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<li id="toc-Early_years_and_government_coalitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_years_and_government_coalitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early years and government coalitions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_years_and_government_coalitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decline_and_re-foundation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decline_and_re-foundation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Decline and re-foundation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decline_and_re-foundation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popular_support" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_support"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> 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id="toc-Italian_Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>European Parliament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regional_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Regional elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regional_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Symbols</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leadership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leadership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Leadership</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leadership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul 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Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partit_Socialista_Democr%C3%A0tic_Itali%C3%A0" title="Partit Socialista Democràtic Italià – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Partit Socialista Democràtic Italià" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italsk%C3%A1_demokratick%C3%A1_socialistick%C3%A1_strana" title="Italská demokratická socialistická strana – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Italská demokratická socialistická strana" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partito_Socialista_Democratico_Italiano" title="Partito Socialista Democratico Italiano – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Partito Socialista Democratico Italiano" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_Socialista_Democr%C3%A1tico_Italiano" title="Partido Socialista Democrático Italiano – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Partido Socialista Democrático Italiano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parti_social-d%C3%A9mocrate_italien" title="Parti social-démocrate italien – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Parti social-démocrate italien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%ED%83%88%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EB%8B%B9" title="이탈리아 민주사회당 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이탈리아 민주사회당" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partito_Socialista_Democratico_Italiano" title="Partito Socialista Democratico Italiano – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Partito Socialista Democratico Italiano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factio_Socialistica_Democratica_Italica" title="Factio Socialistica Democratica Italica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Factio Socialistica Democratica Italica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociaaldemocratische_Partij_van_Itali%C3%AB" title="Sociaaldemocratische Partij van Italië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sociaaldemocratische Partij van Italië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%85%9A" title="イタリア民主社会党 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イタリア民主社会党" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82oska_Partia_Socjaldemokratyczna" title="Włoska Partia Socjaldemokratyczna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Włoska Partia Socjaldemokratyczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_Socialista_Democr%C3%A1tico_Italiano" title="Partido Socialista Democrático Italiano – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Partido Socialista Democrático Italiano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Итальянская демократическая социалистическая партия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Итальянская демократическая социалистическая партия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partitu_Sucialista_Dimucr%C3%A0ticu_Italianu" title="Partitu Sucialista Dimucràticu Italianu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Partitu Sucialista Dimucràticu Italianu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_demokraattinen_sosialistipuolue" title="Italian demokraattinen sosialistipuolue – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Italian demokraattinen sosialistipuolue" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italienska_demokratiska_socialistpartiet" title="Italienska demokratiska socialistpartiet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Italienska demokratiska socialistpartiet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Італійська демократична соціалістична партія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Італійська демократична соціалістична партія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li 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searchaux" style="display:none">Italian political party</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the modern-day party, see <a href="/wiki/Italian_Democratic_Socialist_Party_(2004)" title="Italian Democratic Socialist Party (2004)">Italian Democratic Socialist Party (2004)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other parties which claimed the heritage of the original PSDI, see <a href="/wiki/European_Liberal_Social_Democracy" title="European Liberal Social Democracy">European Liberal Social Democracy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Rebirth" title="Social Democratic Rebirth">Social Democratic Rebirth</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Social_Democrats_(Italy)" title="Social Democrats (Italy)">Social Democrats (Italy)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #FF8282; border-bottom:2px solid #FF8282; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Italian Democratic Socialist Party</div> <div style="font-size: 0.8em; padding-top:0.3em;" class="nickname">Partito Socialista Democratico Italiano</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_PSDI_(1948-1966)_(1969-1983).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Logo_of_the_PSDI_%281948-1966%29_%281969-1983%29.svg/150px-Logo_of_the_PSDI_%281948-1966%29_%281969-1983%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Logo_of_the_PSDI_%281948-1966%29_%281969-1983%29.svg/225px-Logo_of_the_PSDI_%281948-1966%29_%281969-1983%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Logo_of_the_PSDI_%281948-1966%29_%281969-1983%29.svg/300px-Logo_of_the_PSDI_%281948-1966%29_%281969-1983%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.3em;">PSDI</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Leading figures</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Saragat" title="Giuseppe Saragat">Giuseppe Saragat</a> (first)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Vizzini" title="Carlo Vizzini">Carlo Vizzini</a> (last)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Saragat" title="Giuseppe Saragat">Giuseppe Saragat</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">11 January 1947<span class="noprint">; 77 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1947-01-11</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Dissolved</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">10 May 1998<span class="noprint">; 26 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend">1998-05-10</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Split from</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Socialist_Party" title="Italian Socialist Party">Italian Socialist Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Merged into</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Democratic_Socialists" title="Italian Democratic Socialists">Italian Democratic Socialists</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Largo Toniolo 16, <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Newspaper</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><i>L'Umanità</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Youth_wing" title="Youth wing">Youth wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Young Social Democrats</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Centre-left_politics" title="Centre-left politics">Centre-left</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">National affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centrism_(Italy)" title="Centrism (Italy)">Centrist coalition</a> (1947–1958)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Organic_centre-left" title="Organic centre-left">Organic centre-left</a> (1962–1976)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Socialist_Party_(Italy)" title="Unified Socialist Party (Italy)">Unified Socialist Party</a> (1966–1971)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Pentapartito" title="Pentapartito">Pentapartito</a> (1980–1993)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Quadripartito" class="mw-redirect" title="Quadripartito">Quadripartito</a> (1991–1994)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/European_political_party" title="European political party">European affiliation</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a> (1992–1994)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Political groups of the European Parliament">European Parliament group</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats" title="Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats">Party of European Socialists</a> (1979–1994)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Forza_Europa" title="Forza Europa">Forza Europa</a> (1994–1995)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">International affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_International" title="Socialist International">Socialist International</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colours</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#D60709; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Red_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Red (politics)">Red</a> (official)</li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF8282; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> Pink (customary)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #FF8282;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Italy" title="Politics of Italy">Politics of Italy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Italy" title="List of political parties in Italy">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Italy" title="Elections in Italy">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Italian Democratic Socialist Party</b> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Partito Socialista Democratico Italiano</i>, <b>PSDI</b>), also known as <b>Italian Social Democratic Party</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a <a href="/wiki/Social-democratic" class="mw-redirect" title="Social-democratic">social-democratic</a> political party in Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The longest serving partner in government for <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_(Italy)" title="Christian Democracy (Italy)">Christian Democracy</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the PSDI was an important force in <a href="/wiki/Italian_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian politics">Italian politics</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> before the 1990s decline in votes and members. The party's founder and longstanding leader was <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Saragat" title="Giuseppe Saragat">Giuseppe Saragat</a>, who served as <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Italian_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Italian Republic">President of the Italian Republic</a> from 1964 to 1971. Compared to the like-minded <a href="/wiki/Italian_Socialist_Party" title="Italian Socialist Party">Italian Socialist Party</a>, it was more <a href="/wiki/Centrist" class="mw-redirect" title="Centrist">centrist</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ideologia_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ideologia-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at least until <a href="/wiki/Bettino_Craxi" title="Bettino Craxi">Bettino Craxi</a>'s leadership, infact, it identified with the centre-left.