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id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the album, see <a href="/wiki/Hung_Jury_(album)" title="Hung Jury (album)"><i>Hung Jury</i> (album)</a>.</div> <p>A <b>hung jury</b>, also called a <b>deadlocked jury</b>, is a judicial <a href="/wiki/Jury" title="Jury">jury</a> that cannot agree upon a <a href="/wiki/Verdict" title="Verdict">verdict</a> after extended <a href="/wiki/Deliberation" title="Deliberation">deliberation</a> and is unable to reach the required unanimity or <a href="/wiki/Supermajority" title="Supermajority">supermajority</a>. A hung jury may result in the case being tried again. </p><p>This situation can occur only in <a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">common law</a> legal systems. <a href="/wiki/Civil_law_(legal_system)" title="Civil law (legal system)">Civil law</a> systems either do not use juries at all or provide that the defendant is immediately acquitted if the majority or supermajority required for conviction is not reached during a singular, solemn vote. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Australia"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Australia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Canada"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Canada</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#New_Zealand"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">New Zealand</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#United_Kingdom"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">United Kingdom</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#England_and_Wales"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">England and Wales</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Scotland"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Scotland</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#United_States"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">United States</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Hung_jury_in_capital_sentencing"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Hung jury in capital sentencing</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Australia">Australia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Hung_jury&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Australia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Majority (or supermajority verdicts) are in force in South Australia, Tasmania, Western Australia, the Northern Territory, Victoria, New South Wales, and Queensland. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Capital_Territory" title="Australian Capital Territory">Australian Capital Territory</a> and Commonwealth courts require unanimous verdicts in criminal (but not civil) trials.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Canada">Canada</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Hung_jury&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Canada" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, the jury must reach a unanimous decision on criminal cases. If the jury cannot reach a unanimous decision, a hung jury is declared. A new panel of jurors will be selected for the retrial. Each jury in criminal courts contains 12 jurors. In civil cases, only six people are necessary for a jury, and if there is only one dissenter (i.e. a 5–1 vote), the dissenter can be ignored with the majority opinion becoming the final verdict.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="New_Zealand">New Zealand</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Hung_jury&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: New Zealand" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>In <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, the jury must try to reach a unanimous verdict. If the jury cannot reach a unanimous verdict after a reasonable time given the nature and complexity of the case (but not less than four hours), then the court may accept a majority verdict. In criminal cases, an all-but-one vote is needed (i.e. 11–1 with a full jury); in civil cases, a three-quarters (75%) vote is needed (i.e. 9–3 with a full jury).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>If the jury fails to reach either a unanimous or majority verdict after a reasonable time, the presiding judge may declare a hung jury.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ordinarily there will be a new trial.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If the retrial also results in a hung jury, the case must be referred to the <a href="/wiki/Solicitor-General_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Solicitor-General of New Zealand">Solicitor-General</a>, who will generally issue a <a href="/wiki/Stay_of_proceedings" title="Stay of proceedings">stay of proceedings</a> unless there are compelling reasons to proceed with a third trial.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Hung_jury&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: United Kingdom" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="England_and_Wales">England and Wales</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Hung_jury&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: England and Wales" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/England_and_Wales" title="England and Wales">England and Wales</a> a majority of at least 10 votes out of 12 is needed for a verdict. If fewer jurors remain, majorities allowed are 11–0, 10–1, 10–0, 9–1 and 9–0. Failure to reach this may lead to a <a href="/wiki/Retrial" class="mw-redirect" title="Retrial">retrial</a> (<i>R v. Bertrand</i>, 1807). </p><p>Initially, the jury will be directed to try to reach a unanimous verdict. If they fail to reach a unanimous verdict, the judge may later (after more than two hours<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) give directions that a majority verdict will be acceptable, although the jury should continue to try to reach a unanimous verdict if possible. </p><p>When the jury is called to deliver a verdict after majority directions have been given, a careful protocol of questions is followed: only in the event of a guilty verdict is it asked whether all jurors were agreed on that verdict, to prevent any acquittal from being tainted by it being disclosed that any jurors dissented. The protocol is followed separately for each charge.