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<span>Career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filmmaking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmmaking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Filmmaking</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Filmmaking-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Filmmaking subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Filmmaking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Influences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Influences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Style_and_themes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Style_and_themes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Style and themes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Style_and_themes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collaborators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collaborators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Collaborators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collaborators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trivia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trivia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Trivia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trivia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filmography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Filmography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_nominations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_nominations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Awards and nominations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_nominations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Wes Craven</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 60 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-60" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">60 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%86" title="ويس كرافن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ويس كرافن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes_Craven" title="Wes Craven – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Wes Craven" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes_Craven" title="Wes Craven – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Wes Craven" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ues_Kreyven" title="Ues Kreyven – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ues Kreyven" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B3_%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="وس کریون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="وس کریون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%8D%D1%81_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Уэс Крэйвен – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Уэс Крэйвен" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Уес Крейвън – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уес Крейвън" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes_Craven" title="Wes Craven – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Wes Craven" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes_Craven" title="Wes Craven – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Wes Craven" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes_Craven" title="Wes Craven – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Wes Craven" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes_Craven" title="Wes Craven – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Wes Craven" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes_Craven" title="Wes Craven – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wes Craven" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%9A%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%B5%CE%BD" title="Γουές Κρέιβεν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γουές Κρέιβεν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes_Craven" title="Wes Craven – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Wes Craven" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes_Craven" title="Wes Craven – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Wes Craven" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B3_%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="وس کریون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وس کریون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes_Craven" title="Wes Craven – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Wes Craven" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes_Craven" title="Wes Craven – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Wes Craven" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes_Craven" title="Wes Craven – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Wes Craven" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%8A%A4_%ED%81%AC%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%EB%B8%90" title="웨스 크레이븐 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="웨스 크레이븐" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%82%D5%A5%D5%BD_%D5%94%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Ուես Քրեյվեն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ուես Քրեյվեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes_Craven" title="Wes Craven – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Wes Craven" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes_Craven" title="Wes Craven – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wes Craven" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes_Craven" title="Wes Craven – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Wes Craven" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes_Craven" title="Wes Craven – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Wes Craven" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%91%D7%9F" title="וס קרייבן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="וס קרייבן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes_Craven" title="Wes Craven – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wes Craven" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="უეს კრეივენი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="უეს კრეივენი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes_Craven" title="Wes Craven – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Wes Craven" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vess_Kreivens" title="Vess Kreivens – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vess Kreivens" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes_Craven" title="Wes Craven – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Wes Craven" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes_Craven" title="Wes Craven – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Wes Craven" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes_Craven" title="Wes Craven – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Wes Craven" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes_Craven" title="Wes Craven – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Wes Craven" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BB" title="വെസ് ക്രെയ്‌വൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വെസ് ക്രെയ്‌വൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%86" title="ويس كرافن – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ويس كرافن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes_Craven" title="Wes Craven – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wes Craven" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B4%E3%83%B3" title="ウェス・クレイヴン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウェス・クレイヴン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes_Craven" title="Wes Craven – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Wes Craven" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes_Craven" title="Wes Craven – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wes Craven" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes_Craven" title="Wes Craven – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Wes Craven" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes_Craven" title="Wes Craven – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Wes Craven" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%A3%D1%8D%D1%81" title="Крэйвен, Уэс – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Крэйвен, Уэс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes_Craven" title="Wes Craven – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Wes Craven" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes_Craven" title="Wes Craven – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Wes Craven" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes_Craven" title="Wes Craven – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Wes Craven" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A4%D9%86" title="ویس کراڤن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ویس کراڤن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Вес Крејвен – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вес Крејвен" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes_Craven" title="Wes Craven – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Wes Craven" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes_Craven" title="Wes Craven – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Wes Craven" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes_Craven" title="Wes Craven – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Wes Craven" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American filmmaker (1939–2015)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Wes Craven</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Wes_Craven_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Wes_Craven_2010.jpg/220px-Wes_Craven_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Wes_Craven_2010.