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After a rightward shift in the 1990s, which led some observers to question the PSDI as a social democratic party, it was expelled from the <a href="/wiki/European_Socialist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="European Socialist Party">European Socialist Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bonoli_&_Powell_2004,_p._84_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bonoli_&_Powell_2004,_p._84-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Ferri_(politician)" title="Enrico Ferri (politician)">Enrico Ferri</a> founded with <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Preti" title="Luigi Preti">Luigi Preti</a> the current European Liberal Social Democracy (SOLE), which was in favour of an alliance with <a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Silvio Berlusconi</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Centre-right_coalition_(Italy)" title="Centre-right coalition (Italy)">centre-right coalition</a>, the choice was stigmatized by the PES and the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_International" title="Socialist International">Socialist International</a>, and an official statement was issued. In January 1995, the party congress put the current of Ferri and Preti in the minority and elected <a href="/wiki/Gian_Franco_Schietroma" title="Gian Franco Schietroma">Gian Franco Schietroma</a> as secretary. After the party was disbanded in 1998, the majority went to the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Socialist_Party_(2007)" title="Italian Socialist Party (2007)">Socialist Party</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Centre-left_coalition_(Italy)" title="Centre-left coalition (Italy)">centre-left coalition</a>, while the party's right-wing current joined centre-right coalition parties. In 2004, the party was established with the same name, <a href="/wiki/Italian_Democratic_Socialist_Party_(2004)" title="Italian Democratic Socialist Party (2004)">Italian Democratic Socialist Party</a>, which remains a <a href="/wiki/Minor_party" title="Minor party">minor party</a> associated with both centre-left and centre-right coalitions. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_Democratic_Socialist_Party&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years_and_government_coalitions">Early years and government coalitions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_Democratic_Socialist_Party&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early years and government coalitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The party was founded as the <b>Socialist Party of Italian Workers</b> (PSLI) in 1947 by a splinter group of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Socialist_Party" title="Italian Socialist Party">Italian Socialist Party</a> (PSI) due to the decision of the latter to join the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Communist_Party" title="Italian Communist Party">Italian Communist Party</a> (PCI) in the <a href="/wiki/Popular_Democratic_Front_(Italy)" title="Popular Democratic Front (Italy)">Popular Democratic Front</a>'s electoral list for the <a href="/wiki/1948_Italian_general_election" title="1948 Italian general election">1948 Italian general election</a>. The split, led by <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Saragat" title="Giuseppe Saragat">Giuseppe Saragat</a> and the sons of <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Matteotti" title="Giacomo Matteotti">Giacomo Matteotti</a>, took the name ofs<i>cissione di Palazzo Barberini</i>, from the name of a palace in Rome where it took place. On 1 May 1951, it joined forces with the smaller <a href="/wiki/Unitary_Socialist_Party_(Italy,_1949)" title="Unitary Socialist Party (Italy, 1949)">Unitary Socialist Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Labour_Democratic_Party" title="Labour Democratic Party">Labour Democratic Party</a> and took the name <b>Socialist Party – Italian Section of the Socialist International</b> (PS–SIIS). On 7 January 1952, the PS–SIIS was ultimately renamed Italian Democratic Socialist Party (PSDI). From 1949 to 1965, members of the PSDI held the presidency of the <i>Istituto Nazionale di Previdenza Sociale</i> (INPS).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1966, the party joined the PSI to form the <a href="/wiki/Unified_Socialist_Party_(Italy)" title="Unified Socialist Party (Italy)">Unified Socialist Party</a>. In 1969, after a disappointing result at the <a href="/wiki/1968_Italian_general_election" title="1968 Italian general election">1968 Italian general election</a>, it left the new unified party, taking the name <b>Unitary Socialist Party</b> (PSU).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It returned to the PSDI name in 1971. In 1980, the party joined <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_(Italy)" title="Christian Democracy (Italy)">Christian Democracy</a> (DC), the PSI, the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Republican_Party" title="Italian Republican Party">Italian Republican Party</a> (PRI), and the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Liberal_Party" title="Italian Liberal Party">Italian Liberal Party</a> (PLI) in the five-party coalition (<i><a href="/wiki/Pentapartito" title="Pentapartito">Pentapartito</a></i>), which ruled the country until 1991, and until 1994 without the PRI. The party's role in the coalition was minimal and was over-shadowed by the more powerful PSI. The PSDI was a member of <a href="/wiki/Socialist_International" title="Socialist International">Socialist International</a> and a founder member of the <a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a> (PES). Its members of the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> sat within the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats" title="Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats">Socialist Group</a> since 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1994, having grown increasingly conservative among social democratic parties, the PSDI was expelled from the PES.<sup id="cite_ref-Bonoli_&_Powell_2004,_p._84_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bonoli_&_Powell_2004,_p._84-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decline_and_re-foundation">Decline and re-foundation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_Democratic_Socialist_Party&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Decline and re-foundation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The PSDI was involved in the <a href="/wiki/Political_corruption" title="Political corruption">corruption</a> scandals known as <i><a href="/wiki/Tangentopoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Tangentopoli">Tangentopoli</a></i> and almost disappeared from the political scene. The <a href="/wiki/1994_Italian_general_election" title="1994 Italian general election">1994 Italian general election</a> resulted in an almost overnight decline of the <i>Pentapartito</i> coalition parties and the rise of <a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Silvio Berlusconi</a>-led <a href="/wiki/Forza_Italia" title="Forza Italia">Forza Italia</a>, which absorbed many PSDI voters. In January 1995, <a href="/wiki/Gian_Franco_Schietroma" title="Gian Franco Schietroma">Gian Franco Schietroma</a> was elected national secretary of the party replacing <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Ferri_(politician)" title="Enrico Ferri (politician)">Enrico Ferri</a>, who wanted to join the centre-right <a href="/wiki/Pole_of_Freedoms" title="Pole of Freedoms">Pole of Freedoms</a>. The followers of Ferri left and established the <a href="/wiki/European_Liberal_Social_Democracy" title="European Liberal Social Democracy">European Liberal Social Democracy</a> and joined the centre-right <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Centre" title="Christian Democratic Centre">Christian Democratic Centre</a> (CDC). </p><p>In 1998, the party, led by Schietroma, finally merged with the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Socialists" title="Italian Socialists">Italian Socialists</a>, one of the successor parties of the PSI, to form the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Democratic_Socialists" title="Italian Democratic Socialists">Italian Democratic Socialists</a>. By then, most members and voters of the party have joined other parties: Forza Italia (as <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Vizzini" title="Carlo Vizzini">Carlo Vizzini</a>, party leader in 1992–1993), the CDC (as Ferri, party leader in 1993–1995), and <a href="/wiki/The_Democrats_(Italy)" title="The Democrats (Italy)">The Democrats</a> (as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franco_Bruno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franco Bruno (page does not exist)">Franco Bruno</a>). The party was re-established in 2004 with the same name, <a href="/wiki/Italian_Democratic_Socialist_Party_(2004)" title="Italian Democratic Socialist Party (2004)">Italian Democratic Socialist Party</a>, as the continuation of the party of Saragat, so that the new PSDI numbers its congresses in perfect continuity with the late PSDI. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popular_support">Popular support</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_Democratic_Socialist_Party&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Popular support"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Giuseppe_Saragat_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Giuseppe_Saragat_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Giuseppe_Saragat_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Giuseppe_Saragat_%28cropped%29.jpg/270px-Giuseppe_Saragat_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Giuseppe_Saragat_%28cropped%29.jpg/360px-Giuseppe_Saragat_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="389" data-file-height="543" /></a><figcaption>Party leader <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Saragat" title="Giuseppe Saragat">Giuseppe Saragat</a> in 1964</figcaption></figure> <p>The PSDI had its best result at its first appearance in the <a href="/wiki/1948_Italian_general_election" title="1948 Italian general election">1948 Italian general election</a>, when it gained 7.1% of the vote. In that occasion, the party was successful in stealing many votes from the PSI, which was damaged by the split as well as by the alliance with the PCI in the <a href="/wiki/Popular_Democratic_Front_(Italy)" title="Popular Democratic Front (Italy)">Popular Democratic Front</a>. The PSDI found its heartlands in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Italy" title="Northern Italy">Northern Italy</a>: 12.9% in the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Turin" title="Province of Turin">Province of Turin</a>, 11.9% in <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Cuneo" title="Province of Cuneo">Cuneo</a>, 10.6% in <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Milan" title="Province of Milan">Milan</a>, 13.9% in <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Sondrio" title="Province of Sondrio">Sondrio</a>, 12.6% in <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Treviso" title="Province of Treviso">Treviso</a>, 15.9% in <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Belluno" title="Province of Belluno">Belluno</a>, and 14.9% in <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Udine" title="Province of Udine">Udine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Starting in the <a href="/wiki/1953_Italian_general_election" title="1953 Italian general election">1953 Italian general election</a>, the party's support was around 4–5%, with the sole exception of the <a href="/wiki/1963_Italian_general_election" title="1963 Italian general election">1963 Italian general election</a>, when it gained 6.1%. In the <a href="/wiki/1992_Italian_general_election" title="1992 Italian general election">1992 Italian general election</a>, the last before <i><a href="/wiki/Tangentopoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Tangentopoli">Tangentopoli</a></i>, the PSDI won 2.7%. The party maintained for decades its strongholds in the North-West and North-East; since the 1960s, it started to gain support in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Italy" title="Southern Italy">Southern Italy</a>. By the <a href="/wiki/1987_Italian_general_election" title="1987 Italian general election">1987 Italian general election</a>, the party's strongholds had moved South, especially <a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Campania" title="Campania">Campania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basilicata" title="Basilicata">Basilicata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> similarly to what also the other parties of <i>Pentapartito</i> (DC, PSI, PRI, and PLI) were experiencing. This was partly due to the growth of <a href="/wiki/Regionalism_(politics)" title="Regionalism (politics)">regionalist</a> parties in the North, which were united in <a href="/wiki/Lega_Nord" title="Lega Nord">Lega Nord</a> starting in 1991. After <i>Tangentopoli</i>, <i>Mani pulite</i>, and subsequent political crisis, the PSDI almost disappeared electorally; it retained some support locally in the South, especially in Apulia. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The electoral results of PSDI in general (<a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Chamber of Deputies</a>) and <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> elections since 1948 are shown in the chart above. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_results">Electoral results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_Democratic_Socialist_Party&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Electoral results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italian_Parliament">Italian Parliament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_Democratic_Socialist_Party&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Italian Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="width:50%; border:1px #AAAAFF solid"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Chamber of Deputies</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th width="13%">Election year </th> <th width="16%">Votes </th> <th width="6%">% </th> <th width="1%">Seats </th> <th width="8%">+/− </th> <th width="19%">Leader </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1948_Italian_general_election" title="1948 Italian general election">1948</a> </th> <td>1,858,116 (3rd) </td> <td>7.7 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">33 / 574</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF8282; width: 6%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">–</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Saragat" title="Giuseppe Saragat">Giuseppe Saragat</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1953_Italian_general_election" title="1953 Italian general election">1953</a> </th> <td>1,222,957 (6th) </td> <td>4.5 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">14 / 590</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF8282; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 19</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Saragat" title="Giuseppe Saragat">Giuseppe Saragat</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1958_Italian_general_election" title="1958 Italian general election">1958</a> </th> <td>1,345,447 (5th) </td> <td>4.6 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">22 / 596</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF8282; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Saragat" title="Giuseppe Saragat">Giuseppe Saragat</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1963_Italian_general_election" title="1963 Italian general election">1963</a> </th> <td>1,876,271 (5th) </td> <td>6.1 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">33 / 630</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF8282; width: 5%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 11</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Saragat" title="Giuseppe Saragat">Giuseppe Saragat</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1968_Italian_general_election" title="1968 Italian general election">1968</a> </th> <td>Into <a href="/wiki/Unified_Socialist_Party_(Italy)" title="Unified Socialist Party (Italy)">PSU</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">29 / 630</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF8282; width: 5%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Saragat" title="Giuseppe Saragat">Giuseppe Saragat</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1972_Italian_general_election" title="1972 Italian general election">1972</a> </th> <td>1,718,142 (5th) </td> <td>5.1 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">29 / 630</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF8282; width: 5%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">–</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Mario_Tanassi" title="Mario Tanassi">Mario Tanassi</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1976_Italian_general_election" title="1976 Italian general election">1976</a> </th> <td>1,239,492 (5th) </td> <td>3.4 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">15 / 630</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF8282; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 14</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Pier_Luigi_Romita" title="Pier Luigi Romita">Pier Luigi Romita</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1979_Italian_general_election" title="1979 Italian general election">1979</a> </th> <td>1,407,535 (5th) </td> <td>3.8 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">20 / 630</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF8282; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Longo" title="Pietro Longo">Pietro Longo</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1983_Italian_general_election" title="1983 Italian general election">1983</a> </th> <td>1,508,234 (6th) </td> <td>4.9 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">23 / 630</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF8282; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Longo" title="Pietro Longo">Pietro Longo</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1987_Italian_general_election" title="1987 Italian general election">1987</a> </th> <td>1,140,209 (6th) </td> <td>3.0 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">17 / 630</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF8282; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Franco_Nicolazzi" title="Franco Nicolazzi">Franco Nicolazzi</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1992_Italian_general_election" title="1992 Italian general election">1992</a> </th> <td>1,066,672 (10th) </td> <td>2.7 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">16 / 630</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF8282; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Cariglia" title="Antonio Cariglia">Antonio Cariglia</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1994_Italian_general_election" title="1994 Italian general election">1994</a> </th> <td>179,495 (14th) </td> <td>0.5 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 630</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF8282; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 16</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Vizzini" title="Carlo Vizzini">Carlo Vizzini</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="width:50%; border:1px #AAAAFF solid"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Italy)" title="Senate of the Republic (Italy)">Senate of the Republic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th width="13%">Election year </th> <th width="16%">Votes </th> <th width="6%">% </th> <th width="1%">Seats </th> <th width="8%">+/− </th> <th width="19%">Leader </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1948_Italian_general_election" title="1948 Italian general election">1948</a> </th> <td>1,219,287 (3rd) </td> <td>5.0 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">10 / 237</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF8282; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">–</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Saragat" title="Giuseppe Saragat">Giuseppe Saragat</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1953_Italian_general_election" title="1953 Italian general