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scotland">Scotland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Hung_jury&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Scotland" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>It is not possible to have a hung jury in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> in <a href="/wiki/Scottish_criminal_law" title="Scottish criminal law">criminal cases</a>. Juries consist of 15, and verdicts are decided by simple majority (eight) of the initial membership. If jurors drop out because of illness or another reason, the trial can continue with a minimum of 12 jurors, but the support of eight jurors is needed for a guilty verdict; anything less is treated as an acquittal.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In civil cases there is a jury of 12, with a minimum of 10 needed to continue the trial. It is possible to have a hung jury if there is a tied vote after three hours' deliberation.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="United_States">United States</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Hung_jury&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: United States" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p>Majority verdicts are not allowed in civilian criminal cases in the United States. A hung jury results in a <a href="/wiki/Mistrial_(law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mistrial (law)">mistrial</a>. The case may be <a href="/wiki/Retrial" class="mw-redirect" title="Retrial">retried</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Perez" title="United States v. Perez">United States v. Perez</a></i>, 1824). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>, which was historically influenced by the French <a href="/wiki/Civil_law_(legal_system)" title="Civil law (legal system)">civil law</a> system, and <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a> used to allow 10–2 majority verdicts. In the 2020 case <i><a href="/wiki/Ramos_v._Louisiana" title="Ramos v. Louisiana">Ramos v. Louisiana</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">U.S. Supreme Court</a> ruled that a jury must vote unanimously to convict in any criminal offense that requires a <a href="/wiki/Jury_trial" title="Jury trial">jury trial</a>. </p><p>Some jurisdictions permit the court to give the jury a so-called <a href="/wiki/Allen_v._United_States_(1896)" title="Allen v. United States (1896)">Allen charge</a>, inviting the dissenting jurors to re-examine their opinions, as a last-ditch effort to prevent the jury from hanging. The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Rules_of_Criminal_Procedure" title="Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure">Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure</a> state, "The verdict must be unanimous. ... If there are multiple defendants, the jury may return a verdict at any time during its deliberations as to any defendant about whom it has agreed. ... If the jury cannot agree on all counts as to any defendant, the jury may return a verdict on those counts on which it has agreed. ... If the jury cannot agree on a verdict on one or more counts, the court may declare a mistrial on those counts. A hung jury does not imply either the defendant's guilt or innocence. The government may retry any defendant on any count on which the jury could not agree."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In jurisdictions giving those involved in the case a choice of jury size (such as between a six-person and twelve-person jury), defense counsel in both civil and criminal cases frequently opt for the larger number of jurors. A common axiom in criminal cases is that "it takes only one to hang," referring to the fact that in some cases, a single juror can defeat the required unanimity. </p><p>One proposal for dealing with the difficulties associated with hung juries has been to introduce <a href="/wiki/Supermajority" title="Supermajority">supermajority</a> verdicts to allow juries to convict defendants without unanimous agreements amongst the jurors. Hence, a 12-member jury that would otherwise be deadlocked at 11 for conviction and one against, would be recorded as a guilty verdict. The rationale for majority verdicts usually includes arguments related to so-called 'rogue jurors', who unreasonably impede the course of justice. Opponents of majority verdicts argue that it undermines public confidence in criminal justice systems and results in a higher number of individuals to be convicted of crimes they did not commit. </p><p>In United States military justice, there are no hung juries. If the threshold for a conviction is not met, the defendant is acquitted. Article 52 of the <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Code_of_Military_Justice" title="Uniform Code of Military Justice">Uniform Code of Military Justice</a> (10 U.S.C. Chapter 47) specifies the minimum number of court-martial panel members required to return a verdict of guilty. In a capital case, a unanimous vote of all panel members is required to convict on a capital charge. </p><p>In all other cases, only a three-fourths vote is required to convict. Additionally, the <a href="/wiki/Manual_for_Courts-Martial" title="Manual for Courts-Martial">Manual for Courts-Martial</a> requires only a judge and a specified number of panel members in all non-capital cases (eight for a general court-martial or three for a special court-martial; no panel is seated for a summary court-martial). In capital cases, a panel of 12 members is required. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hung_jury_in_capital_sentencing">Hung jury in capital sentencing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Hung_jury&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Hung jury in capital sentencing" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Of the 27 U.S. states with the <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States" title="Capital punishment in the United States">death penalty</a>, 25 require the sentence to be decided by a jury. </p><p>Nebraska is the only state in which the sentence is decided by a three-judge panel. If the panel is not unanimous, the defendant is sentenced to life imprisonment.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Montana is the only state where the trial judge alone decides the sentence.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In all states in which the jury decides the sentence, only <a href="/wiki/Death-qualified_jury" title="Death-qualified jury">death-qualified</a> prospective jurors can be selected for such a jury, to exclude both people who will always vote for the death sentence and those who are categorically opposed to it. </p><p>However, these states differ on what happens if the penalty phase results in a hung jury:<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>In five states (Alabama, Arizona, California, Kentucky and Nevada), a <a href="/wiki/Retrial" class="mw-redirect" title="Retrial">retrial</a> of the penalty phase will be conducted before a different jury (the common-law rule for mistrial).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In two states (Indiana and Missouri), the judge will decide the sentence.</li> <li>In the remaining states, a hung jury results in <a href="/wiki/Life_imprisonment" title="Life imprisonment">life imprisonment</a>, even if only one juror opposed death. Federal law also provides that outcome.</li></ul> <p>The first outcome is referred as the "true unanimity" rule, while the third has been criticized as the "single-juror veto" rule.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Hung_jury&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.justice.gov.uk/criminal/procrules_fin/contents/practice_direction/part4.htm">the original</a> on 23 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Part+IV%3A+Further+Practice+Directions+Applying+in+The+Crown+Court&rft.date=2010-05-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.justice.gov.uk%2Fcriminal%2Fprocrules_fin%2Fcontents%2Fpractice_direction%2Fpart4.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHung+jury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oqps.gov.uk/legislation/uk/acts/acts1995/ukpga_19950046_en_9#pt7-pb8-l1g90">Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1995</a> section 90</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Geo5/23-24/41/section/11s">http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Geo5/23-24/41/section/11s</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2016">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/rules/frcrmp/rule_31"><i>Rule 31</i></a>, Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rule+31&rft.pub=Federal+Rules+of+Criminal+Procedure&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.cornell.edu%2Frules%2Ffrcrmp%2Frule_31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHung+jury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://law.justia.com/codes/nebraska/2014/chapter-29/statute-29-2521/">"2014 Nebraska Revised Statutes – Chapter 29 – CRIMINAL PROCEDURE – 29-2521 – Sentencing determination proceeding"</a>. law.justia.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 16,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2014+Nebraska+Revised+Statutes+%E2%80%93+Chapter+29+%E2%80%93+CRIMINAL+PROCEDURE+%E2%80%93+29-2521+%E2%80%93+Sentencing+determination+proceeding.&rft.pub=law.justia.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flaw.justia.com%2Fcodes%2Fnebraska%2F2014%2Fchapter-29%2Fstatute-29-2521%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHung+jury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://leg.mt.gov/bills/mca/title_0460/chapter_0180/part_0030/section_0010/0460-0180-0030-0010.html">"46-18-301. Hearing on imposition of death penalty"</a>. leg.mt.gov<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 16,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=46-18-301.+Hearing+on+imposition+of+death+penalty.&rft.pub=leg.mt.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fleg.mt.gov%2Fbills%2Fmca%2Ftitle_0460%2Fchapter_0180%2Fpart_0030%2Fsection_0010%2F0460-0180-0030-0010.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHung+jury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/documents/JuryDeadlockLaws.pdf">"Provisions of state and federal statutes concerning sentence if capital sentencing jury cannot agree"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. A. Parrent, Conn. Public Def<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 15,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Provisions+of+state+and+federal+statutes+concerning+sentence+if+capital+sentencing+jury+cannot+agree&rft.pub=A.+Parrent%2C+Conn.+Public+Def&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deathpenaltyinfo.org%2Fdocuments%2FJuryDeadlockLaws.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHung+jury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/stories/life-verdict-or-hung-jury-how-states-treat-non-unanimous-jury-votes-in-capital-sentencing-proceedings">"Life Verdict or Hung Jury? How States Treat Non-Unanimous Jury Votes in Capital-Sentencing Proceedings"</a>. deathpenaltyinfo.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 22,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Life+Verdict+or+Hung+Jury%3F+How+States+Treat+Non-Unanimous+Jury+Votes+in+Capital-Sentencing+Proceedings&rft.pub=deathpenaltyinfo.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeathpenaltyinfo.org%2Fstories%2Flife-verdict-or-hung-jury-how-states-treat-non-unanimous-jury-votes-in-capital-sentencing-proceedings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHung+jury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2017/0280/">"SB 280: Sentencing for Capital Felonies"</a>. flsenate.gov<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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