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Such signals are of two types: analog, where the signals are carried by continuously varying quantities, and digital, where the signals are restricted to a finite set of discrete values (often just two, symbolized by 0 and 1). The traditional <a href="/Telephone" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephone">telephone</a> uses analog signals, since the continuously varying pressure associated with sound waves is converted into continuously varying voltages of an electrical signal. Computers, by contrast, usually deal with so-called binary signals, sequences of zeros and ones. </p><p>Early uses of mechanical signals are naval flag signalling and railway semaphores, whereas the early theoretical basis of processing analog and digital signals lies in numerical analysis. Early devices which utilize analog signals include the telephone, the phonograph, the radio and television, whereas digital signals became prominent after the advent of the digital computer. Foundational work in digital signal processing was done by <a href="/Claude_Shannon" title="Claude Shannon">Claude Shannon</a>, <a href="/Harry_Nyquist" title="Harry Nyquist">Harry Nyquist</a>, <a href="/John_Tukey" title="John Tukey">John Tukey</a> and <a href="/James_W._Cooley" title="James W. Cooley">James Cooley</a>. </p><p>Formed in 1948, the <a href="/IEEE_Signal_Processing_Society_History" title="IEEE Signal Processing Society History">IEEE Signal Processing Society</a> is the IEEE's first society and is the world鈥檚 premier professional society for signal processing scientist and professionals. The Signal Processing Society is an international organization whose purpose is to: advance and disseminate state-of-the-art scientific information and resources; educate the signal processing community; and provide a venue for people to interact and exchange ideas. The Signal Processing Society's publications include the IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, which is ranked first in popularity among all of IEEE's publications. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Subcategories">Subcategories</span></h2> <ul><li><b><a href="/Category:Amplitude" title="Category:Amplitude">Amplitude</a></b> - The magnitude of a waveform, topics include those related to amplification and attenuation</li> <li><b><a href="/Category:Dispersion" title="Category:Dispersion">Dispersion</a></b> - The relationship between wave velocity and frequency described by the laws of physics</li> <li><b><a href="/Category:Filters" title="Category:Filters">Filters</a></b> - Systems which remove unwanted frequencies including digital filters, nonlinear filters and superconducting filters</li> <li><b><a href="/Category:Loops" title="Category:Loops">Loops</a></b> - Electronic control systems whose output signal is related to their input signal</li> <li><b><a href="/Category:Noise" title="Category:Noise">Noise</a></b> - Unwanted or unintentional interference in a signal</li> <li><b><a href="/Category:Pulse_compression_methods" title="Category:Pulse compression methods">Pulse compression methods</a></b> - Various methods of pulse compression including optical pulse compression</li> <li><b><a href="/Category:Pulse_shaping_methods" title="Category:Pulse shaping methods">Pulse shaping methods</a></b> - Methods of changing a waveform into transmittable pulses</li> <li><b><a href="/Category:Quantization" title="Category:Quantization">Quantization</a></b> - Converting larger numbers into more manageable smaller numbers</li> <li><b><a href="/Category:Signal_analysis" title="Category:Signal analysis">Signal analysis</a></b> - Various methods of analyzing signals including harmonic analysis and spectral analysis</li> <li><b><a href="/Category:Signal_detection" title="Category:Signal detection">Signal detection</a></b> - Devices and methods which detect different kinds of signals such as acoustic signal detection, phase detection and radar direction</li> <li><b><a href="/Category:Signal_generation_%26_recording" title="Category:Signal generation & recording">Signal generation & recording</a></b> - The generation and recording of various signals including audio recording, digital recording and noise generators</li> <li><b><a href="/Category:Signal_processing" title="Category:Signal processing">Signal processing</a></b> - The modification and analysis of signals</li> <li><b><a href="/Category:Signal_reconstruction_%26_restoration" title="Category:Signal reconstruction & restoration">Signal reconstruction & restoration</a></b> - Methods of reconstructing and restoring signals including signal denoising and signal error correction</li> <li><b><a href="/Category:Signal_resolution" title="Category:Signal resolution">Signal resolution</a></b> - Topics pertaining to signal resolution such as diversity reception</li> <li><b><a href="/Category:Signal_sampling" title="Category:Signal sampling">Signal sampling</a></b> - The process of converting an analog signal to a digital one</li></ul>    </div><div class="mw-category-generated" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div id="mw-subcategories"> <h2>Subcategories</h2> <p>This category has the following 14 subcategories, out of 14 total. </p><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="mw-category mw-category-columns"><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>A</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Category:Amplitude" title="Category:Amplitude">Amplitude</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>D</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Category:Dispersion" title="Category:Dispersion">Dispersion</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>F</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Category:Filters" title="Category:Filters">Filters</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>L</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Category:Loops" title="Category:Loops">Loops</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>N</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Category:Noise" title="Category:Noise">Noise</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>P</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Category:Pulse_compression_methods" title="Category:Pulse