election">1953</a> </th> <td>1,046,301 (6th) </td> <td>4.3 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 237</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF8282; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Saragat" title="Giuseppe Saragat">Giuseppe Saragat</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1958_Italian_general_election" title="1958 Italian general election">1958</a> </th> <td>1,136,803 (5th) </td> <td>4.4 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">5 / 246</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF8282; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Saragat" title="Giuseppe Saragat">Giuseppe Saragat</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1963_Italian_general_election" title="1963 Italian general election">1963</a> </th> <td>1,743,837 (5th) </td> <td>6.4 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">14 / 315</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF8282; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 9</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Saragat" title="Giuseppe Saragat">Giuseppe Saragat</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1968_Italian_general_election" title="1968 Italian general election">1968</a> </th> <td>Into <a href="/wiki/Unified_Socialist_Party_(Italy)" title="Unified Socialist Party (Italy)">PSU</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">10 / 315</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF8282; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Saragat" title="Giuseppe Saragat">Giuseppe Saragat</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1972_Italian_general_election" title="1972 Italian general election">1972</a> </th> <td>1,614,273 (5th) </td> <td>5.4 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">11 / 315</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF8282; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Mario_Tanassi" title="Mario Tanassi">Mario Tanassi</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1976_Italian_general_election" title="1976 Italian general election">1976</a> </th> <td>974,940 (5th) </td> <td>3.1 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">6 / 315</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF8282; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Pier_Luigi_Romita" title="Pier Luigi Romita">Pier Luigi Romita</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1979_Italian_general_election" title="1979 Italian general election">1979</a> </th> <td>1,320,729 (5th) </td> <td>4.2 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">9 / 315</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF8282; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Longo" title="Pietro Longo">Pietro Longo</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1983_Italian_general_election" title="1983 Italian general election">1983</a> </th> <td>1,184,936 (6th) </td> <td>3.8 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">8 / 315</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF8282; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Longo" title="Pietro Longo">Pietro Longo</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1987_Italian_general_election" title="1987 Italian general election">1987</a> </th> <td>822,593 (6th) </td> <td>2.5 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">6 / 315</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF8282; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Franco_Nicolazzi" title="Franco Nicolazzi">Franco Nicolazzi</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1992_Italian_general_election" title="1992 Italian general election">1992</a> </th> <td>853,895 (10th) </td> <td>2.6 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">3 / 315</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF8282; width: 1%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Cariglia" title="Antonio Cariglia">Antonio Cariglia</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1994_Italian_general_election" title="1994 Italian general election">1994</a> </th> <td>66,589 (14th) </td> <td>0.2 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 315</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF8282; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Vizzini" title="Carlo Vizzini">Carlo Vizzini</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_Parliament">European Parliament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_Democratic_Socialist_Party&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: European Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="width:50%; border:1px #AAAAFF solid"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th width="13%">Election year </th> <th width="16%">Votes </th> <th width="6%">% </th> <th width="1%">Seats </th> <th width="8%">+/− </th> <th width="19%">Leader </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy" title="1979 European Parliament election in Italy">1979</a> </th> <td>1,514,272 (5th) </td> <td>4.3 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 81</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF8282; width: 5%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">–</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Longo" title="Pietro Longo">Pietro Longo</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy" title="1984 European Parliament election in Italy">1984</a> </th> <td>1,225,462 (6th) </td> <td>3.5 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">3 / 81</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF8282; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Longo" title="Pietro Longo">Pietro Longo</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy" title="1989 European Parliament election in Italy">1989</a> </th> <td>945,383 (7th) </td> <td>2.7 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 81</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF8282; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Cariglia" title="Antonio Cariglia">Antonio Cariglia</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy" title="1994 European Parliament election in Italy">1994</a> </th> <td>227,439 (13th) </td> <td>0.7 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 87</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF8282; width: 1%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Vizzini" title="Carlo Vizzini">Carlo Vizzini</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regional_elections">Regional elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_Democratic_Socialist_Party&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Regional elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="width:50%; border:1px #AAAAFF solid"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">Regions of Italy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th width="13%">Election year </th> <th width="16%">Votes </th> <th width="6%">% </th> <th width="1%">Seats </th> <th width="8%">+/− </th> <th width="19%">Leader </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1970_Italian_regional_elections" title="1970 Italian regional elections">1970</a> </th> <td>1,897,034 (4th) </td> <td>7.0 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">41 / 720</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF8282; width: 6%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">–</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Saragat" title="Giuseppe Saragat">Giuseppe Saragat</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1975_Italian_regional_elections" title="1975 Italian regional elections">1975</a> </th> <td>1,701,864 (5th) </td> <td>5.6 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">36 / 720</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF8282; width: 5%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Mario_Tanassi" title="Mario Tanassi">Mario Tanassi</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1980_Italian_regional_elections" title="1980 Italian regional elections">1980</a> </th> <td>1,505,607 (5th) </td> <td>5.0 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">31 / 720</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF8282; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Longo" title="Pietro Longo">Pietro Longo</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1985_Italian_regional_elections" title="1985 Italian regional elections">1985</a> </th> <td>1,150,788 (6th) </td> <td>3.6 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">23 / 720</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF8282; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Longo" title="Pietro Longo">Pietro Longo</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1990_Italian_regional_elections" title="1990 Italian regional elections">1990</a> </th> <td>894,318 (6th) </td> <td>2.8 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">21 / 720</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF8282; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Cariglia" title="Antonio Cariglia">Antonio Cariglia</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symbols">Symbols</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_Democratic_Socialist_Party&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Symbols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_PSLI.png" class="mw-file-description" title="1947–1948"><img alt="1947–1948" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Logo_of_the_PSLI.png/120px-Logo_of_the_PSLI.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Logo_of_the_PSLI.png/180px-Logo_of_the_PSLI.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Logo_of_the_PSLI.png/240px-Logo_of_the_PSLI.png 2x" data-file-width="1063" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1947–1948</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_PSDI_(1948-1966)_(1969-1983).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="1948–1983"><img alt="1948–1983" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Logo_of_the_PSDI_%281948-1966%29_%281969-1983%29.svg/120px-Logo_of_the_PSDI_%281948-1966%29_%281969-1983%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Logo_of_the_PSDI_%281948-1966%29_%281969-1983%29.svg/180px-Logo_of_the_PSDI_%281948-1966%29_%281969-1983%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Logo_of_the_PSDI_%281948-1966%29_%281969-1983%29.svg/240px-Logo_of_the_PSDI_%281948-1966%29_%281969-1983%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1948–1983</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_PSU_(1966-1969).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Unified PSI-PSDI symbol, 1966–1969"><img alt="Unified PSI-PSDI symbol, 1966–1969" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Logo_of_PSU_%281966-1969%29.svg/120px-Logo_of_PSU_%281966-1969%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Logo_of_PSU_%281966-1969%29.svg/180px-Logo_of_PSU_%281966-1969%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Logo_of_PSU_%281966-1969%29.svg/240px-Logo_of_PSU_%281966-1969%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Unified PSI-PSDI symbol, 1966–1969</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_PSDI_(1983-1992).