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="257" data-file-height="376" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Craven in 2010</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Wesley Earl Craven</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1939-08-02</span>)</span>August 2, 1939<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Cleveland,_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleveland, Ohio">Cleveland, Ohio</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">August 30, 2015<span style="display:none">(2015-08-30)</span> (aged 76)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles, California">Los Angeles, California</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label">Lambert's Cove Cemetery <br /><a href="/wiki/West_Tisbury,_Massachusetts" title="West Tisbury, Massachusetts">West Tisbury, Massachusetts</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Abe Snake</li> <li>Guru of Gore</li> <li>Master of Horror</li> <li>Sultan of Shock</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wheaton_College_(Illinois)" title="Wheaton College (Illinois)">Wheaton College</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Film director</li> <li>screenwriter</li> <li>producer</li> <li>actor</li> <li>editor</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1968–2015</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Nightmare_on_Elm_Street_(franchise)" title="A Nightmare on Elm Street (franchise)"><i>A Nightmare on Elm Street</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scream_(franchise)" title="Scream (franchise)"><i>Scream</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_People_Under_the_Stairs" title="The People Under the Stairs">The People Under the Stairs</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hills_Have_Eyes_(1977_film)" title="The Hills Have Eyes (1977 film)"><i>The Hills Have Eyes</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_House_on_the_Left" title="The Last House on the Left">The Last House on the Left</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Eye_(2005_American_film)" title="Red Eye (2005 American film)"><i>Red Eye</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Heart" title="Music of the Heart">Music of the Heart</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swamp_Thing_(1982_film)" title="Swamp Thing (1982 film)"><i>Swamp Thing</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Serpent_and_the_Rainbow_(film)" title="The Serpent and the Rainbow (film)"><i>The Serpent and the Rainbow</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vampire_In_Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Vampire In Brooklyn">Vampire In Brooklyn</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Bonnie Broecker</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1964; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1969)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Mimi Craven</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1984; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1987)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Iya Labunka</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 2004)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2, including <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Craven" title="Jonathan Craven">Jonathan</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_Wes_Craven.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Signature_of_Wes_Craven.png/150px-Signature_of_Wes_Craven.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Signature_of_Wes_Craven.png/225px-Signature_of_Wes_Craven.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Signature_of_Wes_Craven.png/300px-Signature_of_Wes_Craven.png 2x" data-file-width="372" data-file-height="177" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Wesley Earl Craven</b> (August 2, 1939 – August 30, 2015) was an American film director, screenwriter and producer. Amongst his <a href="/wiki/Wes_Craven_filmography" title="Wes Craven filmography">prolific filmography</a>, Craven worked primarily in the <a href="/wiki/Horror_film" title="Horror film">horror genre</a>, particularly <a href="/wiki/Slasher_film" title="Slasher film">slasher films</a>, where he mixed horror cliches with humor.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-independent.co.uk_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent.co.uk-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Craven has been recognized as one of the masters of the horror genre.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Craven created the <a href="/wiki/A_Nightmare_on_Elm_Street_(franchise)" title="A Nightmare on Elm Street (franchise)"><i>A Nightmare on Elm Street</i> franchise</a> (1984–present), writing and directing <a href="/wiki/A_Nightmare_on_Elm_Street_(1984_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984 film)">the first film</a>, co-writing and producing the third, <i><a href="/wiki/A_Nightmare_on_Elm_Street_3:_Dream_Warriors" title="A Nightmare on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors">A Nightmare on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors</a></i> (1987), and writing and directing the seventh, <i><a href="/wiki/Wes_Craven%27s_New_Nightmare" title="Wes Craven's New Nightmare">Wes Craven's New Nightmare</a></i> (1994). He directed the first four films in the <a href="/wiki/Scream_(franchise)" title="Scream (franchise)"><i>Scream</i> franchise</a> (1996–2011). He directed cult classics <i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_House_on_the_Left" title="The Last House on the Left">The Last House on the Left</a></i> (1972) and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hills_Have_Eyes_(1977_film)" title="The Hills Have Eyes (1977 film)">The Hills Have Eyes</a></i> (1977), the horror comedy <i><a href="/wiki/The_People_Under_the_Stairs" title="The People Under the Stairs">The People Under the Stairs</a></i> (1991), and psychological thriller <i><a href="/wiki/Red_Eye_(2005_American_film)" title="Red Eye (2005 American film)">Red Eye</a></i> (2005). His other notable films include <i><a href="/wiki/Swamp_Thing_(1982_film)" title="Swamp Thing (1982 film)">Swamp Thing</a></i> (1982), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Serpent_and_the_Rainbow_(film)" title="The Serpent and the Rainbow (film)">The Serpent and the Rainbow</a></i> (1988), <i><a href="/wiki/Shocker_(film)" title="Shocker (film)">Shocker</a></i> (1989), <i><a href="/wiki/Vampire_in_Brooklyn" title="Vampire in Brooklyn">Vampire in Brooklyn</a></i> (1995), and <i><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Heart" title="Music of the Heart">Music of the Heart</a></i> (1999). </p><p>Craven received several <a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Wes_Craven" title="List of awards and nominations received by Wes Craven">accolades</a> across his career, which includes a <a href="/wiki/Scream_Awards" title="Scream Awards">Scream Award</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Sitges_Film_Festival" title="Sitges Film Festival">Sitges Film Festival Award</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Fangoria_Chainsaw_Awards" title="Fangoria Chainsaw Awards">Fangoria Chainsaw Award</a>, and nominations for a <a href="/wiki/Saturn_Awards" title="Saturn Awards">Saturn Award</a>. In 1995, he was honored by the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Science_Fiction,_Fantasy_and_Horror_Films" title="Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films">Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films</a> with the <a href="/wiki/The_Life_Career_Award" title="The Life Career Award">Life Career Award</a>, for his accomplishments in the horror genre. In 2012, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Horror_Film_Festival" title="New York City Horror Film Festival">New York City Horror Film Festival</a> awarded Craven the Lifetime Achievement Award.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 30, 2015, aged 76, Craven died of a <a href="/wiki/Brain_tumor" title="Brain tumor">brain tumor</a> at his home in Los Angeles.<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wes_Craven&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Craven was born in <a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a>, Ohio, the son of Caroline (née Miller) and Paul Eugene Craven. He was of <a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scottish</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">German</a> descent.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was raised in a strict <a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptist</a> family.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1957 to 1963 Craven earned an undergraduate degree in <a href="/wiki/English_studies" title="English studies">English</a> and <a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">psychology</a> from <a href="/wiki/Wheaton_College,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Wheaton College, Illinois">Wheaton College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>. During his senior year, he developed <a href="/wiki/Guillain%E2%80%93Barr%C3%A9_syndrome" title="Guillain–Barré syndrome">Guillain-Barré Syndrome</a> which delayed his graduation by a few months.<sup id="cite_ref-ReCollections_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReCollections-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After his recovery, Craven went on to get his master's degree in philosophy and <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Writing_Seminars" title="Johns Hopkins Writing Seminars">writing</a> from <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1964–65, Craven taught English at <a href="/wiki/Westminster_College,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Westminster College, Pennsylvania">Westminster College</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Wilmington,_Pennsylvania" title="New Wilmington, Pennsylvania">New Wilmington, Pennsylvania</a>, and was a <a href="/wiki/Humanities" title="Humanities">humanities</a> professor at Clarkson College of Technology (later named <a href="/wiki/Clarkson_University" title="Clarkson University">Clarkson University</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Potsdam,_New_York" title="Potsdam, New York">Potsdam, New York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-biography_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biography-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also taught at <a href="/wiki/Madrid-Waddington_Central_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrid-Waddington Central School">Madrid-Waddington High School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Madrid,_New_York" title="Madrid, New York">Madrid, New York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-newsday1994_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newsday1994-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this time, he purchased a used <a href="/wiki/16_mm" class="mw-redirect" title="16 mm">16 mm</a> film camera and began making short movies. His friend <a href="/wiki/Steve_Chapin" title="Steve Chapin">Steve Chapin</a> informed him of a messenger position at a New York City film production co, where his brother, future folk-rock star <a href="/wiki/Harry_Chapin" title="Harry Chapin">Harry Chapin</a> worked. Craven moved into the building where his friend Steve Chapin lived at 136 Hicks St. in Brooklyn Heights.<sup id="cite_ref-newsday1994_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newsday1994-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His first creative job in the <a href="/wiki/Film_industry" title="Film industry">film industry</a> was as a <a href="/wiki/Sound_editor_(filmmaking)" title="Sound editor (filmmaking)">sound editor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-biography_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biography-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Recalling his early training, Craven said in 1994, "Harry was a fantastic <a href="/wiki/Film_editing" title="Film editing">film editor</a> and producer of <a href="/wiki/Sponsored_film" title="Sponsored film">industrials</a>. He taught me the Chapin method [of editing]: 'Nuts and bolts! Nuts and bolts! Get rid of the shit!'" Craven afterwards became the firm's assistant manager, and broke into film editing with <i><a href="/wiki/You%27ve_Got_to_Walk_It_Like_You_Talk_It_or_You%27ll_Lose_That_Beat" title="You've Got to Walk It Like You Talk It or You'll Lose That Beat">You've Got to Walk It Like You Talk It or You'll Lose That Beat</a></i> (1971).