compression methods">Pulse compression methods</a></li> <li><a href="/Category:Pulse_shaping_methods" title="Category:Pulse shaping methods">Pulse shaping methods</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>Q</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Category:Quantization" title="Category:Quantization">Quantization</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>S</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Category:Signal_analysis" title="Category:Signal analysis">Signal analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/Category:Signal_detection" title="Category:Signal detection">Signal detection</a></li> <li><a href="/Category:Signal_processing" title="Category:Signal processing">Signal processing</a></li> <li><a href="/Category:Signal_reconstruction_%26_restoration" title="Category:Signal reconstruction & restoration">Signal reconstruction & restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/Category:Signal_resolution" title="Category:Signal resolution">Signal resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/Category:Signal_sampling" title="Category:Signal sampling">Signal sampling</a></li></ul></div></div></div> </div><div id="mw-pages"> <h2>Pages in category "Signals"</h2> <p>The following 330 pages are in this category, out of 330 total. </p><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="mw-category mw-category-columns"><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>A</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Oral-History:Vasudev_K._Aatre" title="Oral-History:Vasudev K. Aatre">Oral-History:Vasudev K. Aatre</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Alex_Acero" title="Oral-History:Alex Acero">Oral-History:Alex Acero</a></li> <li><a href="/Archives:Active_Filters" title="Archives:Active Filters">Archives:Active Filters</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:William_Ross_Aiken" title="Oral-History:William Ross Aiken">Oral-History:William Ross Aiken</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Royal_P._Allaire" title="Oral-History:Royal P. Allaire">Oral-History:Royal P. Allaire</a></li> <li><a href="/David_J._Allstot" title="David J. Allstot">David J. Allstot</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Fred_Andrews" title="Oral-History:Fred Andrews">Oral-History:Fred Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/George_Antheil" title="George Antheil">George Antheil</a></li> <li><a href="/Edward_V._Appleton" title="Edward V. Appleton">Edward V. Appleton</a></li> <li><a href="/First-Hand:Applying_Advanced_Technology_to_Cryptologic_Systems:_Some_Special_Management_Challenges" title="First-Hand:Applying Advanced Technology to Cryptologic Systems: Some Special Management Challenges">First-Hand:Applying Advanced Technology to Cryptologic Systems: Some Special Management Challenges</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Eric_Ash" title="Oral-History:Eric Ash">Oral-History:Eric Ash</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Bishnu_Atal" title="Oral-History:Bishnu Atal">Oral-History:Bishnu Atal</a></li> <li><a href="/Bishnu_S._Atal" title="Bishnu S. Atal">Bishnu S. Atal</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>B</h3> <ul><li><a href="/William_Bachman" title="William Bachman">William Bachman</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Kenneth_T._Bainbridge" title="Oral-History:Kenneth T. Bainbridge">Oral-History:Kenneth T. Bainbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Edythe_Baker" title="Oral-History:Edythe Baker">Oral-History:Edythe Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/James_K._Baker" title="James K. Baker">James K. Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/Janet_MacIver_Baker" title="Janet MacIver Baker">Janet MacIver Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/First-Hand:Banging_the_Large_Drum_Slowly" title="First-Hand:Banging the Large Drum Slowly">First-Hand:Banging the Large Drum Slowly</a></li> <li><a href="/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a></li> <li><a href="/Thomas_Pinkney_Barnwell,_III" title="Thomas Pinkney Barnwell, III">Thomas Pinkney Barnwell, III</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:C.E._Barrette" title="Oral-History:C.E. Barrette">Oral-History:C.E. Barrette</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Maurice_Bellanger" title="Oral-History:Maurice Bellanger">Oral-History:Maurice Bellanger</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Leo_Beranek_(2005)" title="Oral-History:Leo Beranek (2005)">Oral-History:Leo Beranek (2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Harold_H._Beverage_and_H._O._Peterson" title="Oral-History:Harold H. Beverage and H. O. Peterson">Oral-History:Harold H. Beverage and H. O. Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/Bing_Crosby_and_Magnetic_Recording" title="Bing Crosby and Magnetic Recording">Bing Crosby and Magnetic Recording</a></li> <li><a href="/First-Hand:Bing_Crosby_and_the_Recording_Revolution" title="First-Hand:Bing Crosby and the Recording Revolution">First-Hand:Bing Crosby and the Recording Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/Gerd_Binnig" title="Gerd Binnig">Gerd Binnig</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Harold_S._Black" title="Oral-History:Harold S. Black">Oral-History:Harold S. Black</a></li> <li><a href="/Richard_E._Blahut" title="Richard E. Blahut">Richard E. Blahut</a></li> <li><a href="/James_R._Boddie" title="James R. Boddie">James R. Boddie</a></li> <li><a href="/Hendrik_W._Bode" title="Hendrik W. Bode">Hendrik W. Bode</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Per_Bruel" title="Oral-History:Per Bruel">Oral-History:Per Bruel</a></li> <li><a href="/Don_Buchla" title="Don Buchla">Don Buchla</a></li> <li><a href="/Discovering_the_Buckyball" title="Discovering the Buckyball">Discovering the Buckyball</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Richard_Burden" title="Oral-History:Richard Burden">Oral-History:Richard Burden</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:C._Sidney_Burrus" title="Oral-History:C. Sidney Burrus">Oral-History:C. Sidney Burrus</a></li> <li><a href="/Julian_J._Bussgang" title="Julian J. Bussgang">Julian