл IP мекенжаймен жасаған өңдемелер тізімі [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Үлесім</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Бұл IP мекенжай өңдемелерін талқылау [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Талқылау</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eжабу\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"sitenotice\" lang=\"kk\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"width: 100% ! important; border: solid 1px lightblue; border-radius: 10px; font-size: 120%; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EҚұрметті оқырман, қазақша Уикипедияның \u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:Telegram\" title=\"Уикипедия:Telegram\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Telegram_logo.svg/25px-Telegram_logo.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"25\" height=\"25\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Telegram_logo.svg/38px-Telegram_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Telegram_logo.svg/50px-Telegram_logo.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"512\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:Telegram\" title=\"Уикипедия:Telegram\"\u003ETelegram арнасына\u003C/a\u003E жазыла аласыз\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Мазмұны" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Мазмұны</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">бүйірлік тақтаға жылжыту</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">жасыру</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Кіріспе</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Халқы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Халқы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Халқы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Халқы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Тарихы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Тарихы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Тарихы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Тарихы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Экономикасы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Экономикасы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Экономикасы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Экономикасы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Қазақстан_мен_Мәскеу_қарым_қатынастары" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Қазақстан_мен_Мәскеу_қарым_қатынастары"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Қазақстан мен Мәскеу қарым қатынастары</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Қазақстан_мен_Мәскеу_қарым_қатынастары-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Дереккөздер" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Дереккөздер"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Дереккөздер</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Дереккөздер-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Мазмұны" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Мазмұнды көрсету/жасыру" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Мазмұнды көрсету/жасыру</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Мәскеу</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Басқа тілдегі мақалаға өту. 275 тілде қолжетімді" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-275" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">275 тіл</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Москва – абхаз тілі" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Москва" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="абхаз тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosk%C3%B4w" title="Moskôw – ачех тілі" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Moskôw" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="ачех тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Москва – адыгей тілі" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Москва" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="адыгей тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="таңдаулы мақалалар"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskou" title="Moskou – африкаанс тілі" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Moskou" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskau" title="Moskau – неміс тілі (Швейцария)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Moskau" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="неміс тілі (Швейцария)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Москва – оңтүстік алтай тілі" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Москва" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="оңтүстік алтай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9E%E1%88%B5%E1%8A%AE" title="ሞስኮ – амхар тілі" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሞስኮ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="амхар тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosc%C3%BA" title="Moscú – арагон тілі" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Moscú" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Moscow" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B" title="मॉस्को – ангика тілі" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="मॉस्को" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="ангика тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88" title="موسكو – араб тілі" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="موسكو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="араб тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A1%DC%98%DC%A3%DC%A9%DC%92%DC%90" title="ܡܘܣܩܒܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܡܘܣܩܒܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88" title="موسكو – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="موسكو" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88" title="موسكو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="موسكو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosc%C3%BA" title="Moscú – астурия тілі" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Moscú" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурия тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Москва – авар тілі" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Москва" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="авар тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Moskva" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B" title="मस्को – авадхи тілі" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="मस्को" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="авадхи тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosku" title="Mosku – аймара тілі" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Mosku" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="аймара тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva – әзірбайжан тілі" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Moskva" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="әзірбайжан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88" title="موسکو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="موسکو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D3%99%D2%AF" title="Мәскәү – башқұрт тілі" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мәскәү" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="башқұрт тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskow" title="Moskow – бали тілі" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Moskow" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="бали тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskau" title="Moskau – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Moskau" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maskva" title="Maskva – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Maskva" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosku" title="Mosku – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Mosku" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Масква – беларусь тілі" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Масква" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларусь тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Масква – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Масква" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosko" title="Mosko – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Mosko" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Москва – болгар тілі" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Москва" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгар тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B" title="मास्को – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मास्को" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskow" title="Moskow – бислама тілі" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Moskow" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="бислама тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow – бамбара тілі" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Moscow" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="бамбара тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B" title="মস্কো – бенгал тілі" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মস্কো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8D" title="མོ་སི་ཁོ། – тибет тілі" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མོ་སི་ཁོ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="тибет тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskov" title="Moskov – бретон тілі" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Moskov" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva – босния тілі" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Moskva" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босния тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Москва – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Москва" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscou" title="Moscou – каталан тілі" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Moscou" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Moscow" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Moskva" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%85" title="Москох – шешен тілі" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Москох" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="шешен тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow – себуано тілі" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Moscow" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="себуано тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow – чаморро тілі" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Moscow" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="чаморро тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%86%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%86" title="مۆسکۆ – сорани тілі" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مۆسکۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="сорани тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosca_(cit%C3%A0)" title="Mosca (cità) – корсика тілі" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Mosca (cità)" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="корсика тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskova" title="Moskova – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Moskova" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva – чех тілі" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Moskva" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чех тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B2skwa" title="Mòskwa – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Mòskwa" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%EA%99%91" title="Москꙑ – шіркеулік славян тілі" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Москꙑ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="шіркеулік славян тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2" title="Мускав – чуваш тілі" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Мускав" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чуваш тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscfa" title="Moscfa – валлий тілі" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Moscfa" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валлий тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva – дат тілі" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Moskva" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дат тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="таңдаулы мақалалар"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskau" title="Moskau – неміс тілі" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Moskau" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="неміс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moccow" title="Moccow – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Moccow" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskowa" title="Moskowa – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Moskowa" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskwa" title="Moskwa – төменгі лужица тілі" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Moskwa" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="төменгі лужица тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B" title="मस्को – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="मस्को" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%89%DE%AE%DE%90%DE%B0%DE%86%DE%AF" title="މޮސްކޯ – дивехи тілі" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="މޮސްކޯ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="дивехи тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%BD%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8D" title="མཽས་ཀོ། – дзонг-кэ тілі" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="མཽས་ཀོ།" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="дзонг-кэ тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%87%CE%B1" title="Μόσχα – грек тілі" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μόσχα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грек тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A5ssca" title="Måssca – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Måssca" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow – ағылшын тілі" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Moscow" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ағылшын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="жақсы мақалалар"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskvo" title="Moskvo – эсперанто тілі" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Moskvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="жақсы мақалалар"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosc%C3%BA" title="Moscú – испан тілі" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Moscú" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva – эстон тілі" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Moskva" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosku" title="Mosku – баск тілі" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mosku" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баск тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosc%C3%BA" title="Moscú – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Moscú" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88" title="مسکو – парсы тілі" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مسکو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="парсы тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fat mw-list-item"><a href="https://fat.