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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terbaru</span></a></li><li id="n-Artikel-pilihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikel_pilihan/Topik"><span>Artikel pilihan</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Peristiwa_terkini" title="Temukan informasi tentang peristiwa terkini"><span>Peristiwa terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-newpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_baru"><span>Halaman baru</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_sembarang" title="Tampilkan sembarang halaman [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Halaman sembarang</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Komunitas" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Komunitas" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Komunitas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Warung-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi"><span>Warung Kopi</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Komunitas" title="Tentang proyek, apa yang dapat Anda lakukan, di mana untuk mencari sesuatu"><span>Portal komunitas</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Isi" title="Tempat mencari bantuan."><span>Bantuan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Pancapilar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pancapilar"><span>Pancapilar</span></a></li><li id="n-Kebijakan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_dan_pedoman"><span>Kebijakan</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Bak-pasir" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bak_pasir"><span>Bak pasir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Bagikan" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Bagikan emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bagikan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-id.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Pencarian</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Telusuri Wikipedia" aria-label="Telusuri Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Istimewa:Pencarian"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Perkakas pribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id" class=""><span>Menyumbang</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Poliploidi" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Poliploidi" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Poliploidi" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Poliploidi" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Pembentukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pembentukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Pembentukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pembentukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Efek_poliploidi_pada_organisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Efek_poliploidi_pada_organisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Efek poliploidi pada organisme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Efek_poliploidi_pada_organisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contoh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contoh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Contoh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contoh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Poliploidi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 43 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliplo%C3%AFdie" title="Poliploïdie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Poliploïdie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%BA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%A8%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="تعدد الصيغ الصبغية – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تعدد الصيغ الصبغية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Полиплоидност – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Полиплоидност" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliploid" title="Poliploid – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Poliploid" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliplo%C3%AFdia" title="Poliploïdia – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Poliploïdia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyploidie" title="Polyploidie – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Polyploidie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyploidi" title="Polyploidi – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Polyploidi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyploidie" title="Polyploidie – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Polyploidie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyploidy" title="Polyploidy – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Polyploidy" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliploidio" title="Poliploidio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Poliploidio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliploid%C3%ADa" title="Poliploidía – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Poliploidía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliploidia" title="Poliploidia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Poliploidia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="پلی‌پلوئید – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پلی‌پلوئید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ploidia#Polyploidia" title="Ploidia – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ploidia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyplo%C3%AFdie" title="Polyploïdie – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Polyploïdie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polapl%C3%B3ideacht" title="Polaplóideacht – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Polaplóideacht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliploid%C3%ADa" title="Poliploidía – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Poliploidía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliploidia" title="Poliploidia – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Poliploidia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliploidi" title="Poliploidi – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Poliploidi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Полиплоидия – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Полиплоидия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%B0%EC%88%98%EC%B2%B4" title="배수체 