<sup id="cite_ref-newsday1994_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newsday1994-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wes_Craven&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Craven had a letter published in the July 19, 1968, edition of <a href="/wiki/Life_(magazine)" title="Life (magazine)"><i>Life</i></a> praising the periodical's coverage of contemporary rock music and offbeat performers such as <a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa">Frank Zappa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Craven left the academic world for the more lucrative role of pornographic film director. In the documentary <i><a href="/wiki/Inside_Deep_Throat" title="Inside Deep Throat">Inside Deep Throat</a></i>, Craven says on camera he made "many hardcore X-rated films" under pseudonyms. While his role in <i><a href="/wiki/Deep_Throat_(film)" title="Deep Throat (film)">Deep Throat</a></i> is undisclosed, most of his early known work involved writing, film editing, or both.<sup id="cite_ref-NPRobit_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPRobit-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Craven's first feature film as director was <i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_House_on_the_Left_(1972_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Last House on the Left (1972 film)">The Last House on the Left</a></i>, which was released in 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-biography_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biography-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Craven expected the film to be shown at only a few theaters, which according to him "gave me a freedom to be outrageous, and to go into areas that normally I wouldn't have gone into, and not worry about my family hearing about it, or being crushed." Ultimately the movie was screened much more widely than he assumed, leaving him ostracized due to the content of the film.<sup id="cite_ref-AVCraven_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AVCraven-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the negative experience of <i>Last House</i>, Craven attempted to move out of the horror genre, and began writing non-horror films with his partner <a href="/wiki/Sean_S._Cunningham" title="Sean S. Cunningham">Sean S. Cunningham</a>, none of which attracted any financial backing. Finally, based on advice from a friend about the ease of filming in the <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a> deserts, Craven began to write a new horror film based on that locale. The resulting film, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hills_Have_Eyes_(1977_film)" title="The Hills Have Eyes (1977 film)">The Hills Have Eyes</a></i>, cemented Craven as a "horror film director" with Craven noting, "It soon became clear that I wasn't going to do anything else unless it was scary".<sup id="cite_ref-Hillsfront_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hillsfront-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Craven frequently collaborated with Sean S. Cunningham. In Craven's debut feature, <i>The Last House on the Left</i>, Cunningham served as producer. They pooled all of their resources and came up with $90,000.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Later, in Craven's best-known film, <i><a href="/wiki/A_Nightmare_on_Elm_Street" title="A Nightmare on Elm Street">A Nightmare on Elm Street</a></i> (1984), Cunningham directed one of the chase scenes, although he was not credited.<sup id="cite_ref-biography_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biography-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Craven had a hand in launching actor <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Depp" title="Johnny Depp">Johnny Depp</a>'s career by casting him in <i>A Nightmare on Elm Street</i>, Depp's first major film role.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Elm Street</i> villain <a href="/wiki/Freddy_Krueger" title="Freddy Krueger">Freddy Krueger</a> appeared with Cunningham's <a href="/wiki/Jason_Voorhees" title="Jason Voorhees">Jason Voorhees</a> in the 2003 slasher film <i><a href="/wiki/Freddy_vs._Jason" title="Freddy vs. Jason">Freddy vs. Jason</a></i>, produced by Cunningham with screenwriter <a href="/wiki/Victor_Miller_(writer)" title="Victor Miller (writer)">Victor Miller</a> credited as "Character Creator". In <a href="/wiki/The_Last_House_on_the_Left_(2009_film)" title="The Last House on the Left (2009 film)">the 2009 remake</a> of <i>The Last House on the Left</i>, Cunningham and Craven share production credits.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although known for directing horror/thriller films, he worked on two films which are outside this genre: <i><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Heart" title="Music of the Heart">Music of the Heart</a></i> (1999) and <i><a href="/wiki/Paris,_je_t%27aime" title="Paris, je t'aime">Paris, je t'aime</a></i> (2006) (as one of the 22 directors responsible for it).<sup id="cite_ref-NPRobit_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPRobit-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Craven designed the <a href="/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">Halloween</a> 2008 logo for <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was the second celebrity personality to take over the <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> homepage on Halloween.<sup id="cite_ref-Wes_Craven_Takes_Over_YouTube_for_Halloween!_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wes_Craven_Takes_Over_YouTube_for_Halloween!-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the mid-1980s, Craven worked briefly in the television industry by directing seven episodes of the 1985 reboot of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Twilight_Zone_(1985_TV_series)" title="The Twilight Zone (1985 TV series)">The Twilight Zone</a></i>, including an episode that was written by <a href="/wiki/George_R._R._Martin" title="George R. R. Martin">George R. R. Martin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Craven created <i>Coming of Rage</i>, a five-issue <a href="/wiki/Comic_book" title="Comic book">comic book</a> series, with <i><a href="/wiki/30_Days_of_Night" title="30 Days of Night">30 Days of Night</a></i> writer <a href="/wiki/Steve_Niles" title="Steve Niles">Steve Niles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-comic_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comic-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The series was released in <a href="/wiki/Digital_comics" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital comics">digital form</a> in 2014 by Liquid Comics with a print edition scheduled for an October 2015 debut.<sup id="cite_ref-comic_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comic-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filmmaking">Filmmaking</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wes_Craven&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Filmmaking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influences">Influences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wes_Craven&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Influences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Craven has cited filmmakers <a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel">Luis Buñuel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Federico Fellini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Cocteau" title="Jean Cocteau">Jean Cocteau</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Truffaut" title="François Truffaut">Francois Truffaut</a> as among his major influences.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Craven's first film, <i>The Last House on the Left</i>, was conceived as a remake of Bergman's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Virgin_Spring" title="The Virgin Spring">The Virgin Spring</a></i> (1960).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The goat in the dream sequence at the beginning of <i>A Nightmare on Elm Street</i> was included by Craven as a homage to Buñuel.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Style_and_themes">Style and themes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wes_Craven&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Style and themes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:35%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>Ideas that come out of families which are fractured or disturbed in some way are the most profoundly terrifying things to me. And I've always felt that I was on solid ground when I was making movies about families. The first real terrors happen to us in the first five years of our lives and that's where we are—in the middle of our family. Quite often, for children, the most terrifying things are adults, and unfortunately often it's the parents themselves that are the most frightening. </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—Craven on the theme of family in his works<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div> </div> <p>Craven's works tend to explore <a href="/wiki/Dysfunctional_family" title="Dysfunctional family">the breakdown of family structures</a>, the nature of dreams and reality, and often feature black humor and satirical elements.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ostensibly civilized families succumb to and exercise violence in <i>The Last House on the Left</i> and <i>The Hills Have Eyes</i>. <i>A Nightmare on Elm Street</i>, <i>Shocker</i>, and the <i>Scream</i> films address the process of addressing family trauma.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several of Craven's films are characterized by abusive familial relationships such as <i>The Hills Have Eyes</i>, <i>A Nightmare on Elm Street</i>, <i>The People Under the Stairs</i>, and others. Families in denial are a common thread throughout his movies, an idea Craven openly discussed: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The family is the best microcosm to work with… It's very much where most of our strong emotions or gut feelings come from… I grew up in a white working class family that was very religious. There was an enormous amount of secrecy in the general commerce of our getting along... If there was an argument, it was immediately denied. If there was a feeling, it was repressed… I began to see that as a nation we were doing the same things.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The blurring of the barrier between dreams and reality, sometimes called "rubber-reality", is a staple of Craven's style.