CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91365123cd4aa8e9',cH: '6a5KXMycDo4NoPuLdSuZjNDNj1zdiOPZvitAvp34xmw-1739800965-1.2.1.1-GD7mgXr4AihdmzXpret7xtUHY.DCNwIMW86pXeziXePeG6_eqfSvrGwVPj01YkUQ',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=tracking%20system&__cf_chl_tk=S7FhsJBK_O9JBakRGIZJYzhXwcLLwHvgVxnJuGC6ekE-1739800965-1.0.1.1-Ny0VagX9UI1ts3C3nMkvU4tIj4QTfkKeGeMkBKAn7VQ",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739800965',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=tracking%20system&__cf_chl_f_tk=S7FhsJBK_O9JBakRGIZJYzhXwcLLwHvgVxnJuGC6ekE-1739800965-1.0.1.1-Ny0VagX9UI1ts3C3nMkvU4tIj4QTfkKeGeMkBKAn7VQ",md: "oI0sqFw3nP0vM7NaZI1p_N02KW6qvXIIPvgo_6fIctA-1739800965-1.2.1.1-64hDuD6NedhqOKac7J5hNUlHdXFv.rGd5ICpzokbhutkKP2UA3_NPnfglyGRy39yqgGgSmBFt78hwur3OHJGXAFxoNvzgMbOVhIaVcf1b5b5SN81qJYW9RZn_cXy8JbDfsS_t8XK7KqWps4LAd.YQVAoTeCiGvEpx2GGPd9Y4F_SIfcT.KdbZMr.2AqMFHXDGBh87q18blR2RW1Ulo7pgVj_2j_LMy3UNhc.8_EElPN7kdLLIK44KdCYLC0hAm_.xxPVR1q5K6E1G2re_W1B9FmSprIu0oa7CHiY2eIAj5H9dkHHEgYbEa.PpjZnZ.Nl32Jz04L73PVgFn1dpGMXf3dYkCgPoH_osN9sAXjHlXOBOX.CzWuVD.MLN2Xj5LP0Dgau6hCuu0kJrnpU99ChkFx9LZ5p78sIFM4AQOouz.CXmwCUnCOO2ihUTjOdY_NRUE8r.o4BWzRC_2Nz2wDKwy4YFQp3YkgfzVbTmo19REyyMT6THJjEXXJyb9CtT3LPl9J1btfDliwMpjWHp9WlvoyG373LRhgnNgvlGP4B.IKhIuGCGLmst0cNiqCO4Wc8ySubPCB7WgDehIhbhqn73M3zPvHJcUewTxadCdzChwnedfGxujczWbboLYbF8XWN1GEFbg551QWZDelGCQ6CH9DK8CsbPrLRX7912ZXGU9Uvq3U1PscwyVkZfIoaxb5UrBDRHAG8Uaag7ArOT1S12sNmTHkWLOYiBhJThRUuHHDtvcwKOnh8HNwU53K4aR7SUL4v.Kjgd6__iVkbDNThd0Ga0XayDHYfRVow4FNCtgRR5DlzN3_NoNn1sZoZx.Cfps4eyCRfBvbF42a1KFBfGS2WHu0WPBWvAawWlluEVL8VK1k_1BzhX0hoDtcV3OsgA1u_LKJ.GYxHld9IT2QBgtr3NeYbQN45F9iPCRLz5Lgv4uaHItfE2qdTIgjsMOkO1Owox7DTSxo6799YM1CGRlwKKEiii7D7FTyGVOPCd9nEyVeM2nl38f.FEQFfTHRtn1xyjn0ueoIJ8OeKR24RSAOikFj..ilp6HfkZ7lwpNmSnQJxV2f4IfA5CMni8u.I99SjgjTnj74YGVzdFraTUD2J_sOHWG5NjGTKhPw2akQfB1n9xCBOOjakhYoE1.dtGkdhpz0NE_2cF9VRAhWg1ECwbX6VRxVa0o35QooEIyvF4Xo40nowE0AwbFUnWDYHLrevyQGDKLHRaZIwGUa6OTpy1NLJQ9ORAVHUfXAuVrQquyBOHLZD2fcMiGRGY9K.54UjzXbPsYGs8avJVlIRyfEgNkQKJObMRqZi9dM9Ucp7OIHXRlEsKbSSEBxxfutSbCFFHkolLZqvLVUn7MbFWVwmObTo7b7BFBBDdcN5bJRQif3FKAjKRJwcFSPvcn3hcRrSTBDpXW9TeJw.B.eQbmPvvPNN1.mx1XC3OglM8d2QnpItuekkiBv4ZwsVcxGTm9vLPrccQUtb89UqWmVW49vBeKr7JMzQsAKTtZqvknYwMrI_BplXQTzxuD5zXW0BRLVbkqG_sp28CLwx4zSPQzEBzw42wuF0GID0CJD17mhhfCE_Ee2umAwD.0KP9.KW97Ckz.3izhzcKp3_QlWAG4MbN_M2sb7Cd6rMXCCT66p7yK7kg2WW5OGS0rD9kdjCO3tzg9.PXaNtPD65u0Kerybj2ldHXj5BFMDteGFffPlwxykY5VAIrr5LCp9PgOmWhPfcIfxol6RT6nVzF0fN.7uSOpy9LYNST17RXDesm3f_tYQm_rRXe4vW8s38fhn927kcSGzdANTo1knvcypUiCXnvsdU0F7yLSWREvijIIqANsUxf146ACL4XwEwrm7jb2nPe5FnuZWT9N89z_G.H.SHm1YpBzcZO1GeKSuoH_mXNZKWvLt_FpY8fV_KGZRIhZdCgRXpXYajKn2d0mtiIKyhNUHAYM_3TRrxP5KcTg8",mdrd: "aZTJFbPu2gcH9ANlFqYMHcKZXs0DIqaNa1GPhsvVFDU-1739800965-1.2.1.1-M2lR5bYnnBp.ATHDdqYLDk5Mtu7iEbdEiih8TtEb4S2mVai2GHXD8bwmz3MAb2WTob93aUHz3nqbFZPpmRuPN0NIO0N92wOjtzTlf4oBirUwAp1ujq.1kt76KfuETUmC9My3g6xcvhouGmDmVqqUqaCOYLpQBALvn70NqSFDXTIfewAF6D34TtXqeFHzpCHjIMy7Ny6zYAxzZOzILY5kFsUkrJrwahmpPl1G8qBn8vOMBSDlKTR91_8_8FXQ5hoyjKj4GKuBVMod_JGvVevCYyEmzaSDAbo_yWMxWxd1edAakhHsNI_vf2UNHbTT5QIaMcMtUk9zXJtvzicU5F0w1T6fPMrnT1SInEsO8qDQehHdD.myRu9aLU8f2dNdFZlq0quBZxa.cmkcXIDgbC1eWjcEjPjKDl4_3gdFAZT02K2uu4QZ8vZErEEGHlX9Dsmx2256xhmGXaex5xVyMCB75Pp4u0uiDbEHWsGll0SOoziO4rMwqJ9bg7nkSxJM9hc3cfjRaRcmK_TGVORP5KBikfh9beZD7Y65t4DcPRQMRROq.9BhDdz33ZLLC_Z7hhhmBU80gSCXoko1lW9EOI79d4uu5zwNNLTwepAWR.837zOdTO2SJYNWxL_1_YszCpEMUuF1CSbKvLEr.MhKlvkewbtrw_4LGt5O5Riq1Dl.SzQMUnj4hpawzqvgoESwYqZieKLQfJ7uDhdmF4hKESzE5qfaHcBaiVxz445jNjzUjXocUaDPX.hZw34ekf4WdatU040xaQnCVRNceqvqM8iIGT1UiePsYEPnKbAK0CK0sVTRf0R89G6lVorAHDbRdKRD_.35wphw2Nex1mlH4VoDhSdjke03uQORG3l5WU9OzYr58APLyoTYkYbjlimha1ogXqOAd71JvPWPOVE2tChEfrzAfHk8RazZ0UHW4Tlec3Kr.XAw6WZv3qjMBeRL.AyGjUnPS7UoXEzvh08yo6_9j35lEVhlGXC0HXJjfS6LHIaStlr83rSpe0lbRhMukV5W9N4tpd6hEoYRihK1zVYeiUS3lJLP0MsCR0poriPl2LAAAwntMpb4IodhnjHtMBagyD52cDoh3YPs61yVbxf207_3HRZ_JhJshjpAlpg1vxvSHpJiHWmBqiadiKgzKjIPu7gJqSwl69Y4JwJIzIMu1n3yLvwa9otXr.EFB0gxoKBAtDGw.gg9pEwkI_M0rUIhhj6DMkva1Jhp_.wiMQefYa_7eRHppO42xsn7eawaD.C.ge7qFzMpUqHLTnj2MAOuQ_kpczA_PhfgujzrfGQiByUh1pfAWSqkhWIaDM4W4z68IijzVpbZ_MY2WWOFgwdv3Lmhs_4nJoo.DbpxKJyvUot36xSl7p03Dy1vFcXx6HMlcZn7gzTr1cQlurbE6Cda3aS4Fr_EEXcLUAiHsCYDa1KWszmkci3khii1G3jsoUSSU1D1kntI7izmAldT9MlVBsQ5x06TdKWj5jNDQ7PLgA3czqc1ukqLGl3qZleH98fpdK5EKbzaQ2VpD3mpp1w4msF73BfazK2aVjfNi9RaWvFQjE2z299KG.Kf_MSsCfBmoU7l_WBZBW9wLN1qa8Drc5RjbrAFeav9hyVUCjoQBoqNl9.SGFmNqm92rguKzBJohTCtGpiylVU_VtihZBsersmJskwaEZcPxY5OM4EL42PUHslvjOWlzkrRJ.5CXQvsQPUcxfv3TjF8OU63AHFLV77I5EsT7eDMS.CAb86JL3IZyJY1d2VGMHHzTO8HK6Hse5uhwIXElKeZDq2IK_A7sDv1f8RK8RYI_52NQ3gfAc1XRMO7KzyPuGwt6SZ8AapQGudR021j.aecx1osREQvCXybcZ6CmSpcvINkUm0M5R8WRW2bSV86kT4xuY7QPod7hALlv2S4soruJqqCQ9yyp.ZLrWYE6gXbZvBxS3DZanD1..VOo8.57HnzdovKWTlJkI1P9Pv4WJQp.fkN.jqmbgPRPQDK_npV6BLBfUg1MA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91365123cd4aa8e9';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=tracking%20system&__cf_chl_rt_tk=S7FhsJBK_O9JBakRGIZJYzhXwcLLwHvgVxnJuGC6ekE-1739800965-1.0.1.1-Ny0VagX9UI1ts3C3nMkvU4tIj4QTfkKeGeMkBKAn7VQ" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>