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="1983–1992"><img alt="1983–1992" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Logo_of_the_PSDI_%281983-1992%29.svg/120px-Logo_of_the_PSDI_%281983-1992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Logo_of_the_PSDI_%281983-1992%29.svg/180px-Logo_of_the_PSDI_%281983-1992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Logo_of_the_PSDI_%281983-1992%29.svg/240px-Logo_of_the_PSDI_%281983-1992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1983–1992</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leadership">Leadership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_Democratic_Socialist_Party&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Leadership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Secretary: <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Saragat" title="Giuseppe Saragat">Giuseppe Saragat</a> (1947–1948), <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Simonini" title="Alberto Simonini">Alberto Simonini</a> (1948), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ugo_Guido_Mondolfo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ugo Guido Mondolfo (page does not exist)">Ugo Guido Mondolfo</a> (1949), <a href="/wiki/Ludovico_D%27Aragona" title="Ludovico D'Aragona">Ludovico D'Aragona</a> (1949), <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Saragat" title="Giuseppe Saragat">Giuseppe Saragat</a> (1949–1952), <a href="/wiki/Ezio_Vigorelli" title="Ezio Vigorelli">Ezio Vigorelli</a> (1952), <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Romita" title="Giuseppe Romita">Giuseppe Romita</a> (1952), <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Saragat" title="Giuseppe Saragat">Giuseppe Saragat</a> (1952–1954), <a href="/wiki/Gianmatteo_Matteotti" title="Gianmatteo Matteotti">Gianmatteo Matteotti</a> (1954–1957), <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Saragat" title="Giuseppe Saragat">Giuseppe Saragat</a> (1957–1964), <a href="/wiki/Mario_Tanassi" title="Mario Tanassi">Mario Tanassi</a> (1964–1966), <i>unification with <a href="/wiki/Italian_Socialist_Party" title="Italian Socialist Party">PSI</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Unified_PSI%E2%80%93PSDI" class="mw-redirect" title="Unified PSI–PSDI">PSU</a></i> (1966–1969), <a href="/wiki/Mauro_Ferri" title="Mauro Ferri">Mauro Ferri</a> (1969–1972), <a href="/wiki/Mario_Tanassi" title="Mario Tanassi">Mario Tanassi</a> (1972), <a href="/wiki/Flavio_Orlandi" title="Flavio Orlandi">Flavio Orlandi</a> (1972–1975), <a href="/wiki/Mario_Tanassi" title="Mario Tanassi">Mario Tanassi</a> (1975–1976), <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Saragat" title="Giuseppe Saragat">Giuseppe Saragat</a> (1976), <a href="/wiki/Pier_Luigi_Romita" title="Pier Luigi Romita">Pier Luigi Romita</a> (1976–1978), <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Longo" title="Pietro Longo">Pietro Longo</a> (1978–1985), <a href="/wiki/Franco_Nicolazzi" title="Franco Nicolazzi">Franco Nicolazzi</a> (1985–1988), <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Cariglia" title="Antonio Cariglia">Antonio Cariglia</a> (1988–1992), <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Vizzini" title="Carlo Vizzini">Carlo Vizzini</a> (1992–1993), <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Ferri_(politician)" title="Enrico Ferri (politician)">Enrico Ferri</a> (1993–1995), <a href="/wiki/Gian_Franco_Schietroma" title="Gian Franco Schietroma">Gian Franco Schietroma</a> (1995–1998)</li> <li>President: <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Saragat" title="Giuseppe Saragat">Giuseppe Saragat</a> (1975–1976)</li> <li>Party Leader in the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Chamber_of_Deputies" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Chamber of Deputies">Chamber of Deputies</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuseppe_Modigliani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuseppe Modigliani (page does not exist)">Giuseppe Modigliani</a> (1947), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rocco_Gullo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rocco Gullo (page does not exist)">Rocco Gullo</a> (1947–1948), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mario_Langhena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mario Langhena (page does not exist)">Mario Langhena</a> (1948–1950), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luigi_Benanni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luigi Benanni (page does not exist)">Luigi Benanni</a> (1950–1951), <a href="/wiki/Ezio_Vigorelli" title="Ezio Vigorelli">Ezio Vigorelli</a> (1951–1954), <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Rossi_(politician)" title="Paolo Rossi (politician)">Paolo Rossi</a> (1954–1956), <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Simonini" title="Alberto Simonini">Alberto Simonini</a> (1956–1958), <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Saragat" title="Giuseppe Saragat">Giuseppe Saragat</a> (1958–1963), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Virginio_Bertinelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virginio Bertinelli (page does not exist)">Virginio Bertinelli</a> (1963–1966), <a href="/wiki/Mario_Tanassi" title="Mario Tanassi">Mario Tanassi</a> (1966), <a href="/wiki/Egidio_Ariosto" title="Egidio Ariosto">Egidio Ariosto</a> (1966–1969), <a href="/wiki/Flavio_Orlandi" title="Flavio Orlandi">Flavio Orlandi</a> (1969–1972), <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Cariglia" title="Antonio Cariglia">Antonio Cariglia</a> (1972–1976), <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Preti" title="Luigi Preti">Luigi Preti</a> (1976–1978), <a href="/wiki/Franco_Nicolazzi" title="Franco Nicolazzi">Franco Nicolazzi</a> (1978–1979), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alessandro_Reggiani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alessandro Reggiani (page does not exist)">Alessandro Reggiani</a> (1979–1987), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Filippo_Caria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filippo Caria (page does not exist)">Filippo Caria</a> (1987–1992), <a href="/wiki/Dino_Madaudo" title="Dino Madaudo">Dino Madaudo</a> (1992), <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Ferri_(politician)" title="Enrico Ferri (politician)">Enrico Ferri</a> (1992–1994)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_Democratic_Socialist_Party&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 33em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DIkWJ3psB2gC&dq=%22Italian+Social+Democratic+Party+PSDI%22&pg=PA193"><i>Political Systems Of The World</i></a>. Allied Publishers. p. 193. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788170233077" title="Special:BookSources/9788170233077"><bdi>9788170233077</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Systems+Of+The+World&rft.pages=193&rft.pub=Allied+Publishers&rft.isbn=9788170233077&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDIkWJ3psB2gC%26dq%3D%2522Italian%2BSocial%2BDemocratic%2BParty%2BPSDI%2522%26pg%3DPA193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+Democratic+Socialist+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=La2GDAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Italian+Social+Democratic+Party+PSDI%22&pg=PA228"><i>Social Democratic Parties in the European Union</i></a>. Springer. 13 January 1999. p. 228. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780230374140" title="Special:BookSources/9780230374140"><bdi>9780230374140</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Social+Democratic+Parties+in+the+European+Union&rft.pages=228&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1999-01-13&rft.isbn=9780230374140&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLa2GDAAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522Italian%2BSocial%2BDemocratic%2BParty%2BPSDI%2522%26pg%3DPA228&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+Democratic+Socialist+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iWS8CgAAQBAJ&dq=%22Italian+Social+Democratic+Party+PSDI%22&pg=PA200"><i>The Oxford Handbook of Italian Politics</i></a>. Oxford University Press. 2015. p. 200. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-966974-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-966974-5"><bdi>978-0-19-966974-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Italian+Politics&rft.pages=200&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-19-966974-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiWS8CgAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522Italian%2BSocial%2BDemocratic%2BParty%2BPSDI%2522%26pg%3DPA200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+Democratic+Socialist+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawrence_Ezrow2011" class="citation book cs1">Lawrence Ezrow (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-wthzLK6m8gC&pg=PA320">"Electoral Systems and Party Responsiveness"</a>. In Norman Schofield; Gonzalo Caballero (eds.). <i>Political Economy of Institutions, Democracy and Voting</i>. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 320. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-642-19519-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-642-19519-8"><bdi>978-3-642-19519-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Electoral+Systems+and+Party+Responsiveness&rft.btitle=Political+Economy+of+Institutions%2C+Democracy+and+Voting&rft.pages=320&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-3-642-19519-8&rft.au=Lawrence+Ezrow&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-wthzLK6m8gC%26pg%3DPA320&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+Democratic+Socialist+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarco_Valbruzzi2015" class="citation book cs1">Marco Valbruzzi (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iWS8CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA33">"Trasformismo"</a>. In Erik Jones; Gianfranco Pasquino (eds.). <i>The Oxford Handbook of Italian Politics</i>. OUP. p. 33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-966974-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-966974-5"><bdi>978-0-19-966974-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Trasformismo&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Italian+Politics&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=OUP&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-19-966974-5&rft.au=Marco+Valbruzzi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiWS8CgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+Democratic+Socialist+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.storiaxxisecolo.it/larepubblica/repubblica10.htm">Il Pentapartito – Storia della Repubblica Italiana</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Sommer2002" class="citation book cs1">Michael Sommer (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uol.de/f/4/inst/geschichte/Sommer_2002_Im_Su__den_nichts_Neues.pdf">"Im Süden nichts Neues: Zur aktuellen Entwicklung des italienischen Parteiensystems"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Politische Vierteljahresschrift</i>. Westdeutscher Verlag. p. 115.