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>A Nightmare on Elm Street</i>, for example, dealt with the consequences of dreams in real life.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>The Serpent and the Rainbow</i> and <i>Shocker</i> portray protagonists who cannot distinguish between nightmarish visions and reality. Following <i>New Nightmare</i>, Craven increasingly explored metafictional elements in his films. <i>New Nightmare</i> has actress <a href="/wiki/Heather_Langenkamp" title="Heather Langenkamp">Heather Langenkamp</a> play herself as she's haunted by the villain of the film in which she once starred.<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At one point in the film, the audience sees on Craven's word processor a script he's written, which includes the conversation he just had with Langenkamp—as if the script were being written as the action unfolds. </p><p>In <i>Scream</i>, the characters frequently reference horror films similar to their situations and at one point <a href="/wiki/List_of_Scream_(film_series)_characters#Billy_Loomis" title="List of Scream (film series) characters">Billy Loomis</a> tells his girlfriend that life is just a big movie. This concept was emphasized in the sequels as copycat stalkers re-enact the events of a new film about the Woodsboro killings (Woodsboro being the fictional town where <i>Scream</i> is set) occurring in <i>Scream</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-biography_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biography-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Collaborators">Collaborators</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wes_Craven&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Collaborators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Maddalena" title="Marianne Maddalena">Marianne Maddalena</a> served as a producer on twelve of Craven's films.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After working on <i>Wes Craven's New Nightmare</i>, <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Lussier" title="Patrick Lussier">Patrick Lussier</a> became an editor on all of his features up to <i>Red Eye</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Craven tended to employ cinematographers <a href="/wiki/Peter_Deming" title="Peter Deming">Peter Deming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Irwin" title="Mark Irwin">Mark Irwin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Haitkin" title="Jacques Haitkin">Jacques Haitkin</a> on his films.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the exception of <i>Music of the Heart</i>, composer <a href="/wiki/Marco_Beltrami" title="Marco Beltrami">Marco Beltrami</a> worked on all of Craven's films from <i>Scream</i> to <i>Scream 4</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although he usually wrote his own films, Craven worked with screenwriter <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Williamson_(screenwriter)" title="Kevin Williamson (screenwriter)">Kevin Williamson</a> regularly after <i>Scream</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Craven often used a number of the same actors on his projects including <a href="/wiki/Neve_Campbell" title="Neve Campbell">Neve Campbell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Courteney_Cox" title="Courteney Cox">Courteney Cox</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Arquette" title="David Arquette">David Arquette</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Englund" title="Robert Englund">Robert Englund</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Berryman" title="Michael Berryman">Michael Berryman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heather_Langenkamp" title="Heather Langenkamp">Heather Langenkamp</a>, and <a href="/wiki/David_Hess" title="David Hess">David Hess</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wes_Craven&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Craven's first marriage, to Bonnie Broecker, produced two children: <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Craven" title="Jonathan Craven">Jonathan Craven</a> (born 1965) and Jessica Craven (born 1968). Jonathan is a writer and director.<sup id="cite_ref-biography_17-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biography-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jessica was a singer-songwriter in the group the <a href="/wiki/Chapin_Sisters" title="Chapin Sisters">Chapin Sisters</a>. The marriage ended in 1970. </p><p>In 1984, Craven married a woman who became known professionally as actress Mimi Craven. The two later divorced, with Wes Craven stating in interviews that the marriage dissolved after he discovered it "was no longer anything but a sham."<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2004, Craven married Iya Labunka; she frequently worked as a producer on Craven's films.<sup id="cite_ref-Frost_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frost-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Craven was a <a href="/wiki/Birdwatching" title="Birdwatching">birder</a>. In 2010, he joined <a href="/wiki/National_Audubon_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="National Audubon Society">Audubon</a> California's board of directors.<sup id="cite_ref-Frost_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frost-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His favorite films included <i><a href="/wiki/Night_of_the_Living_Dead" title="Night of the Living Dead">Night of the Living Dead</a></i> (1968), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Virgin_Spring" title="The Virgin Spring">The Virgin Spring</a></i> (1960) and <i><a href="/wiki/Red_River_(1948_film)" title="Red River (1948 film)">Red River</a></i> (1948).<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wes_Craven&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Craven died of a <a href="/wiki/Brain_tumor" title="Brain tumor">brain tumor</a> at his home in Los Angeles on August 30, 2015, aged 76.<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many actors and fellow directors paid tribute to him, including <a href="/wiki/David_Arquette" title="David Arquette">David Arquette</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ABCNews_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABCNews-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Adrienne_Barbeau" title="Adrienne Barbeau">Adrienne Barbeau</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-bloody-disgusting.com_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bloody-disgusting.com-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Angela_Bassett" title="Angela Bassett">Angela Bassett</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ABCNews_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABCNews-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Campbell" title="Bruce Campbell">Bruce Campbell</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Heather_Langenkamp" title="Heather Langenkamp">Heather Langenkamp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neve_Campbell" title="Neve Campbell">Neve Campbell</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-theguardian.com_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theguardian.com-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/John_Carpenter" title="John Carpenter">John Carpenter</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Courteney_Cox" title="Courteney Cox">Courteney Cox</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ABCNews_50-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABCNews-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bloody-disgusting.com_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bloody-disgusting.com-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EW.com_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EW.com-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Dante" title="Joe Dante">Joe Dante</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Depp" title="Johnny Depp">Johnny Depp</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-variety.com_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-variety.com-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Englund" title="Robert Englund">Robert Englund</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ABCNews_50-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABCNews-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bloody-disgusting.com_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bloody-disgusting.com-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Michelle_Gellar" title="Sarah Michelle Gellar">Sarah Michelle Gellar</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ABCNews_50-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABCNews-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EW.com_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EW.com-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Kaufman" title="Lloyd Kaufman">Lloyd Kaufman</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_52-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jamie_Kennedy" title="Jamie Kennedy">Jamie Kennedy</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-EW.com_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EW.com-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Rose_McGowan" title="Rose McGowan">Rose McGowan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-bloody-disgusting.com_51-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bloody-disgusting.com-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EW.com_54-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EW.com-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kristy_Swanson" title="Kristy Swanson">Kristy Swanson</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ABCNews_50-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABCNews-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Wright" title="Edgar Wright">Edgar Wright</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_52-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Amanda_Wyss" title="Amanda Wyss">Amanda Wyss</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-theguardian.com_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theguardian.com-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tenth episode of the horror television series <i><a href="/wiki/Scream_(TV_series)" title="Scream (TV series)">Scream</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Scream_(2022_film)" title="Scream (2022 film)">the fifth film in the franchise (2022)</a> were dedicated in his memory.