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="배수체" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Полиплоидия – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Полиплоидия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliploidija" title="Poliploidija – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Poliploidija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliplo%C4%ABdija" title="Poliploīdija – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Poliploīdija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Полиплоидија – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Полиплоидија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyploidie" title="Polyploidie – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Polyploidie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyplo%C3%AFdie" title="Polyploïdie – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Polyploïdie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyploid" title="Polyploid – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Polyploid" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyploidi" title="Polyploidi – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Polyploidi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliploidalno%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Poliploidalność – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Poliploidalność" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliploidia" title="Poliploidia – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Poliploidia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Полиплоид – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Полиплоид" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliploid" title="Poliploid – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Poliploid" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyploidy" title="Polyploidy – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Polyploidy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliploidija" title="Poliploidija – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Poliploidija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Полиплоид – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Полиплоид" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyploidie" title="Polyploidie – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Polyploidie" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ploiditet#Polyploiditet" title="Ploiditet – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ploiditet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliploitlik" title="Poliploitlik – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Poliploitlik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%97%D0%B4" title="Поліплоїд – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Поліплоїд" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliploidiya" title="Poliploidiya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Poliploidiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%83_%C4%91a_b%E1%BB%99i" title="Thể đa bội – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thể đa bội" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%BA%90%E5%A4%9A%E5%80%8D%E4%BD%93" title="同源多倍体 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="同源多倍体" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q213410#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><p><b>Poliploidi</b> adalah kondisi pada suatu <a href="/wiki/Organisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisme">organisme</a> yang memiliki set <a href="/wiki/Kromosom" title="Kromosom">kromosom</a> (<a href="/wiki/Genom" title="Genom">genom</a>) lebih dari sepasang. Organisme yang memiliki keadaan demikian disebut sebagai <i>organisme poliploid</i>. Usaha-usaha yang dilakukan orang untuk menghasilkan organisme poliploid disebut sebagai <i>poliploidisasi</i>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Organisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisme">Organisme</a> hidup pada umumnya memiliki sepasang set <a href="/wiki/Kromosom" title="Kromosom">kromosom</a> pada sebagian besar tahap hidupnya. Organisme ini disebut <b><a href="/wiki/Diploid" title="Diploid">diploid</a></b> (disingkat 2n). Namun, sejumlah organisme pada tahap yang sama memiliki lebih dari sepasang set. Gejala semacam ini dinamakan poliploidi (dari bahasa <a href="/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani">Yunani</a> <i>πολλαπλόν</i>, berganda). Organisme dengan kondisi demikian disebut <b>poliploid</b>. Tipe poliploid dinamakan tergantung banyaknya set kromosom. Jadi, <b>triploid</b> (3n), <b>tetraploid</b> (4n), <b>pentaploid</b> (5n), <b>heksaploid</b> (6n), <b>oktoploid</b>, dan seterusnya. Dalam kenyataan, organisme dengan satu set kromosom (<a href="/wiki/Haploid" title="Haploid">haploid</a>, n) juga ditemukan hidup normal di alam. </p><p>Poliploidi umum terjadi pada <a href="/wiki/Tumbuhan" title="Tumbuhan">tumbuhan</a>. Ia ditemukan pula pada hewan tingkat rendah (seperti <a href="/wiki/Cacing" title="Cacing">cacing</a> pipih, <a href="/wiki/Lintah" title="Lintah">lintah</a>, atau beberapa jenis <a href="/wiki/Udang" title="Udang">udang</a>), dan juga <a href="/wiki/Fungi" title="Fungi">fungi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pembentukan">Pembentukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poliploidi&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Pembentukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poliploidi&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pembentukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Di alam, poliploid dapat terjadi karena kejutan listrik (<a href="/wiki/Petir" title="Petir">petir</a>), keadaan lingkungan ekstrem, atau persilangan yang diikuti dengan gangguan <a href="/wiki/Pembelahan_sel" title="Pembelahan sel">pembelahan sel</a>. Perilaku <a href="/wiki/Reproduksi" title="Reproduksi">reproduksi</a> tertentu mendukung poliploidi terjadi, misalnya <a href="/wiki/Perbanyakan_vegetatif" class="mw-redirect" title="Perbanyakan vegetatif">perbanyakan vegetatif</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Partenogenesis" title="Partenogenesis">partenogenesis</a>, dan menyebar luas. </p><p>Poliploidi buatan dapat dilakukan dengan meniru yang terjadi di alam, atau dengan menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Mutasi" title="Mutasi">mutagen</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kolkisin" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolkisin">Kolkisin</a> adalah