J. Bussgang</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>C</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Chester_F._Carlson" title="Chester F. Carlson">Chester F. Carlson</a></li> <li><a href="/G._Clifford_Carter" title="G. Clifford Carter">G. Clifford Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/Cassette_Tapes" title="Cassette Tapes">Cassette Tapes</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Milton_Chaffee" title="Oral-History:Milton Chaffee">Oral-History:Milton Chaffee</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Britton_Chance" title="Oral-History:Britton Chance">Oral-History:Britton Chance</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Marvin_Chodorow" title="Oral-History:Marvin Chodorow">Oral-History:Marvin Chodorow</a></li> <li><a href="/Columbia_Record_Company" title="Columbia Record Company">Columbia Record Company</a></li> <li><a href="/Compact_Discs_(CDs)" title="Compact Discs (CDs)">Compact Discs (CDs)</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Anthony_Constantinides" title="Oral-History:Anthony Constantinides">Oral-History:Anthony Constantinides</a></li> <li><a href="/Anthony_George_Constantinides" title="Anthony George Constantinides">Anthony George Constantinides</a></li> <li><a href="/William_Fothergill_Cooke" title="William Fothergill Cooke">William Fothergill Cooke</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:James_W._Cooley" title="Oral-History:James W. Cooley">Oral-History:James W. Cooley</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Warren_Cooper" title="Oral-History:Warren Cooper">Oral-History:Warren Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/Cosmic_Background_Radiation" title="Cosmic Background Radiation">Cosmic Background Radiation</a></li> <li><a href="/Malcolm_R._Currie" title="Malcolm R. Currie">Malcolm R. Currie</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:C._Chapin_Cutler" title="Oral-History:C. Chapin Cutler">Oral-History:C. Chapin Cutler</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>D</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Milestones:16-bit_Monolithic_DAC,_1981" title="Milestones:16-bit Monolithic DAC, 1981">Milestones:16-bit Monolithic DAC, 1981</a></li> <li><a href="/Sidney_Darlington" title="Sidney Darlington">Sidney Darlington</a></li> <li><a href="/Ingrid_Daubechies" title="Ingrid Daubechies">Ingrid Daubechies</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Lee_Davenport" title="Oral-History:Lee Davenport">Oral-History:Lee Davenport</a></li> <li><a href="/Mark_Edward_Davis" title="Mark Edward Davis">Mark Edward Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/Frank_de_Jager" title="Frank de Jager">Frank de Jager</a></li> <li><a href="/Bernard_C._DeLoach,_Jr." title="Bernard C. DeLoach, Jr.">Bernard C. DeLoach, Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/Dictation_Machines" title="Dictation Machines">Dictation Machines</a></li> <li><a href="/Digital_Audio_Recorders" title="Digital Audio Recorders">Digital Audio Recorders</a></li> <li><a href="/Digital_Signal_Processing" title="Digital Signal Processing">Digital Signal Processing</a></li> <li><a href="/Ray_Dolby" title="Ray Dolby">Ray Dolby</a></li> <li><a href="/Dolby_Laboratories" title="Dolby Laboratories">Dolby Laboratories</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Howard_Doolittle" title="Oral-History:Howard Doolittle">Oral-History:Howard Doolittle</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Rudolf_Drabek" title="Oral-History:Rudolf Drabek">Oral-History:Rudolf Drabek</a></li> <li><a href="/Drum_Machines" title="Drum Machines">Drum Machines</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Tariq_Durrani" title="Oral-History:Tariq Durrani">Oral-History:Tariq Durrani</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>E</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Edward_Easton" title="Edward Easton">Edward Easton</a></li> <li><a href="/Thomas_Edison_at_Menlo_Park" title="Thomas Edison at Menlo Park">Thomas Edison at Menlo Park</a></li> <li><a href="/Robert_Elbourn" title="Robert Elbourn">Robert Elbourn</a></li> <li><a href="/Yonina_Eldar" title="Yonina Eldar">Yonina Eldar</a></li> <li><a href="/Electrical_Recording" title="Electrical Recording">Electrical Recording</a></li> <li><a href="/Electronic_Music_Synthesizer" title="Electronic Music Synthesizer">Electronic Music Synthesizer</a></li> <li><a href="/Joel_S._Engel" title="Joel S. Engel">Joel S. Engel</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Lloyd_Espenschied" title="Oral-History:Lloyd Espenschied">Oral-History:Lloyd Espenschied</a></li> <li><a href="/Thomas_E._Everhart" title="Thomas E. Everhart">Thomas E. Everhart</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>F</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Fairlight_CMI" title="Fairlight CMI">Fairlight CMI</a></li> <li><a href="/Fessenden%27s_Christmas_Eve_Broadcast" title="Fessenden's Christmas Eve Broadcast">Fessenden's Christmas Eve Broadcast</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Alfred_Fettweis" title="Oral-History:Alfred Fettweis">Oral-History:Alfred Fettweis</a></li> <li><a href="/Archives:History_of_FFT_with_Cooley_and_Tukey" title="Archives:History of FFT with Cooley and Tukey">Archives:History of FFT with Cooley and Tukey</a></li> <li><a href="/M%C3%A1rio_A.T._Figueiredo" title="M谩rio A.T. Figueiredo">M谩rio A.T. Figueiredo</a></li> <li><a href="/Avery_Fisher" title="Avery Fisher">Avery Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:James_L._Flanagan" title="Oral-History:James L. Flanagan">Oral-History:James L. Flanagan</a></li> <li><a href="/James_L._Flanagan" title="James L. Flanagan">James L. Flanagan</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Steward_Flaschen" title="Oral-History:Steward Flaschen">Oral-History:Steward Flaschen</a></li> <li><a href="/Harvey_Fletcher" title="Harvey Fletcher">Harvey Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/Flight_Data_Recorder" title="Flight Data Recorder">Flight Data Recorder</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Art_Fong" title="Oral-History:Art Fong">Oral-History:Art Fong</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:G._David_Forney" title="Oral-History:G. David Forney">Oral-History:G. David