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Im+S%C3%BCden+nichts+Neues%3A+Zur+aktuellen+Entwicklung+des+italienischen+Parteiensystems&rft.btitle=Politische+Vierteljahresschrift&rft.pages=115&rft.pub=Westdeutscher+Verlag&rft.date=2002&rft.au=Michael+Sommer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuol.de%2Ff%2F4%2Finst%2Fgeschichte%2FSommer_2002_Im_Su__den_nichts_Neues.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+Democratic+Socialist+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ideologia-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ideologia_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radioradicale.it/scheda/59874/59940-il-punto-sullattivita-e-sulla-collocazione-politica-del-psdi-la-olidarieta-del-psdi-al-digiuno-di-mar">"Il punto sull'attivita' e sulla collocazione politica del PSDI; la olidarieta' del PSDI al digiuno di Marco Pannella contro la disinformazione della RAI in particolar modo sui 13 referendum"</a>. <i>RadioRadicale</i> (in Italian). 21 January 1994<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RadioRadicale&rft.atitle=Il+punto+sull%27attivita%27+e+sulla+collocazione+politica+del+PSDI%3B+la+olidarieta%27+del+PSDI+al+digiuno+di+Marco+Pannella+contro+la+disinformazione+della+RAI+in+particolar+modo+sui+13+referendum&rft.date=1994-01-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radioradicale.it%2Fscheda%2F59874%2F59940-il-punto-sullattivita-e-sulla-collocazione-politica-del-psdi-la-olidarieta-del-psdi-al-digiuno-di-mar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+Democratic+Socialist+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGünter_Trautmann1984" class="citation book cs1">Günter Trautmann (1984). "Entpolitisierung und demographischer Machtwechsel in den politischen Systemen Frankreichs und Italiens seit 1972/73". In Jürgen W. Falter; Christian Fenner; Michael Th. Greven (eds.). <i>Politische Willensbildung und lnteressenvermittlung</i>. p. 185. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-663-14338-3">10.1007/978-3-663-14338-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-663-14338-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-663-14338-3"><bdi>978-3-663-14338-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Entpolitisierung+und+demographischer+Machtwechsel+in+den+politischen+Systemen+Frankreichs+und+Italiens+seit+1972%2F73&rft.btitle=Politische+Willensbildung+und+lnteressenvermittlung&rft.pages=185&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-663-14338-3&rft.isbn=978-3-663-14338-3&rft.au=G%C3%BCnter+Trautmann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+Democratic+Socialist+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDi_Alberto_Stabile1984" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Di Alberto Stabile (1 May 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1984/05/01/nicolazzi-anti-longo-sogna-per-il-psdi.html">"Nicolazzi, L' Anti-Longo Sogna Per Il Psdi Un Futuro A Sinistra"</a>. <i>La Repubblica</i> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Repubblica&rft.atitle=Nicolazzi%2C+L%27+Anti-Longo+Sogna+Per+Il+Psdi+Un+Futuro+A+Sinistra&rft.date=1984-05-01&rft.au=Di+Alberto+Stabile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fricerca.repubblica.it%2Frepubblica%2Farchivio%2Frepubblica%2F1984%2F05%2F01%2Fnicolazzi-anti-longo-sogna-per-il-psdi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+Democratic+Socialist+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radioradicale.it/scheda/59874/59940-il-punto-sullattivita-e-sulla-collocazione-politica-del-psdi-la-olidarieta-del-psdi-al-digiuno-di-mar">"Il punto sull'attivita' e sulla collocazione politica del PSDI; la solidarieta' del PSDI al digiuno di Marco Pannella contro la disinformazione della RAI in particolar modo sui 13 referendum"</a>. <i>RadioRadicale</i> (in Italian). 21 January 1994<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RadioRadicale&rft.atitle=Il+punto+sull%27attivita%27+e+sulla+collocazione+politica+del+PSDI%3B+la+solidarieta%27+del+PSDI+al+digiuno+di+Marco+Pannella+contro+la+disinformazione+della+RAI+in+particolar+modo+sui+13+referendum&rft.date=1994-01-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radioradicale.it%2Fscheda%2F59874%2F59940-il-punto-sullattivita-e-sulla-collocazione-politica-del-psdi-la-olidarieta-del-psdi-al-digiuno-di-mar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+Democratic+Socialist+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jacobin.com/2018/01/italian-communist-party-togliatti-berlinguer-hot-autumn-students">"The Fate of the Party"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Jacobin_(magazine)" title="Jacobin (magazine)">Jacobin</a></i>. 23 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Parlement+Europ%C3%A9en+1984&rft.pub=Europe-politique&rft.date=2007-02-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europe-politique.eu%2Fparlement-europeen-1984.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+Democratic+Socialist+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europe-politique.eu/parlement-europeen-1989.htm">"Parlement Européen 1989"</a>. Europe-politique<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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color:white;;width:1%"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Secretary</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Dell%27Avalle" title="Carlo Dell'Avalle">Carlo Dell'Avalle</a> (1892–1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filippo_Turati" title="Filippo Turati">Filippo Turati</a> (1895–1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Ferri_(criminologist)" title="Enrico Ferri (criminologist)">Enrico Ferri</a> (1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Dell%27Avalle" title="Carlo Dell'Avalle">Carlo Dell'Avalle</a> (1896–1898)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfredo_Bertesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfredo Bertesi (page does not exist)">Alfredo Bertesi</a> (1898–1899)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enrico_Bertini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enrico Bertini (page does not exist)">Enrico Bertini</a> (1899–1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savino_Varazzani" title="Savino Varazzani">Savino Varazzani</a> (1900–1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Ferri_(criminologist)" title="Enrico Ferri (criminologist)">Enrico Ferri</a> (1904–1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oddino_Morgari" title="Oddino Morgari">Oddino Morgari</a> (1906–1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompeo_Ciotti" title="Pompeo Ciotti">Pompeo Ciotti</a> (1908–1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costantino_Lazzari" title="Costantino Lazzari">Costantino Lazzari</a> (1912–1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egidio_Gennari" title="Egidio Gennari">Egidio Gennari</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costantino_Lazzari" title="Costantino Lazzari">Costantino Lazzari</a> (1918–1919)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arturo_Vella&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arturo Vella (page does not exist)">Arturo Vella</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicola_Bombacci" title="Nicola Bombacci">Nicola Bombacci</a> (1919–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egidio_Gennari" title="Egidio Gennari">Egidio Gennari</a> (1920–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Bacci" title="Giovanni Bacci">Giovanni Bacci</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Domenico_Fioritto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Domenico Fioritto (page does not exist)">Domenico Fioritto</a> (1921–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tito_Oro_Nobili" title="Tito Oro Nobili">Tito Oro Nobili</a> (1923–1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olindo_Vernocchi" title="Olindo Vernocchi">Olindo Vernocchi</a> (1925–1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugo_Coccia" title="Ugo Coccia">Ugo Coccia</a> (1930–1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Nenni" title="Pietro Nenni">Pietro Nenni</a> (1933–1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Saragat" title="Giuseppe Saragat">Giuseppe Saragat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oddino_Morgari" title="Oddino Morgari">Oddino Morgari</a> and <a href="/wiki/Angelo_Tasca" title="Angelo Tasca">Angelo Tasca</a> (1939–1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Romita" title="Giuseppe Romita">Giuseppe Romita</a> (1942–1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Nenni" title="Pietro Nenni">Pietro Nenni</a> (1943–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandro_Pertini" title="Sandro Pertini">Sandro Pertini</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodolfo_Morandi" title="Rodolfo Morandi">Rodolfo Morandi</a> (1945–1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Matteo_Lombardo" title="Ivan Matteo Lombardo">Ivan Matteo Lombardo</a> (1946–1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lelio_Basso" title="Lelio Basso">Lelio Basso</a> (1947–1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Jacometti" title="Alberto Jacometti">Alberto Jacometti</a> (1948–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Nenni" title="Pietro Nenni">Pietro Nenni</a> (1949–1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_De_Martino" title="Francesco De Martino">Francesco De Martino</a> (1963–1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Tanassi" title="Mario Tanassi">Mario Tanassi</a> (1966–1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauro_Ferri" title="Mauro Ferri">Mauro Ferri</a> (1968–1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_De_Martino" title="Francesco De Martino">Francesco De Martino</a> (1969–1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Mancini" title="Giacomo Mancini">Giacomo Mancini</a> (1970–1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_De_Martino" title="Francesco De Martino">Francesco De Martino</a> (1972–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettino_Craxi" title="Bettino Craxi">Bettino Craxi</a> (1976–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Benvenuto" title="Giorgio Benvenuto">Giorgio Benvenuto</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottaviano_Del_Turco" title="Ottaviano Del Turco">Ottaviano Del Turco</a> (1993–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valdo_Spini" title="Valdo Spini">Valdo Spini</a> (1994)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ED2855; color:white;;width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Workers%27_Party" title="Italian Workers' Party">Italian Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Revolutionary_Socialist_Party" title="Italian Revolutionary Socialist Party">Italian Revolutionary Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasci_Siciliani" title="Fasci Siciliani">Fasci Siciliani</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Avanti!_(newspaper)" title="Avanti! (newspaper)">Avanti!