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow – Fanti" lang="fat" hreflang="fat" data-title="Moscow" data-language-autonym="Mfantse" data-language-local-name="Fanti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mfantse</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskova" title="Moskova – фин тілі" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Moskova" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Moskva" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosiko" title="Mosiko – фиджи тілі" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Mosiko" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="фиджи тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva – фарер тілі" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Moskva" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="фарер тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscou" title="Moscou – француз тілі" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Moscou" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="француз тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscou" title="Moscou – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Moscou" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskau" title="Moskau – солтүстік фриз тілі" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Moskau" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="солтүстік фриз тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosche" title="Mosche – фриуль тілі" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Mosche" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="фриуль тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskou" title="Moskou – батыс фриз тілі" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Moskou" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="батыс фриз тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosc%C3%B3" title="Moscó – ирланд тілі" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Moscó" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирланд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva – гагауз тілі" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Moskva" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="гагауз тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91" title="莫斯科 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="莫斯科" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskou" title="Moskou – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Moskou" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosgo" title="Mosgo – шотландиялық гэль тілі" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Mosgo" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="шотландиялық гэль тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscova" title="Moscova – галисия тілі" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Moscova" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисия тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A4" title="مؤسکؤ – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="مؤسکؤ" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosuku" title="Mosuku – гуарани тілі" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mosuku" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="гуарани тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8D%89%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8D%85%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌼𐍉𐍃𐌺𐍅𐌰 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌼𐍉𐍃𐌺𐍅𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Moscow" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow – мэн тілі" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Moscow" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="мэн тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow – хауса тілі" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Moscow" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="хауса тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Moskva" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mokekao" title="Mokekao – гавайи тілі" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Mokekao" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="гавайи тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%94" title="מוסקבה – иврит тілі" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מוסקבה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B" title="मास्को – хинди тілі" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मास्को" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Moscow" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="таңдаулы мақалалар"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva – хорват тілі" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Moskva" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорват тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskwa" title="Moskwa – жоғарғы лужица тілі" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Moskwa" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="жоғарғы лужица тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskou" title="Moskou – гаити тілі" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Moskou" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="гаити тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moszkva" title="Moszkva – венгр тілі" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Moszkva" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгр тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%BE%D5%A1" title="Մոսկվա – армян тілі" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մոսկվա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армян тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1" title="Մոսկուա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Մոսկուա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscova" title="Moscova – интерлингва тілі" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Moscova" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskow" title="Moskow – индонезия тілі" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Moskow" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезия тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscva" title="Moscva – интерлингве тілі" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Moscva" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="интерлингве тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow – илоко тілі" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Moscow" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="илоко тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Москва – ингуш тілі" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Москва" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ингуш тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva – идо тілі" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Moskva" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva – исланд тілі" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Moskva" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исланд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosca_(Russia)" title="Mosca (Russia) – итальян тілі" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mosca (Russia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итальян тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%92%A8%E1%94%85%E1%91%AF" title="ᒨᔅᑯ – инуктитут тілі" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᒨᔅᑯ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="инуктитут тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A2%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AF" title="モスクワ – жапон тілі" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="モスクワ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="жапон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masko" title="Masko – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Masko" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/moskovas" title="moskovas – ложбан тілі" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="moskovas" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ложбан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskou" title="Moskou – ява тілі" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Moskou" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ява тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="მოსკოვი – грузин тілі" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მოსკოვი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Moskva" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musku" title="Musku – кабил тілі" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Musku" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="кабил тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%B7%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%83" title="Мэзкуу – кабардин тілі" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Мэзкуу" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="кабардин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%94s%C9%A9k%CA%8A%CA%8A" title="Mɔsɩkʊʊ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Mɔsɩkʊʊ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%CC%B1si%CC%B1kwo" title="Ma̱si̱kwo – тьяп тілі" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Ma̱si̱kwo" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="тьяп тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Moskva" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskow" title="Moskow – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Moskow" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow – кикуйю тілі" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Moscow" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="кикуйю тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%BC" title="ម៉ូស្គូ – кхмер тілі" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ម៉ូស្គូ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="кхмер тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8B" title="ಮಾಸ್ಕೋ – каннада тілі" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಾಸ್ಕೋ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EC%8A%A4%ED%81%AC%EB%B0%94" title="모스크바 – корей тілі" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="모스크바" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корей тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%A7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Мӧсква – коми-пермяк тілі" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Мӧсква" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="коми-пермяк тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Маскау – қарашай-балқар тілі" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Маскау" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="қарашай-балқар тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88" title="ماسکو – кашмир тілі" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ماسکو" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="кашмир тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosko" title="Mosko – күрд тілі" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Mosko" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="күрд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%A7%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B0" title="Мӧскуа – коми тілі" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Мӧскуа" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="коми тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva – корн тілі" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Moskva" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="корн тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Москва – қырғыз тілі" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Москва" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="қырғыз тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscua" title="Moscua – латын тілі" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Moscua" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosku" title="Mosku – ладино тілі" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Mosku" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ладино тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskau" title="Moskau – люксембург тілі" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Moskau" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксембург тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2" title="Москав – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Москав" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Москва – лезгин тілі" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Москва" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="лезгин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscva" title="Moscva – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Moscva" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moosko" title="Moosko – ганда тілі" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Moosko" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ганда тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskou" title="Moskou – лимбург тілі" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Moskou" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лимбург тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosca_(%C3%A7itt%C3%A6)" title="Mosca (çittæ) – лигур тілі" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Mosca (çittæ)" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="лигур тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="жақсы мақалалар"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscau" title="Moscau – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Moscau" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musca_(R%C3%BCssia)" title="Musca (Rüssia) – Ломбард" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Musca (Rüssia)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Ломбард" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosk%C3%BA" title="Moskú – лингала тілі" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Moskú" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="лингала тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%AA%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%81" title="ມອສໂກ – лаос тілі" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ມອສໂກ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="лаос тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maskva" title="Maskva – литва тілі" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Maskva" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литва тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskova" title="Moskova – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Moskova" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maskava" title="Maskava – латыш тілі" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Maskava" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латыш тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B" title="मस्को – майтхили тілі" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="मस्को" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="майтхили тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Моску – мокша тілі" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Моску" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="мокша тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B4sikao" title="Môsikao – малагаси тілі" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Môsikao" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малагаси тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Моско – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Моско" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohikau" title="Mohikau – маори тілі" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Mohikau" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="маори тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskow" title="Moskow – минангкабау тілі" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Moskow" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="минангкабау тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Москва – македон тілі" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Москва" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B" title="മോസ്കോ – малаялам тілі" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മോസ്കോ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="таңдаулы мақалалар"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Москва – моңғол тілі" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Москва" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="моңғол тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B" title="मॉस्को – маратхи тілі" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मॉस्को" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратхи тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Москва – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Москва" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow – малай тілі" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Moscow" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moska" title="Moska – мальта тілі" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Moska" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="мальта тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscobo" title="Moscobo – миранд тілі" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Moscobo" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="миранд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="မော်စကိုမြို့ – бирма тілі" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မော်စကိုမြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирма тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Москов ош – эрзя тілі" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Москов ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="эрзя тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88" title="موسکو – мазандеран тілі" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="موسکو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="мазандеран тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosca" title="Mosca – неаполитан тілі" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Mosca" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="неаполитан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskau" title="Moskau – төменгі неміс тілі" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Moskau" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="төменгі неміс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskou" title="Moskou – төменгі саксон тілі" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Moskou" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="төменгі саксон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B" title="मस्को – непал тілі" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मस्को" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="непал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B" title="मस्को – невар тілі" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मस्को" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="невар тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskou" title="Moskou – нидерланд тілі" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Moskou" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерланд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva – норвегиялық нюнорск тілі" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Moskva" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="норвегиялық нюнорск тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva – норвегиялық букмол тілі" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Moskva" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвегиялық букмол тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Moskva" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscou" title="Moscou – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Moscou" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow – солтүстік сото тілі" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Moscow" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="солтүстік сото тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halzhin_Deezl%C3%ADn%C3%AD" title="Halzhin Deezlíní – навахо тілі" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Halzhin Deezlíní" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="навахо тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow – ньянджа тілі" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Moscow" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="ньянджа тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosc%C3%B2u" title="Moscòu – окситан тілі" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Moscòu" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskovu" title="Moskovu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Moskovu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mooskoo" title="Mooskoo – оромо тілі" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Mooskoo" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="оромо тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8B" title="ମସ୍କୋ – ория тілі" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମସ୍କୋ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="ория тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%C3%A6%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%8B" title="Мæскуы – осетин тілі" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Мæскуы" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="осетин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B" title="ਮਾਸਕੋ – пенджаб тілі" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਾਸਕੋ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="пенджаб тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosku" title="Mosku – папьяменто тілі" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Mosku" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="папьяменто тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscou" title="Moscou – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Moscou" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Moscow" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskou" title="Moskou – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Moskou" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskwa" title="Moskwa – поляк тілі" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Moskwa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="поляк тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosca" title="Mosca – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Mosca" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88" title="ماسکو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ماسکو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%87%CE%B1" title="Μόσχα – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Μόσχα" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88" title="مسکو – пушту тілі" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مسکو" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пушту тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscovo" title="Moscovo – португал тілі" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Moscovo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muskuw" title="Muskuw – кечуа тілі" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Muskuw" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscau" title="Moscau – романш тілі" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Moscau" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="романш тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscova" title="Moscova – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Moscova" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscou" title="Moscou – рунди тілі" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Moscou" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="рунди тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscova" title="Moscova – румын тілі" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Moscova" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscova" title="Moscova – арумын тілі" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Moscova" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="арумын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosche" title="Mosche – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Mosche" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Москва – орыс тілі" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Москва" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="орыс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Москва – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Москва" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="मास्कोनगरम् – санскрит тілі" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मास्कोनगरम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="санскрит тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Москва – саха тілі" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Москва" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="саха тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A" title="ᱢᱚᱥᱠᱚ – сантали тілі" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱚᱥᱠᱚ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="сантали тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosca" title="Mosca – сардин тілі" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Mosca" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="сардин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosca_(Russia)" title="Mosca (Russia) – сицилия тілі" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Mosca (Russia)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="сицилия тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow – шотланд тілі" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Moscow" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шотланд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%AA%D9%88" title="ماسڪو – синдхи тілі" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ماسڪو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="синдхи тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva – солтүстік саам тілі" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Moskva" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="солтүстік саам тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow – санго тілі" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Moscow" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="санго тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva – серб-хорват тілі" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Moskva" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="серб-хорват тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%E1%B9%A3ku" title="Muṣku – ташелхит тілі" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Muṣku" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="ташелхит тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%9C%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8A" title="මොස්කව් – сингал тілі" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මොස්කව්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="сингал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Moscow" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva – словак тілі" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Moskva" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словак тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="таңдаулы мақалалар"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva – словен тілі" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Moskva" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словен тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow – самоа тілі" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Moscow" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="самоа тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskova" title="Moskova – инари саам тілі" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Moskova" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="инари саам тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow – шона тілі" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Moscow" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="шона тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskow" title="Moskow – сомали тілі" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Moskow" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="сомали тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="жақсы мақалалар"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moska" title="Moska – албан тілі" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Moska" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Москва – серб тілі" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Москва" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="серб тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow – свати тілі" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Moscow" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="свати тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow – оңтүстік сото тілі" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Moscow" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="оңтүстік сото тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskau" title="Moskau – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Moskau" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskow" title="Moskow – сундан тілі" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Moskow" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сундан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva – швед тілі" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Moskva" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="швед тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow – суахили тілі" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Moscow" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахили тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskwa" title="Moskwa – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Moskwa" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B" title="மாஸ்கோ – тамил тілі" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மாஸ்கோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамил тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8B" title="మాస్కో – телугу тілі" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మాస్కో" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskovu" title="Moskovu – тетум тілі" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Moskovu" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="тетум тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2" title="Маскав – тәжік тілі" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Маскав" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="тәжік тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81" title="มอสโก – тай тілі" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มอสโก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskwa" title="Moskwa – түрікмен тілі" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Moskwa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="түрікмен тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosku" title="Mosku – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mosku" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%99skova" title="Məskova – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Məskova" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosekou" title="Mosekou – тонган тілі" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Mosekou" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="тонган тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosko" title="Mosko – ток-писин тілі" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Mosko" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="ток-писин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskova" title="Moskova – түрік тілі" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Moskova" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="түрік тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D3%99%D2%AF" title="Мәскәү – татар тілі" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мәскәү" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татар тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow – тумбука тілі" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Moscow" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="тумбука тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskow" title="Moskow – тви тілі" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Moskow" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="тви тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscou" title="Moscou – таити тілі" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Moscou" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="таити тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Москва – тувин тілі" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Москва" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="тувин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Муско – удмурт тілі" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Муско" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="удмурт тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%83%DB%8B%D8%A7" title="موسكۋا – ұйғыр тілі" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="موسكۋا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ұйғыр тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Москва – украин тілі" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Москва" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="таңдаулы мақалалар"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88" title="ماسکو – урду тілі" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ماسکو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva – өзбек тілі" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Moskva" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="өзбек тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosca_(R%C3%B9sia)" title="Mosca (Rùsia) – венеция тілі" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Mosca (Rùsia)" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="венеция тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskv" title="Moskv – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Moskv" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva – вьетнам тілі" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Moskva" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнам тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskou" title="Moskou – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Moskou" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva – волапюк тілі" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Moskva" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="волапюк тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscou" title="Moscou – валлон тілі" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Moscou" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="валлон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow – варай тілі" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Moscow" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosku" title="Mosku – волоф тілі" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Mosku" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="волоф тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91" title="莫斯科 – қытай тілі (У)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="莫斯科" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="қытай тілі (У)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%BB%D1%81%D0%BD" title="Москва балһсн – қалмақ тілі" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Москва балһсн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="қалмақ тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscou" title="Moscou – кхоса тілі" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Moscou" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="кхоса тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="მოსკოვი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მოსკოვი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A2" title="מאסקווע – идиш тілі" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מאסקווע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="идиш тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BB%8D%CC%81sk%C3%B2" title="Mọ́skò – йоруба тілі" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Mọ́skò" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="йоруба тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Moscow" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskou" title="Moskou – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Moskou" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91" title="莫斯科 – қытай тілі" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="莫斯科" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="қытай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91" title="莫斯科 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="莫斯科" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo%CC%8Dk-su-kho" title="Bo̍k-su-kho – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bo̍k-su-kho" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91" title="莫斯科 – кантон тілі" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="莫斯科" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMoskwa" title="IMoskwa – зулу тілі" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IMoskwa" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="зулу тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q649#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Тіларалық сілтемелерді өңдеу" class="wbc-editpage">Сілтемелерді өңдеу</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ат кеңістіктері"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83" title="Мазмұн бетін көру [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Бет</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83:%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83" rel="discussion" title="Мағлұмат бетті талқылау [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Талқылау</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Тіл нұсқасын ауыстыру" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">kk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Көріністер"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83"><span>Оқу</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83&veaction=edit" title="Бұл бетті өңдеу [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Өңдеу</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83&action=edit" title="Бұл беттің қайнар мәтінін өңдеу [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Қайнарын өңдеу</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83&action=history" title="Бұл беттін соңғы нұсқалары. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Өңделу тарихы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Құралдар" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Құралдар</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Құралдар</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">бүйірлік тақтаға жылжыту</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">жасыру</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Әрекеттер </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83"><span>Оқу</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83&veaction=edit" title="Бұл бетті өңдеу [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Өңдеу</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83&action=edit" title="Бұл беттің қайнар мәтінін өңдеу [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Қайнарын өңдеу</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83&action=history"><span>Өңделу тарихы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Жалпы </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%9C%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80/%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83" title="Мұнда сілтейтін барлық бет тізімі [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Мұнда сілтейтін беттер</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%96%D2%A3_%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96/%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83" rel="nofollow" title="Осы жерден сілтенген беттердің жуықтағы өзгерістері [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Қатысты өзгерістер</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Барлық арнайы беттер тізімі [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Арнайы беттер</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83&oldid=3303670" title="Мына беттің осы нұсқасының тұрақты сілтемесі"><span>Тұрақты сілтеме</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83&action=info" title="Бұл бет туралы көбірек мәлімет"><span>Бет ақпараты</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:CiteThisPage&page=%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83&id=3303670&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Бұл беттен қалай дәйексөз алуға болатыны туралы мәлімет"><span>Беттен дәйексөз алу</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fkk.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%259C%25D3%2599%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B5%25D1%2583"><span>URL мекенжайын қысқарту</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fkk.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%259C%25D3%2599%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B5%25D1%2583"><span>QR код жүктеу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Баспа/экспорт </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF ретінде жүктеп алу</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="Бұл беттің басып шығаруға арналған нұсқасы [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Басып шығару нұсқасы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Басқа жобаларда </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" hreflang="en"><span>Ортаққор</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q649" title="Сілтеме дерек қойма данасымен байланысқан [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Уикидерек элементі</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Көрініс"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Көрініс</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">бүйірлік тақтаға жылжыту</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">жасыру</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Уикипедия — ашық энциклопедиясынан алынған мәлімет</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="kk" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox vcard" cellspacing="2" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; font-size: 100%; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Ресей">Ресей</a> астанасы, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%A3%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Федералдық маңызы бар қала (мұндай бет жоқ)">федералдық маңызы бар қала</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="fn org" style="text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background:#cddeff">Мәскеу</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="nickname" style="text-align:center; font-style: oblique;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Орыс тілі">орыс.</a> <span lang="ru"><i>Москва</i></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:MSK_Collage_2015.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/MSK_Collage_2015.png/290px-MSK_Collage_2015.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="406" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/MSK_Collage_2015.png/435px-MSK_Collage_2015.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/MSK_Collage_2015.png/580px-MSK_Collage_2015.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1400" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <table style="background:inherit;width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Flag_of_Moscow,_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ту"><img alt="Ту" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Moscow%2C_Russia.svg/175px-Flag_of_Moscow%2C_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Moscow%2C_Russia.svg/263px-Flag_of_Moscow%2C_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Moscow%2C_Russia.svg/350px-Flag_of_Moscow%2C_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="356" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Coat_of_arms_of_Moscow.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Елтаңбасы"><img alt="Елтаңбасы" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Coat_of_arms_of_Moscow.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Moscow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Coat_of_arms_of_Moscow.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Moscow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Coat_of_arms_of_Moscow.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Moscow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="558" data-file-height="663" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:transparent;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мәскеу туы (мұндай бет жоқ)">Ту</a> </td> <td style="background:transparent;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мәскеу елтаңбасы (мұндай бет жоқ)">Елтаңбасы</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#cddeff">Әкімшілігі</th></tr><tr><th style=""><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB" title="Ел">Ел</a></th><td class="" style=""> <p><span class="nowrap" data-sort-value="Ресей"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Ресей"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Ресей"><span class="wrap">Ресей</span></a></span><span class="adr" style="display:none;"><span class="country-name">Ресей</span></span> </p> </td></tr><tr><th style=""><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%96%D2%A3_%D3%99%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%88%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA-%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D2%9B%D2%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%8B" title="Ресейдің әкімшілік-аумақтық құрылымы">Федерация субъектiсі</a></th><td class="" style=""> <p><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Мәскеу</a> </p> </td></tr><tr><th style="">Ішкі бөлінісі</th><td class="" style=""> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%96%D2%A3_%D3%99%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%88%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA-%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B1%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мәскеудің әкімшілік-аумақтық бөлінісі (мұндай бет жоқ)">12 әкімшілік округ (125 аудан, 2 қалалық округ, 19 елді мекен)</a> </p> </td></tr><tr><th style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83_%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мескеу мэрі (мұндай бет жоқ)">Мэрі</a></th><td class="" style=""> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сергей Семёнович Собянин (мұндай бет жоқ)">Сергей Собянин</a> </p> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#cddeff">Тарихы мен географиясы</th></tr><tr><th style=""><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Географиялық координаттар">Координаттары</a></th><td class="" style=""> <p><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=kk&pagename=%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83&params=55_45_21_N_37_37_04_E_scale:100000"><span class="geo-geo-dms"><span class="geo-dms"><span class="geo-dms" title="Осы жердің әртүрлі карталары мен сызбалары"><span class="latitude">55°45′21″ с. е.</span> <span class="longitude">37°37′04″ ш. б.</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-dec"><span class="geo-dec" title="Осы жердің әртүрлі карталары мен сызбалары">55.75583° с. е. 37.61778° ш. б.</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">55.75583; 37.61778</span></span></span></span></a> <sup class="geo-google noprint" title="Бұл жер Google картасында"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//maps.google.com/maps?ll=55.75583,37.61778&q=55.75583,37.61778&spn=0.1,0.1&t=h&hl=kk">(G)</a></sup> <sup class="geo-osm noprint" title="Бұл жер OpenStreetMap картасында"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=55.75583&mlon=37.61778&zoom=12">(O)</a></sup> <sup class="geo-yandex noprint" title="Бұл жер Яндекс.Картах"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//yandex.ru/maps/?ll=37.61778,55.75583&pt=37.61778,55.75583&spn=0.1,0.1&l=sat,skl">(Я)</a></sup></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Географиялық координаттар">Координаттар</a>: <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=kk&pagename=%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83&params=55_45_21_N_37_37_04_E_scale:100000"><span class="geo-geo-dms"><span class="geo-dms"><span class="geo-dms" title="Осы жердің әртүрлі карталары мен сызбалары"><span class="latitude">55°45′21″ с. е.</span> <span class="longitude">37°37′04″ ш. б.</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-dec"><span class="geo-dec" title="Осы жердің әртүрлі карталары мен сызбалары">55.75583° с. е. 37.61778° ш. б.</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">55.75583; 37.61778</span></span></span></span></a> <sup class="geo-google noprint" title="Бұл жер Google картасында"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//maps.google.com/maps?ll=55.75583,37.61778&q=55.75583,37.61778&spn=0.1,0.1&t=h&hl=kk">(G)</a></sup> <sup class="geo-osm noprint" title="Бұл жер OpenStreetMap картасында"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=55.75583&mlon=37.61778&zoom=12">(O)</a></sup> <sup class="geo-yandex noprint" title="Бұл жер Яндекс.Картах"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//yandex.ru/maps/?ll=37.61778,55.75583&pt=37.61778,55.75583&spn=0.1,0.1&l=sat,skl">(Я)</a></sup></span></span></span> </p> </td></tr><tr><th style="">Алғашқы дерек</th><td class="" style=""> <p><a href="/wiki/1147_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1147 жыл">1147 жыл</a> </p> </td></tr><tr><th style=""><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Ресей">Ресей</a> астанасы</th><td class="" style=""> <p><a href="/wiki/1478_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1478 жыл">1478 жылы</a> </p> </td></tr><tr><th style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%A3%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Федералдық маңызы бар қала (мұндай бет жоқ)">Федералдық маңызы бар қала</a></th><td class="" style=""> <p><a href="/wiki/1993_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1993 жыл">1993 жыл</a> </p> </td></tr><tr><th style="">Жер аумағы</th><td class="" style=""> <p>2561,5<sup id="cite_ref-Mos2013_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mos2013-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> км² </p> </td></tr><tr><th style=""><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D2%A3i%D0%B7_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D2%A3%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9i%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%96" title="Теңiз деңгейiнен биіктігі">Орталығының биiктігі</a></th><td class="" style=""> <p>118—255 м </p> </td></tr><tr><th style=""><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Климат">Климаты</a></th><td class="" style=""> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Континенттік климат">континенттік</a> </p> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#cddeff">Тұрғындары</th></tr><tr><th style="">Тұрғыны</th><td class="" style=""> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="color: #0c0; font-size: larger;">▲</span> 12 678 079 адам (2020)</span> </p> </td></tr><tr><th style="">Тығыздығы</th><td class="" style=""> <p>4949,47 адам/км² </p> </td></tr><tr><th style="">Агломерация</th><td class="" style=""> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;">15 512 000</span> адам<sup id="cite_ref-World_Gazetteer:_Russia_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Gazetteer:_Russia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr><tr><th style="">Ұлттық құрамы</th><td class="" style=""> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Орыстар">орыстар</a> (91,65 %), <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Украиндар">украиндар</a> (1,42 %), <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Татарлар">татарлар</a> (1,38 %), <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Армяндар">армяндар</a> (0,98 %), <a href="/wiki/%D3%98%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Әзербайжандар">әзербайжандар</a> (0,53 %), <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Еврейлер">еврейлер</a> (0,49 %)<sup id="cite_ref-demoscope.ru_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demoscope.ru-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr><tr><th style="">Конфессиялар</th><td class="" style=""> <p>христиандар, мұсылмандар, иудейлер, буддисттер және басқалары </p> </td></tr><tr><th style=""><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Этнохороним">Этнохороним</a></th><td class="" style=""> <p>мәскеулік, мәскеуліктер </p> </td></tr><tr><th style="">Ресми тілі</th><td class="" style=""> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Орыс тілі">орыс</a> </p> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#cddeff">Сандық идентификаторлары</th></tr><tr><th style=""><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%BD%D3%A9%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%83_%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Телефонды нөмірлеу жоспары">Телефон коды</a></th><td class="" style=""> <p>+7 495, 499 </p> </td></tr><tr><th style=""><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%96" title="Пошта индексі">Пошта индекстері</a></th><td class="" style=""> <p>101000—135999 </p> </td></tr><tr><th style=""><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BD%D3%A9%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Автомобиль нөмірлері">Автомобиль коды</a></th><td class="" style=""> <p>77, 97, 99, 177, 197, 199 </p> </td></tr><tr><th style=""><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%A2%D0%9E" title="ОКАТО">ОКАТО коды</a></th><td class="" style=""> <p>45 </p> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#cddeff">Басқалары</th></tr><tr><th style="">Марапаттары</th><td class="" style=""> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D2%A3%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Кеңес Одағының Батыры"><img alt="Кеңес Одағының Батыры" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%97%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%B0.svg/20px-%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%97%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%B0.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%97%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%B0.svg/30px-%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%97%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%B0.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%97%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%B0.svg/40px-%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%97%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%B0.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="93" data-file-height="177" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Ленин ордені"><img alt="Ленин ордені" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Leninorder.jpg/32px-Leninorder.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Leninorder.jpg/48px-Leninorder.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Leninorder.jpg/64px-Leninorder.jpg 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="159" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Ленин ордені"><img alt="Ленин ордені" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Leninorder.jpg/32px-Leninorder.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Leninorder.jpg/48px-Leninorder.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Leninorder.jpg/64px-Leninorder.jpg 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="159" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%82%D3%A9%D2%A3%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81%D1%96_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Қазан төңкерісі ордені"><img alt="Қазан төңкерісі ордені" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Order_of_the_October_Revolution.svg/45px-Order_of_the_October_Revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Order_of_the_October_Revolution.svg/68px-Order_of_the_October_Revolution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Order_of_the_October_Revolution.svg/90px-Order_of_the_October_Revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="333" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; padding-top:.2em; border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;"> <p><span style="word-break:break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mos.ru">mos.ru</a></span><br /> <span style="margin-left:-0.25em;"> <span class="ref-info" title="орыс тілінде" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:#888;">(орыс.)