Forney</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Ted_Foster" title="Oral-History:Ted Foster">Oral-History:Ted Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Kathryn_and_Charles_Fowler" title="Oral-History:Kathryn and Charles Fowler">Oral-History:Kathryn and Charles Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/Harald_T._Friis" title="Harald T. Friis">Harald T. Friis</a></li> <li><a href="/Dov_Frohman-Bentchkowsky" title="Dov Frohman-Bentchkowsky">Dov Frohman-Bentchkowsky</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Sadaoki_Furui" title="Oral-History:Sadaoki Furui">Oral-History:Sadaoki Furui</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>G</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Dennis_Gabor" title="Dennis Gabor">Dennis Gabor</a></li> <li><a href="/Fred_Gaisberg" title="Fred Gaisberg">Fred Gaisberg</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Wanda_Gass" title="Oral-History:Wanda Gass">Oral-History:Wanda Gass</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Virginia_Gerdes" title="Oral-History:Virginia Gerdes">Oral-History:Virginia Gerdes</a></li> <li><a href="/First-Hand:George_Whitehead_Apollo_S-Band_Communications" title="First-Hand:George Whitehead Apollo S-Band Communications">First-Hand:George Whitehead Apollo S-Band Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Dorothy_Gillette" title="Oral-History:Dorothy Gillette">Oral-History:Dorothy Gillette</a></li> <li><a href="/Charles_P._Ginsburg" title="Charles P. Ginsburg">Charles P. Ginsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/Edward_L._Ginzton" title="Edward L. Ginzton">Edward L. Ginzton</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Adolf_Goetzberger" title="Oral-History:Adolf Goetzberger">Oral-History:Adolf Goetzberger</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Ben_Gold" title="Oral-History:Ben Gold">Oral-History:Ben Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/Bernard_Gold" title="Bernard Gold">Bernard Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/Peter_Goldmark" title="Peter Goldmark">Peter Goldmark</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Gene_Golub" title="Oral-History:Gene Golub">Oral-History:Gene Golub</a></li> <li><a href="/Joseph_Grado" title="Joseph Grado">Joseph Grado</a></li> <li><a href="/Gramophone" title="Gramophone">Gramophone</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Robert_M._Gray_(1991)" title="Oral-History:Robert M. Gray (1991)">Oral-History:Robert M. Gray (1991)</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Robert_M._Gray_(1998)" title="Oral-History:Robert M. Gray (1998)">Oral-History:Robert M. Gray (1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/Johannes_A._Greefkes" title="Johannes A. Greefkes">Johannes A. Greefkes</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:William_Gretsch" title="Oral-History:William Gretsch">Oral-History:William Gretsch</a></li> <li><a href="/Hugh_Griffiths" title="Hugh Griffiths">Hugh Griffiths</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:John_Guarrera" title="Oral-History:John Guarrera">Oral-History:John Guarrera</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>H</h3> <ul><li><a href="/John_Hammond" title="John Hammond">John Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/Lajos_Hanzo" title="Lajos Hanzo">Lajos Hanzo</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Fred_Heath" title="Oral-History:Fred Heath">Oral-History:Fred Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/Raymond_A._Heising" title="Raymond A. Heising">Raymond A. Heising</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Martin_Hellman" title="Oral-History:Martin Hellman">Oral-History:Martin Hellman</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Clarence_Nichols_Hickman" title="Oral-History:Clarence Nichols Hickman">Oral-History:Clarence Nichols Hickman</a></li> <li><a href="/James_Hillier" title="James Hillier">James Hillier</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:James_Hillier" title="Oral-History:James Hillier">Oral-History:James Hillier</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Thomas_Huang" title="Oral-History:Thomas Huang">Oral-History:Thomas Huang</a></li> <li><a href="/Frederick_Vinton_Hunt" title="Frederick Vinton Hunt">Frederick Vinton Hunt</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>I</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Sumio_Iijima" title="Sumio Iijima">Sumio Iijima</a></li> <li><a href="/Kees_A._S._Immink" title="Kees A. S. Immink">Kees A. S. Immink</a></li> <li><a href="/Archives:Birth_Certificate_of_the_Information_Age:_The_Annus_Mirabilis_1948" title="Archives:Birth Certificate of the Information Age: The Annus Mirabilis 1948">Archives:Birth Certificate of the Information Age: The Annus Mirabilis 1948</a></li> <li><a href="/First-Hand:Innovations_in_Disk_Recording,_MFM_and_3PM_Code" title="First-Hand:Innovations in Disk Recording, MFM and 3PM Code">First-Hand:Innovations in Disk Recording, MFM and 3PM Code</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Fumitada_Itakura" title="Oral-History:Fumitada Itakura">Oral-History:Fumitada Itakura</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Ivan_A._Getting_(1995)" title="Oral-History:Ivan A. Getting (1995)">Oral-History:Ivan A. Getting (1995)</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>J</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Gordon_M._Jacobs" title="Gordon M. Jacobs">Gordon M. Jacobs</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Joan_Leamy_James" title="Oral-History:Joan Leamy James">Oral-History:Joan Leamy James</a></li> <li><a href="/Eldridge_Johnson" title="Eldridge Johnson">Eldridge Johnson</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>K</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Oral-History:Thomas_Kailath" title="Oral-History:Thomas Kailath">Oral-History:Thomas Kailath</a></li> <li><a href="/James_F._Kaiser" title="James F. Kaiser">James F. Kaiser</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:James_Kaiser" title="Oral-History:James Kaiser">Oral-History:James Kaiser</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Samuel_Kalow" title="Oral-History:Samuel Kalow">Oral-History:Samuel Kalow</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:J._Lawrence_Katz" title="Oral-History:J. Lawrence Katz">Oral-History:J. Lawrence Katz</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Arthur_C._Keller" title="Oral-History:Arthur C. Keller">Oral-History:Arthur C. Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Nobutoshi_Kihara" title="Oral-History:Nobutoshi Kihara">Oral-History:Nobutoshi Kihara</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Makoto_Kikuchi" title="Oral-History:Makoto Kikuchi">Oral-History:Makoto Kikuchi</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Archie_King" title="Oral-History:Archie King">Oral-History:Archie King</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Viggo_Kjaer" title="Oral-History:Viggo Kjaer">Oral-History:Viggo Kjaer</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Herwig_Kogelnik" title="Oral-History:Herwig Kogelnik">Oral-History:Herwig Kogelnik</a></li> <li><a href="/Rudolf_Kompfner" title="Rudolf Kompfner">Rudolf Kompfner</a></li> <li><a href="/Irene_Corbally_Kuhn" title="Irene Corbally Kuhn">Irene Corbally Kuhn</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Robert_Kyhl" title="Oral-History:Robert Kyhl">Oral-History:Robert Kyhl</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>L</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Oral-History:Ken_Laker" title="Oral-History:Ken Laker">Oral-History:Ken Laker</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:William_Lang" title="Oral-History:William Lang">Oral-History:William Lang</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Erich_Langer" title="Oral-History:Erich Langer">Oral-History:Erich Langer</a></li> <li><a href="/Paul_C._Lauterbur" title="Paul C. Lauterbur">Paul C. Lauterbur</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Elizabeth_Laverick" title="Oral-History:Elizabeth Laverick">Oral-History:Elizabeth Laverick</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Harold_B._Law" title="Oral-History:Harold B. Law">Oral-History:Harold B. Law</a></li> <li><a href="/Victor_B._Lawrence" title="Victor B. Lawrence">Victor B. Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Benjamin_Lax" title="Oral-History:Benjamin Lax">Oral-History:Benjamin Lax</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Ernst_Lederer" title="Oral-History:Ernst Lederer">Oral-History:Ernst Lederer</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:David_Leeson" title="Oral-History:David Leeson">Oral-History:David Leeson</a></li> <li><a href="/Nadav_Levanon" title="Nadav Levanon">Nadav Levanon</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Humboldt_W._Leverenz" title="Oral-History:Humboldt W. Leverenz">Oral-History:Humboldt W. Leverenz</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Frank_Lewis" title="Oral-History:Frank Lewis">Oral-History:Frank Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/Mark_Yoffe_Liberman" title="Mark Yoffe Liberman">Mark Yoffe Liberman</a></li> <li><a href="/John_O._Limb" title="John O. Limb">John O. Limb</a></li> <li><a href="/Thomas_E._Linnenbrink" title="Thomas E. Linnenbrink">Thomas E. Linnenbrink</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Bede_Liu" title="Oral-History:Bede Liu">Oral-History:Bede Liu</a></li> <li><a href="/Bede_Liu" title="Bede Liu">Bede Liu</a></li> <li><a href="/Raymond_Lubow" title="Raymond Lubow">Raymond Lubow</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>M</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Carol_G._Maclennan" title="Carol G. Maclennan">Carol G. Maclennan</a></li> <li><a href="/Some_Popular_Misconceptions_About_Magnetic_Recording_History_and_Theory" title="Some Popular Misconceptions About Magnetic Recording History and Theory">Some Popular Misconceptions About Magnetic Recording History and Theory</a></li> <li><a href="/Magnetic_Recording" title="Magnetic Recording">Magnetic Recording</a></li> <li><a href="/Magnetic_Videotape_Recording" title="Magnetic Videotape Recording">Magnetic Videotape Recording</a></li> <li><a href="/Magnetophon" title="Magnetophon">Magnetophon</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Warren_P._Mason" title="Oral-History:Warren P. Mason">Oral-History:Warren P. Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/Frank_Massa" title="Frank Massa">Frank Massa</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:James_L._Massey" title="Oral-History:James L. Massey">Oral-History:James L. Massey</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Earl_Masterson" title="Oral-History:Earl Masterson">Oral-History:Earl Masterson</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Joseph_Maxfield" title="Oral-History:Joseph Maxfield">Oral-History:Joseph Maxfield</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:John_Mayo" title="Oral-History:John Mayo">Oral-History:John Mayo</a></li> <li><a href="/Caldwell_McCoy" title="Caldwell McCoy">Caldwell McCoy</a></li> <li><a href="/McIntosh_Engineering_Labs" title="McIntosh Engineering Labs">McIntosh Engineering Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Wolfgang_Mecklenbrauker" title="Oral-History:Wolfgang Mecklenbrauker">Oral-History:Wolfgang Mecklenbrauker</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Lou_Meren" title="Oral-History:Lou Meren">Oral-History:Lou Meren</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Russell_Mersereau" title="Oral-History:Russell Mersereau">Oral-History:Russell Mersereau</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:David_G._Messerschmitt" title="Oral-History:David G. Messerschmitt">Oral-History:David G. Messerschmitt</a></li> <li><a href="/Scanning_Tunneling_and_Atomic_Force_Microscopes" title="Scanning Tunneling and Atomic Force Microscopes">Scanning Tunneling and Atomic Force Microscopes</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:David_Middleton_(2000)" title="Oral-History:David Middleton (2000)">Oral-History:David Middleton (2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Laurence_Milstein" title="Oral-History:Laurence Milstein">Oral-History:Laurence Milstein</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Jerry_B._Minter" title="Oral-History:Jerry B. Minter">Oral-History:Jerry B. Minter</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Sanjit_Mitra" title="Oral-History:Sanjit Mitra">Oral-History:Sanjit Mitra</a></li> <li><a