mutagen yang umum dipakai untuk keperluan ini. Efeknya cepat diketahui dan aplikasinya mudah. Penggunaannya berisiko tinggi karena kolkisin sangat <a href="/wiki/Karsinogen" title="Karsinogen">karsinogenik</a>. </p><p><b>Autopoliploid</b> terjadi apabila suatu spesies, karena salah satu sebab di atas, menggandakan set kromosomnya dan kemudian saling kawin dengan autopoliploid lain. Pola pembelahan sel autopoliploid rumit karena melibatkan perpasangan empat, enam, atau delapan set kromosom. Triploid karena autopoliploid dapat bersifat fertil. </p><p><b>Allopoliploid</b> terjadi karena persilangan antarspesies dengan <a href="/wiki/Genom" title="Genom">genom</a> yang berbeda tanpa diikuti reduksi jumlah sel dalam <a href="/wiki/Meiosis" title="Meiosis">meiosis</a>. <b>Amfidiploid</b> adalah allotetraploid yang perilaku pembelahan selnya serupa dengan diploid. <i>Allopoliploidi segmental</i> terjadi apabila sebagian kromosom berasal dari genom yang berbeda (tidak semuanya berasal dari set kromosom yang lengkap). </p><p>Suatu spesies dapat bersifat diploid, meskipun dalam sejarah perkembangan evolusinya berasal dari poliploid. Spesies demikian dikenal sebagai <b>paleopoliploid</b>. Contoh spesies ini misalnya <a href="/wiki/Padi" title="Padi">padi</a>. Dengan n=10, padi berasal dari moyang poliploid dengan n=5. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Efek_poliploidi_pada_organisme">Efek poliploidi pada organisme</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poliploidi&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Efek poliploidi pada organisme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poliploidi&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Efek poliploidi pada organisme"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Poliploidi sering kali memberikan efek dramatis dalam penampilan atau pewarisan sifat yang bisa positif atau negatif. <a href="/wiki/Tumbuhan" title="Tumbuhan">Tumbuhan</a> secara umum bereaksi positif terhadap poliploidi. Tetraploid (misalnya <a href="/wiki/Kentang" title="Kentang">kentang</a>) dan heksaploid (misalnya <a href="/wiki/Gandum" title="Gandum">gandum</a>) berukuran lebih besar (reaksi Gigas ("Raksasa")) daripada leluhurnya yang diploid. Karena hasil panen menjadi lebih tinggi, poliploidi dimanfaatkan dalam <a href="/wiki/Pemuliaan_tanaman" title="Pemuliaan tanaman">pemuliaan tanaman</a>. Berbagai <a href="/wiki/Kultivar" title="Kultivar">kultivar</a> <a href="/wiki/Tanaman_hias" title="Tanaman hias">tanaman hias</a> (misalnya <a href="/wiki/Anggrek" class="mw-redirect" title="Anggrek">anggrek</a>) dibuat dengan mengeksploitasi poliploidi. </p><p>Reaksi negatif terjadi terhadap kemampuan reproduksi, khususnya pada poliploidi berbilangan ganjil, meskipun ukurannya membesar. Karena terjadi ketidakseimbangan pasangan kromosom dalam <a href="/wiki/Meiosis" title="Meiosis">meiosis</a>, organisme dengan ploidi ganjil biasanya mandul (<i><a href="/wiki/Steril" class="mw-disambig" title="Steril">steril</a></i>). Pemuliaan tanaman, sekali lagi, mengeksploitasi gejala ini. Karena mandul, <a href="/wiki/Semangka" title="Semangka">semangka</a> triploid tidak memiliki biji yang normal (bijinya tidak berkembang normal atau terdegenerasi) dan dijual sebagai "semangka tanpa biji". Penangkar tanaman hias menyukai tanaman triploid karena biji tanaman ini tidak bisa ditumbuhkan sehingga konsumen harus membeli tanaman dari si penangkar. </p><p>Hewan bertulang belakang (<a href="/wiki/Vertebrata" title="Vertebrata">vertebrata</a>) bereaksi negatif terhadap poliploidi. Biasanya yang terjadi adalah kematian pralahir. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contoh">Contoh</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poliploidi&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Contoh" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poliploidi&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Contoh"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Poliploidi pada <a href="/wiki/Mamalia" title="Mamalia">mamalia</a> biasanya berakhir dengan kematian pralahir. <a href="/wiki/Vertebrata" title="Vertebrata">Vertebrata</a> tertentu, seperti <a href="/wiki/Salamander" title="Salamander">salamander</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kadal" title="Kadal">kadal</a>, juga memiliki "versi" poliploid. <a href="/wiki/Cacing_pipih" class="mw-redirect" title="Cacing pipih">Cacing pipih</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lintah" title="Lintah">lintah</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Udang" title="Udang">udang</a>, dibantu dengan perilaku partenogenesis, juga memiliki anggota yang poliploid. </p><p>Pada <a href="/wiki/Tumbuhan" title="Tumbuhan">tumbuhan</a>, khususnya tumbuhan berbunga, poliploid mudah ditemukan baik terjadi secara alami atau campur tangan manusia (baik sengaja maupun tidak) dalam proses pemuliaannya. Contohnya panjang: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gandum" title="Gandum">Gandum</a>, dengan berbagai versi tetraploid (gandum durum, 4n) dan heksaploid (gandum roti, 6n),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raps" class="mw-redirect" title="Raps">Raps</a> dan kerabatnya, yang keterkaitannya ditunjukkan secara sederhana dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Segitiga_U&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Segitiga U (halaman belum tersedia)">segitiga U</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentang" title="Kentang">Kentang</a> (4n),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapas" title="Kapas">Kapas</a> (4n)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tebu" title="Tebu">Tebu</a> (multiploid, dapat mencapai lebih dari 8n),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisang" title="Pisang">Pisang</a> ambon, pisang raja (3n, sehingga tidak berbiji normal),</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Triticale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Triticale (halaman belum tersedia)">Triticale</a> (4n),</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berbagai_anggrek_hias&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berbagai anggrek hias (halaman belum tersedia)">Berbagai anggrek hias</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stroberi" class="mw-redirect" title="Stroberi">Stroberi</a> (8n),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semangka" title="Semangka">Semangka</a> tanpa biji.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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