</span> <span class="ref-info" title="ағылшын тілінде" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:#888;">(ағыл.)</span></span> </p> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; padding: 0 1px 1px 0;"><div class="location-map" style="width:290px; ;;margin:0 auto"><div class=""><div class="thumbimage" style="overflow:hidden;max-width:100%;width:290px;position:relative; ;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Russia_edcp_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Мәскеу картада"><img alt="Мәскеу картада" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Russia_edcp_location_map.svg/290px-Russia_edcp_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Russia_edcp_location_map.svg/435px-Russia_edcp_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Russia_edcp_location_map.svg/580px-Russia_edcp_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="637" /></a></span><div style="font-size:88%;line-height:1.2em;position:absolute;z-index:2;left:11.752492865724%;top:39.438477112058%"><div style="position:relative;float:left;left:-4px;top:-4px;line-height:0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Мәскеу"><img alt="Мәскеу" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Red_pog.png/9px-Red_pog.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Red_pog.png/14px-Red_pog.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Red_pog.png/18px-Red_pog.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;width:156px;top:-0.5em;text-align:left;left:6.5px"><span style="background:none;padding:0 2px">Мәскеу</span></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"><div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;"><div class="NavHead" style="font-weight:bold; background:transparent; text-align:center; height:5px;">Мәскеу шекарасы </div> <div class="NavContent" style="font-weight:normal; background-color:transparent; text-align:left; ; display:none;"> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 300px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="200" data-overlays="["_738f0a2a48d1017d5cb380ed9615d46135162028"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,a,a,a,300x200.png?lang=kk&domain=kk.wikipedia.org&title=%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83&revid=3303670&groups=_738f0a2a48d1017d5cb380ed9615d46135162028" width="300" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,a,a,a,300x200@2x.png?lang=kk&domain=kk.wikipedia.org&title=%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83&revid=3303670&groups=_738f0a2a48d1017d5cb380ed9615d46135162028 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="metadata" style="text-align:center; background:#cddeff; font-weight: bold;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D2%9B%D2%9B%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Ортаққор">Ортаққордағы</a> санаты: <b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Moscow?uselang=kk">Мәскеу</a></b></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div style="font-size:90%"><i><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Disambig_gray.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/22px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/33px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/44px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span> Басқа мағыналар үшін <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83_(%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D1%8B%D2%9B)" class="mw-disambig" title="Мәскеу (айрық)">Мәскеу (айрық)</a> деген бетті қараңыз.</i></div> <p><b>Мәскеу</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Орыс тілі">орыс.</a> <span lang="ru"><i>Москва́</i></span>, (<span class="unicode audiolink"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Ru-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0.oga" class="internal" title="Ru-Москва.oga">айтылуы</a></span> <span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Ru-Moskva.ogg" title="Сурет:Ru-Moskva.ogg">ақп.</a>)</small></span>)) — <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Ресей">Ресей Федерациясының</a> астанасы. Ресейдің еуропа бөлігінің ортасында, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83_%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мәскеу өзені (мұндай бет жоқ)">Мәскеу өзенінің</a> жағасында орналасқан. Жер аумағы 1000 км<sup>2</sup>. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Климат">Климаты</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%9A%D0%BE%D2%A3%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Қоңыржай континент (мұндай бет жоқ)">қоңыржай континенттік</a>. Орташа температура қаңтарда –10,2 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C2%B0C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="°C (мұндай бет жоқ)">°C</a>, шілдеде 18,1 °C; жылдық жауын-шашын мөлшері 600 мм-ге жуық. Мәскеу – дүние жүзіндегі ең ірі қалалардың бірі. Халқы 11,5 млн (2011). Мәскеу – 13 – 14 ғасырларда <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Владимир Суздаль (мұндай бет жоқ)">Владимир Суздаль</a> ұлы кінәздіктерінің, 15 ғасырдың соңғы ширегінен 1712 жылға дейін бір орталыққа бағынған орыс мемлекетінің, 1918 жылы наурыздан – 1922 жылдың желтоқсанға дейін <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D2%A3%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Ресей Кеңестік Федерациялық Социалистік Республикасы">РКФСР</a>-дің, 1922 жылы желтоқсаннан – 1992 жылға дейін <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D2%A3%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B" title="Кеңестік Социалистік Республикалар Одағы">КСРО</a>-ның астанасы болды. Мәскеу аумағындағы алғашқы қоныстар б.з.б. 2-мыңжылдықта пайда болды. 10 – 11 ғасырларда мұнда шығыс <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Славяндар">славян</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Тайпа">тайпасы</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Вятичтер (мұндай бет жоқ)">вятичтер</a> қалашығы орналасты. Шежіре деректерінде 1147-жылдан ұшырасады.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Moscow.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Moscow.gif/220px-Moscow.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Moscow.gif/330px-Moscow.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Moscow.gif 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></a><figcaption>Ескі Мәскеу қаласының картасы</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Map_of_Moscow_1784.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Map_of_Moscow_1784.jpg/220px-Map_of_Moscow_1784.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Map_of_Moscow_1784.jpg/330px-Map_of_Moscow_1784.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Map_of_Moscow_1784.jpg/440px-Map_of_Moscow_1784.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="551" /></a><figcaption><b>Мәскеу қаласының картасы</b> 1784 жылы</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Moscow_satellite_image.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Moscow_satellite_image.jpeg/220px-Moscow_satellite_image.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Moscow_satellite_image.jpeg/330px-Moscow_satellite_image.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Moscow_satellite_image.jpeg/440px-Moscow_satellite_image.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><b>Мәскеу қаласының жер серігінен қарағандағы көрінісі</b></figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Халқы"><span id=".D0.A5.D0.B0.D0.BB.D2.9B.D1.8B"></span>Халқы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Халқы" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Халқы"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Ұлт өкілдері </th> <th>Саны, адам (барлығы — 11 млн)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Пайызбен </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Орыстар">Орыстар</a> </th> <td>9 930 410 </td> <td>91,65% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Украиндар">Украиндар</a> </th> <td>154 104 </td> <td>1,42% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Татарлар">Татарлар</a> </th> <td>149 043 </td> <td>1,38% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Армяндар">Армяндар</a> </th> <td>106 466 </td> <td>0,98% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%D3%98%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Әзербайжандар">Әзербайжандар</a> </th> <td>57 123 </td> <td>0,53% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Еврейлер">Еврейлер</a> </th> <td>53 142 </td> <td>0,49% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Беларустар">Белорустар</a> </th> <td>39 225 </td> <td>0,36% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Грузиндер">Грузиндер</a> </th> <td>38 934 </td> <td>0,36% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Қазақтар">Қазақтар</a> </th> <td>9 393 </td> <td>0,09% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Басқа ұлттар </td> <td>668 409 </td> <td>5,81% </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Population_Development_Moscow.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Мәскеу қаласының туу туралы статиктикасы (1350-2009)"><img alt="Мәскеу қаласының туу туралы статиктикасы (1350-2009)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Population_Development_Moscow.png/500px-Population_Development_Moscow.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="375" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Population_Development_Moscow.png/750px-Population_Development_Moscow.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Population_Development_Moscow.png/1000px-Population_Development_Moscow.png 2x" data-file-width="1201" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Мәскеу қаласының туу туралы статиктикасы (1350-2009)</figcaption></figure> <center><b>Мәскеу қаласының туу туралы статиктикасы (1350-2009)</b></center> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Тарихы"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.85.D1.8B"></span>Тарихы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Тарихы" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Тарихы"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Мәскеу (Ресей империясы) 1908 жылы</b> (Бейнекөрініс) </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Moscow_clad_in_snow_-_Moscou_sur_la_neige_-_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5_-_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83_%281908%29%2C_noaudio.ogv/300px--Moscow_clad_in_snow_-_Moscou_sur_la_neige_-_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5_-_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83_%281908%29%2C_noaudio.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="300" height="225" data-durationhint="450" data-mwtitle="Moscow_clad_in_snow_-_Moscou_sur_la_neige_-_Москва_в_снежном_убранстве_-_Москва_в_снегу_(1908),_noaudio.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Moscow_clad_in_snow_-_Moscou_sur_la_neige_-_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5_-_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83_%281908%29%2C_noaudio.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-width="512" data-height="384" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/Moscow_clad_in_snow_-_Moscou_sur_la_neige_-_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5_-_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83_%281908%29%2C_noaudio.ogv/Moscow_clad_in_snow_-_Moscou_sur_la_neige_-_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5_-_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83_%281908%29%2C_noaudio.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/Moscow_clad_in_snow_-_Moscou_sur_la_neige_-_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5_-_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83_%281908%29%2C_noaudio.ogv/Moscow_clad_in_snow_-_Moscou_sur_la_neige_-_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5_-_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83_%281908%29%2C_noaudio.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/Moscow_clad_in_snow_-_Moscou_sur_la_neige_-_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5_-_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83_%281908%29%2C_noaudio.ogv/Moscow_clad_in_snow_-_Moscou_sur_la_neige_-_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5_-_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83_%281908%29%2C_noaudio.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMoscow_clad_in_snow_-_Moscou_sur_la_neige_-_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5_-_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83_%281908%29%2C_noaudio.ogv&lang=fr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fr" label="français ‪(fr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Мәскеу жөніндегі ең алғашқы дерек <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ипатьев (мұндай бет жоқ)">Ипатьев</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Жылнама">жылнамасында</a> кездеседі. 1147 жылғы сәуірдегі жазбада князь <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Юрий Долгорукий (мұндай бет жоқ)">Юрий Долгорукийдің</a> Чернигов-Северск князі Святослав Ольговичті өз мекеніне, “<i>Московқа</i>” кеңес өткізу үшін шақырғаны баяндалады. Осы жыл (1147) Мәскеудің (Москваның) іргесі қаланған мерзім болып есептеледі. Мәскеудің өсуіне, жетекші рөл атқаруына оның тұрған жері (орыс халқының қалыптасуына ықпал еткен орталық, сауда жолдарының торабы) себеп болды. 15 – 16 ғасырларда Мәскеу саудамен, қолөнермен айналысатын ірі қалаға айналып, біртіндеп бүкіл орыс жерінің мәдени орталығы бола бастады. Кремль, Покров соборы (Василий Блаженный), т. б. салынды. Мәскеуде орыстың кітап басу өнері дами бастады. 1607-12 жылы поляк-литван <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Интервент">интервенттері</a> Мәскеуді басып алды. Оларға қарсы К.Минин мен Д.Пожарский бастаған азаттық күрес орыс халқының жеңісімен аяқталды. Бірте-бірте Мәскеу бүкіл ресейлік нарықтық орталыққа айналып, <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Еуропа">Еуропа</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Азия">Азия</a> көпестерінің назарын аударды. 1678 жылы славян-грек-латын академиясы ашылды. Мәскеу тұрғындары И.Болотников бастаған шаруалар соғысына, 17 ғасырдағы көтерілістерге (1648 жылы “<i>Тұз бүлігі</i>”, 1662 жылы – “<i>Мыс бүлігі</i>”, 1682 жылы “<i>Хованщина</i>”) белсене қатысты. </p> <ul><li>Мәскеу 19 ғасыр мен 20 ғасырдың бас кезінде <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ресейдегі революция (мұндай бет жоқ)">Ресейдегі революция</a> күрестің басты орталықтарының бірі болды.</li> <li>1935 жылы 10-шілдеде Кеңес үкіметі Мәскеуді көркейтудің бас жоспарын қабылдау жөнінде арнайы қаулы шығарды, сол жылы <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Метро">метро</a> пайдалануға берілді.</li> <li>1941 жылы Мәскеу түбінде неміс-<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Фашист (мұндай бет жоқ)">фашист</a> әскерлеріне алғаш күйрете соққы берілді. (қала Мәскеу шайқасы).</li> <li>1945 жылы 24 маусымда Мәскеудегі <a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%A3" title="Қызыл алаң">Қызыл алаңда</a> жеңіс шеруі болып өтті.</li> <li>1947 жылы Мәскеудің 800 жылдық, 1997 жылы 850 жылдық мерейтойлары атап өтілді.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Экономикасы"><span id=".D0.AD.D0.BA.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.BE.D0.BC.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.8B"></span>Экономикасы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Экономикасы" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Экономикасы"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1712 жылы <a href="/wiki/%D0%86_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="І Петр">Петр І</a> астананы <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Санкт-Петербург">Санкт-Петербургке</a> көшіргеннен кейін де Мәскеу ірі экономикалық мәдени орталық болып қала берді, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Ресей">Ресейдің</a> екінші астанасының рөлін атқарды. Мәскеуде 1702 жылы Ресейлік тұңғыш театр, 1703 жылы газет (“<i>Ведомости</i>”), 1755 жылы университет ашылды. 1918 жылы 12 наурызда <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D2%A3%D0%B5%D1%81_%D2%AF%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%96" title="Кеңес үкіметі">Кеңес үкіметінің</a> астанасы <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Санкт-Петербург">Петроградтан</a> Мәскеуге көшірілді. Мәскеу кеңес экономикасының орталықна айналып, қала халқы жедел өсті. Мәскеудегі <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Кремль">Кремльдің</a> іргетасы 11 ғасырдан қалана бастап, дүниежүзілік сәулет өнерінің қайталанбас ескерткішіне айналды. Кремльде 20 мұнара бар, олар негізінен 1485 – 1495 жылы салынды. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Спасск (мұндай бет жоқ)">Спасск</a> мұнарасына 1625 жылы Кремль куранттары, 1937 жылы Спасск, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA_(%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B)" title="Троицк (Челябинск облысы)">Троицк</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Никольск (мұндай бет жоқ)">Никольск</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Боровицк (мұндай бет жоқ)">Боровицк</a> мұнараларына асыл минералдардан бесжұлдыздар орнатылды. Мәскеудегі негізгі алаң – Қызыл алаң. Жылнамалардағы жазу бойынша Қызыл алаң 15 ғасырдың соңына қарай сауда алаңы ретінде пайда болған (16 ғасырда Троицк алаңы, ал 17 ғасырдан Қызыл алаң). Қызыл алаңда <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%98%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Владимир Ильич Ленин">В.И. Лениннің</a> мазары, Белгісіз жауынгердің зираты, Мәңгі алау орналасқан. Мәскеуде әр түрлі тарихи кезеңдерде тек Ресей мәдениеті ғана емес, дүниежүзілік мәдениетке елеулі үлес қосқан әйгілі ақындар мен жазушылар, ғалымдар, суретшілер, сазгерлер, әртістер, т.б. өнер адамдары өмір сүріп, шығармашылық қызметпен айналысты. 1980 жылы жазда Мәскеуде <a href="/wiki/1980_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="1980 жылғы Жазғы Олимпиада ойындары">22-Олимпиадалық ойындар</a> өтті. Мәскеу – көлік торабы әрі <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Еуропа">Еуропадағы</a> аса ірі әуе жолдары тораптарының бірі. Мәскеуден 11 бағытқа темір жол тарайды, мұнда үлкен өзен порты орналасқан. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Внуково (мұндай бет жоқ)">Внуково</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Домодедова (мұндай бет жоқ)">Домодедова</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Быково (мұндай бет жоқ)">Быково</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Шереметьево (мұндай бет жоқ)">Шереметьево</a> әуежайлары жұмыс істейді. 80-нен аса жоғарғы оқу орындары мен 70-ке жуық түрлі мұражайлар бар. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Moscow_pano.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Moscow_pano.jpg/1100px-Moscow_pano.jpg" decoding="async" width="1100" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Moscow_pano.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="417" /></a><figcaption><center><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83_%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мәскеу өзені (мұндай бет жоқ)">Мәскеу өзенінен</a> көрініс. Сол жағында — <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Богдан Хмельницкий">Богдан Хмельницкий</a> көпірі, Ортасында — Еуропа Алаңы және Киевский вокзалы, артқы көрісте — салынып жатқан «Москва-Сити» Мәскеу халықаралық іскерлік орталығы, оң жағында — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%80%D1%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Бородинский көпірі (мұндай бет жоқ)">Бородинский көпірі</a> және Смоленский метрокөпір, артқы көріністе — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D2%AE%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D2%A3_%D2%AE%D0%B9%D1%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ресей Федерациясының Үкіметінің Үйі (мұндай бет жоқ)">Ресей Федерациясының Үкіметінің Үйі</a> (2006 жыл)</center></figcaption></figure> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right:auto; width:100%; max-width:808px;"> <div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Panorama_of_Moscow_Kremlin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Мәскеу Кремльдің панорамасы: Кремль жағалауларының көрінісі. Фотосуретте мұнаралар (солдан оңға қарай): Боровицкая, Водовзводная, Благовещенская, Тайницкая, Бірінші атаусыз, Екінші атаусыз, Петровская, Беклемишевская бейнеленген. Қабырғалардың үстінде Үлкен Кремль сарайы, Архангел соборының күмбездері және Ұлы Иванның қоңырау мұнарасы көтеріледі."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Panorama_of_Moscow_Kremlin.jpg/800px-Panorama_of_Moscow_Kremlin.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="341" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Panorama_of_Moscow_Kremlin.jpg/1200px-Panorama_of_Moscow_Kremlin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Panorama_of_Moscow_Kremlin.jpg/1600px-Panorama_of_Moscow_Kremlin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4464" data-file-height="1904" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Panorama_of_Moscow_Kremlin.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Magnify-clip.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="11" /></a></span></div><center><small>Мәскеу Кремльдің панорамасы: Кремль жағалауларының көрінісі.<br />Фотосуретте мұнаралар (солдан оңға қарай): Боровицкая, Водовзводная, Благовещенская, Тайницкая, Бірінші атаусыз, Екінші атаусыз, Петровская, Беклемишевская бейнеленген.<br />Қабырғалардың үстінде Үлкен Кремль сарайы, Архангел соборының күмбездері және Ұлы Иванның қоңырау мұнарасы көтеріледі.</small></center></div> </div></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right:auto; width:100%; max-width:868px;"> <div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Moscow_July_2011-49.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Moscow_July_2011-49.jpg/860px-Moscow_July_2011-49.jpg" decoding="async" width="860" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Moscow_July_2011-49.jpg/1290px-Moscow_July_2011-49.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Moscow_July_2011-49.jpg/1720px-Moscow_July_2011-49.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8730" data-file-height="2927" /></a></span></div> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Қазақстан_мен_Мәскеу_қарым_қатынастары"><span id=".D2.9A.D0.B0.D0.B7.D0.B0.D2.9B.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BD_.D0.BC.D0.B5.D0.BD_.D0.9C.D3.99.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.B5.D1.83_.D2.9B.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.8B.D0.BC_.D2.9B.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.8B.D0.BD.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.8B"></span>Қазақстан мен Мәскеу қарым қатынастары</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Қазақстан мен Мәскеу қарым қатынастары" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Қазақстан мен Мәскеу қарым қатынастары"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>19 – 20 ғасырларда Мәскеу мен <a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Қазақтар">қазақ</a> елі арасында кең көлемді мәдени, ғылыми, экономикалық қарым-қатынастар орнады. Әр жылдары <a href="/wiki/%D2%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D2%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Ғани Мұратбаев">Ғани Мұратбаев</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A0%D1%8B%D1%81%D2%9B%D2%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Тұрар Рысқұлов">Тұрар Рысқұлов</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D2%B1%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D2%B1%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D3%98%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Мұхтар Омарханұлы Әуезов">Мұхтар Әуезов</a>, т.б. қазақ халқының айтулы азаматтары Мәскеуде тұрып, жұмыс істеді. Қазақ өнері мен ғылымының көрнекті өкілдері Мәскеуде оқып, білім алды. 1936 жылы Мәскеуде қазақ әдебиеті мен өнерінің алғашқы онкүндігі өткізілді. 2-дүниежүзілік соғыс жылдарында <a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Қазақстан">Қазақстанда</a> Мәскеуден көшіріліп әкелінген көптеген кәсіпорындар жұмыс істеді. Мәскеу ғалымдары мен өнер қайраткерлері (“<i>Мосфильм</i>” киностудиясының қызметкерлері) соғыс жылдары <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Алматы">Алматыда</a> тұрып, еңбектенді. 1942 жылы <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эвакуация">эвакуациямен</a> келген “<i>Мосфильм</i>” мен “<i>Ленфильм</i>” киностудиялары Алматы көркемфильмдер киностудиясымен қосылып, 1944 жылға дейін біріккен Орталық киностудия (ЦОКС) деген атпен жұмыс істеді. С.Эйзенштейн, Ю.Я. Райзман, Г.Л. Рошаль, В.И. Пудовкин, Д.Вертов сынды кеңес кино өнерінің майталмандары қазақ шеберлерімен шығармашылық бірлікте болды. Мәскеуден көшіріліп келген ғылыми мекемелер мен академиялфп <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Вернадский (мұндай бет жоқ)">И. П. Вернадский</a>, А.Обручев, А.И. Понкратова, А.Скочинский, т.б. ғалымдар соғыс жылдарында Қазақстанда жұмыс істеді. Қазіргі таңда қалада 8,5 мыңнан аса (1989) қазақтар тұрады. Мәскеуде Қазақстан елшілігі, Мәскеу қазақтарының ұлттық орталығы жұмыс істейді. Мәскеу <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Астана">Астана</a> және <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Алматы">Алматы</a> қалаларымен экономикалық, мәдени тығыз байланыстар орнатқан. Қаладағы жоғарғы оқу орындарында көптеген қазақ жастары білім алуда. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Дереккөздер"><span id=".D0.94.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BA.D0.BA.D3.A9.D0.B7.D0.B4.D0.B5.D1.80"></span>Дереккөздер</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Дереккөздер" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Дереккөздер"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Mos2013-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Mos2013_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://moscow.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/moscow/resources/0464cf0048d9d677b368f3f7eaa5adf2/Москва_2013.pdf">Москва в 2000-2013 гг.: Краткий статистический справочник/ Мосгорстат- М., 2014. - 74 с.</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/9785904548117" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-5-904548-11-7</a> с.8  <span class="ref-info" title="орыс тілінде" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:#888;">(орыс.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-World_Gazetteer:_Russia-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-World_Gazetteer:_Russia_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf">Demographia. World Urban Areas & Population Projections. 8th Annual Edition April 2012 Demographia. World Urban Areas & Population Projections. 8th Annual Edition April 2012</a>  <span class="ref-info" title="ағылшын тілінде" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:#888;">(ағыл.)</span>.  Demographia.com. <small>Тексерілді, 2 шілде 2012.</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-demoscope.ru-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-demoscope.ru_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demoscope.ru/weekly/2007/0271/tema01.php">Перепись 2002 года показала изменение национального состава населения Москвы</a>.  «Демоскоп» — Электронная версия бюллетеня «Население и общество». Институт демографии Государственного университета — Высшей школы экономики. <small>Тексерілді, 13 қаңтар 2009.</small></span>  <span class="ref-info" title="орыс тілінде" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:#888;">(орыс.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Ордабасы": Энциклопедия.- Шымкент:"Ордабасы".2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://moscow.gks.ru/perepis2010/perepis2010Doc/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB_5_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0.xls">Приложения к итогам ВПН 2010 ж. в городе Москве</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ambox_wikify.svg/40px-Ambox_wikify.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ambox_wikify.svg/60px-Ambox_wikify.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ambox_wikify.svg/80px-Ambox_wikify.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><span class="mbox-text-span"><b>Бұл мақаланы Уикипедия <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%96%D2%A3_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B3%D1%96_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%96" title="Уикипедия:Уикидің негізгі синтаксисі">сапа талаптарына</a> лайықты болуы үшін <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83" title="Уикипедия:Уикилендіру">уикилендіру</a> қажет.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><span style="float:left;text-align:left;width:5em;margin-right:0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96:%D0%95%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Бұл үлгіні қарау"><img alt="Бұл үлгіні қарау" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Magnifying_glass_icon.svg/14px-Magnifying_glass_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Magnifying_glass_icon.svg/21px-Magnifying_glass_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Magnifying_glass_icon.svg/28px-Magnifying_glass_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="490" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B:%D0%95%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Бұл үлгіні талқылау"><img alt="Бұл үлгіні талқылау" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg/14px-Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg/21px-Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg/28px-Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96:%D0%95%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B&action=edit" title="Бұл үлгіні өңдеу"><img alt="Бұл үлгіні өңдеу" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Template_alt_full_black_22.svg/16px-Template_alt_full_black_22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Template_alt_full_black_22.svg/24px-Template_alt_full_black_22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Template_alt_full_black_22.svg/32px-Template_alt_full_black_22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></span><div style="font-size:114%"><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Еуропа">Еуропа</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Елорда">елордалары</a></div></th></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%99%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%96_%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%9B" title="Тәуелді аймақ">Тәуелді аймақтар</a> және <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B6%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Мойындалмаған және жартылай мойындалған мемлекеттер">жартылай мойындалған елдер</a> <i>көлбеу жазумен</i> белгіленген</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="navbox-columns-table" style="text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style=""><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81_%D0%95%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Батыс Еуропа">Батыс Еуропа</a></b></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D2%A3%D1%82%D2%AF%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%95%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Оңтүстік Еуропа">Оңтүстік Еуропа</a></b></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D2%AF%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%95%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Солтүстік Еуропа">Солтүстік Еуропа</a></b></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%81_%D0%95%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Шығыс Еуропа">Шығыс Еуропа</a></b></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="padding:0px;;;;width:20%;"><div> <p>• <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Амстердам">Амстердам</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Нидерланд">Нидерланд</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%BB%D0%B0-%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F" title="Андорра-ла-Велья">Андорра-ла-Велья</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Андорра">Андорра</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Берлин">Берлин</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия">Германия</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Берн">Берн</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Швейцария">Швейцария</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Брюссель">Брюссель</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бельгия">Бельгия</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81" title="Вадус">Вадуц</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Лихтенштейн">Лихтенштейн</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Вена">Вена</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Аустрия">Аустрия</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Дублин">Дублин</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ирландия">Ирландия</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81_(%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B)" title="Дуглас (Мэн аралы)">Дуглас</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Мэн аралы">Мэн аралы</a></i><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лондон">Лондон</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D2%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ұлыбритания">Ұлыбритания</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_(%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0)" title="Люксембург (қала)">Люксембург</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Люксембург">Люксембург</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6" title="Париж">Париж</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция">Франция</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80-%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Сент-Питер-Порт">Сент-Питер-Порт</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Гернси">Гернси</a></i><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82-%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Сент-Хелиер">Сент-Хелиер</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8_(%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB)" title="Джерси (арал)">Джерси</a></i><br /> </p> </div></td><td style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:20%;"><div> <p>• <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Анкара">Анкара</a></b>, Түркия<sup>1</sup><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Афина">Афина</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Грекия">Грекия</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Белград">Белград</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сербия">Сербия</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Валлетта">Валлетта</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Мальта">Мальта</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ватикан">Ватикан</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ватикан">Ватикан</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Гибралтар">Гибралтар</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Гибралтар">Гибралтар</a></i><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1" title="Загреб">Загреб</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Хорватия">Хорватия</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лиссабон">Лиссабон</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Португалия">Португалия</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Любляна">Любляна</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Словения">Словения</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Мадрид">Мадрид</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Испания">Испания</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE_(%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0)" title="Монако (қала)">Монако</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Монако">Монако</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Никосия">Никосия</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80" title="Кипр">Кипр</a><sup>2</sup><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Подгорица">Подгорица</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Черногория">Черногория</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Приштина">Приштина</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Косово">Косово</a></i><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Рим">Рим</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Италия">Италия</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE_(%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0)" title="Сан-Марино (қала)">Сан-Марино</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Сан-Марино">Сан-Марино</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Сараево">Сараево</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B6%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Босния және Герцеговина">Босния және Герцеговина</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8C%D0%B5" title="Скопье">Скопье</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D2%AF%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Солтүстік Македония">Солтүстік Македония</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Никосия">Солтүстік Никосия</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D2%AF%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80_%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Солтүстік Кипр Түрік Республикасы">Солтүстік Кипр</a></i><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Тирана">Тирана</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Албания">Албания</a><br /> </p> </div></td><td style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:20%;"><div> <p>• <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8E%D1%81" title="Вильнюс">Вильнюс</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Литва">Литва</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Копенгаген">Копенгаген</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Дания">Дания</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Лонгйир">Лонгйир</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Шпицберген">Шпицберген</a></i><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BD" title="Мариехамн">Мариехамн</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Аланд аралдары">Аланд аралдары</a></i><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло">Осло</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Норвегия">Норвегия</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Рейкьявик">Рейкьявик</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Исландия">Исландия</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Рига">Рига</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Латвия">Латвия</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC" title="Стокгольм">Стокгольм</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Швеция">Швеция</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Таллин">Таллин</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эстония">Эстония</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD" title="Торшгавн">Торсшавн</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Фарер аралдары">Фарер аралдары</a></i><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Хельсинки">Хельсинки</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Финляндия">Финляндия</a><br /> </p> </div></td><td style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:20%;"><div> <p>• <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Астана">Астана</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Қазақстан">Қазақстан</a><sup>1</sup><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Баку">Баку</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D3%98%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Әзербайжан">Әзербайжан</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Братислава">Братислава</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Словакия">Словакия</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%82" title="Будапешт">Будапешт</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Мажарстан">Мажарстан</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Бухарест">Бухарест</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Румыния">Румыния</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Варшава">Варшава</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Польша">Польша</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ереван">Ереван</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Армения">Армения</a><sup>2</sup><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Киев">Киев</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Украина">Украина</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Кишинев">Кишинев</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Молдова">Молдова</a><br /> • <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Мәскеу</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Ресей">Ресей</a><sup>1</sup><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Минск">Минск</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Беларусь">Беларусь</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Прага">Прага</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия">Чехия</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="София">София</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Болгария">Болгария</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Степанакерт">Степанакерт</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D2%9B_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Таулы Қарабақ Республикасы">Таулы Қарабақ Республикасы</a></i><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Сухум">Сухум</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Абхазия">Абхазия</a></i><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Тбилиси">Тбилиси</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Грузия">Грузия</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Тирасполь">Тирасполь</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Транснистрия">Транснистрия</a></i><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Цхинвал">Цхинвал</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D2%A3%D1%82%D2%AF%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Оңтүстік Осетия">Оңтүстік Осетия</a></i><br /> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em 0 0.3em; line-height:1.3em;"><div><sup>1</sup>Трансқұрлықтық мемлекеттер, <sup>2</sup>толықтай <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D2%A3%D1%82%D2%AF%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA-%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Оңтүстік-Батыс Азия">Оңтүстік-Батыс Азияда</a>, бірақ Еуропамен саяси-әлеуметтік байланысы тығыз.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><span style="float:left;text-align:left;width:5em;margin-right:0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96:%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Бұл үлгіні қарау"><img alt="Бұл үлгіні қарау" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Magnifying_glass_icon.svg/14px-Magnifying_glass_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Magnifying_glass_icon.svg/21px-Magnifying_glass_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Magnifying_glass_icon.svg/28px-Magnifying_glass_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="490" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B:%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Бұл үлгіні талқылау"><img alt="Бұл үлгіні талқылау" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg/14px-Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg/21px-Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg/28px-Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96:%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B&action=edit" title="Бұл үлгіні өңдеу"><img alt="Бұл үлгіні өңдеу" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Template_alt_full_black_22.svg/16px-Template_alt_full_black_22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Template_alt_full_black_22.svg/24px-Template_alt_full_black_22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Template_alt_full_black_22.svg/32px-Template_alt_full_black_22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></span><div style="font-size:114%"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Азия">Азия</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Елорда">елордалары</a></div></th></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%99%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%96_%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%9B" title="Тәуелді аймақ">Тәуелді аймақтар</a> және <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B6%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Мойындалмаған және жартылай мойындалған мемлекеттер">жартылай мойындалған елдер</a> <i>көлбеу жазумен</i> белгіленген</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="navbox-columns-table" style="text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style=""><b>Солтүстік және Орталық Азия</b></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;"><b>Оңтүстік Азия</b></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;"><b>Оңтүстік-Шығыс Азия</b></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;"><b>Батыс және Оңтүстік-Батыс Азия</b></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="padding:0px;;;;width:20%;"><div> <p>• <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Астана">Астана</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Қазақстан">Қазақстан</a>*<br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%88%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Ашхабад">Ашхабад</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Түрікменстан">Түрікменстан</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Бішкек">Бішкек</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Қырғызстан">Қырғызстан</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5" title="Душанбе">Душанбе</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%99%D0%B6%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тәжікстан">Тәжікстан</a><br /> • <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Мәскеу</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Ресей">Ресей</a>*<br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Ташкент">Ташкент</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D3%A8%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Өзбекстан">Өзбекстан</a><br /> </p> <div style="background:#dcdcfe; text-align:center;"><b>Шығыс Азия</b></div> <p>• <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B6%D1%96%D2%A3" title="Бейжің">Бейжің</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Қытай">Қытай</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Гонконг">Гонконг</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Гонконг">Гонконг</a></i>, (<a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Қытай">Қытай</a>)<br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Макао">Макао</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Макао">Макао</a></i>, (<a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Қытай">Қытай</a>)<br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Пхеньян">Пхеньян</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D2%AF%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Солтүстік Корея">Солтүстік Корея</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Сеул">Сеул</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Корея Республикасы">Корея Республикасы</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B1%D1%8D%D0%B9" title="Тайбэй">Тайбэй</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Қытай Республикасы">Тайвань</a></i><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Токио">Токио</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Жапония">Жапония</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D2%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Ұланбатыр">Ұланбатыр</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D2%A3%D2%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Моңғолия">Моңғолия</a><br /> </p> </div></td><td style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:20%;"><div> <p>• <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Дакка">Дакка</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Бангладеш">Бангладеш</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE-%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Диего-Гарсия">Диего-Гарсия</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96_%D0%BC%D2%B1%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B" title="Үнді мұхитындағы Британия аймағы">ҮМБТ</a></i>, (<a href="/wiki/%D2%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ұлыбритания">Ұлыбритания</a>)<br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Исламабад">Исламабад</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D3%99%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Пәкістан">Пәкістан</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Кабул">Кабул</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ауғанстан">Ауғанстан</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Катманду">Катманду</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Непал">Непал</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Мале">Мале</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Мальдив Республикасы">Мальдивтер</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Нью-Дели">Нью-Дели</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Үндістан">Үндістан</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%85%D1%83" title="Тхимпху">Тхимпху</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Бутан">Бутан</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%80%D0%B8-%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Шри-Джаяварденепура-Котте">Шри-Джаяварденепура-Котте</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%80%D0%B8-%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Шри-Ланка">Шри-Ланка</a><br /> </p> </div></td><td style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:20%;"><div> <p>• <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8-%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Бандар-Сери-Бегаван">Бандар-Сери-Бегаван</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Бруней">Бруней</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Бангкок">Бангкок</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Тайланд">Тайланд</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Вьентьян">Вьентьян</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Лаос">Лаос</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Джакарта">Джакарта</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индонезия">Индонезия</a>*<br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Дили">Дили</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%81_%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Шығыс Тимор">Шығыс Тимор</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0-%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80" title="Куала-Лумпур">Куала-Лумпур</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Малайзия">Малайзия</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Манила">Манила</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Филиппин">Филиппин</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BF%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Нейпьидо">Нейпьидо</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Мьянма">Мьянма</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Пномпень">Пномпень</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Камбоджа">Камбоджа</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80" title="Сингапур">Сингапур</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80" title="Сингапур">Сингапур</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%82-%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Уэст-Айленд">Уэст-Айленд</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81_(%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3)_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Кокос (Килинг) аралдары">Кокос аралдары</a></i>, (<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Аустралия">Аустралия</a>)<br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3-%D0%A4%D0%B8%D1%88-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%B2" title="Флайинг-Фиш-Коув">Флайинг-Фиш-Коув</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Кристмас аралы">Кристмас аралы</a></i>, (<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Аустралия">Аустралия</a>)<br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Ханой">Ханой</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вьетнам">Вьетнам</a><br /> </p> </div></td><td style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:20%;"><div> <p>• <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%83-%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Абу-Даби">Абу-Даби</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D3%98%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Біріккен Араб Әмірліктері">БАӘ</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Амман">Амман</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Иордания">Иордания</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Анкара">Анкара</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Түркия">Түркия</a>*<br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Бағдат">Бағдат</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Ирак">Ирак</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Баку">Баку</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D3%98%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Әзербайжан">Әзербайжан</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D1%83%D1%82" title="Бейрут">Бейрут</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ливан">Ливан</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Дамаск">Дамаск</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сирия">Сирия</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D2%BB%D0%B0" title="Доһа">Доһа</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Қатар">Қатар</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ереван">Ереван</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Армения">Армения</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Иерусалим">Иерусалим</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Израиль">Израиль</a> <b>†</b><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Каир">Каир</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Мысыр">Мысыр</a>*<br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Манама">Манама</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Бахрейн">Бахрейн</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Маскат">Маскат</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Оман">Оман</a><br /> </p> </div></td><td style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:20%;"><div> <p>• <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Никосия">Никосия</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80" title="Кипр">Кипр</a>*<br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Рамалла">Рамалла</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Палестина">Палестина</a></i> <b>†</b><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0)" title="Сана (қала)">Сана</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%99%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Йемен">Йемен</a>*<br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Никосия">Солтүстік Никосия</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D2%AF%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80_%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Солтүстік Кипр Түрік Республикасы">Солтүстік Кипр</a></i><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Ханкенди">Степанакерт</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D2%9B_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Таулы Қарабақ Республикасы">Таулы Қарабақ Республикасы</a></i><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Сухум">Сухум</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Абхазия">Абхазия</a></i><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Тбилиси">Тбилиси</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Грузия">Грузия</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тегеран">Тегеран</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран">Иран</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Цхинвал">Цхинвал</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D2%A3%D1%82%D2%AF%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Оңтүстік Осетия">Оңтүстік Осетия</a></i><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82" title="Эль-Кувейт">Эль-Кувейт</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82" title="Кувейт">Кувейт</a><br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8" title="Эпископи">Эпископи</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Акротири мен Декелия">Акротири мен Декелия</a></i>, (<a href="/wiki/%D2%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ұлыбритания">Ұлыбритания</a>)<br /> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80-%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B4" title="Эр-Рияд">Эр-Рияд</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B4_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Сауд Арабиясы">Сауд Арабиясы</a><br /> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em 0 0.3em; line-height:1.3em;"><div><b>*</b>Трансқұрлықтық мемлекеттер.<br /><b>†</b> Иерусалим қаласы Израильдың да, Палестинаның да астанасы болып табылады. Тель-Авив — Израильдың халықаралық түрде мойындалған астанасы; <br />Рамалла Палестина автономиясының әкімшілік орны болып табылады.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><span style="float:left;width:6em;margin-right:0.6em"> </span><div style="font-size:114%"><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Жазғы Олимпиада ойындары">Жазғы Олимпиада ойындары</a> астаналары</div></th></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1%;padding:0px 7px 0px 0px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/80px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/120px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/160px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="158" /></a></span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;text-align: center;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div class="NavContent"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%9E%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_1896" class="mw-redirect" title="Жазғы Олимпиадалық Ойындар 1896">1896</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Афина">Афина</a> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%9E%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_1900" class="mw-redirect" title="Жазғы Олимпиадалық Ойындар 1900">1900</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6" title="Париж">Париж</a> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%9E%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_1904" class="mw-redirect" title="Жазғы Олимпиадалық Ойындар 1904">1904</a>:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82-%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сент-Луис (мұндай бет жоқ)">Сент-Луис</a> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%9E%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_1908" class="mw-redirect" title="Жазғы Олимпиадалық Ойындар 1908">1908</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лондон">Лондон</a> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%9E%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_1912" class="mw-redirect" title="Жазғы Олимпиадалық Ойындар 1912">1912</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC" title="Стокгольм">Стокгольм</a> • <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%9E%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_1916&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Жазғы Олимпиадалық Ойындар 1916 (мұндай бет жоқ)">1916</a>:</b> <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Берлин">Берлин</a></i> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%9E%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_1920" class="mw-redirect" title="Жазғы Олимпиадалық Ойындар 1920">1920</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Антверпен">Антверпен</a> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%9E%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_1924" class="mw-redirect" title="Жазғы Олимпиадалық Ойындар 1924">1924</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6" title="Париж">Париж</a> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%9E%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_1928" class="mw-redirect" title="Жазғы Олимпиадалық Ойындар 1928">1928</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Амстердам">Амстердам</a> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%9E%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_1932" class="mw-redirect" title="Жазғы Олимпиадалық Ойындар 1932">1932</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%81-%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Лос-Анжелес">Лос-Анжелес</a> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%9E%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_1936" class="mw-redirect" title="Жазғы Олимпиадалық Ойындар 1936">1936</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Берлин">Берлин</a> • <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%9E%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_1940&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Жазғы Олимпиадалық Ойындар 1940 (мұндай бет жоқ)">1940</a>:</b> <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Токио">Токио</a></i> • <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%9E%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_1944&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Жазғы Олимпиадалық Ойындар 1944 (мұндай бет жоқ)">1944</a>:</b> <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лондон">Лондон</a></i> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%9E%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_1948" class="mw-redirect" title="Жазғы Олимпиадалық Ойындар 1948">1948</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лондон">Лондон</a> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%9E%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_1952" class="mw-redirect" title="Жазғы Олимпиадалық Ойындар 1952">1952</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Хельсинки">Хельсинки</a> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%9E%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_1956" class="mw-redirect" title="Жазғы Олимпиадалық Ойындар 1956">1956</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Мельбурн">Мельбурн</a> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%9E%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_1960" class="mw-redirect" title="Жазғы Олимпиадалық Ойындар 1960">1960</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Рим">Рим</a> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%9E%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_1964" class="mw-redirect" title="Жазғы Олимпиадалық Ойындар 1964">1964</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Токио">Токио</a> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%9E%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_1968" class="mw-redirect" title="Жазғы Олимпиадалық Ойындар 1968">1968</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Мехико">Мехико</a> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%9E%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_1972" class="mw-redirect" title="Жазғы Олимпиадалық Ойындар 1972">1972</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Мюнхен">Мюнхен</a> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%9E%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_1976" class="mw-redirect" title="Жазғы Олимпиадалық Ойындар 1976">1976</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Монреаль">Монреаль</a> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%9E%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_1980" class="mw-redirect" title="Жазғы Олимпиадалық Ойындар 1980">1980</a>:</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Мәскеу</a> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%9E%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_1984" class="mw-redirect" title="Жазғы Олимпиадалық Ойындар 1984">1984</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%81-%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Лос-Анджелес">Лос-Анджелес</a> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%9E%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_1988" class="mw-redirect" title="Жазғы Олимпиадалық Ойындар 1988">1988</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Сеул">Сеул</a> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%9E%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_1992" class="mw-redirect" title="Жазғы Олимпиадалық Ойындар 1992">1992</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Барселона">Барселона</a> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%9E%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_1996" class="mw-redirect" title="Жазғы Олимпиадалық Ойындар 1996">1996</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Атланта">Атланта</a> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%9E%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="Жазғы Олимпиадалық Ойындар 2000">2000</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Сидней">Сидней</a> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%9E%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="Жазғы Олимпиадалық Ойындар 2004">2004</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Афина">Афина</a> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%9E%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Жазғы Олимпиадалық Ойындар 2008">2008</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B6%D1%96%D2%A3" title="Бейжің">Бейжің</a> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%9E%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="Жазғы Олимпиадалық Ойындар 2012">2012</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лондон">Лондон</a> • <i><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%9E%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="Жазғы Олимпиадалық Ойындар 2016">2016</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BE-%D0%B4%D0%B5-%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Рио-де-Жанейро">Рио-де-Жанейро</a></i> </p> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">«<a dir="ltr" href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Мәскеу&oldid=3303670">https://kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Мәскеу&oldid=3303670</a>» бетінен алынған</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Арнайы:Санаттар">Санаттар</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%9A%D0%B5%D2%A3%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Санат:Кеңес Одағының батырлары">Кеңес Одағының батырлары</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Санат:Ленин орденімен марапатталған қалалар">Ленин орденімен марапатталған қалалар</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%82%D3%A9%D2%A3%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81%D1%96_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Санат:Қазан төңкерісі орденімен марапатталған қалалар (мұндай бет жоқ)">Қазан төңкерісі орденімен марапатталған қалалар</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%96_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Санат:Алфавит бойынша елді мекендер">Алфавит бойынша елді мекендер</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Санат:Жазғы Олимпиада ойындары астаналары">Жазғы Олимпиада ойындары астаналары</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83" title="Санат:Мәскеу">Мәскеу</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%95%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Санат:Еуропа елордалары">Еуропа елордалары</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Санат:Азия елордалары">Азия елордалары</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%96%D2%A3_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Санат:Ресейдің миллионер қалалары (мұндай бет жоқ)">Ресейдің миллионер қалалары</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%96%D2%A3_%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%A3%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Санат:Ресейдің федералдық маңызы бар қалалары (мұндай бет жоқ)">Ресейдің федералдық маңызы бар қалалары</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:Pages_using_the_Kartographer_extension&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Санат:Pages using the Kartographer extension (мұндай бет жоқ)">Pages using the Kartographer extension</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Жасырын санат: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:ISBN_%D1%81%D0%B8%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96_%D2%9B%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BB%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Санат:ISBN сиқырлы сілтемелері қолданылған беттер">ISBN сиқырлы сілтемелері қолданылған беттер</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%96_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Санат:Уикилендіруі қажет мақалалар">Уикилендіруі қажет мақалалар</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Бұл беттің соңғы рет өзгертілген кезі: 2024 ж. сәуірдің 1, 07:42.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Мәтін <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike лицензиясы</a> аясында қолжетімді; қосымша шарттар қолданылуы мүмкін. Бұл сайтты қолдану арқылы <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Қолдану шарты</a> және <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Құпиялық саясатымен</a> келісесіз. Wikipedia® <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a> коммерциялық емес ұйымының тіркелген сауда маркасы.<br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Құпиялық саясаты</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B">Уикипедия туралы</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%96%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83">Жауапкершіліктен бас тарту</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Тәртіп кодексі</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Әзірлеушілер</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/kk.wikipedia.org">Статистикалар</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie мәлімдемесі</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//kk.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Мобильді көрініс</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6df7948d6c-rjp5s","wgBackendResponseTime":187,"wgKartographerLiveData":{"_738f0a2a48d1017d5cb380ed9615d46135162028":[{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoshape?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q649","properties":{"stroke-width":2,"stroke":"#ff0000","title":"Мәскеу"}}]},"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.367","walltime":"0.532","ppvisitednodes":{"value":7452,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":195399,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":58859,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":33,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":7,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":4702,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 342.970 1 -total"," 56.41% 193.478 1 Үлгі:Елді_мекен-Ресей"," 55.15% 189.150 1 Үлгі:Елді_мекен"," 52.49% 180.034 1 Үлгі:Инфобокс"," 20.01% 68.644 201 Үлгі:Str_left"," 16.15% 55.386 2 Үлгі:Wide_image"," 14.28% 48.965 2 Үлгі:Str_sub"," 12.57% 43.098 2 Үлгі:Str_find"," 11.74% 40.279 2 Үлгі:Str_find/logic"," 9.81% 33.648 1 Үлгі:Елді_мекен/ПозКарта"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.031","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":1576591,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-7f58d5dcf5-pqmwk","timestamp":"20241108204607","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u041c\u04d9\u0441\u043a\u0435\u0443","url":"https:\/\/kk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q649","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q649","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-04-20T08:26:28Z","dateModified":"2024-04-01T02:42:50Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/24\/MSK_Collage_2015.png"}</script> </body> </html>