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Critica_Sociale" title="Critica Sociale">Critica Sociale</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Guards_(Italy)" title="Red Guards (Italy)">Red Guards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_socialism" title="Revolutionary socialism">Revolutionary socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Revolutionary_Marxist_Centre" title="International Revolutionary Marxist Centre">Maximalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_syndicalism" title="National syndicalism">National syndicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformism#Socialism" title="Reformism">Reformist socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">Democratic socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_I" title="Military history of Italy during World War I">Division over World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Committee" title="National Liberation Committee">National Liberation Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_resistance_movement" title="Italian resistance movement">Italian resistance movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craxism" title="Craxism">Craxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_Sigonella" title="Naval Air Station Sigonella">Sigonella incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banco_Ambrosiano" title="Banco Ambrosiano">Banco Ambrosiano scandal</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mani_pulite" title="Mani pulite">Mani pulite</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ED2855; color:white;;width:1%">Derivatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Reformist_Socialist_Party" title="Italian Reformist Socialist Party">Italian Reformist Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascio_d%27Azione_Rivoluzionaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascio d'Azione Rivoluzionaria">Fascio d'Azione Rivoluzionaria</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fasci_Italiani_di_Combattimento" title="Fasci Italiani di Combattimento">Fasci Italiani di Combattimento</a> / <a href="/wiki/National_Fascist_Party" title="National Fascist Party">National Fascist Party</a> / <a href="/wiki/Republican_Fascist_Party" title="Republican Fascist Party">Republican Fascist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Communist_Party" title="Italian Communist Party">Italian Communist Party</a> / <a href="/wiki/International_Communist_Party" title="International Communist Party">International Communist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_Socialist_Party_(Italy,_1922)" title="Unitary Socialist Party (Italy, 1922)">Unitary Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximalist_Italian_Socialist_Party" title="Maximalist Italian Socialist Party">Maximalist Italian Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Unity_(Italy)" title="Socialist Unity (Italy)">Socialist Unity</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Italian Democratic Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Socialists" title="Italian Socialists">Italian Socialists</a> / <a href="/wiki/Italian_Democratic_Socialists" title="Italian Democratic Socialists">Italian Democratic Socialists</a> / <a href="/wiki/Socialist_League_(Italy)" title="Socialist League (Italy)">Socialist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Federation_(Italy)" title="Labour Federation (Italy)">Labour Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformist_Socialist_Party" title="Reformist Socialist Party">Reformist Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(Italy,_1996)" title="Socialist Party (Italy, 1996)">Socialist Party</a> / <a href="/wiki/New_Italian_Socialist_Party" title="New Italian Socialist Party">New Italian Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Socialist_Party_(2007)" title="Italian Socialist Party (2007)">Italian Socialist Party (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forza_Italia" title="Forza Italia">Forza Italia</a> <small>(social-democrats faction)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_is_Freedom_%E2%80%93_The_Daisy" title="Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy">Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy</a> <small>(social-democrats faction)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ED2855; color:white;;width:1%">Alliances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Democratic_Front_(Italy)" title="Popular Democratic Front (Italy)">Popular Democratic Front</a> (1947-1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_centre-left" title="Organic centre-left">Organic centre-left</a> (1962-1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Socialist_Party_(Italy)" title="Unified Socialist Party (Italy)">Unified Socialist Party</a> (1966-1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pentapartito" title="Pentapartito">Pentapartito</a></i> (1981-1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Progressives" title="Alliance of Progressives">Alliance of Progressives</a> (1994)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Italy&#124;link=Italy_Historical_political_parties_in_Italy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Historical_Italian_political_parties" title="Template:Historical Italian political parties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Historical_Italian_political_parties" title="Template talk:Historical Italian political parties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Historical_Italian_political_parties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Historical Italian political parties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Italy&#124;link=Italy_Historical_political_parties_in_Italy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> Historical political parties in Italy</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_Unity_Party_(Italy)" title="Proletarian Unity Party (Italy)">Proletarian Unity Party</a> (1972–1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Communist_Party" title="Italian Communist Party">Italian Communist Party</a> (1921–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_Democracy" title="Proletarian Democracy">Proletarian Democracy</a> (1978–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Italian_Communists" title="Party of Italian Communists">Party of Italian Communists</a> (1998–2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Democratic socialist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Revolutionary_Socialist_Party" title="Italian Revolutionary Socialist Party">Italian Revolutionary Socialist Party</a> (1881–1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Workers%27_Party" title="Italian Workers' Party">Italian Workers' Party</a> (1882–1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Socialist_Party_of_Proletarian_Unity" title="Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity">Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity</a> (1964–1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_the_Left" title="Democratic Party of the Left">Democratic Party of the Left</a> (1991–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Left_(Italy)" title="Democratic Left (Italy)">Democratic Left</a> (2007–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_Ecology_Freedom" title="Left Ecology Freedom">Left Ecology Freedom</a> (2010-2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Green</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Greens_(Italy)" title="Rainbow Greens (Italy)">Rainbow Greens</a> (1989–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Green_Lists" title="Federation of Green Lists">Federation of Green Lists</a> (1986–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_the_Greens" title="Federation of the Greens">Federation of the Greens</a> (1990–2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social-democratic and liberal-socialist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Reformist_Socialist_Party" title="Italian Reformist Socialist Party">Italian Reformist Socialist Party</a> (1912–1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_Socialist_Party_(Italy,_1922)" title="Unitary Socialist Party (Italy, 1922)">Unitary Socialist Party</a> (1922–1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_Party_(Italy)" title="Action Party (Italy)">Action Party</a> (1929–1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Democratic_Party" title="Labour Democratic Party">Labour Democratic Party</a> (1943–1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Socialists" title="Union of Socialists">Union of Socialists</a> (1948–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_Socialist_Party_(Italy,_1949)" title="Unitary Socialist Party (Italy, 1949)">Unitary Socialist Party</a> (1949–1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Socialist_Party_(Italy)" title="Unified Socialist Party (Italy)">Unified Socialist Party</a> (1966–1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Socialist_Party" title="Italian Socialist Party">Italian Socialist Party</a> (1892–1994)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Italian Democratic Socialist Party</a> (1947–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Federation_(Italy)" title="Labour Federation (Italy)">Labour Federation</a> (1994–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democrats_of_the_Left" title="Democrats of the Left">Democrats of the Left</a> (1998–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Democratic_Socialists" title="Italian Democratic Socialists">Italian Democratic Socialists</a> (1998–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_One_(political_party)" title="Article One (political party)">Article One</a> (2017–2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radical and social-liberal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_Party_(Italy,_1853)" title="Action Party (Italy, 1853)">Action Party</a> (1853–1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Radical_Party" title="Italian Radical Party">Italian Radical Party</a> (1904–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Italy,_1913)" title="Democratic Party (Italy, 1913)">Democratic Party</a> (1913–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democracy_(Italy)" title="Social Democracy (Italy)">Social Democracy</a> (1922–1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Democratic_Concentration" title="Republican Democratic Concentration">Republican Democratic Concentration</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Party_(Italy)" title="Radical Party (Italy)">Radical Party</a> (1955–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_(Italy)" title="Democratic Alliance (Italy)">Democratic Alliance</a> (1993–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Network_(political_party)" title="The Network (political party)">The Network</a> (1991–1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Centrist and centrist liberal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Democratic_Party_(Italy)" title="Constitutional Democratic Party (Italy)">Constitutional Democratic Party</a> (1913–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Democratic_Liberal_Party" title="Italian