href="/Moog" title="Moog">Moog</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Louis_F._Moose" title="Oral-History:Louis F. Moose">Oral-History:Louis F. Moose</a></li> <li><a href="/Jos%C3%A9_M._F._Moura" title="Jos茅 M. F. Moura">Jos茅 M. F. Moura</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>N</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Oral-History:Heitaro_Nakajima" title="Oral-History:Heitaro Nakajima">Oral-History:Heitaro Nakajima</a></li> <li><a href="/Archives:New_Developments_in_Signal_Generators" title="Archives:New Developments in Signal Generators">Archives:New Developments in Signal Generators</a></li> <li><a href="/Nipkow_Scanning_Disk" title="Nipkow Scanning Disk">Nipkow Scanning Disk</a></li> <li><a href="/Nipper_and_Friends" title="Nipper and Friends">Nipper and Friends</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Takao_Nishitani" title="Oral-History:Takao Nishitani">Oral-History:Takao Nishitani</a></li> <li><a href="/Takao_Nishitani" title="Takao Nishitani">Takao Nishitani</a></li> <li><a href="/Robert_D._Nowak" title="Robert D. Nowak">Robert D. Nowak</a></li> <li><a href="/Harry_Nyquist" title="Harry Nyquist">Harry Nyquist</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>O</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Oral-History:Harry_F._Olson" title="Oral-History:Harry F. Olson">Oral-History:Harry F. Olson</a></li> <li><a href="/Harry_Olson" title="Harry Olson">Harry Olson</a></li> <li><a href="/Technological_Innovations_and_the_Summer_Olympic_Games" title="Technological Innovations and the Summer Olympic Games">Technological Innovations and the Summer Olympic Games</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Russell_D._O%27Neal" title="Oral-History:Russell D. O'Neal">Oral-History:Russell D. O'Neal</a></li> <li><a href="/Yosiro_Oono" title="Yosiro Oono">Yosiro Oono</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Alan_Oppenheim" title="Oral-History:Alan Oppenheim">Oral-History:Alan Oppenheim</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>P</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Oral-History:Jorgen_Palshoj" title="Oral-History:Jorgen Palshoj">Oral-History:Jorgen Palshoj</a></li> <li><a href="/Athanasios_Papoulis" title="Athanasios Papoulis">Athanasios Papoulis</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Tom_Parks" title="Oral-History:Tom Parks">Oral-History:Tom Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/First-Hand:Phase_Noise" title="First-Hand:Phase Noise">First-Hand:Phase Noise</a></li> <li><a href="/Phonofilm" title="Phonofilm">Phonofilm</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:John_Pierce" title="Oral-History:John Pierce">Oral-History:John Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:John_Pierce_(Part_2)" title="Oral-History:John Pierce (Part 2)">Oral-History:John Pierce (Part 2)</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:John_Pierce_(Part_3)" title="Oral-History:John Pierce (Part 3)">Oral-History:John Pierce (Part 3)</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Ernest_Pollard" title="Oral-History:Ernest Pollard">Oral-History:Ernest Pollard</a></li> <li><a href="/H._Vincent_Poor" title="H. Vincent Poor">H. Vincent Poor</a></li> <li><a href="/Michael_R._Portnoff" title="Michael R. Portnoff">Michael R. Portnoff</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Robert_Pound" title="Oral-History:Robert Pound">Oral-History:Robert Pound</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Edward_Purcell" title="Oral-History:Edward Purcell">Oral-History:Edward Purcell</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>Q</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Quadraphonic_Stereo" title="Quadraphonic Stereo">Quadraphonic Stereo</a></li> <li><a href="/Calvin_F._Quate" title="Calvin F. Quate">Calvin F. Quate</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>R</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Lawrence_R._Rabiner" title="Lawrence R. Rabiner">Lawrence R. Rabiner</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Lawrence_Rabiner" title="Oral-History:Lawrence Rabiner">Oral-History:Lawrence Rabiner</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S_Naval_Research_Lab_and_the_Development_of_Radar" title="U.S Naval Research Lab and the Development of Radar">U.S Naval Research Lab and the Development of Radar</a></li> <li><a href="/Radar_tracking" title="Radar tracking">Radar tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/Charles_M._Rader" title="Charles M. Rader">Charles M. Rader</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Charles_Rader" title="Oral-History:Charles Rader">Oral-History:Charles Rader</a></li> <li><a href="/Milestones:NAIC/Arecibo_Radiotelescope,_1963" title="Milestones:NAIC/Arecibo Radiotelescope, 1963">Milestones:NAIC/Arecibo Radiotelescope, 1963</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Simon_Ramo" title="Oral-History:Simon Ramo">Oral-History:Simon Ramo</a></li> <li><a href="/Eberhardt_Rechtin" title="Eberhardt Rechtin">Eberhardt Rechtin</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Eberhardt_Rechtin" title="Oral-History:Eberhardt Rechtin">Oral-History:Eberhardt Rechtin</a></li> <li><a href="/Mass_Producing_Records" title="Mass Producing Records">Mass Producing Records</a></li> <li><a href="/Stephen_Rice" title="Stephen Rice">Stephen Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Randal_Robertson" title="Oral-History:Randal Robertson">Oral-History:Randal Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Enders_Robinson" title="Oral-History:Enders Robinson">Oral-History:Enders Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Nathaniel_Rochester" title="Oral-History:Nathaniel Rochester">Oral-History:Nathaniel Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="/Heinrich_Rohrer" title="Heinrich Rohrer">Heinrich Rohrer</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Ragnar_Rollefson" title="Oral-History:Ragnar Rollefson">Oral-History:Ragnar Rollefson</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Paul_Rosen" title="Oral-History:Paul Rosen">Oral-History:Paul Rosen</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Azriel_Rosenfeld" title="Oral-History:Azriel Rosenfeld">Oral-History:Azriel Rosenfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:John_Douglass_Ryder" title="Oral-History:John Douglass Ryder">Oral-History:John Douglass Ryder</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Chandos_Rypinski" title="Oral-History:Chandos Rypinski">Oral-History:Chandos Rypinski</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>S</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Oral-History:Theodore_Saad" title="Oral-History:Theodore Saad">Oral-History:Theodore Saad</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Murray_Sachs" title="Oral-History:Murray Sachs">Oral-History:Murray Sachs</a></li> <li><a href="/SAGE_(Semi-Automatic_Ground_Environment)" title="SAGE (Semi-Automatic Ground Environment)">SAGE (Semi-Automatic Ground Environment)</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Peter_Sandretto" title="Oral-History:Peter Sandretto">Oral-History:Peter Sandretto</a></li> <li><a href="/Norikazu_Sawazaki" title="Norikazu Sawazaki">Norikazu Sawazaki</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Ron_Schafer" title="Oral-History:Ron Schafer">Oral-History:Ron Schafer</a></li> <li><a href="/Louis_Scharf" title="Louis Scharf">Louis Scharf</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Louis_Scharf" title="Oral-History:Louis Scharf">Oral-History:Louis Scharf</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:William_F._Schreiber" title="Oral-History:William F. Schreiber">Oral-History:William F. Schreiber</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Manfred_Schroeder" title="Oral-History:Manfred Schroeder">Oral-History:Manfred Schroeder</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Hans_Wilhelm_Schuessler" title="Oral-History:Hans Wilhelm Schuessler">Oral-History:Hans Wilhelm Schuessler</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Herman_Schwan_(1992)" title="Oral-History:Herman Schwan (1992)">Oral-History:Herman Schwan (1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Catherine_Scott" title="Oral-History:Catherine Scott">Oral-History:Catherine Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Samuel_Seely" title="Oral-History:Samuel Seely">Oral-History:Samuel Seely</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Edwin_Douglas_Ramsay_Shearman" title="Oral-History:Edwin Douglas Ramsay Shearman">Oral-History:Edwin Douglas Ramsay Shearman</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Chalmers_Sherwin" title="Oral-History:Chalmers Sherwin">Oral-History:Chalmers Sherwin</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Ken%27ichi_Shinoda" title="Oral-History:Ken'ichi Shinoda">Oral-History:Ken'ichi Shinoda</a></li> <li><a href="/Apparatus_for_generating_a_heading_signal_for_a_land_vehicle_(Patent)" title="Apparatus for generating a heading signal for a land vehicle (Patent)">Apparatus for generating a heading signal for a land vehicle (Patent)</a></li> <li><a href="/Archives:Breakout:_The_1990s" title="Archives:Breakout: The 1990s">Archives:Breakout: The 1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/Archives:Digital_Signal_Processing_Comes_of_Age:_The_1970s" title="Archives:Digital Signal Processing Comes of Age: The 1970s">Archives:Digital Signal Processing Comes of Age: The 1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/Archives:Etched_in_Silicon:_The_1980s" title="Archives:Etched in Silicon: The 1980s">Archives:Etched in Silicon: The 1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/Archives:Going_Digital:_The_1960s" title="Archives:Going Digital: The 1960s">Archives:Going Digital: The 1960s</a></li> <li><a href="/Archives:Halcyon_Days_for_Audio_Engineering:_The_1950s" title="Archives:Halcyon Days for Audio Engineering: The 1950s">Archives:Halcyon Days for Audio Engineering: The 1950s</a></li> <li><a href="/Archives:What_Is_Signal_Processing%3F_A_Look_At_the_CD_Player" title="Archives:What Is Signal Processing? A Look At the CD Player">Archives:What Is Signal Processing? A Look At the CD Player</a></li> <li><a href="/Archives:Signal_Processing:_The_Emergence_of_a_Discipline,_1948-1998" title="Archives:Signal Processing: The Emergence of a Discipline, 1948-1998">Archives:Signal Processing: The Emergence of a Discipline, 1948-1998</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Jack_Sipress" title="Oral-History:Jack Sipress">Oral-History:Jack Sipress</a></li> <li><a href="/David_Slepian" title="David Slepian">David Slepian</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Chester_Smith" title="Oral-History:Chester Smith">Oral-History:Chester Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Philip_H._Smith" title="Oral-History:Philip H. Smith">Oral-History:Philip H. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Allan_Whitenack_Snyder" title="Oral-History:Allan Whitenack Snyder">Oral-History:Allan Whitenack Snyder</a></li> <li><a href="/Richard_W._Sonnenfeldt" title="Richard W. Sonnenfeldt">Richard W. Sonnenfeldt</a></li> <li><a href="/Sound_Motion_Picture_Technology" title="Sound Motion Picture Technology">Sound Motion Picture Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/Andreas_Spanias" title="Andreas Spanias">Andreas Spanias</a></li> <li><a href="/Milestones:Speak_%26_Spell,_the_First_Use_of_a_Digital_Signal_Processing_IC_for_Speech_Generation,_1978" title="Milestones:Speak & Spell, the First Use of a Digital Signal Processing IC for Speech Generation, 1978">Milestones:Speak & Spell, the First Use of a Digital Signal Processing IC for Speech Generation, 1978</a></li> <li><a href="/Sportvision" title="Sportvision">Sportvision</a></li> <li><a href="/Stereophonic_Sound" title="Stereophonic Sound">Stereophonic Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:H._Guyford_Stever" title="Oral-History:H. Guyford Stever">Oral-History:H. Guyford Stever</a></li> <li><a href="/Thomas_G._Stockham" title="Thomas G. Stockham">Thomas G. Stockham</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Irving_Stokes" title="Oral-History:Irving Stokes">Oral-History:Irving Stokes</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:George_Wilhelm_Stroke" title="Oral-History:George Wilhelm Stroke">Oral-History:George Wilhelm Stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Virginia_Powell_Strong" title="Oral-History:Virginia Powell Strong">Oral-History:Virginia Powell