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Craven was buried at the Lambert's Cove Cemetery in the town of <a href="/wiki/West_Tisbury,_Massachusetts" title="West Tisbury, Massachusetts">West Tisbury</a> on the island of <a href="/wiki/Martha%27s_Vineyard" title="Martha's Vineyard">Martha's Vineyard</a> in <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trivia">Trivia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wes_Craven&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Trivia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first scholarly collection of work dedicated to Craven was published by Edinburgh University Press in July 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filmography">Filmography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wes_Craven&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Filmography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wes_Craven_filmography" title="Wes Craven filmography">Wes Craven filmography</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Directed features </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Title </th> <th>Distributor </th></tr> <tr> <td>1972 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_House_on_the_Left" title="The Last House on the Left">The Last House on the Left</a></i> </td> <td>Hallmark Releasing / <a href="/wiki/American_International_Pictures" title="American International Pictures">American International Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1977 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Hills_Have_Eyes_(1977_film)" title="The Hills Have Eyes (1977 film)"><i>The Hills Have Eyes</i></a> </td> <td>Vanguard </td></tr> <tr> <td>1978 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Stranger_in_Our_House" title="Stranger in Our House">Stranger in Our House</a></i> (<i>Summer of Fear</i>) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1981 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Deadly_Blessing" title="Deadly Blessing">Deadly Blessing</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists">United Artists</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1982 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Swamp_Thing_(1982_film)" title="Swamp Thing (1982 film)">Swamp Thing</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Embassy_Pictures" title="Embassy Pictures">Embassy Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1984 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/A_Nightmare_on_Elm_Street" title="A Nightmare on Elm Street">A Nightmare on Elm Street</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Line_Cinema" title="New Line Cinema">New Line Cinema</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1985 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hills_Have_Eyes_Part_II" title="The Hills Have Eyes Part II">The Hills Have Eyes Part II</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Castle_Hill_Productions" title="Castle Hill Productions">Castle Hill Productions</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1986 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Deadly_Friend" title="Deadly Friend">Deadly Friend</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1988 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Serpent_and_the_Rainbow_(film)" title="The Serpent and the Rainbow (film)">The Serpent and the Rainbow</a></i> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1989 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Shocker_(film)" title="Shocker (film)">Shocker</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_People_Under_the_Stairs" title="The People Under the Stairs">The People Under the Stairs</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1994 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Wes_Craven%27s_New_Nightmare" title="Wes Craven's New Nightmare">Wes Craven's New Nightmare</a></i> </td> <td>New Line Cinema </td></tr> <tr> <td>1995 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Vampire_in_Brooklyn" title="Vampire in Brooklyn">Vampire in Brooklyn</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1996 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Scream_(1996_film)" title="Scream (1996 film)">Scream</a></i> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dimension_Films" title="Dimension Films">Dimension Films</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1997 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Scream_2" title="Scream 2">Scream 2</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1999 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Heart" title="Music of the Heart">Music of the Heart</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Miramax" title="Miramax">Miramax Films</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Scream_3" title="Scream 3">Scream 3</a></i> </td> <td rowspan="2">Dimension Films </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">2005 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Cursed_(2005_film)" title="Cursed (2005 film)">Cursed</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Red_Eye_(2005_American_film)" title="Red Eye (2005 American film)">Red Eye</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/DreamWorks_Pictures" title="DreamWorks Pictures">DreamWorks Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/My_Soul_to_Take" title="My Soul to Take">My Soul to Take</a></i> </td> <td>Universal Pictures </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Scream_4" title="Scream 4">Scream 4</a></i> </td> <td>Dimension Films </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wes_Craven&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWes_Craven1999" class="citation book cs1">Wes Craven (November 1, 1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fountainsociety0000crav"><i>Fountain Society</i></a></span>. Thorndike Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7862-2270-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7862-2270-4"><bdi>978-0-7862-2270-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fountain+Society&rft.pub=Thorndike+Press&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.isbn=978-0-7862-2270-4&rft.au=Wes+Craven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffountainsociety0000crav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWes+Craven" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWes_CravenSteve_Niles2014" class="citation book cs1">Wes Craven; <a href="/wiki/Steve_Niles" title="Steve Niles">Steve Niles</a> (October 25, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0W4tBQAAQBAJ"><i>COMING OF RAGE #1</i></a>. Liquid Comics. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62665-913-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62665-913-1"><bdi>978-1-62665-913-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=COMING+OF+RAGE+%231&rft.pub=Liquid+Comics&rft.date=2014-10-25&rft.isbn=978-1-62665-913-1&rft.au=Wes+Craven&rft.au=Steve+Niles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0W4tBQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWes+Craven" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_nominations">Awards and nominations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wes_Craven&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Awards and nominations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Wes_Craven" title="List of awards and nominations received by Wes Craven">List of awards and nominations received by Wes Craven</a></div> <p>Throughout his career, Craven was nominated for and won numerous awards, including multiple <a href="/wiki/Saturn_Awards" title="Saturn Awards">Saturn Awards</a> and several <a href="/wiki/Film_festival" title="Film festival">film festival</a> honors.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1977, Craven won the critics award at the <a href="/wiki/Sitges_Film_Festival" title="Sitges Film Festival">Sitges Film Festival</a> for his horror film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hills_Have_Eyes_(1977_film)" title="The Hills Have Eyes (1977 film)">The Hills Have Eyes</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1997, the <a href="/wiki/Festival_international_du_film_fantastique_de_G%C3%A9rardmer" title="Festival international du film fantastique de Gérardmer">Gérardmer Film Festival</a> granted him the Grand Prize for the slasher film <i><a href="/wiki/Scream_(1996_film)" title="Scream (1996 film)">Scream</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gérardmer_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gérardmer-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Horror_Film_Festival" title="New York City Horror Film Festival">New York City Horror Film Festival</a> awarded Craven the Lifetime Achievement Award.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wes_Craven&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wes_Craven%27s_unrealized_projects" title="Wes Craven's unrealized projects">Wes Craven's unrealized projects</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wes_Craven&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.younghollywood.com/scene/paying-tribute-to-modern-horror-pioneer-wes-craven.html">"Paying Tribute to Modern Horror Pioneer, Wes Craven"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Paying+Tribute+to+Modern+Horror+Pioneer%2C+Wes+Craven&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.younghollywood.com%2Fscene%2Fpaying-tribute-to-modern-horror-pioneer-wes-craven.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWes+Craven" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDimelow2015" class="citation magazine cs1">Dimelow, Gareth (September 1, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sabotagetimes.com/tv-film/rip-wes-craven-a-pioneer-who-tested-the-limits-of-horror">"RIP Wes Craven: A Pioneer Who Tested The Limits Of Horror"</a>. <i>Sabotage Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 15,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sabotage+Times&rft.atitle=RIP+Wes+Craven%3A+A+Pioneer+Who+Tested+The+Limits+Of+Horror&rft.date=2015-09-01&rft.aulast=Dimelow&rft.aufirst=Gareth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsabotagetimes.com%2Ftv-film%2Frip-wes-craven-a-pioneer-who-tested-the-limits-of-horror&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWes+Craven" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-independent.co.uk-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-independent.co.uk_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/the-5-scenes-that-show-wes-craven-will-always-be-the-master-of-horror-10479599.html">"The 5 scenes that show Wes Craven will always be the Master of Horror"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Avclub&rft.atitle=Wes+Craven&rft.date=2009-03-11&rft.aulast=Tobias&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.avclub.com%2Fwes-craven-1798215940&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWes+Craven" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hillsfront-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hillsfront_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStratford" class="citation web cs1">Stratford, Jennifer Juniper. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefront.com/read/wes-craven-one-last-scream/">"WES CRAVEN: ONE LAST SCREAM"</a>. <i>The Front</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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March 23, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Scream+IV%27+Officially+Greenlit+with+Wes+Craven+Attached&rft.date=2010-03-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloody-disgusting.com%2Fnews%2F19559&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWes+Craven" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comicmix.com/news/2008/10/31/wes-craven-carves-google-logo">"Wes Craven Carves Google Logo"</a>. October 31, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wes+Craven+Carves+Google+Logo&rft.date=2008-10-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.comicmix.com%2Fnews%2F2008%2F10%2F31%2Fwes-craven-carves-google-logo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWes+Craven" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wes_Craven_Takes_Over_YouTube_for_Halloween!-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wes_Craven_Takes_Over_YouTube_for_Halloween!_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081205035048/http://news.tubefilter.tv/2008/10/30/wes-craven-takes-over-youtube-for-halloween/">"Wes Craven Takes Over YouTube for Halloween!"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Tubefilter" title="Tubefilter">Tubefilter News</a></i>. August 31, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.tubefilter.tv/2008/10/30/wes-craven-takes-over-youtube-for-halloween/">the original</a> on December 5, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 11,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tubefilter+News&rft.atitle=Wes+Craven+Takes+Over+YouTube+for+Halloween%21&rft.date=2008-08-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.tubefilter.tv%2F2008%2F10%2F30%2Fwes-craven-takes-over-youtube-for-halloween%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWes+Craven" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurland2019" class="citation web cs1">Kurland, Daniel (April 18, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.denofgeek.com/tv/the-twilight-zone-80s-best-episodes/">"The Twilight Zone: Hidden Gems of the 1980s Reboot"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Den_of_Geek" title="Den of Geek">Den of Geek</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Den+of+Geek&rft.atitle=The+Twilight+Zone%3A+Hidden+Gems+of+the+1980s+Reboot&rft.date=2019-04-18&rft.aulast=Kurland&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.denofgeek.com%2Ftv%2Fthe-twilight-zone-80s-best-episodes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWes+Craven" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFratini2015" class="citation web cs1">Fratini, Dawn (September 30, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cinemamediations.wordpress.com/2015/09/30/wes-craven-in-the-twilight-zone/">"Wes Craven in the 'Twilight Zone'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Cinema Mediations</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cinema+Mediations&rft.atitle=Wes+Craven+in+the+%27Twilight+Zone%27&rft.date=2015-09-30&rft.aulast=Fratini&rft.aufirst=Dawn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcinemamediations.wordpress.com%2F2015%2F09%2F30%2Fwes-craven-in-the-twilight-zone%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWes+Craven" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-comic-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-comic_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-comic_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRich_Johnston2015" class="citation web cs1">Rich Johnston (July 17, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bleedingcool.com/2015/07/17/wes-cravens-coming-of-rage-finally-comes-to-print-from-steve-niles-and-francesco-biagini/">"Wes Craven's Coming Of Rage Finally Comes To Print From Steve Niles And Francesco Biagini – Bleeding Cool Comic Book, Movie, TV News"</a>. <i>Bleeding Cool Comic Book, Movie, TV News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 31,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bleeding+Cool+Comic+Book%2C+Movie%2C+TV+News&rft.atitle=Wes+Craven%27s+Coming+Of+Rage+Finally+Comes+To+Print+From+Steve+Niles+And+Francesco+Biagini+%E2%80%93+Bleeding+Cool+Comic+Book%2C+Movie%2C+TV+News&rft.date=2015-07-17&rft.au=Rich+Johnston&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bleedingcool.com%2F2015%2F07%2F17%2Fwes-cravens-coming-of-rage-finally-comes-to-print-from-steve-niles-and-francesco-biagini%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWes+Craven" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2015/aug/31/wes-craven-the-mainstream-horror-maestro-inspired-by-ingmar-bergman">"Wes Craven: the mainstream horror maestro inspired by Ingmar Bergman"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. August 31, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Wes+Craven%3A+the+mainstream+horror+maestro+inspired+by+Ingmar+Bergman&rft.date=2015-08-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2Ffilmblog%2F2015%2Faug%2F31%2Fwes-craven-the-mainstream-horror-maestro-inspired-by-ingmar-bergman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWes+Craven" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkelton2019" class="citation book cs1">Skelton, Shannon (2019). <i>Wes Craven: Interviews</i>. University Press of Mississippi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781496826114" title="Special:BookSources/9781496826114"><bdi>9781496826114</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wes+Craven%3A+Interviews&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Mississippi&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9781496826114&rft.aulast=Skelton&rft.aufirst=Shannon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWes+Craven" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobb1998" class="citation book cs1">Robb, Brian J. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/40150665"><i>Screams & Nightmares: The Films of Wes Craven</i></a>. Woodstock, N.Y.: Overlook Press. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87951-918-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-87951-918-5"><bdi>0-87951-918-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/40150665">40150665</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Screams+%26+Nightmares%3A+The+Films+of+Wes+Craven&rft.place=Woodstock%2C+N.Y.&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Overlook+Press&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F40150665&rft.isbn=0-87951-918-5&rft.aulast=Robb&rft.aufirst=Brian+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F40150665&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWes+Craven" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/3688-the-bergman-film-that-inspired-wes-craven">"The Bergman Film That Inspired Wes Craven"</a>. <i>Criterion.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Criterion.com&rft.atitle=The+Bergman+Film+That+Inspired+Wes+Craven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.criterion.com%2Fcurrent%2Fposts%2F3688-the-bergman-film-that-inspired-wes-craven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWes+Craven" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wes Craven. <i>A Nightmare on Elm Street</i> (1984). Blu-Ray audio commentary, 1:20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewton1991" class="citation news cs1">Newton, Steve (November 7, 1991). "Terror titan Wes Craven on the horrors of family and being cast in the role of the scary guy". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Georgia_Straight" title="The Georgia Straight">The Georgia Straight</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Georgia+Straight&rft.atitle=Terror+titan+Wes+Craven+on+the+horrors+of+family+and+being+cast+in+the+role+of+the+scary+guy&rft.date=1991-11-07&rft.aulast=Newton&rft.aufirst=Steve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWes+Craven" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobb1998" class="citation book cs1">Robb, Brian J. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/40150665"><i>Screams & Nightmares: The Films of Wes Craven</i></a>. Woodstock, N.Y.: Overlook Press. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87951-918-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-87951-918-5"><bdi>0-87951-918-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/40150665">40150665</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Screams+%26+Nightmares%3A+The+Films+of+Wes+Craven&rft.place=Woodstock%2C+N.Y.&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Overlook+Press&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F40150665&rft.isbn=0-87951-918-5&rft.aulast=Robb&rft.aufirst=Brian+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F40150665&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWes+Craven" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/John_Kenneth_Muir" title="John Kenneth Muir">Muir, John Kenneth</a> (1998). <i>Wes Craven: The Art of Horror</i>. Jefferson, South Carolina: McFarland & Co. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7864-0576-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7864-0576-7">0-7864-0576-7</a>. p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuir2004" class="citation book cs1">Muir, John Kenneth (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/66655309"><i>Wes Craven: The Art of Horror</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 7,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HelloSidney.com&rft.atitle=Interview%3A+Marianne+Maddalena&rft.date=2020-08-19&rft.aulast=Kurtz&rft.aufirst=Rodrigo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhellosidney.com%2Fcontent%2Finterview-marianne-maddalena%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWes+Craven" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.patricklussier.com/credits">"CREDITS"</a>. <i>patricklussier</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 7,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=No+Film+School&rft.atitle=From+Iconic+Low-Budge+Horror+to+%27Kong%27%3A+DP+Jacques+Haitkin%27s+Shooting+Advice&rft.date=2017-04-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnofilmschool.com%2F2017%2F04%2Fjacques-haitkins-kong-skull-island-dp-interview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWes+Craven" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.comingsoon.net/horror/features/860035-interview-composer-marco-beltrami-on-craven-del-toro-and-more">"Composer Marco Beltrami on Craven, Del Toro and More"</a>. <i>ComingSoon.net</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 7,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bloody+Disgusting%21&rft.atitle=Remembering+Wes+Craven%3A+Kevin+Williamson+and+Neve+Campbell&rft.date=2015-09-04&rft.au=JonathanBarkan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbloody-disgusting.com%2Feditorials%2F3360239%2Fremembering-wes-craven-kevin-williamson-neve-campbell%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWes+Craven" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmery,_Robert_J.2003" class="citation book cs1">Emery, Robert J. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wSwypT4W94sC&q=wes+craven+my+marriage+was+a+sham&pg=PA107"><i>The Directors: Take Three</i></a>. Vol. 3. Allworth Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1581152450" title="Special:BookSources/1581152450"><bdi>1581152450</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Directors%3A+Take+Three&rft.pub=Allworth+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1581152450&rft.au=Emery%2C+Robert+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwSwypT4W94sC%26q%3Dwes%2Bcraven%2Bmy%2Bmarriage%2Bwas%2Ba%2Bsham%26pg%3DPA107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWes+Craven" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frost-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Frost_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frost_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarrison_Frost2010" class="citation web cs1">Garrison Frost (May 28, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ca.audubon.org/news/director-wes-craven-joins-audubon-californias-board-directors">"Director Wes Craven joins Audubon California's Board of Directors"</a>. <i>Audublog</i>. Audubon California (National Audubon Society)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 13,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bloody-disgusting.com&rft.atitle=Robert+Englund%2C+James+Wan%2C+and+More+Mourn+Wes+Craven&rft.date=2015-08-31&rft.au=Jonathan+Barkan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbloody-disgusting.com%2Fnews%2F3359275%2Frobert-englund-james-wan-mourn-loss-wes-craven%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWes+Craven" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_52-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_52-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_52-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoerner" class="citation web cs1">Woerner, Meredith. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.capitalgazette.com/la-et-hc-wes-craven-mourns-20150830-htmlstory.html">"Fans, creators and horror makers mourn the loss of Wes Craven"</a>. <i>capitalgazette.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 13,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=capitalgazette.com&rft.atitle=Fans%2C+creators+and+horror+makers+mourn+the+loss+of+Wes+Craven&rft.aulast=Woerner&rft.aufirst=Meredith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.capitalgazette.com%2Fla-et-hc-wes-craven-mourns-20150830-htmlstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWes+Craven" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-theguardian.com-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-theguardian.com_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-theguardian.com_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBen_Child" class="citation news cs1">Ben Child. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/sep/01/wes-craven-hollywood-pays-tribute-to-horror-maestro">"Wes Craven: Hollywood pays tribute to horror maestro"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 13,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Wes+Craven%3A+Hollywood+pays+tribute+to+horror+maestro&rft.au=Ben+Child&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2F2015%2Fsep%2F01%2Fwes-craven-hollywood-pays-tribute-to-horror-maestro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWes+Craven" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EW.com-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EW.com_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EW.com_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EW.com_54-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EW.com_54-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJessica_Dershowitz2015" class="citation magazine cs1">Jessica Dershowitz (August 30, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ew.com/article/2015/08/30/wes-craven-tributes/">"Wes Craven dead: Courteney Cox, Rose McGowan, Sarah Michelle Gellar, and more pay tribute"</a>. <i>Entertainment Weekly</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 29,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entertainment+Weekly&rft.atitle=Wes+Craven+dead%3A+Courteney+Cox%2C+Rose+McGowan%2C+Sarah+Michelle+Gellar%2C+and+more+pay+tribute&rft.date=2015-08-30&rft.au=Jessica+Dershowitz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Few.com%2Farticle%2F2015%2F08%2F30%2Fwes-craven-tributes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWes+Craven" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-variety.com-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-variety.com_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamin_Setoodeh2015" class="citation magazine cs1">Ramin Setoodeh (September 15, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2015/film/news/johnny-depp-wes-craven-tribute-1201593906/">"Johnny Depp Pays Tribute to Wes Craven, Talks 'Blass Mass' – Variety"</a>. <i>Variety</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 13,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Johnny+Depp+Pays+Tribute+to+Wes+Craven%2C+Talks+%27Blass+Mass%27+%E2%80%93+Variety&rft.date=2015-09-15&rft.au=Ramin+Setoodeh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2015%2Ffilm%2Fnews%2Fjohnny-depp-wes-craven-tribute-1201593906%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWes+Craven" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKathy_Sales2015" class="citation web cs1">Kathy Sales (September 2, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150902171910/http://freedistrict.com/entertainment/screams-10th-episode-dedicated-to-wes-cravens-memory-14394.html">"Scream's 10th episode, dedicated to Wes Craven's memory"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://freedistrict.com/entertainment/screams-10th-episode-dedicated-to-wes-cravens-memory-14394.html">the original</a> on September 2, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scream%27s+10th+episode%2C+dedicated+to+Wes+Craven%27s+memory&rft.date=2015-09-02&rft.au=Kathy+Sales&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffreedistrict.com%2Fentertainment%2Fscreams-10th-episode-dedicated-to-wes-cravens-memory-14394.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWes+Craven" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/movies/michael-phillips/sc-ent-scream-movie-review-0113-20220113-d4aw42gnbbdvjhmb73vosssvka-story.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Scream' review: It's smug, bloody and fairly entertaining. Neve Campbell leads a better cast than this latest sequel deserves"</a>. <i>Chicago Tribune</i>. January 13, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=%27Scream%27+review%3A+It%27s+smug%2C+bloody+and+fairly+entertaining.+Neve+Campbell+leads+a+better+cast+than+this+latest+sequel+deserves.&rft.date=2022-01-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fentertainment%2Fmovies%2Fmichael-phillips%2Fsc-ent-scream-movie-review-0113-20220113-d4aw42gnbbdvjhmb73vosssvka-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWes+Craven" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCalum_Waddell2023" class="citation book cs1">Calum Waddell, ed. (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edinburghuniversitypress.com/book-refocus-the-films-of-wes-craven.html"><i>ReFocus: The Films of Wes Craven</i></a>. Edinburgh University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781399507004" title="Special:BookSources/9781399507004"><bdi>9781399507004</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ReFocus%3A+The+Films+of+Wes+Craven&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9781399507004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedinburghuniversitypress.com%2Fbook-refocus-the-films-of-wes-craven.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWes+Craven" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saturnawards.org/Saturn-Awards-History.php">"THE SATURN AWARDS"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Science_Fiction,_Fantasy_and_Horror_Films" title="Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films">Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 31,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=THE+SATURN+AWARDS&rft.pub=Academy+of+Science+Fiction%2C+Fantasy+and+Horror+Films&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saturnawards.org%2FSaturn-Awards-History.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWes+Craven" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sitgesfilmfestival.com/eng/arxiu/1977/palmares#01">"Awards"</a>. Sitges Film Festival<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 31,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Awards&rft.pub=Sitges+Film+Festival&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsitgesfilmfestival.com%2Feng%2Farxiu%2F1977%2Fpalmares%2301&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWes+Craven" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gérardmer-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gérardmer_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190103010050/http://festival-gerardmer.com/2015/historique/">"Historique"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Festival_international_du_film_fantastique_de_G%C3%A9rardmer" title="Festival international du film fantastique de Gérardmer">Festival international du film fantastique de Gérardmer</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://festival-gerardmer.com/2015/historique/">the original</a> on January 3, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 31,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historique&rft.pub=Festival+international+du+film+fantastique+de+G%C3%A9rardmer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffestival-gerardmer.com%2F2015%2Fhistorique%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWes+Craven" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wes_Craven&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Wes_Craven" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Wes Craven">Wes Craven</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000127/">Wes Craven</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/151479035">Wes Craven</a> at <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Films_directed_by_Wes_Craven184" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wes_Craven" title="Template:Wes Craven"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wes_Craven" title="Template talk:Wes Craven"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wes_Craven" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wes Craven"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Films_directed_by_Wes_Craven184" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Films directed by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wes Craven</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wes_Craven_filmography" title="Wes Craven filmography">Filmography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Wes_Craven" title="List of awards and nominations received by Wes Craven">Awards and nominations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Feature films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_House_on_the_Left" title="The Last House on the Left">The Last House on the Left</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hills_Have_Eyes_(1977_film)" title="The Hills Have Eyes (1977 film)">The Hills Have Eyes</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deadly_Blessing" title="Deadly