Democratic Liberal Party">Italian Democratic Liberal Party</a> (1919–1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Union_for_the_Republic" title="Democratic Union for the Republic">Democratic Union for the Republic</a> (1998–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_the_Republic_(Italy)" title="Union for the Republic (Italy)">Union for the Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Renewal" title="Italian Renewal">Italian Renewal</a> (1996–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Democrats_(Italy)" title="The Democrats (Italy)">The Democrats</a> (1999–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segni_Pact" title="Segni Pact">Segni Pact</a> (1993–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_is_Freedom_%E2%80%93_The_Daisy" title="Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy">Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy</a> (2002–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_Choice" title="Civic Choice">Civic Choice</a> (2013–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Popular_Alliance" title="Liberal Popular Alliance">Liberal Popular Alliance</a> (2015–2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regionalist and federalist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_the_Independence_of_Sicily" title="Movement for the Independence of Sicily">Movement for the Independence of Sicily</a> (1943–1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalists_and_Liberal_Democrats" title="Federalists and Liberal Democrats">Federalists and Liberal Democrats</a> (1994–1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Italian_League" title="Federalist Italian League">Federalist Italian League</a> (1995–1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_South_(Italy)" title="Great South (Italy)">Great South</a> (2011–2013)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Christian-democratic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Catholic_Electoral_Union" title="Italian Catholic Electoral Union">Italian Catholic Electoral Union</a> (1906–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Catholics_(Italy)" title="Conservative Catholics (Italy)">Conservative Catholics</a> (1913–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_People%27s_Party_(1919)" title="Italian People's Party (1919)">Italian People's Party</a> (1919–1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_(Italy)" title="Christian Democracy (Italy)">Christian Democracy</a> (1943–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_People%27s_Party_(1994)" title="Italian People's Party (1994)">Italian People's Party</a> (1994–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democrats_for_the_Republic" title="Christian Democrats for the Republic">Christian Democrats for the Republic</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Centre" title="Christian Democratic Centre">Christian Democratic Centre</a> (1994–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Christian_Democrats" title="United Christian Democrats">United Christian Democrats</a> (1995–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Democracy" title="European Democracy">European Democracy</a> (2001–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_for_Autonomies" title="Christian Democracy for Autonomies">Christian Democracy for Autonomies</a> (2005–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Democrats_for_Europe" title="Union of Democrats for Europe">Union of Democrats for Europe</a> (1999–2013)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conservative-liberal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Union_(Italy)" title="Liberal Union (Italy)">Liberal Union</a> (1913–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Liberal_Party" title="Italian Liberal Party">Italian Liberal Party</a> (1922–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance_(Italy)" title="National Democratic Alliance (Italy)">National Democratic Alliance</a> (1953–1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Centre_(1993)" title="Union of the Centre (1993)">Union of the Centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Liberal-conservative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Party_(Italy)" title="Economic Party (Italy)">Economic Party</a> (1919–1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forza_Italia" title="Forza Italia">Forza Italia</a> (1994–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_People_of_Freedom" title="The People of Freedom">The People of Freedom</a> (2009–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_and_Freedom" title="Future and Freedom">Future and Freedom</a> (2010–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Centre-Right" title="New Centre-Right">New Centre-Right</a> (2013–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatives_and_Reformists_(Italy)" title="Conservatives and Reformists (Italy)">Conservatives and Reformists</a> (2015–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direction_Italy" title="Direction Italy">Direction Italy</a> (2017–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambiamo!" title="Cambiamo!">Cambiamo!</a> (2019–2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National-conservative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_Man%27s_Front" title="Common Man's Front">Common Man's Front</a> (1946–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchist_National_Party" title="Monarchist National Party">Monarchist National Party</a> (1946–1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Monarchist_Party_(Italy)" title="People's Monarchist Party (Italy)">People's Monarchist Party</a> (1954–1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Democratic_Party_of_Monarchist_Unity" title="Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity">Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity</a> (1959–1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democracy_(Italy)" title="National Democracy (Italy)">National Democracy</a> (1977–1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(Italy)" title="National Alliance (Italy)">National Alliance</a> (1995–2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nationalist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Nationalist_Association" title="Italian Nationalist Association">Italian Nationalist Association</a> (1910–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combatants%27_Party" title="Combatants' Party">Combatants' Party</a> (1919–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fascist_Party" title="National Fascist Party">National Fascist Party</a> (1921–1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Fascist_Party" title="Republican Fascist Party">Republican Fascist Party</a> (1943–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Movement" title="Italian Social Movement">Italian Social Movement</a> (1946–1995)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Italy" title="List of political parties in Italy">List of political parties in Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:19th-century_Italian_political_groups" title="Template:19th-century Italian political groups">19th-century Italian political groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Early_20th-century_Italian_political_parties" title="Template:Early 20th-century Italian political parties">Early 20th-century Italian political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:1950s%E2%80%931990s_Italian_political_parties" title="Template:1950s–1990s Italian political parties">1950s–1990s Italian political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Italian_political_parties" title="Template:Italian political parties">Current Italian political parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Italy&#124;link=Italy_1946–1994_main_political_parties_in_Italy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1950s%E2%80%931990s_Italian_political_parties" title="Template:1950s–1990s Italian political parties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1950s%E2%80%931990s_Italian_political_parties" title="Template talk:1950s–1990s Italian political parties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1950s%E2%80%931990s_Italian_political_parties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1950s–1990s Italian political parties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Italy&#124;link=Italy_1946–1994_main_political_parties_in_Italy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> 1946–1994 main political parties in Italy</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Communist_Party" title="Italian Communist Party">Italian Communist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Socialist_Party" title="Italian Socialist Party">Italian Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Italian Democratic Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Republican_Party" title="Italian Republican Party">Italian Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_(Italy)" title="Christian Democracy (Italy)">Christian Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Liberal_Party" title="Italian Liberal Party">Italian Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Movement" title="Italian Social Movement">Italian Social Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Italy" title="List of political parties in Italy">List of political parties in Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Historical_Italian_political_parties" title="Template:Historical Italian political parties">Historical Italian political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:19th-century_Italian_political_groups" title="Template:19th-century Italian political groups">19th-century Italian political groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Early_20th-century_Italian_political_parties" title="Template:Early 20th-century Italian political parties">Early 20th-century Italian political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Italian_political_parties" title="Template:Italian political parties">Current Italian political parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q665335#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q665335#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q665335#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000008865210X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/129022985">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83051685">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13319686p">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13319686p">BnF data</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/030555027">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Italian_Democratic_Socialist_Party&oldid=1258348634">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Italian_Democratic_Socialist_Party&oldid=1258348634</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1947_establishments_in_Italy" title="Category:1947 establishments in Italy">1947 establishments in Italy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1998_disestablishments_in_Italy" title="Category:1998 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