Strong</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Takashi_Sugiyama" title="Oral-History:Takashi Sugiyama">Oral-History:Takashi Sugiyama</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Leo_Sullivan" title="Oral-History:Leo Sullivan">Oral-History:Leo Sullivan</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>T</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Oral-History:Gerald_F._Tape" title="Oral-History:Gerald F. Tape">Oral-History:Gerald F. Tape</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Gordon_K._Teal" title="Oral-History:Gordon K. Teal">Oral-History:Gordon K. Teal</a></li> <li><a href="/Telarc,_Frederick_Fennell,_and_an_Overture_to_Digital_Recording" title="Telarc, Frederick Fennell, and an Overture to Digital Recording">Telarc, Frederick Fennell, and an Overture to Digital Recording</a></li> <li><a href="/Telegraphone" title="Telegraphone">Telegraphone</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Helen_Thomas" title="Oral-History:Helen Thomas">Oral-History:Helen Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/John_S._Thompson" title="John S. Thompson">John S. Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Charles_Townes_(1991)" title="Oral-History:Charles Townes (1991)">Oral-History:Charles Townes (1991)</a></li> <li><a href="/Transcontinental_Telephone_Service" title="Transcontinental Telephone Service">Transcontinental Telephone Service</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>U</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Oral-History:Gottfried_Ungerboeck" title="Oral-History:Gottfried Ungerboeck">Oral-History:Gottfried Ungerboeck</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>V</h3> <ul><li><a href="/P.P._Vaidyanathan" title="P.P. Vaidyanathan">P.P. Vaidyanathan</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:George_E._Valley" title="Oral-History:George E. Valley">Oral-History:George E. Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Guido_Vannucchi" title="Oral-History:Guido Vannucchi">Oral-History:Guido Vannucchi</a></li> <li><a href="/Martin_Vetterli" title="Martin Vetterli">Martin Vetterli</a></li> <li><a href="/VHS_Standard" title="VHS Standard">VHS Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/Victor_Talking_Machine_Company" title="Victor Talking Machine Company">Victor Talking Machine Company</a></li> <li><a href="/Milestones:Development_of_VHS,_a_World_Standard_for_Home_Video_Recording,_1976" title="Milestones:Development of VHS, a World Standard for Home Video Recording, 1976">Milestones:Development of VHS, a World Standard for Home Video Recording, 1976</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Andrew_Viterbi" title="Oral-History:Andrew Viterbi">Oral-History:Andrew Viterbi</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>W</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Oral-History:Glen_Wade" title="Oral-History:Glen Wade">Oral-History:Glen Wade</a></li> <li><a href="/David_Warren" title="David Warren">David Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Ernst_Weber_(1988)" title="Oral-History:Ernst Weber (1988)">Oral-History:Ernst Weber (1988)</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Ernst_Weber_(1991)" title="Oral-History:Ernst Weber (1991)">Oral-History:Ernst Weber (1991)</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Paul_K._Weimer" title="Oral-History:Paul K. Weimer">Oral-History:Paul K. Weimer</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Herbert_Weiss" title="Oral-History:Herbert Weiss">Oral-History:Herbert Weiss</a></li> <li><a href="/Edward_C._Wente" title="Edward C. Wente">Edward C. Wente</a></li> <li><a href="/James_E._West" title="James E. West">James E. West</a></li> <li><a href="/Archives:From_Automatic_Volume_Control_to_the_Stationmaster_Antenna:_Harold_Alden_Wheeler_and_Applied_Electronics" title="Archives:From Automatic Volume Control to the Stationmaster Antenna: Harold Alden Wheeler and Applied Electronics">Archives:From Automatic Volume Control to the Stationmaster Antenna: Harold Alden Wheeler and Applied Electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Harold_Wheeler_(1991)" title="Oral-History:Harold Wheeler (1991)">Oral-History:Harold Wheeler (1991)</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:John_Whinnery" title="Oral-History:John Whinnery">Oral-History:John Whinnery</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Stanley_A._White" title="Oral-History:Stanley A. White">Oral-History:Stanley A. White</a></li> <li><a href="/Michael_Wicks" title="Michael Wicks">Michael Wicks</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Bernard_Widrow" title="Oral-History:Bernard Widrow">Oral-History:Bernard Widrow</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Jerome_Wiesner" title="Oral-History:Jerome Wiesner">Oral-History:Jerome Wiesner</a></li> <li><a href="/Alan_S._Willsky" title="Alan S. Willsky">Alan S. Willsky</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Irving_Wolff" title="Oral-History:Irving Wolff">Oral-History:Irving Wolff</a></li> <li><a href="/J._Guy_Woodward" title="J. Guy Woodward">J. Guy Woodward</a></li> <li><a href="/Bruce_A._Wooley" title="Bruce A. Wooley">Bruce A. Wooley</a></li> <li><a href="/Stephen_J._Wright" title="Stephen J. Wright">Stephen J. Wright</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>Y</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Yamaha_DX-7" title="Yamaha DX-7">Yamaha DX-7</a></li> <li><a href="/Oral-History:Susumo_Yoshida" title="Oral-History:Susumo Yoshida">Oral-History:Susumo Yoshida</a></li> <li><a href="/Steve_Young" title="Steve Young">Steve Young</a></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>Z</h3> <ul><li><a href="/Oral-History:Lars_Zetterberg" title="Oral-History:Lars Zetterberg">Oral-History:Lars Zetterberg</a></li> <li><a href="/Victor_Zue" title="Victor Zue">Victor Zue</a></li></ul></div></div></div> </div><div id="mw-category-media"> <h2>Media in category "Signals"</h2> <p>This category contains only the following file. </p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:26.5px auto;"><a href="/File:Ft_Monmouth_Signal_Corps_1934_1196.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" 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" 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