Blessing">Deadly Blessing</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Swamp_Thing_(1982_film)" title="Swamp Thing (1982 film)">Swamp Thing</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Nightmare_on_Elm_Street" title="A Nightmare on Elm Street">A Nightmare on Elm Street</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hills_Have_Eyes_Part_II" title="The Hills Have Eyes Part II">The Hills Have Eyes Part II</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deadly_Friend" title="Deadly Friend">Deadly Friend</a></i> (1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Serpent_and_the_Rainbow_(film)" title="The Serpent and the Rainbow (film)">The Serpent and the Rainbow</a></i> (1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shocker_(film)" title="Shocker (film)">Shocker</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_People_Under_the_Stairs" title="The People Under the Stairs">The People Under the Stairs</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wes_Craven%27s_New_Nightmare" title="Wes Craven's New Nightmare">Wes Craven's New Nightmare</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vampire_in_Brooklyn" title="Vampire in Brooklyn">Vampire in Brooklyn</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scream_(1996_film)" title="Scream (1996 film)">Scream</a></i> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scream_2" title="Scream 2">Scream 2</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Heart" title="Music of the Heart">Music of the Heart</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scream_3" title="Scream 3">Scream 3</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cursed_(2005_film)" title="Cursed (2005 film)">Cursed</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Red_Eye_(2005_American_film)" title="Red Eye (2005 American film)">Red Eye</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paris,_je_t%27aime" title="Paris, je t'aime">Paris, je t'aime</a></i> (segment <i>Père-Lachaise</i>, 2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Soul_to_Take" title="My Soul to Take">My Soul to Take</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scream_4" title="Scream 4">Scream 4</a></i> (2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Stranger_in_Our_House" title="Stranger in Our House">Stranger in Our House</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Invitation_to_Hell_(1984_film)" title="Invitation to Hell (1984 film)">Invitation to Hell</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wes_Craven%27s_Chiller" title="Wes Craven's Chiller">Chiller</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Night_Visions_(film)" title="Night Visions (film)">Night Visions</a></i> (1990)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Life_Career_Award43" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #6CC"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Life_Career_Award" title="Template:The Life Career Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Life_Career_Award" title="Template talk:The Life Career Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Life_Career_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Life Career Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Life_Career_Award43" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/The_Life_Career_Award" title="The Life Career Award">Life Career Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Lang" title="Fritz Lang">Fritz Lang</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Z._Arkoff" title="Samuel Z. Arkoff">Samuel Z. Arkoff</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee">Christopher Lee</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gene_Roddenberry" title="Gene Roddenberry">Gene Roddenberry</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Shatner" title="William Shatner">William Shatner</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Agar" title="John Agar">John Agar</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ray_Harryhausen" title="Ray Harryhausen">Ray Harryhausen</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Martin B. Cohen (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Price" title="Vincent Price">Vincent Price</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Nimoy" title="Leonard Nimoy">Leonard Nimoy</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Corman" title="Roger Corman">Roger Corman</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ray_Walston" title="Ray Walston">Ray Walston</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schwarzenegger" title="Arnold Schwarzenegger">Arnold Schwarzenegger</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Lynch" title="David Lynch">David Lynch</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Reeves" title="Steve Reeves">Steve Reeves</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Whit_Bissell" title="Whit Bissell">Whit Bissell</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joel_Silver" title="Joel Silver">Joel Silver</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Fleischer" title="Richard Fleischer">Richard Fleischer</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sean_Connery" title="Sean Connery">Sean Connery</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wes Craven</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_R._Broccoli" title="Albert R. Broccoli">Albert R. Broccoli</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_R._Pressman" title="Edward R. Pressman">Edward R. Pressman</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Ford" title="Harrison Ford">Harrison Ford</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dino_De_Laurentiis" title="Dino De Laurentiis">Dino De Laurentiis</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Frankenheimer" title="John Frankenheimer">John Frankenheimer</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Stallone" title="Sylvester Stallone">Sylvester Stallone</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Coburn" title="James Coburn">James Coburn</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Karen" title="James Karen">James Karen</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Crichton" title="Michael Crichton">Michael Crichton</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Juran" title="Nathan Juran">Nathan Juran</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dick_Van_Dyke" title="Dick Van Dyke">Dick Van Dyke</a> (2000)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Barris_(photographer)" title="George Barris (photographer)">George Barris</a> (2000)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Grazer" title="Brian Grazer">Brian Grazer</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Englund" title="Robert Englund">Robert Englund</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Drew_Struzan" title="Drew Struzan">Drew Struzan</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Russell" title="Kurt Russell">Kurt Russell</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sid_and_Marty_Krofft" title="Sid and Marty Krofft">Sid and Marty Krofft</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Blake_Edwards" title="Blake Edwards">Blake Edwards</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_J._Cannell" title="Stephen J. Cannell">Stephen J. Cannell</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Rothman" title="Tom Rothman">Tom Rothman</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Halmi" title="Robert Halmi">Robert Halmi</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lance_Henriksen" title="Lance Henriksen">Lance Henriksen</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irvin_Kershner" title="Irvin Kershner">Irvin Kershner</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bert_I._Gordon" title="Bert I. Gordon">Bert Gordon</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Biehn" title="Michael Biehn">Michael Biehn</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Oz" title="Frank Oz">Frank Oz</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Remar" title="James Remar">James Remar</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Frakes" title="Jonathan Frakes">Jonathan Frakes</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_McDowell" title="Malcolm McDowell">Malcolm McDowell</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nichelle_Nichols" title="Nichelle Nichols">Nichelle Nichols</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lee_Majors" title="Lee Majors">Lee Majors</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Gruskoff" title="Michael Gruskoff">Michael Gruskoff</a> (2019/2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Leigh_Scott" title="Kathryn Leigh Scott">Kathryn Leigh Scott</a> (2021/2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jodie_Foster" title="Jodie Foster">Jodie Foster</a> (2022/2023)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/19px-Video-x-generic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/29px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/38px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Film" title="Portal:Film">Film</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg/21px-Flag_of_Ohio.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg/32px-Flag_of_Ohio.svg.png 1.5x, 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223992#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3078" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223992#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3078" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223992#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/121101568">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n88639693">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13948559x">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13948559x">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00911246">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Craven, Wes"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/RAVV096245">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35845988">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=js20051017011&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1101998">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p080218326">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/99016029">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201113520">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/vs69jprd3bj3rfs">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810544279705606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007428880705171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058522941406706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA13265970?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/46b1e564-679f-44a8-99b2-872400176825">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.performing-arts.eu/discovery/agent/gnd_121101568">FID</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/121101568.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a 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